Pharmaceutical Chemistry 128 Experiment 1A: Diagnostic Plant Morphology and Anatomy
Plant Lagundi Niyog-niyogan Yerba Buena Bayabas
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Common Name lagundi (Tagalog) five-leaved chaste tree (English)
niyog-niyogan (Tagalog) chinese honeysuckle (English) yesterday, today and tomorrow (English)
herba Buena (Tagalog) peppermint (English) marsh mint (English)
bagabas guava
Botanical Origin Vitex negundo Linn. (Fam. Verbenaceae)
Quisqualis indica Linn. (Fam. Combretaceae)
Mentha x cordifolia Opiz Ex Frescen(Fam. Lamiaceae)
Psidium guajava Linn.(Fam. Myrtaceae)
Ontogenic Factors
found at low and medium altitudes, in waste places, thickets
found throughout Philippines in thickets and secondary forests
native of Europe; grows well in high elevations and rarely flowers in lowlands
very commons in thickets and secondary forests at low altitudes
Plan
t Des
crip
tion
Overall External Features
erect, branched shrub 2-5 meters in height
large, climbing woody shrub 2-8 meters in height younger parts have rusty appearance on
account of brown hairs
prostate, smooth, slightly hairy strongly aromatic purplish herb
8 meters in height young branches are four-angled
Leaves
usually have 5 leaflets, palmately arranged leaflets
lanceolate 4-10 cm long hairy beneath and pointed at both
ends middle leaflets being larger than the
others and distinctly stalked
oblong to elliptic 7-15 cm long with pointed tip and rounded
base
elliptic to oblong-ovate 1.5-4 cm long, short-stalked toothed in the margins and rounded or
blunt=tipped
oblong to elliptic opposite 5-12 cm long apex is pointed and base is rounded
Stems
Roots
Flowers
blue, numerous 6-7 mm long born in terminal inflorescences (panicles)
10-20 cm long calyx: hairy, 5 toothed corolla: densely hairy in the throat, middle
lobe of lower lip is the longest
fragrant and showy first white and then red, reddish-purple or
orange, exhibiting all these different stages on one and the same flower stalk
axillary, head-like whorls calyx teeth are triangualar or lanceolate
and hairy corolla is also hairy
solitary or 2-3 together peduncles are 1-3 flowered white 3-3.5 cm
Fruits
succulent drupe black when ripe, rounded about 4mm in diameter
narrowly ellipsoid 2.5-3 cm long with five sharp, longitudinal angles or
wings
rounded, ovoid or obovoid 4-9 cm long green but yellowish when ripe and
contains many seeds embedded in aromatic pink edible pulp
Seeds
Medicinal Use bronchodilator expectorant
anti-helmintic counterirritant for body pain and muscle pain
antiseptic – applied to living tissue or skin
Parts Used leaves seeds leaves leaves
モラノキム 1
Pharmaceutical Chemistry 128 Experiment 1A: Diagnostic Plant Morphology and Anatomy
Plant Sambong Akapulko Tsaang Gubat Ulasimang Bato
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Common Name blumea camphor (English) dalapot lalakdan
ringworm bush (English) palochina bayabasin
kalimomog wild tea (English)
silver bush (English) shiny bush (English) clear weed (English)
Botanical Origin Blumea balsamifera (Linn.) DC(Fam. Asteraceae)
Cassia alata Linn.(Fam. Fabaceae)
Carmona retussa Vahl.(Fam. Boraginaceae)
Peperomia pellucida Linn.(Fam. Piperaceae)
Ontogenic Factors
common in open grasslands at low and medium altitudes
areas at low and medium altitudes thickets, secondary forests at low altitudes
Plan
t Des
crip
tion
Overall External Features
coarse, tall, erect, half-woody, strongly aromatic herb
densely and softly hairy 1.5 to 3 meters in height
coarse, erect, branched shrub 1.5 to 3 meters in height
4 to 10 meters in height very succulent erect branched herb 5 to 40 cm in height
Leaves
elliptic to oblong-lanceolate 7 to 20 cm long toothed at the margins pointed at the tip narrow to short petiole
pinnate 40 to 60 cm long leaflets
oblong 5 to 15 cm long broad and rounded at apex small point at tip
oblong-ovate, elliptic-ovate 8-18 cm long pointed tip, rounded base
ovate 1 to 3 cm pointed tip and heart-shaped base pale green pellucid and shining
Stems grows up to 2.5 cm in diameter 5 mm thick
round, woody, branching round and often 5 mm thick
Roots taproot system taproot system
Flowers
stalked yellow, numerous 6-7 mm long born on branches of a large terminal
spreading or pyramidal, leafy panicle
yellow simple or panicled raceme terminal and at the axils of the leaves 10 to 50 cm long
white, 5-parted terminal, axillary
terminal naked, spike inflorescence maturing gradually from the base to the
tip turns brown when ripe
Fruits
dark brown or black pod, straight there’s a wing which runs the length of the
pod contains 50 to 60 flattened triangular
seeds
ovoid, somewhat fleshy 5 mm
brownish somewhat spherical less than 1mm thick
Seeds 4-seed enclosed inside the fruit seeds enclosed inside the fruit
Medicinal Use diuretic anti-urolithiasis
anti-allergy for stomach and abdominal pain lowers uric acid
Parts Used leaves leaves leaves stem and leaves
モラノキム 2
Pharmaceutical Chemistry 128 Experiment 1A: Diagnostic Plant Morphology and Anatomy
Plant Bawang Ampalaya
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Common Name
garlic (English) nectar of the gods poor man’s treacle stinking rose
bitter gourd (English)
Botanical Origin Allium sativum(Linn. (Fam. Aliaceae)
Momordica charantia Linn.(Fam. Cucurbitaceae)
Ontogenic Factors
thickets, waste places
Plan
t Des
crip
tion
Overall External Features
low herbs 30 to 60 cm in height
climbing nearly or quite smooth vine
Leaves
linear flat
rounded 2.5 to 10 cm cut nearly to the base into 5 or 7 oblong-
ovate variously toothed of lobed heart-shaped vase
Stems reduced true stem bulb: broadly ovoid 2 to 4 cm diameter
tendrils for support
Roots root hairs are fleshy and fibrous
Flowers
umbels are globase, nearly always with bulbs and with many flowers
sepals are oblong, greenish white, tinged with purple
stamens are not exerted from perianth
yellow axillary and long peduncled male: peduncled with rounded bract at the
middle female: long-peduncled
Fruits oblong, cylindric pointed at both ends ribbed and wrinkled
Seeds oblong, compressed
10 to 13 mm long corrugated on the margins
Medicinal Use anti-hypercholesterolemia anti-diabetic (non-insulin dependent)
Parts Used stem (bulb) leaves
モラノキム 3
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