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Transcript
Page 1: ˘ ˇˆKSW KSE ness range of . s/km for the test of vertical arrivals. Decay in the curve of NW array is LL faster than that of SE array. The correlation windows for the analysis were

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SUTSUI NIZAWA ORI OGAMI

IRABAYASHI GAWA AKAGI UZUKI

IKAWA AKAMICHI OSHIKAWA

ATSUSHIMA

( )

, Sakurajima-Yokoyama, Kagoshima,

Shallow subsurface structure of Shirane pyrocrastic cone, Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano is discussed with Pseudo

Reflection Profiling. Pseudo Reflection Profiles are obtained from a controlled source seismic experiment in

September-October as a part of the Fourth Joint Observation of Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano. A significant

horizon is defined through correlation of the profile with borehole logging data. The horizon is compatible with

National Institute of Earth Science and Disaster

prevention, , Tennodai, tsukuba-city, Ibaraki,

Akita University, , Tegata-gakuen-cho, Akita , Japan.

city, Akita, , Japan.

Aso Volcanological Laboratory, Kyoto University,

Volcanic Fluid Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Kawayo, Minami-Aso-son, Aso-gun, , Ja-

Technology, , Takijirihara, Kusatsu, Kusatsu- pan.

cho, Agatsuma-gun, Gunma, , Japan.

Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Graduate

school of Kyushu University, , Shinzan,

Sakurajima Volcano Research Center, Disastaer Shimabara-city, Nagasaki, , Japan.

Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University,

, Japan. Present address. Geological Survey of Japan, AIST,

Tsukuba Central , , Higashi, Tsukuba-city,

Ibaraki, , Japan.

Usu Volcano Observatory, Hokkaido University, ,

Tatsuga, Sobetsu-cho, Usu-gun, Hokkaido, ,

Japan. Present address. Research center for Seismology,

Volcanology, and Disaster Mitigation, Graduate

school of Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku,

Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Nagoya, Aichi, , Japan.

, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, , Japan.

Corresponding author : Tomoki Tsutsui

e-mail : [email protected]

Tomoki T , Shin’ya O , Takehiko M , Kenji N ,

Jun’ichi H , Yasuo O , Noriaki T , Atsuo S ,

Jun O , Haruhisa N , Shin Y

and Takeshi M

Seismic Pseudo Reflection Profiling in Shirane Pyrocrastic Cone, Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano

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Page 2: ˘ ˇˆKSW KSE ness range of . s/km for the test of vertical arrivals. Decay in the curve of NW array is LL faster than that of SE array. The correlation windows for the analysis were

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a top face of Tertiary volcanic rocks as a substratum of Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano and is estimated at m a. s.

l. in the craters. The horizon strikes NNE-SSW direction and dips eastward. Its dipping is not uniform and

there is a bench zone beneath the craters which strikes NNE-SSW direction. Seismicity beneath Mizugama crater

is concentrated and the active magnetization region locates beneath the horizon. Other clear reflection events

within the substratum are also observed in the profiles but their geological correlation is not defined. One of

deeper horizon at m a. s. l. may correlate a sort of density contrast in Tertiary volcanics layer. Seismicity

along the traverse line tends to concentrate under the deeper horizon beneath Yugama crater. The density

contrast may constrain seismicity beneath the crater.

: Kusatsu-Shirane volcano, Pseudo Reflection Profiling, Auto-correlation seismology, Logging, Con-

trolled source seismology, Structure of volcano

( )

( )

P .

km s m m

; . km s

(Minakami, )

; (Pseudo Reflection Profiling ; Tsutsui, )

; Nakano ;

a S

(Fig. )

Nurhasan ( ) (L L ) .

Audio Magnetotelluric (AMT) km S

. . km (Fig. )

;

m L L S E

L S

N L L

W L

S

L

a . km YGM

et al.,

et al.

Key words

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Page 3: ˘ ˇˆKSW KSE ness range of . s/km for the test of vertical arrivals. Decay in the curve of NW array is LL faster than that of SE array. The correlation windows for the analysis were

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YGM: Yugama crater lake, MTS: Mt. Moto-Shirane, MNZ: Manza hotspring, KSS : Kusatsu hotspring, YMT:

3

Fig. . The temporary seismic network for this study. Solid circles are seismic stations and open stars are shot

points. The top portion shows the whole geometry of this study with m interval contour. A frame in the

top portion indicates location of the seismic network. The bottom portion illustrates geometry of the

temporary seismic network with m interval contour. A cross symbol marks a permanent station KSE.

