Early Spanish and English ColonizationChapter 2.1 & 2.2
Cortez Reaches Tenochtitlan
After Columbus, conquistadors were lured to the new world by the prospect of striking it rich
Cortez set off to conquer the Aztecs upon hearing about their vast riches
Upon first glance, the Spanish were amazed by Tenochtitlan
Cortez Battles the Aztecs
The Aztec first agreed to give a portion of their gold to Cortez
The Aztec rebelled in the spring of 1520
Disease left the Aztec little hope Cortez quickly made plans for the
colony of New Spain
Spanish Pattern of Conquest
The Spanish lived among the natives and forced their culture upon them
Often peninsulares often married native women and created a large mestizo
Spanish forced the natives to work in the encomienda
1542, the encomienda was abolished
Other Spanish Explorers
Juan Ponce de Leon
Pedro Menendez Aviles
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Pope’s Rebellion
After Coronado, most Spaniards went to New Mexico to spread Christianity
Sought to transform the Native Americans’ culture
Priests and soldiers began forcing Native Americans to pay tributes
Pueblo religious leader, Pope, was whipped and beaten for his “witchcraft”
1680 - Drove the Spanish out of New Mexico
Spain would never again have complete control of the Americas
English Settlement at Jamestown
English colonies were originally joint-stock companies
1606, King James I granted a charter to the Virginia Company
1607, the VA Company’s three ships led by John Smith landed in Virginia
Named the settlement Jamestown
Trouble in Jamestown “There was no talk, no hope, no work,
but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold.”
1607, only 38 of the original 150 settlers remained alive
1609, 600 new colonists arrived Winter of 1609 = The “Starving Time”
Jamestown Begins to Flourish
John Rolfe introduced tobacco to the region
Virginia Company introduced a headright system
Many indentured servants were brought over to work plantations
Africans began to arrive in the colonies
Settlers Clash with Native Americans
English settlers had no desire to live among or intermarry with the Native Americans
Leaders demanded tributes from the Powhatan
Chief Opechancanough attacked Jamestown in retaliation
King James I made Virginia a royal colony
Economic Differences Split Virginia
During 1660s and 1670s, Virginia’s poor settlers very unhappy
Berkeley imposed high taxes 1675, bloody clash between frontier
settlers and local native tribes 1676, Nathaniel Bacon raised an army Marched on the colony and drove
Berkeley out
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