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Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition
Rod R. SeeleyIdaho State UniversityTrent D. StephensIdaho State UniversityPhilip TatePhoenix College
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
*See PowerPoint Image Slides for all figures and tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes.
Chapter 10Chapter 10
Lecture OutlineLecture Outline**
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General Principles• Tendons: Attach muscles to bones
– Aponeurosis: A very broad tendon
• Muscles– Origin or head: Muscle end attached to more stationary of
two bones– Insertion: Muscle end attached to bone with greatest
movement– Belly: Largest portion of the muscle between origin and
insertion– Synergists: Muscles that work together to cause a movement
• Prime mover: Plays major role in accomplishing movement• Agonist: Muscle causing an action when contracts• Antagonist: A muscle working in opposition to agonist
– Fixators: Stabilize joint/s crossed by the prime mover
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Nomenclature
• Muscles are named according to:– Location: pectoralis gluteus, brachial– Size: maximus, minimus, longus, brevis– Shape: deltoid, quadratus, teres– Orientation: rectus– Origin and insertion: sternocleidomastoid,
brachioradialis– Number of heads: biceps, triceps– Function: abductor, adductor, masseter
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Muscle Movements
• Muscle contractions are a pull or force by relative positions of– Lever: Rigid shaft or bone– Fulcrum: Pivot point or joint– Weight or resistance
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Classes of Levers• Class I
– Fulcrum between force and weight
– Seesaw or head movement
• Class II– Weight is between fulcrum
and pull– Wheelbarrow, standing on
toes
• Class III– Pull located between
fulcrum and weight– Person using a shovel– Most common
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