INDICATORS
• Indicates society or its organization.
Social
Indicator
• Indicates economics or the economy.
Economic
Indicator
Social indicator Economic indicator
Indicates society and its organization.
Freedom of speech
and opinion
Indicates economics or
economy.
Budget Deficit
Budget surplus
• The power/right to act, speak or think freely.Freedom
• Social and moral address to others.Speech
• Personal experience/feelings.Opinion
IMPORTANCE AND NEEDS
Free speech allows the
truth to surface and
prevail.
A free society is more
dynamic than a closed one, making it a
breading ground for new ideas.
Free speech is itself a
social good because
those who are free are more fully
developed as human beings.
Unhindered speech is a safeguard
against abuse of power.
Summary
Every person
wants to speak freely.
Using unchecked free speeches without senses
may lead to rebellion like
wars/battles and social hate among
people.
Some people want to deny others their right to speak freely if they disagree with their views• Ex. Religion, War,
Politics
Budget Deficit• An excess of
expenditures/liabilities over income/assets in a given period.
Budget Surplus• An excess of income/assets
over expenditures/liabilities in a given period.
BUDGET DEFICT:
• It is most commonly used to refer to government spending rather than business/individual spending.
• Budget deficit as a percentage of GDP may increase in times of economic prosperity as increased tax revenue, lower unemployment and economic growth reduce the need for government programs such as unemployment insurance.
NEEDS IN PAKISTAN
• Budget deficit is a main challenge in Pakistan’s economic situation.
• Country can counter budget deficit by promoting economic growth, reducing government spending and increasing taxes.
• By reducing ONEROUS REGULATION and simplifying TAX REGIMES, Pakistan can improve business confidence.
• Economic situation would become progressively worse without resource generation if tax base is not expanded in the coming budget.
• SAKIB SHERANI said in ISLAMABAD’s fourth budget 2011-12 that;
The EXPANDING TAX BASE is essential for reducing the budget deficit and meeting the country expenses.
ADVANTAGES:• Increase economic growth • Leads to employment of labor force• Stimulate jobs, increase businesses• Raise Nation’s economy
DISADVANTAGES:• No savings• Problematic during emergencies (there will be no stash to rely)• Leads to excessive borrowing from other nations
BUDGET SURPLUS:
• It is most commonly used to refer to the financial situations of government; individual speak of SAVING rather than a budget deficit.
• A surplus is considered a sign that government is being run efficiently.
• A city government that had a surplus might use the money to make improvements.
ADVANTAGES:• Leads to saving• No borrowing• Strong fiscal discipline• Increase Investment opportunities
DISADVANTAGES:• Leads to more tax than needs• Reduce economic growth (as more taxes)• Reduce Nation’s economy
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