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1saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

mitropoliti

anania jafariZe

gamomcemloba ` al ilo ~gamomcemloba ` al ilo ~gamomcemloba ` al ilo ~gamomcemloba ` al ilo ~gamomcemloba ` al ilo ~

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saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiis istoria

2 m itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZem itropoliti an an i a jafariZe

wignSi gadmocemulia saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli ek-wignSi gadmocemulia saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli ek-wignSi gadmocemulia saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli ek-wignSi gadmocemulia saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli ek-wignSi gadmocemulia saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli ek-

lesiis istoria uZvelesi xanidan vidre XXI saukunemde. naSromi srulilesiis istoria uZvelesi xanidan vidre XXI saukunemde. naSromi srulilesiis istoria uZvelesi xanidan vidre XXI saukunemde. naSromi srulilesiis istoria uZvelesi xanidan vidre XXI saukunemde. naSromi srulilesiis istoria uZvelesi xanidan vidre XXI saukunemde. naSromi sruli

saxiT 1996-1999 wlebSi gamosca gamomcemloba `meranma~ oTx tomad, iqamdesaxiT 1996-1999 wlebSi gamosca gamomcemloba `meranma~ oTx tomad, iqamdesaxiT 1996-1999 wlebSi gamosca gamomcemloba `meranma~ oTx tomad, iqamdesaxiT 1996-1999 wlebSi gamosca gamomcemloba `meranma~ oTx tomad, iqamdesaxiT 1996-1999 wlebSi gamosca gamomcemloba `meranma~ oTx tomad, iqamde

1989 wels wignis pirveli tomi gamoica axalcixeSi.1989 wels wignis pirveli tomi gamoica axalcixeSi.1989 wels wignis pirveli tomi gamoica axalcixeSi.1989 wels wignis pirveli tomi gamoica axalcixeSi.1989 wels wignis pirveli tomi gamoica axalcixeSi.

wignSi srulfasovnad aris aRwerili Cveni eklesiis cxovreba, uamraviwignSi srulfasovnad aris aRwerili Cveni eklesiis cxovreba, uamraviwignSi srulfasovnad aris aRwerili Cveni eklesiis cxovreba, uamraviwignSi srulfasovnad aris aRwerili Cveni eklesiis cxovreba, uamraviwignSi srulfasovnad aris aRwerili Cveni eklesiis cxovreba, uamravi

wyarosa da wyarosa da wyarosa da wyarosa da wyarosa da literaturliteraturliteraturliteraturliteraturis darTviT,is darTviT,is darTviT,is darTviT,is darTviT, wmida mociqulebis epoqidanve, wmida mociqulebis epoqidanve, wmida mociqulebis epoqidanve, wmida mociqulebis epoqidanve, wmida mociqulebis epoqidanve, amasTan, amasTan, amasTan, amasTan, amasTan,

mas win uZRvis qarTvelTa winaprebis sarwmunoebrivi cxovrebis mimoxilvamas win uZRvis qarTvelTa winaprebis sarwmunoebrivi cxovrebis mimoxilvamas win uZRvis qarTvelTa winaprebis sarwmunoebrivi cxovrebis mimoxilvamas win uZRvis qarTvelTa winaprebis sarwmunoebrivi cxovrebis mimoxilvamas win uZRvis qarTvelTa winaprebis sarwmunoebrivi cxovrebis mimoxilva

da ufali RmerTis mier qarTveli xalxis mravalsaukunovani momzadebada ufali RmerTis mier qarTveli xalxis mravalsaukunovani momzadebada ufali RmerTis mier qarTveli xalxis mravalsaukunovani momzadebada ufali RmerTis mier qarTveli xalxis mravalsaukunovani momzadebada ufali RmerTis mier qarTveli xalxis mravalsaukunovani momzadeba

qristianobis misaRebad.qristianobis misaRebad.qristianobis misaRebad.qristianobis misaRebad.qristianobis misaRebad.

monografias Tan erTvis saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis ganxilva.monografias Tan erTvis saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis ganxilva.monografias Tan erTvis saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis ganxilva.monografias Tan erTvis saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis ganxilva.monografias Tan erTvis saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis ganxilva.

wigni gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da sasuliero aka-wigni gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da sasuliero aka-wigni gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da sasuliero aka-wigni gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da sasuliero aka-wigni gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da sasuliero aka-

demiis studentebisaTvis, romelTaTvisac 1995 wlidan es wigni warmoad-demiis studentebisaTvis, romelTaTvisac 1995 wlidan es wigni warmoad-demiis studentebisaTvis, romelTaTvisac 1995 wlidan es wigni warmoad-demiis studentebisaTvis, romelTaTvisac 1995 wlidan es wigni warmoad-demiis studentebisaTvis, romelTaTvisac 1995 wlidan es wigni warmoad-

gens saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis saxelmZRvanelos.gens saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis saxelmZRvanelos.gens saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis saxelmZRvanelos.gens saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis saxelmZRvanelos.gens saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis saxelmZRvanelos.

samSoblos did mamasa dasamSoblos did mamasa dasamSoblos did mamasa dasamSoblos did mamasa dasamSoblos did mamasa damoZRvars uwmidessa da unemoZRvars uwmidessa da unemoZRvars uwmidessa da unemoZRvars uwmidessa da unemoZRvars uwmidessa da une-----t ares s sruliad s a q arTvtaress sruliad s a q arTvtaress sruliad s a q arTvtaress sruliad s a q arTvtaress sruliad s a q arTv -----elos k aTolikos - p atri arqelos k aTolikos - p atri arqelos k aTolikos - p atri arqelos k aTolikos - p atri arqelos k aTolikos - p atri arqilia m eores mokrZ aleb iTilia m eores mokrZ aleb iTilia m eores mokrZ aleb iTilia m eores mokrZ aleb iTilia m eores mokrZ aleb iTvuZRvni am naSromsvuZRvni am naSromsvuZRvni am naSromsvuZRvni am naSromsvuZRvni am naSroms

redaqtorebi: kaxaber WabaSvili, Tamar revaziSvili

kompiuteruli momsaxureba: viqtor daviTaSvili

saZieblebi Seadgina Tamar revaziSvilma

teqnikuri redaqtori: aleqsi SoSiaSvili

m e o r e g a m o c e m am e o r e g a m o c e m am e o r e g a m o c e m am e o r e g a m o c e m am e o r e g a m o c e m a

misamarTi _ Tbilisi, leseliZis 27

E-mail: [email protected]

mitropoliti anania jafariZe�� gamomcemloba `alilo~


uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTveloskaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is wmida sinodis mier

`uflis kvarTis ordeniT~ dajildovebisteqsts kiTxulobs mitropoliti anania jafariZe,

sveticxoveli, 14 oqtomberi, 2008 weli.


w i n a s i t y v a o b a

saqarTveloSi bolos da bolos dadga dro, roca qarTul eklesias

SedarebiT Tavisufali moRvaweobis saSualeba mieca. amave dros arnaxu-

lad gaizarda sazogadoebis interesi qarTuli eklesiis warsulisadmi.

magram sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi eklesiis sasargeblod momxdar aseT

gardatexas qarTuli sabWoTa istoriografia maincdamainc momzadebuli

ver Sexvda, ara gvaqvs qarTuli eklesiis ganmazogadebeli istoria. mraval-

saukunovani qarTuli eklesiis istoriiT dainteresebuli mkiTxveli axal,

Tanamedrove mecnierebis doneze Sesrulebul gamokvlevas ver waikiTxavs.

qarTul istoriografiaSi aseTi CamorCenilobis mizezi, ZiriTadad, 1921

wlidan saqarTveloSi Seqmnili viTarebaa. garda imisa, rom 1921 wlis

Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis istoriis kvlevas sabWoTa xelisuflebis saTana-

do politika maincdamainc ar axalisebda (aseT pirobebSic ki iv. javaxiS-

vilma, k. kekeliZem, b. lomaniZem, z. aleqsiZem da sxvebma mniSvnelovani

wvlili Seitanes qarTuli eklesiis istoriis calkeuli sakiTxebis saqme-

Si), am mxriv arc revoluciamdel qarTul istoriografiaSi iyo kargad

saqme. da ai, ratom: qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb pirveli monogra-

fia cnobilma istorikosma p. ioselianma 1845 wels gamoaqveyna, xolo 1877

wels gamocemul g. sabininis gamokvlevaSi qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb Txroba

mxolod VI s-is bolomdea moyvanili. 1886 wels TbilisSi gamovida mose

janaSvilis ,,saqarTvelos saeklesio istoria~.

qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Seswavla gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxda

ruseTis 1904-1905 wlebis revoluciis Semdeg, roca qarTvelma sazogadoe-

bam ruseTis saimperatoro karisa da wmida sinodis winaSe kategoriulad

dasva qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi. am dros ramodenime saga-

zeTo da saJurnalo werilis (am mxriv gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos s.

gorgaZis werilebi) garda Seiqmna T. Jordanias, k. cincaZis, n. durnovis, m.

kelenjeriZis, n. maris monografiebi, romlebSic ZiriTadad qarTuli ek-

lesiis avtikefaliis aRdgenis kanoniereba iyo dasabuTebuli.

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis moTxovna im xanad marcxiT

damTavrda. isev daiwyo ganmazogadebeli naSromebis Seqmna. XIX s-Si qarTuli

eklesiis sakiTxebi ganixila Tavis monografiaSi episkoposma (Semdgom

kaTalikos-patriarqma) kirionma. 1910 wels romSi frangul enaze gamoica

m. TamaraSvilis ganmazogadebeli monografia, 1918 wels quTaisSi - ev.

nikolaZis gamokvleva ,,saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria~. amis Semdeg, qarTu-

li eklesiis istoriis kvleva, albaT axal safexurze avidoda, magram

saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisufleba damyarda da kvlevac Seferxda.

ase rom, qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb mxolod revoluciamde

Seqmnili monografiebi gvaqvs, Tanac isini dReisaTvis bibliografiul iS-

viaTobas warmoadgens, ris gamoc qarTuli eklesiis istoriiT daintere-


sebuli farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdomi araa. dasaxele-

buli naSromebidan mxolod p. ioselianis, m. janaSvilis, m. TamaraSvilisa

da ev. nikolaZis monografiebSi aris qarTuli eklesiis istoriis ganmazo-

gadebeli Txroba. aq Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom p. ioselianis monografia

garda imisa, rom rusul enazea da Zalze moZvelebulia, xolo m. TamaraS-

vilisa - frangul enaze, gamodis, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis Sesaxeb qarTulad

mxolod ori wigni gvaqvs. da isinic siZvelisa da sqematurobis gamo

sruliad ar Seesabamebian mecnierebis Tanamedrove donis moTxovnebs.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan, vfiqrob, kargad Cans, raoden savalalo mdgo-

mareobaSia dReisTvis qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Seswavlis saqme. amitom

misasalmebelia, rom am didi laqis Sevseba, ukanasknel xanebSi saistorio

wyaroebSi axlad gamovlenili masalebisa da Tanamedrove qarTuli isto-

riografiis miRwevebis gaTvaliswinebiT, isev sasuliero pirma - mitro-

politma anania jafariZem iTava.

mitropolit ananias uzarmazari gamokvleva mravalwliani Tavdauzogavi

kvlevis nayofia. igi didi siyvaruliT da rudunebiT aris Sesrulebuli.

SeiZleba, gadauWarbeblad iTqvas, rom qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb

aseTi yovlismomcveli gamokvleva revoluciamdel saqarTveloSic ki ar

Seqmnila.

qarTuli eklesiis istoria, ra Tqma unda, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis

istoriis nawilia da am grandiozul naSromSic qarTuli eklesiis isto-

ria saqarTvelos istoriasTan mWidro kavSirSi da mis fonzea gadmocemu-

li. aRniSnuli garemoeba, vfiqrob, naSromis erT-erT did Rirsebad unda

CaiTvalos.

farnavazis xanidan (Zv.w. III s.) mokidebuli XVIII s-is CaTvliT, ar darCe-

nila rogorc saqarTvelos istoriis, ise qarTuli eklesiis istoriis

metad Tu naklebad aqtualuri problema, romlis Sesaxebac a. jafariZes

Tavisi Tvalsazrisi ar hqonodes gamoTqmuli. yovelive es avtoris farTo

ganaTlebaze miuTiTebs.

misasalmebelia, rom sasuliero saqmeebiT dakavebuli piri wlebis man-

Zilze Tvals adevnebda qarTul (da ara marto qarTul) istoriografiaSi

Seqmnil yvela im werils da monografias, romelic mas gamokvlevaSi ganx-

iluli calkeuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas gamoadgeboda. aRniSnulis gamoa,

rom mis monografiaSi axali samecniero literatura saTanado sisruli-

Taa asaxuli. avtori axerxebs ara marto srulyofilad gadmosces qarTu-

li eklesiis itoria, aramed qarTuli eklesiisTvis dRes metad aqtualuri

problema axleburad dasvas. bevri sakamaTo sakiTxi monografiaSi axali

masaliTaa gamyarebuli da saTanado daskvnebicaa miRebuli.

naSromis erT-erT siaxled unda CaiTvalos mociqulTa droindeli

saqarTvelos vrceli da detaluri istoriis gadmocema, rasac aqamde sa-

Tanado yuradReba ar eqceoda. I-II ss-Si saqarTvelos teritoriaze mo-


ciqulTa mimosvlisa da qadagebis Sesaxeb Zvel wyaroebSi arsebuli masa-

la, mas Semdeg, rac 1900 wels iv. javaxiSvilma andria pirvelwodebulis

qarTlSi Semosvla uaryo ( im xanad aseTi Sexeduleba mxolod patrma

avrelio parmierim ar gaiziara), specialurad aRaravis ukvlevia. ax.w.aR-is

I-II ss-is saqarTvelos istoriisTvis es metad mniSvnelovani sakiTxi uyura-

dRebod iyo mitovebuli. ra Tqma unda, yovelive imaze, rac saqarTvelos

istoriisa da qarTuli eklesiis fesvebis kvlevas naTels mohfens, uaris

Tqma ar SeiZleba. umciresi masalac ki, saTanado gaanalizebis Semdeg,

qarTuli kulturis samsaxurSi unda iqnes Cayenebuli. swored am mxriv

miudga avtori saqarTveloSi mociqulTa Semosvlis sakiTxs.

rogorc monografiidan Cans, saqarTveloSi mociqulTa mosvlis Sesaxeb

(garda imisa, rom dabejiTebiT miuTiTebs Zveli qarTuli werilobiTi saist-

orio tradicia), mogviTxroben Zveli berZeni da laTini avtorebi. amitom,

misasalmeblia, rom sarecenzio monografiaSi es sakiTxi farTod da

amomwuravadaa warmodgenili, detaluradaa gaanalizebuli saqarTveloSi

mociqulTa Semosvlis gzebi da maTi qadagebis geografiuli areali. dama-

jerebladaa naCvenebi, rom Zvel avtorTa mier dasaxelebuli skviTeTi,

sadac andria pirvelwodebulma qristianuli rwmena iqadaga, amave avtorTa

(mag. dionise periegiti) cnobebidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos teritoriad

unda CaiTvalos.

rogorc motanili masalidan dasturdeba, andria pirvelwodebulis gar-

da saqarTveloSi ramdenime mociquls uqadagia, romelTagan simon kananeli

anakofiaSi gardaicvala da iq arsebuli misi saflavi avtoris mier sa-

marTlianadaa miCneuli saqarTveloSi mociqulTa yofnis erT-erT damadas-

turebel faqtad. avtoris daskvniT, andria pirvelwodebulma ax.w.aR-is I s-

Si ara marto gaaqristiana qarTvelTa erTi nawili, aramed awyurSi pirve-

li saepiskoposo eklesiac daaarsa. damajerebelia Zvel qarTul saisto-

rio wyaroebis monacemebze dayrdnobiT gamoTqmuli mosazreba, andria pirvel-

wodebulis qarTlSi pirvelad ax.w.aR-is 30-35 wels, mefe aderkis zeobis

dros Semosvlis Sesaxeb. naSromSi aseve saTanadodaa dasabuTebuli

saqarTveloSi sxva mociqulTa (mataTa da sxva) yofna da maT mier axali

rwmenis qadageba. ra Tqma unda, rogorc avtoric miuTiTebs, ax.w.aR-is I-II ss-

is qarTlis samefos siZlieresa da mis saerTaSoriso avtoritets Tu

gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin mociqulebi saqarTvelos marTlac ver auvlidnen

gverds.

saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweobis Sesaxeb naSromSi motanili masaliT

avtori miznad isaxavs ufro didi problemis gadawyvetas. kerZod, mo-

ciqulTa mier (ax.w.) I-II ss-ebis saqarTveloSi qristianobis danergva episkopos

ananias safuZvels aZlevs, mociqulTa droindeli saqarTvelos eklesia

avtokefalurad miiCnios. naSromSi damajerebladaa dasabuTebuli im droi-

saTvis iseTi gziT warmoqmnili yvela avtokefaluri eklesiis Tanas-


woruflebianoba. saTanado masaliT Semagrebul aseT mosazrebas avtori

cnobili bizantieli kanonistis, T. balsamonis (XII s.) cnobiT adasturebs.

naSromSi sainteresodaa gadmocemuli qarTuli saxelmwifos, qarTveli

erisa da qarTuli enis Camoyalibebis procesi. naCvenebia, rom qarTvelebiT

gansaxlebuli teritoriis sazRvrebi im uZveles droSi qarTuli eklesiis

samwysos emTxveoda. qarTvel mecnier-istorikosTa naSromebze dayrdnobiT

avtori im daskvnamde midis, rom farnavazis droidan mokidebuli qarTli

da egrisi erTiani qarTuli qveyana - `yoveli saqarTvelo~ iyo, ris gamoc

mas ganmanaTlebelic erTi hyavda. aseTi mosazrebis erT-erT damadas-

turebel sabuTad motanilia qarTlis cxovrebis is cnoba, romlis Tanax-

mad qarTlis ganmanaTlebelma wmida ninom `naTeli sca yovelTa iverTa~.

rogorc cnobilia, aseTi Sexeduleba adre n. marma gamoTqva da maris

mosazreba saTanadod miTiTebulia kidec monografiaSi.

naSromSi didi adgili aqvs daTmobili imis mtkicebas, rom dasavleT

saqarTvelos zRvispira teritoria aseve iberiad (qarTlad) iwodeboda. es

sakiTxi jer kidev akad. s. yauxCiSvilma gaarkvia, magram misgan gansxvave-

biT mitropoliti anania zogjer iberiis teritoriad mTel dasavleT

saqarTvelos gulisxmobs da askvnis rom, radgan am erTian qarTul teri-

toriaze erTiani qarTveli xalxi cxovrobda, erTiani SegnebiT, erTiani

kulturiT, mTel am teritoriaze IV s-dan wirva-locva qarTul enaze iyo.

IV-V ss-ebis saqarTvelos istoriis amsaxvel qarTul saistorio wyaroebSi

(`moqcevaA qarTlisaA~, vaxtang gorgaslis `cxovreba~), radgan qarTuli

eklesiis meTaurad TiTo piria dasaxlebuli, qarTuli eklesiis istoriis

iseTi cnobili mkvlevari, rogorc akad. k. kekeliZe iyo, im daskvnamde

mivida, rom avtokefaliis mopovebamde (k. kekeliZe avtokefaliis mopovebas

468-472 ww. gansazRvravda) qarTlis samefo erT saepiskoposos warmoadgen-

da. k. kekliZis mosazrebas iziareben b. lomaniZe da a. bogveraZe. marTalia,

k. kekeliZis mosazreba Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaSi gabatonebu-

li araa, magram mainc misasalmebelia, rom qarTuli eklesiisTvis aseT

prestiJul sakiTxs mitropolitma ananiamac miaqcia yuradReba. misi daskvniT,

qristianobis Semosvlidan da gamarjvebidan moyolebuli, saqarTveloSi

ramdeni saerisTaoc iyo, imdeni saepiskoposo unda yofiliyo. aseTi mtkice-

bis erT-erT damadasturebel sabuTad monografiaSi samarTlianadaa miC-

neuli `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~-Si qarTlis eklesiis meTauris mTavarepisko-

posis tituliT moxsenieba da vaxtang gorgaslisdroindel qarTlSi episko-

posTa arseboba.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Zvel qarTul wyaroebSi mecnierTa araerTma Taobam

imuSava, vaxtang gorgaslis ̀ cxovrebis~ avtoris juanSeris gamoTqmiT, rom

qarTvelebma `keTilad ver ipyres wesi ioanes mcnebisa~, aravin daintere-

sebula. mitropolitma ananiam miaqcia yuradReba da azri gamoTqva, rom

juanSeris sityvaSi, am SemTxvevaSi ioane naTlismcemeli an ioane mociqu-


li ki ar igulisxmeba, aramed qarTlis eklesiis pirveli meTauri ioane.

iqve daasabuTa, radgan ioane episkoposis mier saqarTveloSi Semotanili

nikeis rwmenisaTvis qarTlis eklesias SemdgomSi aRar uRalatia, maSin,

roca TviT romis imperiaSi mravali mwvalebloba warmoiSva, juanSeris

gamoTqmaSi ioane episkoposis mier qarTlSi danergili rwmenisadmi erT-

guleba igulisxmeba da qarTuli wyaro zustad asaxavs im saeklesio poli-

tikas, romelic 451 wlis qalkedonis krebis Semdeg bizantiis imperiaSi

arsebobda. vfiqrob, juanSeris gamoTqmis aseTi interpretacia V s-is vi-

Tarebis gaTvaliswinebiT swori Cans da siaxlea rogorc qarTuli eklesi-

is istoriisaTvis, ise TviT juanSeris cnobaTa gagebis saqmeSi.

qarTuli eklesiis istoriis gadmocemisas mkvlevari, ra Tqma unda,

gverds ver auvlis vaxtang gorgasalsa da miqael episkoposs Soris momx-

dar konfliqts. am sakiTxs mitropolitma ananiamac miaqcia yuradReba. da

iqve saintereso mosazreba gamoTqva _ Tu ratom dawyevla miqaelma vax-

tangis spa. avtoris Tanaxmad, vaxtangi samefo laSqarze dayrdnobiT ebrZoda

simdidriT aRzevebul miqaels da am ukasasknelma amitom dauwyevla spa.

konfliqtis mizezTa kvlevisas am detalisTvis yuradReba aravis miuqce-

via. vfiqrob, miRebuli daskvna sayuradReboa.

rogorc iTqva, saTanado wyaroebis monacemebsa da samecniero liter-

aturaSi (i. troicki) gamoTqmul mosazrebze dayrdnobiT, mociqulTa dros

saqarTveloSi Seqmnili qristianuli Temebi (aqedan gamomdinare, eklesia)

monografiaSi avtokefalurad aris miCneuli. avtori Tvlis, rom qarTlis

taxtze vaxtangis asvlisas (V s-is 40-iani w.) saqarTvelos eklesia av-

tokefaluri iyo, Tumca imperiis eklesiasTan urTierToba hqonda. aRniS-

nulidan gamomdinare, ar iziarebs qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebul mo-

sazrebas avtkefaliis mopovebamde antioqiis sapatriarqosadmi qarTuli

eklesiis morCilebis Sesaxeb. im xanad antioqiis sapatriarqo, radgan bi-

zantiis eklesias warmoadgenda, qarTlSi ki irani batonobda, avtori Tvlis,

rom iranis xelisufleba ar dauSvebda qarTuli eklesia ierarqiul damok-

idebulebaSi yofiliyo misi mowinaaRmdege imperiis eklesiisadmi.

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi am kuTxiT ar dasmula, amitom

gamoTqmuli mosazreba sayuradReboa. rogorc mitropoliti anania miu-

TiTebs, marTalia, 381 wels meore msoflio saeklesio krebis Semdeg Zli-

erma eklesiebma daiwyes susti eklesiebis damorCileba (konstantinepolis

eklesiam am dros gaauqma pontos da asiis avtokefaliebi) da antioqiis

eklesiis mier qarTul eklesiaze pretenziis gancxadeba mas aRniSnuli

movlenis gamoxatulebad miaCnia. magram antioqiis sapatriarqosadmi qarTuli

eklesiis ierarqiuli damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, radgan Zveli qarTuli

wyaroebic miuTiTeben, unda dasabuTdes qarTul wyaroTa cnobebis arar-

ealuroba, an maTi ucxoenovani wyaroebidan warmomavloba.

sainteresoa naSromis is nawili, romelSic micemulia iranis meSveobiT

qarTul eklesiaze somxuri eklesiis zemdgomobis damyarebis cda. rogorc


iTqva, qarTuli eklesia V s-Si ukve avtokefaluri iyo, magram VI s-dan

iranis zewoliT Seiqmna qarTul-somxur eklesiaTa erToba. qalkedonituri

mrwamsis qarTlis samefoSi monofizitoba momZlavrda. swored iranis Za-

lis saSualebiT somxeTis eklesiam SeZlo Zveli albaneTis eklesiis damor-

Cileba da RvTismsaxurebis enad somxuris damkvidreba. somxurma eklesiam

garkveul warmatebas saqarTveloSic miaRwia. magram mitropolit ananias

mosazrebis Tanaxmad, VI s-is Sua xanebSi qarTlSi Semosulma sirielma

mamebma garkveulwilad gaamyares qalkedonitebis poziciebi.

qarTul istoriografiaSi dRemdea kamaTi, Tu ra rwmenisa unda yofil-

iyvnen sirieli mamebi. mitropolit ananias dasabuTebuli msjelobidan

gamomdinare, isini marTlac SeiZleba, qalkedonitebi yofiliyvnen.

avtori fiqrobs, rom VII s-dan qarTulma eklesiam sabolood gawyvita

kavSiri somxur eklesiasTan da Tavisi aseTi statusi 681 wels I saekle-

sio krebis gadawyvetilebebiT dadasaturda.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa naSromis is nawili, romelic saqarTvelos

samefos ganapira mxareebis _ hereTis, qvemo qarTlisa da tao-klarjeTis

mosaxleobis religiur rwmenasa da maTi ,,gaqarTvelebis~ sakiTxs exeba.

monografiaSi naCvenebia monofizituri somxeTis gavlenaSi moqceuli am

mxareebis qalkedonitobaze moqceva - ,,gaqarTveleba~. Tumca, isini eTni-

kurad manamdec qarTvelebi iyvnen, somxuri ena am Zveli qarTuli terito-

riebis mosaxleobisaTvis mSobliuri ki ara, saeklesio iyo. rogorc avtori

miuTiTebs, swored aRniSnuliT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom qarTveli erovnebi-

sadmi kuTvnilebis gamo, Cvens eklesiaSi erovnul-kulturuli eklesiis

damkvidrebisaTvis mebrZol kirions monofizitebic edgnen mxarSi.

Tavis droze n. maris mier gamoTqmuli antimecnieruli mosazreba, TiTqos

VIII-IX saukuneebamde tao-klarjeTis mosaxleoba araqarTuli iyo da am

mxareebis qarTuli kulturis Zeglebi somxuri Zeglebis nangrevebze aSen-

da, k. kekeliZem da i. abulaZem gaiziares. marTalia, n. maris Teoriis

kritika jer kidev p. ingoroyvam mogvca, magram winamdebare naSromSi, radgan

saqarTvelos ganapira mxareebis mosaxleobis mrwamszec aris saubari, mit-

ropoliti anania am sakiTxsac Seexo. aCvena n. maris mosazrebis usafuZvloba,

- ra mavne Sedegebi gamoiRo n. maris Teoriam, rogor gamoiyenes igi. n.

tokarskim, a. iakobsonma, v. mixakovma da sxvebma tao-klarjeTis Zveli qarTu-

li arqiteqturis Zeglebis araqarTulad gamosacxadeblad.

jer kidev naSromis dasawyisSi aris gamoTqmuli survili, aRdges qarTuli

eklesiis Zveli saxelwodeba da mas ,,saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia~

ewodos. naSromis meore tomSi mosazrebis dasadastureblad didZali da

saintereso masalaa motanili. naCvenebia, Tu ratomaa somxuri da albanuri

eklesiebis msgavsad qarTuli eklesiac samociqulo, saqarTvelos eklesiis

mamamTavrebi mociqulTa taxtze rom sxedan. aqve naCvenebia, rom ,,wmida

kaTolike samociqulo eklesia sveticxoveli~, an mcxeTis samociqulo ek-

lesia ewodeboda.


vfiqrob, naSromSi sakmao damajereblobiTaa dasabuTebuli, rom mironi

saqarTveloSi qalkedonis meoTxe saeklesio krebis (451 w.) dadgenilebis

safuZvelze ikurTxeboda. berZnulenovani sabuTebi qarTuli realobis saw-

inaaRmdegod rom metyveleben, avtori amas samarTlianad xsnis ucxoelTa

batonobisagan gaRaribebuli antioqiisa da konstantinepolis sapatriarqoebis

finansuri mdgomareobis gauaresebiT. maT Zvel sabuTebSi Sesworebani Se-

hqondaT, raTa sxva eklesiebi eiZulebinaT maTTvis Sesawiri miecaT.

saintereso masalaa motanili mironis kurTxevis wesis Sesaxeb. naCvenebia,

rom igi VI s-Si unda SeedginaT, xolo VI msoflio saeklesio krebas (681

w.) daedasturebina. uaryofilia b. lominaZis mosazreba, TiTqos mironis

kurTxeva saqarTveloSi IX s-Si dawesda.

misaRebi Cans, giorgi merCules Txzulebis teqstis im adgilis, romelSic

saqarTveloSi mironis kurTxevis dawesebazea saubari, qaragma ,,a-s~ gaxsna

afxazeTad (da ara aRmosavleTad, rogorc es dResaa miRebuli). qaragmis

aseTi gaxsnis Semdeg naTeli xdeba afxazeTis eklesiaSi ratom daiwyes

ierusalimidan motanili mironis magier mcxeTaSi nakurTxi mironis gamoy-

eneba. ierusalimidan mironis motana, rogorc monografiaSia aRniSnuli, im

xanad marTlac konstantinepolSi mimdinare brZolebiT iyo ganpirobebuli.

naSromSi sworadaa miTiTebuli, rom afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarseba

damoukidebeli afxazeTis samefos warmoqmnis Sedegi iyo. iqve saTanado

masalis motaniT, naCvenebia afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, erTian qarTul ekle-

siaSi rom Sedioda. XI saukunis saqarTvelos istoriis gadmocemisas monogra-

fiaSi kargadaa naCvenebi bizantiasa da saqarTvelos Soris politikuri

viTarebis garTuleba rogor moqmedebda am qveynebis saeklesio urTierTo-

baze. rogor da ra pirobebSi miiRo saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurma kaTa-

likos-patriarqis wodeba. aqve sainteresodaa gaanalizebuli XI saukunis

saqarTveloSi Seqmnili is viTareba, romelmac ganapiroba adre somxeTTan

eklesiuri siaxlovis dros Seqmnili saeklesio literaturis xelaxali

redaqtireba, amjerad ukve berZnulTan dasaaxloeblad. giorgi da eqvTime

mTawmidelebis, efrem mcires roli am saqmeSi. rogorc mitropoliti anania

miuTiTebs, dasaxelebulma moRvaweebma, rogorc zogi mkvlevari fiqrobs,

xelaxla ki ar Targmnes sasuliero literatura berZnulidan, aramed

ukve Targmnils udarebdnen berZnuls, raTa maTSi somxur eklesiasTan

siaxlovis kvali aRmoefxvraT. amiT qarTvelma moRvaweebma berZnebs mous-

pes sababi saqarTvelos eklesia mwvaleblur eklesiad gamoecxadebinaT da

udidesi roli Seasrules qarTuli eklesiis ZvelTaganve arsebuli av-

tokefaliisa da saqarTvelos sapatriarqos aRorZinebis saqmeSi.

saqrTvelos sapatriarqos sazRvrebis ganxilvisas naCvenebia, rom Crdilo-

aRmosavleTiT qarTuli eklesiis sazRvari xersonisTan mdebare kafamde aRwev-

da. aqve miTiTebulia qarTuli eklesiis samxreTi da aRmosavleTi sazRvrebi.

sainteresoa naSromis is nawili, romelic msoflio diptixSi saqarTve-

los eklesiis sakiTxs Seexeba. saTanado masalaa motanili imis saCvene-


blad, rom saeklesio ganxeTqilebamde (1054 w.) saqarTvelos eklesias

ierusalimis eklesiis Semdeg VI adgili eWira. avtori aqve asabuTebs, rom

diptixSi es adgili 1054 wlis wina droindeli sabuTebidan momdinare

Cans. msoflio diptixSi qarTul eklesias marTlac VI adgili rom ekava,

naSromSi amis damadasturebel sabuTad motanilia 1438 wlis ferara-

florenciis saeklesio krebaze saqarTvelos eklesiis warmomadgelis VI

adgilze jdoma. am mxriv, motanili masala, vfiqrob, imdenad saintereso da

damajerebelia, rom naSromis es nawili ucxo enaze unda gamoqveyndes.

saTnado dokumenturi masalaa motanili qarTuli eklesiis Sinagani dip-

tixis _ episkoposTa sxdomis saCveneblad.

naSromis bolos gaanalizebulia XVIII saukunis saqarTveloSi Seqmnili

religiuri viTareba, roca araerTi qarTveli iZulebuli Seiqmna ,,somxur

sarwmunoebaze~ (grigorianeloba) gadasuliyo. naCvenebia anton kaTaliko-

sis didi roli qarTvelobis dacvisaTvis brZolaSi. uxvi masalaa motani-

li imis saCveneblad, rom grigorianobaze gadasuli qarTvelebi Tavis

erovnebad qarTvelobas asaxelebdnen.

sabolood unda davZino: mitropolit ananias naSromSi imdeni sain-

tereso sakiTxia dasmuli da gaanalizebuli, rom yvela maTganis recenzia-

Si Sefaseba SeuZlebelia (ra Tqma unda, amas upirveles yovlisa naSromis

didi moculoba da masSi wamoWrili sakiTxebis simravle arTulebs). Cvens

winaSea metad saintereso, titanuri Sromis Sedegad Seqmnili ,,saqarTve-

los samociqulo eklesiis istoria~, romelSic qarTuli eklesiis Tvramet-

saukunovani istoriis zogierTi sakiTxi SeiZleba sakamaTodac mogveCvenos,

magram es romelime konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb an qarTul istoriogra-

fiaSi arsebuli sxvadasxva SexedulebiT aris gamowveuli, an sakiTxis

garSemo arsebuli saistorio wyaroTa simciriT. saerTod ganxiluli naS-

romis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT is garemoeba, rom mitro-

polit ananias wigniT qarTuli eklesiis monografiuli Seswavlis saqmeSi

mxolod pirveli nabiji idgmeba.

yovelive zemoT aRniSnulis gamo, umniSvnelo tiraJiT gamocemuli saqarTve-

los samociqulo eklesiis istoriis (axalcixe, rabaTi, 1983-88 ww.) xelmeo-

red gamoqveyneba sasurvel da gadaudebel saqmed mimaCnia, rac myar safuZ-

vels Seuqmnis qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Semdgom kvlevas.

vaxtang vaxtang vaxtang vaxtang vaxtang gggggoilaZeoilaZeoilaZeoilaZeoilaZe

1996 weli1996 weli1996 weli1996 weli1996 weli


saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiis istoria

mitropoliti anania jafariZe

arqimandrit ananias episkoposad kurTxeva

uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is mier,

sveticxoveli, 15 marti, 1981 weli.


patiosanno da didebulno qarTvelno!patiosanno da didebulno qarTvelno!patiosanno da didebulno qarTvelno!patiosanno da didebulno qarTvelno!patiosanno da didebulno qarTvelno!

Cveni Zveli wmida mamebi ambobdnen _ `satrfialoCveni Zveli wmida mamebi ambobdnen _ `satrfialoCveni Zveli wmida mamebi ambobdnen _ `satrfialoCveni Zveli wmida mamebi ambobdnen _ `satrfialoCveni Zveli wmida mamebi ambobdnen _ `satrfialosasmenelia pirvel winaparTa istoria~.sasmenelia pirvel winaparTa istoria~.sasmenelia pirvel winaparTa istoria~.sasmenelia pirvel winaparTa istoria~.sasmenelia pirvel winaparTa istoria~.`qarTlis cxovreba~ da `moqceva`qarTlis cxovreba~ da `moqceva`qarTlis cxovreba~ da `moqceva`qarTlis cxovreba~ da `moqceva`qarTlis cxovreba~ da `moqcevaAAAAA qarTlisa qarTlisa qarTlisa qarTlisa qarTlisaAAAAA~ qarTve-~ qarTve-~ qarTve-~ qarTve-~ qarTve-

li xalxis Tavgadasavals uZvelesi droidanve gad-li xalxis Tavgadasavals uZvelesi droidanve gad-li xalxis Tavgadasavals uZvelesi droidanve gad-li xalxis Tavgadasavals uZvelesi droidanve gad-li xalxis Tavgadasavals uZvelesi droidanve gad-mogvcemen, maT cnobebs garkveulwilad eTanxmebian damogvcemen, maT cnobebs garkveulwilad eTanxmebian damogvcemen, maT cnobebs garkveulwilad eTanxmebian damogvcemen, maT cnobebs garkveulwilad eTanxmebian damogvcemen, maT cnobebs garkveulwilad eTanxmebian daavseben axali mecnieruli gamokvlevebi.avseben axali mecnieruli gamokvlevebi.avseben axali mecnieruli gamokvlevebi.avseben axali mecnieruli gamokvlevebi.avseben axali mecnieruli gamokvlevebi.Zvel matianeTa monacemebis urTierTSejerebiT gadavw-Zvel matianeTa monacemebis urTierTSejerebiT gadavw-Zvel matianeTa monacemebis urTierTSejerebiT gadavw-Zvel matianeTa monacemebis urTierTSejerebiT gadavw-Zvel matianeTa monacemebis urTierTSejerebiT gadavw-

yviteT gadmogveca qarTveli eris sarwmunoebrivi isto-yviteT gadmogveca qarTveli eris sarwmunoebrivi isto-yviteT gadmogveca qarTveli eris sarwmunoebrivi isto-yviteT gadmogveca qarTveli eris sarwmunoebrivi isto-yviteT gadmogveca qarTveli eris sarwmunoebrivi isto-ria sadideblad yovladwmida samebisa, erovnuli TviTSem-ria sadideblad yovladwmida samebisa, erovnuli TviTSem-ria sadideblad yovladwmida samebisa, erovnuli TviTSem-ria sadideblad yovladwmida samebisa, erovnuli TviTSem-ria sadideblad yovladwmida samebisa, erovnuli TviTSem-ecnebisa da cnobierebis gansamtkiceblad.ecnebisa da cnobierebis gansamtkiceblad.ecnebisa da cnobierebis gansamtkiceblad.ecnebisa da cnobierebis gansamtkiceblad.ecnebisa da cnobierebis gansamtkiceblad.SesaZloa, Temis uCveulobis da sxva mizezTa gamoSesaZloa, Temis uCveulobis da sxva mizezTa gamoSesaZloa, Temis uCveulobis da sxva mizezTa gamoSesaZloa, Temis uCveulobis da sxva mizezTa gamoSesaZloa, Temis uCveulobis da sxva mizezTa gamo

gagvepara uzustobani, Secdoma-lafsusebi, magram imedigagvepara uzustobani, Secdoma-lafsusebi, magram imedigagvepara uzustobani, Secdoma-lafsusebi, magram imedigagvepara uzustobani, Secdoma-lafsusebi, magram imedigagvepara uzustobani, Secdoma-lafsusebi, magram imedigvaqvs Tqveni gulmowyalebisa da viTxovT Sendobas.gvaqvs Tqveni gulmowyalebisa da viTxovT Sendobas.gvaqvs Tqveni gulmowyalebisa da viTxovT Sendobas.gvaqvs Tqveni gulmowyalebisa da viTxovT Sendobas.gvaqvs Tqveni gulmowyalebisa da viTxovT Sendobas.

kurTxeva uflisa TqvenzedakurTxeva uflisa TqvenzedakurTxeva uflisa TqvenzedakurTxeva uflisa TqvenzedakurTxeva uflisa Tqvenzeda


Tavi I

qarTvelTa winaprebis

bibliuri istoria

adamidan iesomde


qarTvelTa winaprebis bibliuri istoriaadamidan iesomde

s a m y a r o s S e q m n as a m y a r o s S e q m n as a m y a r o s S e q m n as a m y a r o s S e q m n as a m y a r o s S e q m n a

WeSmaritebisa da sicocxlis gzaze Tanaxmad `qarTlis cxovrebisa~,

qarTvelTa pirvelwinaprebs win waruZRva sityva RmrTisa, TviT RmerTi

macxovari Cveni ieso qriste:

ori aTasi wlis win, amaRlebis Semdgom, yovladwmida RvTismSobels eCve-

na ufali da qarTveli eris momavali cxovrebis Sesaxeb amcno:

`hoi dedao Cemo, ara ugulebel vyo eri igi sazepuro ufrois yovelTa

naTesavTa, meoxebiTa SeniTa maTTvis~ (q.c. I, gv. 38), rac Tanamedrove qarTu-

liT ase gamoiTqmis _ ̀ hoi, dedao Cemo, me ar ugulebelvyof xalxTa Soris

didebul qarTvels ers, maTTvis Seni meoxebiT~. yovladwmida dedam mis

wilxvedr saqarTveloSi, misi Zisa da Cveni macxovris ieso qristes davalebiT,

gamoagzavna mociquli andria pirvelwodebuli, romelmac daafuZna saqarTve-

los samociqulo eklesia.

da, ai, ori aTasi welia Cveni mama-papani erTgulad msaxureben RmerTs _

`romelman qmna cani gulisxmisyofiT, rameTu ukunisamdea wyaloba misi~

(fs. 135,5), ̀ romelman qmna cani da qveyana, zRva da yoveli rai ars mas Sina~

(fs. 145,6), `romelman Seqmna samyaro ZaliTa mis mieriTa, zegardmo arsni

suliTa yvna zeciT monaberiTa~ (rusTv.), ̀ romelman gardasul TaobebSi neba

uboZa yvela xalxs, evloT TavianTi gziT~ (saqme, 14,16).

igi isaa, romelic ar ugulebelyofs mis gzaze myof Cvens ers, rameTu mis

mier Seiqmna yoveli xalxi da eri _ ̀ yovelive mis mier Seiqmna da Tvinier

misa arca erTi ra iqmna, raodeni ra iqmna~ (ioan. 1.3).

Cveni mamebis yovlad keTilma, yovlad wmida, yovlismcodne, yovlisSem-

Zlebelma, saxierma, sulgrZelma da mravalmowyale RmerTma eqvs dReSi

Seqmna xiluli qveyana uxilavis Semdgom `rameTu man Tqva da iqmnes, amcno

da daebadnes~ (fs. 32,9).

`Tavdapirvelad RmerTma Seqmna ca da miwa. miwa iyo usaxo da udaburi.

bneli ido ufskrulze da suli RvTisa iZvroda wylebs zemoT. Tqva RmerT-

ma: iyos naTeli! da iqmna naTeli (dab. 1. 1-3).

meore dRes RmerTma Seqmna samyaro cisa, mesame dRes misi brZanebiT

cisqveSeTSi erTgan Segrovda wyali, gamoCnda xmeleTi, aRmoacena miwam

mcenareuli, meoTxe dRes _ man Seqmna mnaTobebi, mexuTe dRes _ wylis

suldgmulebi, cis frinvelebi.


meeqvse dRes Tav Tavis gvarisda mixedviT cxovelTa Seqmnis Semdgom _

`Tqva RmerTma: gavaCinoT kaci Cvens xatad, Cvens msgavsebad. epatronos

zRvaSi Tevzs, caSi frinvels, pirutyvs, mTels dedamiwas da yvela qvemZroms,

rac ki dedamiwaze daxoxavs. Seqmna RmerTma kaci, Tavis xatad Seqmna igi,

mamakacad da dedakacad Seqmna isini.

akurTxa RmerTma isini da uTxra: inayofiereT da imravleT, aavseT dedamiwa,

daeufleT mas, epatroneT zRvaSi Tevzs, caSi frinvels, yovel cxovels, rac

ki dedamiwaze daxoxavs~ (dab. 1.26-28).

meSvide dRes, samyaros Seqmnis Semdeg ganisvena man, romlis saqmeni ̀ didad

Svenier arian, da simarTle misi hgies ukuniTi ukunisamde~ (fs. 110, 3).

Semoqmedma dasabamidan kacad da qalad Seqmna adamianebi (maTe, 19,4).

àiyvana adami ufalma RmerTma da daasaxla edemis baRSi mis dasamuSave-

blad da dasacavad. gaafrTxila ufalma RmerTma adami da uTxra: yvela

xis nayofi geWmeva am baRSi, mxolod keTilis da borotis Secnobis xis

nayofi ar SeWamo, radgan, rogorc ki SeWam, mokvdebio~ (dab. 2, 15-17), magram

gvelis mier Secdenilma evam akrZaluli nayofi Wama da qmarsac aWama.

aexilaT Tvali orives (dab. 3,7).

