医药生物技术产业
• 1982 年重组人胰岛素上市
• 至 2000 年已有基于 48 种重组蛋白的 117 种基因工程药物
上市,销售额达 300 亿美元,占药品市场的 9% 。
• 预计至 2010 年生物技术药物销售额将达 1500 亿美元,占
药品市场的 25% 。
• 组织工程、基因治疗、分子和生物指纹诊断等生长点将形成
新兴产业
• 医药生物技术产业仍将是先导和主流
农业生物技术产业
• 1993 年转基因西红柿上市
• 1996 年转基因大豆、玉米上市
• 2002 年全球转基因植物种植面积达 5870 万公顷, 16 个国家
600 万农民以种植转基因作物为主
• 预计到 2020 年全球转基因作物的种植面积将超过天然作物
工业生物技术产业
• 能源生物技术• 环保生物技术• 生物材料:聚交酯、聚乳酸、生物钢• 提升传统产业:化学工业、制药工业、发酵工业• “美国 21 世纪发展规划”中预测到 2020 年生物催化技
术将使化学工业的原材料单耗、能耗、水耗、污染排放和污染扩散均下降 30% 。
Reinventing the chemical industry
Handbook of Green Chemistry and Technology
edited by James Clark & Duncan
Macquarrie Blackwell Publishing: 2002. 540pp. £149 Martyn Poli
akoff & Peter Licence
Nature 419:880,2002
Greenchemistry: zeolite minerals provide an environmentally friendly route to refining petroleumNature 419:880,2002
生物技术产业
• 预测生物技术产业将于 2007 年- 2008 年整体盈利
• 预计至 2020 年生物技术产业将形成医药生物技术、农业生物
技术、工业生物技术三足鼎立的格局,成为高技术支柱产业
• 生物技术将推动由工业革命向生物技术革命的伟大变革、推
动以矿业资源经济向碳水化合物经济的发展
系统生物学
• 在细胞、器官、生物体整体水平测定和研究生物分子及其相互作用并阐明和定量预测其生物学功能和生物体行为
• 生命科学由叙述科学转变为定量预测的科学
• 生命科学的研究由大科学工程和小的生物学实验室有机整合体实施
CYTOCHROME P450 ENZYMES IN THE GENERATION OF CO
MMERCIAL PRODUCTS
F. Peter Guengerich
Cytochrome P450 enzymes are remarkably diverse oxygenation catalysts that are found
throughout nature. Although most of the interest in the pharmaceutical industry has focused
on the role of cytochrome P450s in drug development, these enzymes also offer potential in the
discovery not only of drugs, but also of other useful chemicals. Potential applications range from
the use of cytochrome P450s as drug targets, to the use of randomly generated mutants of
cytochrome P450s to produce libraries of new chemicals and drugs.
Nature Reviews/Drug Discovery 1:359,2002
insight review articles
Industrial biocatalysis today and tomorrow
A. Schmid*, J. S. Dordick†, B. Hauer‡, A. Kiener§, M. Wubbolts|| & B. Witholt**Institute of Biotechnology, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland (e-mail: [email protected])†Department of Chemical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA (e-mail: [email protected])‡BASF AG, ZHF–B 9, D 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany (e-mail: [email protected])§Lonza Biotechnology R&D, CH-3930 Visp, Switzerland (e-mail: [email protected])||DSM Biotech GmbH, Karl-Heinz-Beckurtsstrasse 13, D 52428 Jülich, Germany (e-mail: [email protected])The use of biocatalysis for industrial synthetic chemistry is on the verge of significant growth. Biocatalyticprocesses can now be carried out in organic solvents as well as aqueous environments, so that apolarorganic compounds as well as water-soluble compounds can be modified selectively and efficiently withenzymes and biocatalytically active cells. As the use of biocatalysis for industrial chemical synthesisbecomes easier, several chemical companies have begun to increase significantly the number andsophistication of the biocatalytic processes used in their synthesis operations.
Nature 409:258,2001
Table 4.Examples of technologies available for enhancing biocatalyst characteristics(continued)Target improvement Technology available
Nature Biotechnology 20:43,2002
Table 4.Examples of technologies available for enhancing biocatalyst characteristics(continued)Target improvement Technology available
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