The Vikings began leaving their homeland in the 8 th century
AD. They are from the modern day countries of Denmark, Norway &
Sweden. People debate whether they left because it was too crowded,
political pressure or in search of riches.
Slide 3
For nearly two centuries there was hardly a church in northern
Europe that did not echo with the prayer: "Deliver us O Lord from
the wrath of the Northmen." They took advantage of the decline of
the Frankish empire after Charlemagne's death.
Slide 4
The Vikings were very good sailors. They built boats that were
very long and narrow called longships. They began by raiding
monasteries. They settled in an area of England called the Danelaw
and in an area of France called Normandy (they were called Normans
in France).
Slide 5
The only English kingdom to survive the Viking raids was the
Kingdom of Wessex. In the 9 th century, Alfred the Great, the King
of Wessex defeated the Vikings and became the first King over all
of England. The only English king with the title of Great.
Slide 6
Another name for Vikings is Norsemen (north men). They traveled
west to Ireland, Iceland, Greenland and Newfoundland, Canada. They
also traveled to the Mediterranean Sea & Russia to trade.
Slide 7
The Irish women that Viking men took as slaves to live in
Iceland formed the modern ethnic group that lives in Iceland. These
Irish women were responsible for converting the Vikings to
Christianity, which spread as the Viking culture spread.
Slide 8
Other Vikings (known as the Rus) founded the first Russian
state centered around Kiev. From there, they raided the Byzantine
Empire. Later, Byzantine missionaries followed them back to Russia,
bringing with them Christianity, Byzantine architecture and the
Cyrillic alphabet, all of which became vital elements of Russian
culture.
Slide 9
According to the saga of Erik the Red, when Erik was exiled
from Iceland he sailed west and pioneered Greenland. Leif Erickson,
Eriks son, was one of the most important Viking leaders. He was the
one that sailed to America. When it became too cold around 1300 AD,
they couldnt sail the icy waters of the North Atlantic, the colony
of Greenland died off. The Danes control Greenland to this
day.
Slide 10
Upper class Vikings were called Jarls (from which we derive our
word Earl). Below them were a class of farmers and craftsmen called
Karls. At the bottom of the heap were a class of slaves called
thralls.
Slide 11
Woman were very important members of the Viking culture.
Because their men were away for long periods of time, the women
were the ones that ran the household & farms. Viking woman also
knew how to protect themselves, and they could pick out any man
they wanted to be their husband.
Slide 12
Merchants imported glass & silk from the Byzantines. They
also imported spices, fine wool & wine. They exported slaves,
furs, beeswax, honey & walrus ivory. Craftsmen included
blacksmiths, bronze smiths, coopers, leather tanners, saddlers,
& shoemakers. They also had jewelers & men who carved bowls
from soapstone. They carved bone & antler into goods like
combs.
Slide 13
Vikings wore iron helmets. Some of them also wore chain mail.
They also carried round wooden shields. They fought with spears,
bows, axes and swords. In battle Vikings stood in rows and formed a
wall of shields called a skjaldbogr. Some Vikings were called
Berserkers. They spent the hours before a battle working themselves
into a frenzy. They also built fortresses. They dug a ditch &
created an earth bank then erected a wooden stockade on top.
Slide 14
Women spun & wove cloth at home & made the families
clothes. Women wore a dress like garment called a shift made of
linen or wool with a dress open at the sides, held with shoulder
straps. In cold weather they wore cloaks or shawls. Clothing was
held in place by brooches. Viking women often had their hair
plaited or held under a head scarf. Viking men wore trouser like
garments and linen shirts & tunics. They usually wore beards.
Both sexes wore jewelry.
Slide 15
The Vikings grew wheat, barley and rye and apples, plums &
berries. They made bread & porridge. They also ate cabbages,
onions & leeks & herbs like dill & coriander. They ate
pork, beef, horsemeat, goat meat and deer. They also hunted whales
& seals. Meat was roasted on a spit. Vikings women also boiled
food in an iron cauldron.