`Tqva ufalma RmerTma, aha, gaxda adami, rogorc erTi CvenTagani, Semcnobe-

li keTilisa da borotisa. ar gaiwodos axla xeli da ar mowyvitos

sicocxlis xis nayofic, ar SeWamos da maradiulad ar icocxlos. gauSva

igi ufalma RmerTma edemis baRidan, rom daemuSavebina miwa, saidanac iyo

aRebuli. gandevna adami. edems ki aRmosavleTiT qerubimebi da cecxlovani,

mbrunavi maxvili dauyena, raTa sicocxlis xesTan misasvleli daecvaT~

(dab. 3. 22-24).

madlierebis nacvlad pirvelma adamianma ufali RmerTisagan micemuli

pirveli mcneba daarRvia Tavisi urCobiT da pirveli codva Caidina.

èrTi kacis urCobiT mravali gaxda codvili~ (rom. 5, 19).

èrTis Secodebisagan yvela kacis Tavze moiwia sasjeli~ (rom. 5, 18).

èrTis SecodebiT mravalni mokvdebian~ (5, 15).

Taobidan Taobas gadaecema adamis codva da codvis gamo _ sikvdili

(rom. 5, 12).

ganidevna adami edemis baRidan, dawyevlili miwa unda daemuSavebina,

romlisganac tanjviT miiRebda sazrdos. ZeZvsa da ekals aRmoucenebda

miwa, pirofliani Wamda purs, sanam miwadve gadaiqceoda, saidanac iyo aRebu-

li, radgan mtveri iyo da mtvrad gadaiqceoda (dab. 3, 17-19).

edemidan gandevnis Semdeg ̀ Seicno adamma eva, Tavisi dedakaci, daorsul-

da eva da Sva kaeni da Tqva: kaci SemeZina uflisagan. mere Sva misi Zma

abeli. abeli mecxvare iyo, kaeni miwis muSaki. gamoxda xani da miarTva

kaenma ufals ZRveni _ miwis nayofi~ (dab. 4,1-3). abelmac Seswira ufals

msxverpli _ gamoarCia Tavisi faris rCeuli pirutyvidan pirvelSobilni,

misTvis yvelaze Zvirfasni. `mohxeda ufalma abels da mis ZRvens, xolo


kaensa da mis ZRvens ar mohxeda~ (dab. 4. 4-5), rameTu `rwmeniT Seswira

abelma RmerTs kaenisaze ukeTesi msxverpli, romliTac miiRo mowmoba, rom

marTalia igi, rogorc RmerTma daamowma mis ZRvenTa Sesaxeb~ (ebr. 11,4).

Zmis sikeTiT gamwarebulma kaenma Tavi CaRuna. codva gabatonda masze _

gaiyvana abeli velad da mokla.

`uTxra RmerTma _ es ra Caidine? Seni Zmis sisxli miwidan SemomRa-

Radebs. daiwyevla kaeni, devnili da miusafari Seiqmna qveynad. amuSavebda

miwas. uflis pirisagan gadaxvewili kaeni gamravlda da misgan boroti

STamomavloba warmosdga _ daiviwyes Semoqmedi RmerTi da keTili saqmeni,

ewodaT maT `kacTa Svilebi~.

mwuxare adamsa da evas RmerTma momadla sxva naSieri nacvlad abelisa

_ SeTi. `SeTsa SeeZina vaJi da uwoda saxelad enoSi, maSin daiwyo uflis

saxelis xseneba~ (dab. 4.26). ewoda mis STamomavlebs `RvTis Svilebi~. maT-

gan warmosdga noe _ Svili lameqisa.

iwyes gamravleba adamianebma dedamiwaze. Seerivnen `kacTa Svilebs~ `Rv-

Tis Svilebi~ da SeiZines maTgan yovelive ukeTuri Cveuleba.

`dainaxa ufalma RmerTma, rom imata adamianTa ukeTurebam am qveynad, rom

ukeTuri iyo mudamJams maTi yoveli gulisTqma. inana ufalma, rom Seqmna

adamiani amqveynad da Sewuxda. Tqva ufalma _ miwis pirisagan aRvgvi adami-

ans, romelic Sevqmeni, adamianidan dawyebuli pirutyvamde, qvewarmavlamde,

cis frinvelamde, radgan vnanob, rom gavaCine. mxolod noes epova madli

uflis TvalSi. es aris ambavi noesi: marTali, sruli kaci iyo noe Tavis

TaobaSi, RmerTTan dadioda noe. Sva noem sami vaJi: semi, qami da iafeTi~

(dab. 6. 5-10).

ufalma RmerTma ineba miwis pirisagan adamianisa da yoveli xorcielis

aRgva wylis warRvniT. noes ki ubrZana kidobnis gakeTeba. aswavla misi

momzadeba. Seiyvana noem kidobanSi yovelgvari cxoveli, yovelgvari xor-

cieli, rasac ki sicocxlis suli edga, yvela wyvil-wyvilad, wmida piru-

tyvisagan Svid-Svidi waiyvana, uwmindurisagan or-ori. Sevidnen kidobanSi

noe da misi Svilebi, colebi, raTa ganridebodnen warRvnas, meSvide dRes

movida warRvna qveynad (dab. 7. 7-10).

as ormocdameaTe dRis bolos dadga wyali da Sewyda wvima. araratis

mTebs miadga kidobani. TandaTan iklebda wyali da gamoCnda mTis mwverval-

ebi. jer kidev idga wyali miwis pirze da ver ipoves brWyalis mosaWidi

noes mier kidobnidan gaSvebulma frinvelebma. meSvide dRes xelaxla

gauSva mtredi kidobnidan, ̀ dabrunda mtredi saRamoJams da aha, zeTisxilis

nedli rto eWira niskartiT. mixvda noe, rom damwdariyo wyali dedami-

waze~ (dab. 8. 11).

gadmovida noe Tavisi col-SviliT da kidobans Sefarebuli yoveli ar-

seba. augo noem samsxverplo ufals da miiyvana yovladdasawvel Sesawirad

TiTo-TiTo yoveli wmida pirutyvidan da frinvelidan.


iynosa ufalma keTilsurneleba da Tqva Tavis gulSi: aRar davwyveli

miwas adamianis gamo, aRar gavanadgureb cocxal arsebas.

àkurTxa RmerTma noe da misi Svilebi da uTxra: inayofiereT, imravleT

da aavseT qveyana: (dab. 9, 1). Tqveni SiSi hqondes yovel suldgmuls, rac ki

iZvris dedamiwaze, Tqvens xelT arian isini, saWmelad gaZlevT. mis sulTan

_ mis sisxlTan erTad nu SeWamT, me ki Tqvens sisxls Tqveni sicocxlis wil

movikiTxav. `vinc adamianis sisxls daRvris, adamianis mierve daiRvreba

misi sisxli, radgan RvTis xatad Seiqmna adami, inayofiereT da imravleT,

moefineT qveyanas da gamravldiT masze~ (dab. 9. 6-7).

b a b i l o n i s g o d o l i s d a c e m a , e n a T ab a b i l o n i s g o d o l i s d a c e m a , e n a T ab a b i l o n i s g o d o l i s d a c e m a , e n a T ab a b i l o n i s g o d o l i s d a c e m a , e n a T ab a b i l o n i s g o d o l i s d a c e m a , e n a T ad a t o m T a w a r m o q m n ad a t o m T a w a r m o q m n ad a t o m T a w a r m o q m n ad a t o m T a w a r m o q m n ad a t o m T a w a r m o q m n a

noes Svilebi gamravldnen, `maTgan mTeli dedamiwa iqna dasaxlebuli~,

kacobrioba am droisaTvis erTiani iyo, erTi enis mqone, eTnikurad erTgvari.

jer kidev ar iyvnen erebi _ èrTpiri iyo mTeli dedamiwa da erT enaze

metyveli. roca daiZrnen aRmosavleTidan, hpoves veli Sinyaris qveyanaSi

da iq damkvidrdnen. uTxres erTmaneTs: modi, movziloT Tixa da gamovwvaT,

qvis magivrad aguri hqondaT, kiris magivrad fisi. Tqves: aba, avaSenoT

qalaqi da godoli da cas mivuwvdinoT misi Txemi. aRvmarToT niSan-sveti,

rom ar gavifantoT dedamiwis zurgze, Camovida ufali, rom enaxa qalaqi da

godoli, romelsac adamianebi aSenebdnen, Tqva ufalma: aha, erTi xalxia es

da erTi ena aqvs yvelas. raki es saqme wamouwyiaT, amieridan daubrkole-

bliv gaakeTeben yvelafers, rasac ki ganizraxaven. aba, Caval da enas avurev

maT, rom veraferi gaagebinon erTmaneTs. gafanta isini ufalma iqidan mTels

dedamiwis zurgze da maTac Sewyvites qalaqisa da godolis Seneba. amito-

mac ewoda saxelad babiloni, radgan swored aq aRria ufalma mTeli dedami-

wis ena da aqedan gafanta isini ufalma dedamiwis zurgze~ (dab. 11. 1-9).

noes Ze _ `qami iyo qanaanis mamamTavari~, _ weria dabadebaSi. semma _

ebraul da sxva semitur tomebs daudo safuZveli. iafetma ki _ evropasa

da aziaSi gavrcelebul mraval xalxs. TviTon sityva ìafeti~ niSnavs

`gavrcelebas~. sxvadasxva xalxis mamamTavarTa Soris bibliis Zveli, gan-

sakuTrebiT ki qristiani komentatorebi qarTvelTa mamamTavarsac asaxele-

ben _ zogierTi cnobiT, is yofila iafetis Ze Tubali. saerTod iafetis

STamomavlebi, noes dalocvis Sesabamisad, raodenobiTac da RirsebiTac

upiratesni iyvnen sxva mamamTavarTa STamomavlebze. noem iafeti ase dalo-

ca _ ganufarTos RmerTma iafets, semis karvebSi daemkvidros, daemorCilos

mas qanaani (dab. 9. 27).


iafetis STamomavloba aseTia:

_ ̀ iafetis Zeni: gomeri, magogi, madai, iavani, Tubali, meSeqi da Tirasi.

gomeris Zeni: aSqenazi, rifaTi da Togarma.

iavanis Zeni: eliSa, TarSiSi, qiTimi da dodanimi. amaTgan ganifantnen

zRvispira xalxebi Tav-Tavis qveynebSi, TiToeuli Tavisi enis mixedviT, Tavi-

si tomis mixedviT, Tav-Tavis xalxSi~ (dab. 10. 2-5).

bibliis komentatori ase ganmartavs am saxelebs:

`gomeri~ _ ...am xalxis saxels sxvaganac vxvdebiT bibliaSi _ winaswarmetyvel

ezekielTan, romelic maT aRwers, rogorc mezobels Tubalisa da mosoxisa (38, 6)

da sxva xalxebis rigSi, romelnic saxlobdnen Crdilo siriaSi da mcire aziaSi.

`magogi~ ... ezekielTan es tomebi gamodian, rogorc gamocdili da dax-

elovnebuli moisarni (38, 16. 39, 3). isini cxovroben zemoT dasaxelebulebT-

an mezoblad, odnav maT CrdiloeTiT. zogierTni maTSi xedaven skviTebs,

romelnic cxovroben azovis zRvis piras. magogSi aseve skviT-Turanelebs

xedaven. skviTebis bediswera asrulda ezekielis winaswarmetyvelebis Tanaxmad,

maTi ganadgurebis Sesaxeb samon-gogis dablobze, roca isini dabrundnen

palestinaSi da daavaddnen, rogorc aRwers herodote (1, 105-106).

`madai~... am saxeliT iwodebodnen arielebi, mcxovrebni dasavleT aziaSi

_ midielebi. maTi didi nawili TandaTanobiT gadasaxlda aRmosavleTSi da

miiRo indusebis saxeli. midielebis sparselebTan da, saerTod, arielebTan

naTesaobis Taobaze werda winaswarmetyveli danieli (V, 28).

`iavani~ _ miuTiTebs berZnebze, upirvelesad ionielebze.

`Tubal mesexi~... _ rogorc dabadebaSi, aseve wmida werilis mraval

adgilas es ori xalxi, rogorc wesi, erTiandebian da erTad gamoisaxebian

magogis moxarkeebad (ezek. 38, 2. 39, 1). erTxel sxvaTaSoris iavanTan erTi-

andebian (e. 37, 13). da kidev or adgilas maTi sacxovrisi ganisazRvreba

palestinis CrdiloeTiT. asirieli mefeebis analebSi arcTu iSviaTad moix-

senieba Muski da Tabal, viTarca ori mezobeli xalxi, mcxovrebi kilikiaSi.

xolo herodote ambobs tibarekebsa da iberianelTa (iberTa) da mosoxTa

Sesaxeb, kolxidis mezoblad mcxovrebTa Sesaxeb. mecnierebi Tvlian, rom

Tavdapirvelad orive xalxi cxovrobda tigrosisa da evfratis saTaveebSi,

midiasa da skviTias Soris, e.i. kolxeTsa da iberiaSi (Tubal _ savaraudoa

iberebi anu qarTvelebi).

`gomeris Zeni~: aSqezani... ̀ _ imaze dayrdnobiT, rom Tanamedrove ebraelebi

germanias `askenazs~ uwodeben, iudevel ganmmartebelTa umravlesoba aq

xedavs miTiTebas germanelebze... advilad SesaZlebelia aseve is, rom es

erovneba Tavis Tavdapirvel sacxovrisad (igulisxmeba mcire azia) gasv-

lis Semdeg, droTa viTarebaSi damkvidrda dasavleT evropaSi da aq daudo

safuZveli momavali germaniis cxovrebas.

`Togarma~ ... es saxeli kidev orjer gvxvdeba ezekielTan, rogorc cx-

enebisa da virebis momwodebeli tireli vaWrebisaTvis (ezek. 27, 14. 38, 6).


tradiciis Tanaxmad, romelic Semonaxulia mose xorenacisTan, somxeTis

mcxovrebTa mamamTavrad iTvleboda Togarmas Svili~ (ix. ̀ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ~,

t. I, 1904. s. 70).

m s o f l i o e n a T a o j a x e b im s o f l i o e n a T a o j a x e b im s o f l i o e n a T a o j a x e b im s o f l i o e n a T a o j a x e b im s o f l i o e n a T a o j a x e b i

ramdenad Seefardeba mecnierul Tvalsazriss bibliaSi gadmocemuli

Txroba enaTa da xalxTa warmoqmnis Sesaxeb? amasTan dakavSirebiT komenta-

tori wers, rom genealogiuri cxrilebi aRmosavleTis Zveli xalxebi-

saTvis warmoadgendnen yvelaze mniSvnelovan da farTod gavrcelebul

movlenas, umTavres da TiTqmis erTaderT istorias warsulisas, is saimedod

iyo daculi da Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda.

bibliis genealogiuri cxrilebi, ueWvelad uZvelesi, warsulis Zeglebia,

wamosuli abramis epoqidan, Cans, TviT noes ojaxidan. axal aRmoCenaTa

wyalobiT, Tanamedrove mecnierebi ufro da ufro rwmundebian xalxTa

bibliuri cxrilebis sinamdvilesa da simarTleSi, magaliTad, mas `Zvel

msoflioSi xalxTa gansaxlebis gansakuTrebiT Zveli, gansakuTrebiT Zvir-

fasi da sruli istoriis~ dokuments uwodebs cnobili frangi orientalis-

ti lenormani da ambobs, rom `mis sinamdviles gasaocrad adasturebs

SedarebiTi enaTmcodneoba da fiziologiuri gamokvleva sxvadasxva erisa~.

cxrili amtkicebs kacobriobis erTa erTobis WeSmaritebas, uCvenebs, rom

mTeli kacobrioba warmoiSva mxolod am sami (semi, qami, iafeti) Stosagan,

romelnic Tavis mxriv gamovidnen erTi saerTo Ziridan (ix. `tolkovaia

biblia~, peterburgi, 1904, gv. 68).

dabadeba meaTe TavSi CamoTvlis semitur, qamitur da iafetur xalxebs,

maT eTnarqebs da bolos ambobs: `es aris noes ZeTa STamomavloba Tav-

Tavisi modgmis mixedviT, Tav-Tavis xalxSi. maTgan ganStovdnen xalxebi

qveyanaze warRvnis Semdeg~ (dab. 10, 32).

Tanamedrove enaTmecnierebi semitur enaTa ojaxebs akuTvneben asurul-

babilonurs, anu aqadurs, Zvel ebrauls (anu bibliis enas), finikurs, arameuls,

siriuls, arabuls, eTiopurs.

qamitur enaTa ojaxs akuTvneben berberulsa da kuSitur enebs, Zvel

egvipturs, kopturs (S. ZiZiguri, saenaTmecniero saubrebi, 1982, gv. 98).

msoflios yvelaze farTod ganfenili enaTa ojaxia indoevropuli, rogorc

nabrZanebia _ ̀ ganufarTos RmerTma iafeTs~, masSi Sedis enaTa induri, iran-

uli, slavuri, baltikuri, germanuli, romanuli, kelturi, berZnuli Stoebi,

calkeuli enebi.

indoevropul enaTa ojaxSi Sedis 86-ze meti ena, ganfenilni atlantis

okeanidan indoeTisa da wynar okeanemde. am ojaxis enaTa calkeul Stoeb-

Sic aTeulobiT ena Sedis, magaliTad, romanul (italikur) StoSi Sedis 13


ena, germanuli Stos sxvadasxva jgufSi _ 11 ena, indur StoSi _ 12 ena,

aseve iranulsa da sxva StoebSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnuli enebi

amJamad Zlier daSorebulni arian erTmaneTs, mecnierebi gamokvlevebis

Sedegad mividnen daskvnamde, rom aRniSnuli enebi warmoSobilni arian

erTi indoevropuli fuZe enis diferenciaciis, daSla-danawevrebis Sede-

gad. isini aRniSnul monaTesave enaTa SejerebiT da SedarebiT rwmundebian

rom, miuxedavad droTa viTarebiT gamowveuli cvlilebisa, maT SeinarCunes

saerTo struqturuli niSnebi. mecnierTa daskvniT, fuZe indoevropul enas

Tavdapirvelad gamoeyvnen winareitalikebis, winarebaltielebis, winareger-

manelebis, indoiranelebis, xeTebisa da sxvaTa enebi, romelnic Semdgom

Tavis mxriv daiSalnen calkeul enebad. xalxTa uzarmazari indoevropuli

jgufi Tavdapirvelad warmoadgenda mTlian, jer kidev dauSlel gaerTianebas,

romelic saerTo enaze metyvelebda. saerTo fuZe indoevropuli ena mecni-

erTa TvalsazrisiT daunawevrebeli saxiT arsebobda `Cvens eramde IV

aTaswleulSi~, unda aRiniSnos, rom zogierTi RvTismetyvelis Tanaxmad, msof-

lio warRvna moxda 3246 wels qristeSobamde, qronologia faqtobrivad

Tanmxvedria.

`msgavsadve yvela semitur enasa da yvela qamitur enas amJamad erTmane-

Tisagan daSorebulsa da gantotvils, warsulSi gaaCndaT saerTo fuZeena,

romlisganac diferencirebis Sedegad warmodgnen isini~. aseTia azri

lingvistebisa. amas mowmobs enaTa da xalxTa warmoSobis Sesaxeb wmida

werilic.

`dabadeba~ sxva Tavdapirvel xalxTa Soris qarTvelTa winaprebs _ To-

bels, mosoqsa da aseve Torgams, _ pirvel rigSi CamoTvlis. Tobeli da

mosoqi (mosoxi) iyvnen iafetis Zeni, xolo Torgami iafetis Zis Ze iyo.

SemTxveviT ar uwodebda lenormani bibliis genealogiur sias msoflioSi

xalxTa gansaxlebis srul istorias. arc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom kaenis _

pirveli adamianis Zis Zeebsac _ iabeli, iubeli, Tubal-kaeni ewodebodaT.

yvela amaT qarTvelur tomTa winaprebad gulisxmobdnen gamoCenili is-

torikosebi. bibliis genealogiuri cxrilis safuZvelze mkvlevarebs ufleba

eZlevaT ganacxadon, rom msoflios Tavdapirvel xalxTa Soris qarTvelTa

winaprebs eWiraT mniSvnelovani raodenobrivi wili. Tavis mxriv, am mo-

sazrebas ganamtkicebs lingvist mecnierTa Teoriebi, romlis Tanaxmadac,

indoevropul fuZeenaze gavlena mouxdenia protoqarTvelur enas. mar-

Tlac, aTaswleulTa win, kacobriobis gariJraJze, jer kidev dauyofel pro-

toindoevropul enaze gavlenas ver moaxdenda proqarTveluri, am enis

matarebel eTnoss mniSvnelovani adgili rom ar sWeroda mesopotamiasa da

mcire aziaSi _ kacobriobis Tavdapirvel samSobloSi. protoqarTvelur

enas, rogorc aRiniSna, urTierToba hqonia protosemiturTanac, es kidev

erTxel amtkicebs lenormanisa da sxva mecnierTa azrs bibliis geneal-

ogiuri cxrilis istoriulobis Sesaxeb, agreTve im azrsac, rom Tavdapirvel


protoqarTvelebs mniSvnelovani adgili eWiraT zemoaRniSnul regionSi.

winareindoevropul, winaresemitur da winareqarTvelur enaTa sistemeb-

is qronologiuri da arealuri urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb weren:

ìndoevropul winare enis arealuri kontaqtebi semitur da qarTvelur

enebTan gamovlenili leqsikur nasesxobaTa masalebiT kargad jdebian semi-

tur da qarTvelur winare enaTa sistemebis qronologiur da arealur

ganawilebaTa CarCoebSi. saerTo semituri enis arseboba unda mivakuTvnoT

periods ara ugvianes IV aTaswleulisa... rac qronologiurad emTxveva

saerTo indoevropuli enis daTariRebas. winaresemituris areali unda

yofiliyo axlo aRmosavleTis gansazRvruli olqi, sadac SeiZleboda hqono-

daT kontaqtebi semitur enebs, rogorc indoevropul winare enaTa sistemebTan,

aseve samxreT kavkasiur (qarTvelur) winare enis sistemasTan~ (T. gamyreliZe,

v. ivanov. ìndoevropeiskii iazik i indoevropeici~ t. II. 1984. s. 380).

p r o t o q a r T v e l u r i e n i s m a t a r e b e l ip r o t o q a r T v e l u r i e n i s m a t a r e b e l ip r o t o q a r T v e l u r i e n i s m a t a r e b e l ip r o t o q a r T v e l u r i e n i s m a t a r e b e l ip r o t o q a r T v e l u r i e n i s m a t a r e b e l i

e T n o s i s g a n s a x l e b ae T n o s i s g a n s a x l e b ae T n o s i s g a n s a x l e b ae T n o s i s g a n s a x l e b ae T n o s i s g a n s a x l e b a

babilonis godolis dacemis Semdeg enaTa aRrevis Sedegad warmoqmnili

Tavdapirveli xalxebi ̀ gafanta ufalma RmerTma dedamiwis zurgze~. Tavda-

pirvel xalxTa Soris, rogorc iTqva, dabadeba asaxelebs qarTvelTa winapre-

bad miCneul Tobelsa da mosoxs. isini sxva xalxebTan erTad, cxadia, unda

wasuliyvnen yvela xalxis saerTo samSoblodan _ mesopotamiidan _ qvey-

nierebis sxvadasxva kideSi, gafantuliyvnen dedamiwaze. SeZles Tu ara

protoqarTvelebma gafantvis Semdeg TavianTi eTnikuri saxis SenarCuneba,

romel qveyanaSi Cans maTi kvali? es sakiTxi yovelTvis ainteresebdaT

eklesiis mamebs, aseve istorikosebs, lingvistebs, bibliis komentatorebs.

Zvel samyaroSi, jer kidev qristeSobamde, espanel da kavkasiel iberebs

erTi warmoSobis xalxad Tvlidnen. Rirsi mama ioane mTawmideli espaneTs

qarTvelebiT dasaxlebulad miiCnevda.

XIII-XIV saukuneTa istorikoss nikifore qsantopuloss, romelsac aqvs

18 wignisagan Semdgari `saeklesio istoria~, miaCnda, rom saqarTvelos

iberebi ìspaniis iberTagan arian gadmosaxlebulni~ (georgika, VII, 1966),

kidev ufro adre qarTvelTa warmoSobis Sesaxeb werdnen eklesiis mamebi.

iberTa, anu qarTvelTa sacxovrisis Sesaxeb mogviTxroben eklesiis istori-

kosebi evsevi kesarieli (260-340), sokrati sqolastikosi, gelasi kesarieli,

rufinusi (IV-V ss.) da sxvebi.

amJamad sabolood damtkicebulia, rom qarTvelebi wina aziis Zvel mkvidr

mosaxleobas ekuTvnian, isini naTesaurad iyvnen dakavSirebulni msoflios

uZveles kulturul mosaxleobasTan, ufro metic, `cnobil mecnierebs fr.


homels, ed. maiers, kiperts, leman-haupts, lenormans, akad. n. mars, akad.

turaevs da sxvebs araerTxel aRuniSnavT, rom qarTveli tomebi memkvidre-

ni arian Sumerebis, xeTebis, mitanelebis, xaldebisa da sxva, romlebic wina

aziis uZvelesi xalxebi iyvnen da romlebmac Seqmnes sakacobrio kultur-

is yvelaze adrindeli kerebi. amgvarive mosazreba ganaviTara da mravalmxrivi

faqtiuri masalebis moSveliebiT kidev ufro daasabuTa Tavis SromebSi

akad. iv. javaxiSvilma~ (S. mesxia, simon janaSia, 1950, gv. 39).

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, enaTmecnierebaSi arsebobs Teoria, romlis Tanax-

madac, indoevropuli fuZe enis matarebeli eTnosi xmelTaSuazRvispireTsa

da wina aziaSi Semovida romeliRac mxridan. manamde es mxareebi (e.i. wina

aziis, pirineis, apeninis, balkaneTis naxevarkunZulebi) dasaxlebulni iyvnen

araindoevropuli enis matarebeli tomebiT. akademikosma Tamaz gamyrel-

iZem, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, wamoayena axali Teoria, romlis Tanaxmadac

indoevropelebi qristeSobamde IV aTaswleulSi wina aziaSi cxovrobdnen,

warmoadgendnen jer kidev aradiferencirebul, mTlian gaerTianebas, romelic

metyvelebda saerTo enaze. Semdgom maTgan warmosdgnen (dayofis Sedegad)

winare italikebi, winare baltielebi, winare germanelebi, indoiranelebi,

xeTebi, momavali slavebi da sxvebi. gansakuTrebiT isaa aRsaniSnavi, rom am

winare indoevropul enas urTierToba hqonia winare qarTvelur da winare

semitur enebTan, amitomac qarTveluri da semituri winare enebidan usesx-

ebia bevri sityva. Tu am Teorias SevadarebT n. maris Teorias, davinaxavT

garkveul msgavsebas. n. maris mixedviT, qarTvelur-kavkasiur-mediteranuli

enebi warmoadgendnen im substrats, romelzedac aRmocendnen da gaiSalnen

indoevropelebi _ `...indoevropelebi arsaidan ar mosulan, aramed isini...

igive iafetelebi arian da indoevropuli enebi iafeturi enebis Semdgomi

safexuri, maTi transformaciaa axal stadiaze~. Tamaz gamyreliZis Tanaxma-

dac, indoevropelebi `arsaidan ar mosulan~, maTi winare samSoblo wina

aziaa, sadac maT urTierToba hqoniaT qarTvelurTan, anu n. maris mixedviT

`iafeturTan~.

indoevropul winareenas, Tanaxmad T. gamyreliZisa, urTierToba hqonia

ara marto winareqarTvelurTan, aramed winaresemiturTanac. n. maris Tanax-

madac qarTvelurs urTierToba hqonia semiturTan. da radganac qarTve-

lurs, anu iafeturs mWidro kavSiri hqonda indoevropulTan, semiturTan

misi dakavSirebiT gamomzeurda enaTa `msoflio kavSiris idea~. n. mari

`...qarTuli da semituri enebis~ naTesaobas cxadyofs da amiT ki msoflio

kavSiris ideas amzeurebs~ (d. karbelaSvili, n. maris saiubileo krebuli,

1934. gv. XVIII).

n. mari ar gamoricxavda kavkasiis iafeturi enebis kavSirurTierTobas

qamitur enebTanac, is ambobda _ ̀ CvenTvis, romlebic iafeturi enaTmecniere-

bis Teoriis mTeli sistemis agebisas amovdivarT iafeturi enebis semitur-


Tan naTesaobis faqtobrivi monacemebidan, gasagebia, gamoricxuli ar aris

kavkasiis Zireuli enebis, e.i. kavkasiis iafeturi enebis, kavSirurTierToba

qamitur enebTan...~. aqedan Cans, rom baskologiaSi adre gamoTqmuli hipoteza

qamitur enebTan baskuris naTesaobisa n. marisaTvis misaRebia (gavixsenoT

magaliTad, hugo Suxardtis debuleba: baskuri enaTesaveba erTsa da imave

dros qarTvelur-kavkasiurs da qamituri modgmis enebs)... (S. ZiZiguri, baskur-

kavkasiuri problema, gv. 65).

n. maris ̀ msoflio kavSiris idea~ qarTulis meSveobiT albaT aseTi saxiT

gamoisaxeba (ix. sqema):

iafetur enaTa ojaxi, n. maris Tanaxmad, moicavda dedamiwis vrcel re-

gions, xmelTaSuazRvispireTs, kavkasias, pamirs, afrikas (d. karbelaSvili,

dasax. naSr. gv. XXXVIII).

marTlac, enaTmecnierebis mniSvnelovani nawili gamowvlilviTi gamokv-

levebis Sedegad ar gamoricxavs qarTulis, anda fuZe qarTveluri enis

kavSirs wina aziis uZveles xalxebTan, SumerebTan, protoxeTebTan, xuritebTan,

aseve pelasgur-etruskul-iberiul enobriv samyarosTan. amitomac unda vi-

fiqroT, rom babilonis godolis dacemis Semdgom protoqarTveluri enis

sem

semituri

qarTvelur-kavkasiur-mediteranistuli

iafet

i a f e t u r i

pelasguri

baskuri

etruskuli

qam

qamituri

indoevropuli


matarebeli eTnosis erTi nawili darCa wina aziaSi, xolo sxvebi gaifant-

nen dedamiwis zurgze, kerZod, dasaxldnen kavkasiaSi, xmelTaSuazRvispire-

Tis qveynebSi, balkaneTSi, apeninisa Tu pirineis naxevarkunZulze. maT, rogorc

enaTmecnierTa monacemebidan Cans, SeunarCunebiaT TavianTi eTnikuri saxe

da garkveul dromde enac.

simon janaSiam pirvelqarTuli eTnosis Sesaxeb Camoayaliba Tavisi kon-

cefcia _ `uZveles droSi, daaxloebiT eqvsi aTasi wlis winaT, wina aziis

uzarmazar miwa-wyalze da samxreT evropaSic (balkaneTi, apeninisa da

pirineis naxevarkunZulebi) erTi modgmis xalxebi cxovrobdnen. Semdeg am

modgmis xalxTa adgilsamyofeli TandaTan izRudeboda. Zv.w.aR-is II aTaswleu-

lis damdegisaTvis wina aziis mkvidri xalxebidan cnobili iyvnen xeTebi

da subarebi. xeTi subarebi qarTvel tomTa winaprebi arian. xeTebi mcire

aziaSi mosaxleobdnen, subarebs ki eWiraT teritoria CrdiloeT mesopota-

miidan moyolebuli kavkasionamde. am xeTa-miTanis samefoebis xanaSi kavkasiis

miwa-wyali xeTur-subaruli modgmis mosaxleobas ekava. ...xeTur-subaruli

mosaxleoba mraval wvril samTavrod daiqsaqsa. xeTur-subaruli tome-

bidan ufro Zlierni yofilan muskebi, mermindeli mesxebi, IX saukuneSi ki

yvelaze energiul brZolebs asurelebs Tubalebi umarTavdnen. Zv.w.aR-is

IX-VII ss. xeTur-subarulma tomebma axali Zlieri saxelmwifo Seqmnes _

urartu. aqve, mezoblad arsebobda xeTur-subaruli samefo mana...~ s. jana-

Sias koncefciam Zlieri gavlena iqonia... samecniero literaturaSi damkvi-

dreba iwyo mis mier Semotanilma terminebma: `xeTur-iberiuli xalxebis

jgufi~ (pireneis iberebi, etruskebi apeninis naxevarkunZulze) balkaneTis

pelazgebi, Sumerebi, xeTebi da subarebi (xuritebi), urartu, muSqebi da

Tabali, qarTvelebi da sxva kavkasieli xalxebi~ da a.S. (g. meliqiSvili,

`qarTvelebi, maTi warmomavlobis sakiTxi~, saq. ist. narkv. I, gv. 327).

simon janaSias Teoria CvenTvis imiTaa saintereso, rom erTmaneTis monaTe-

save ̀ xeTur-iberiuli~ xalxebi wina aziidan, TavianT Tavdapirveli samSob-

lodan gavrcelebulan dasavleTisaken _ afrikis CrdiloeT sanapiroze da

samxreT evropaSi _ `evropaSi am gvartomobis xalxebi win uswrebdnen

Semdeg mosul indoevropelebs, romelTac damxvduri mosaxleobisa da misi

kulturis Zlieri gavlena ganicades. ase iyo pirineis, anu iberiis naxe-

varkunZulze, sadac Zveli iberiuli mosaxleobis STamomavalni, baskebad

wodebulni, dRemde arian SemorCenilni. aseve moxda apeninis naxevarkunZu-

lze, sadac etruskebma Seqmnes italiis uZvelesi civilizacia, romelmac

Semdgom mZlavri zemoqmedeba iqonia romis kulturaze. dasasrul, balkane-

Tis naxevarkunZulze gvian mosul indoevropel berZnebsac pelazgebis

dawinaurebuli mosaxleoba daxvdaT.

am xalxTa mier Seqmnil maRali kulturis keraTagan yvelaze ufro

mniSvnelovnad winaaziuri kerebi unda CaiTvalos. wina aziaSi ...adre Caisaxa


saxelmwifoebrioba. evfratisa da tigrosis auzTa qvemo nawilSi Sumerebma

(Semeberebma) jer kidev Zv.w.aR-is IV aTaswleulSi ganaviTares saqalaqo

cxovreba, safuZveli Cauyares saxelmwifos da gamoigones msoflioSi uZve-

lesi damwerloba _ jer ieroglifuri, xolo Semdgom lursmuli~ (s.

janaSia, Sromebi, t. V, 1987, gv. 20).

damoukideblad imisgan, namdvilad aqvs Tu ara qarTul enas genetikuri

kavSiri wina aziis uZveles enebTan, mecnierTa mier dadasturebulia, rom

xuritebis, xeTebisa da urartuelebis garkveuli nakadi Serwymia qarTvel

ers _ `enobrivi monacemebi cxadyofs, rom qarTvel tomebSi unda gaTqve-

filiyo da qarTveli xalxis SemadgenlobaSi unda Sesuliyo ZvelaRmosav-

luri civilizaciis Semqmneli, samxreTSi mcxovrebi xalxebis (xuritebis,

xeTebis, urartulebis) garkveuli nakadi. amisi nakvalevi Tavs iCens qarTvelTa

enaSi~ (g. meliqiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 357). amdenad qarTvelebs ufleba

aqvT TavianTi Tavi maT memkvidreebad miiCnion.

qristeSobamde III aTaswleulSi saqarTveloSi arsebuli TrialeTis Sua

brinjaos xanis kulturis Zlieri kavSiri Sumerul samyarosTan mkvle-

varebs afiqrebinebs, rom winaaziuri warmoSobis zogierTma tomma saqarTvelo-

Si SemoaRwia (iqve, gv. 353). ̀ TrialeTis kulturas metad mkafio paralele-

bi moepoveba ara marto Crdilo-dasavleT iranis materialur kulturaSi,

aramed xeTur samyaroSic~ (iqve, gv. 354). saerTod TrialeTis kulturis

gamoCenas amierkavkasiaSi ukavSireben xuritebis tomis eqspansias (iqve, gv.

355). arqeologiac emxroba zemomotanil azrs.

dadasturebuli faqtia qarTul-indoevropuli enobrivi siaxlove, Tumca

ki qarTuli enaTa damoukidebel ojaxs ganekuTvneba, es imiTaa saintereso,

rom wina aziis uZvelesi mosaxleoba indoevropelebi aRmoCndnen, qarTvelebs

mWidro kontaqtebi hqoniaT maTTan, imdenad, rom uZveles qarTvelur enas

Zlieri transformacia ganucdia indoevropuli substratis gavleniT.

fiqroben, rom es garemoeba Sedegia im xangrZlivi da mWidro kontaqtebisa,

romelTac adgili unda hqonoda uZveles xanebSi qarTvelur tomebsa da

uZveles indoevropul dialeqtebze molaparake tomebs Soris (g. meliqiS-

vili, dasax. naSr. gv. 345).

yuradRebas ipyrobs garkveuli msgavseba qarTvel da Zvel anatoliur

indoevropul (xeTur, luviur, palaur) enebs Soris (ix. g. giorgaZe, indo-

evropul-qarTul (qarTvelur) enobrivi paralelebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb, saenaT-

mecniero krebuli 1979, gv. 62).

saerTo anatoliuri indoevropuli fuZeenis daSlis procesi dawyebula

gvarovnuli wyobis dros III aTaswleulSi qristeSobamde, anatoliaSive

(iqve, gv. 67). nesitebi TandaTan gavrcelebulan centralur da aRmosavleT

anatoliaSi, romelic manamde dasaxlebuli iyo xeTebis (protoxeTebis)

tomebiT (zogierTi mecnieris azriT, swored protoxeTebs hqoniaT kavSiri


qarTvelebTan). nesitur-xaturi urTierTobis dros, romelic gagrZelda

aseulobiT wlobiT, protoxeTuri ena STanTqa nesiturma, romelmac Tavis

mxriv ganicada garkveuli cvlileba (fonetikaSi, leqsikaSi, morfologia-

Si). Serevis da Sejvarebis Sedegad indoevropelebisa da xeTebis tomebs

Soris Camoyalibda xeTuri eTnosi. daaxloebiT XVII saukuneSi qristemde

Seqmnilma xeTurma samefom mTlianad SeiTvisa protoxeTebis mdidari

tradiciebi (iqve, gv. 67).

Tavis mxriv, xeTur saxelmwifosTan urTierToba unda hqonoda pirvel

qarTul saxelmwifoebs (politikur warmonaqmnebs) _ diauxis (daianis _

asiriuli wyaroebiT) da kulxas _ Woroxisa da dasavleT evfratis yara-

sus raionebSi, sadac ZvelTaganve cxovrobdnen qarTuli tomebi, isinive

iyvnen samxreTuli periferiebi pirvelqarTuli saxelmwifoebisa. arsebobs

safuZveli vifiqroT, rom am olqebSi, SeiZleba samxreTiT an samxreT-

dasavleTiT, ZvelTaganve imyofeboda ZiriTadi teritoria saerTo qarTve-

luri fuZeenis matarebeli tomisa, romlisgan TandaTan gamoiyvnen sxva-

dasxva dialeqturi erTeulebi (svanuri, megruli, Wanuri). ivaraudeba aseve

urTierToba ara xeTebsa da qarTvel tomebs, aramed ufro adre saerTo

anatoliur indoevropul enobriv erTeulsa da saerToqarTuls Soris.

simon janaSia protoxeTebs, anu xatebs qarTvelTa uSualo winaprebad

miiCnevda wina aziis sxva Zvel tomebTan erTad. is werda _ `mTeli wina

aziis teritoria uZveles xanaSi dasaxlebulia iseTi xalxebiT, romelTac

ara aqvT araviTari kavSiri arc indoevropelebTan, arac semitebTan, arc

Turqul-monRolur tomebTan. yvelaze mniSvnelovanni wina aziis am uZve-

les xalxTagan arian sumerebi, xatebi anu xetebi, mitanelebi, urartus

(vanis) qaldebi da sxvebi. swored am xalxebma Seqmnes kacobriobis uZvele-

si kulturuli kera... Semdeg es xalxebi TiTqos qrebian, nuTu ukvalod? ra

Tqma unda ara. sxva tomebis mowolis gamo isini icvlian teritorias da

axal-axal kerebs qmnidnen. yvelaze samxreTiT mdebare raionebidan maT

amoiwies mcire aziasa da mesopotamiaSi, aqedan Savi zRvis samxreT sana-

piroebsa da vanis tbis raionSi, iqidan kidev Tanamedrove amierkavkasiaSi.

satomo saxelebis istoria am mxriv did sayuradRebo masalas Seicavs~ (s.

janaSia, t. III, 1959, gv. 194).

rogorc vxedavT, s. janaSia amierkavkasiis mkvidr mosaxleobas (upirve-

lesad, cxadia, qarTvelebs) miiCnevs adgilmonacvlebuli Sumerebis, xatebis,

mitanelebisa da urartuelebis STamomavlebad. es xalxebi, misi azriT,

saerTo warmoSobisa SeiZleboda yofiliyvnen.

safiqrebelia, rom kavSiri arsebobs xatebis, xaldebis, anu qaldebis,

xalibebis saxelebs Soris. Zveli berZeni mwerlebi pirdapir amboben, rom

xaldebi winaT xalibebad iwodebodneno. Semdeg sayuradReboa, rom xaldebi

cxovrobdnen, rogorc Savi zRvis samxreT sanapiroze, ise vanis tbis garSemo.

cxadia, es erTi xalxis ori Sto unda iyos.


aseve sayuradReboa asurul warwerebSi moxsenebuli muskebisa da kaske-

bis saxelebi. muskebi arian mermindeli mosxebi an mesxebi. kaskebi kidev

kolxebi, rogorc es aRniSnulia ukve prof. iv. javaxiSvilis mier. mesxebisa

da kolxebis ambavi yvelasTvis cnobilia. friad sarwmunoa iberebis kavSi-

ri tibarenebTan da tabal-TobalTan. aseve safiqrebelia, rom termini ̀ qarTve-

li~ dakavSirebulia qald-Tan (iqve, gv. 195).

arnold Ciqobavas daskvniT, rac ufro Sors vixedebiT qarTveluri da

sxva iberiul-kavkasiuri enebis istoriul warsulSi, miT ufro xelSesaxebi

xdeba am enaTa warmoSobiTi kavSiri wina aziisa da SuamdinareTis Zveli

civilizaciis enebTan (urartulTan, huritulTan, xeTurTan, ulamurTan, Sum-

erulTan). S. ZiZiguris azriT, `mecnierebaSi dgas sakiTxi winaelinuri

(pelasgur-anatoliuri) kulturis Semqmnel xalxebTan iberiul-kavkasiuri

enebis kavSiris Sesaxeb. jer kidev adre SeamCnies, rom berZnul enaSi

gamoiyofa fena, romelic ar aixsneba indoevropuli enebis safuZvelze.

maSasadame, es danaleqi unda ganekuTvnebodes xmelTaSua zRvis uZveles

mkvidrTa samyaros... winaberZnuli egeosuri enebis amocnobis gzebi miima-

rTeba iberiul-kavkasiuri enebisaken, kerZod qarTveluri enebis samyaro-

saken~ (baskur-kavkasiuri problema, gv. 51).

egeosuri mosaxleobis istoriis sakiTxebis mkvlevaris, r. gordezianis

azriT, Sexvedrebi iberiul-kavkasiur da egeosur enebs Soris namdvilad

mniSvnelovania, aseve egeosur-anatoliur geografiul saxelebs garegnu-

lad TiTqmis zusti paralelebi aqvT kavkasiurTan, kerZod ki qarTul

toponimikasTan (ix. r. gordeziani, `iliada~ da egeosuri mosaxleobis

istoriisa da eTnogenezis sakiTxebi, 1970, gv. 299-301).

CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxs _ uZvelesi qarTuli eTnosis migracias

xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebSi exeba mecnieri sxva SromaSic _ etruskulis

kavkasiurTan da baskurTan mimarTebisas igi varaudobs, rom Zv.w.aR-is III

aTaswleulis miwurulSi kavkasiidan italiaSi saberZneTis gavliT gada-

saxlebula kavkasiur tomTa erTi nawili, romelsac Seuqmnia e.w. kavkasiuri

substrati Semdgom formirebuli etruskulisaTvis (r. gordeziani, etruskuli

da qarTveluri, 1980, gv. 6).

etruskul-qarTvelur mravalricxovan enobriv paralelebs r. gorde-

ziani akavSirebs xalxTa migraciasTan, `gansakuTrebiT ki kavkasiur tomTa

mZlavr gadasaxlebebTan egeidasa da dasavleT xmelTaSuazRvis auzSi

adre brinjaos xanis dasawyisSi~ (iqve, gv. 6).

misi azriT, e.w. kavkasiur-pelazguri Sre italiaSi qristeSobamde II

aTaswleulSi dawyebul migracias unda Seetana, `isini dakavSirebulni

unda yofiliyvnen e.w. apeninis kulturis damkvidrebasTan italiaSi... Tavis

mxriv TviT Sua heladuri kulturis warmoqmna Cven migvaCnia egeidaSi

kavkasiuri, upiratesad qarTveluri tomebis migraciis Sedegad Zv.w.aR-is II

aTaswleulis damdegs. rogorc irkveva, maT egeosur samyaroSi Semoitanes


aSkarad qarTveluri komponenti, rac winare berZnul enobriv samyaroSi

aTobiT wminda qarTveluri struqturis sityvisa da terminis arsebobiT

dasturdeba, rogorc Cans, es talRa Zv.w.aR-is II aTaswleulis ganmavlobaSi

gavrcelda dasavleT xmelTaSua zRvis auzSi, risi Sedegic unda iyos aq

Suaheladuri tipis kulturebis aRmoceneba da pelazgur-kavkasiuri eno-

brivi elementebis gavrceleba. swored migraciaTa am talRam moumzada,

Cvenis azriT, safuZveli Semdgom formirebul etruskul enas. rogorc Cveni

gamokvlevebis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, pelazgur-qarTveluri elementebi albaT

yvelaze ufro arsebiTia etruskulSi~ (r. gordeziani, etruskuli da qarTve-

luri, gv. 60).

sabolood, albaT unda iTqvas, rom babilonis godolis daqcevis Semdgom

warmoqmnil enaTa da xalxTa Soris arsebobda protoqarTveluri enac, es

cnobilia bibliis uZvelesi komentatorebisTvisac, romelnic iafetis ZeTa

Soris qarTvelTa winaprebsac asaxeleben. protoqarTveluri eTnosi, sak-

maod mravalricxovani yofila, rac iqidan Cans, rom TviT warRvnamdec

kaenis bolo STamomavalTa Soris lameqis Zeebs ewodaT iabeli (IV, 20),

iubali da Tubal-kaeni. mecnierTa erTi nawili, saxelebidan gamomdinare

(aq unda gavixsenoT, rom iafetis Ze Tubali _ qarTvelTa mamamTavrad

iTvleboda) maT miiCnevdnen qarTuli tomebis mosaxeleebad. iabels _ karavSi

mcxovrebTa da mejogeTa mamas, iubals _ meCangeTa da mestvireTa mamas,

Tubal-kaens _ rvalisa da rkinis saWurvelTa mWedels, maTi azriT, saxele-

bi SerqmeviaT ZvelqarTul tomTa saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT. warRvnas

isini ver gadaurCnen, magram maTi saxelebisa da Tobelis saxelis msgavseba

mecnierebs afiqrebinebT, rom protoqarTveluri eTnosi sakmaod mraval-

ricxovani iyo uZveles epoqaSi. godolis daSlis Semdeg, qarTvelTa winaprebi,

rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, gavrcelebulan qveynierebis sxvadasxva kideSi,

SuamdinareTidan _ wina aziasa da kavkasiisaken, xmelTaSuazRvispira qvey-

nebSi, Crdilo afrikaSi. maT yvelgan safuZveli daudviaT Sesabamisi kul-

turebisaTvis, romelnic Semdgom auTvisebiaT sxvebs.

a R T q m a R m e r T i s a e r T a na R T q m a R m e r T i s a e r T a na R T q m a R m e r T i s a e r T a na R T q m a R m e r T i s a e r T a na R T q m a R m e r T i s a e r T a n

dedamiwis zurgze gafantvis Semdgom adamianebma TandaTan daiviwyes

TavianTi winaprebisagan gagonili da naswavli gadmocemebi RmerTze, amas

xels isic uwyobda, rom siSorisa Tu urTierTqiSpis gamo xalxebs Soris

misvla-mosvla da kavSiri Semcirebuli, anda Sewyvetili iyo. WeSmariti

RmerTis daviwyebis Semdgom gavrcelda crumorwmuneoba, zeciuri da qvey-

niuri qmnilebebis Tayvaniscema, amitomac erTi uxilavi RmerTis magier

Tayvani sces mraval cru ̀ RmerTs~, maT gamosaxulebebs _ kerpebs emsaxure-

bodnen da msxverpls swiravdnen maT.


TandaTan kerpTayvanismcemlad iqca msoflios yvela xalxi, amitomac

ufalma ineba dedamiwaze yofiliyo erTi xalxi mainc, romelSic daculi

iqneboda WeSmariti sarwmunoeba, romelsac ecodineboda igi da Tayvans

scemda mas da mxolod mas.

ufalma ineba aseTi eri warmoeSva erTi kacis _ abramis STamomavlobis-

agan. abrami WeSmariti RmerTis madidebeli iyo, warmoSobiT Suamdinareli,

misi mamis samSoblo qveyana iyo qaldea, qalaqi uri. am droisaTvis qaldea

erqva qveyanas tigrossa da evfrats Soris TiTqmis sparseTis yuredan

babilonamde. aq, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, cxovrobdnen sxvadasxva epoqaSi

jer Sumerebi, Semdgom xuritebi da protoqarTvelebis monaTesaved miCneu-

li sxvadasxva tomebi semitebTan erTad. CvenTvis sainteresoa, rom qaldea

ufro mogvianebiT ewodeboda dRevandeli saqarTvelos mezoblad mdebare

qveynebsac _ urartudan pontos CaTvliT gadaSlil mxares. urartuelTa

uzenaes RmerTs `xald~ _ qald ewodeboda da isini TavianT Tavs qalde-

velebad miiCnevdnen. `safiqrebelia, rom termini `qarTveli~ dakavSirebu-

lia qald-Tan da misi meSveobiT, sxva amave Ziris winaaziur uZveles

saxelebTan~, _ werda s. janaSia (t. III, 1959, gv. 195). saxel qaldeas ivane

javaxiSvilic akavSirebda qarTvelebTan. ̀ dakvirvebam dagvarwmuna, rom qarT-

megruli Stos tomebis sakuTar saxelebSi (qarTueli, karduxi) erTi da

igive qveynis saxeli gvxvdeba. igi aris qarTu anu kardu. raki am qveynis

saxeli orive Stos tomebis saxelwodebaSi moipoveba, ueWvelia igi qarTveleb-

is Tavdapirveli samSoblo unda yofiliyo. am samSoblos xsovna mesame

Stos warmomadgenels, svanebsac aqvT SerCenili _ es karTu anu qarTu

ganTqmuli qveyana qaldea aris~ (qarTveli eris istoria, I, 1951, gv. 403-404).

ase rom, qaldea ara marto abraamis winaparTa samSobloa, is qarTvelTa

pirvelsamSoblodac SeiZleba CaiTvalos. aseTi versiis arseboba unda miu-

TiTebdes, rom qaldevelTa qveyana semitebTan erTad albaT qarTvelTa

monaTesave, anda protoqarTveluri tomiTac iyo dasaxlebuli.

rogorc wina Tavidanac Canda, SuamdinareTSi qarTvelTa monaTesave tomebs

qristeSobamde aTaseuli wlebiT adre daculi hqondaT mcire marcvali

WeSmariti sarwmunoebisa. qaldevelTa urSi mcxovreb abrams ki hqonda

Seuryeveli sarwmunoeba RmerTze.

`mohkida xeli Teraxma Tavis Zes abrams, Tavis SviliSvil lots, hara-

nis Zes, Tavis rZals sarais, Tavisi Zis abramis cols da gavidnen erTad

qaldevelTa uridan qanaanis qveyanaSi wasasvlelad. miadgnen xarans da iq

damkvidrnen~ (dab. 11, 31).

qaldevelTa urs, sadac cxovrobda mama abramisa Tarra anu Teraxi, Cveu-

lebriv aigiveben samxreT mesopotamiis qalaq urTan, saidanac is ojaxTan

erTad gadasaxlebula qalaq xarranSi mesopotamiis Crdilo nawilSi. igi

iqve gardaicvala. rogorc aRiniSna, mesopotamiaSi sazogadod saukuneTa


manZilze sxvadasxva xalxebi cxovrobdnen. istorikosTa Tanaxmad, qriste-

Sobamde IV-III aTaswleulSi aq mcxovrebma Sumerebma Seqmnes pirveli qalaqi-

saxelmwifoebi (eridu, uri, uruki, lagaSi, nipuri). Semdgom aq Semodian

semituri tomebi, romlebmac aiTvises SumerTa kultura. qristemde III

aTaswleulSi aq sargon mefem Seqmna erTiani semituri mesopotamiis mom-

cveli saxelmwifo _ aqadi. amave III aTaswleulSi aq SeiWrnen kvlav

semituri _ amorevelTa tomebi, maT mier Seqmnili saxelmwifos dedaqalaqi

iyo babiloni. Zvelbabilonuri saxelmwifos Semqmneladaa miCneuli mefe

xamurabi _ kanonmdebeli. xamurabianTa dinastia daamxes xeTurma tomebma

1530 wels qristeSobamde. II aTaswleulis Sua xanebSi mesopotamiaSi gamoCnd-

nen xuritebi, saxelmwifo miTanis Semqmnelebi. xuritebi, istorikosTa erTi

nawilis Tanaxmad, qarTvelTa winaprebadaa miCneuli, iseve rogorc zogier-

Ti xeTuri tomi da gansakuTrebiT protoxeTebi. abraamis mamis _ Tarras _

qaldevelTa uridan gamosvlis droisaTvis qaldea, marTlac qarTvelTa

winapari tomebiT yofila dasaxlebuli.

msoflio warRvnis Semdeg ufalma RmerTma aRTqma dado, anu kavSiri

Sekra mTel kacobriobasTan _ noes saSualebiT. Semdgom abraamis saSu-

alebiT _ adamianTa TanamonaTesave jgufTan, xolo sinas mTaze ufali

RmerTi daukavSirda mxolod da mxolod erT xalxs, iakobis STamomavlebs

_ israelTa Svilebs. man misca maT kanoni, gadaaqcia is Tavis rCeul erad.

xaranSi yofnisas, abraami (maSin jer kidev abrami erqva) iRebs RvTisagan

brZanebas _ ̀ uTxra ufalma abraams: wadi Seni qveynidan, Seni samSoblodan,

mamaSenis saxlidan im qveyanaSi, romelsac me giCveneb. gaqcev did xalxad,

gakurTxeb da ganvadideb Sens saxels da kurTxeuli iqnebi. vakurTxeb Sens

makurTxebels da davwyevli Sens mawyevars. kurTxeuli iqneba SenSi miwi-

erTa mTeli modgma~ (dab. 12.1-3). ùTxra ufalma abrams mas Semdeg, rac

loti gaeyara: aaxile Tvali da gaixede am adgilidan, sadac Sen dgaxar,

CrdiloeTisaken, samxreTisaken, aRmosavleTisaken da dasavleTisaken. mTeli

es qveyana, rasac xedav, SenTvisa da Seni modgmisaTvis momicia samaradisod.

qviSasaviT uricxvs gavxdi Sens STamomavlobas. Tu vinme SesZlebs qviSis

daTvlas, Seni STamomavlobac daiTvleba~ (dab. 13. 14-16).

Semdgomi sityva aRTqmisa azustebs wina aRTqmebis monacemebs: àm dRes

daudo ufalma aRTqma abrams da uTxra: Seni STamomavlobisaTvis mimicia

es qveyana egviptis mdinaridan did mdinaremde _ evfratis mdinaremde...~

(dab. 15. 18).

Semdeg kidev ufro gamowvlilviTaa Camoyalibebuli _ òTxmocdacxra

wlis iyo abrami, rom gamoecxada ufali abrams da uTxra: me var RmerTi

Zlieri. iare Cems winaSe da sruli iyavi. davdeb aRTqmas Cemsa da Sens

Soris da didad, didad gagamravleb. pirqve daemxo abrami da ase elapar-

aka mas RmerTi: ès me var, da aha, Cemi aRTqmac: ùamrav xalxTa mama


Seiqmnebi! aRar gerqvas ameridan saxelad abrami, aramed abraami iyos Seni

saxeli, radganac uamrav xalxTa mamad gaqcev. didad, didad gagamravleb,

xalxebad gaqcev da mefeni gamovlen Sengan. davdeb aRTqmas Cemsa da Sens

Soris da Sens STamomavalTa Soris Taobidan Taobamde, samaradiso aRTqmas,

rom Seni da Seni STamomavlobis RmerTi viqnebi. mogcem Sen da Sens

STamomavlobas Seni mdgmurobis qveyanas, qanaanis mTels qveyanas, samarad-

iso sakuTrebad da Tqveni RmerTi viqnebi. uTxra RmerTma abraams: oRond

daicaviT Cemi aRTqma Sen da Senma STamomavlobam Taobidan Taobamde~...

(dab. 17. 1-9). aRTqmis piroba iyo winadacveTa abraamisa da misi STamomav-

lobisa. winadacveTiloba iyo niSani RvTis xalxis kuTvnilebisa.

abraami 100 wlisa iyo, roca saram, RvTis dapirebis Tanaxmad, Sva Ze,

romelsac uwodes isaaki. manamde abraams saras nebiT mxeval agarTan

eyola ismaili _ ismaitelTa mamamTavari, aseve xeTTurasTan hyavda _

madiani, madianelTa mamamTavari. isaakma SeirTo rebeka, romelmac Sva tyupi

vaJebi esavi _ edomelTa mamamTavari da iakobi _ israelianTa mamamTavari.

marTalia, esavi pirmSo iyo, magram iakobma Tavisi moxerxebiT miiRo pirm-

Soeba da mamis kurTxevac. amis Semdeg gaeqca esavis risxvas. gaemarTa

mesopotamiaSi, xaranis sanaxebSi, dedis naTesavebTan. gzaze dauRamda, daido

lodi sasTumlad da dawva erT adgils _ `esizmra: miwaze kibe dgas da

TaviT cas swvdeba, uflis angelozebi adi-Camodian kibeze. aha, ufali dgas

kibeze da eubneba: me var ufali RmerTi abraamisa, mamaSenisa da RmerTi

isakisa. es miwa, romelzedac wevxar, SenTvis da Seni STamomavlobisaTvis

momicia. Seni STamomavloba qviSasaviT mravalricxovani iqneba da ganivr-

cobi dasavleTisaken, aRmosavleTisaken, CrdiloeTisaken da samxreTisaken,

SeniTa da Seni STamomavlobiT ikurTxeba miwierTa mTeli modgma. aha,

SenTana var da yvelgan dagifarav, sadac ki waxval, kvlav dagabruneb am

miwaze. ar migatoveb, vidre ar agisruleb yvelafers rac giTxari~ (dab. 28,

12-15). xarranSi iakobs SerTes lia da raxili, maTTan da agreTve maT

mxevlebTan iakobs eyola Tormeti vaJi da erTi qali, maTgan warmoiSva

israelis Tormeti tomi. Tavisi ojaxiT ukan dabrunebisas iakobs `uTxra

RmerTma: iakobia Seni saxeli, aRar gerqmeva amieridan saxelad iakobi,

aramed israeli iqneba Seni saxeli. da uwoda saxelad israeli. uTxra

RmerTma: me var RmerTi yovladZlieri, inayofiere da gamravldi. xalxi da

xalxTa krebuli warmoiSoba Sengan da mefeni gamovlen Seni sazardul-

idan. qveyana, romelic miveci abraams da isaks, SenTvis momicia, Seni STamo-

mavlobisaTvis momicia es qveyana~ (dab. 35, 10-12).

iakobis Zem _ iosebma _ egvipteSi gadidkacebis Semdgom qveynad Camo-

vardnili SimSilobis gamo mamamisi ojaxiT miiwvia maRZar egvipteSi: ̀ uTxra

RmerTma israels Rameul xilvaSi: iakob, iakob! miugo: aqa var. uTxra: me var


RmerTi, RmerTi mamaSenisa. nu geSinia egvipteSi Casvlis, radgan iq gaqcev

did xalxad. me Cagyvebi egvipteSi, meve amogiyvan iqidan da iosebi dagixu-

Wavs Tvalebs sakuTari xeliT~ (dab. 46, 2-3).

egvipteSi Casvlis Semdgom iakobis ojaxi dasaxlda mdidar mxareSi,

ramdenime aseuli wlis Semdgom is iqca did xalxad, magram droTa

viTarebaSi egviptelTa monebi gaxdnen _ ̀ `gamoxda mravali xani da mokvda

egviptis mefe. akvnesdnen mZime Sromisagan israelianebi, gahkiodnen da

miswvda maTi RaRadi RmerTs. moesma RmerTs maTi kvnesa da gaixsena RmerT-

ma abraamTan, isakTan da iakobTan dadebuli aRTqma. moxeda RmerTma israe-

lianebs da icno RmerTma isini~ (gam. 1. 23-25).

gamoiyvana ufalma israelianebi egviptidan da miiyvana aRTqmul qveyanaSi.

xalxis winamZRvroba ufalma daakisra winaswarmetyvelsa da rjulmdebels.

mose Cvilobidanve izrdeboda sasaxleSi. is faraonis qaliSvilis mier

iyo naSvilebi, magram mowifulobisas gamoamJRavna egviptelTa mier da-

Cagruli Tavisi erisadmi siyvaruli da Tavdadeba. am dros mokla zedamxed-

veli egvipteli da iZulebuli gaxda gaqceuliyo egviptidan.

is gaemarTa sinas naxevarkunZulisaken, madiamelTa miwaze, iq SeirTo

coli da mwyemsavda cxvrebs. erTxel cxvari waasxa udabnos iqiT da

miadga RvTis mTas _ xorebs. `gamoecxada uflis angelozi cecxlis alad

Suagul mayvlovanSi. xedavs, cecxli ukidia mayvlovans, magram ar iwvis mayv-

lis buCqi. Tqva mosem, mival da vnaxav am didebul sanaxavs ratom ar iwvis

mayvlovani. dainaxa ufalma rom modis mose sanaxavad da dauZaxa Suagul

mayvlovanidan: mose, mose! miugo _ aqa var. uTxra: axlos nu moxval! gaiZre

fexsamosi, radgan es adgili, sadac Sen dgaxar wmida miwaa. uTxra: me var

mamaSenis RmerTi. saxe daifara mosem, radgan RvTis xilvisa SeeSinda. da Tqva

ufalma: vixile Cagvra Cemi erisa egvipteSi da momesma zedamxedvelebisagan

gamwarebuli RaRadi. raki gavige misi gasaWiri. Camovedi, rom vixsna igi

egviptelTagan da waviyvano mag qveynidan madliansa da vrcel qveyanaSi,

sadac Rvarad moedineba Tafli da rZe, qanaanelTa, xeTelTa, amorevelTa, fer-

izevelTa, xivielTa da iebusevelTa qveyanaSi. ̀ aha, moiwia Cemamde israelianTa

RaRadma da vixile maTi Cagvra, rogor Cagraven maT egviptelebi. axla gagza-

vni faraonTan, rom gamoiyvano egviptidan Cemi eri, israelianebi~ (gam. 3. 2-10).

kvlav uTxra ufalma moses israelianTa Sesaxeb _ ̀ migiReT Cems erad da

viqnebi Tqveni RmerTi. gecodinebaT, rom me var ufali, Tqveni RmerTi,

egviptelTa kirTebisagan Tqveni gamomxsneli~ (gam. 6.7).

amis Semdgom ufali RmerTi `Cems ers~, `Cems xalxs~ uwodebs israe-

lianebs. mosem icoda, rom faraoni uars ityoda egviptidan aseulaTasobiT

muSis, anu ebraelTa gaSvebaze. ufali ambobs _ `ar mogismenT faraoni.

maSin xels movuWer egviptes da didi sasjelebis ZaliT gamoviyvan Cems

krebuls, Cems ers, israelianebs egviptis qveynidan~ (gam. 7.4).


yoveli wardgomis dros mose faraons eubneboda: ̀ ambobs ufali, ebrael-

Ta RmerTi: gauSvi Cemi xalxi, raTa memsaxuron~.

faraoni ar uSvebda ebraelebs, risTvisac aTi saswaulebrivi sasjeliT

daisaja egvipte, romelTa drosac ebraelebi uvnebelni rCebodnen, Tanax-

mad uflis sityvisa _ `gamovarCev Cem xalxs Seni xalxisagan...~ (gam. 8. 23).

isjeboda faraoni, Tumca ufali agebinebda dasjis mizezs: `aqamde abuCad

igdeb Cems ers da ar uSveb~ (gam. 9.17).

ebraelTa gauSveblobisaTvis egviptelebi sastikad daisajnen. Tavzard-

acemulma faraonma gauSva uflis eri. eqvsasi aTasi kaci qalebisa da

bavSvebis garda gaemarTa mewamuli zRvisaken. win miuZRodaT maT ufali,

dRisiT Rrublis svetSi gzis saCveneblad, RamiT cecxlis svetSi gzis

gasanaTeblad. gons mosvlis Semdgom egviptelebi ukan gaekidnen ebraelebs,

mosem RvTis brZanebiT zRva kverTxiT orad gahyo, ebraelebi mSrali zRvis

fskeris gavliT gavidnen meore napiras, faraoni ki Tavisi mxedrebiTa da

etlebiT kvlav kverTxis dakvriT SeerTebulma zRvam daaxrCo.

rogorc aRiniSna, aRTqma _ kavSiri _ ufal RmerTsa da mis ers Soris

egviptidan gamosvlis Semdgom daido.

egviptidan gamosvlis sami Tvis Semdgom mose Tavisi xalxiT miadga

sinais mTas.

`avida RmerTTan mose da mTidan CamosZaxa mas ufalma: ase uTxari iako-

bis saxls da amcne israelianebs: Tqven naxeT, ra davmarTe egviptes, rogor

agitaceT arwivis frTebiT da CemTan migiyvaneT, amieridan Tu SeismenT Cems

sityvas da daicavT Cems aRTqmas, Cems sakuTrebaT gamogarCevT yvela xalx-

isagan, radgan Cemia mTeli qveyana. mRvdelTa samefod da wmida erad

meyolebiT. ai, sityvebi, rac unda uTxra israelianebs~ (gam. 19: 3-6).

yvela xalxisagan gamorCeulobisa da uflis erad qcevisTvis israe-

lianebs unda daecvaT aRTqma uflisa _ SeesminaT misi sityva. `mRvdelTa

samefod da wmida erad~ gamorCevisaTvis israelianebma mzadyofna ganacx-

ades _ ̀ erTxmad miugo erma da uTxra: yvelafers SevasrulebT, rac brZana

ufalma. wauRo mosem ufals xalxis naTqvami~ (gam. 19.8).

ufalma ubrZana moses moemzadebina xalxi RvTis gamocxadebisaTvis. xalxi

ori dRis manZilze iwmendda Tavs, Tavis tansacmels, mosem mTis garSemo

xazi Semoavlo, rogorc ineba RmerTma, raTa mas aravin miaxloveboda sikvdi-

lis SiSiT, rameTu am dros RmerTi mTaze iyo. mesame dRis diliT sinas mTa

RrubliT daifara, daiwyo elva da quxili.

`gamoiyvana banakidan xalxi mosem RvTis Sesaxvedrad da dadgnen mTis

Ziras.

bolavda mTeli sinais mTa, radgan ufali iyo masze Camosuli cecxlis

alSi, rogorc quras, ise asdioda kvamli da Zlierad iryeoda mTa. TandaTan

Zlierdeboda sayviris xma. laparakobda mose da exmianeboda RmerTi~ (gam.

19. 18-20).


RmerTma warmosTqva xalxis gasagonad mcnebebi:

1. Tqva RmerTma yvela es sityva:

2. me var ufali, Tqveni RmerTi, romelmac gamogiyvaneT egviptelTa qvey-

nidan, monobis saxlidan.

3. ar gaiCinoT Cems garda sxva RmerTebi.

4. ar gaikeTo kerpebi, arc rame xati imisa, rac aris maRla caSi, dabla

miwaze da wyalSi, miwis qveS.

5. ar sce Tayvani maT, arc emsaxuro, radgan me var ufali Tqveni RmerTi,

Surismgebeli RmerTi, romelic mamis codvas Svilebs movkiTxav, Cems moZu-

leebs, mesame da meoTxe TaobaSi.

6. aTaswlil sikeTis mzRveli Cems moyvarulTaTvis da Cemi mcnebebis

dammarxvelTaTvis.

7. ar daifico fuWad uflis, Seni RvTis saxeli, radgan dausjeli ar

gadaurCeba ufals misi saxelis fuWad maficari.

8. gaxsovdes SabaTi dRe, rom wmida hyo igi.

9. eqvs dRes imuSave da akeTe Seni saqmeebi.

10. meSvide dRe ki uflis, Seni RvTis SabaTia. ara saqme ar gaakeTo, arc

Sen, arc Senma vaJma, arc asulma, arc Senma ymam, arc Senma mxevalma, arc

Senma pirutyvma, arc Senma mdgmurebma, saxlSi rom gyavs.

11. radgan eqvs dReSi Seqmna ufalma ca da miwa, zRva da yvelaferi, rac

masSia da meSvide dRes Seisvena, amitomac akurTxa ufalma SabaTi dRe da

wmida hyo igi.

12. pativi eci mamas da dedas, raTa dRegrZeli iyo miwaze, romelic

ufals, Sens RmerTs moucia SenTvis.

13. ara kla.

14. ar imruSo.

15. ar iqurdo.

16. ar gamoxvide cru mowmed Seni Tvistomis winaaRmdeg.

17. ar indomo Seni Tvistomis saxli; ar indomo Seni Tvistomis coli,

arc misi yma, arc misi mxevali, arc misi xari, arc misi saxedari, arc

araferi misi qonebidan (gam. 20. 1-17).

rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, ufali RmerTis mier dedamiwaze mcxovreb mraval

xalxTa Soris erTis gamorCeva gamoiwvia kerpTayvanismcemlobis gavr-

celebam _ yvela xalxs daviwyebuli hyavda WeSmariti RmerTi. sarwmunoeb-

is damcvelad ufalma israelianebi amoirCia. marTlac am erma saukuneTa

manZilze SeZlo siwmindiT gadaeca sxvadasxva erebisa da kacobriobi-

saTvis (TviT am erSi ganxorcielebuli RvTis Zis _ ieso qristes mier) _

WeSmariti sarwmunoeba. saerTod eris _ erTi warmoSobisa Tu sxva mxriv

gaerTianebuli xalxis amorCeviT ufalma RmerTma akurTxa kacobriobis

xalxebad, erebad dayofa.


ieso qristes Semdgom yoveli eri, matarebeli marTali sarwmunoebisa,

RvTis xalxad iqca, maT Soris qarTveli eric. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanax-

mad, es momxdara suliwmidis mofenis Semdeg, roca deda RvTisas wilad

xvda iverielTa moqceva. CvenebiT gamocxadebisas macxovari mas eubneba _

`hoi, dedao Cemo, me ar ugulebelvyof yvela xalxze ufro sazepuro qarTv-

el ers maTze Seni meoxebiT~ (q. c. I, gv. 37).

T u b a l i d a m o s o q iT u b a l i d a m o s o q iT u b a l i d a m o s o q iT u b a l i d a m o s o q iT u b a l i d a m o s o q i

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis wmida mamebi, ucxoel saeklesio moR-

vaweTa darad cnobiswadiliT eZiebdnen winaprebs RvTismSoblis wilx-

vedri erisas. dasturi amisa aris leonti mrovel episkoposis da arsen

beris Sromebi qarTvelTa eTnogenezisis Sesaxeb.

arsen berma icis, rom mkiTxvels ainteresebs, _ ̀ Cven, qarTvelni romelTa

naTesavTa Svilni varT~, igi pasuxobs _ `Cven qarTvelni Svilni varT maT

arian-qarTliT gamosulTani da enai maTi `vuwyiT~ (Zv. qarT. agiogr. lit.

Zegl. 1971, III, gv. 46). àrian-qarTliT~ gamosuli xalxi qristeSobamde

dasaxlebula dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi aleqsandre make-

donelis mier, romelsac Cveni qveynis _ e.i. saqarTvelos _ Seneba dauwyia

_ ìwyo Senebad qveyanasa Cvensa, xolo Tanahyva azove, Ze arian-qarTvelTa

mefeTa da misca qveyana es Cveni sameufod da samkvidreblad da gauCina

sazRvari hereTi da egriswyali, somxiTi da mTai crolisai da TviT wavi-

da~ (iqve, gv. 47).

am koncefciis Tanaxmad, mosaxleoba, rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT

saqarTveloisa, STamomavalia àrian-qarTvelebisa~. isini azovem _ àrian-

qarTlis~ mefis Zem, saqarTveloSi Camoasaxla. magram vin iyvnen da sad

cxovrobdnen ̀ arian-qarTvelebi~, sad iyo ̀ arian-qarTli~?

arsebobs meore koncefciac, romelic miewereba leonti mrovel episko-

poss. leontis Tanaxmad, qarTveli eri Camoyalibda saqarTvelos miwa-wy-

alze; qarTvel tomTa eTnarqebi iyvnen qarTlosi, egrosi, herosi da sxvebi.

maTi winapari Targamosi ki samxreTis qveynidan Camosaxlda amierkavkasiaSi.

saerTod Cveni eris, anda misi winapris samxreTidan Camosaxleobis Teoria

bunebrivia, rameTu samSoblo kacobriobisa, Zveli xalxebisa da erebis meso-

potamiaa, saidanac, bibliis Tanaxmad, isini gavrceldnen msoflioSi. yvela

Zveli eri Tavis winapars mesopotamiasa da wina aziaSi eZebda, maT Soris

qarTvelebic, miT umetes, rom wmida werilis Zveli komentatorebi qarTvelTa

anu iberTa winaprebs asaxelebdnen noes uaxloes STamomavalTa Soris.

`dabadebaSi~ noes Zis iafetis STamomavalTa Soris moxseniebuli Tuba-

li da mosoxi _ qarTvelTa winaprebadaa miCneuli rogorc Zvel ise axal

istorikosTa mier.

ioseb flaviusi iafetis Svid ZeTagan oris _ Tubalisa da mosoxis

Sesaxeb wers _ `daamkvidrebs ukue Tovilosca TovilTasa, romel aw ivi-


rad iwodebian. xolo mesqinni, mesxois mier aRSenebulni kahpadukad iwode-

bian...~ (ioseb flaviusi, moTxrobani iudaebrivisa Zuelisityvaobisani, 1987,

gv. 103). iverielTa winaprebad bibliis Tubali miiCneva. `qarTlis cxovre-

ba~ ki, rogorc cnobilia, qarTvelTa winaprebad miiCnevs bibliur Targa-

moss. is ioseb flaviusis Tanaxmad, `RomaroAs~ Zea. misgan warmomavloba

aseTia _ `TorRamis ukue _ TorRamelni, romelni Tnebisagan ellinTaisa

frigvad iwodes~ (iqve, gv. 103).

flaviusi Targamoss frigielTa winaprad miiCnevs, lursmul da iero-

glifur teqstebze dayrdnobiT, `cnobilma germanelma mkvlevarma h. vin-

klerma mecnierulad daasabuTa ZvelberZnuli wyaroebis `frigiisa~ da

sargon II-is (Zv. w. 722-705 ww.), droindeli asuruli teqstebis _ ̀ muSqebis~

qveynis igiveoba (Zveli aRmosavleTis xalxTa istoria, 1988, gv. 252).

maSasadame, `muSqebi~ _ qarTvelTa erTi didi tomi _ Targamoss daukav-

Sirda [Targamos _ frigielni (flaviusiT) _ muSqebi (vinkleriT)].

asuruli teqstebis `tabal~ bibliur TubalTan (septanta, Qobel; zogjer

_ Qober; vlugata _ Thubal) gaigivebulia e. dromes mier (ix. s. janaSia, t. III,

1959, gv. 70).

maSasadame, bibliuri Tubali winaparia _ iberebisa anu qarTvelebisa,

ioseb flaviusis am komentars eTanxmebian da avrcoben Cveni mecnierebi,

rac Seexeba bibliur mosoq-mosoxs, isic qarTvelTa (mesxuri tomis) winaprad

iyo miCneuli, amJamad ki Cven SegviZlia is davukavSiroT ̀ qarTlis cxovre-

bis~ Targamoss (Targamos-frigielni-mesxni) im gziT, rogorc zemoT iyo

gadmocemuli, Targamosi ki, rogorc cnobilia, aRniSnuli qarTuli wyaros

Tanaxmad, ara marto qarTvelTa, aramed somexTa winapradac aris miCneuli

(Targamos _ haos, qarTlos). aq ar SeiZleba ar mogvagondes herodotes

cnoba _ `frigielebs, rogorc makedonielebi amboben, ewodebodaT brigebi

mTeli im xnis ganmavlobaSi, sanam evropelebi iyvnen da makedonielebis

mezoblad cxovrobdnen, xolo aziaSi rom gadavidnen, miwa-wyalTan erTad

saxelic gamoicvales _ frigielebi dairqves. armenielebi, romlebic

frigielebisagan momdinareoben...~ (herodote, istoria I, 1976, gv. 434). ̀ iber~

_ `brig~ saxelebis dakavSireba msgavsi etimologiiT SesaZlebelia.

frigielebs, rogorc aRiniSna, muSqebTan, xolo am ukanasknels mesxebTan

aigiveben.

aRsaniSnavia, rom mesxebs ZvelTaganve mTel qarTul mosaxleobasTan

aigivebdnen, magaliTad, straboni dasavleT saqarTvelos TiTqmis centralur

nawils _ mosxebis qveyanas uwodebs, xolo Crdilokavkasieli tomebi aRmo-

savleT qarTul tomebs _ mesxebs uwodeben. daRestnelebi `avarielebi _

fSav-xevsurebs `mosoxis (anu `mosoqis~) saxeliT icnoben (ix. h. uslar

`avarskii iazik~ 1889, II, gv. 24, 26).


rogorc iTqva, frigielebs (romlisaganac warmomdgaran mesxebi) aseve

`brig“-ebi erqvaT. am sityvis fuZe sagulisxmo igiveobas avlens Tubal-

iberis fuZesTan _ `Tbl~ _ `br~. fuZe _ `brg~ (brig.) da `br~ (ibr) uTuod

msgavsni arian.

s. janaSia bibliis Tubalebsa da mosoqebs erTi warmoSobis urTierTme-

zoblad mcxovreb xalxad miiCnevs.

SemTxveviTi araa, rom Tubali da meSeqi bibliaSi TiTqmis mudam erTad

moixseneba. es SeumCneveli ar darCeniaT bibliis komentatorebs. isini

erTad moixsenebian iafetis ZeTa CamoTvlis dros (ìafetis Zeni: gomeri,

magogi, madai, iavani, Tubali, meSeqi da Tirasi~ (dab. 10.2), aseve ezekielis

mier (32:26; 38:2; 39:1), xSirad ezekieli CrdiloeTis xalxebs Soris agreTve

ixseniebs `gomers Tavis urdoTi, Togarmas saxls...~ (38:6), asiriel mefeTa

analebSi, rogorc aRiniSna, arc Tu iSviaTad ixsenieba Muski da Tabal,

viTarca ori mezobeli erovneba, mcxovrebni kilikiaSi, xolo herodote

ambobs, tibarekebs anu iberianelTa (iberielebi) da mosxebis, kolxeTis ax-

los mcxovrebTa Sesaxeb. mecnierebi Tvlian, rom Tavdapirvelad orive

aRniSnuli erovneba cxovrobda tigrosisa da evfratis saTaveebSi, midiasa

da skviTias Soris, e.i. kolxeTsa da iberiaSi (ix. `tolkovaia biblia~,

peterburgi, 1904-1907 I, gv. 69. komentari).

winaswarmetyveli ezekieli Tubalsa da muSeqs axsenebs sxva Crdiloel

xalxebTan erTad, romelnic codvaTa gamo daisjebian; ezekielze adre

israelis mezoblad mcxovreb did xalxTa dasjis Sesaxeb werda ieremia

winaswarmetyveli. saqme is iyo, winaswarmetyvelebani uSualod Seexeboda

israels, uflis ers, romelic eRirsa aRTqmul miwaze dasaxlebas, magram

daarRvia aRTqma ufalTan sxvadasxva codvaTa gamravlebiT, ris gamoc unda

dasjiliyo aRTqmuli miwidan gadasaxlebiTa da sxva eris monobaSi yofniT.

kerZod, israelianebi qaldevelTa mefe nabuqodonosors unda gadaesax-

lebina babilonSi. ris Semdegac qaldevelebica da sxva Crdiloeli xalx-

ebic daisjebodnen uflis mier. ieremia qadagebda _ àmas ityvis ufali

RmerTi: àha, me movuwodeb da movavlen CrdiloeTis yovel ers da babil-

onis mefes nabuqodonosors, monasa Cemsa, da maT moviyvan am qveyanas da

yovelTa garemos erTa zeda, davaqcev maT da Sevcvli udabnod saukunod, da

iqmnebian es erni monebad babilonis mefisa 70 wel da mis Semdgom me

davsji babilonis mefes da mis ers maTi usjuloebisaTvis da qaldevelT

qveyanasac gadavaqcev udabnod~. marTlac, ebraelebi gadaasaxles babilon-

Si, sadac isini tyveebad iyvnen 70 wels, xolo qaldevelTa babilonis

samefo Semdgom TandaTan udabnod iqca da daviwyebas mieca. winaswar-

metyvelebis Sesabamisad daeca TiTqmis yvela imdroindeli tomebi da

cnobili saxelmwifoebi (igulisxmeba ebraelTa babilonSi tyveobis xana),

daeca da saxelovneba dakarga aTaswleulebis manZilze didebulma egviptem,


rac iwinaswarmetyvela ezekielma _ ̀ adamis Zev, mimarTe piri faraonisaken,

egviptis mefisaken da uwinaswarmetyvele mas da mTel egviptes elaparake

da uTxari, ase ambobs-Tqo ufali RmerTi, aha, Senze var faraono, egviptis

mefev, dido gveleSapo, rom gawolilxar Sens mdinareebSi da ambob Cemia

mdinare, CemTvis Sevqmenio. layuCebSi Canglebs gagiyri, ...mogisvri udabno-

Si Seni mdinareebis TevzebTan erTad... mixvdeba egviptis yvela mcxovrebi,

rom ufali var, radgan lerwmis sayrdeni iyavi israelis xalxisaTvis~

(ezek. 29. 2-4). anda: àdamis Zev, gamarTe godeba faraonze, egviptis mefeze

da uTxari: Wabuk loms hgavdi xalxTa Soris da gveleSapiviT iyavi-Tqo

zRvebSi! irqinebodi Sens mdinareebSi da fexebiT amRvrevdi wylebs, Telav-

di-Tqo maT mdinareebSi. ase ambobs ufali RmerTi: movisvri Senze Cem

saTxevels xalxTa simravleSi da amogaTreven Cemi badiT...~ (32. 1-3).

marTlac, qristeSobamde mexuTe saukunidan, ebraelTa babilonis tyveobis

Semdgom saxelovani egvipte daeca da is umniSvnelo, sxvebze damokidebul

qveynad iqca. msgavsadve asrulda ezekielis winaswarmetyvelebani sxva

xalxebsa da saxelmwifo warmonaqmnebze. daecnen israelTa mtrebi _ yamo-

nianebi (amonitebi) TandaTan daeca finikielTa cnobili tvirosi, rameTu

winaswarmetyvelTa TqmiT, `vaglaxs ambobs ierusalimze, Seimusreba igi _

xalxebis karibWe... gaukacrieldeba~ (iez. 26:2). tvirosi cnobili qalaqi,

saxelmwifos centri iyo, sadac xalxebTan erTad qarTvelTa winaprebic

vaWrobdnen _ ̀ iavani, Tubali da meSeqi iyvnen Seni gamsaReblebi, tyveebs da

spilenZis WurWels gixdidnen saqonelSi, Togormas saxlidan cxenebs, sa-

brZolo raSebs da jorebs gigzavnidnen sanacvlod~ (iez. 27:13-14).

aq qarTvelTa winapari tomebi _ Tubali, meSeqi da Togarma erTad ixse-

niebian, radganac isini mezoblebi da monaTesaveni iyvnen. saukunod daeca

asureTi _ israelis mteri. ìq aris aSuri da mTeli misi krebuli, mis

garSemo misi saflavebi yvelani gangmirulni arian, maxviliT dacemulni~

(32:22).

daeca cnobili elami, edomi, daeca meSeqi da Tubali. maT winaswarmetyve-

li sxva dasjil xalxTa Soris asaxelebs _ ìq aris meSeqi da Tubali da

mTeli misi simravle~ (32:26). isini isjebian maTi mezoblis israelis winaaRm-

deg mtrobis gamo, isjeba TviT israelic, romelic Semdgom ipovis Tavis

TavSi Zalas, aRadgens siyvaruls ufalTan, daicavs aRTqmas da kvlav aRorZ-

indeba, aseve aRorZindeba RvTis mcnebaTa damcveli yoveli dacemuli eri.

marTlac, meSeqis da Tubalis Zveli didebisagan dacema da umniSvnelo

tomad qceva SeumCneveli arc Semdegdroindel istorikosebs darCeniaT.

pirvelqarTvelTa didebuleba, maTi saxelmwifoebi, qalaqebi, kulturis brwy-

invaleba aCrdilad iqca. ivane javaxiSvili wers, rom qristeSobamde 3-4

saukuniT adre qarTvelTa dacemis Sesaxeb _ `Tumca asurul wyaroebSi

Cveni eris maSindeli mdgomareoba dawvrilebiT ar aris aRwerili, magram


IV saukunis qarTveli tomebis yofa-cxovrebas Tu imdroindel mdgomare-

obas SevadarebT, SeuZlebelia mainc ver SevamCnioT, rom CrdiloeTisaken

waweul qarTvelebs cxadi daqveiTeba etyobaT. vazis movlas, Rvinis day-

enebas, saqonlis moSenebas, madneulis damuSavebasa da iaraR-WurWlis ga-

keTebas, marTalia, winandeburad misdevdnen, magram sad iyo winandeli sim-

didre, sasaxleebi, auarebeli ganZi da qoneba, romlis xelSi Cagdebas Tavis

droze asureTis batonebi kvexulobdnen xolme. winaT maT qalaqebi hqondaT,

meoTxe saukuneSi ki salaparakodac ar Rirda, rac iyo isic cixeebs ufro

miagavda, vidre qalaqs, winaT qarTvelebi Zlier da mdidar erad iTvlebod-

nen, aReb-micemobisaTvis Soreul qveynebSi midiodnen da yvelgan saxeli

gavardnili hqondaT. IV saukuneSi ki isini patara-patara tomebad iyvnen

danawilebulni, mamacobis pativi mezoblebSiRa hqondaT SerCenili, msofli-

oSi ki maTi saxeli aRar ismoda...~ (iv. javaxiSvili, t. I, gv. 70).

diax, Cveni eri daeca, ezekielis winaswarmetyveleba Tubalsa, meSeqsa da

Togormaze aRsrulda. ezekieli qristeSobamde VI saukuneSi cxovrobda.

IV saukuneSi qarTvelTa winaprebis Zveli dideba mezoblebs Tu axsovdaT.

Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom maTi saxsenebeli ufalma ar gaaqro, rameTu isini

uflis ers laSqravdnen ara damoukideblad, aramed skviTebis iZulebiT,

romelTac `gogs~ uwodebdnen. is mTavari iyo meSeqisa da Tubalisa, e.i.

kavkasiis iqiT mcxovreb CrdiloeTis xalxebs auZulebia samxreTeli me-

zoblebi _ qarTvelTa winaprebi, elaSqraT `israelis mTebze~. ezekieli

ambobs RvTis sityvas _ ̀ adamianis Zev! iwinaswarmetyvele gogze da Tqvi, ase

ambobs-Tqo ufali RmerTi, aha, Senze var roSis, meSeqis da Tubalis mTavaro,

mogatrialeb, gamogaTrev da wagiyvan CrdiloeTis kideebidan da mogiyvan

israelis mTebze gagagdebineb mSvilds marcxena xelidan da isrebs mar-

jvena xelidan dagayrevineb. israelis mTebze daecemi mTeli Seni urdoi-

anad da xalxTan erTad, Sen rom gaxlavs...~ (ezek. 39: 1-3).

mravali xalxi daisaja, romelTac winaswarmetyvelis piriT amis mizezs

amcnobs ufali _ `raki saukuno mtroba gqonda da maxvils miugde israe-

lianebi maTi gasaWiris Jams, saboloo sasjelis Jams~ (ezek. 35: 5).

qarTvelTa winaprebi dasjilan imis mier, visi xeliTac daisajnen israe-

lianebi; mefe nabuqodonosoris mier datyvevebul da gadasaxlebul iqnen

ucxo qveynebSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom nabuqodonosors, zogierTi Zveli istori-

kosis azriT, ara marto ebraelTa gadasaxleba miewereba, aramed qarTvelTa

gadasaxlebac samxreTis qveynebidan ufro CrdiloeTiT.

qristeSobamde IV-III saukunis berZeni mwerali, geografi da istoriko-

si nabuqodonosors axsenebs viTarca iberielTa Zveli saxelmwifos damp-

yrobels.

