1. Alexander the Great1. Alexander the GreatCultural diffusion PIGE

Hellenistic Age

Byzantine Empire

2. Genghis Khan and Kublai 2. Genghis Khan and Kublai KhanKhan

-Conqueror “world emperor”-Conqueror “world emperor”

-Leader of Mongols -Leader of Mongols

3. Marco Polo/ Ibn Battuta3. Marco Polo/ Ibn Battuta-Marco- established trade routes-Marco- established trade routes

-Ibn- Great Traveler-Muslim -Ibn- Great Traveler-Muslim

-Both encouraged trade-Both encouraged trade

Cultural DiffussionCultural Diffussion

4. Mansa Musa4. Mansa Musa -King of Mali-King of Mali

-Took his hajj to Mecca-Took his hajj to Mecca

-Distributed gold along the way-Distributed gold along the way

-Brought Islam (Muslim) back to northern -Brought Islam (Muslim) back to northern

African countries African countries

5. Columbus5. Columbus -Explorer -Explorer

-Exploiter-Exploiter

-Columbian Exchange -Columbian Exchange

6. Martin Luther6. Martin Luther -Wrote 95 Theses -Wrote 95 Theses

-Sparked Protestant Reformation-Sparked Protestant Reformation

-Believed faith was the only way-Believed faith was the only way

to receive salvationto receive salvation

7. Peter the Great and 7. Peter the Great and Catherine the GreatCatherine the Great

-Known for westernization Known for westernization

8. William and Mary of Orange8. William and Mary of Orange -Glorious Revolution -Glorious Revolution

-Signed English Bill of Rights -Signed English Bill of Rights

-Turned England into a -Turned England into a

Parliamentary (limited) democracyParliamentary (limited) democracy

9. John Locke9. John Locke

-English Enlightenment ThinkerEnglish Enlightenment Thinker

-All people born are good-All people born are good

-Entitled to certain natural rights-Entitled to certain natural rights

10. Montesquieu10. Montesquieu

-Believed in creating Three -Believed in creating Three Branches of GovernmentBranches of Government

-Checks and Balances-Checks and Balances

11.Voltaire11.Voltaire -French Enlightenment Thinker French Enlightenment Thinker

-believed in free speech -believed in free speech

““I’ll defend you to the death your right to say I’ll defend you to the death your right to say it”it”

12. Adam Smith12. Adam Smith -wrote -wrote Wealth of Nations Wealth of Nations

-Laissez Faire Laissez Faire -Free MarketFree Market

-Supply and DemandSupply and Demand

13. Robespierre13. Robespierre -Radical Jacobin -Radical Jacobin

-Took control of the National -Took control of the National Assembly Assembly

-Reign of Terror -Reign of Terror

14. Louis XVI14. Louis XVI

-an absolute monarch in France-an absolute monarch in France

-executed during the French -executed during the French Revolution Revolution

15. Simon Bolivar15. Simon Bolivar -revolutionary revolutionary

- known as “The Liberator”known as “The Liberator”

- formed Gran-Colombia formed Gran-Colombia

16. Napoleon Bonaparte16. Napoleon Bonaparte -Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code

-Tried to invade Russia in the winter and Tried to invade Russia in the winter and failedfailed

17.Metternich17.Metternich-Congress of Vienna Congress of Vienna

-Tried to turn back the clock to the old Tried to turn back the clock to the old conservative ways (status quo)conservative ways (status quo)

-Established a balance of powerEstablished a balance of power

18.Garibaldi18.Garibaldi

-Leader of the nationalist -Leader of the nationalist group called the Red Shirts in group called the Red Shirts in

Italy Italy

19. Bismarck19. Bismarck

-Iron Chancellor -Iron Chancellor

-used a policy of Blood and Iron -used a policy of Blood and Iron

-Fought 3 Wars-Fought 3 Wars

20. Karl Marx20. Karl Marx

-wrote Communist Manifesto-wrote Communist Manifesto

-believed in the inevitable class strugglebelieved in the inevitable class struggle

-Industrialization is root of communism Industrialization is root of communism

21. Thomas Malthus21. Thomas Malthus - proposed an economic theory that the - proposed an economic theory that the population will exceed the food supplypopulation will exceed the food supply

22. Rudyard Kipling22. Rudyard Kipling

-wrote The White Man’s Burdenwrote The White Man’s Burden

- justified imperialism justified imperialism

23. Czar Nicholas II23. Czar Nicholas II(Little Nicky)(Little Nicky)

-last Czar of Russia last Czar of Russia

-Killed by the Red Army Killed by the Red Army

Nicholas and AlexandraIn 1889 Nicholas married his cousin, Alexandra. The marriage was a very happy one and they had five children, four daughters and last a son, Alexis. Alexis suffered from haemophilia, a disease of the blood which at that time was untreatable.