Yamada pass, MGM: Mizugama crater, KKM: Karakama crater, YUI : Yumi-ike crater, RH: Kusatsu-

Shirane resthouse.

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Page 4: ˘ ˇˆKSW KSE ness range of . s/km for the test of vertical arrivals. Decay in the curve of NW array is LL faster than that of SE array. The correlation windows for the analysis were

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( b)

( b) Appendix

b

Fig.

Hz

S

Hz

Fig. . Normalized and band-pass filtered records(Neidell and Tarner, )

for the analysis. The pass band of the filtering

was Hz in order to reject S wave arrival.

“S” marks the arrival time of S wave which wasm NW very weak in the original seismograms. The

L L SE mark “Reverberations” shows the periods which

may include multiple reflections to be processed.L L

. s km

Fig.

Vp . km s

NW SE

.

Fig.

Fig.

(Correlation Window) ( )

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KSW KSE

( )ness range of . s/km for the test of vertical

arrivals. Decay in the curve of NW array isL L

faster than that of SE array. The correlation

windows for the analysis were defined for which

acceptable level ( . ) of peak semblances are

kept.

Fig. . Coe cient of variation, of all the peaks in each autocorrelation function. Cross symbols are at

the peaks of the autocorrelation functions. Solid circles mark median value of value calculated in the . s

interval window. increases with increasing lag time . A defined threshold . is marked.

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L Fig. c

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Fig. a

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tiary Volcanics) TV

TV

m

m TV

P TV

(Fig. b) .

TV L

( a) (Fig. c) .

TV

( ) TV

( )

L (Fig. a) m

KSW KSW TV

L m m TV (Fig. b)

. TV

Fig. a (Fig. b) TV TV

Fig. b (Fig. c) TV

Fig. . Correlation between pseudo reflection seismogram at the station L and the borehole logs at the per-

manent station KSW. (a) Regularized sonic and density logs, (b) synthetic reflection seismogram, (c) pseudo

reflection seismogram at the station L . LT marks the logging start point. TV points a velocity decrease at

the top of Tertiary volcanic rocks (Uto , ). HB describes the bottom of the hole.et al.

L KSW

/0 /

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Page 7: ˘ ˇˆKSW KSE ness range of . s/km for the test of vertical arrivals. Decay in the curve of NW array is LL faster than that of SE array. The correlation windows for the analysis were

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Appendix Fig. m L

( ) m

. s

. . m

. (Fig. a) m m

TV

. TV m (Lava Bot-

tom)

LB m

( )

(Underlying Lava)

UL

(Fig. b)

LB UL

Fig. . Equivalent incident waveform. Equivalent

incident waveform is derived through stacking

all Pseudo Reflection Seismograms.

Fig. . Correlation between pseudo reflection seismogram at the station L and the borehole logs at the per-

manent station KSE in the vicinity. (a) Regularized sonic and density logs, (b) synthetic reflection seis-

mogram, (c) pseudo reflection seismogram at the station L (at m west of KSE). LB marks the bottom

of Kagusa lava. UL marks the top of a buried lava layer. HB describes the termination of the logging ope-

ration.

t

L KSE

.*

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1

1

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Page 8: ˘ ˇˆKSW KSE ness range of . s/km for the test of vertical arrivals. Decay in the curve of NW array is LL faster than that of SE array. The correlation windows for the analysis were

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Fig. b) YGM L L L L

L (Fig. c) (Fig. c) W L L (Fig. d)

. S L L (Fig. e) TV

(Fig. b)

. c YGM (L L

) . d

UL YGM: L L

N: L L W: L L

L L d

Fig.

Fig.

m

Fig. a, b, c, TV

d, e N, E, YGM, W, S d

L (KSW)

TV ( . km/s) TV

Fig. b Fig. a

TV

; ; ; ;

( ) L (Fig. b)

TV Fig. c YGM (Fig. c)

. km s .

( ) L L km

L TV

m

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a C TV

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Page 9: ˘ ˇˆKSW KSE ness range of . s/km for the test of vertical arrivals. Decay in the curve of NW array is LL faster than that of SE array. The correlation windows for the analysis were

�� ������������� ���� ����������������� 9

Fig. . Pseudo reflection profiles. (a) Line N, (b) Line E, (c) Line YGM, (d) Line W and (e) Line S. Vertical

axis represents two-way travel time in seconds and horizontal axis is a distance from the rightmost station in

each section. Intensity of apparent reflectivity is described with a color-scale at the bottom-right. Positive

reflectivity is shown as reddish color and negative reflectivity as bluish color. The regions of which absolute

reflectivity is less than . are white colored in order to enhance weak reflectivity region. Locations and

heights of each station are plotted as cross symbols and their name are also attached just above the symbols.