`nabuqodonosorma, romelic herakleze ufro Zlieri iyo, mas Semdeg rac

saomari jari Sekriba, miaRwia libielTa qveyanaSi da iberTa qveyanaSi,


ajoba maT, gaacamtvera da daimorCila, erTi wili maTgani gadaadgila man

pontos zRvis marjvena mxareze, iq daasaxla~ (georgika, 1961, gv. 30). evsevi

kesarieli wers _ ̀ agreTve megasTene ambobs Tavis ̀ indoeTis~ meoTxe wignSi,

romelSic mogviTxrobs amis win moxsenebuli babilonelTa mefis Sesaxeb,

rom is simamaciT da sagmiro saqmeebiT herakles aRemateboda, imdenad aRemate-

boda, rom libiis da iberiis meti wili, ambobs igi, daipyroo~ (iqve, gv. 30).

am cnobiT nabuqodonosors daumorCilebia da daupyria mTeli iberiis

saxelmwifo, romelic samxreTiT libiasTan mdebareobda, auyria qarTvele-

bi da gadmousaxlebia Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze, anu kolxeTsa da

Semdgomdroindel lazikaSi. es momxdara qristeSobamde VI saukuneSi.

megasTenis aRniSnul cnobas imeoreben Semdegi drois istorikosebi mara-

bas-katina (I s.), mose xorenaci (V s.) da sxvebi.

nabuqodonosors qaldeelTa mefec erqva.

qveynis saxelwodebam `qaldeam~ aTaswleulTa manZilze adgili wainacv-

la samxreTidan CrdiloeTisaken, Sumerebidan _ qarTvelebamde. nabuq-

odonosori, qaldeuri babilonis yvelaze cnobili mefe asurelTagan ax-

lad ganTavisuflebul samSoblos saTaveSi Caudga 604 wlisaTvis da 562

wlamde marTavda mas.

nabuqodonosors hqonia RvTis siyvaruli (babilonSi 53 didi taZari da

asobiT samlocvelo arsebobda). man xelaxla aaSena daqceuli babiloni,

taZarTa da sataZro nagebobaTa aSeneba misi umTavresi sazrunavi iyo. maT-

ken iyo mimarTuli saxelganTqmuli babilonis saprocesio gzebi, romleb-

sac mTel sigrZeze feradi (lurj-cisferi) Wiquri miyveboda, maTze gamoy-

vanili yviTelfafriani TeTri lomebiT, xarebiTa Tu gveleSapebiT. qaldeel-

Ta mefe dauRalavi mSenebeli iyo. misi xeliT ineba ufalma ierusalimis

dasja, sadac 597 wels gailaSqra, iudeis mefe ioakimi ojaxiTa da war-

CinebulebiT babilonSi gadaasaxla, ierusalimis umdidresi taZris ganZTan

erTad. male, ezekielis winaswarmetyvelebis Sesabamisad, nabuqodonosorma

kvlav aiRo ajanyebuli ierusalimi 587 wels, gaZarcva, dawva, aTasobiT

iudeveli gadaasaxles babilonSi, risTvisac aTwleulTa Semdgom TviT

babilonic daisaja. uflisagan gandgoma iyo mizezi ebraelTa datyvevebisa,

rogorc ieremia winaswarmetyveli wers _ `iyo uflis sityva Cems momarT

naTqvami: wadi da yurSi CasZaxe ierusalims: ase ambobs-Tqo ufali: me

maxsovs Seni ymawviluri erTguleba da patarZluri siyvaruli, roca mo-

myvebodi udabnoSi, uxnav-uTes miwaze. uflis siwmidea israeli, misi mosav-

lis naTavari. yoveli misi mWameli dadanaSauldeba, ubedureba daatydeba

Tavs, ambobs ufali. ismine uflis sityva iakobis saxlo da israelis

saxlis yovelo sagvareulov! ase ambobs ufali: ra naxa CemSi cudi Tqvenma

mama-papam, rom ganmidga, amaoebas rom ahyva da Tavadac amaoebaSi Caeflao?..

ar uTqvams mRvdlebs, sad ariso ufali, rjulis kacebma ar micnes, mwyemsebi


gamidgnen, winaswarmetyvelni baalis saxeliT giqadageben da usargeblo

kerpebs akeTeben, amitomac kidev meqneba TqvenTan dava... kargad gamoikvlieT,

naxeT, Tu sadme momxdara amgvari rame. Tu Seucvlia romelime xalxs

Tavisi RmerTebi, Tumca ar yofilan isini RmerTebi. Cemma erma ki usargeblo

kerpebze gadacvala Tavisi dideba~ (ier. 2, 1-11). israelma ori danaSauli

Caidina, _ ambobs ufali ieremias azriT: miatoves RmerTi _ cocxali

wyarosTvali da axali wylis Zebna daiwyes _ e.i. cru RmerTebis Zieba (ier.

2.13). israelma amiT miatova uflis saxlis Sviloba, ris gamoc iqca nadav-

lad mbrdRvinavi lomebisaTvis, romlebic udabnod uqceven qveyanas, gada-

wvaven da gaaukacrieleben mis qalaqebs (2,15).

`radgan ase ambobs cabaoT ufali: gaCexeT xe da daaxvaveT ierusalimis

irgvliv. unda daisajos es qalaqi! savsea ZaladobiT. rogorc WaSi grovdeba

wyali, ase dagrovda masSi boroteba. Zaladoba da Zarcva ismis iq. sneule-

ba da Wrilobebia. Cems winaSe mudam frTxilad iyavi ierusalimo, ar miga-

tovos Cemma sulma, ar gadagaqcioT udabnod, ukacriel qveynad... radgan

pataridan didamde yvela momxveWelia, winaswarmetyvelidan mRvdelamde

yvela yalbismqmneli. zereled mkurnaloben Cemi eris Wrilobebs. amboben

mSvidobaao, mSvidoba! Tumca ar aris mSvidoba. gana ar rcxveniaT, sibilwes

rom Cadian? ara! sulac ar rcxveniaT, amitomac daecemian dacemulTa Soris,

waiforxileben, roca davsji maT, _ ambobs ufali~ (ier. 6.6-15).

ieremias RvTis sityvis gancxadebisaTvis simarTliT Seuracxyofili brbo

emuqreboda, cils swamebda da eswrafoda mis daRupvas. ukeTuri qceviT

datanjuli winaswarmetyveli wyevlida Tavis dabadebis dRes, magram sima-

rTlis Tqmas ganagrZobda. man pirdapir uTxra mis dilegSi Camgdeb erT

mRvdels: ̀ ase ambobs ufali: aha, SiSis zars dagcem Sen da Sens megobrebs.

daecemian isini mtrebis maxvilisagan da Seni TvaliT ixilav amas. babilonel-

Ta mefis xelSi Cavagdeb mTels iudas. gadaasaxlebs maT babilonSi da

maxviliT amoswyvets~ (ier. 20,4).

winaswarmetyvelis sityvisamebr babilonis mefe nabuqodonosori gars

Semoadga ierusalims. ieremiam ganucxada iudeas mefes: `...ambobs ufali _

Cavagdeb cidkias, iudas mefes da mis morCilebs, xalxs da yvelas... nabuq-

odonosoris, babilonis mefis xelSi...~ (21.7).

marTlac, aRsrulda winaswarmetyveleba. israelianebi babilonSi gada-

asaxles, ieremia godebda: ̀ rogor marto darCa qalaqi, odesRac xalxmrava-

li, zis qvrivi qaliviT, xalxTa qalbatoni da mxareTa dedofali moxarke

Seiqmna. tiris RamRamobiT, Rawvebze cremli sdis, aravin hyavs nugeSinismce-

meli, yvelam uRalata, mtrad gadaekidnen megobrebi~ (godeba, I: 1-2). ̀ aRasru-

la ufalma ganzraxuli, aaxdina Tavisi naTqvami, rac hqonda nabrZanebi

ZvelTaganve, daaqcia da ar Seibrala. mteri gaaxara Senze, rqa aRumaRla

Sens duSmanebs... yrian quCis mtverSi ymawvili da moxuci, Cemi qalwulebi


da moymeebi maxviliT daecnen; daxoce Seni risxvis dRes, dakali, ar dain-

de~ (2.17,21).

nabuqodonosorma daatyveva da gadaasaxla ebraeli xalxi, masve, rogorc

ukve aRiniSna, Zvel istorikosTa cnobebiT, daulaSqravs qarTvelTa saxelm-

wifo, sadRac samxreTSi mdebare, dautyvevebia qarTveloba da gadausax-

lebia CrdiloeTis qveyanaSi, Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze. israel

dedaTa darad tirodnen albaT qarTveli dedebic, magram maTi godebis

aRmweri aravin iyo, Cans, maT Soris ar hyavda ufals gamorCeuli erTguli.

isini am droisaTvis kerpTmsaxurni iyvnen, WeSmariti RmerTi mxolod eqvsa-

si wlis Semdeg Seicnes andria mociqulis qadagebis meSveobiT.

aq oriode sityviT unda iTqvas imis Sesaxebac, rom rCeul erTan, romelic

aRTqmis darRvevisaTvis samarTlianad daisaja, ufalma kvlav ganaaxla Tavisi

aRTqma. babilonis tyveoba dasrulda. ebraelebi aRTqmul miwaze dabrund-

nen. qarTvelebi ki, Tuki vendobiT Zvel istorikosTa cnobas maTi samxreTidan

CrdiloeTSi gadasaxlebis Sesaxeb, dafuZdnen axal qveyanaSi, uwodes mas

Tavisi saxeli saqarTvelo. Tumca, simon janaSias dakvirvebiT, kavkasia ZvelT-

aganve samSoblo iyo qarTvelebis, iseve rogorc wina aziis zogierTi re-

gioni. am droisaTvis moxda ara qarTvelTa gadasaxleba, aramed samxreTidan

CrdiloeTisaken gadainacvles maTma politikurma centrebma. ese igi,

samxreTidan CrdiloeTiT gadasaxlda mxolod politikuri elita. yovel

SemTxvevaSi Tubalisa da meSeqis Zveli dideba saukuno warsulad iqca.

maTi adgili ìberma~ daiWira.

i b e r ii b e r ii b e r ii b e r ii b e r i

ezekielis piriT gamoTqmuli winaswarmetyvelebis kiTxvisas _ ùTxari,

ase ambobs-Tqo ufali RmerTi: aha, Senze var gog, roSis, muSeqis da Tubalis

mTavaro! gagabruneb da ybaSi Cangals amogdeb... Togormas saxls Crdilo-

eTs kideebidan mTeli Tavisi urdoTi, uricxvi xalxiTurT SenTan erTad~ _

gvaxsendeba s. janaSias sityvebi _ ùeWvelia, rom VI-I saukuneebSi Cvens

welTaRricxvamde qarTvelobam didi zarali ganicada. am xanaSi Semcirda

qarTveli tomebis mosaxleoba da masTan erTad am tomebma Tavisi msoflio-

istoriuli poziciebi dahkarges~ (s. janaSia, t. V, 1987, gv. 212).

raRa darCa erT dros pirineidan pamiramde ganfenili (n. mari) qarTve-

luri eTnosidan?

qristeSobamde ramdenime saukuniT adre qarTveluri warmoSobis xalxe-

bi iqcnen mcire tomebad, daemxo maTi erT dros saxelovani saxelmwifoebi.

TavianTi ubedurebisa da gaWirvebis dros ramdenime nakadad moaSures

kavkasias, sadac egulebodaT saxelmwifoebrivi gaerTianeba maTi monaTesave

qarTuli tomebisa _ saxelganTqmuli kolxeTi. marTalia, kolxeTis Zlierebis


xana (qristeSobamde IX-VIII ss.) am droisaTvis ganvlili iyo, magram is

mainc fexze idga da bunebrivi sazRvrebisagan daculs Zlieri mtrebic

naklebad hyavda. momavali saqarTvelosaken moiwevdnen tibaranebad qceu-

li Tubalebi, mesxebad qceuli muSqebi, axla mcire tomebad qceuli qalde-

velebi anu xalibebi, karduxebi. herodotes Tanaxmad, wina aziaSi amierkavkasi-

isken cxovrobdnen Semdegi tomebi _ mosxebi, tibaranebi, makronebi, mosinike-

bi, kolxebi, alarodielebi, saspeirebi. is erT momentTan dakavSirebiT wers

_ `mosxebs Tavze xis muzaradebi exuraT. patara farebi da Subebi hqon-

daT... laSqrobdnen tibaranebi, makronebi da mosinikebi, romlebic mosxebiv-

iT iyvnen aRWurvilni... kolxebs Tavze xis muzaradebi hqondaT... alarodi-

elebi da saspeirebi kolxebis msgavsad SeiaraRebulni laSqrobdnen~ (hero-

dote, istoria, II, 434). rogorc Cans, qarTuli tomebi im droisaTvis kidev

ufro mravalricxovani iyo.

`vrcel miwa-wyalze mcire aziasa, samxreT evropasa da CrdiloeT af-

rikis sanapiroze mcxovrebi qarTuli gvartomobis xalxebi~ (s. janaSia)

aRniSnuli droisaTvis kavkasiaSi SeyuJul tomebad iyvnen qceulni, magram

ufal RmerTs isini ar dauviwyebia. misca Zala, raTa CamoeyalibebinaT

erTiani ̀ qarTlis samefod~ cnobili saxelmwifo. Sehkra isini erTian erad

da imis Semdeg, rac dedamiwaze mosuli Ze RvTisa, WeSmariti RmerTi amaRl-

da, eCvena deda RvTisas da uTxra qarTveli eris Sesaxeb: _ `hoi, dedao

Cemo, ara ugulebel vyo eri igi sazepuro ufros yovelTa naTesavTa, meox-

ebiTa SeniTa maTTvis (`qarTlis cxovreba~, t. I, gv. 38) uflis rCeul erad

iqca, yvela qristemoyvare eris msgavsad.

am siyvarulis niSnad pirvel saukuneSive Cvenma erma miiRo zeciT qso-

vili kvarTi uflisa, erTiani, mTliani da daunawevrebeli, niSnad imisa rom

`sazepuro eri~ mis wiaRSi Senaxul kvarTis msgavsad samaradJamod, mis

meored mosvlamde, erTiani, mTliani da daunawevrebeli unda darCeniliyo,

Tuki qristianobas daicavda. ufalma aTeul tomebad qceuli qarTuli

eTnosi qristeSobamde 3-4 saukuniT adre erTian erad aqcia erovnuli

saxelmwifos daarsebiT. erTian qarTul saxelmwifos `qarTlis samefos~,

xolo ucxoelebi iberias uwodebdnen, ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ Tanaxmad, misi

dasavleTi sazRvari egriswyalze gadioda, ase rom, is moicavda aRmosav-

leT, samxreT da dasavleT saqarTvelos. am saxelmwifos xalxi erTian

erad SekavSirda da mas `qarTvelni~ ewodebodaT. aqve isic unda iTqvas,

erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos sazRvrebs gareT, samxreTSi aRmoCndnen mraval-

ricxovani qarTuli tomebi. qarTuli tomebi agreTve cxovrobdnen egrisw-

yalTan gamavali sazRvris gadaRmac da aseve aRmosavleTiT _ albaneTis

mimarTulebiT.

rogorc iTqva, gansakuTrebiT mravali qarTuli tomi aRmoCnda qarTuli

saxelmwifos gareT _ Savi zRvis sanapiro mxareSi, romelsac qaldeas, anda

WaneTs uwodebdnen.


aRsaniSnavia, rom erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos daarsebam mefe far-

navazis epoqaSi, faqtobrivad gamoiwvia qarTuli eTnosis orad gayofa,

kerZod, erTi nawili aRmoCnda Tavis erovnul saxelmwifoSi, xolo meore

nawili samxreT-dasavleTiT aRmoCnda sxva saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi. am

mdgomareobam xeli Seuwyo saerTo qarTuli enis diferenciacia-danawevre-

bis gaRrmavebas. amis mizezi iyo is, rom jer kidev farnavazis saxelmwifos

Seqmnamde saukuneebiT adre kolxuri kultura moicavda ara marto dasavleT

saqarTvelos, aramed aRmosavleTis umetes nawils. kolxuri kulturis ar-

ealze ki, rogorc miiCneva, gavrcelebuli iyo fuZe qarTuli enis diferenci-

aciis Sedegad miRebuli, jer kidev gauyofeli e.w. zan-qarTuli ena.

Zveli kolxeTi mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelos ar moicavda, masSi aRmo-

savleT da samxreT saqarTvelos didi nawili Sedioda. kolxeTi kavkasiaSi

qarTuli tomebis gamarTianebeli iyo. herodotes aRweridanac Cans, rom

samxreT kavkasiur samyaroSi or qarTul toms aqvs hegemonoba Tavis Tavze

aRebuli, kolxebsa da mosxebs. kerZod, laSqrobisas (anu politikuri moR-

vaweobisas) mosxebTan erTad molaSqre tibaranebi, makronebi da mosinikebi

mosxebiviT arian aRWurvilni, xolo kolxebTan erTad myofi alarodielebi

da saspeirebi kolxebiviT SeiaraRebulni. mosxebi da kolxebi ki warm-

marTvelebad Canan. magram mosxebs qristeSobamde VI saukuneSi mcxovrebi

berZeni avtori hekatos mileteli ̀ kolxur tomad~ miiCnevs, anu mesxebi da

kolxebi erTi xalxia, zogadi saxelia kolxi, maSasadame, kolxeTi, kolxuri

kultura da yovelive, rac Zvel kolxeTTanaa dakavSirebuli, aris ara

dasavleT saqarTvelos lokaluri kultura, aramed zogad-qarTuli eTno-

sisa, yvela qarTveluri tomisa, es Seexeba enasac. Zvel-kolxuri ena unda

iyos im droisaTvis sustad diferencirebuli fuZe qarTulidan gamoyo-

fili, e.w. zan-qarTuli (jer kidev dauSleli) ena.

g. meliqiSvili wers _ ̀ mosxebs Zv.w.aR-is VI s-is berZeni avtori hekatos

mileteli ̀ kolxur toms~ eZaxis. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom mesxuri elemen-

ti mudam qarTebis elements emTxveva, `kolxurs~ aq dasavlurqarTulis

mniSvnelobas ver mivaniWebT, radgan, rogorc iTqva, Zveli legendaruli

kolxeTis arsebobis xanaSi (Zv.w.aR-is I aTaswleulis pirveli saukuneebi)

kolxeTi jer kidev sustad diferencirebul qarTvelur eTnikur jgufs

moicavda. am dros megrel-Wanebsa da qarTebs Soris enobrivi gansxvaveba,

yovel SemTxvevaSi jer ar unda yofiliyo. amitomac `kolxi~ saxeli am

uZveles xanaSi saerTo qarTveluri, Tu qarTi-zanuri (megrul-Wanuri) ele-

mentis aRmniSvneli unda yofiliyo. ionieli berZnebi qarTvel tomebs jer

kidev qarTul-zanuri erTobis arsebobis ̀ kolxur~ xanaSi gaecnen da ̀ kolxi~

saxelsac, unda vifiqroT, am erTobis aRsaniSnavad xmarobdnen. amitomac

mosxebis `kolxur tomad~ moxsenieba hekatos miletelTan, saerTod, maT

qarTvelobaze miuTiTebs da megrul-Wanur warmomavlobaze arafers lapar-

akobs~ (saq. ist. narkv, I, gv. 395).


erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos formirebis epoqa, romelic, cxadia, ramde-

nadme win uswrebda farnavazis xanas (IV-III ss. qristeSobamde) xasiaTdebo-

da didi cvlilelebebiT... kerZod, am dros VIII-VI saukuneebSi kolxuri

kulturis arealSi samxreTidan Semovidnen sxvadasxva qarTveluri tomebi,

rac gamoiwvevda Zvrebs, mniSvnelovan gadanacvlebebs.

rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, am drois qarTveluri jgufis ZiriTadi kultura

swored `kolxuri kultura~ unda yofiliyo (ix. iqve, gv. 431). `akad. b.

kuftinis azriT, `kolxuri kulturis~ gavrcelebis sazRvari Tavdapirve-

lad mcxeTamde aRwevda. dRevandeli samxreT oseTis mosaxleobac gviani

brinjaos xanaSi mWidrod ukavSirdeboda `kolxuri kulturis~ zonis mo-

saxleobas... akad. s. janaSia xazs usvamda im garemoebas, rom qarTli, kerZod,

istoriuli Sida qarTli, is teritoria unda iyos, sadac gvian brinjaos

xanaSi xdeboda aRmosavlur da dasavlur kulturaTa gavrcelebis sazRvrebis

urTierTkveTa~ (iqve, gv. 432).

kolxuri kulturis areali vrceldeboda araTu Tanamedrove saqarTve-

los umetes nawilze, aramed Crdilo kavkasiaSic da vrclad samxreTis

mimarTulebiTac _ ̀ aseTia, magaliTad, upirveles yovlisa Crdilo oseTi da

yabardo-balyareTi mTavari qedis miRma, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos vrceli

zoli mdinare mtkvris CrdiloeTiT, mesxeTidan vidre aragvis xeobamde.

istoriuli samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelo Woroxis auzi da ufro dasav-

leTiT Savi zRvis sanapiro, yovel SemTxvevaSi qalaq ordumde mainc.

aRarafers vambobT CvenTvis saintereso tipis calkeul nivTebze, rom-

lebic aRmoCenilia somxeTis teritoriaze (axtala-lalvaris midamoebi,

golovino, parkari, leninakani) da urmiis tbis raionSi~ (iqve, gv. 255).

Tanamedrove CrdiloeT somxeTi, yovel SemTxvevaSi bambakis mTis Crdil-

oeTiT mtkvris auzSi moqceuli teritoria, istoriulad, aTaswleulTa man-

Zilze saqarTveloSi Semaval miwa-wylad, samxreT-aRmosavleT mxared miiC-

neoda, amitomac aq kolxuri kulturisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli nivTebis aR-

moCena unda CavTvaloT mtkvris samxreTiT kolxuri kulturis gavlenis

gavrcelebad. rogorc Cans, kolxuri kultura vrceldeboda Woroxisa da

saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamaval mtkvris auzebSi, aseve dasavleT

saqarTveloSi. sad mdebareobda centri, bude kolxuri kulturisa? _ miC-

neulia, rom is mdebareobda dasavleT saqarTveloSi. `rogorc araerT

mkvlevars aRuniSnavs, TviT dasavleT saqarTvelo am kulturis ZiriTadi

bude unda iyos~ (iqve, gv. 256), magram ratom ar SeiZleba es bude aRmosav-

leT saqarTveloSi yofiliyo, vTqvaT mtkvris xeobaSi (istoriul diaoxTan,

Semdegdroindel taosTan, klarjeTTan), anda Woroxis xeobaSi, sadac zogi-

erTi mkvlevari metalurgiis centrebis arsebobas varaudobs? safiqrelia,

rom bude kolxuri kulturisa mdebareobda rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosav-

leT saqarTveloSi, is erTiani kulturaa da ara lokaluri romelime


kuTxisa. marTalia, jerjerobiT ucnobia, vrceldeboda Tu ara kolxuri

kultura mcxeTis aRmosavleTiT, magram, ZvelqarTul wyaroTa Tanaxmad, aRniS-

nuli mimarTulebiT teritoriebi dasaxlebuli iyo qarTuli tomebiT (qarTlis

cxovrebaSi asaxulia, rom aq saxlobdnen qarTlosis uSualo STamomavalni).

kolxuri kulturis am arealSi gauvrceleblobis Sesaxeb ki unda gavimeo-

roT g. meliqiSvilis naTqvami: `ra Tqma unda, savaldebulo ar aris, rom

materialuri kulturis esa Tu is are zustad emTxveodes ama Tu im

eTnikuri jgufis gavrcelebis sazRvrebs~, (iqve, gv. 432).

yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sruliad unda daveTanxmoT g.

meliqiSvils _ qristeSobamde pirveli aTaswleulis pirvel naxevarSi sax-

eli `kolxi~ saerTo qarTveluri, anu zan-qarTuli (qarT-zanuri) elementis

aRmniSvneli unda yofiliyo. saxeli ̀ kolxi~ sustad diferencirebul qarTul

eTnikur erTobas moicavda (amitomac uwodebdnen `mosxebs~ _ kolxebs).

rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, qristeSobamde VIII saukunis Semdgom kolxuri

kulturis arealSi didi cvlilebebi moxda, CrdiloeTidan SemoiWrnen

kimerielebi, maT daarbies kolxeTi, xolo samxreTidan TandaTan Semosula

sxvadasxva qarTuli tomebi. es qarTuli tomebi erT dros warmoadgendnen

cnobil xalxebs TavianTi saxelmwifoebiT, maT gaaCndaT didi politikuri

kultura, amitomac Semosvlis Semdgom sakmaod male moaxdines damxvedri

tomebis konsolidacia da Camoayalibes `qarTlis samefo~ _ axali qarTu-

li saxelmwifo. s. janaSias Tanaxmad, samxreTiT mdebare qarTuli saxelmwi-

foebis gaqrobis Semdeg politikurma centrebma CrdiloeTiT, dRevandeli

saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze gadmoinacvla. amas, rogorc aRiniSna, xeli Seuw-

yo Zveli kolxuri samefos ganadgurebam kimerielTa mier. am Semosevis

Semdgom, rogorc fiqroben, kolxeTis (am SemTxvevaSi dasavleT saqarTve-

los) mosaxleobis nawili momxdurebTan brZolaSi gamwydara, gadarCenilebs

mezobel kuTxeebSi SeufarebiaT Tavi.

samxreTidan CrdiloeTiT qarTuli tomebis Semosvlas, anu politikuri

centrebis gadmonacvlebas garkveulad gamoucocxlebia Zveli kolxeTi.

samefoc Camoyalibda, saqme is iyo, rom kolxebi da Semosuli tomebi, rogorc

aRiniSna, erTi eTnosi, erTi warmoSobis xalxi iyo. ase, magaliTad, s. janaSia

fiqrobda, rom kolxuri brinjaos kultura SeiZleboda Tubalebis (Tobe-

lis) kultura yofiliyo.

s. janaSia bibliaSi naxseneb iafetis Ze Tubals da kaenis STamomavlebs

_ Tubal-kaens, iabels, iubals ase akavSirebda kolxebTan (da iberebTan):

`CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxis Sesaxeb bibliis ori sxvadasxvagvari cnobis

SeTanxmeba Zneli ar unda iyos. is garemoeba, rom erT SemTxvevaSi Tubali

martoa dasaxelebuli, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi mas Zmebic hyavs _ Aabali

da Aubali, Cveni azriT im garemoebas mowmobs, rom pirvelad xalxi mTliani

saxiTaa warmodgenili, meored ki _ Tavisi mTavari tomebis saxiT. advilad


aixsneba Tubalis ori saxelic _ Tubal-kaeni da Tobeli: `kain~ `keni~ aq

epiTetia, romelic, saTanado semituri Ziris saSualebiT `mWedels~ aRniS-

navs, Tubali xom upiratesad mWedeli da metalurgia, SesaZlebelia isic (n.

mari, iv. javaxiSvili), rom aq gvqondes saTanado satomo saxelis gaazrebac

(`kaenebs~, rogorc vnaxeT, ixseniebs pliniusi da SemdegSi cnobilni arian

Wanni _ okaenitebic). dabadebis meoTxe Tavis cnobaSi sayuradReboa fuZis

axali formebi, romlebic Cven winaT ar Segvxvedria _ Tavkiduri T//t-s

nacvlad _ A. es, ueWvelia, axali safexuria am saxelis ganviTarebaSi. am

cnobiT mocemuli Sesatyvisobani: T//t _ h//A-0 safuZvels aZleven iv. javax-

iSvilis da i. yifSiZes Tubal-Tabali da iberi, Sualedi rgolebiT, erTma-

neTs daukavSiron. prof. iv. javaxiSvili amasTanave gamoTqvams mosazrebas,

rom tabal _ qarTebis gamoTqmaa, tubal _ tobal _ megrul-Wanuri, xolo

tibar svanur gamoTqmas uaxlovdebao. sakmarisia movigonoT asuruli cno-

ba tabalebis 24 samefos arsebobis Sesaxeb, rom paraleluri formebis

aseTi simdidre savsebiT bunebrivad miviCnioT da sxva dakarguli forme-

bic vivaraudoT. dasasrul, movigonoT, rogor axasiaTebs am qarTvelur

moZme tomebs `SesaqmeTa wignis~ avtori. Tobelis, anu Tubal-kaenis Sesaxeb

aq naTqvamia: `ese iyo kveriT xuroA, mWedeli rvalisa da rkinisa~ (IV, 22).

Tu amas davukavSirebT Tanamedrove arqeologis mier dadgenil faqts, rom

brinjaos SesaniSnavi kultura, romelsac winaT yobanis kulturas eZaxdnen,

namdvilad kolxeTis kulturaa, rom am kulturis ayvavebis xana swored

Tabal-Tubalis epoqaze modis, rom kolxuri brinjaos kultura, uaxlesi

aRmoCenebiT vrceldeba Sors samxreTiT mcire aziisaken (vgulisxmobT

arTvinisa da ordus ganZebs), maSin bunebrivad SeiZleba davsvaT sakiTxi:

xom ar aris kolxuri brinjaos kultura namdvilad Tubalebis, anu Tubal-

kainebis kultura?~ (s. janaSia, III, 1959, gv. 71-73).

ase akavSirebda s. janaSia Tubals kolxTan da iberTan, xolo mesxebs

kolxebTan qristeSobamdec akavSirebdnen.

anTropologiurad aRniSnul xanaSi mTeli kavkasiis mosaxleoba erTg-

varovani yofila. m. abduSeliSvili wers _ ̀ amrigad, mTeli kavkasiis brin-

jaos xanis mosaxleoba ekuTvnoda erT anTropologiur tips, romelic

zogad rasobriv sistematikaSi samxreT-evropeiduli rasis xmelTa-

SuazRvispiruli tipis saxeliT aris cnobili. saqarTvelos gvian brin-

jaos da Semdgom rkinis farTo aTvisebis periodis mosaxleoba anTr-

opologiuri TvalsazrisiT tipobrivad ar gansxvavdeboda erTmaneTisagan.

rac gamoricxavs raime axali, adgilobrivisagan gansxvavebuli elementebis

Semosvlas sakvlev teritoriaze drois aRniSnul monakveTSi~ (`qarTveli

xalxis anTropologiuri istoria~).

anTropologiuri, kulturuli, enobrivi da sxva msgavsi erToba unda

yofiliyo mizezi imisa, rom qristeSobamde VI saukuneSi aRorZinebul kolx-


eTis samefoSi, romelic amjerad mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelos moicavda,

ganfenili iyo samxreTidan Semosulad miCneuli e.w. mesxuri tomebi. dasav-

leT saqarTvelos aRmosavleTi provinciebi da aseve rionis samxreTiTac

moqceuli miwa-wyali, ZvelTaganve msgavsi elementebiT Cans dasaxlebuli.

`samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze SemoRweuli mcireazieli muSqebi

(mesxebi), Cans, aqtiur rols asrulebdnen am mxaris politikur cxovrebaSi...

SemdegSi aqedan kidev ufro CrdiloeTiT gavrceldnen. mesxuri samosax-

loni unda gaCeniliyo rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi...

damaxasiaTebelia, rom mcireaziuli warmoSobis saxelwodebebi umkvidrde-

ba ara marto Sida qarTlis miwa-wyalze aRmocenebul cixe-qalaqebs, aramed

dasavleT saqarTvelos aRmosavleT raionebSi warmoSobil zog amgvar

centrsac... mcireaziuli elementis politikuri hegemonoba vrceldeba mesxeTs,

Sida qarTlsa da sxvaTa Soris, agreTve dasavleT saqarTvelos aRmosav-

leT nawilzec. es is teritoriebia, sadac mimdinareobda adgilobrivi

qarTis da mcire aziidan SemoRweuli mesxuri elementis wiaRSi aRmosav-

lur qarTuli (qarTlis, iberiis) saxelmwifos Camoyalibeba~ (saq. ist.

narkv, I, gv. 397).

unda vifiqroT, rom kolxeTis samefos (VI-IV ss.) wiaRSive safuZveli

eyreboda axal erTian qarTlis saxelmwifos, farnavazis mier daarsebuls.

amas unda miuTiTebdes, wyaroTa Cveneba imis Sesaxeb, rom farnavazis winamorbe-

di (samefo taxtze) azoni ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed

dasavleT saqarTvelosac marTavda. qristeSobamde VI saukuneSi samxreT-

aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTSi (istoriuli kolxeTis samxreT raionebSi)

mcxovrebi mosaxleoba sparselebma daimorCiles. am adgilebSi 401 wels

gaiara qsenofontem. misi aRweriT, adgilobrivi tomebi ukve ganviTare-

bulni iyvnen. karduxebi, xalibebi, xaldebi, makronebi, kolxebi, mosinikebi,

koitebi da tibarenebi ar emorCilebodnen sparseTs. aRsaniSnavia, rom is

`kolxebs~ uwodebs ara rionis xeobaSi mcxovreb mosaxleobas, aramed tra-

pezuntis midamoebSi mcxovrebT. daaxloebiT am dros (ramdenadme gvian-

del periods) exeba qarTuli wyaro ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaA~, romlis Tanaxma-

dac, samxreTSi _ wina aziaSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis elita `arian-qarT-

lis~ mefe azovem gadmoasaxla da ganasaxla sruliad saqarTveloSi, maT

Soris rionisa da enguris xeobebSic, vidre egris wylamde. Tu es wyaro

sworia, maSin rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTvelos yovel kuTx-

eSi aqamde kolxuri kulturis arealSi mcxovreb qarTvelobas Serevia

samxreTidan gadmosaxlebuli qarTveloba da Semdegdroindeli qarTuli

tomebi Tanabari xarisxiT maTi memkvidreni arian. Tumca, rogorc aRniSnu-

li wyarodan Cans, unda vivaraudoT, rom `arian-qarTlis~ mefem sruliad

saqarTveloSi ganasaxla ara raime mniSvnelovani raodenobiT mosaxleoba,

am sityvis sruli gagebiT, aramed mxolod mmarTveli zeda fena, aznaur-


Tavisufali mcirericxovani mmarTveli zeda fena. pavle ingoroyvas mier

aRdgenili Txzulebis teqstSi ikiTxeba qarTvelTa gadmosaxlebis Sesaxeb

_ `xolo ese azoA warvida àrian-qarTlad~ mamisa Tvisisa da warmoiyvana

aTasi saxli mdabioA uflisaA da aTni saxli mamamZuZeTani~ (p. ingoroyva, t.

4, gv. 515, 1978 w.). aq `mamamZuZe niSnavs mTavars, aseve unda vifiqroT, rom

`mdabioA uflisaA~ ufalTan, anu mefesTan daaxloebul pirebs ewodebaT,

arseni beri Sesabamis teqstSi gadmoscems, rom azom arian qarTlidan

moiyvana aTasi saxli `mdabioA uflisaA~ da aTi saxli `mTavarTagan~. sul

moyvanilia aTas aTi saxli. `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ miaCnia, rom aRniSnuli

mosaxleobis STamomavalni arian qarTvelebi, rom maT maleve Seqmnes sax-

elmwifo, magram SeuZlebelia aTas aT ojaxs Seeqmna uzarmazari, zRvidan

albaneTamde gadaWimuli saxelmwifo, cxadia, aTas aTi saxli warmoadgenda

zeda fenas, anu saxelmwifos dvritas, mmarTvel aparats, wyobilebis xerxe-

mals. es aris swored is, razedac miuTiTebda simon janaSia. misi Teoriis

Tanaxmad, moxda ara mosaxleobis masiuri gadasaxleba, aramed qarTuli

politikuri centrebis gadanacvleba samxreTidan CrdiloeTisaken. anu iqamde

kolxuri kulturis arealSi mcxovrebi qarTveloba aaxlebs Tavis saxelm-

wifoebriv wyobilebas. ufro maRali saxelmwifoebrivi organizaciisa da

kulturis mqone samxreTuli qarTuli zedafenis meoxebiT maT Camoayal-

ibes `qarTlis samefo~ (anu iberiisa), aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos

gamaerTianebeli saxelmwifo. swored zeda fena rom movida, amis anarekli

Cans `qarTlis cxovrebaSic~. am Txzulebis mixedviT azo _ dampyrobelia,

makedoneli, romelsac hyavs ̀ asi aTasi romaeli~, romlis ZaliTac xelisu-

fleba aqvs damyarebuli qarTvelobaze. `moqcevaAs~ mixedviT, rogorc vic-

iT, azos Tan mohyva ̀ aTasi saxli mdabio~, _ ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT

ki ̀ asi aTasi~ romaeli. unda vigulisxmoT, rom Tavis mxriv ̀ saxlic~ Tavis

qveS gulisxmobs SeiaraRebuli mebrZolebis (anu brZolisunariani mamaka-

cebis) _ aramcire raodenobas. Tu gvian saukuneebSic ki `komlSi~ 20-mde

mamakacs gulisxmobdnen, qristeSobamde, roca ojaxebi gauyofelni iyvnen,

`saxlSi~ uTuod didi raodenobis mamakacebi unda igulisxmebodes. Tu

mocemul ricxvebs àsi aTasi~ da àTas saxls~ erTmaneTs SevadarebT,

SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom erT ̀ saxls~ asamde SeiaraRebuli mamakacis gamoy-

vana SeeZlo. sad daasaxla azom Semoyvanili mosaxleoba, anu romel qvey-

anas Cauyara man safuZveli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT _ ìgi imor-

Cilebs qarTlTan erTad hereTs da, amrigad, avrcelebs Tavis xelisufle-

bas mdinare berdujidan (dRevandeli debeda) vidre `speris zRvamde (e.i.

Sav zRvamde), ipyrobs agreTve dasavleT saqarTvelos (egriss), xarks adebs

osebs, lekebs da xazarebs~ (narkv. gv. 438). `moqcevaAs~ mixedviT, azo

Semoiyvana aleqsandre makedonelma. ai, rogor sazRvrebSi moaqcia misi


qveyana _ `da Tana hyvanda aleqsandres mefesa azo, ZeA arian qarTlisa

mefisa da mas miuboZa mcxeTaA sajdomad da sazRvari daudva mas hereTi

da egris wyali da somxiTi da mTa crolisa da warvida~ (Zv. qarT. ag. lit.

Zegl. t. I, 1964, gv. 81).

am wyaros Tanaxmadac, azo _ dasavleT saqarTvelos sruli mpyrobelia,

vidre egriswylamde, maSasadame, mas Tavisi àTasi saxli~ mdabioni, xolo,

Cveni azriT, Tavisi sayrdeni xelisufalni, unda gaenawilebina mTel samar-

Tav teritoriaze, rogorc dasavleT, aseve aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. cxa-

dia, moxdeboda damxvdurebisa da momsvlelebis Serwyma, amitomac Semdgomi

drois mematianeni TavianT Tavs (e.i.qarTvelobas) Tvlidnen _ ̀ arian qarTl-

idan~ mosuli qarTvelobis memkvidreebad.

swrafad urTierTSerwymas xeli albaT imanac Seuwyo, rom momsvlelnic

da damxvdurnic erTi eTnosisani, erTi warmoSobisani iyvnen. `wmida ninos

cxovrebis~ zemoxsenebul arsen beriseul variantSi naTqvamia, rom Cven,

qarTvelebi am arian-qarTlidan gadmosaxlebulTa STamomavlebi varTo.

igivea naTqvami ̀ moqcevaAs~ ufro Zvel, Satberdiseul xelnawerSi. armazis

mTaze mdgomi gacisa da gas kerpebis aRwerisas nino ambobs, rom isini

iyvnen Tqveni (qarTvelTa) àrian-qarTleli~ mamebis (e.i. winaprebis) Rm-

erTebi. mefe miriani, mimarTavs ra ninos, amave gacisa da gas eZaxis `Cveni

mamebis (winaprebis) Zvel RmerTebs~ (narkv. gv. 438).

yovelive zemoaRniSnuliT Cven imis Tqma gvsurs, rom farnavazis mier

Seqmnili saxelmwifos mdgradoba gamowveuli iyo mosaxleobis erTg-

varovnebiT, Tumca ki, erTi SexedviT, saxelmwifos sazRvrebs SigniT egrisw-

ylidan da Savi zRvidan somxeT-albaneTamde arsebobda tomTa siWrele,

magram saxelmwifom es tomebi Sekra, erad aqcia, amitomac, Cveni matianeebi

aTaswleulTa manZilze yovelgvari yoymanis gareSe Cveni saxelmwifos

rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT nawilSi mcxovreb mosaxleobas qarTvelebs

uwodebdnen, ucxoelebi ki iberebs. sxvadasxva qarTuli tomebis erTian

xalxad gadaqcevas xeli uTuod imanac Seuwyo, rom saxelmwifos Camoyal-

ibebis dros qarTuli fuZe-enis daSlis xarisxi didi ar iyo. tomebis enebi

axlos iyvnen erTmaneTTan, e.w. qarTebisa, zanebisa da svanebis enebi, cxadia, am

oriaTas xuTasi wlis win erTmaneTis mimarT dialeqtebs warmoadgendnen.

isini damoukidebel enebad Camoyalibdnen Semdgom, safiqrebelia mas Sem-

deg, rac farnavazis mier Seqmnili saxelmwifo daiSala (igulisxmeba vax-

tang gorgaslis SvilTa dros). qristeSobamde IV saukuneSi, jer kidev

farnavazis saxelmwifos warmoSobamde, pirvelad iqna moxsenebuli iberTa

saxeli ucxour mwerlobaSi. rogorc Cans, qarTvelebi iberTa saxelwodebiT

pirvelad moixsenies platonma da aristotelem. s.janaSia wers _ `platoni

Tavis `kanonebSi~, ixseniebs ìberebs~ im `meomar xalxTa~ Soris, romelnic

svamen uwylo Rvinos. aristotele ki ambobs _ ìberebis~ meomari xalxi


saflavis garSemo imden sars arWoben xolme, ramdeni mteric mokluli hyavs

micvalebulso~. safiqrebelia, rom aq qarTvelebi igulisxmebian, magram gada-

WriT amis TqmisaTvis damatebiTi masalaa saWiro~ (s.janaSia, t. III, gv. 48).

oriode saukuniT adre herodotesTvis ucnobi iyo es sityva _ iberi,

rogorc Cans, is sxvagvarad gamoiTqmoda im dros, _ sasperebad. herodote

erTi modgmis sasperebsa da kolxebs ixseniebs aseve erTi modgmis sparselebsa

da midielebTan erTad. es ukanasknelnic Semdgom erT xalxad iqcnen. swored

aRniSnuli ori modgmis xalxi _ sparsuli (sparsel-midielni) da qarTuli

(kolx-sasperebi) cxovrobdnen uzarmazar teritoriaze _ sparseTis yuresa

(wiTeli zRva) da Sav zRvas Soris. _ ̀ sparsebi cxovroben samxreTis zRvam-

de, romelic `wiTlad~ iwodeboda. maT zemoT CrdiloeTisaken cxovroben

midielebi, midielebis zemoT _ sasperebi, sasperebis zemoT _ kolxebi, Crdi-

loeTis zRvamde, romelsac erTvis mdinare fazisi. es oTxi xalxi cxov-

robs zRvidan zRvamde~.

sasperebs, rogorc Cans, faqtobrivad eWiraT adgili urartuelebisa, romel-

Ta politikuri centrebi VI saukunisaTvis ukve ganadgurebuli iyo midi-

elTa da skviTTa mier, Tumca, rogorc Cans, sasperebi CrdiloeTis (momavali

aRmosavleT iberiis) teritoriasac moicavdnen. CrdiloeTis aRniSnuli

teritoriebi, Tavis droze nawilobriv kolxuri kulturis arealSi Se-

diodnen. aq unda gavixsenoT isic, rom Semdgomi drois avtorTa Tanaxmad,

iberielebi mdinare araqsamde cxovrobdnen. sasperebis Seviwroeba arme-

nielTa tomebis Semosvlam gamoiwvia yofili urartus teritoriaze.

s. janaSias saxeli ̀ iberi~ gamohyavda terminebidan _ subar-sasperi-sper.

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom mas ukavSirebda bibliis Tubalsa da

Tobels.