24. Lenin24. Lenin -leader of the Reds (Bolsheviks)-leader of the Reds (Bolsheviks)

- promised “Peace, Land, Bread”promised “Peace, Land, Bread”

- orchestrated the Treaty of Brest Litvosk orchestrated the Treaty of Brest Litvosk to get Russia out of WW Ito get Russia out of WW I

25. Stalin25. Stalin-dictator of the USSR-dictator of the USSR

-ruled with terror and brutality-ruled with terror and brutality

-communist-communist

-Five Year Plans-Five Year Plans

-Great Purge-Great Purge

26. Kemal Ataturk26. Kemal Ataturk -name means father of the Turksname means father of the Turks

-WesternizationWesternization

Modern-day Turkey is a marriage of the character of ancient Anatolian civilizations and the progressive secular democracy and reforms launched by

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the father of the Turks.

27. Gandhi, Mahatma27. Gandhi, Mahatma

-fought to end British rule in Indiafought to end British rule in India-Civil DisobedienceCivil Disobedience

28. Hitler28. Hitler-Fascist dictator of GermanyFascist dictator of Germany

- formed the Third Reichformed the Third Reich

29. Churchill29. Churchill

-British Prime Minister-British Prime Minister

30. Jiang Jeishi or Chiang Kai Shek30. Jiang Jeishi or Chiang Kai Shek-leader of the Guomindangleader of the Guomindang

- sent Mao on the Long Marchsent Mao on the Long March

- fled to Taiwan when Mao fled to Taiwan when Mao took overtook over

Republic of China

31. Mao Zedong31. Mao Zedong -leader of the communists in China leader of the communists in China

-Great Leap ForwardGreat Leap Forward

-Cultural RevolutionCultural Revolution

-Red Guards Red Guards

32. Deng Xiaoping32. Deng Xiaoping -communist leader in Chinacommunist leader in China

-Implemented Four ModernizationsImplemented Four Modernizations

-““It doesn’t matter if the cat is…It doesn’t matter if the cat is…

-Responsible for the Tiananmen Responsible for the Tiananmen Square Massacre Square Massacre

33. Jomo Kenyatta33. Jomo Kenyatta

-helped Kenya achieve -helped Kenya achieve independence (nationalism)independence (nationalism)

-became 1-became 1stst Prime Minister Prime Minister

34. Kwame Nkrumah34. Kwame Nkrumah -created the OAU created the OAU

- worked to end colonial rule in worked to end colonial rule in AfricaAfrica

- Inspired by Pan- AfricanismInspired by Pan- Africanism

OAU (Organization of African Unity)

35. Mandela35. Mandela -11stst black South African President black South African President

- leader of the ANCleader of the ANC- jailed for 27 yearsjailed for 27 years

- fought to end apartheidfought to end apartheid

36. Pol Pot36. Pol Pot -leader of the Khmer Rouge in leader of the Khmer Rouge in

Cambodia Cambodia

- Reign of TerrorReign of Terror

- Year ZeroYear Zero

37. Arafat37. Arafat

- leader of the PLO - leader of the PLO

38. Rabin38. Rabin

- Israeli Prime Minister- Israeli Prime Minister

39. Ayatollah Khomeini39. Ayatollah Khomeini -he overthrew the Shahhe overthrew the Shah

-Turned Iran into an Islamic Turned Iran into an Islamic Republic (Fundamentalist State)Republic (Fundamentalist State)

- Iranian RevolutionIranian Revolution

- anti-westanti-west

40. Gorbechev40. Gorbechev -leader of the USSR 1985 leader of the USSR 1985

- wanted to end the Cold War wanted to end the Cold War

- reformed economy reformed economy (perestoika/ glasnost) (perestoika/ glasnost)

41. Fidel Castro41. Fidel Castro -communist leader of Cubacommunist leader of Cuba

- Cuban Revolution

42. Mobutu Sese Seko42. Mobutu Sese Seko -Dictator of Zaire Dictator of Zaire

- bankrupted the country bankrupted the country

- remained in control because remained in control because he was anti- communisthe was anti- communist

43. Kim Jung Il43. Kim Jung Il• Communist leader of North KoreaCommunist leader of North Korea

• UnpredictableUnpredictable

• Possesses nuclear weaponsPossesses nuclear weapons

• Hatred of the USHatred of the US

44. Dreyfus44. Dreyfus

• French, Jewish Officer, Focus of the Dreyfus French, Jewish Officer, Focus of the Dreyfus AffairAffair

• Accused of Treason, sent to Devil’s IslandAccused of Treason, sent to Devil’s Island• Cause of Jewish anti-Semitism in FranceCause of Jewish anti-Semitism in France

45. Herzl, Theodor45. Herzl, Theodor

• Founder of the Zionist movementFounder of the Zionist movement

• A Jewish journalist who studied lawA Jewish journalist who studied law• Wrote and published Wrote and published The Jewish StateThe Jewish State..

46. Machievelli

• “The end justifies the means” Do what ever it takes to accomplish your goals.

47. Hosni Mubarak

• 30 plus year leader of Egypt

• Recently stepped down from power from a coup de tat

• Protests were held in Tahrir Square after social media communications

• Army still in control of Egypt

48. Muammar Al Gadaffi

• Dictator of Libya for 42 years

• Chased out of office in a coup de tat.

• Captured and killed by revolutionary leaders

49. Bashir al Assad

• Leader of Syria for more than 40 years

• Oppressing his people

• Killing protestors