(KSW) and (KSE) mark control points. Intersections of the lines are marked at the common station of each

pair. Significant landmarks are marked as italic characters. The top blue band and succeeding red band

show a zero-lag correlation and its side robe of each trace and are neglected in the following interpretation.

TV marks correlated horizons with the loggings at the control point KSW. Codes b-d mark uncorrelated

horizons. YGM and YUI mark Yugama crater and Yumi-ike crater, respectively. and mark the altered

zone and the intense fumarolic region, respectively.

A F

2

* *0

Page 10: ˘ ˇˆKSW KSE ness range of . s/km for the test of vertical arrivals. Decay in the curve of NW array is LL faster than that of SE array. The correlation windows for the analysis were

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Fig. . (a) Significant geophysical anomalies detected by previous studies. The symbol A describes altered zone

at the surface enclosing with an orange curve. The symbol C aligns the ’s craters (Minakami

) with a yellow line. The symbol F marks the intense fumarolic area enclosed with another orange curve.

The symbols A, C, and F are located after Uto ( ). Blue contours describe Bourguer anomary value

in mgals after Makino ( ). The symbol M marks horizontal location of a thermal demagnetization

region around Mizugama crater (Koike , ). Red asterisks are epicenters determined by Mori

( ). White dots represent locations of the seismic stations, (b) Altitude of TV horizon. Solid triangles

mark the seismic stations. . km interval contours are plotted against a relief map of Yugama region. (c)

Depth section of the line YGM with the correlated horizons and hypocenters. Adjacent hypocenters within

. km from the line YGM are projected by open circles after Mori ( ). A broken circle with M

marks the spherical demagnetization region detected by Koike ( ).

et al.,

et al.

et al.

et al. et al.

et al.

et al.

3+3.,

+3.,+32-

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Page 11: ˘ ˇˆKSW KSE ness range of . s/km for the test of vertical arrivals. Decay in the curve of NW array is LL faster than that of SE array. The correlation windows for the analysis were

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PRS Tremor

L L

m TV

L

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m Fig.

m

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d L m L

L L d

L

L m d TV TV

m .

TV

Nurhasan ( )

m m

d

et al.

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Page 12: ˘ ˇˆKSW KSE ness range of . s/km for the test of vertical arrivals. Decay in the curve of NW array is LL faster than that of SE array. The correlation windows for the analysis were

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Fig. . Power distribution in the network. Solid circles mark power of Pseudo Reflection Seismogram (PRS)

and open circles mark power of background tremor at each station. Open rectangles mark ratios of powers

PRS between and background tremor. Even above the weak reflectivity zone which is marked, PRS/tremor

ratios have large values.

Fig. . Comparisons of Pseudo Reflection Seismo-

grams and autocorrelations of background trem-

or at the each station. Autocorrelations are

normalized with zero lag value of PRS in each

pair. Interference of background tremor on

Pseudo Reflection Seismograms is clearly neg-

ligible.

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No. .

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Minakami, T. ( ) Explosive activities of volcano

Kusatsu-Shirane during and (part I).

, .

( )

.

( )

.

Nakano, M., Kumagai, H. and Chouet, B.A. ( ) Source

mechanism of long-period events at Kusatsu-Shirane

Volcano, Japan, inferred from waveform inversion of the

e ective excitation functions.: -G- :, .

(C)Neidell, N.S. and Tarner, M.T. ( ) Semblance and

: : other coherency measures for multichannel data.

, .

Nurhasan, Ogawa, Y., Ujihara, N., tank, S.B., Honkura,

Y., Onizawa, S., Mori, Y. and Makino, T. ( ) Two

electrical conductors beneath Kusatsu-Shirane volcano,

Japan, imaged by audiomagnetotellurics, and their impli-

cations for the hydrothermal system.

, .

( ) CD-ROM( )

P-

Clearbout, J.F. ( ) Synthesis of a layered medium from.

its acoustic transmission response. ,

.( )

( ) .P

( ).

Robinson, E.A. and Treitel, S. ( ).

. Prentice-Hall, p.

Serra, O. ( ) Fundamentals of Well-log interpretation.( )

Elsevier, p.

Tsutsui, T. ( ) Pseudo reflection profiling method : an.

e cient complement to the CDP method,( )

, .

( )

( a).

.( )

( b).

Bull.

Earthq. Res. Inst.,

J. Volcanol. Geotherm.

Res.,

Geo-

physics,

Earth Planets and

Space,

Geophysics,

Geophysical

Prospecting,

Geophysical signal

analysis

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