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Parturition and Dystocia in
canines
Abdul Nasir
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Parturition (Endocrinological events)
Fetal stressACTH (fetal pituitaryUterine contractionsACTH (fetal pituitaryluteolysisACTH (fetal pituitary
Cervical
dilation
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Stages of Parturition
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Stage I
Duration 6-12 hours
Cervical dilation.
Onset of terine contractions !ot visi"le e#ternall$
%itch is restless& 'ants and a$ voit.
Sho nesting "ehavior
*e'erature dro' (++o ,) a"out 2 h "efore stage IIin /0 of "itches Progesterone is therogenic
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S*E II
3isi"le efforts to e#'el
'u''ies
"doinal usclecontractions
%itch either on her side or
in a s4uatting 'osition
*he chorioallantoic saca$ "e seen first
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S*E II
Pu''ies are delivered& Ever$ 5-6 inutes
Order of 'u''$ deliver$ alternates "eteen
uterine horns.
Duration 5-6 hours---as long as 2 hours
*he 'resentation of the 'u''ies is 60anterior
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!oral Presentation
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Stage III
Stage III is the e#'ulsion of the 'lacenta.
Order a$ "e 7 Pu'-'lacenta-'u'-'lacenta
Pu'-'u'-'lacenta-'lacenta7 Placentas usuall$ 'ass / to 1/ inutes after each 'u'
%itch a$ eat 'lacenta !o 8non 'h$siological value
9a$ cause voiting and diarrhea Careful o"servation including7
Counting of 'lacentas as the$ are e#'elled
Ensures that no fetal e"ranes are retained in the uterus.
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9onitoring :a"or
I'ortant "ecause of7 Earl$ detection and tiel$ intervention in cases of
a"noral la"or
,etal distress
Correlation e#ists "eteen the length and
4ualit$ of la"or and the fetal via"ilit$ and
vigor Perinatal ortalit$ rates decreased fro 550
to 60 through data-"ased interventions
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9onitoring :a"or
TOCODYNAMOMETRY
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;hel'ise
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*$'es of a"noral fetal orientation in 2 "itches ithfetal d$stocia
Type No" of cases Percenta#e
*ransverse'resentation
+ 52.5
%reech 'osture < 2/
3entral 'resentation 5 1. 2 hours ago?
56 hours of 'rogesterone levels decreasing to less than 2
ngAl
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Diagnosis of D$stocia
!o 'u's "orn ithin 2 hours of a successful
deliver$
Signs of la"or not 'rogressing?
Prolonged gestation?
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Clinical e#aination of the d$stocia "itch
3aginosco'$ B o"struction of the "irth canal
Signs of fetal al'osition
:ateral a"doinal radiogra'hs ltrasonogra'h$
Evaluation of uterine contractions
C%C
Cheistr$ 'anel *hese a$ hel' deterine the health of the da 'rior to
'rolonged ani'ulation or surger$
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*reatent of D$stocia
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9ani'ulative *reatent
,eathering (assaging
or tic8ling) Stiulate the ,erguson
refle#. Instruents
Ovarioh$sterecto$
hoo8
S'onge force's
Clashell force's
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Precautions for 9ani'ulation
Pu''$ is 'resent in the "irth canal and can "e
ani'ulated for deliver$
9ani'ulate "itch in a standing 'osition.
se 'lent$ of lu"rication (!arro "irth
canal)
se to fingers to ani'ulate
Do not gras' distal e#treities or the tail.
Degloving inuries are coon
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9EDIC: *@E*9E!*
.1-2 IAg o#$tocin I9 If 'u' "orn ith in 5 inutes
@e'eat o#$tocin at 5 inutes interval
ntil all 'u's are "orn
If no 'u' "orn ith in 5 inutes of o#$tocin thera'$ ive 10 calciu gluconate .2 lAg I3 (not e#eed /
lA"itch)
@e'eat o#$tocin inection
If no 'u' is "orn in 5 inutes 'erfor c section
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9EDIC: *@E*9E!*
D$stocia due to h$'ogl$ceia re'orted in to$
"reeds
If detected7 /-10 glucose I3 until noral glucose level
*ran4uiliers are not recoended ,etal de'ression
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S@IC: *@E*9E!*
=igh success rates ith C section
Earl$ intervention-iniie fetal death
1-./ hrs fro onset of stage 2 ,etal death /.0
/-2 hrs fro onset of stage 2 15.
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S@IC: *@E*9E!*
nesthesia Induce ith 8etaine /-1 gA g
9aintain ith isofluorane or halothane In e#treel$ to#eic and de"ilitated dogs
local anesthetics are 'referred
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Surgical site
On flan8 at an o"li4ue angle 'arallel to last ri"
:eft flan8 incision 5-/ inch long 'arallel to s'ine %eginning 1./ inches "ehind the costal arch
1./ inch. "ove aar$ gland Provide "etter access to uterus
Scar is less 'roinent
9idline or linea al"a incision
(@o"erts& 2)
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Surgical *echni4ue
ll a se'tic easures are andator$
S8in and uscle la$er is dissected
''roach the uterus and a8e an incision at "ifurcation
,etuses are hold and reoved "$ gentle traction terine suturing
F1 catgut "$ single la$er :a"ert suture
9uscular la$ers
F1 catgut "$ si'le continuous ethod (@o"erts& 2)
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Surgical *echni4ue
Prepared sur#ical site
!)in incision
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Surgical *echni4ue
C&ec) t&e %leedin# if any
Muscle incision
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Surgical *echni4ue
Uterine e*teriori+ation
E*teriori+ed uterus
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Surgical *echni4ue
Uterine incision
Pup is re$o'ed alon#
,it& placenta
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Surgical *echni4ue
!)in after closure
!ur#ically re$o'ed pup
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Post O'erative Care
O#$tocin .1-2 IA8g I9 ill 'roote uterine
involution
Parenteral anti"iotic thera'$
,luid thera'$ to neutralie "lood loss
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