`CvenTvis saintereso satomo saxelis fuZis, zemoT, dokumenturad, damow-

mebuli Tu kanonzomierad aRdgenili variantebi _ tibar, taber, tabar,

tiber, hiber, iber da am saxelwodebaTa matarebeli tomebis gavrcelebis

are, gansakuTrebiT mcire aziis Sinagani olqebi, aucileblobiT da savsebiT

damarwmuneblad ukavSirdeba, erTi mxriT, ̀ dabadebis~ Tubalsa da Tobels,

meore mxriv, asuruli warwerebis tabals (rogorc Cveulebriv sweren) anu

Tabals. `dabadebis~ faqtebi, ukve didi xania, rac specialur ganmartebis

sagnad iqca. jer kidev cnobili swavluli ebraeli ioseb flabiosi (I s.,

ax.w.aR-iT) amtkicebda, rom iafetis Svilis Tubal-Tobelis STamomavalni

mis dros iberebad iwodebodnen... SemdgomSi flabioss xSirad imeorebdnen

Zveli mwerlebi, gansakuTrebiT, bibliur genealogiaTa ganmmartebelni, ma-

gram axalma mecnierebamac es debuleba TiTqmis uyoymanod miiRo~ (s.janaSia,

III, gv. 63).

davamatebT, rom `Tubals~ da misgan nawarmoeb `tibarenis~ ukavSireben

kolxebsac da lazebsac. amiT kidev erTxel xazi esmeba kolxebisa da


iberebis erT eTnikur mTlianobas _ ̀ straboniT, jer kidev pirvel saukune-

Si mTeli mxare kolxeTis dasavleTiT md. Ralisis SesarTavamde iwodebo-

da tibaraniad da dasaxlebuli iyo tibaranuli tomebiT. bizantiuri,

ZvelqarTuli da Zvelsomxuri cnobebiT ki viciT, rom am miwa-wyals Sua

saukuneebis mTel manZilze ewodeboda kolxida, lazika (lazeTi), xaldia

da (dasavleT ganapiras) Waniki...~ (s. janaSia, t. V, gv. 49). bibliuri Tubalis

STamomavalni arian iberebi, rogorc aRmosavleT ise dasavleT saqarTveloSi.

iberebi ewodaT dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobasac _ kolxebsac, er-

Tiani saxelmwifos Seqmnis Semdgom. am saxelmwifos mTeli mosaxleobis

saxelis tibaran TobelebTan dakavSireba swored amis Sesaxeb metyvelebs.

qarTvelni, anu iberni iafetis Zis STamomavalni arian, wilxvedri yovlad-

wmida RvTismSoblisa, nakurTxni uflis mier.

a l a l i d a a r a m i ( u r a r t u d a a r m e n i a )a l a l i d a a r a m i ( u r a r t u d a a r m e n i a )a l a l i d a a r a m i ( u r a r t u d a a r m e n i a )a l a l i d a a r a m i ( u r a r t u d a a r m e n i a )a l a l i d a a r a m i ( u r a r t u d a a r m e n i a )

arsebobda Teoria, romlis Tanaxmadac, saberZneTSi, italiasa da xmelT-

aSuazRvispireTis zogi sxva regionis uZvelesi mcxovrebni pelasgebi, etruske-

bi, iberebi da sxvebi kavkasielebTan, SumerebTan, elamelebTan, xeTebTan, urar-

tuelebTan erTad ganekuTvnebodnen `xalxTa alarodiul ojaxs~. maT

akuTvnebdnen qarTvelebsac. faqtobrivad, aRniSnuli Teoriis gaRrmavebas

warmoadgens amJamad miRebuli Tvalsazrisi iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa ojax-

is SesaZlo naTesaobis Sesaxeb xuritulTan (aqedan urartulTan), protox-

eTurTan, elamurTan. es enebi Turme avlenen zogierT saerTo niSans grama-

tikul wyobaSi. s. janaSia urartuelebs, romelTac xaldebs (TavianT sax-

els) uwodebda _ qarTvelTa uSualo winaprebad miiCnevda. ̀ xaldebis eTni-

kuri vinaoba sruliad ueWvelia, isini qarTveli xalxis erT nawils Sead-

gendnen~, _ werda is (s. janaSia, t. V, 1987, gv. 35). s.janaSia faqtobrivad

aviTarebs Cveni eklesiis wmindanis ilia marTlis (WavWavaZis) Tvalsazriss

urartuelTa Sesaxeb.

`diax, batonebo, urartelni qarTvelTa winaparni yofilan, qarTvelTa

sisxl-xorci eri yofila... Cven usabuTod ar vambobT urartelebis qarTvelo-

bas~ (i. WavWavaZe, Txz., t. V, 1987, gv. 84).

urartuelebs IX-VI saukuneebSi samxreT amierkavkasiasa da mis momij-

nave teritoriebze gaaCndaT TavianTi damwerloba, religia, TavisTavadi

kultura, xelovneba, uZlieresi saxelmwifo, romelic qristeSobamde VII-VI

saukuneebSi dasustda da sabolood daeca midielTa xeliT. urartueli

xalxi usaxelmwifod darCa, uZlieresi mtrebi swored eTnikur urartuelebs

devnidnen. yvela gadamTieli batonad iqca maT qveyanaSi.

`urartus samefos dacemis Semdeg mis dasavleT periferiaze gaaqtiurd-

nen somexi tomebi. maT TandaTanobiT iwyes aRmosavleTiT winsvla da Zveli


urartus mTel rig raions daeuflnen. Zv.w.aR-is VI saukunis bolos spar-

sul warwerebSi Zveli urartu ukve àrminad~ iwodeba, xolo es saxeli

TandaTan ucxoelTa wreSi swored somxebs ukavSirdeba. amaSi gamoxatule-

ba hpova urartus ZiriTad raionebSi somxebis hegemonobis damyarebis

faqtma. urartus mosaxleobis erTi nawili amasobaSi somexTa wreSi gaiTqvifa...

ra Tqma unda, yvelaferi es nel-nela xdeboda, xangrZlivi, mravalsaukuno-

vani procesi iyo. urartuelT ucbad ar daukargavT Tavisi sakuTari tomo-

brioba, Tavisi ena, kultura, eTnikuri individualoba. sainteresoa, rom

swored Zveli urartus teritoria igulisxmeba sparseTis XVIII satrapia-

Si (olqSi), romelSic, Zv.w.aR-is V s-is berZeni avtoris herodotes cnobiT,

Sediodnen alarodiebi, matienebi da sasperebi. amaTgan alarodi, ueWvelia,

Zvel urartelebs gulisxmobs _ saxeli àlarodi~ (ararodi) odnav sax-

ecvlili igive ùrartua~. es saxeli SemorCa dRes araratis mTas, romel-

sac adgilobrivi somxuri mosaxleoba `masiss~ uwodebs (Zv. aRm. xalxTa

istoria, gv. 359).

urartuelTa saxeli qarTvelTa mexsierebas àlalis~ saxiT unda Semoe-

naxa. amis safuZveli iqneboda isic, rom berZnebic urartuelebs _ alar-

odebs, alalodebs uwodebdnen.

_ movses xorenaci, mama somxuri istoriografiisa, arams somxur tomebs

uwodebs, is wers _ `rogorc yvelasaTvis cnobilia, garSemo mobinadre

xalxebi Cvens qveyanas dRemde aramis saxelis mixedviT eZaxian~ (`somxeTis

istoria~, 1984 w., gv. 77).

àrami~ _ somexTa ramdenime eTnarqis saxelia xorenacis mixedviT. somexTa

mamamTavrebis genealogia aseTia _ ̀ iafetma Sva gameri, gamerma Sva Tirasi,

Tirasma Sva Torgomi, Torgomma Sva amasia, amasiam Sva gelami, gelamma Sva

harma, harmam Sva arami, aramma Sva ara mSvenieri~ (iqve, gv. 62).

rogorc vxedavT, maT Soris ̀ arami~ ramdenimes hqvia, mxolod sxvadasxva

variaciebiT. amitomac SeiZleba Zvel cnobierebaSi somxeTis saxeli _

arams daukavSirda. alali da arami xalxebi Cveni mezoblebi iyvnen, maT

erTmaneTTan araviTari naTesauri kavSiri ar hqonia ilia WavWavaZisa da

sxva mecnierTa mosazrebiT. lenormanio, wers ilia, urartuelebs qarTvelebad

da qarTvelTa monaTesaveebad miiCnevs da ara somxebis `romelTanac urar-

tuelebs araviTari naTesaoba ara aqvT~ (i. WavWavaZe, Txz., t. V, gv. 88).

yovelive zemomoyvanili sainteresoa Cveni eklesiis ierarqisa da mema-

tianis, leonti mroveli episkoposis qarTvel eTnarqTa genealogiis ganx-

ilvisaTvis.

`qarTlis cxovreba~, SeiZleba iTqvas, somexTa xsenebiT iwyeba, ̀ pirvelad

vaxsenoT ese, rameTu somexTa da qarTvelTa, ranTa da movaknelTa, herTa da

lekTa, megrelTa da kavkasianelTa _ amaT TvisTa erTi iyo mama, saxeliT

Targamos. ese Targamos iyo Ze TarSisi, Ziswuli iafeTisi, Zisa noesi~

(qarTlis cxovreba, t. I, gv. 3).


mrovelis mier gadmocemuli genealogiiT, Targamosis STamomavloba aseT-

ia: ̀ pirvelsa erqva haos, meoresa qarTlos, mesamesa bardos, meoTxesa movakan,

mexuTesa lek, meeqvsesa heros, meSvidesa kavkas, mervesa egros~ (iqve, gv. 4).

Tu erTmaneTs SevadarebT xorenacisa da mrovelis mier gadmocemul

genealogiur siebs, aseT suraTs miviRebT:

xorenaciT: mroveliT:

iafeti _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ iafeti

gameri _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ iafetis Ze

Tarasi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TarSi

Torgomi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Targamos

haiki _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ haos, qarTlos da a.S.

xorenacis Torgomi, rogorc mrovelis Targamosi, iafetis STamomavalia,

mrovels (iseve, rogorc xorenacis) Targamosis Zed miaCnia haos anu haiki.

gansxvaveba isaa, rom qarTveli episkoposis azriT, Targamoss rva Ze hyavda,

xolo somexi qeTxudis (rjulis maswavleblis) azriT, _ erTi Ze.

xorenaciT mroveliT

Torgomi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Targamosi

haiki haos, qarTlos, bardos, movakan, lek, heros,

kavkas, egros

sruliad aSkaraa _ leonti mroveli an xorenacis genealogiiT sarge-

blobs da umatebs mas saxelebs qarTveli eTnarqebisas, anda xorenaci

iyenebs romeliRac Zvel genealogias, sadac Targamosi kavkasielebis

mamamTavradaa gamoyvanili, magram ar asaxelebs Targamosis sxva Zeebs,

garda haosisa. amgvari qmedebebis mizezs TviTonve asaxelebs, oRond ̀ saRvTo

rjulis~ magaliTis moSveliebiT _ ̀ saqme isaa, rom saRvTo werili gamohy-

ofs Tavisianebs, Tavis sakuTar ers. xolo sxvebs, viTraca uRirsT da Seu-

racxT, ugulebelyofs, maTi STamomavlobis Sesaxeb arafers ambobs~ (movses

xorenaci `somxeTis istoria~, gv. 63).

Tu saRmrTo werilic ki ar asaxelebda eTnarqebs, aramed mxolod ̀ Tavisian-

ebs~, Tavis sakuTari eris eTnarqebs gamohyofda da sxvebs ugulebelhyofda, e.i.

ar asaxelebda, srulebiT araa gasakviri, rom xorenacs ar daesaxelebina

Targamosis sxva STamomavlebi, garda haosisa _ somexTa eTnarqisa, miT umetes

rom mas kavkasiis sxva erebi SedarebiT umniSvnelo erebad miaCnda.

ufro savaraudoa, rom xorenacma daasaxela Targamosis erTi Ze _ haosi,

xolo mrovelma Targamosis Zeebis ricxvi gazarda. leonti mroveli ime-

orebs xorenacis genealogias, oRond avsebs mas sakuTari eris eTnarqebis


saxelebiT. ismis kiTxva _ leonti mrovelma ratom miiCnia qarTvelTa

eTnarqebi da somexTa eTnarqi erTi mamis Svilebad, hqonda Tu ara mas

amisTvis raime safuZveli? unda vifiqroT, rom amis safuZveli iyo qarTvel

xalxSi daculi Zveli gadmocema (anda cnoba) imis Sesaxeb, rom uZveles

dros saqarTvelos samxreTiT, romelsac Semdgom somxeTi ewoda, erT dros

cxovrobda qarTvelTa monaTesave didi eri.

alali xalxis xsovna mrovelis dros, aTeulobiT saukunis win, uTuod

metad iyo SemorCenili Zvel saqarTveloSi, vidre Semdgom. vin icis, iqneb

haosSi Cveni Zveli mematianeni Zvel urartuelebs gulisxmobdnen, romelTa

Sesaxebac ilias Zveli Tavaduri sisxli aTqmevinebda _ `diax, batonebo,

urartelni qarTvelTa winaparni yofilan~.

marTalia, urartus qarTvelTa monaTesave Zveli tomebi maT qveyanaSi

Semosul armenielebSi asimilirdnen, magram SeuZlebelia qarTul azrovnebaSi

ar darCeniliyo mogoneba an gadmocema maT Sesaxeb. albaT, mogvianebiT

leonti mrovelis an misi wyaros epoqaSi qarTulma azrovnebam Zveli

urartus qarTvelebi da somxebi gauTanabra erTmaneTs da mematianem miiCnia,

rom swored somxebi iyvnen `Tvisni~ qarTvelebisa. ufro metic, Targamosis

ZeTa Soris udidesnica da upiratesnic _ `xolo haos umetes gmiri iyo

yovelTasa, rameTu egeviTari araodes yofil iyo arca wylis-rRunis winaT

da arca Semdgomad taniTa, ZaliTa, simxniTa~ (q. c. I, gv. 4).

somexTa winapris aseTi qeba, adamis STamomavalTa Soris yvelaze ukeTe-

sad miCneva, TviT somex mematianeebsac ara aqvT gamoTqmuli, miT umetes, rom

armenielebi arc ki moixseniebodnen urartus saxelmwifos daqcevamde (qriste-

Sobamde VI saukuneSi), msgavsi qeba ki namdvilad SeSvenoda alarodielT,

urartus brwyinvale saxelmwifos mqone ers, romlis dideba, Zliereba da

xelovneba Zvel samyaroSi erT-erTi uSesaniSnavesi iyo. albaT amitomac

miCneul iqna alalTa adgilas mcxovrebi armenielebis warsuli ase sax-

elovnad.

leonti mroveli qarTvelTa da kavkasielTa eTnarqebs erTmaneTis ̀ Tvisebs~

uwodebda da Zmebad miiCnevda, anu kavkasiel xalxebs erTi eTnikuri war-

moSobis mqone monaTesave erebad Tvlida. iberiul-kavkasiurma mecnierebam,

romelic meoce saukuneSi Seiqmna, xangrZlivi ZiebiT daasabuTa kavkasiis

mkvidr erTa monaTesaveoba. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom leonti mrovels,

anu misi epoqis mecnierebas gaaCnda raRac sabuTi anda gadmocema kavkasielTa

monaTesaveobis Sesaxeb. xolo Tuki mis mier naxseneb `haosis~ qveS

vigulisxmebT urartuelebs, maSin Cvens Tvalwin gacocxldeba Teoria e.w.

alarodiel xalxTa ojaxis (e.i. Zvel urartuelTa da sxvaTa) monaTesaveo-

bis Sesaxeb.

armenieli xalxi, rogorc aRiniSna, qristeSobamde VI saukuneSi Camoyal-

ibda, xolo leonti mroveli qristeSobamde aTaswleulebis win debs Targa-


mosisa da misi Zeebis kavkasiaSi Semosvlis TariRs. niko mari miiCnevda,

rom am epoqisaTvis (aTaswleulebis win) iafeturi (qarTveluri) enebi

moicavda msoflios vrcel regions. am droisaTvis, misi azriT, qarTveluri

enebi gavlenas axdendnen fuZe indoevropulze, urTierToba hqondaT semi-

turTan, somxur enas ki niko mari miiCnevda `narevi tipis~ enad, `n. mari

intensiurad muSaobda somxur filologiaSic. mas, rogorc qarTulis karg

mcodnes, uTuod unda SeeniSna, rom somxur enaSi bevri ram, rac indoevro-

pul enebTan SedarebiT ver aixsneba, SeiZleba aixsnas qarTulTan Sedare-

biT~ (i. SilakaZe, Zveli somxuri enis gramatika~, 1975 w., gv. 27). `n. maris

mixedviT, rogorc cnobilia, am minarevma somxuri ena aqcia raRac saSua-

lod kavkasiursa (Semdeg iafetursa) da indoevropul (Semdeg promeTeidul)

enebs Soris mdgom enad~ (iqve, gv. 30). i. SilakaZe wers _ `somxeTis

teritoriaze indo-evropuli modgmis xalxs mermindel mosulebad vi-

varaudebT Tu adgilobriv mkvidrad (rogorc zogierTi fiqrobs), erTi

cxadia: am teritoriaze winaT arsebobda saxelmwifoebi da cxovrobdnen

xalxebi (Tu tomebi), romelTac qarTvel xalxTan (da saerTod kavkasiel

xalxebTan) garkveuli kavSiri hqondaT, Tu asea, cxadia, somexi xalxi, rogorc

eTnikuri erTeuli, uTuod Seicavs am xalxebis da tomebis minarevs. am

minarevs ki Tavisi wvlili unda Seetana axal ojaxSi. es eWvs gareSea.

maSasadame, somxurSi indoevropul enebTan SedarebiT auxsnelTagan bevri

ram SeiZleba aixsnas qarTvelursa da kavkasiur enobriv samyarosTan Se-

darebiT (am mxriv gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa saSualo da axali somxuri

enebi dialeqtiTurT, romelTac ramdenadac ufro Rrmad vswavlobT, imde-

nad metad vrwmundebiT, rom somxur enas bevri iseTi Tviseba SeuZenia, rac

qarTul-qarTveluri enebis Tvisebas gvagonebs da rasac Zvel somxurSi

adgili ar hqonda. aman aTqmevina i. karstes _ somxuri enis dialeqtebi

indo-evropuli warmoSobisa ar ariano~ (iqve, gv. 29).

xorenaci mudam laparakobs somexTa gadmosaxleobis dros samxreT kavka-

siaSi mcxovrebi arasomxuri tomebis Sesaxeb, romlebic aTqvefilan Semo-

sul mosaxleobaSi. xorenacis `istoriis~ qarTulad mTargmneli a. ab-

dalaZe wers: `xorenacis am da msgavs cnobebSi asaxulia istoriuli si-

namdvile imis Sesaxeb, rom e.w. `didi somxeTis~ miwa-wyalze somexTa mosv-

lamde mkvidrobdnen sxva xalxebi, maT Soris qarTuli modgmis tomebic~

(`istoria~ gv. 249).

xorenaci aRwers urartus qveyanaSi somexTa winapari tomebis gadasax-

lebis suraTs, is wers, rom haiki `...babilonSi vaJis arameneakis SeZenis

Semdeg gaeSura CrdiloeTis mxareebSi mdebare araradis qveynisaken Tavi-

si vaJebiTa da qaliSvilebiT... igi mivida da damkvidrda erTi mTis Ziras,

vakeze, sadac ukve dasaxlebuliyo mcireodeni xalxi adrindeli gafantvis

dros. haikma daimorCila isini da aago iq samemkvidreo saxli. amas Zveli

zepirgadmocemebic adastureben~ (m. xorenaci, istoria, gv. 70).


harqis zeganze, sadac ̀ Torgomis saxlis mamani~ damkvidrebulan, xorena-

cis cnobiT, `adridanve cxovrobdnen mcireodeni kacni, romlebic nebiT

daemorCilnen gmirs, zepiri gadmocemebi amasac adastureben~ (iqve, gv. 70).

xorenaci kvlav wers _ `sakvirvelia mematianes naTqvami, rom Cvens

qveyanaSi mraval adgilas gafantulad mkvidrobda mcireodeni xalxi, Cveni

Zireuli winapris haikis mosvlamde~ (iqve, gv. 73).

mosulma armenielebma damxvedri tomebi STanTqes, moaxdines maTi asimila-

cia, es pirdapir Cans xorenacidan. magaliTad _ `amasTanave (aramma) ubrZana

iqaur mkvidrT, SeeTvisebinaT somxuri ena da laparaki~ (iqve, gv. 77).

isic unda iTqvas, rom urartus miwa-wyalze Sesvlis Semdgom moxda Camoy-

alibeba somexi xalxisa, rogorc es aRiniSneba somex istorikosTa mier. am

dros Cans, somxur enaze gavlena iqonia, damxvdur, mkvidr xalxTa enam.

S. ZiZiguri wers _ `niko maris koncefciiT, qarTul enobriv samyaros

didi gavlena mouxdenia somxur enaze winaistoriul xanaSi, uZveles peri-

odSi, rodesac xdeboda somxuri eTnosis formireba, Sesabamisad _ somxuri

enis Camoyalibeba. niko maris udidesi wvlili armenologiaSi, swored es

aris. koncefciis sqema aseTia: somxuri narevi enaa, orbunebovania, erTi fena,

Senarevi da Sezrdili sxva fenasTan, qarTul-kavkasiur samyarosTan siax-

loviT aris aRbeWdili~ (S. ZiZiguri, `niko mari qarTuli kulturis mkvl-

evari~, (1985, gv. 104).

yovelive zemoaRniSnuli uflebas iZleva gamoiTqvas mosazreba, rom Zvel

saqarTveloSi arsebobda mogoneba saqarTvelos samxreTiT mcxovrebi Zlieri,

qarTvelTa monaTesave xalxis Sesaxeb, da vinaidan saqarTvelos samxreTiT

im droisTvis somxebi cxovrobdnen, qarTvelTa genealogiis Semdgenelma

mematianem sxva qarTvelur monaTesave tomebis eTnarqTa Soris haosic

CarTo, viTarca pirovnuli gamoxatuleba xsenebuli mogonebisa. Cans, mrove-

lis haosi _ urartus Zlierebis anareklia. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi verc

erTi Tavisufali eri aitanda Tavis erovnul matianeSi mtkicebas imisas,

rom maTi mezobeli eris winapari TavianT winaparze upiratesi da uZlier-

esi iyo. swored qarTvel xalxSi darCenil mogonebas samxreTeli monaTe-

save mezoblis Sesaxeb unda gaexada asatani mrovelis genealogiis erovnul

matianeSi CarTva.

rogorc aRiniSna, mroveli Tavisi genealogiis Sedgenis dros iyenebda

xorenacis genealogias. maSasadame, es genealogia V saukuneze adre ver

Sedgeboda. Zneli safiqrebelia, VIII-XI saukuneebSi qarTvelebisa da somx-

ebisaTvis ewodebinaT Zmebi da `Tvisni~, qarTul-somxuri eklesiebis da-

Sorebisas atexili ideologiuri brZolis gamo. manaskertis 726 wlis

krebis Semdgom qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebi (da Sesabamisad ideologi-

ac) srulebiT gansxvavebuli gzebiT ganviTardnen, srulebiT gancalkevdnen,


ufro metic, saqarTveloSi somxeTTan da somxur eklesiasTan kulturuli

an raime erTobis damadasturebeli yovelgvari Txzuleba ispoboda anda

redaqtirdeboda.

sul sxva viTareba iyo VI-VII saukuneebSi. am dros qarTveli da somexi

erebi, eklesiebi gansakuTrebiT dakavSirebulni iyvnen erTmaneTTan. yovel

SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli mxare iZulebuli iyo qarTuli eklesia somxuri ek-

lesiis mokavSired waredgina sparsi xelisuflebisaTvis. saqarTvelos

dapyrobis Semdgom sparseTi gansakuTrebiT uWerda mxars somxur eklesias,

aZlierebda mas da amasTan erTad aiZulebda mis imperiaSi mcxovreb qris-

tianebs mieRoT qristianuli sarwmunoebis is orientacia, romelsac adga

somxuri eklesia (e.i. antibizantiuri). am dros xdeboda qarTuli wmida

wignebis redaqtireba da `gamarTva~ somxuris mixedviT (amis Sesaxeb ix.

qvemoT).

unda vifiqroT, rom mematianem qarTvel eTnarqTa genealogia Seadgina

somxur-qarTuli eklesiebis `erTobis~ dros VI-VII saukuneebSi. jer kidev

m. TarxniSvilma gamoTqva azri, rom leonti mrovelis literaturuli

saqmianoba VI-VII saukuneebs ganekuTvneba.

`m. TarxniSvilis azriT, leonti mrovelis literaturuli saqmianoba

merve saukunis meore naxevars ver gadascildeba _ ufro zustad is unda

daidos VI-VII sauk. somex-qarTvelTa saeklesio ganxeTqilebamde~ (k. kekeliZe,

lit. ist. gv. 238).

f a r n a v a z if a r n a v a z if a r n a v a z if a r n a v a z if a r n a v a z i

saqarTvelos pirveli erTiani saxelmwifos damaarseblis, anbanis gam-

avrceleblis, qarTuli mwignobrobis fuZemdeblis, mefe farnavazis cxovre-

ba aRwerilia qarTvelTa umTavres saistorio, erovnuli siwmindis xarisx-

amde amaRlebul wignSi, romelsac ̀ qarTlis cxovreba~ ewodeba. miCneulia,

rom ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali, TargamosianTa genealogia, TviT redaq-

tors Seudgenia (kerZod, mas Tavisi drois moTxovnilebis Sesabamisad

dauweria Zvel wyaroTa gamoyenebiT `ambavi rvaTa ZmaTa~, `gamosvla xazar-

Ta~, ̀ Semosvla aleqsandresi~), xolo ̀ cxovreba farnavazisi~ _ ukve arsebu-

li Zveli qarTuli saistorio moTxroba, Tavisi gemovnebiT gaumarTavs da

CaurTavs wignSi.

qveynis gamaerTianebeli pirveli mefis mamis saxeli mematianisaTvis

ucnobia, samagierod misTvis cnobilia saxeli mamis Zmisa. amasTan dakav-

SirebiT pavle ingoroyva wers _ ̀ leonti mroveli aq, Cans, imeorebs rome-

liRac Zveli saistorio wyaros cnobas~ (t. IV, gv. 523).


mematiane farnavazis ambis gadmocemisas wers, rom farnavazi `iyo mamu-

lad qarTleli, naTesavi uflosi, mcxeTosis Zisa~ (qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv.

20). misi genealogia, cxadia, wyvetilebiT, aseTia:

farnavazamde didi xniT adre, qarTvelTa erT mTavar winaparTagani _

qarTlosi, dasaxlebula mtkvrisa da aragvis SesarTavTan mdebare armazis

mTaze. aq auSenebia simagreebi (SemdgomSi aq armazis kerpi aRmarTes, iqamde

ki am mTis saxeli `qarTli~ yofila). qarTloss auSenebia orbis (Semdgom

samSvilded wodebuli) da xunanis (anu mtueris) cixeebi. ucocxlia didxans.

qarTlosisa da Targamosis STamomavalT erTmaneTSi siyvaruliT ucx-

ovriaT, Semdgom ki aSlilan da dakninebulan. am mizeziT maT Soris aRaravin

yofila uwarCinebulesi da usaxelovanesi. adgil-adgil Tavadebi (gamoCe-

nili meTaurebi) Cndebodnen, magram mcxeTis Tavadi yvelaze warCinebulad

iTvleboda sxvebTan SedarebiT. mas mefis, an erisTavis saxeli ar ewodebo-

da, aramed mamasaxlisi. is gamzavebeli da mosamarTle iyo qarTlosianTa

Soris.

swored am droisaTvis dauviwyniaT WeSmariti RmerTi, romelic qarTvel-

Ta winaprebs swamdaT, dauwyiaT msaxureba mzisa, mTvarisa da xuTi varskv-

lavisa, `mtkice da ufrosi saficari maTi iyo saflavi qarTlosisa~.

didi xnis Semdgom gamoCenila aleqsandre makedoneli. igi sxva qveyana-

Ta dapyrobis Semdgom Semosula qarTlSi, sadac mas uxilavs mkvidrni

qveynisa; unda iTqvas, rom aq mematianes mier gadmocemuli ambavi aSkarad

areulia, Cans ara marto sxvadasxva wyaros, aramed sxvadasxva koncefciis

gavlenac. magaliTad, rogorc viciT, sxva wyaros, ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ _

koncefciis Tanaxmad, qarTvelebi samxreTis ̀ arian-qarTlis~ qveynidan gad-

mosaxlebulan makedonelis dros. maT am qveyanaSi daxvedriaT ucxo eri,

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ koncefciiT ki qarTveloba xalxad yalibdeba saqarTve-

los miwa-wyalze, e.i. ar gadmosaxlebula. zemoaRniSnuli ambis gadmocemis

qarTlos

mcxeTos gardabos kaxos kuxos gaCios

uflos oZrxos javaxos

farnavaz


dros, rogorc aRiniSna, es ori koncefcia erTmaneTSia areuli. magaliTad,

makedonels qarTlSi xvdeba qarTveloba da... ucxo eri _ bunTurqebi da

yivCaRebi. aq, cxadia, aRebulia ̀ moqcevaAs~ ambavi, romelic saTanadod araa

Sejerebuli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ koncefciasTan.

qarTlSi Semosvlis Semdgom aleqsandre makedoneli SeebrZola da daama-

rcxa zogierT kuTxeSi mcxovrebi araqarTuli tomebi _ `mosrna yovelni

igi naTesavni aRreulni qarTls myofni da ucxoni igi naTesavni mosrna da

daatyvevna da dedani da yrmani ucebni, TxuTmetisa wlisa umcrosni~ (q. c.

I, gv. 18). araqarTvelTa mospobis Semdeg darCenil qarTvel mosaxleobas

(qarTlosianebs) patrikad dautova makedoneli azoni, iaredosis Ze. mas

emorCileboda 100000 romaeli qveiTi.

maTi sarwmunoeba, mematianes gadmocemiT, aseTi iyo: ebrZana azons aleqsan-

dres mier qarTvelTa qveyanaSi danergiliyo Tayvaniscema mzisa, mTvarisa,

xuTi varskvlavisa, msaxureba uxilavi RmerTisa, yovlis dambadeblisa. aleqsan-

dres wasvlis Semdgom azonma miatova es sarwmunoeba _ `iwyo kerpTmsax-

urebad da Seqmnna orni kerpni vercxlisani: `gaci da gaim~. azoni sastiki

da sisxliani kaci yofila, mas qarTvelTaTvis iaraRis tarebis nebac ki ar

daurTavs _ gaucia brZaneba: `yovelman qarTvelTaganman, romelman povos

saWurveli, mokaliT igi~. _ `da iyo Wiri didi naTesavsa zeda qarTvel-

Tasa~. swored aseT dros gamoCenila farnavazi _ qarTvelTa ganmaTavisu-

flebeli. siyrmidanve kavkasiis mTebSi ltolvili farnavazi saxelovan

vaJkacad aRzrdila. is `iyo kaci gonieri, mxedari SemmarTebeli da mona-

dire xelovani~. mcxeTaSi dabrunebis Semdgom is gaucniaT azonisaTvis,

rogorc saxelganTqmuli monadire. `Seiyvara igi azonman monadireobi-

saTvis~. azonTan daaxloebas didad SeuSinebia deda farnavazisi, evedrebo-

da Svils daetovebina mcxeTa, qarTli da wasuliyvnen, raTa azonis xels

dasxltomodnen. marTlac ojaxma gadawyvita sxvagan, farnavazis dedis

qveyanaSi gadasaxleba. mematiane ganagrZobs:

maSin ixila farnavazma sizmari, TiTqosda igi iyo erT ukacur saxlSi,

undoda gasvla da ver gadioda. maSin sarkmlidan Semovida mzis sxivi

Semoertya welze, gaizida da gaiyvana sarkmelidan. da rodesac velze

gavida mze, farnavazma is ixila dadablebuli, xeliT Seexo mzis pirs,

moxoca cvari da icxo Tavis pirze. gaiRviZa farnavazma, gaukvirda da Tqva

_ es sizmari albaT dedaCemis samSobloSi Casvlis Semdeg amixdeba, iq

sikeTeSi viqnebio.

im dReebSi farnavazi sanadirod gaemarTa da diRmis velze irmebs

gaekida. irmebi Tbilisis xriokebisaken gaiqcnen. misdevda farnavazi, sty-

orcna isari, hkra irems, man cota gaiara da daeca kldis ZirSi. amasobaSi

daRamda, CamoqveiTda farnavazi da iremTan gadawyvita Ramis gaTeneba. am

dros gawvimda Zlier. kldis ZirSi farnavazma gamoqvabuli SeamCnia, amoqo-


lili. amoiRo Cuglugi da gamoarRvia kari, raTa simSraleSi Sesuliyo.

Sevida SigniT da ixila ganZi miuwvdomeli, oqro da vercxli, uTvalavi

WurWeli oqrovercxlisa. Zlier gaukvirda, aRivso sixaruliT da gaaxsen-

da sizmari. isev amoqola gamoqvabulis kari. uTxra es ambavi dedasa da

or das. gamoitanes es ganZi malviT. amis Semdgom azonis qmedeba miuTiTebs

imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra Zlieri iyo im uZveles drosve, qristeSobamde aswleulebiT

adre, qarTvelTa Soris erovnuli erTianobis grZnoba da qarTvel tomebs

rogor hqondaT SenarCunebuli eTnikuri erTianobis simZafre. ganZis pov-

niT uceb gamdidrebulma farnavazma, upirveles yovlisa, gagzavna Tavisi

warmomadgeneli egrisis dasavlur qarTuli saerisTaos meTaurTan _ qujisTan

da Seatyobina mas momxdari ambavi. farnavazma SeuTvala survili, Tavisi

ganZiT misuliyo qujisTan da erTiani ZaliT SebrZolebodnen azons _

qarTvelTa qveynis dampyrobels.

mematiane wers, rom am ambis mosmeniT `ganixara qujim sixaruliTa didiTa

da hrqua: ̀ aRsdeg da moved Cem Tana, nu Surob xvastagsa Sensa, da xvastagiTa

SeniTa, gangimravlne spani Senni, vidre gamovCndeT mtrad azonisa, maSin ganix-

aron yovelTa qarTvelTa awyvedilTa misgan da miwyvedulTa~ (q.c. gv. 22).

pasuxis miRebis Semdeg farnavazi dediTa da debiT sixaruliT wavida

qujisTan. quji aseTi sityvebiT Seegeba mas: `Sen xar Svili TavTa maT

qarTlisaTa da Sen gmarTebs ufloba Cemi... Sen xar ufali Cveni da me var

mona Seni~ (gv. 22). farnavazi am droisaTvis, rogorc viciT, ubralo, yovel-

gvari pativisa da Tanamdebobis uqonel pirs warmoadgenda, xolo quji

egrisis vrceli qveynis mflobeli iyo, amitomac misgan Tavisi Tavis ̀ monad~,

xolo farnavazis `uflad~ gamocxadeba aixsneba genealogiuri ufros-um-

crosobiTi urTierTdamokidebulebiT, rac Zveli droisaTvis iyo damaxasi-

aTebeli da savaldebulod Sesasrulebeli. farnavazi `qarTlis TavTa

Svilia~, amitomaco, ambobs ̀ egrisis TavTa Svili~, _ me Sen unda dagemorCi-

lo, Sen `Cveni ufali xaro~. aseTi urTierToba gvafiqrebinebs, rom Tavda-

pirvel genealogiur variantSi, romelsac Semdgom asaxva ver upovnia ̀ qarT-

lis cxovrebaSi~, genealogiuri Sto, Cans aseTi saxiT iyo gadmocemuli:

qarTlos

mcxeTos egros kuxoskaxosgardabos gaCios

farnavaz quji


qujica da farnavazic erTi winapris STamomavalni arian, magram far-

navazi pirmSoebiTi uflebis ZaliT ojaxSi, gvarSi, ufrosad iTvleba, is

`ufalia~, misi yvela naTesavi mas unda daemorCilos. aseTia im Jamis kanoni.

farnavazma da qujim moilaparakes osebTan da lekebTan, isini sixaru-

liT daTanxmdnen azonis winaaRmdeg ajanyebas, radganac ar surdaT misTvis

xarkis micema. maTgan miiRes damxmare samxedro Zala, egrisSi Seikriba

uTvalavi spa. Seuties azons. azoni damarcxda da Tavi Seafara klarjeTs.

farnavazi Sevida mcxeTaSi, imave wels daimorCila ̀ yoveli qarTli~, klar-

jeTis garda _ ase wers mematiane, _ `daipyra yoveli qarTli Tvinier

klarjeTisa~, aq uTuod `yoveli qarTlis~ qveS igulisxmeba rogorc aRmo-

savleTi, aseve dasavleTi saqarTvelo _ swored dasavleT saqarTvelo

warmoadgenda farnavazis sayrden baziss azonis winaaRmdeg ajanyebisas.

azons farnavazis winaaRmdeg omSi daexmara `saberZneTi~ _ misgan miiRo

didZali damxmare Zala, samagierod farnavazs _ `asuristanis mefe antio-

qozi~. kidev erTxel SeebrZolnen erTmaneTs azonisa da farnavazis jarebi

_ artaanis naqalaqevSi, romelsac huri anu `qajTa qalaqi~ erqva. berZenTa

jarebi daamarcxes qarTvelebma, mokles azoni, SeiWra farnavazi saberZne-

Tis sazRvrebSi _ Sevida anZioZorSi da ukan dabrunda ekelecis gziT.

klarjeTi SeuerTa Tavis samefos da dabrunda mcxeTaSi.

qarTlis samefos sazRvari Crdilo-dasavleTiT daido mdinare egriswy-

alze. am mdinaris marjvena sanapiroc (iseve rogorc marcxena) warmoad-

genda egrosis wils, e.i. warmoadgenda egrosis STamomavalTa sacxovriss

(vidre xazareTis mdinaremde `saca warswudebis wueri kavkasisa~), magram

egriswyalsa da xazareTis mdinares (e.i. md. egriswyalsa da md. yubans)

Soris mcxovrebma egriselebma ar inebes gandgoma ̀ berZenTa~ saxelmwifos-

agan da Sesvla farnavazis samefoSi. sazRvari `yoveli qarTlisa~ am

mimarTulebiT daido mdinare egriswyalze. mematiane wers _ ̀ xolo egrisw-

yals qvemoT darCa berZenTa, rameTu mkvidrTa mis adgilisaTa ara inebes

gandgoma berZenTa~, xolo egrisis meore nawili Sevida qarTlis samefoSi,

Tavisi saxelmwifo farnavazma dayo saerisTavoebad. pirvelTa Soris mema-

tiane asaxelebs egriss da mis erisTavs qujis. is gaxda siZe farnavazisa

da miiRo saerisTavod yoveli qarTlis qveyana egriswyalsa da rions Sua.

man aaSena cixe-goji. margveTis saerisTavoSi Sedioda miwebi mdinare ri-

onsa da lixis mTas Soris. Semdegi saerisTavoebi iyvnen kaxeTSi, xunanSi,

samSvildeSi, wundaSi, oZrxeSi, klarjeTSi. erTi erisTavi daadgina _ spas-

petad, mas Sida qarTlic mieca sagamgeod, is warmoadgenda mefis Semdeg

pirvel Tanamdebobis pirs, yvela erisTvis ganmgebels. Tavis mxriv erisTavebs

emorCilebodnen spasalarebi da aTasisTavebi, maTgan Semodioda saerisTa-

vo da samefo xarki.


farnavazma aaSena aleqsandre makedonelis mier saqarTveloSi dangreu-

li qalaqebi da cixeebi, dedaqalaq mcxeTas ki Semoavlo galavani.

farnavazs Seuqmnia Tavis saxelze _ kerpi armazi, rameTu farnavazs

sparsulad armazi erqva. es armazis kerpi aRmarTa qarTlis mTis Tavze.

didi dResaswauli gadaixada kerpis aRmarTvisas.

gamefebisas 27 wlis iyo. 65 weli nebierad imefa. `aRaSena da ganavso

qarTli~.

farnavazma qarTuli ena saxelmwifo enad gamoacxada, ris gamoc qarTu-

lis garda sxva ena saqarTveloSi ar ixmareboda. manve Seqmna qarTuli

mwignobroba.

sikvdilis Semdeg armazis kerpis win daasaflaves.

ase gadmogvcems farnavazis cxovrebas Cveni matiane.

qarTlis, anu iberiis erTiani didi saxelmwifos warmoqmnas mecnierebi

qristeSobamde IV-III saukuneebiT aTariReben.

farnavazisa da misi memkvidre mefeebis anu farnavazianebis dros mcx-

eTaSi _ samefos dedaqalaqSi, Sendeboda cixesimagreebi, sxvadasxva nage-

bobani, kidev sxva kerpebic aRumarTavT. farnavazis mier armazis aRmarTvis

Semdgom mefe saurmagma aRmarTa kerpi ainina, iwyo armazis cixe-qalaqis

Seneba. mefe mirvanma daninas kerpi aRmarTa, daasrula armazis mSenebloba.

mefe farnajomma kerpi zaden mTaze aRmarTa, cixec auSena. arsok mefem _

qalaqs sxva zRude Semoavlo. mefe artags ki armazSi Sida cixe (ak-

ropolisi) auSenebia.

maTi Semdgomi mefeebi ukve sakuTriv mcxeTas aSenebdnen, anu mtkvris

marcxena sanapiroze mdebare qalaqs.

dedaqalaqs icavdnen rTuli TavdacviTi sistemis meSveobiT. armaz-cixe

somxeTidan, albaneTidan da dasavleT saqarTvelodan momavali gzebis Tav-

Seyris adgilas idga, zadencixe ki CrdiloeTis momTabareTa qveynebidan

momaval gzas akontrolebda. qveyanaSi Sedioda didi saerTaSoriso mniS-

vnelobis savaWro gza, rogorc amas gvacnobs straboni. saerTod iberia

savaWro gzebiT yofila daserili. strabonis cnobiT, iberia kargad yofila

dasaxlebuli, qalaqebi da dabebi mravalricxovani iyo. saxlebi da nage-

bobebi kargad nagebi, xuroTmoZRvruli xelovnebiT, hqondaT kramitis sax-

uravebi. iberiaSi mdebareobda qalaqebi _ ufliscixe, wunda, oZrxe, cixe-

goji (am qveynis dasavleTi sazRvari, rogorc aRiniSna, mdinare egriswy-

alze ido).

uTuod yovel saerisTavos gaaCnda Tavisi centri. CrdiloeTis mima-

rTulebiT iberiis sazRvars, Cans, kavkasionis wyalmyofi qedi warmoadgenda,

romlis iqiTac mcxovreb tomebzec vrceldeboda samefos gavlena.

samxreTis mimarTulebiT iberia vrclad iyo gadaWimuli. armeniasa da

iberias, qristeSobamde II saukunis avtoris _ apolodoris cnobiT, erT-


maneTisgan hyofda mdinare araqsi. araqsi yofila gamyofi iberielebisa da

armenielebisa.

samxreT-dasavleTiT iberiis sazRvari gadioda piriadris mTis kalTe-

bze, mas ekuTvnoda xorzene da gogarene, rogorc berZnebi uwodebdnen

samxreT saqarTvelos kuTxeebs. Semdeg, strabonis cnobiT, armenias iberii-

saTvis waurTmevia aRniSnuli kuTxeebi, daaxloebiT 190 wels qristeSobam-

de (ix. saq. ist. narkv., t. I, gv. 456).

farnavazis rezidencias da samefo qalaqs warmoadgenda armazi. misi

saxeli mraval ucxour Tanadroul wyaroSic aris asaxuli, rogorc Cans, is

cnobili da saxelovani qalaqi iyo. am qalaqis sidiade daadastura ar-

qeologiurma gaTxrebma, qarTvel erismTavarTa da warCinebulTa brwyin-

vale fufuneba da didebuleba naTlad gamoaCina arqeologiurma Zeglebma.

armazidan samefo rezidencia gadatanil iqna sakuTriv mcxeTaSi, es momx-

dara pirveli saukunis meore naxevarSi. p. ingoroyvas Tanaxmad, mefe far-

navazi mefobda qristeSobamde 284-219 wlebSi. 284 welsve damyarebula

qarTuli welTaRricxva.

`ZvelqarTuli kalendris Seswavlidan irkveva, rom qarTuli naciona-

luri welTaRricxva iwyeba swored im droidan, rodesac, leonti mrove-

lis cnobiT, aleqsandre makedonelis imperiis dayofis Sedegad moxda

axali iberiis saxelmwifos Camoyalibeba, farnavazianTa dinastiiT xelisu-

flebis saTaveSi. saxeldobr, dasawyisi qarTuli nacionaluri welTaRricxvisa

aris 284 weli Cvens eramde. es weli aris gamosavali TariRi, romelic

Semdeg safuZvlad daedo qarTuli qoronikonis sistemas, ...es TariRi, 284

weli, romelidanac iwyeba qarTuli nacionaluri era, aris TariRi iberiis

saxelmwifo damoukideblobis gamocxadebisa da farnavazianTa dinastiis

damkvidrebisa iberiis saxelmwifos xelisuflebis saTaveSi (p. ingoroyva,

t. IV, 1978, gv. 558).

pavle ingoroyvam saTanado kvlevis Sedegad daaskvna, rom qarTul mat-

ianeTa antikuri xanis iberiis mefeTa sia (`mefeni qarTls Sina warmarTni~)

_ warmoadgens istoriuli sinamdvilis Semcvel dokuments, romelic mom-

dinareobs winaqristianuli epoqis ZvelqarTuli saistorio wyaroebidan

(iqve, gv. 559).

farnavazma erT saxelmwifoSi gaaerTiana qarTuli tomebi, Sehkra isini

erT xalxad, man SesZlo aseve am saxelmwifos gavlenis sferoSi moeqcia

iberiul-kavkasiurad wodebuli, qarTvelTa monaTesave sxvadasxva tomebi.

kerZod, rogorc iTqva, iberielTa da armenielTa Soris sazRvari erT dros

mdinare araqsze gadioda. CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT qarTvelTa gavlenis

sferoSi, mematianes Tanaxmad, Sediodnen osTa, durZukTa da lekTa tomebi.

durZukebi da lekebi _ qarTvelTa monaTesaveebad uZveles drosve miiC-

neoda. osTa Sesaxeb unda iTqvas, rom rogorc wyaro miuTiTebs, osebi im


droisaTvis ar miiCneodnen iranulenovan tomebad, aramed iTvlebodnen

qarTvelTa monaTesave kavkasiur (adgilobriv) tomad. Cveni matianes Tanax-

mad, osebi yofilan STamomavalni xazarTa mefis Zisa uobosisa _ ̀ mrovelis

warmodgeniT, uobos xazarTa mefisSvili yofila, xolo osebi TiTqos am

uobosis, e.i. xazarTa da qarTvelTa da somexTa tyveebis `naTesavebi~, anu

STamomavalni yofilan. e.i. narevi erovneba yofila~ (iv. javaxiSvili, qarTveli

eris istoriis Sesavali, t. I, 1950 w. gv. 277).

aqedan Cans, rom farnavazis epoqaSi osebi marTalia narev, magram mainc

qarTvelTa monaTesave tomad miiCneoda. osebi _ romelTac Semdgom alane-

bi ewodaT _ ucxoelTa mier iberielebad miiCneodnen _ `XI saukunis

bizantieli mwerali ioane cece amtkicebs: iberebi, abazgebi da alanebi erT

xalxs Seadgendneno, xolo XV saukunis somexi mematiane Toma mewofeli

ganumartavs mkiTxvelebs, rom qarTvelTa saxlSi, e.i. qarTul erovnul-

kulturul gaerTianebaSi Sedis rva tomi _ qarTebi (`vracebi~), imerlebi,

megrelebi, svanebi, afxazebi, mesxebi, dvalebi da osebi~ (s. janaSia, t. V, gv.

