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Urine Diversion Dehydrating Toilets (UDDTs)
Rahul Ingle and Dr. Elisabeth von Münch GIZ Sustainable sanitation – ecosan
www.giz.de (www.gtz.de/ecosan)
16 July 2011, Bonn
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The main question
What should sanitation systems be like?
(focus in development cooperation: pro-poor, sustainable)
Foto: Florian Erzinger http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/sets/72157624884824385/
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NUTRIENTS
WATER
NUTRIENTS
WATER
FOODFOOD
Treatment to destroy pathogens (sanitisation)
Closing the loop between sanitation and agriculture
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Sanitation should be seen as a system
Household toilets
Part A
Treatment and storage
Treatment for faeces, greywater, urine
Road-based transport and/or pipes
Road-based transport and/or pipes
Part B Part C Part D
Reuse (e.g. agriculture)
Sale of fertiliser, compost, irrigation water
Part E
Toilets, showers, baths, sinks, washing machines, …
Crop grown with sanitation products (fertiliser, water)
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What is the difference between sustainable sanitation and ecosan?
The difference is only very smallEcosan is sustainable sanitation with a particular emphasis on reuse of nutrients (and water and possibly biogas)
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Ecological sanitation…
… is not a specific technology, but a new philosophy of dealing with what is presently regarded as waste and wastewater for disposal
… applies the basic natural principal of closing the loop by using modern and safe sanitation and reuse technologies
… employs up a wide range of sanitation options
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Two principles are often applied in ecosan systems
1. flow streams with different characteristics are often collected separately (e.g. toilet wastewater separately from rest of the domestic wastewater (=greywater))
2. the unnecessary dilution of the flow streams is usually avoided (e.g. by using dry, low flush or vacuum)
Example: waterless urinals
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BadenWaschen
Greywater
KüchenToilette
Faeces
Blackwater
Urine
Yellow water
Brown water
Sources…
Source: Gulyas, TUHH, 2008
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Greywater 25.000 -100.000
l/(p*a)
• Large volume• Low hygienic risk• Few nutrients• Easy to treat
Urine
~ 500 l/(p*a)
• Small volume• Low hygienic risk• Nearly all
nutrients
Faeces
~ 50 l/(p*a)
• Small volume• High hygienic risk• Carefull treatment
required
Characteristics…
Source: Otterpohl, TUHH
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Source: http://web.mit.edu/urbanupgrading/waterandsanitation/resources/pdf-files
Schematic diagram of Urine Diversion Dehydrating Toilet(can be built as single or double chambered toilets)
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Film
www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwmt6pB3lcs
This film shows the construction, use and functioning of the UDDT.
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Examples of urinediverting toilets
Wost-Man, Sweden
waterless: Urine-diversion
dehydration toilet (UDDT) with area for anal washing
Roediger, Germany Dubletten, Sweden
Urine-diversion dehydration toilet
Urine-diversion
flush toilet
Urine-diversion
flush toilet
Shital ceramics,India
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Urine Diversion Dehydrating Toilet in a school in Lima, PeruPhotos: Heike Hoffmann (Rotaria), 2008More Details:http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/sets/72157611176344324/
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School UDDT- built under the Ecosan Promotion Project, Kenya(SIDA, EU, GTZ)
Fotos: Hagen von Bloh, GTZ, 2008
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Ecosan wants Safe reuse
– but how?
Some slides were kindly provided by Blanca Jimenez (Treatment and Reuse Group , Institute of Engineering, UNAM-Mexico), 2007
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WHO Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater (2006)Volume 1, Policy and regulatory aspects Volume 2, Wastewater use in agriculture Volume 3, Wastewater and excreta use in aquaculture
Volume 4, Excreta and greywater use in agriculture
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/wastewater/gsuww/en/
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Any Questions?
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