Slide 16
They drank mead (made from honey, water & yeast), beer
& (if they could afford it) wine. They ate from wooden bowls
and dishes. Spoons were made of horn or (for the well off) metal.
The Vikings also ate with knives but there were no forks. They
often drank from hollow horns called drinking horns.
Slide 17
A normal house often consisted of just one room. In the centre
of the hut was a hearth where the cooking was done. However there
was no chimney & the smoke just escaped through a hole in the
roof. Viking homes had little furniture. In the hut there would be
a table & stools but chairs were a luxury. Chests were used to
store tools & clothes.
Slide 18
Popular sports were swimming, wrestling, skiing & ice-
skating. They also practiced archery. Vikings also enjoyed hunting
and falconry. They were also fond of horse fighting. They played
dice, a board games called Hnefatafl, chess, & a game similar
to backgammon. They were also fond of listening to stories &
telling riddles. Their musical instruments included harps, horns
& wooden pipes.
Slide 19
Even before they converted to Christianity, religion was a very
important part of their culture. They had many gods &
goddesses. Since the Vikings were people who were known warriors,
it makes sense that their version of heaven included fighting all
day. If a Viking was a good & true warrior, then they would be
able to go to Valhalla, or heaven. After fighting all day long,
their nights were spent feasting.
Slide 20
There were 9 worlds in Norse mythology: 1. Niflheim: World of
Fog 2. Muspelheim: The Land of Fire 3. Asgard: Home of the God 4.
Midgard (middle earth): Home of the Humans 5. Jotunheim: Home of
the Giants 6. Vanaheim: Home of the Vanir 7. Alfheim: Home of the
Light Elves 8. Svartalfheim: Home of the Dark Elves 9. Nidavellir:
Home of the Dwarves
Slide 21
Major Viking deities Frigg: goddess of love & fertility
Loki: god of thieves; half brother of Thor Odin: king of the gods;
god of war, poetry, wisdom & death Thor: god of thunder; half
brother of Loki Tyr: god of war
Slide 22
Viking writing is very different than English. The Vikings used
Runes which were inscribed on wood or stone. Viking coins have been
found with various inscriptions that tell us a little about their
history.
Slide 23
When the Vikings invaded England and lived in the Danelaw (NE
England), the English borrowed many (1,000) of their words:
anger-muggy awkward-outlaw berserk-race birth -ransack choose
-rotten die -saga fog -scarf geyser -skin husband -take knife -want
leg -window
Slide 24
Sagas and Skaldic Verse: These have givens some insight into
the beliefs and history of the Vikings, however much of it is
obviously mythological. Archeological diggings: Which have lead to
findings about their Viking settlements and way of life.
Slide 25
Slide 26
The Vikings began leaving their homeland in the th century AD.
They are from the modern day countries of, &. People debate
whether they left because it was too, political pressure or in
search of.
Slide 27
For nearly two there was hardly a church in northern Europe
that did not echo with the : "Deliver us O Lord from the wrath of
the." They took advantage of the decline of the empire after
death.
Slide 28
The Vikings were very good. They built boats that were very
long & narrow called. They began by raiding. They settled in an
area of England called the & in an area of France called (they
were called Normans in France).
Slide 29
The only kingdom to survive the Viking raids was the Kingdom
of. In the th century, the Great, the King of Wessex defeated the
Vikings and became the first King over all of England. The English
king with the title of .
Slide 30
Another name for Vikings is (north men). They traveled west to
Ireland,, and Newfoundland,. They also traveled to the
Mediterranean Sea & to.
Slide 31
The Irish that Viking took as slaves to live in Iceland formed
the modern group that lives in Iceland. These Irish women were
responsible for the Vikings to, which as the Viking culture
spread.
Slide 32
Other Vikings (known as the ) founded the first Russian state
centered around. From there, they raided the Empire. Later,
Byzantine followed them back to Russia, bringing with them,
Byzantine architecture and the alphabet, all of which became vital
elements of Russian.