12). Semdgomi saukunis evropeli avtoric aseve miiCnevs _ `Striteri

Tavisi Sromis nawilSi, sadac laparakia zemo iberiis mezoblad binadar

alanebze, kategoriuli da sruli eWvmiutanlobis kiloTi acxadebs, rom

esenic iberielebi ariano~ (S. ZiZiguri, saenaTmecniero saubrebi, gv. 174).

dvalebs, marTalia, ratomRac durZukTa toms aTvlidnen bolo dromde,

magram sinamdvileSi qarTvelebi iyvnen. Semdgom moxda dvalTa tomis iraniza-

cia, gaoseba. SesaZlebelia, Tavdapirvelad osebad saxeldebuli tomic ar

iyo iranulenovani da Semdgom, Sua saukuneebis manZilze, Crdilo kavkasia-

Si moxda osebis gairanulenovneba.

sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli, rom alanebi iranulenovani tomi iyo, magram

arc is unda darCes uyuradRebod, rom sakmaod didi nawili Zveli istori-

kosebisa alanebs, qarTvel istorikosTa msgavsad, xazarul (e.i. Turqul)

kavkasiur warmomavlobis tomad miiCnevda. magaliTad, XIV saukunis arabi

geografi alanebs Turqulenovan xalxad Tvlida, is erT alanur qalaqze

werda _ ̀ is dasaxlebulia alani xalxiT, da isini Turqebi arian _ romelnic

gaqristiandnen~. XV saukuneSi i. Siltbergeri iyo asebTan (osebTan) da

alanebTan. isini Turme maSin RmerTs TaTrul enaze adidebdnen (ix. f. burn,

`puteSestvie ivana Siltbergera...~, wigni `zapiriski imperatorskogo no-

vorosiiskogo universiteta~. t. I, vip. 1 da 2. odessa 1867, gv. 31-33). prof.

n. baskakovis Tanaxmad, Cinur wyaroebSi moxsenebuli tomi iaoSe (iasebi,

osebi) Turquli warmoSobisa yofila. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom yaraCaevel da

balyarel istorikosebs TavianTi tomebi alanuri warmoSobisad, alanebi ki

Turqul-xazarul warmoSobisad miaCniaT. am mxriv, Cans aris raRac saerTo

Zvel qarTul da ucxour wyaroTa Soris.

farnavazis droisaTvis sruliad SesaZlebelia, osebi iseve yofiliyo

iberiul-kavkasiuri warmomavlobis tomi, rogorc sxva mezobeli tomebi.


farnavazis saxelmwifo faqtobrivad mTel kavkasias aerTianebda Tavis

gavlenis sferoSi, magram yvelaze arsebiTi isaa, rom qarTvel tomTa gamae-

rTianebeli saxelmwifos Seqmnam saxelmwifosave meSveobiT SesaZlebeli

gaxada qarTvelTa erovnebis formireba, erTiani xalxis, eris Camoyalibeba.

sazogadod cnobilia, rom saxelmwifos aqvs Tviseba erTian xalxad Camoay-

alibos saxelmwifoSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba, aseTive Tvisebebis iyo, cxadia,

qarTuli erTiani saxelmwifoc. miT umetes, rom qarTul wyaroTa Tanaxmad,

farnavazis mier Camoyalibebulma saxelmwifom iarseba TiTqmis aTasi weli.

kerZod, es saxelmwifo daSlila vaxtang gorgasalis Svilebis Semdgom VI

saukuneSi _ ase gadmogvcems ̀ qarTlis cxovrebac~ da ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAc~.

qarTveli eris Camoyalibebis dros Sesaxeb laparakia qvemoT, xolo aq

unda iTqvas, rom farnavazis epoqaSi qarTvelTa erTianobas miuTiTebs

ZvelqarTuli gvarebis formaTa erTianoba uZveles saqarTveloSi. gamokv-

levebiT dadgenilia, rom uZvelesi gvaris aRmniSvneli sufiqsi egrisSi, anu

samegreloSi iyo ̀ iani~ (misgan iqna Semdgom miRebuli daboloeba ̀ ia~, ̀ va~

da sxva). uZvelesi sagvarovano sufiqsi svaneTSi iyo da aris ìani~. uZve-

lesi sagvarovano sufiqsi sruliad saqarTvelos mTianeTSi _ fSav-xev-

sureTidan svaneTamde iyo ̀ iani~ (saojaxod, saSinaod amJamadac ̀ ian~ formebi

ixmareba). uZvelesi sagvarovano sufiqsi saqarTvelos barSic iyo _ ìani~.

ganvixiloT ramdenime magaliTi: Zvel wyaroebSi erTaderTi damaboloebe-

li sufiqsi _ ìani~-a _ gvarebSi _ `farnavaziani~, `xosroiani~, àrSakuni-

ani~, ̀ baqariani~, ̀ reviani~ (q. c. gv. 138). ̀ maruSiani~, ̀ bagratoniani~ (q. c. gv.

251). àriSiani~ (q. c. gv. 328). `barabiani~ (q. c. 116). `bivritiani~ (erisTavi

oZrxisa) q. c. 185). ̀ goderZiani~ (es gvaria, rac iqedan Cans, rom mravlobi-

Tis formiTaa wyaroSi mocemuli _ `goderZianni tbelni~), (q. c. gv. 248).

iqvea `mameanni~, `mame-i-ani. `Targamosianni~ _ eTnarqebi. Savliani (ivane _

afxazeTis mefe. 258). `kavkasianni~ _ sadaurobis aRsaniSnavad (130). `nebro-

Tianni~, `nersiani~ (nerse _ qarTlis erisTavi, 241), `qarTlosianni~ (qarT-

losis STamomavalni, 27), juanSeriani (juanSeri-istorikosi, gv. 248) da sxva

uamravi.

marTalia, zogierT SemTxvevaSi CamonaTvali jer kidev ar aris namdvili

gvar-saxelebi da aRniSnuli forma pirTa STamomavlobas miuTiTebs, magram

isini sagvareulo saxelebad iqcnen ZiriTadad. ìan~ sufiqsiT, rogorc

aRiniSna, mTel saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi arsebobda gvarebi (gvar-saxele-

bi). amis dasturia megrul-svanuri da mTiuluri uZvelesi formebi. s.

janaSia wers _ `gabatonebuli unda yofiliyo gvar-saxelebis es forma

samegreloSic... megruli ìa~ _ ìanis~ naSTia. es cxadi xdeba, kerZod,

cnobil gvar-saxelTa istoriul da cocxal formaTa SedarebiT, amrigad,

istoriulsa da literaturul (dadians, lipartians, ratians, bedians megrul

cocxal metyvelebaSi udris: dadia, lipartia, ratia, bedia... bolokidur _

n-s dakargva niSandoblivia megrulisaTvis (s. janaSia, t. III, 1959, gv. 40-41).


iqve s. janaSias ganxiluli aqvs `ian~ formis gamoyeneba gvar-saxelebi-

savis aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi (mTiuleTi, raWa,

leCxumi, svaneTi). _ `gvar-saxelebis es daboloeba Tavdapirvelad gavr-

celebuli iyo, Cans, yvela qarTul tomSi, da qarTvelurs patronomistikul

morfologiaSi igi erTi yvelaze adrindeli movlenaTagania. droTa vi-

TarebaSi es forma zogs qarTvel tomSi dasustda, zogan TiTqmis mTlad

daikarga~ (iqve, gv. 35).

Cven vfiqrobT, rom eTnikuri erTianoba qarTveli tomebisa farnavazianTa

saxelmwifoSi (qristeSobamde III saukunidan VI-mde) gacilebiT ufro Rrma

iyo, vidre am saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg (VI s.). rogorc cnobilia, pirve-

li erTiani saxelmwifos daSlidan mxolod oriode saukunis Semdeg, VIII-

IX saukuneebSi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi Camoyalibda erTmaneTi-

sagan damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebi, ramac, cxadia, qarTuli tomebi erTma-

neTs ufro daaSora (zemoT aRniSnuli erTiani niSnebis `dasusteba~ da

`dakargva~ amis Sedegi unda iyos), marTalia, Semdeg arsebobda erTiani

saxelmwifo (XI-XV ss), ramac xeli Seuwyo konsolidacias, magram Semdgom-

ma kvlav daSlam gaaRrmava svanur, megrul, gurul, imerul, qarTlur, kaxur

da sxva eTnografiul jgufSi individualuri Tvisebebi. farnavazis sax-

elmwifos dros ki erTiani erovnuli niSnebi Rrma iyo.

q a r T u l i s a R v T i s m s a x u r oq a r T u l i s a R v T i s m s a x u r oq a r T u l i s a R v T i s m s a x u r oq a r T u l i s a R v T i s m s a x u r oq a r T u l i s a R v T i s m s a x u r o

a n b a n i s f u Z i s d e b aa n b a n i s f u Z i s d e b aa n b a n i s f u Z i s d e b aa n b a n i s f u Z i s d e b aa n b a n i s f u Z i s d e b a

saukuneTa da aTaswleulTa manZilzec, qarTveli xalxi sargeblobs erovnu-

li anbaniT. arsebobs misi ori saxeoba _ xucuri da mxedruli. TviT sityva

`xucuri~ miuTiTebs, rom is RvTis sadideblad eklesiaSi, samRvdeloebis

(xucebis) mier ixmareboda. xucuri anbaniTaa dawerili Cveni uflisa da

macxovris ieso qristes pirveli qarTuli saxarebani, Zveli da axali

aRTqmis wignebi.

xucuri _ srulyofili anbania imiT, rom mas aqvs e.w. mTavruli da

nusxuri asoebi, rogorc sxva evropul anbanebs, maSin roca mxedruls _

mTavruli asoebi ar gaaCnia. miRebulia, rom mTavruli pirvelsafuZvelia

misgan ganviTarebuli nusxuri da mxedruli asoebisa, isini qarTuli Srif-

tis saxeobebia. mxedruli SemoRebulia XI saukunis Semdeg, manamde VIII-IX

saukuneebSi gamoiyeneboda nusxa-xucuri, V-VII saukuneebSi asomTavrul-

xucuri. aseTi periodizacia pirobiTia. rogorc aRiniSna, miRebulia, rom

asomTavrulis ganviTarebis Sedegadaa miRebuli _ nusxa-xucuri, am uka-

nasknelisagan ki mxedruli, Tumca ZvelTaganve paralelurad ixmareboda

samive, gansakuTrebiT ki wina ori. saeklesio da saRvTismsaxuro saWi-

roebisaTvis saqarTveloSi yovelTvis xucuri anbani gamoiyeneboda.


ivane javaxiSvili uZveles, V saukunisad miCneul, qarTul warweraze

dakvirvebiT werda: `jer xanad cnobili qarTuli damwerlobis Zeglebi

iseTi maRalxarisxovani kaligrafiuli ganviTarebis safexurs warmoad-

genen, rom qarTuli anbanis dasawyisi xana sul cota 7-8 saukunis uwinares

aris sagulisxmebeli~. mecnierebaSi miRebuli iyo azri, rom Cvenamde moR-

weuli qarTuli alfabeti qristeSobamde VII-VI saukuneebSi unda war-

moSobiliyo finikur-semituri saanbano sistemidan.

saerTod cnobilia, rom anbani pirvelad finikielebma Camoayalibes, masSi

yoveli aso gamoxatavda erT romelime bgeras da yoveli bgera gadmocemuli

iyo erTi romelime asoTi. am anbanma udidesi gavrceleba hpova msoflioSi,

pirvel rigSi finikur-semituri anbani TviT semituri modgmis erTa Soris

gavrcelda, misgan mravali axali damwerloba gaCnda. dasavleTis mimarTulebiT

yvelaze adre finikiuri anbani berZnebma SeiTvises, misganac mravali axali

anbani warmoiqmna. berZnuli anbanis Tavdapirveli saxeoba zusti asli yofi-

la finikiuri anbanisa. finikiur anbans gavrceleba dauwyia qristeSobamde

IX saukunidan (S. ZiZiguri, saenaTmecniero saubrebi, gv. 124-125).

pavle ingoroyvas azriT, qarTuli anbani finikiurisagan miRebuli arameu-

lis erTi ganStoeba yofila. sxva TvalsazrisiT, is berZnulis mixedviT

SemuSavebula. ufro ki, rogorc aRiniSna, aRiarebulia Teoria, romlis mixed-

viTac, qarTuli uSualod finikiuri anbanisagan aris gadmoRebuli, iseve

rogorc berZnuli anbani.

sxvagan pavle ingoroyva wers: `qarTuli anbani ekuTvnis arqauli perio-

dis mcire aziis alfabetebis jgufs. qarTuli anbani araa Seqmnili Tan-

amedrove saqarTvelos teritoriaze, aramed igi Camoyalibebulia jer kidev

im xanaSi, rodesac xeTas qarTveli xalxis erTi nawili _ hiberebi (To-

belebi) da mesxebi mcire aziis teritoriaze mkvidrobdnen, hiberebs (To-

belebs) da mesxebs, rogorc irkveva, Tavdapirvelad ieroglifuri damwer-

loba hqondaT~ (p. ingoroyva, t. IV. gv. 247).

mecnieris azriT, xeTas qarTvelebi qristeSobamde VIII-VII saukuneebSi

gadasulan alfabetur damwerlobaze, risi damsaxurebac miaweres mesxTa,

anu frigielTa saxelganTqmul mefes miTas _ `miTa mesxs~. p. ingoroyvas

Tanaxmad, finikiuri alfabetis qarTul da berZnul enebTan morgebisaTvis

Seqmnila sagangebo komisia, romelsac es sakiTxi gadauWria. kerZod, del-

fosis samisnoSi aRniSnul komisias mouxdenia finikiuri uxmovnebo anbanis

vokalizacia _ SemouRia xmovani asoebi, daumatebia Tanxmovani bgerebi

qarTulisaTvis, romelnic finikiurs aklda (iqve, gv. 249).

qarTuli anbanis warmoSobis Sesaxeb sul sxva azrisaa T. gamyreliZe:

qarTuli anbani qristianobis gavrcelebis Semdeg saeklesio-samwignobro

saWiroebisaTvis Seqmnilao (gulisxmobs V saukunis Semdgom periods), ma-


gram TviT qarTuli eklesiis ierarqia, qristiani samRvdeloeba TiTqmis

aTasi wlis winac ki qarTuli anbanis Seqmnas ar akavSirebda qristianobis

gavrcelebasTan, piriqiT, ZvelqarTuli Rrmad morwmune sazogadoeba darw-

munebiT amtkicebda, rom qarTuli alfabeti (qarTuli mwignobroba) warmar-

Ti mefis, qristeSobamde aswleulobiT adre mcxovrebi farnavazis mier iyo

SemoRebuli.

cxadia, qarTuli anbani qristianobis gavrcelebis Semdeg rom warmoSobil-

iyo, xsovna am yovladmniSvnelovani ambisa uTuod Semoinaxeboda qarTul

eklesiaSi, saeklesio mwerlobaSi. bunebrivia ismeba kiTxva, Tuki anbani SemoRe-

bul iqna V saukunis Semdeg da ukavSirdeba qristianuli sarwmunoebis

gavrcelebas, TviTon qristianulma eklesiam (kerZod, eklesiis ierarqma

episkoposma leonti mrovelma) is ratom daukavSira warmarTul xanas,

warmarT mefes, miT umetes rom warmarTuli xanis qarTveloba qristianuli

xanis samRvdeloebis mier sakmaod velurad miiCneoda, rogorc es Zveli

wyaroebidan Cans?

rogorc aRiniSna, didi ivane javaxiSvili Rrma kvlevis Sedegad mivida

daskvnamde, rom qarTuli anbani warmarTuli, qristianobamdeli xanis produqtia.

leonti mroveli episkoposi ki mefe farnavazis damsaxurebaTa CamoTv-

lis dros wers _ `amanve Seqmna mwignobroba qarTuli~. mefe farnavazs

miiCneven anbanis ara Semqmnelad, aramed manamde arsebulis gamavrcele-

blad, e.i. farnavazamde anbans ramdenime saukunis istoria hqonia.

s. janaSia wers _ `qarTuli anbanis mecnierulma Seswavlam gamoarkvia,

rom igi SeTvisebuli unda iyos mcire aziaSi ara ugvianes meSvide sauku-

nisa qristes win (ix. prof. iv. javaxiSvili, qarT. paleografia). msgavsi

alfabeturi damwerloba SeiZleboda mxolod ganviTarebis garkveul safex-

urze gaCeniliyo. manamde mcire aziaSi mcxovreb qarTvel tomebsac xato-

vani da lursmuli damwerloba unda exmaraT. am mxriT uaRresad sayura-

dReboa qarTuli termini ̀ wera~, igi Tavdapirvelad ̀ Wras~, ̀ kveTas~ niSnav-

da, aqedanaa ̀ weraqvi~, e.i. qvis saWreli, sakveTi; xvnis mniSvnelobisaa mTaSi

`wera~ da aqedan _ ̀ wereuli~ _ ̀ yanis nakrefi, Sekonvili~, ̀ sawereli~, e.i.

mWameli, mWreli... werasTan dakavSirebuli meore mniSvnelovani terminis

warmoSobas gvixsnis `wertili~ (`werta~ zmnisagan nawarmoebi). `wertac~

xom Cxvletas, amokveTas, CaWras niSnavs. maSasadame, orive termini im xanisaa,

roca wera realurad iyo raime magar masalaze (qvaze, Tixis dafaze,

liTonze) amoWris, amokveTis procesi. Cven gvgonia, rom qarTvelma tomebma

Tavisi uZvelesi samSoblodan amierkavkasiaSi moitanes ara marto es ter-

minebi, aramed TviT saTanado damwerlobanic...~ (s. janaSia, t. III, gv. 192).

s. janaSiamde msgavsi Tvalsazrisi qarTuli damwerlobis siZvelis Sesaxeb

gamoTqmuli hqonda Teimuraz batoniSvils, Cans is eyrdnoboda sazogadoe-

baSi dacul Zvel gadmocemas, an romelime werilobiT wyaros: _ `ara


uwignoni iyvnen qarTvelni uwinaresTa JamTaca Sina. vidre farnavazamde

swerdnen igini uxucesTa weriliTa. ese igi, qurumTa maT, romelTac uxuces-

Ta da xevisberTa uxmoben. igini iyvnen kerpTa mRvdelni da memsxverpleni

erisni `RmerTTa~ mimarT da werili maTi ars werili ese xucuri Cveni.

werilni xucesni pirvelsa Jamsa qmnil ars werilisagan ebraulisa da

qaldeurisa da msgavsica arian asoTa maTTa Cveni xucurni~ (T. bagrationi,

cxovreba, 1972, gv. 126).

Zvel saqarTveloSi xucur anbans akavSirebdnen ara berZnul, aramed

semitur alfabetTan.

Teimuraz bagrations mohyavs aseve Zveli gadmocema, romlis mixedviTac,

maStocis mier somxuri anbanis Seqmnamde somxebi ukve arsebuli qarTuli

mwignobrobiT sargeblobdnen, xolo maStocs somxuri anbanis zogierTi aso

qarTulis mimsgavsebiT Seuqmnia. rac Seexeba mwignobrobaso, _ wers Teimu-

raz bagrationi, ̀ ara iyo maT (somexTa) Soris ZvelTa Sina saukuneTa... igini

(somxebi) sargeblobdes pirvel berZnuliTa wigniTa da qarTuliTa, qristes

mosvliTgan mravalTa welTa ganvles, merme qmnes somexTa werili Tvisi,

romelsac ityvian igini moZRvrisa maTisa mesrofisaTvis, viTarmed man ga-

nawesa da qmna asoni maTni, msgavsni qarTulis xucuris werilisa. werils

qarTulsa somxuri romelnime asoni hgvanan da ara yovelni. somexni vieT-

nime ityvian, rom somxuri wignis asoebi da qarTulis wignis asoebi xucu-

rio mesrofma gaakeTao. magram qarTuli xucuri asoebi mesrofs ar gaukTe-

bia, didi tyuili aris~ (iqve, gv. 126). es bolo winadadeba Tavisi gamokv-

levebiT daadastura iv. javaxiSvilma.

Teimurazi ganagrZobs: `sanam mesrof daibadeboda da am sofelSi Semov-

idoda, agreTve qarTuli xucuri wigni iyo da mesrofze uwin, saRmrTos

werilis mTargmnelni CvenTa wmidaTa mamaTagani mravalni iyvnes, romelnic

ebraulisagan da berZnulisa da asurulisagan qarTulad sTargmnidnen, da

odes srulebiT ara aqvndaT jer somexTa werilni TvisTa zeda enaTa

sargeblobdes da xmarobdes igi qarTuliTa wigniTa da weriliTa~ (iqve).

mecnierTa erTi nawilis TvalsazrisiT, mefe farnavazma anbani ki ar

Seqmna, aramed man ukve arsebuli, mosaxleobis mxolod erTi nawilisaTvis

cnobili damwerloba, sruliad saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi gaavrcela.

ramaz patariZis TvalsazrisiT, romelic eyrdnoba qarTuli asomTavru-

li aso-niSnebis grafikul analizs, qarTuli damwerloba Seqmnilia finiki-

uri damwerlobis safuZvelze qristeSobamde mexuTe saukunis dasasruls

(ix. r. patariZe, qarTuli asomTavruli, 1980, gv. 268). anbani qarTvel qurum-

Ta wiaRSi Seqmnila.

r. patariZem Tavisi kvlevis Sedegad daadastura sxva mecnierTa mier

gamoTqmuli mosazrebani, rom qristeSobamde 284 weli aris sruliad qarTuli

saxelmwifo damwerlobis oficialurad SemoRebis TariRi da agreTve qarTuli


erovnuli welTaRricxvis dasabami. qristeSobamde 284 wels gasula far-

navaz mefis gamefebidan 19 weli. is vaxuStis Tanaxmad, gamefebula 303

wels.

284 welTan dakavSirebiT vaxuSti wers: àm farnavazis mefobis iT (19)

wels qarTuli xuTiaTasiani qoronikoni i-jer (10-jer) mobrunebuli ganvi-

da da meTerTmete iwyebis~ (iqve, gv. 305). aq igulisxmeba 532-wliani didi

indiqtioni, romlis safuZvels mzis 28-wliani da mTvaris 19-wliani cikle-

bi warmoadgens, is nikeis I msoflio saeklesio krebam daakanona. ase rom,

vaxuStis mier naxsenebi `qarTuli qoronikoni~ farnavazTan dakavSirebiT

anaqronizmia, romlis Sesaxebac r. patariZe wers _ ìqneb saxelovani

mecnieri aq zogadad qarTuli welTaRricxvis dasabams gulisxmobdes, romel-

ic gvian qarTuli qoronikonuli welTaRricxvis dasabamic gaxda~ (iqve, gv.

306). mecnieris daskvniT, 284 weli aris ara marto qarTuli damwerlobis

SemoRebis TariRi, aramed qarTuli warmarTuli welTaRricxvis dasabamic.

rogorc aRiniSna, 284 wels qristeSobamde 10X532 weli gasula, anu 5332

weli dasabamidan.

dasabamidan, anu qveynis gaCenidan qristeSobamde qarTuli angariSiT

sul gasula 284+(10X532)=5604 weli.

saerTod qristianul qveynebSi miRebuli iyo welTaRricxvis sami siste-

ma: ̀ qristesiT~, ̀ dasabamidan~ da ̀ qoronikoniT~. ̀ qristesiT~ welTaRricxva

_ amJamad gamoiyeneba msoflios yvela qveyanaSi. welTaRricxva qoroni-

koniT, rogorc aRiniSna, 532-wliani cikliT xdeboda. saerTod, qarTuli

qoronikonis dasawyisis TariRad miCneuli iyo 780 weli. 781 weli aris

pirveli weli qarTuli qoronikonis me-13 moqcevisa, xolo qristeSobamde

284 weli _ me-10 moqcevisa. am wlidan 2-jer 532 wlis gavlis, anu ori

moqcevis Semdeg dadga 780 weli. xolo dasabami am moqcevebisa qarTuli

welTaRricxviT (aTvlis wertili) aris 5604 weli qristemde, anu `dabade-

bidan~ _ qveynis gaCenidan qristemde qarTuli welTaRricxva iTvlis aRniSnul

(5604) wels. adamidan qristes Sobamde, anu `dasabamiTganis~ saxeliT cno-

bili welTaRricxva sxvadasxva saxis iyo ZvelTaganve. ZiriTadad cnobilia

`dasabamiTganis~ Semdegi variaciebi: 1. 5198 weli _ evsevi kesarielisa, 2.

5492 weli _ pandore aleqsandrielisa, 3. 5500 weli _ aniane aleqsandri-

elisa, 4. 5508 weli _ bizantielebisa anu bizantiuri era, 5. qarTuli era _

5604 weli _ qarTuli `dasabamiTgani~ (ix. iqve, gv. 75).

ùnda davaskvnaT: qarTuli dasabamiTganis gamosavali TariRi yofila

Zv.w.aR-is 284 weli. 5604-wlian qristianul qarTul dasabamiTgans safuZv-

lad dasdebia damwerlobis SemoRebis qarTuli warmarTuli TariRi _ 284

weli Zveli welTaRricxvisa~ (iqve, gv. 75).

qarTul anbanSi iyo 37 aso-niSani. Zvelad ricxvis aRsaniSnavad anbanis

asoebi ixmareboda.


aso-niSnebis ricxviTi mniSvneloba da anbanuri saTvalavi aseTia:

10. i_10

11. k_20

12. l_30

13. m_40

14. n_50

15. A_60

16. o_70

17. p_80

18. J_90

1. a_1

2. b_2

3. g_3

4. d_4

5. e_5

6. v_6

7. z_7

8. H_8

9. T_9

19. r_100

20. s_200

21. t_300

22. u_400

23. f_500

24. q_600

25. R_700

26. y_800

27. S_900

28. C_1000

29. c_2000

30. Z_3000

31. w_4000

32. W_5000

33. x_6000

34. K_7000

35. j_8000

36. h_9000

37. N_10000

xucuri anbanis moxazuloba da saxelebi aseTia (pirvelad naCvenebia

asomTavruli aso-niSani, mis gverdiT nusxuri da misi saxeli):

1. a _ a _ an

2. b _ b _ ban

3. g _ g _ gan

4. d _ d _ don

5. e _ e _ en

6. v _ v _ vin

7. z _ z _ zen

8. Ù _ C _ he

9. T _ T _ Tan

10. i _ i _ in

11. k _ k _ kan

12. l _ l _ las

13. m _ m _ man

14. n _ n _ nar

15. Ù _ Ù _ Ae

16. o _ o _ on

17. p _ p _ par

18. J _ J _ Jan

19. r _ r _ rae

20. s _ s _ san

21. t _ t _ tar

22. Â _ Y _ Yie

23. f _ f _ far

24. q _ q _ qan

25. R _ R _ Ran

26. y _ y _ yar

27. S _ S _ Sin

28. C _ C _ Cin

29. c _ c _ can

30. Z _ Z _ Zil

31. w _ w _ wil

32. W _ W _ War

33. x _ x _ xan

34. Ù _ K _ xar

35. j _ j _ jan

36. h _ h _ hae

37. H _ Ù _ hoi

u-aso-niSani SemoRebul iqna gvian ori asos kombinaciiT _ uy da mieniWaricxviTi mniSvneloba 400, man Y-s adgili daiWira. asomTavruli monumen-

turi (kapitaluri) damwerlobaa berZnul-laTinuris msgavsad. monumentur-


oba gulisxmobs asoebis geometriuli sworxazovneba-simetriulobas. yvela

aso-niSani Tanabari simaRlisaa da or paralelur xazs Soris Tavsdeba.

nusxuri damwerloba ki oTxxazovan badezea damyarebuli, misi asoebi grZe-

li, mokle da tolmetia, rac adamians Zalian uadvilebs kiTxvas. mxedruli

damwerlobac, nusxuris msgavsad, oTxxazovani sistemis damwerlobaa.

Tavdapirveli anbani mTavrdeboda `jan~ asoTi (T. gamyreliZe, weris anba-

nuri sistema da Zveli qarTuli damwerloba, 1988, gv. 186.), xolo h-hae fonema

Cndeba SedarebiT mogvianebiT, VII saukunidan moyolebuli (iqve, gv. 128).

maSasadame, Tavdapirvel anbanSi ara 37, aramed 35 aso-niSani iyo da is

mTavrdeboda janiT. r. patariZis azriT, H-s eWira anbanSi merve adgili,

sadac Semdeg gaCnda e.w. e-merve.

ramaz patariZem, romelic qarTuli damwerlobis yvelaze nayofieri mkv-

levaria CvenSi, didi ivane javaxiSvilis Semdeg, aRmoaCina, rom Cveni anbani

amave dros asrulebda kalendris movaleobasac.

ZvelTaganve, Zveli civilizaciis qveynebSi drois kalendaruli aRricx-

va problemas warmoadgenda. ̀ mizezi amisa iyo is, rom dRe-Rame da weliwa-

di drois sxvadasxva astronomiuli sidideebia. dRe-RameTa mTeli ricxviT

weliwadis gamoxatva SeuZlebelia, e.i. dRe-Rame da weliwadi ara jeradi,

aramed uTanazomo sidideebia. swored aRniSnuli uTanazomobis rogorme

daZleva, misi SeZlebisamebr zustad asaxvis saSualebiT, warmoadgenda neb-

ismieri kalendaruli sistemis mizans. am mxriv, qarTuli anbaniT ganxor-

cielebuli kalendari bednieri gamonaklisia. qarTuli kalendari eyrdno-

ba anbanSi aso-niSnebis anbanuri da rigiTi saTvalavis unikalur wesri-

gianobas, aseve aso-niSnebis mizandasaxul saxeldebasa da sxva.

r. patariZis gamokvleviT, qarTuli warmarTuli kalendaris martivi

sqema aseTi saxiT gadmoicema:

1. _ a

2. _ b

3. _ g

4. _ d

5. _ e

6. _ v

7. _ z

8. _ H

9. _ T

10. _ i

11. _ k

12. _ l

13. _ m

14. _ n

15. _ A

16. _ o

17. _ p

18. _ J

19. _ r

20. _ s

21. _ t

22. _ u

23. _ f

24. _ q

25. _ R

26. _ y

27. _ S

28. _ C

29. _ c

30. _ Z

31. _ w

31. _ w

32. _ W

33. _ x

34. _ K

35. _ j


am sqemiT: anbanis 7 aso-niSani Svideuli dRe-Rame anu erTi msgefsia,

anbanis 12 aso-niSani weliwadis 12 Tvea. anbanis 19 aso-niSani mzisa da

mTvaris 19-wliani ciklia. anbanis 24 aso-niSani dRe-Ramis 24 saaTia.

anbanis 31 aso-niSani nakiani weliwadis oTxwliani da 128-wliani ciklebia.

anbanis 5 ukanaskneli aso-niSani (wil-jan) weliwadis 5 epagomeni dRe-Ramea

(r. patariZe, qarTuli asomTavruli, 1980, gv. 526).

Cvens eklesiaSi amJamadac gamoyenebulia romauli, iuliusis uZravi we-

liwadis kalendari, romliTac weliwadis xangrZlivoba 365,25 dRe-Ramea,

sam weliwads weliwadis xangrZlivoba 365 dRe-Ramea, xolo meoTxe weli-

wads _ 366 dRe-Rame, e.i. meoTxe weliwadi nakiania. iuliusis kalendariT,

wlis bolos epagomenebis 5 da 6 dRis darTva moSlilia. manamde gamoyeneb-

ul uZveles kalendarul sistemebSi weliwadis xangrZlivobas 360 dRe-

RamiT gansazRvravdnen (egviptesa da sxvagan). weliwadSi egviptelebi 12

Tves angariSobdnen, yovel TveSi 30 dRes, wlis bolos zeimobdnen 5 sa-

dResaswaulo dRes (5 epagomens), amitomac egvipturi mzis weliwadis xangr-

Zlivoba 365 dRe-Rames Seadgenda, maSin, roca realuri, anu tropikuli

weliwadis xangrZlivoba 365, 2422 dRe-Ramea, e.i. egvipturi kalendari

arazusti iyo. qristeSobamde 46 wels romSi iulius keisris mier ganxor-

cielebuli kalendari ufro zusti iyo, romliTac weliwadis xangrZlivoba

365,25 dRe-Ramea, isic arazustia, radganac tropikul weliwads aRemateba

wuTebiTa da wamebiT, rac 128 weliwadSi iZleva 1 dRe-Ramis sxvaobas. es

Seusabamoba gaaswora grigorianulma kalendarma 1582 wels. qarTul war-

marTul kalendars saukuneebiT adre SedarebiT sworad gamouxatavs tropiku-

li weliwadis xangrZlivoba. es r. patariZis dakvirvebiT ase ganxorciele-

bula: qarTuli kalendriT TveSi aris 30 dRe-Rame, weliwadSi _ 12 aseTi

Tve, xolo wlis bolos emateba 5 kalendaruli dRe-Rame, nakian wels ki _ 6

da aseve 0,25 dRe-Rame. kerZod, es ase xdeba: qarTuli anbanis 30 aso-niSani

(maTi saxeldebis principis safuZvelze dayrdnobiT) _ gamoxatavs 30

kalendarul dRe-Rames, qarTuli anbanis ukanaskneli 5 aso-niSani wlis

bolos dasarTveli kalendaruli dRe-Ramea. anbaniT gamoxatulia mzis

weliwadis formulac. kerZod, anbanis meTormete asoTi (`lasi~), romlis

ricxviTi mniSvneloba aris 30. am formulis ZiriTadi elementia: 12l30.

`asomTavruli `lasi~ qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis 30 kalendarul aso-

niSans _ 30 kalendarul dRe-Rames 12-jer angariSobs. amitomac, qarTuli

asomTavruli anbanis 5 darCenili aso-niSani is 5 kalendaruli dRe-Ramea,

romelic wlis bolos, axali wlis dadgomamde 360 dRe-Rames emateba

epagomenebis saxiT, raTa weliwadis xangrZlivobis mzis Zvel-egvipturi

kalendaruli sistema ganxorcieldes~ (iqve, gv. 412). `lasis~ formuliT,

weliwadSi 365 dRea. 12l30=12X30=360 da 5 epagomeni, sul 365 dRe-Rame.

yoveli sami wlis Semdeg ki weliwadis xangrZlivoba qarTuli warma-

rTuli kalendriT 366 dRe-RamiT ganisazRvreboda. es xorcieldeboda


anbanis aso-niSan `wilis~ formuliT. misi anbanuri da rigiTi saTvalavi,

aseTia: 31 wili 4000=31w4000 anu 3+1w4000.

`rogorc `wili~ cxadyofs, erTxel yovel oTx weliwadSi, e.i. nakian

weliwads 365 dRe-Rames erTi _ 31-e dRe-Rame emateba, amis gamo, yovel oTx

weliwadSi erTxel weliwadis xangrZlivoba 365+1=366 dRe-Ramea. amgvarad

aso-niSani `wili~ yovel oTx weliwadSi erTxel 30 dRe-Ramis nacvlad 31

dRe-Rames angariSobs, xolo es saidumlo ̀ wili~-s rigiTi saTvalaviT aris

gancxadebuli~ (iqve, gv. 422).

amas Turme miuTiTebs aRniSnuli asos rigiTi saTvalavi _ 31 (es aris

3+1 e.i. 3 sruli, 1 nakiani), ricxviTi mniSvneloba _ 4000 (`aTasi weli

viTarca erTi dRe~ _ 4000=4-s, e.i. oTx weliwadSi erTxel damateba). misi

anbanuri saTvalavia, (romlis mixedviTac ricxvi 31 iwereba) _ `la~, rac

udris 30+1-s, anu 30-dRian Tveebs erTiT meti Tve emateba saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi, (formulis Sesabamisad), amasve Turme miuTiTebs am aso-niSanis

saxeli _ sityva ̀ wili~, rac nawils, wilads aRniSnavs. mas anbanSi dafaru-

li mniSvnelobac hqonia, rogorc amis Sesaxeb wers `qebaA da didebaA

qarTulisa enisaA~, romelSic aseve aRniSnulia: ̀ wili~ asoA ars da ityvis

yovlad oTx aTassa da ese ars oTxi `rameTu aTasi viTarca erTi~, e.i. w=4,

rac `dafarulad unda acxadebdes, rom 4 wili erTi dRe-Ramea, amitom

`wili~ aso-niSani kalendarulad weliwadSi dRe-Ramis naoTxalia, dRe-

Ramis meoTxedia, oTx weliwadSi ki erTi kalendaruli dRe-Ramea~ (iqve, gv.

422).

sabolood qarTuli kalendriT weliwadis xangrZlivoba Seadgens 365,25

dRe-Rames (3X365 da 1X366), magram Turme tropikul weliwads anbanSi

ganxorcielebuli qarTuli kalendari kidev sxva sistemebiT uaxlovdeba,

rac gadmocemuli aqvs Tavis wignSi r. patariZes.

qarTuli anbanis saSualebiT gadmocemuli yofila aseve mTvaris kalendaric.

qarTuli anbaniT mTvaris kalendari Semdegi sistemiTaa gadmocemuli:

anbanis aso-niSanTa saxelwodebani, maTi rigiTi da anbanuri saTvalavi

kalendris gasaRebs warmoadgens. qarTuli anbanis kalendaruli monaceme-

bi gamowvlilviT aqvs mimoxiluli Tavis wignSi r. patariZes. masve sruli-

ad ueWvelad aqvs dasabuTebuli qarTuli anbanis grafikuli moxazulobis

finikiuridan warmomavloba. patariZis azriT, qarTuli anbani SeumuSavebi-

aT qurumebs qristeSobamde 412 wels, rac imavdroulad kalendris SemoRe-

basac niSnavda. 128 wlis Semdeg qristeSobamde 284 wels dawyebula qarTuli

saxelmwifo erovnuli welTaRricxva.

qarTuli anban-kalendris Semoqmed qurumebs babilonel, qaldevel da

berZen maTematikosTa miRwevebze daufuZnebiaT TavianTi Sroma. iv. javaxiS-

vilis, s. janaSias da sxva mecnierTa Sromebze dayrdnobiT, erTi mxriv, Cven

Tu vaRiarebT, rom qristeSobamde VII-V saukuneebSi saqarTvelos moaSures

Zveli damsxvreuli civilizaciis namsxvrevma tomebma, STamomavlebma xu-


ritebisa, qaldevelebisa, Tobalebisa Tu muSqebisa, unda vaRiaroT isic, rom,

maTma inteleqtualurma nawilma Tan moitana Zveli aRmosavleTis astrono-

miuli, maTematikuri codna, sarwmunoeba da kultura.

Zveli qaldevelebis kulturas udidesi gavlena mouxdenia sxva qveyneb-

is kulturaze. maTgan gavrcelebula ricxviTi mistika, maTematikuri codna,

romelic ganuyofeli nawili yofila qaldeuri mecnierebisa da kultur-

isa. ricxviTi mistikis akvnad da aseve sxva saidumlo mecnierebis kerad

ZvelTaganve iTvleboda qaldea. saberZneTSi qaldeuri swavleba piTagores

ganuviTarebia (ix. iqve. i. Cistiakovis da sxvaTa Sromebze miTiTeba gv. 487).

r. patariZis azriT, swored qarTuli piTagorelebis mier unda Seqmniliyo

qarTuli anbani, romelSic dasturdeba codna, rogorc aRmosavluri, ise

dasavluri civilizaciisa. saqarTveloSi Semosul odesRac didi civili-

zaciis memkvidre qarTul tomebs unda SemoetanaT egvipturi mzisa da

babilonuri mTvaris kalendrebi, romelnic Semdgom qarTul anban-kalen-

darSi SenivTda. qarTuli anban-kalendari, msgavsad piTagoruli moZRvreb-

isa _ saidumlo yofila. is mxolod qurumTa viwro wreSi yofila cnobili,

farnavazis dros mas ramdenadme gavrceleba miuRia sruliad saqarTve-

los qurumTa Soris. qristeSobis Semdeg, qristian qarTvelobas swored es

ukve arsebuli anbani gamouyenebia saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis. ufro metic,

qarTuli anbani nawilobriv, r. patariZis gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, safuZvlad

dasdebia somxuri anbanis Seqmnis princips (ix. iqve, gv. 528-596), rasac

ufro adrec miuTiTebdnen qarTveli istorikosebi.

Cven vfiqrobT, rom anbani, romliTac daiwera qarTul enaze axali aRTqma,

bibliis wignebi, locvebi, qadagebani, romelsac efuZneboda aTaswleulTa

manZilze naweriT gadmocemuli saRmrTo didebismetyveleba, SeuZlebelia

Seqmniliyo suliwmindis monawileobis gareSe. uTuod qarTuli xucuri

anbani suliwmindis Cagonebis Sedegia. dideba mas!

a x a l i a R T q m a u f l i s aa x a l i a R T q m a u f l i s aa x a l i a R T q m a u f l i s aa x a l i a R T q m a u f l i s aa x a l i a R T q m a u f l i s a

israilis didma winaswarmetyvelebma gamoacxades, rom arsi WeSmariti

religiisa _ RmerTisa da kacis kavSirSia, swored am kavSirs anu erTobas

ewodeboda aRTqma.

aRTqma wmida werilSi gamoiTqmoda sityviT ̀ berit~, rac niSnavs pirobas,

kanons, dadgenilebas, romelzec Tanxmdeba ori SemTanxmebeli mxare. wmida

wignebi, romlebSic aRwerilia kavSiri RmerTisa kacTan, warmoadgendnen

erT-erT saSualebas aRTqmis damowmebisas, amitomac maTac ̀ aRTqmas~ uwodebd-

nen. is arsebobda ukve moses epoqaSi. Zvel aRTqmas ganekuTvneba pirveli

winaswarmetyveluri miTiTeba `axali aRTqmisa~. kerZod, ieremias cnobil

winaswarmetyvelebaSi _ ̀ ai, dadgeba dReebi, ambobs ufali, roca me davdeb

israelisa da iudas saxlTan axal aRTqmas~ (ier; 31.30).


Semdgom termini àxali aRTqma~ mravalgzis ixmares TviT ieso qristem

da misma wmida mociqulebma (maTe 26.28, mark. 14.24; luka 22.20; 1 kor. 11.25;

2 kor. 3.6 da sxva).

rogorc aTi mcneba, anu kanoni iwodeboda ̀ aRTqmad~, zustad aseve, gamoTq-

ma àxali aRTqma~ qristianuli eklesiis mier mieniWa wmida wignebs, rom-

lebSic gadmocemulia qristesa da mociqulebis swavleba (ix. tolkovaia

biblia, III, peterb. 1911-1913, gv. 2).

jer kidev ieremias piriT brZanebs ufali àxali aRTqmis~ pirvelad

xsenebisas (qristeSobamde 600 wliT adre) kacobriobis codvaTa daxsnis

Sesaxeb _ `...me maT vapatieb ukanonobas da ar gavixseneb maT codvebs. ase

ambobs ufali, romelmac mogvca mze dRis sinaTled da mTvare da varskv-

lavebi Ramis sinaTled, romelic aRelvebs zRvas, ise, rom xmauroben misi

talRebi, iaRve sabaoTia _ misi saxeli~ (31.33-34).

RvTismetyvelTa Tanaxmad, Zveli aRTqma warmoadgenda momzadebasa da

winaswarmetyvelebas qristeze. nawinaswarmetyvelebi iyo zusti dro da

adgili mesiis Sobisa, mogvTa Tayvaniscema, yrmaTa gawyveta, egvipteSi

gaqceva, winamorbed-winaswarmetyvelis gamoCena, iudevel mwignobarTa da

xelisufalTa mtroba, macxovaris saswaulebi, mesiis uaryofa iudeveli

xalxis mier, tanjva, sikvdili, jojoxeTSi Casvla, aRdgoma, amaRleba da a.S.

