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Automotive EnginesAutomotive Engines
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Engine ConstructionEngine Construction
• BlockBlock• Top EndTop End• Bottom EndBottom End• Front EndFront End• RearRear• Valve TrainValve Train
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Engine Block Mfg.Engine Block Mfg.
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MachiningMachining
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Casting MarksCasting Marks
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ENGINE CLASSIFICATIONENGINE CLASSIFICATION
• Operational CyclesOperational Cycles• Number of CylindersNumber of Cylinders• Cylinder Cylinder
ArrangementArrangement• Valve Train TypesValve Train Types• Ignition SystemIgnition System• Cooling SystemCooling System• Fuel TypeFuel Type
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Engine related termsEngine related terms
• BoreBore• StrokeStroke• DisplacementDisplacement• Compression RatioCompression Ratio• SquareSquare• Combustion ChamberCombustion Chamber• TDCTDC• BDCBDC
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Compression RatioCompression Ratio
• Volume atVolume at– BDCBDC– ::
• Volume atVolume at– TDC TDC
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DisplacementDisplacement
• π x rπ x r2 X StrokeX Stroke
• OROR
• (Bore(Bore2 X π X stroke) X π X stroke)• 44
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DisplacementDisplacement
• π x rπ x r2 X StrokeX Stroke
• (X # of cylinders)(X # of cylinders)• OROR
• (Bore(Bore2 X π X stroke) X π X stroke)• 44
• X (# of cylinders)X (# of cylinders)
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DisplacementDisplacement
• MetricMetric– LitersLiters– Cubic CentimetersCubic Centimeters
• StandardStandard– ININ33
• ConversionConversion• Metric to IN3Metric to IN3
– Liters X 62Liters X 62
• ININ33 to L to L– ININ33 /62 /62
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Cylinder partsCylinder parts
• PistonPiston– StrokeStroke– DiameterDiameter
• CrankshaftCrankshaft– ThrowThrow– PinsPins
• CylinderCylinder– BoreBore– SquareSquare
• Connecting RodConnecting Rod
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Operational CyclesOperational Cycles
• 2 Stroke2 Stroke• 4 Stroke4 Stroke• RotaryRotary
– WankelWankel
• IntakeIntake• Compression Compression • Power Power • ExhaustExhaust
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NUMBER of CylindersNUMBER of Cylinders
• 33• 44• 66• 88• 1010• 1212• 1616
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Cylinder ArrangementsCylinder Arrangements
• VV• InlineInline• Horizontally Horizontally
OpposedOpposed• SlantSlant• RotaryRotary
•
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IGNITIONIGNITION
• SparkSpark• Heat/CompressionHeat/Compression
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COOLING SYSTEMSCOOLING SYSTEMS
• AirAir• LiquidLiquid
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4-Stroke Gasoline Engines4-Stroke Gasoline Engines
• IntakeIntake• CompressionCompression• PowerPower• ExhaustExhausthttp://www.howstuffworks.com/engine1.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/engine1.htm
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INTAKEINTAKE
• Intake Valve Intake Valve OpenOpen– Cam ShaftCam Shaft
• Air Fuel Charge Air Fuel Charge EntersEnters
• Piston Travels Piston Travels Down in Down in CylinderCylinder
• TDC-BDCTDC-BDC
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COMPRESSION STROKECOMPRESSION STROKE
• Valves ClosedValves Closed• Piston UpwardPiston Upward• Compression Compression
of Air-Fuel of Air-Fuel MixtureMixture
• Make Charge Make Charge VolatileVolatile
• BDC-TDCBDC-TDC
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POWER STROKEPOWER STROKE
• SPARKSPARK• ExplosionExplosion• Both Valves Both Valves
ClosedClosed• Piston Pushed Piston Pushed
DownDown• Turns Turns
CrankshaftCrankshaft• TDC-BDCTDC-BDC
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EXHAUST STROKEEXHAUST STROKE
• Exhaust Valve Exhaust Valve openopen
• Burnt air/fuel Burnt air/fuel Mixture EvacuatedMixture Evacuated
• Piston Travels Piston Travels UpwardUpward
• BDC-TDCBDC-TDC
• Start 4 strokes Start 4 strokes againagain
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2 Stroke2 Stroke
• Intake and Exhaust Intake and Exhaust togethertogether
• Compression and Compression and Intake togetherIntake together
• Oil/Gas mixedOil/Gas mixed• No oil in oil panNo oil in oil pan• Works at any angleWorks at any angle • http://www.howstuffworks.com/two-strohttp://www.howstuffworks.com/two-stro
ke2.htmke2.htm
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CHARACTERISTICS of CHARACTERISTICS of 4 Stroke Engine Design4 Stroke Engine Design
• In-Line In-Line • V-Type V-Type • Slant Cylinder Slant Cylinder
Opposed CylinderOpposed Cylinder• Valve and Cam Shaft Valve and Cam Shaft
PlacementPlacement• Valve ArrangementsValve Arrangements• Valve OperationValve Operation• Engine LocationEngine Location
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INLINE ENGINEINLINE ENGINE
http://www.howstuffworks.com/engine-inline.htm
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V-TYPE ENGINESV-TYPE ENGINES
http://www.howstuffworks.com/engine-inline.htm
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15˚ V15˚ V
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SLANT CYLINDERSLANT CYLINDER
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OPPOSED CYLINDEROPPOSED CYLINDER
http://www.howstuffworks.com/engine-flat.htm
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W W
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ENGINE LOCATIONENGINE LOCATION
• Front EngineFront Engine• Rear EngineRear Engine• Mid-EngineMid-Engine
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