Slide 33
According to the saga of the Red, when Erik was from Iceland he
west & pioneered. Erickson, Eriks son, was one of the most
important Viking leaders. He was the one that sailed to. When it
became too around AD, they couldnt sail the icy waters of the North
Atlantic, the of Greenland off. Thecontrol Greenland to this
day.
Slide 34
Upper class Vikings were called (from which we derive our word
Earl). Below them were a class of & called Karls. At the bottom
of the heap were a class of called thralls.
Slide 35
were very important members of the Viking culture. Because
their men were away for periods of time, the women were the ones
that the household &. Viking woman also knew how to themselves,
& they could pick out any man they wanted to be their.
Slide 36
Merchants imported glass & from the They also imported
spices, fine wool & wine. They exported, furs, beeswax, &
walrus. Craftsmen included, bronze smiths, coopers, leather,
saddlers, &. They also had jewelers & men who carved from
soapstone. They carved bone & antler into goods like.
Slide 37
Vikings wore helmets. Some of them also wore chain. They also
carried round shields. They fought with, bows, axes and swords. In
battle Vikings stood in rows and formed a wall of shields called a
skjaldbogr. Some Vikings were called. They spent the hours before a
battle working themselves into. They also built. They dug a ditch
& created an earth then erected a wooden stockade on.
Slide 38
Women spun & wove at home & made the clothes. Women
wore a like garment called a shift made of or with a dress open at
the sides, held with straps. In cold weather they wore or shawls.
Clothing was held in place by. Viking women often had their hair
plaited or held under a head. Viking men wore like garments &
linen shirts &. They usually wore. Both sexes wore.
Slide 39
The Vikings grew, barley & rye &, plums &. They
made bread &. They also ate, onions & leeks & like dill
& coriander. They ate, beef, horsemeat, meat & deer. They
also hunted &. Meat was on a spit. Vikings women also boiled
food in an iron.
Slide 40
They drank (made from, water & yeast), & (if they could
afford it). They ate from bowls and dishes. Spoons were made of or
(for the well off). The Vikings also ate with but there were no.
They often drank from hollow called drinking horns.
Slide 41
A normal often consisted of just room. In the of the hut was a
where the was done. However there was no & the smoke just
escaped through a hole in the roof. Viking homes had little. In the
hut there would be a & stools but chairs were a luxury. U were
used to store tools and.
Slide 42
Popular sports were, wrestling, & ice-skating. They also
practiced Vikings also enjoyed & falconry. They were also fond
of fighting. They played, a games called Hnefatafl, chess, & a
game similar to. They were also fond of to stories & telling
riddles. Their musical instruments included, horns &
wooden.
Slide 43
Even before they to Christianity, religion was a very important
part of their. They had gods & goddesses. Since the Vikings
were people who were known, it makes sense that their version of
included all day. If a Viking was a good & true warrior, then
they would be able to go to, or heaven. After all day long, their
nights were spent.
Slide 44
There were worlds in Norse mythology: 1. Niflheim: World of 2.
Muspelheim: The Land of 3. : Home of the Gods 4. : (middle earth):
Earth 5. Jotunheim: Home of the 6. Vanaheim: Home of the 7.
Alfheim: Home of the Elves 8. Svartalfheim: Home of the Dark Elves
9. Nidavellir: Home of the.
Slide 45
Major Viking : : goddess of love & fertility : god of
thieves; half brother of Thor Odin: of the gods; god of war,
poetry, wisdom & death Thor: god of ; half brother of. : god of
war
Slide 46
Viking is very different than English. The Vikings used which
were inscribed on or. Viking have been found with various
inscriptions that tell us a little about their.
Slide 47
When the Vikings England & lived in the Danelaw (NE
England), the English borrowed many (1,00) of their : -
Slide 48
and Skaldic Verse: These have givens some insight into the
& of the Vikings, however much of it is obviously.
Archeological diggings: Which have lead to findings about their
Viking and way of.