automotive - carburetion and controlsbiological - pharmaceutical distillationbraking - trainscathode ray tubesenvironmental controls and cleanupfood processioninformation transferlightingmaterials characterizationmaterials handlingmaterials processingrefrigerationspace exploration and sciencessemiconductorsthin film growthvacuum coatings and brazing

Technologies that use low pressure environments

Carbon nanotube electron emission device

Large vacuum brazing oven for automotive air conditioning assemblies

Computer hard drive assembly

Pressure ranges for low pressure technologies

www.avseducation .org

Pumps and gauges

• Check a rotary vane pump here.

• Check an ion gauge here.

VA CU UMCH AM BE R

G AUG E

PU MPM O T O R

x VA LVE

Expanding Balloon in Vacuum

Latent Heat of VaporizationP

r ess

ure

mm

Hg

( not

t o s

cal e

)

Temperature oC (not to scale)

Pc218 atm

760

4.58

Tc374 o10

0

o0.16 o

Liquid

Vapor

Solid

SublimationCurve

MeltingCurve

Vapor PressureCurve

Triple Pointsupercooling

Gauge

Pump Motor

Valve

Adiabatic Expansion of Moist AirThe Cloud Chamber

For

ce(P

a)

Suction Cup Area (m2)