(p. svetlov, xristianskoe verouCenie, kiev, 1912, t. I, gv. 125).

`sarwmunoebis simbolo~, romelsac ̀ mrwamssac~ uwodeben, ase gadmoscems

qristes gankacebas _ `romeli CvenTvis kacTaTvis da Cvenisa cxovrebi-

saTvis gardmoxda zeciT da xorcni Seisxna sulisagan wmidisa da mariamis-

agan qalwulisa gankacna, da jvars ecva CvenTvis pontoelisa pilates ze

da ivno da daefla. da aRsdga mesamesa dResa msgavsad werilisa~.

cxadia, `werilSi~ igulisxmeba Zveli aRTqmis wmida wignebi, kerZod ki

winaswarmetyvelTa wignebi. jer kidev abraamis Sesaxeb iyo nabrZanebi (da-

badeba, 12), rom mis mier warmoSobili xalxis mier ̀ ikurTxeba yvela tomebi

da xalxebi dedamiwisa~. swored am erSi ganxorcielebuli macxovris mier

moxda gamosyidva kacobriobisa. sinais aRTqmaSi safuZveli Caeyara xalxs,

romelic unda qceuliyo `wmida xalxad da mRvdelTa samefod~ (gamosvl.

19). am xalxidan qristianobis macocxlebeli sarwmunoeba miiRes msoflios

sxva xalxebma. esaiac yvela xalxTa mxsnelad warmoadgens mesias _ ̀ ...yove-

li eri misken daiwyebs denas. daiZvreba uTvalavi xalxi da ityvis: modi,

avideT uflis mTaze iakobis saxlSi. gvaswavlos Tavisi gzebi da misi

bilikebiT viaroT, radgan rjuli sionidan gamova da uflis sityva _

ierusalimidan. samarTals ganikiTxavs igi erebs Soris da amxilebs uTva-

lav xalxs. maxvilebisgan saxnisebs gamoWedaven da Subebisagan _ namglebs,

eri erze aRar aRmarTavs maxvils da aRaravin iswavlis oms~ (esaia, 2).

winaswarmetyveli xedavs momaval cxebuls, romelic moitans mSvidobasa

da Tavisuflebas. misi mefoba Secvlis yovel arsebas _ `xalxma, bnelSi


moarulma, ixila naTeli didi, wyvdiadis qveyanaSi mcxovreblebs naTeli

gamoubrwyinda. Sen gaamravle xalxi, gauzarde mas sixaruli... radgan Sen

dalewe misi kirTebis uReli... radgan SegveZina Svili, mogveca Ze... ewoda

saxelad sakvirveli mrCeveli, RmerTi Zlieri, maradisobis mama, mSvidobis

mTavari, xelmwifebis gansadideblad da uboloo mSvidobisaTvis daviTis

taxtze da mis samefoSi...~ (esaia, 9).

winaswarmetyveli ganagrZobs mesiis Sesaxeb _ `amova ylorti ieses Re-

rodan da misi fesvebis amonayari gaixarebs. daivanebs masze uflis suli,

suli sibrZnisa da gonierebisa, suli rCevisa da simxnevisa, suli Segnebisa

da uflis SiSisa... simarTliT gansjis Rarib-RatakT, sisworiT ganikiTxavs

qveynis bedSavT... simarTle iqneba sartyelad mis welze... dadgeba mgeli

cxvarTan erTad da vefxvi dabinavdeba cikanTan erTad, xbo, lomi da

nasuqali pirutyvi erTad iqnebian da Cvili bavSvi waruZRveba maT... im

dRes xalxTa droSad dadgeba ieses fesvi da misken daiwyeben denas tomebi,

dideba iqneba misi saSvebeli~ (esaia, 11).

esaias darad miqa winaswarmetyvelic mesiis eras ukavSirebs yvela xalxebis

moqcevasa da gadarCenas _ `ukanasknel dReebSi iqneba, rom mTebis TavSi

damyardeba uflis saxlis mTa, gorakebze maRla aRimarTeba da misken

daiwyebs denas xalxebi. movlen uamravi xalxebi da ityvian: wamo, avideT

uflis mTaze da iakobis RvTis taZarSi, rom gvaswavlos Tavisi gzebi da

viaroT misi bilikebiT, radgan sionidan gamodis rjuli da ierusalimidan

_ uflis sityva~ (miqa, 4:1-2).

uflis mosvlis Semdgom damyarebul dausrulebel samefos ieremia ̀ axal

aRTqmas~, xolo ezekieli `saukuno aRTqmas~ uwodebs _ winaswarmetyvelis

piri RaRadebs _ `davudeb maT mSvidobis aRTqmas da saukuno aRTqma iqneba

maTTvis. davamkvidreb maT da gavamravleb, maT Soris davdgam Cems sawmind-

ars saukunod. iqneba maTze Cemi movaneba, veyolebi maT RmerTad, isini ki Cemi

eri iqnebian. maSin mixvdebian xalxebi, rom ufali var, israelis ganwmendeli,

da Cemi sawmidaris saukuno myofobiT maT Soris~ (ezek. 37:26-27).

Zveli aRTqmis gamocxadebis mwvervalia esaias winaswarmetyveleba, romelmac

iwinaswarmetyvela ara marto Cveni mxsnelis _ qristes _ daviTis sag-

vareulodan warmoSoba, qalwulis mier misi mucladReba, Soba da eman-

uelad saxeldeba (esaia 7:14), aramed Cveni codvebis daxsnisaTvis misi

vnebaca da sikvdili _ `namdvilad ki, man ikisra Cveni snebebi da itvirTa

Cveni satanjveli, Cven ki gvegona, RvTisagan iyo nacem-nagvemi da damcirebu-

li. magram is Cveni codvebisaTvis iyo daWrili, Cveni ukeTurobebisaTvis

dalewili. masze iyo sasjeli Cveni simrTelisaTvis da misi wylulebiT

Cven ganvikurneT... evno da ewama, magram ar dauZravs bage, kraviviT dasakla-

vad miiyvanes da rogorc cxvari dums mparsvelTa winaSe, masac ar dauZravs

bage~ (esaia, 53:4-5, 7-8).


man iwinaswarmetyvela, rom macxovris uwinares mova winamorbedi da

moamzadebs xalxs mis misaRebad, ityvis rom is iqneba qriste, ese igi

cxebuli RvTisa, rom is iqneba RmerTi da kaci, rom is moaxdens saswaulebs;

misi sityviT, koWlebi ivlian, brmebi aRixilaven, mkvdrebi aRdgebian, rom is

ewvaleba, mokvdeba da amiT gamoixsnis yvela mis morwmunes, is aRsdgeba da

daafuZnebs simarTlis da mSvidobis sasufevels da mis sufevas ar eqneba

dasasruli, rameTu misi samefo, axali ierusalimi, iqneba WeSmariti samefo

RvTisa gardamosuli qveynad.

winaswarmetyvelebani aRsrulda, magram ise, rom is, visac elodnen, movida

wynarad da SeumCnevlad (emanuil svetlov, vestniki carstva boJia, 1972, gv.

488-492), raTa axali aRTqma daedo rCeul erTan, rogorc ambobda ieremias

piriT ufali _ `es aris is aRTqma, romelic unda davudo israelis saxls

im drois Semdeg, ambobs ufali. wiaRSi Cavudeb maT Cems rjuls da gulze

davawer. maTi RmerTi viqnebi me da isini Cemi eri iqnebian~ (ier. 31:32).

movida is, romelic ixila danielma CvenebiT _ ̀ Cems Ramis xilvaSi vnaxe:

aha, cis Rrublebze modioda kacis Zis msgavsi, igi Zvel dReTagan movida

da wardgenil iqna mis winaSe. mieca mas xelmwifoba, dideba da mefoba, raTa

yvela xalxi, tomni da enani mas emsaxuron. misi xelisufleba saukuno

xelmwifebaa, bolo ar eqneba mas da misi samefo ar daiqceva~ (dan. 7:13-14).

yvela xalxi, tomi da ena iqca ieso qristes Tayvanismcemlad, rCeuli eri

israilisa, amis Semdgom, swored maT, mis morwmune qristianebs ewodaT,

swored maT miecaT axali aRTqma.

yvela qristianma erma Tavisi sasuliero mwerloba `saRmrTo werilis~,

anu bibliis TargmniT daiwyo. axali aRTqmis berZnulidan Targmna meore

saukunidanve dauwyiaT. maT Soris pirveli siriuli Targmanebi yofila.

siriuli ena axlos yofila arameul dialeqtTan, romelzec laparakobd-

nen qriste da mociqulebi.

qarTulad saxareba mexuTe saukuneSi ukve Targmnili iyo. iakob xucesi,

romelmac `wameba wmidisa SuSanikisi dedoflisa~ 476-483 wlebSi dawera,

sxva wignTa Soris moixseniebs saxarebasac _ `evangelies~ saxeliT. iakob

xucesi wers: rodesac curtavSi SuSanik dedofali ganudga gamazdeanebul

qmars _ varsqen pitiaxSs da kvlav taZrad mivida, man `Tana waritanna

evangelie Tvisi da wmidani igi wignni mowameTani~, sapyrobileSi ki `...did-

iTa gulis-modginebiTa xelTa aRixvna daviTni da mciredTa dReTa Semdgo-

mad asergasisni igi fsalmunni daiswavlna~. maSasadame, V saukuneSi ukve

arsebula qarTulad ̀ saxareba~, wmida mowameTa cxovrebis aRwera da daviT-

ni (iv. lolaSvili, wignisa da mwerlobis sawyisebTan, 1978, gv. 8).

sityva ̀ evangelie~ klasikur berZnulSi aRniSnavs keTili ambis cnobas _

xarebas. axal aRTqmaSi aRniSnavs xarebas imisas, rom qristem Seariga

adamianebi RmerTTagan da Cven mogvitana sasufevlis sikeTe, amitomac ewo-

da qarTulad evangeles _ saxareba.


Cveni mematianes Tanaxmad, vaxtang mefis dedisaTvis saxareba gaucvniaT

V saukunis Sua wlebSi, xolo VI saukunis 30-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos

farglebs gareT arsebuli saba ganwmendilis monastris damaarseblis, wmi-

da sabas `anderZi~ gvauwyebs, rom iberielebs `neba eZlevaT warTqvan Jamni

da samxrisaA, warikiTxon samociqulo da saxareba TavianT dedaenaze~.

maSasadame, sabawmindel qarTvel berebs V saukunis meore naxevarSi xelT

hqoniaT qarTuli `samociqulo~ da qarTulive `saxareba~ (iqve, gv. 9).

saxarebis uZveles qarTul Targmanebs ̀ pirveliTgans~ uwodebdnen, gior-

gi mTawmideli am Targmanebs `wmidad Targmnilebs~ uwodebda da did

mniSvnelobas aniWebda: `Cvenni yovelni saxarebani pirveliTgan wmidad

Targmnilni arian da keTilad _ xanmetnica da sabawmindurnica~. i. lo-

laSvilis azriT, ̀ pirveliTganSi~ igulisxmeba IV saukuneSive, CvenSi qris-

tianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadebisas Targmnili saxarebani

(iqve, gv. 9).

saRmrTo werili yvelaze adre Targmnila qarTulad. am TargmanebiT

dawyebula qarTuli saeklesio mwerloba. efrem mcires sityviT, qarTvelebs

maSin dauwyiaT saRmrTo werilis Targmna, roca msoflio eklesias jer

kidev `araraA aqunda sxvaA sagalobelad saeklesioA, Tvinier fsalmunTa

wignisa~. e.i. maSin, roca RvTismsaxurebaSi himnografiuli elementi jer

ganviTarebuli ar iyo da araviTari wesis Sesruleba ar SeiZleboda ̀ saRm-

rTo werilis~ (bibliis) wignebis gareSe (k. kekeliZe, qarT. lit. istoria I,

gv. 441). marTlac, petre iberis cxovrebis Tanaxmad, petres jer kidev

saqarTveloSi, konstantinepols gamgzavrebamde (424 wlamde) Seuswavlia

wmida werili, xolo, matianes cnobiT, vaxtang gorgasals mdidrulad Se-

umkia saxareba (iqve, gv. 412).

Tu verwmunebiT cnobas andria pirvelwodebulisa da sxva mociqulebis

saqarTveloSi qadagebis Sesaxeb, mesukavel mowameTa (I-II ss) cxovrebis

cnobebsa da agreTve ioane sabanisZis VIII saukuneSi naTqvams, rom mesame

saukunidan saqarTvelos mosaxleoba ukve gaqristianebulia, maSin unda

vifiqroT, rom wmida werils zepirad Targmna _ qadagebis gziT qarTvelebi

meoTxe saukunemde unda gacnobodnen, xolo IV-V saukuneebSi CvenSi ukve

rom arsebobda `pirveliTgani~ Targmanebi, sandod unda miviCnioT. miT

umetes, rom moRweulia mravali xelnaweri, mecnierTa mier V-VI saukunee-

biT daTariRebuli. gansakuTrebiT ki palimfsestebi. arsebobs Zveli Targ-

manebis (pirveliTganis) ramdenime redaqcia. esenia xanmeti (aso x-aniT

meti) da haemeti. Semdgomia e.w. ̀ sabawminduri~. romelic, k. kekeliZis Tanax-

mad, xanmetisagan fonetikurad gansxvavdeboda, imiT, rom xan-ebi ukve aRar

ixmareboda, Tumca SesaZleblad miiCneva sabawmindur redaqciaSi x-anis

magier h-aes xmareba. es redaqciebi IV-IX saukuneebSi Tavsdeba. axali

redaqcia wmida werilisa, kerZod ki saxarebisa ekuTvnis eqvTime aTonels


(mestiis saxareba 1033 w. da metexis saxareba 1049 w.) _ mas teqsti Seujere-

bia axal, imJamindel berZnul redaqciasTan. es Sroma gaugrZelebia giorgi

mTawmindels, mas saxarebis teqsti samjer Seumowmebia berZnul teqstTan da

moucia axali, damoukidebeli redaqcia, romelmac saqarTveloSi moipova

kanonikuri Rirseba da mniSvneloba qarTuli vulgatisa (iqve, gv. 414).

saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis, cxadia, Zveladve ̀ pirveliTgan~ iTargmneboda

samociquloc.

SuSanikis martvilobidan Cans, rom pavles epistoleni V saukuneSi arse-

bobda, Tumca samociqulos Zveli nusxebi (XI s-mde arsebulni) naklebad

Semonaxula CvenSi. eqvTime aTonels, samociqulos zogierTi teqstis re-

daqtirebac unda ekuTvnodes, kerZod ki apokalifsisa, anu gamocxadebisa.

mas k. kekeliZe miiCnevs pirvel Targmanad, magram SeuZlebelia is manamdec

ar hqonodaT qarTvelebs, masve uTargmnia pavles zogierTi epistole, gan-

martebebTan erTad. samociqulo ufro srulad uTargmnia (e.i. moucia axa-

li redaqcia axali aRTqmis am nawilisa) giorgi mTawmindels. mas uTargm-

nia `pavle sruli da saqme mociqulTa da kaTolikeni mociqulTani~. is

yofila Zveli qarTuli teqstis redaqtireba da ara axali Targmani berZnul-

idan. redaqtireba rom yofila, amas amowmebs efrem mcirec _ kerZod,

aRniSnavs, rom giorgim mTlianad ver gawyvita kavSiri Zvel qarTul teqst-

Tano (iqve, gv. 416). es redaqciac samociqulosi kanonikuri gamxdara.

Zveli aRTqmis wignebi qarTvelebs, rogorc Cans, septantadan uTargmniaT

(cnobilia, rom Zveli aRTqmis ebrauli dedani qristeSobamde mesame saukune-

Si aleqsandriaSi berZnul enaze gadauTargmnia 70 mTargmnels _ mas uwodes

septanta (`septuaginta~), Tumca, zogierTi qarTuli Targmani Sedarebulia II

saukuneSi ebraulidan berZnul enaze Sesrulebul TargmanebTanac (cnobil-

ia II saukunis sami Targmani: akvilasi, svimaxosisa da Teodotianesi).

dReisaTvis gadarCenilia Zveli aRTqmis zogierTi wignis xelnawerebis

nawilebi, zogierTi wigni ki mTlianad. bibliis sruli qarTuli nusxa,

romelic Cvenamdea moRweuli, 978 welsaa gadawerili mesxeTSi, `lavrasa

Sina didsa uSks~ (oSks) da daculia aTonze, iverTa monasterSi.

arsebobs mosazreba, rom eqvTime da giorgi mTawmindelebs uTargmniaT

mTeli biblia, k. kekeliZe am azrs ar eTanxmeba.

bibliis meore redaqcia aris 1743 wlisa, esaa moskovSi baqar batoniSvi-

lis mier dabeWdili teqsti.

mesame redaqcia meTvramete saukunisaa, mas mcxeTuri biblia ewodeba. is

uZvelesi xelnaweridan gadauweriaT, romelSiac bibliis teqsti dayofili

ar yofila Tavebad da muxlebad. gansakuTrebul, anu m. janaSviliseuls

uwodebs k. kekeliZe XV-XVI saukuneebis xelnawerebs (iqve, gv. 418-419);

1884 wels TbilisSi meored daibeWda moskovis gamocema. 1989 wels

TbilisSi gamoica bibliis axali Targmani, manamde ki axali aRTqmis teqsti

ramdenjerme daibeWda.


a r m a z i , a h u r a m a z d a , m o l o d i n i m e s i i s aa r m a z i , a h u r a m a z d a , m o l o d i n i m e s i i s aa r m a z i , a h u r a m a z d a , m o l o d i n i m e s i i s aa r m a z i , a h u r a m a z d a , m o l o d i n i m e s i i s aa r m a z i , a h u r a m a z d a , m o l o d i n i m e s i i s a

Cven mama-papaTa rjuli, sarwmunoeba, ukve ori aTasi welia qristianobaa,

yovladwmida samebis Tayvaniscema. iqamde ki, ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad,

`sjuli mamaTa CvenTa~ iyo Tayvaniscema kerpTa da mnaTobTa.

mamaTa rjuli Zvel qarTvelobas mtkiced epyra, iqamde, rom TviT mefesac

ki, qveynis TviTmpyrobels qveynidan aZevebdnen, Tuki is gabedavda da wina-

parTa sarwmunoebisadmi orgulobas gamoamJRavnebda. farnavazis SvilTaS-

vili, meoTxe mefe iberiisa, anu qarTlis samefosi _ farnajomi _ mazdeano-

bisa da cecxlTayvanismcemlobisaken midrekila da kerpmsaxureba uaruyvia,

amis gamo qarTlis erisTavebma ganacxades: _ `mefe Cveni gardaxda sjulsa

mamaTa CvenTasa, arRara msaxurebs RmerTTa mpyrobelTa qarTlisaTa, aw

arRara Rirs ars igi mefed Cvenda~ (qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 29). marTlac,

mefes SeebrZolnen, mokles da mis nacvlad taxtze sul sxva, axali dinas-

tiis fuZemdebeli mefe aiyvanes.

axalgazrdobisas (da gamefebis Semdeg) farnajomi qarTuli rjulis

moyvare da misi morwmune yofila, aRumarTavs zadenis kerpi zaden cixesTan,

rac im droisaTvis taZris movaleobas asrulebda. `amis Semdgomad Seiy-

vara sjuli sparsTa, cecxlis msaxureba, moiyvana sparseTiT cecxlismsax-

urni da mogvni da dasxna igini mcxeTas, adgilsa mas, romelsa ese hqvian

mogvTa da iwyo cxadad gmobad kerpTa, amisTvis moiZules igi mkvidrTa

qarTlisaTa, rameTu didi sasoeba aqundaT kerpTa mimarT~ (iqve, 29). qarTv-

el `mamaTa rjulis~ gmoba Zvirad daujda qarTvelTa mefes.

qarTvelTa warmarTuli sarwmunoebis amsaxveli pirvelwyaroebi kerpeb-

is Sesaxeb naklebad laparakoben _ qarTvelni Tayvans scemdneno mzes,

mTvaresa da xuT varskvlavs, Tumca ki ufro adre _ warmarTobamde, qarTvelebi

WeSmariti RmerTis mcnobni da misi morwmuneni iyvneno.

WeSmariti RmerTi qarTvelebs dauviwyebiaT erTiani, protoqarTveluri

eTnosis daSlis Semdeg an ufro mogvianebiT: `STavarda Suri Soris Svil-

Ta qarTlosisaTa: iwyes brZolad da xdomad urTierTas... da ganagrZeles

maT Soris brZola, romel Jamsame aRdgian amaTganni orni naTesavni erTsa

zeda da sxvani Seeweodian... da romelnimme kvalad sxvani aRsdges erTma-

neTsa zeda da sxvani Seeweodian~ (qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 10).

am droisaTvis, rogorc aRiniSna, maTSi moSlila WeSmariti sarwmunoebis

codna _ ̀ da mas Jamsa daiviwyes RmerTi, dambadebeli maTi da iqmnes msaxur

mzisa da mTvarisa da varskvlavTa xuTTa da mtkice da ufrosi saficari

maTi iyo saflavi qarTlosisa~ (iqve, gv. 11). rogorc vxedavT, am epoqaSi

qarTvelebs xeliT qmnili kerpebi, raime qandakebani, ̀ TavianTi Tavis msgav-

si kerpi~ ar SeuqmniaT da arc Tayvans scemdnen maT, Tumca ki dambadebelis,

qveynis Semoqmedis nacvlad Tayvani sces mis qmnilebebs _ zeciur sx-


eulebs. mzis, mTvarisa da xuTi varskvlavis Tayvaniscemis mogoneba bolo

dromde SemorCenila qarTvelTa Soris. XX saukunis dasawyisSi, ambobs

ivane javaxiSvili, samegreloSi deda akvnis Cvils xelSi ayvanils mnaTob-

Ta saxelebs agonebdao:

_ ̀ TuTa, Taxa, juma, ca, vobi, sabateni, bJa~, TuTa _ mTvarea, Taxa _ Tarxoni

anu marsia (iv. javaxiSvili, I, 1979, gv. 176), juma _ hermesi _ merkuria

(`jimaRi~), ca _ ciskris varskvlavi anu afroditea (iqve, gv. 178), vebi _

elva-quxilis, xeTur-xaldeuris monaTesave RvTaeba, sabateni _ nasesxebi

sityva `SabaTia~, amiT aRiniSneboda mnaTobi kronosi, romelsac qarTulad

`morige~ hqvia da meSvide caze myofad miiCneoda.

xazgasmiTaa aRsaniSnavi: qarTuli warmarToba imdenad srulyofilad

damuSavebuli da daxvewili iyo, rom `aramcTu sazogado qarTuli, yvela

qarTul tomTaTvis, maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvisac, saerTo warmarTo-

ba arsebobda, aramed am warmarTobas saerTo terminologiac, saerTo enac

qarTuli hqonia~ (iqve, gv. 156).

saqarTveloSi sarwmunoebis ena qarTuli iyo, es wesi mtkiced damkvi-

drebula uZveles dros yvela qarTul tomSi. es miT ufro dasafasebelia,

rom sarwmunoebis ena TviT gvian saukuneebSic ki, xSirad ara mSobliuri

ena iyo zogierT xalxSi.

qarTuli warmarToba qarTvelebisaTvis gamSobliurebul-gaerovnebuli

yofila, amitomac mas mtkice winaaRmdegoba gauwevia TviT iranuli religi-

isaTvis, romelsac asaxva upovia `sparselTa wminda wignSi~ _ avestaSi

(zoroastrizmi).

`qarTul warmarTobas Tavisi mtkiced Camoyalibebuli panTeonic hqonia,

am panTeonSi zogi mTavar RvTaebad iTvleboda, zogi da umetesoba umcros

RvTaebaTa jgufs ekuTvnoda~ (iqve, gv. 156).

ivane javaxiSvilis azriT, warmarTobisdroindeli qarTvelebis mTavar

`RvTaebad~ mTvare iTvleboda. yvelgan, sadac ki qarTvelebs ucxovriaT,

mTvaris Tayvaniscemis kvali SerCenilia. ara marto saqarTveloSi, pontosa

da frigiaSi, `sadac erT dros qarTveli tomebi binadrobdnen strabonis

sityviT, mTvaris Tayvaniscema gavrcelebuli yofila~ (iqve, gv. 99).

mTvaris, viTar mTavar meufis da RvTaebis Tayvaniscema, yvela qarTveli

tomis rwmenad unda CaiTvaloso, _ werda is (iqve, gv. 99). panTeonSi umaRles

RvTaebebad miiCneoda aseve ̀ RmerTi Semoqmedi~ da ̀ ca _ RrubelTa batoni~

(iqve, gv. 101). uzenaes RvTaebas `morigesac~ uwodebdnen. is kronosi unda

yofiliyo. qarTuli 7-dRiani msgefsis yoveli dRe mnaTobTadmi iyo miZRvni-

li da maT sadideblad iyo saxeldebuli. kvira mzis dRe iyo, orSabaTi _

mTvarisa, samSabaTi _ ariasi, oTxSabaTi _ ermisa, xuTSabaTi _ afroditisa,

paraskevi _ diosisa, SabaTi _ kronosisa. mTvare marTlac gansakuTrebiT

pativdebuli yofila. TviT Cems siymawvileSic ki zogi moxuci orSabaTs


uqmobda (orSabaTi ki mTvarisadmi, uzenaesisadmi yofila miZRvnili), xolo

zogan Cvil bavSvs mTvares daanaxebdnen da pirjvars asaxvinebdnen. am

dros eubnebodnen _ ài, fufala~ da gulisxmobdnen ufals (warmarTuli

Cvevebis aRorZineba eklesiis dacemam gamoiwvia XX s-Si). r. patariZem

ZvelqarTuli anban-kalendris kvlevisas faqtobrivad daadastura ivane

javaxiSvilis sityvebi: èxla roca gamoirkva, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba

hqonda Zveli qarTvelebis sarwmunoebaSi mTvares da mis mdgomareobas,

mcxralisa, gavsebulisa, da mTvaris aRvsebis gamocnobas, cxadia, rom xatis

msaxurebs kargad unda scodnodaT mTvaris angariSi, swored ase iyo kidec,

fSavsa da xevsureTs, xevisbersa da dekanozs rom hkiTxoT, _ ambobda am 55

wlis winaT r.erisTavi, mTvare ramdeni dRisaa, erT wamsve miiRebT swor

pasuxso. vin ar icis, rom saqarTveloSi am oci wlis winaT yvelam Cinebulad

icoda, zogma exlac icis mTvaris raodenobis gaangariSeba~ (iqve, gv. 98).

qarTul warmarTobasac Tavisi istoria hqonia, droTa ganmavlobaSi gan-

viTarebula, SeuZenia axal-axali elementebi, mnaTobTa Tayvaniscemis gver-

diT kerpTa Tayvaniscemac SemouRia qarTvelobas.

saistorio wyaroebis mixedviT qarTul warmarTul panTeonSi pirveloba

hqonia armazs.

safiqrebelia, kerpTa Tayvaniscema axladSeqmnili erTiani warmarTuli

saxelmwifoebriobis ganmtkicebis saWiroebisTvis SemouRiaT qveynis

mmarTvelebs, magaliTad, dasavleT-aRmosavleT-samxreT saqarTvelos gaer-

Tianebisa da damoukidebeli samefos sazRvarTa ganmtkicebis Semdgom ̀ far-

navaz Seqmna kerpi didi saxelsa zeda Tvissa; es ars armazi, rameTu far-

navazs sparsulad armaz erqva, amarTa kerpi igi Tavsa zeda qarTlisasa da

amieriTgan ewoda armazi kerpisa misTvis da qmna satfureba didi kerpisa

misTvis aRmarTebulisa~ (`qarTlis cxovreba~, I, gv. 25) armazi _ gaerTianeb-

uli da gaTavisuflebuli pirveli erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos mfarvel

`RvTaebad~ unda yofiliyo warmodgenili. wyaros Tanaxmad, farnavazamdec

azonis qveynis sazRvrebic faqtobrivad sruliad saqarTvelos moicavda,

azons, Cans, Tavisi saxelmwifos ganmtkicebis mizniT, pirvelad SemouRia

kerpTayvaniscema. `qarTlis cxovreba~ wers _ àman azon dauteva sjuli

aleqsandres mocemuli, iwyo kerpTmsaxurebad da Seqmnna orni kerpni ver-

cxlisani: `gaci da gaim~. aleqsandre makedonelis mier qarTvelTaTvis

datovebuli sjuli ki yofila mnaTobTa da uxilavi RmerTis Tayvaniscema

_ ùbrZana aleqsandre azons, raTa pativs scemdes mzesa da mTvares da

varskvlavTa xuTTa da hmsaxurebdnen RmerTsa uxilavsa, dambadebelsa yov-

lisasa, rameTu mas Jamsa ara iyo winaswarmetyveli da moZRvari sjulisa

WeSmaritisa, romelmanca aswava da amxila aramed TviT moigona sjuli ese

aleqsandre, mefobasa Sina yovelsa qveyanasa sjuli ese daudva da wavida

aleqsandre~ (iqve, gv. 19).


cnobilia, rom aleqsandre makedoneli Tayvans scemda ̀ RmerTTa~ berZnul

panTeons, mnaTobTa da uxilavi RmerTis Tayvaniscema iyo ara aleqsandres

rjuli, aramed qarTvelTa pirvelwinaprebisa, rogorc amas iqve, ramdenime

Tavis win wers qarTveli mematiane. unda vifiqroT, rom aleqsandrem an

misma romelime satrapma, Tuki isini saqarTveloSi iyvnen, saWirod CaTvales

qarTvelTa erovnuli sarwmunoebisaTvis pativi miegoT da daekanonebinaT.

saxels armazisas mematiane sparsulTan akavSirebs, ̀ farnavazs sparsulad

armaz erqva~-o, mecnierTa erTi nawili mas ahuramazdasTan _ sparsul uzen-

aes RvTaebasTan akavSirebs, sxvebi ki xeTur mTvaris RvTaebis saxel ̀ armas~-

Tan. armazis saxels ahuramazdasTan akavSirebda ivane javaxiSvili da wer-

da: àrmazis Sesaxeb cnobebs rom sparsul ahuramazdasTan saxelis meti

saerTo araferi aqvs, es ucilobelia~ (iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSr. gv. 145).

armazis Tayvaniscemasa da mazdeanobas Soris saerTo niSnebs ver xedav-

en, magram, miuxedavad amisa, cecxlTayvanismcemlobas saqarTveloSic Se-

mouRwevia da nawilobriv gavrcelebula kidec.

`mazdeanoba rom erT xans saqarTveloSic gavrcelebuli iyo da maSasa-

dame, ahuramazda-armazis Tayvaniscemac unda yofiliyo Cvens qveyanaSi _ es

cxadia~, _ wers iv. javaxiSvili.

`...wmida nino maSindel qarTvelebs ase axasiaTebs: `vxedevdiT, cecxlis

msaxursa mas ersa da mogvebsa da cTomasa maTsa zeda vtirodio~.

zoroastrizmi _ iranidan gavrcelda sxva qveynebSi, isic ùxilav Rm-

erTsa~, da ciur sxeulebs Tayvanscemda da amitomac, albaT qarTvelTa

sarwmunoebasTan msgavsebis gamo, saqarTveloSic hpova gavrceleba. Tumca

ki, qarTul erovnul sarwmunoebas misTvis medgari winaaRmdegoba gauwevia.

zoroastri, anu zaraTuStra winaswarmetyvelad miiCneva. am religiis

wmida kanonia _ avesta, xolo uzenaesi RvTaeba _ ahuramazda, romlis

saxelis mixedviTac zoroastrizms mazdeanobac hqvia. is saqarTveloSi

qristianobamde imdenad gavrcelebula, rom misi mZlavri gavlenis kvali

dRemde SemorCa qarTul enas (taZari, kerpi, zvaraki, eSma, jojoxeTi, marTa-

li, warmarTi, bagini, droSa, anderZi, dasturi da sxva). Cans gansakuTrebiTac

moukidnia fexi qarTlis samefos mmarTvel zedafenaSi, amis maCvenebelia

maT Soris gavrcelebuli iranul-zoroastruli Teoforuli saxelebi _

farnavazi, farnajomi, artavazi, arSaki, bagrati, bakuri, bartomi, mirdati,

adarnase, azorki da sxva (m. andronikaSvili, narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli

enobrivi urTierTobidan 1. 1966).

`parsebis wminda wigni _ avesta, romelsac zogjer ìranul bibliasac~

ki uwodebdnen _ zoroastrizmis sulieri codnis Semcvelia. Cans, swored

mas uwodebdnen qarTvelebi ̀ nebroTis wigns~, romelic ZvelqarTuli wyaroebis

Tanaxmad, winaqristianul epoqaSi qarTvelTaTvis cnobili yofila, pavle

ingoroyva miiCnevs, rom is qarTul enazec iyo Targmnili da mefeTa sax-

lebSi inaxeboda.


mazdeanoba popularuli gaxda qristianobamdel msoflioSi, mas gavlen-

ac ki mouxdenia gviandel iudaizmze, SeWrila romaul religiaSi, suli

Cauberia gnosticizmisa da maniqevelobisaTvis (e. svetlovi, vestnik carst-

va boJia, V, briuseli, 1972 gv. 363).

unda iTqvas, rom msoflioSi erTaderTi religia, romelic icnobda mesi-

anizms (igulisxmeba bibliuri samyaros gareT) esaa mesianizmi zaraStutrasi

(iqve, gv. 493), sxvaTa Soris, es Cans qarTuli wyaroebidanac, romelsac

qveviT ganvixilavT. israelis winaswarmetyvelTa garda mxolod mazdeanobas

swamda momavali sufeva uflisa, mxolod is moeloda msoflios mxsnelis

mosvlas amqveynad, swored zaratuStras qurumebi _ mogvebi _ mividnen

pirvelni Cveni macxovris iesos Sobisas mis Tayvanissacemlad, swored

isini elodnen mis mosvlas am qveynad da pirvelebma Seityves es. Tanaxmad

maTe maxareblisa _ `xolo roca iudeis beTlemSi daibada ieso qriste,

herodes mefobis Jams, aha, aRmosavleTiT movidnen mogvni ierusalims da

Tqves: sad aris iudevelTa axalSobili mefe? vinaidan vixileT misi var-

skvlavi aRmosavleTSi da movediT, raTa Tayvani vceT mas. es rom gaigo,

SeZrwunda mefe herode da mTeli ierusalimi masTan erTad. da Sekriba

yvela mRvdelmTavari da eris mwignobarni da gamoikiTxa maTgan, sad unda

Sobiliyo ieso qriste. xolo maT uTxres mas: iudeis beTlemSi, vinaidan ase

daiwera winaswarmetyvelis mier... maSin herodem farulad mouwoda mogvebs da

gamoikiTxa maTgan varskvlavis gamoCenis Jami da wargzavna isini beTlems...

xolo maT usmines mefes da wavidnen da aha varskvlavi, romelic ixiles

aRmosavleTiT, win miuZRvoda maT, sanam ar mivida da Tavs ar daadga im

adgils, sadac yrma iyo... da rodesac Sevidnen saxlSi, ixiles yrma mariamTan,

Tavis dedasTan erTad, da daemxnen da Tayvani sces mas da gaxsnes TavianTi

saunje da miarTves mas ZRveni: oqro, gundruki da muri~ (maTe, 2:1-11).

es moTxroba, e.svetlovis azriT, gviCvenebs, rom axali aRTqma raRacnair-

ad dakavSirebulia bibliisgare religiur samyarosTan, rom israelis

sazRvrebs gareTac adamianebi elodnen mxsnelis mosvlas.

saxarebis dedanSi sityva `mogvi~ JRers rogorc `magi~ (Magoi), rac

saerTod ewodeba jadoqrobaSi daxelovnebul adamianebs; Zvelad ki anti-

kur dros sityva `mags~ iranuli religiis qurumebs uwodebdnen, rogorc

es aRniSnuli iyo, da swored maT sces pirvelebma Tayvani warmarTTagan

RmerTkacs bagaSive.

es SemTxveviT ar yofila: e. svetlovis azriT, niSandoblivia, rom Zveli

aRTqma, medgrad mebrZoli egviptis, babilonis, finikiis, saberZneTis `Rm-

erTebis~ winaaRmdeg, arsad pirdapir ar gamodis iranis religiis winaaRm-

deg (iqve, gv. 362). mazda ahura (ahuramazda) niSnavda yovlismpyrobel da

yovladbrZen ufals. isaa `Semoqmedi~ samyaroisa da simarTlisa. samyaro

RmTaebrivi Semoqmedis mieraa Seqmnili, ahuramazdas gverdiT dgas eqvsi


zeciuri suli (esenia) _ `keTili fiqri~ (azri), `simarTle~, `siwminde~,

`sikeTis samefo~, `janmrTeloba~, `ukvdaveba~ _ yvelani eseni suliwmindis

mier arian Seqmnilni, ras niSnavs es? _ erTian RmerTs Tu qristes warmarT

winamorbeds iranis miwaze? arsebiTad es sruliad dasaSvebia, visa aqvs

ufleba SezRudos suli wmidis moqmedeba erTi adgiliT? maxareblis si-

tyvebiT, gana is ar sunTqavs, iq, sadac nebavs? Tu eklesiis mamebi antikur

azrovnebaSi xedavdnen axali aRTqmis preludias, ra uSlis xels igive

iTqvas zarastutras swavlebaze? TviT biblia ar gamoricxavs imis Sesa-

Zleblobas, rom RmerTi ixsneba `warmarTTaTvis~ (iqve, gv. 368).

mazdeanobas swamda, rom sikeTis RmerTi sabolood gaimarjvebda da

didebiT moevlineboda dedamiwas, boroteba ki damarcxdeboda, xolo is

adamianebi, romlebic mazdas emsaxurebodnen azriT, sityviT da saqmiT, da-

jildovdebodnen RvTis am sasufevelSi (iqve, gv. 375). RmerTis sasufeveli

(kxSatra) warmoadgenda jamsa da gvirgvins msoflio yofisas, zarastutras

sikvdilis Semdeg warmoiSva rwmena imisa, rom mazda adamianebs gamougza-

vnida axal mxsnels, es rwmena sabolood iudaur mesianizms daemsgavsa.

magebi aswavlidnen, rom garkveuli drois Semdeg mxsneli dedamiwaze mov-

idoda, raTa boroteba daemarcxebina (iqve, gv. 377). am rwmeniT xom ar

gahyvnen iraneli mogvebi beTlemisaken varskvlavs?

yovelive zemomoyvanili CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa `qarTlis

cxovrebis~ erTi adgilis amoxsnisaTvis, romelic dakavSirebulia mociqulTa

swor mefe mirianTan.

mematiane mogviTxrobs, rom warmarTobis xanis qarTvelma mefe mirianma

wmida ninos qadagebis mosmenis Semdeg `iwyo gamoZieba sjulisa~ da gada-

ikiTxa warmarTuli `nebroTis wigni~ (mazdeanuri rjulisa), garda amisa

aman gamowvlilviT gamoikiTxa moxuc ebraelTagan sjulis sakiTxebi, is

dainteresda swored `mxsneliT~. wmida ninos, aseve moxuc ebraelTa da

`nebroTis wignis~ miTiTebani mxsnelsa da mesiaze erTmaneTs emsgavsebod-

nen _ `maSin mirian mefe gankvirda da iwyo gamoZiebad sjulisa qristessa

da mravalgzis hkiTxaven huria-yofilsa mas abiaTars ZvelTa da axalTa

wignTasa da igi auwyebda yovelsa. da wignica romeli hqonda mirian mefesa

nebroTisi da masca wignsa Sina pova werili esreTi: ...~me var miqael,

romeli dadginebul var RmerTisa mier mTavrobasa zeda aRmosavlisasa...

xolo ukanasknelTa JamTa movides meufe igi cisa... man gixilos Wirsa Sina

da gixsen Sen~. maSin gulisxma yo mefeman mirian rameTu Zvelni wignni da

axalni ewamebodes da nebroTis wignica daamtkicebda da Seeqmna survili

qristes sjulisa~ (qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 105).

aSkaraa, rom qarTul wyaroSi dadasturebulia zemomoyvanili azri, rom

bibliur wignebSi gadmocemuli mesianizmis idea zoroastrizmSic arsebob-

da. swored aman SesZra mefe miriani da ukve movlinebul mxsnelad aRiara

Cveni macxovari. aq sainteresoa isic, rom `nebroTis wigni~, rogorc Cans,


namdvilad arsebobda Zvel saqarTveloSi, radganac misi citata damowmebu-

li mematianis mier, swored zoroastrizmis umTavresi ideis Semcvelia,

masSi naTqvamia `cis meufis mosvlisa~ da `xsnis~ Sesaxeb.

mefe miriani, romelic iqamde cecxlTayvanismcemeli yofila, emsgavseba

mogvebs, romelnic uflis akvanTan mividnen da Tayvani sces mas TavianTi

sarwmunoebrivi codnis wyalobiT, magram amiT maT Soris msgavseba mTavrde-

ba, mefe miriani ufro amaRlda imiT, rom man ara marto Tayvani sca mxsnels,

aramed gaxda misi upirvelesi moqadage da misi rwmenis gamavrcelebeli

saqarTveloSi, amitomac is mociqulTa sworad iwoda. isic unda iTqvas, rom

mefe miriani warmarTobis dros, sxva qarTvelTa darad, `qarTvel mamaTa

rjulis~ mimdevaric iyo da Tayvans scemda winaparTa `RmerTebs~, misi

azriT, isini arian `RmerTni didni, soflis mpyrobelni, mzisa momfenelni,

wvimis momcemelni da qveynis naSobTa gamomzrdelni RmerTni qarTlisani

armaz da zaden, yovlisa dafarulisa gamomZiebelni, Zvelni RmerTni mamaTa

CvenTani gaci da gaim~ (iqve, gv. 106).

aqve uTuod unda iTqvas, rom msgavseba Zveli aRTqmis mxsnel RmerTsa da

cecxlTayvanismcemelTa mazdas Soris mxolod calmxrivia. mazdeanizmi

dualisturi religiaa, mazdas miekuTvneba yovelgvari sikeTe, is Semoqmedia

yovelive mSvenierisa samyaroSi, xolo yovelive bnelisa da borotisa ki

`aiaSma~, sicruea. am borot suls angra-maniu (ahrimani berZnulad) _ `mow-

inaaRmdege suli~ hqvia. is mudmivi mowinaaRmdegea RmerTisa, masTan mebrZo-

lia, meore `boroti Semoqmedia~. mis Seqmnilad iTvleboda _ jadoqrebi,

mebrZoli tomebi, devebi da sxva. gansakuTrebiTi gansxvaveba isaa, rom

zarastutra araTu ibrZoda maT winaaRmdeg, vinc ar iziarebda mazdeanur

sarwmunoebas, aramed avaldebulebda mis yvela morwmunes, iaraRiT xelSi,

ukompromisod moespo yvela religiuri mowinaaRmdge, religiuri omi wmin-

da omad miaCnda. yvela sarwmunoebriv mowinaaRmdeges ahrimanis, anu boro-

ti sulis mier Seqmnilad miiCnevda, religiur sakiTxebs cecxlTayvanism-

cemlebi iseve Wridnen, rogorc Semdgom muhamedi. amiT sparseTi rogorc

mazdeanuri ise mahmadianuri, qarTvelTaTvis agresiuli iyo, misi sarwmu-

noebrivi politika ar Secvlila. xolo iranelebTan qarTvelebis zneo-

briv-moraluri damokidebulebis Sesaxeb unda iTqvas, rom antikur epoqaSi,

qarTul wyaroTa Tanaxmad, qarTvelebs sparselebTan urTierToba, maTTan

naTesaoba da sulieri kavSiri saTakilod ar miaCndaT (sul sxva suraTia

qarTul-sparsuli urTierTobisas Sua saukuneebSi). mizezi amisa iyo is, rom

cecxlTayvanismcemlobis dros TavianTi sarwmunoebrivi moTxovnilebebis

gamo iranelebs sicrue, boroti, arazneobrivi saqmis Cadena ejavrebodaT.

`sicrues isini samarcxvino naklad Tvliano~, _ wers herodote, Semdgom,

mongolebis dros, Cveni mematianes sityviT, mongolebi sparselebs yvela

xalxTa Soris yvelaze matyuarad da crud miiCnevdnen (albaT, am epoqaSi


qarTvelTa Soris maT zneobasac saxeli gautyda). mazdeanobisas ki maT

evalebodaT Sesruleba valdebulebisa _ ̀ keTili azri, keTili sityva, keTili

saqme~. evalebodaT amoerCiaT keTilsa da borots Soris erTi _ keTili.

rjulis pirveli maswavleblis gardacvalebis Semdgom mazdeanobaSi Sei-

Wra mravalRmerTianoba. ahuramazda ukve aRar iyo erTaderTi RmerTi.

ahuramazdas avestaSi ewodeba `simarTlis dambadebeli~, romelmac gakv-

ala gza mzisa da varskvlavebisaken; mas adareben mTvares, romelic ivseba

da ileva. amitomac SesaZlebelia armazs _ ahuramazdas qarTul saxes _

mTvaris RmerTis funqciac miewereboda.

