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Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition

Rod R. SeeleyIdaho State UniversityTrent D. StephensIdaho State UniversityPhilip TatePhoenix College

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

*See PowerPoint Image Slides for all figures and tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes.

Chapter 10Chapter 10

Lecture OutlineLecture Outline**

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Muscular SystemGross Anatomy

Chapter 10

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General Principles• Tendons: Attach muscles to bones

– Aponeurosis: A very broad tendon

• Muscles– Origin or head: Muscle end attached to more stationary of

two bones– Insertion: Muscle end attached to bone with greatest

movement– Belly: Largest portion of the muscle between origin and

insertion– Synergists: Muscles that work together to cause a movement

• Prime mover: Plays major role in accomplishing movement• Agonist: Muscle causing an action when contracts• Antagonist: A muscle working in opposition to agonist

– Fixators: Stabilize joint/s crossed by the prime mover

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Muscle Shapes

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Muscle Shapes

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Nomenclature

• Muscles are named according to:– Location: pectoralis gluteus, brachial– Size: maximus, minimus, longus, brevis– Shape: deltoid, quadratus, teres– Orientation: rectus– Origin and insertion: sternocleidomastoid,

brachioradialis– Number of heads: biceps, triceps– Function: abductor, adductor, masseter

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Muscle Movements

• Muscle contractions are a pull or force by relative positions of– Lever: Rigid shaft or bone– Fulcrum: Pivot point or joint– Weight or resistance

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Classes of Levers• Class I

– Fulcrum between force and weight

– Seesaw or head movement

• Class II– Weight is between fulcrum

and pull– Wheelbarrow, standing on

toes

• Class III– Pull located between

fulcrum and weight– Person using a shovel– Most common

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Muscle Anatomy: Anterior View

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Muscle Anatomy: Posterior View

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Muscles of the Neck

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Muscles of Facial Expression

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Muscles of Mastication

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Muscles of Respiration

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Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

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Muscles of Pelvic Floor and Perineum

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Muscles of the Arm

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Muscles of the Forearm

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Muscles of the Thigh

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Muscles of the Leg

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Muscles of the Leg

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Muscles of the Foot