Tu armazs mTvaris RmerTis funqcia eniWeboda, maSin is misaRebi iqneboda

warmarTul saqarTveloSi arsebuli ori sarwmunoebrivi mxarisaTvis. erT-

ni iyvnen saxelmwifo religiis _ `mamaTa rjulis~, anu qarTuli erovnuli

panTeonis Tayvanismcemlebi (xalxis farTo masebi da erisTavebi), meoreni ki

zoroastrizmis mimdevrebi _ am ukanasknelTa ricxvs, Cans dafarulad

TanaugrZnobda samefo ojaxic (`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, farnavazis

Semdgomi qarTuli samefo dinastiebi _ nebroTianebi da arSakunianebi

enaTesavebodnen aRmosavlur iranul dinastiebs). maT esaWiroebodaT mazdeano-

bis dafarva, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, rogorc Tavidan iyo aRniSnuli, tax-

tidan Camoagdebdnen.

Tavisi wminda saxiT mazdeanoba kerpTayvanismcemlobas uaryofda, magram

Semdeg misi Tavdapirveli `siwminde~ SeimRvra.

qristianobis gamarjvebis Semdeg samefo ojaxSi darCenila naSTi mazdean-

izmisa, is kvlav dafaruli iyo, amas miuTiTebs vaxtang gorgaslis mema-

tianis sityvebi, romelic ̀ nebroTis wignis~ Sesaxeb gvamcnobs ̀ mamaTa Cven-

Ta farulad epyraT wigni ese~.

armazi _ warmarTobis dros, xalxis TvalsazrisiT, cecxlTayvanismcem-

lobis mowinaaRmdege `RmerTs~ warmoadgenda.

saqarTveloSi qristianoba ukve pirveli saukunidanve TandaTan vrcelde-

boda, amave dros CvenSi cxovrobdnen iudaisturi religiis mimdevrebi da

mzis (cecxlis) Tayvanismcemlebi.

qarTveli warmarTebi cdilobdnen `mamaTa RmerTis~ _ armazis _ risxva

ar gamoewviaT qristianobis, iudaizmis anda cecxlTayvanismcemlobis miRe-

biT. isini eTayvanebodnen armazs da ambobdnen _ `vai Tu da-sada-vaklo rai

didebasa didisa RmrTisa armazissa da Se-rasme-vcde sityvasa ebraelTa

Tana, gina mogvTa smenasa daxvdomil viyo mzis msaxurTa da romelime ityvian

ucebni didsa visme RmerTsa caTasa~ (qarT. agiogr. lit. Zegl. I, gv. 119).

armazi _ mamaTa RmerTi _ gansxvavdeba ebraelTa, mazdeanTa da qristian-

Ta RmerTisagan. ufro metic, _ is mteria `atroSanisa~ anu `iTrujanisa~ _

cecxlis RvTaebisa. `qaldevelTa RmerTi iTrujan da Cveni ese RmerTi

armaz yovladve mter arian. aman rame mas zeda zRva moaqcia...~ k. kekeliZis


kvlevis Tanaxmad, iTrujani atroSania, xolo qaldevelebs im droisaTvis

sparselebs uwodebdnen.

armazi wyliT aqrobs cecxlis sagznebels (iseve, rogorc Semdgom Cveni

wmida mamebi _ cecxlTayvanismcemlobis winaaRmdeg mebrZolni).

sabolood ZvelqarTuli sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb gavimeoroT sidonias sityva:

`egreT iyo cxovrebaA Cveni qarTvelno, rameTu viqceodiT naTelsa da

mkvidr viyveniT bnelsa, vixarebdiT SvebiTa da viunjebdiT glovasa, rom-

lisa nugeSinismcemeli ara iyo. vhmsaxurebdiT same dabadebulTa da ara

dambadebelsa, qerobinTa etlTa zeda mjdomarisa wil mTaTa maRalTa Tavyua-

nis-scemdes mamani Cvenni, gebalsa da garizinsa da mas zeda ara iyo arca

RmerTi, arca mose, arca niSi maTi, aramed kerpni qvisani usuloni. xolo

amas qveyanasa qarTlisasa iyvnes orni mTani da maT zeda orni kerpni,

armaz da zaden, romelni iynosdes sulmyralobiT aTassa sulsa yrmisa

pirmSoisasa armaz da zaden da Sesawiravad uCndes mSobelTa maTTa msx-

verplad, viTarmca ukunisamde ara iyos sikvdili. da ese iyo moaqamde,

xolo iyvnes kerpni sxvanica samefoni: gaci da ga. da Seiwirvoda maTa

erTi sefewuli cecxliTa dawvad da mtveri gardabnevad Tavsa kerpisasa~

(`moqcevai qarTlisai~, iqve, gv. 125, var. a).

yrmaTa kerpTadmi Sewirva, Tu marTla arsebobda aseTi wesi, matianis

Tanaxmad, qristianobis gavleniT aRukveTia mefe rev marTals III saukunis

dasawyisSi. strabonis Tanaxmad, mTvares albaneTSi marTlac swiravdnen

adamians msxverplad.

isic unda iTqvas, rom ivane javaxiSvils eeWveboda CvenSi kerpTayvanism-

cemlobis arseboba, misi kvlevis Tanaxmad, warmarTobis xanaSi qarTvelebi

Tayvans scemdnen `Semoqmed RmerTs~, mnaTobebs, sxva qmnilebebs da swored

es miiCneoda `mamaTa rjulad~.

p o m p e u s i s l a S q r o b a i s r a e l s ap o m p e u s i s l a S q r o b a i s r a e l s ap o m p e u s i s l a S q r o b a i s r a e l s ap o m p e u s i s l a S q r o b a i s r a e l s ap o m p e u s i s l a S q r o b a i s r a e l s a

d a i b e r i a S id a i b e r i a S id a i b e r i a S id a i b e r i a S id a i b e r i a S i

qristeSobamde 65 wlis gazafxulze romaelTa laSqari saqarTvelos

samxreT sazRvars moadga. mxedarTmTavarma, romaeli xalxis usazRvro

siyvaruliT mosilma pompeusma, roca albaneTTan omisas Seityo iberTa mefe

artagis saomrad mzadebis Sesaxeb, daswreba amjobina da swrafi marSiT

gaiara manZili iberiis dedaqalaqamde. armazis kedlebTan momdgari ro-

maeli legionebisa da polkebis niSnebis moulodnelma aelvarebam daabnia

qarTvelTa mefe.

Tu ara xerxianoba romaelTa saxelovani sardlisa, mas didi usiamovneba

da SeiZleba marcxic ki eloda iberTa mxridan, miT umetes, rom sul


ramdenime dRis win pompeuss albanelTa 40-aTasiani laSqari daesxa Tavs.

miTridates, pontos mefes, romaelTa winaaRmdeg mebrZols, iberTa didi

imedi hqonda. plutarqe, Zveli berZnuli mwerlobis saukeTeso warmomad-

geneli, Tavis ̀ paralelur biografiebSi~ werda: ̀ iberni ricxviT albanelebs

ar Camouvardebodnen. guladobiTac sxvebze ufro mamacni iyvnen da Zalian

undodaT miTridatesTvis eamebinaT da pompeusi ukueqciaT: iberni arc midi-

elebis morCilebaSi yofilan, arc sparsebs eqvemdebarebodnen da Tavis

droze makedonelTa mbrZaneblobac aicdines Tavidan imis wyalobiT, rom

aleqsandre friad swrafad gabrunda hirikaniidan, magram pompeusma ibere-

bic daamarcxa did brZolaSi ise, rom cxra aTasi kaci mokles, xolo aTi

aTasze meti romaelebs CauvardaT tyved~ (plutarqe, rCeuli biografiebi,

1975, gv. 330).

plutarqes mier naxsenebi iberebTan gamarTuli ̀ didi brZola~, namdvilad

didi unda yofiliyo, radganac mxedarmTavar pompeusisaTvis, romelmac manam-

de ori triumfi moawyo romSi afrikisa da evropis dalaSqvrisaTvis, Cveu-

lebrivi omis `did brZolad~ saxeldeba didebis momtani ar iqneboda.

iberebis damarcxeba sasaxelo iyo pompeusisaTvis, romaelTa mier ̀ didad~

saxeldebulisaTvis, radganac, rogorc plutarqe ambobs, manamde iberebis

damorCileba verc midielebma da verc sparselebma SeZles da aleqsandre

makedonelic hirkaniidan ukan gabrunebula.

Tu ras niSavda midielTa, sparselTa da makedonelTa saxelmwifoTa

morCilebisagan Tavis arideba, kargad Cans danielis winaswarmetyvelebidan.

babilonSi ebraelTa tyveobis dros mefe nabuqodonosoris sizmris axsni-

sas danielma Tqva, rom mraval xalxze gabatonebuli babilonis samefos

Semdeg msoflioSi warmoiSoboda sami udidesi imperia: sparsTa `mere

gamefdes, romeli euflos yovelsa qveyanasa (mefoba makedonelTa, berZenTa),

mefoba meoTxe (romaelTa) iyos Zlieri rogorc rkina~.

damarcxeba iberielebisa, romlebmac Tavidan aiciles midiel-sparselTa

da berZenTa xelqveS yofna, sasaxelo iyo romaelTa sardlisaTvis.

romaelTa somxeTSi gamarjvebis Semdeg iberiis mefes eWvi gasCenia, vaiTu

pompeusi saqarTvelosac moadges da daipyroso, da TviTonac saswrafo

saomar mzadebas Sesdgomia, pompeusisTvis ki despanebi gaugzavnia _ mego-

brobis dasamyareblad. pompeusi ar Semcdara da, rogorc iTqva, saswrafod

iberiaSi SeWrila. iberebs verc sazRvarTan dadgoma mouswriaT da verc

Casafreba, omis samzadisSi myofi mefe armazSi imyofeboda.

saqarTvelos dedaqalaqis saxeli berZen-romaeli mwerlebisaTvis I sauku-

nidanve cnobilia, mas `armaz cixesac~ uwodebdnen, mcxeTis Sida cixe-

akropolisis sasaxleSi Seutyvia artags, rom pompeuss misi samyofelidan

mxolod kedlebiRa hyofda. mefem, romelsac ucxoelebi artoks uwodebd-

nen, ver moaxerxa cixis dacva da saCqarod miatova igi. armazSi panika


Seqmnila, garnizoni dabneula, brZolaSi damarcxebula da danebebia pompeuss,

mdinaris meore mxares gadasul mefes ki romaelTa laSqari dadevnebia.

mterma moaswro mtkvris mTeli marjvena sanapiros dapyroba. miuxedavad

imisa, rom romaelebi mtkvris meore napirzec gadavidnen da qarTuli

laSqaric ramdenime SebrZolebis Semdeg ZiriTadad daamarcxes, mefis Sepy-

roba ver moaxerxes.

qarTlis mefesa da pompeuss Soris molaparakeba gamarTula, mSvidobis

sanacvlod pompeusi mefes mZevlebs sTxovda _ sefewulebs. mefe yoymanob-

da, amasobaSi zafxulmac moatana da mdinare pelori dapataravda, amiT

isargebla pompeusma da erT adgilas, sadac foni iyo, gaRma gadavida. maSin

ki artag mefem ikadra da Tavisi Svilebi mZevlebad gamoimeta. amis Semdeg

iberiis mefem da romaelebis sardalma xelSekruleba dadves~.

pompeusma samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ kolxeTSic ilaSqra, Semdeg

kvlav ajanyebul albanelebs Seutia da TiTqmis miadga kaspiis zRvas.

pompeuss iberiisa da albaneTis dalaSqvris Semdeg gadauwyvetia sam-

yaros mopirdapire mxarec daelaSqra. amis Semdeg is samyaros oTxive

kuTxis mpyrobelad CaiTvleboda, iqamde mis mier dalaSqruli iyo evropa

da afrika. `pompeuss metad mgznebare wadili da miswrafeba hqonda siria

aeRo da arabeTze gavliT mewamul zRvamde misuliyo, raTa gamarjvebuls

mieRwia okeanemde, samyaros rom yovelmxriv gars evleba. marTlac, igi

gamarjvebuli pirveli gavida libiaSi gare zRvis napirebamde, mere espaneTSi

atlantis okeaneTi SemosazRvra romaelTa sabrZanebeli da mesamejer sul

axlaxan, albanelebis devnis dros, cota daaklda, Torem hirkaniis zRvasac

miadgeboda, amgvarad pompeusma gadawyvita laSqrobaTa wre mewamuli zRviT

Seekra da mxedroba aqeTken daZra~ (plutarqe, iqve, gv. 333).

swored siriaSi omis dros pompeusTan mivida iudevelTa deputacia da

mefobis maZiebeli Zmebis saxeliT iTxova davis gadaWraSi daxmareba.

aleqsandre makedonelis Semdeg, rac imperia oTxad gaiyves misma mxe-

darTmTavrebma, iudea xelT igdo ptolemeelTa dinastiis damaarsebelma,

egviptis mefe ptoleme lagem (Zv.w.aR-is 320-283), igive soterma. amis Sem-

deg 120 wlis manZilze iudea ptolemeTa dinastiis xelqveS iyo.

egvipturi xelisufleba iudeaSi selevkidTa siriulma dinastiam Secva-

la. mefe antioqe III lmobierad epyroboda ebraelebs, xolo misi taxtis

memkvidre selevk IV filipatori (qristeSobamde 187-175) piriqiT, man

ebraelTa taZrebis gaZarcva moiwadina, antioqe IV-m (175-163 wlebi) ki

ebraelebs sinagogaSi siaruli, locva aukrZala. moiTxova Tayvani ecaT

zevsisaTvis da mxolod berZnuli eniT elaparakaT. daiwyo represiebi, misi

brZanebiT dawves wmida wignebi, daangries taZrebi, urCebi sikvdiliT dasajes,

sastikad awamebdnen da CvilebTan erTad klavdnen ebrael morwmune dedeb-

sac ki. am dros ebraelebs moevlinaT saxalxo gmiri oTxmoci wlis maTa-


Tia (xasmonelTa STamomavali) Tavisi xuTi vaJiT. xalxi sayovelTaod ajan-

yda da gahyva maTaTias (Zv.w.aR-is 167). misi gardacvalebis Semdeg ajanyebas

saTaveSi Caudga iuda, romelsac makabi (uro) Searqves. man marTlac gaaTa-

visufla Tavisi qveyana, aRadgina taZari. misi sikvdilis Semdeg saxelmwi-

fos meTaurobda ionaTan makabeli, Semdeg ki misi umcrosi Zma simoni

(Zv.w.aR-is 143-135). mis dros iudea damoukidebel saxelmwifod aRiares da

simons uwodes nasi _ Tavadi. dadginda qveyanaSi umaRlesi sasuliero

wodeba mRvdelmTavrisa (qurumis) memkvidreobiT gadasuliyo makabelTa

gvarSi.

romma cno iudeis damoukidebloba da masTan megobruli urTierTobac

daamyara. simonis vaJis ioan hirkanis dros iudeam didebisa da Zlierebis

umaRles dones miaRwia. daimorCila samarielebi, gaanadgura maTi mTavari

taZari gerizimis mTaze, daimorCila idumelebi, miaRebina maT iudevelTa

sarwmunoeba. misi sikvdilis Semdeg daeca Zliereba iudevelTa saxelmwi-

fosi, aristobulis uzneo qmedebebma saTave daudo sisxlian omebs taxti-

saTvis. misi sikvdilis Semdeg saxelmwifos saTaveSi Caudga meore vaJi

aleqsandre ianai (Zv.w.aR-is 103-76) _ ufro uzneo mmarTveli. taxtisTvis

ZmaTa Soris oms ormocdaaTi aTasi iudeveli Seewira. qmris sikvdilis

Semdeg dedofalma salomem erT vaJs _ hirkan II-s uzenaesi qurums xarisxi

mianiWa, xolo meore vaJi aristobul II CamoaSora saxelmwifos saqmeebs.

dedis sikvdilis Semdeg ZmaTa Soris omi daiwyo. orives surda taxtis

daWera. aristobulma Tavi mefed gamoacxada. ZmaTa Soris omi wlebis

manZilze grZeldeboda. bolos, qristeSobamde 63 wels, Zmebma daxmarebi-

saTvis pompeuss mimarTes, romelic, rogorc iTqva, iberiaSi gamarjvebis

Semdeg samxreTisken gaemgzavra. pompeusi imJamad sirias ebrZoda. romaeli

mxedarTmTavari Zmebs dahpirda, rom siriaSi gamarjvebis Semdeg iudeasac

ewveoda da maT saqmeebs gaarCevda.

ori aTasi welia, axali da Zveli aRTqmis istorikosebi siamovnebiT

uTmoben adgils TavianT SromebSi pompeusis laSqrobas iudeaSi, magram

isic unda iTqvas, rom berZen-romaeli istorikosebisaTvis es TiTqmis Seum-

Cneveli iyo.

plutarqe, romelic aRwers iberiaSi pompeusis laSqrobas, iudeaSi mxe-

darmTavris Sesvlas gakvriT ixseniebs. es uTuod imiT iyo gamowveuli, rom

iberia im droisaTvis Zveladve arsebul saxelmwifos warmoadgenda, xolo

iudeis saxelmwifoebrioba romaelTa mier sul ramdenime wlis win iyo

aRiarebuli. egviptelTa da sirielTa, anu ptolemeTa da selevkidTa sax-

elmwifoebis uRelqveS moqceulma iudeam romaelTa Tvalwin aRidgina sax-

elmwifoebrioba, romelic romaelTa mierve iqna saukunod dasamarebuli.

ratom miiwvies taxtisaTvis moqiSpe ebraelebma pompeusi TavianTi saqmis

gadasaWrelad? TiTqos am kiTxvas pasuxobs plutarqe _ ̀ pompeusis Zlierebis


xma sakmaod Soris iyo gavardnili, magram amaze nakleb rodi quxda xma mis

samarTlianobaze da keTilmowyalebaze~ (iqve, gv. 334). samarTlianma da

keTilmowyale pompeusma daudo safuZveli Zlivs aRorZinebul iudevelTa

saxelmwifos ngrevas.

samTviani Zneli alyis Semdeg gaWirvebiT Sevida romaeli mxedarTmTa-

vari ierusalimSi gabzaruli kedlidan. omi gagrZelda taZris Semogaren-

Si. brZolebisas mRvdlebi uwyvetliv agrZelebdnen RvTismsaxurebas sakurTx-

evlis win, iqamde, sanam ukanaskneli maTgani maxviliT gangmiruli ar daeca.

aseTi mZime brZolebis miuxedavad, plutarqe mxolod oriode sityviT

gadmogvcems pompeusis iudeaSi Sesvlas, siriis romis provinciad gamocx-

adebis Semdego, _ wers is _ mxedarTmTavarma `iudea daipyro da mefe

aristobule daatyveva~ (plutarqe, rCeuli biografiebi, 1975, gv. 334). Tuki

ierusalimis kedlebTan xangrZlivi omi plutarqes aRweris Rirsad ar

CauTvlia, unda vifiqroT, rom iberiaSi pompeusis laSqroba ufro mniS-

vnelovnad da sasaxelod miaCnda.

pompeuss ierusalimis aRebis Semdeg gadauwyvetia msoflioSi saxel-

ganTqmuli taZris daTvaliereba da wmidaTa wmidaSi Sesvlac ki, sadac

mxolod mRvdelmTavars SeeZlo Sesvla, isic weliwadSi erTxel, romaelebi

iq cnobismoyvareobam Seiyvana. mTel qveyanaze sxvadasxva xmebi dadioda

wmidaTa wmidas Sesaxeb. warmarTebis erTi nawilis mtkicebiT, iq sasikvdilod

ganwiruli kaci hyavdaT gamomwyvdeuli, sxvebi amtkicebdnen, rom iq Tavis

gamosaxuleba inaxeboda. magram ra inaxeboda iq sinamdvileSi? romaelebi

raRac arabunebrivs elodnen, magram rogori iyo maTi gaoceba, roca biso-

nis mZime fardis gadawevis Semdeg iq sicariele ixiles. wmidaTa wmidaSi

araferi ar iyo, maT sakurTxevlis win mxolod Svidtota Sandali ixiles,

anTebuli sanTlebiT. gaoceblebma SiSiT datoves taZari, `magram romaele-

bi kidev ufro gaocdebodnen, Tu gaigebdnen, rom isini pirispir Sexvdnen

religias, akvans axali sarwmunoebisa, romelic male daipyrobda aRmosav-

leTsac, dasavleTsac, TeTrmarmarovan eladasa da maT mSobliur romsac~

(ix. a. bogoliubov, sin CeloveCeski, gv. 12-16).

miTridate pontoelis damarcxebisa da sikvdilis Semdeg gamarjvebuli

pompeusi romisken gaemgzavra. mas brwyinvale Sexvedra mouwyes da yovelmxriv

aleqsandre makedonels amsgavsebdnen.

`zeimis dros win mohqondaT dafebi im qveynebisa da xalxebis saxelTa

aRniSvniT, romelnic pompeusma daamarcxa da romlebzedac gamarjvebis

triumfs ixdida. es iyo: ponto, somxeTi, kapadokia, paflagonia, midia, kolxe-

Ti, iberia, albaneTi, siria, kilikia, mesopotamia, finikiisa da palestinis

tomebi, iudea, arabeTi...~ (plutarqe, gv. 340). triumfSi midiodnen sxvaTa

gverdiT iudevelTa mefe aristobule da iberieli sefewulebi. plutarqes

cnobiT, pompeuss iberTa mefisagan miRebuli hqonda oqros sawoli, taxti

da magida, safiqrebelia, rom am nivTebma triumfs brwyinvaleba SesZines.


Cveni epoqis arqeologebma, romlebmac mcxeTis midamoebSi samefo saxli-

saTvis saWiro mravali zRapruli sidiadis nivTi aRmoaCines, aRtaceba ver

dafares sawolis naSTis aRmoCenisas _ ̀ yvelaze did STabeWdilebas tovebso,

_ wers istorikosi _ sareclis CuqurTmovan fexTa vercxlis oTxi erTnai-

ri garesakravi _ kaklis xisgan gamoTlili mrgvali qandakeba erTmaneTze

gadabmuli arwiv-spilos stilizebuli gamosaxulebebiT, arwivis Tavis qan-

dakebebiT vercxlis sqeli firfitebiT garSemoWedili~ (saq. ist. narkv. I,

gv. 704). plutarqes cnobiT, rogorc aRiniSna, pompeusisTvis mirTmeuli

sawoli, magida da taxti vercxlis ki ara, oqrosi yofila.

iberia pompeusis epoqaSi oqromravali, elinuri gemovnebiT ayvavebuli

qveyana iyo, rogorc amas arqeologia adasturebs.

triumfis dros forumze pompeuss miTridate pontoelis damarcxebisad-

mi miZRvnili sityva warmouTqvams. swored miTridates dasamarcxeblad

moawyo man aziaSi didi laSqroba. pontos samefos romi TiTqmis naxevari

saukunis manZilze ebrZoda. ponto ZvelTaganve qarTveli tomebis sacx-

ovrisi yofila da iq samefo Seqmnila ̀ _qarTveli (megrul-Wanuri) da misi

monaTesave tomebis miwa-wyalze~ (saqarTvelos istoria, I, 1958, gv. 58).

ara Tu ponto, misi samxreTiT momijnave kapadokiac qarTveli tomebiT

yofila dasaxlebuli. ponto da kapadokia politikurad zogjer erTmaneTs

faravda. ZvelqarTuli tomi tabalebi (Tubalebi) _ swored Semdegdroin-

del kabadokiaSi saxlobdnen (iv.javax. qarT. eris ist. I, gv. 404).

ioseb flaviosi, rogorc iTqva, tabalebs _ iberTa winaprebad, xolo mesx-

ebs kabadokielebad miiCnevda. IV saukuneSic kabadokia mesxebis sacxovrisi

yofila, arqiepiskoposi evstate (+360) _ qarTvelTa winaprebis Sesaxeb wers:

`obelma _ Tobelebi, axlandeli iberebi; osoxma _ mesxebi, axlandeli kaba-

dokielebi~ warmoSveso (ix. g. gozaliSvili, miTridate pontoeli, gv. 161).

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa CvenTvis winaswarmetyvel isaias ganmarteba

IV saukunis kvirieli episkoposisa Teodotes mier, is ambobs, rom isaia

`...mosoxebSi _ kabadokielebs, TobelebSi ki _ iberielebs gulisxmobdao~

(iqve, gv. 162).

pontos qarTvelTa sacxovrisad asaxelebda V saukuneSic rufinusi.

IV saukunis eklesiis sami didi mama _ grigol nazianzeli, basili didi

da grigol noseli, Cveulebriv cnobilni arian sami didi kabadokielis

saxeliT. Cveni istoriuli matiane, rogorc es vaxtang gorgaslis cxovre-

bidan Cans, grigol nazianzels miiCnevda saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos daarse-

bis sulier meTaurad. swored mis saflavze misul vaxtang mefes eCvena

suli grigolisa da misi saflavis eklesiis mRvdeli pirveli qarTveli

kaTalikosi gaxda. kabadokielni iyvnen CvenTvis erovnul wmindanebad qceulni

_ wmida giorgi, qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli wmida nino, Cvens eklesiaSi

istoriulad didad miRebuli basili didi episkoposi, misi Zma _ episkopo-


si grigol noseli, misi debi _ wmindanebi: emilia, makrina da Teozevia.

1877 wels daibeWda d. CubinaSvilis naSromi miZRvnili kabadokiis mosax-

leobisa da qarTveli xalxis naTesaobis Sesaxeb. mkiTxvelisaTvis es mtki-

ceba gasagebi iyo, radganac istoriulad kabadokieli moRvaweni mSobli-

urad iyvnen miCneulni qarTvelTaTvis. e.xinTibiZem, Tavisi kvlevis Sedegad

daaskvna, rom `basili kesarieli erovnebiT iyo qarTveli, mcire aziis

teritoriaze mcxovrebi qarTveluri tomebis erT-erTi StoTaganis warmo-

madgeneli, romlebmac adre iwames qristianuli aRmsarebloba, dauaxlovd-

nen mcire aziis kulturul centrebs da eziarnen berZnul kulturasa da

ganaTlebas~ (g. gozaliSvili, ori etiudi, 1965, gv. 105).

kirion episkoposi werda _ `kapadokielebs, didi Rvawli miuZRviT qris-

tianobis gavrcelebis saqmeSi. ostguTebSi qristianoba danerges, rogorc

amas basili amtkicebs, kapadokielma tyveebma, vestguTebSi (IV s.) gaavrcela

da ganamtkica qristianoba episkoposma ulfilam, tyve kapadokielTa STamo-

mavalma. sugdelebis ganmanaTlebeli... kapadokielia~ (episkoposi kirioni,

kulturuli roli iveriisa ruseTis istoriaSi, 1900, gv. 9), kapadokieli iyo

wmida nino.

pontos samyarodan iyo miTridate, mis vaJsac qarTuli saxeli _ ̀ maxare~

erqva, misi samefos dedaqalaqi, romelsac Semdgom kesaria daerqva _ pompeusis

iniciativiT xelaxla gaSenda, miTridates omebis Semdeg es qalaqi qris-

tianobis udides kerad iqca.

d a s r u l e b a g m i r u l i s a d a d a w y e b ad a s r u l e b a g m i r u l i s a d a d a w y e b ad a s r u l e b a g m i r u l i s a d a d a w y e b ad a s r u l e b a g m i r u l i s a d a d a w y e b ad a s r u l e b a g m i r u l i s a d a d a w y e b a

s u l i e r i e p o q i s as u l i e r i e p o q i s as u l i e r i e p o q i s as u l i e r i e p o q i s as u l i e r i e p o q i s a

gaqristianebis Semdgom, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, Seicvala da Seivso

zneoba yoveli qarTvelisa. axalma erovnulma sarwmunoebam gardaqmna erovnu-

li TvalTaxedva, Seicvala warmodgenebi, wes-Cveulebani da midrekilebani.

miT ufro, rom qarTveloba qristes erTguli iyo ara asi da orasi wlis,

aramed ori aTasi wlis manZilze da aseTad rCeba amJamadac.

warmarTobis dros qarTvelTa xasiaTi, qcevebi da Cveulebani sxvagvari

yofila, ufro heroikuli da gmiruli _ am sityvebis swored imdroindeli,

Zveleburi gagebiT.

`gmirebs~ qarTvelTa winaprebi TavianT mama-papebs da maT mSoblebs

uwodebdnen, romelTac warmoSobiT noes Zes iafets ukavSirebdnen, iafetis

Zmiswuli TarSi mama yofila Targamosisa. qarTvelTa winaprebi Targamosis

STamomavlebi iyvnen, swored Targamoss uwodebdnen `gmirs~. is babilonis

godolis daqcevis Semdeg wamosula SuamdinareTidan da damkvidrebula

kaspiisa da Savi zRvis Sua, araratisa da kavkasiis mTebs Soris. mas rva


Svili hyolia _ `gmirni Zlierni da saxelovanni~. es ambavi momxdara

qristeSobamde ramdenime aTasi wliT adre.

Targamosis ZeTagan pirveli, Tanaxmad matianisa, ̀ umetes gmiri iyo yovel-

Tasa, rameTu egeviTari arasodes yofiliyo arca wylis-rRvnis winaT da

arca Semdgomad taniTa, ZaliTa simxniTa~ (q.c. I, gv. 4). masSi unda ig-

ulisxmebodes Zveli urartuelni _ xuritebi, romelTa qveyanasac ̀ xurlas

udnes~ uwodebdnen, xolo Targamosis sxva Zeebis saxelebSi JRers qarTvelTa

da kavkasiel tomTa saxelebi (zogi maTgani mTavrdeba berZnuli bolosar-

TiT _ ̀ os~, romelic, Cans, Semdeg daurTes). esenia: ̀ qarTlos, bardos, movakan,

lek, heros, kavkas, egros~.

rva gmiri, ganudga cnobil, saxelovan, dedamiwaze pirvel gmirs _ nebroTs,

romlis Sesaxebac dabadebaSi naTqvamia _ `quSma Sva nebroTi, aman daiwyo

Zalis gamoCena qveyanaze. Zlieri monadire iyo igi uflis winaSe, amitomac

Tqmula, nebroTiviT bumberazi ariso uflis winaSe, misi samefos rCeuli

qalaqebi iyo babiloni, ereqi, aqadi, da qalne, Sinayaris qveyanaSi. am qveynidan

gamovida aSuri da aaSena nineve, rexoboT-qalaqi, qalaxi~ (dab. 10. 8-11).

TargamosianTa gandgomis gagebisTanave nebroTi Tavis ZalebiT gaemarTa

kavkasiisaken.

aq nebroTs ̀ Wurvils rkiniTa da rvaliTa terfidan vidre Txemamde~ ver

uSvela javSanma, Semogebebuli rva gmirTagan uZlieresma ̀ styorcna isari

da hkra mkerdsa nebroTisasa, ficarsa zeda rvalisas. da ganvlo zurgiT~

(q.c. I, gv. 7).

mamaTa gmirul sulsa da sagmiro saqmeebs kargad aRwers `qarTlis

cxovreba~.

aseve aRweren Cveni mematianeebi gmirTa STamomaval qarTvel mefeTa

garegnobasa da xasiaTs: _ ̀ taniTa sruli, Svenieri, Zlieri, mxne da qveli~.

ai, rogor ebrZvis ucxo SemoWril toms mefe mirvani _ `waruZRva wina

qveiTTa, zurgiT Semoadginna mxedarni da movida karTa maT Sina, viTarca

jiqi sificxiTa, viTarca vefxi simxniTa, viTarca lomi zaxiliTa. iqmna maT

Soris brZola Zlieri, xolo mirvans ver hkveTda maxvili durZukTa, vi-

Tarca kldesa sipsa da dga uZravad, viTarca koSki mtkice da gagrZelda

maT Soris brZola da moswyda orgniTve uricxvi, xolo iZlivnes durZukni

da ivltodes. miudges ukan qarTvelni, mosres da tyve qmnes da Sevida

mirvan durZukeTs... da Seabna karni qviTkiriTa da uwoda saxelad darubal

da dajda mirvan mcxeTasa mefobda nebierad da uSiSad. iyo kaci mimniWebeli

keTilisa uxvad da Seiyvares igi yovelTa mkvidrTa qarTlisaTa~ (q.c. gv. 28).

aderki, romlis saqarTveloSi mefobis drosac beTlems uriastanisasa

iSva Cveni macxovari ieso qriste, ase ebrZoda metoqes taxtisaTvis _

`aRizaxnes orTave xmiTa sastikiTa da mietevnes urTierTas da iwyes or-

Tave gvemad orolisa da vera hkveTes saWurvelsa erTmaneTisasa da brZolisa

sigrZesa Sina ganutyda orolebi. aRmoiRes Cuglugebi da iwyes brZolad

CuglugebiTa odes uxeTqian Cuglugi igi saWurvelsa zeda maTsa, hgvandis


xma igi xmasa mas uros mWedlisasa, romeli ecemis grdemlsa da xma zaxil-

isa maTisa msgavs iyo quxilisa. maSin ver sZles urTierTas, daSvres da

ukuagdes imier da amier. SeRamda dRe igi da ganisvenes orTave da dileul

kvalad gamovides aiRes mSvildebi da iwyes rbevad da svrad erTmaneTisa,

hkra aderki mkerdsa arSakisasa da veRara ufara simagreman saWurvelisaman.

ganvarda zurgiT da Camovarda arSak cxenisgan~ (q.c. I, gv. 34).

ase xedavdnen sagmiro saqmeebs qristianobamdeli qarTvelebi. qristianobis

miRebis Semdeg ki maTi Sexeduleba Seicvala. sulieri gamarjveba da ara

xorcieli, ai, ra miiCneva axla gmirobad.

warmarTi gmiri amirani iqamde uZleveli da daumarcxebeli, xalxuri

TqmulebiT, marcxdeba qristes mier. gmiria amiranis mama. dedac warmarTul

RvTaebad iTvleba. Zmobilebi badri da usupi _ Zlieri gmirebi, zeSTabune-

brivi Tvisebebis mqoneni arian. ̀ usups beWeb-Sua mzis msgavsi niSani aqvs da

badrs mTvaris msgavsi~. amiranic `RvTaebrivi~ TvisebebiTaa dajildoebu-

li; oqros kbili da sacrisodena Tvalebi aqvs. xasiaTiT ki ̀ Savsa Rrubel-

sa saavdrod gamzadebulsa~ hgavs. ukvdavi arsebaa _ sikvdili kidec rom

indomos, ar SeuZlia. amirans Ronec gmiruli aqvs. siCqare gaqanebuli xisa

aqvs, simarde zvavisa, Rone Tormet uRela xar-kameCisa, miwas umZims misi

tareba, devebs advilad xocavs, mzis mylapvel da cecxlis mfrqvevel

gveleSaps amarcxebs. ZaRlic araCveulebrivi hyavs _ orbis lekvi, fr-

Tosani, `mas beWebze orbis frTebi aqvs~

amirani itacebs qals yamars. ivane javaxiSvilis mier elamitur `RvTae-

ba~ lagamarad anu afroditad miCneuls (qarT. eris ist. I, gv. 194, 1979), am

qals ded-mama caSi hyoloda. mama amindis Semcvleli da wvimis momyvania,

roca amirani Seeba, mis muzarads cecxlis naperwklebi scvioda. misi

sulis SeberviT ki amirani `Coqze daeca~. mamis jaris adgilidan daZvri-

sas _ ca moiRrubla, wamowinwkla, Semdeg ki kokispiruli wvima wamovida.

Rrubeli jaris Crdilia. amiranis masTan brZola mogvagonebs Targamosian-

ebisa da nebroTianebis SebrZolebas _

_ `iqmna maT Soris brZola sastiki _

romeli emsgavsa sastikebasa haerisasa,

rameTu mtveri ferxisa maTisa _

viTarca Rrubeli sqeli,

xma pirisa maTisa _

viTarca xma quxilisa

simZlavre isrisa maTisa _

viTarca texa mexisa

tyorcna qvisa maTisa _

viTarca setyva xSiri

da daTxeva sisxlisa maTisa

viTarca wvimisa Rvari~


amirani araCveulebrivi gmiria Zvel qarTvelTa warmodgeniT. imdenad

araCveulebrivi, rom gabeda da TviT RmerTs SeebrZola. xalxuri fantazi-

iT da sarwmunoebriv-simboluri ganxatebiT, amirani Tavis naTlias _ ieso

qristes gaukadnierda da RmerTi `saWidaod~ gamoiwvia, rom gamoecada, vin

ufro Ronieri iyo~ (am saxiT warmarTuli qarTuli Teologia ejibreba

axals, qristianuls). avsulebTan da devebTan uZleveli, TavisTavad keTil-

Sobili da kacTmoyvare gmiri, RvTis mimarT gaamayebuli, daisaja. xalxuri

TqmulebiT, ieso qristem is miajaWva kavkasionis mwvervalze.

unda CavTvaloT, rom RmerTTan mebrZoli amiranis damarcxeba aris sim-

boluri saxe gmirul-warmarTuli epoqis dasrulebisa da dawyeba axali

sulieri epoqisa, qristianobisa, anu sulis zeimisa xorcze. daTrgunva xor-

cis da ayvaveba sulis _ ai, ra moeTxoveba axali sarwmunoebis mimdevrebs.

qristes mier amiranis mijaWva simboluri saxea aseve imisa, rom erovnuli

TvalTaxedva Seicvala, axla warsuli sxvagvarad analizdeba, momavali

sxvagvarad ganiWvriteba. gmiroba axla sulierebaa, sulieri epoqis erT-

erTi mTavari sakiTxia rkveva imisa, Tu ra aris sicocxle, cxovreba, ra aris

sikvdili, SeiZleba Tu ara sikvdilis damarcxeba, sicocxlis gamaradiule-

ba. samagaliToa erTi ambavi: warmarT ufliswuls _ iodasafs _ umalaven,

rom arsebobs avadmyofoba, sibere, sikvdili, magram is axerxebs gamovides

mis irgvliv xelovnurad Seqmnil iluziur samyoflidan da pirispir Sex-

vdes cxovrebas. Tavis sicocxleSi pirvelad naxavs avadmyofs, mixrwnil

moxucs. ikiTxavs mis Sesaxeb ra moelis am kacso?~ _ upasuxes _ sikvdilio.

`da rai ars sikvdili~? kiTxulobs gaocebiT. `ganqardebis saxsenebeli

amisi qveyniT~. iodasafi roca Seityobs, rom igive sikvdili elis yovel

adamians da TviT masac, SeZrwundeba, auduRdeba guli. urva-tiriliT kiTx-

ulobs, aris Tu ara sadme qveyana, sadac adamianebi ar kvdebian. ufliswu-

lis usasoobiT Sewuxebuli aRmzrdelebi tiriliTve pasuxoben _ `ar aris

casa qveSe egeviTari qveyana, hoi Zeo mefisao, romelTa Sina ganeren kacni

salmobaTagan da sikvdilisagan~ (Zveli qarT. literaturis qrestomaTia,

t. I, 1946, gv. 280).

yovel adamians, mdidars Tu Raribs, gmirs Tu jabans, erTnairi bolo aqvs

_ sikvdili, gaqroba. amis gagebiT SeZrwunebul da damwuxrebul ufliswuls

avtori adarebs Tvalauxelel brmas, yrus, utyvs, uZlursa da naklulevans.

Tumca ki, garegnulad brwyinvales, xorcielad mSveniers, axalgazrdasa da

jansaRs. mis `gankurnebas~ inebebs udabnodan mosuli qristiani, garegnu-

lad Raribi, Rataki da xorcielad uZluri. misi Semxedvare ufliswuli

cdilobs udabnoSi mcxovrebi qristiani moRvaweebis daxmarebas. Txovs

waiRos `safase~ _ fuli, raTa is Seewios Tavis udabnoel Zmebs. meudabnoe

miugebs _ `viTar miscem safasesa moyvasTa CemTa, rameTu ukanaskneli maTi

umdidres ars Sensa?~


_ da rogor aris Sens ZmaTagan uglaxakesi Cemze mdidari, maSin, roca

TviTonve ambob, rom arafris mqoneni xarT?

_ imas mogaxsenebT, rom TqvenSi mdidari kidev zrunavs Tavis qonebis

gazrdisaTvis, amis gamo mudam SfoTavs, xan iqiT ecema, xan aqeT, raTa kidev

ufro meti Sekribos, xolo Cemi Zmebi arafrisaTvis ar zrunaven _ arc

saWmlisaTvis, arc SesamoselisaTvis, radgan mdelos balaxisagan zomierad

ikvebebian da mis gamo adideben RmerTs. maT datovebuli aqvT qveyniuri

simdidre da soflis amaoebani, ixareben da iSveben suliT, rameTu moelian

caTa sasufevels.

iodasafi Seityobs, rom arsebobs suli da arsebobs ukvdaveba sulisa.

mas aexileba Tvali, dainaxavs, Tu sad da rogor eZebos ukvdaveba da

moipovos igi. amis Semdeg eubneba Tavis mamas mefes _ ̀ dainaxe umjobesi da

Seitye, rom mokvdavi xar da Sens yovel amqveyniur didebas sxvas dautoveb,

radganac yvela kvdeba da maTi sacxovrebeli, monagebi sxvebisa xdeba,

`xolo Semdgomad JamTa aRdgomad varT da miegebis kacad-kacadsa saqmeTa

maTTaebr~ (iqve, gv. 296).

erTxel ixilavs CvenebiT samoTxis didebulebasa da simSvenieres, an-

gelozebi mis Sesaxeb auwyeben `es aris wmidaTa gansasvenebeli~. ixilavs

aseve jojoxeTis saSinelebas da satanjvels da mis Sesaxeb Seityobs, rom

is aris `misagebeli codvilTa~. swored jojoxeTis saSinelebiT SeZr-

wunebuli iTmens da mis sacduneblad miyvanili qalis siyvaruls ar pasux-

obs, ufro meti, anTebs sanTels, cecxlis als uSvers TiTs, xorci ewvis, is ki

ambobs _ ̀ Tu am mcire cecxls ver gavuZleb, jojoxeTis saukunovan dauSre-

tel cecxls rogorRa gavuZleb, Tu am qalTan codvas ar gaveridebi?~.

daTrgunva xorcisa, galaReba sulisa _ saukuno sicocxlis misaRebad _

ai, axali sarwmunoebrivi ideali. swored esaa axla gmiroba.

aRniSnul Temas exmaureba `moTxroba abekuraisi~, romlis gmiri (ukve

ara Zveli, aramed axali mniSvnelobiT) aris `yviTel piriTa, mZafriTa

marxviTa, SromiTa da mRviZarebiTa~, romelic dedoflis xorciel siy-

varuls uaryofs, da nacvlad miiRebs satanjvels, is ambobs: _ ̀ gvemaA Cemi

_ gansvenebaa sulisa CemisaA, satanjveli Cemi _ saSvebeli sulisa CemisaA~

(p. ingoroyva, dasax. naS. gv. 281). is iTmens Tavisi sulis ukvdavebisaTvis,

sulis gadarCenisaTvis. esaa axali gmiroba.

qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis, romelsac qristianobis miRebamde aseuli

wlebis manZilze gmirobis sxvagvari ideali hqonda, misi tradiciebiTa da

memkvidreobiT, ar unda yofiliyo advili axlis miReba da gaTaviseba.

xdeboda maTi urTierTSerwyma.

Zvelgmirul heroikulisa da axali sulieris Serwymis kargi magaliTia

wmida mefe vaxtangis cxovrebis momentebi. is amarcxebs bumberaz goliaT

bayaTars, romlis mSvildis sigrZe Tormeti mtkavelia, isari ki eqvsi mt-


kaveli. misi mokvlis Semdeg is ambobs _ àra ZaliTa CemiTa vZlie, aramed

dambadeblisa CemisaTa, rameTu Zali qristesi _ CemTana da jvari misi

patiosani saWurvel Cemda~.

msgavsi suliskveTeba _ mxneoba RvTis SewevniT _ saukuneTa manZilze

gasdevda qarTvelobas, grigol bakurianis Ze werda: ̀ qarTvelni varT naTe-

saviT mxneni da mxedrobiT aRzrdilni~ _ da amave dros _ misive sityviT

_ ùmankoni da gul-martivni~ (petriwonis qarTuli monastris tipikoni, a.

SaniZe, t. IX, gv. 103). imdenad, rom `Cveni naTesavis umankoebisa da gul-

martivobis~ gamo TviT deda RvTismSobeli eSveleba qarTvelebs Sesaferis

momentSi. magaliTad, qarTvelebs garekvas upirebdnen _ saberZneTis erTi

monastridan, amis gamo deda RvTisa brZanebs, vinc qarTuli eniT metyvel

adamianebs ar Seiwynarebs _ Cemi mtrebi ariano: ànu ara uwyia, viTarmed

mravalni damkuidrebad arian mTasa amas maTisa enis metyvelni da cxovne-

bad arian da romelni maT ara Seiwynareben, mter Cemda arian~ (cxovreba

ilarion qarTvelisa, qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 172).

erTi saukunis Semdeg, kvlav deda RvTisa gamoecxada ucxoeTSi mcxovreb

momakvdav patara eqvTime mTawmindels, moxeda mis sneulebas da uTxra _

àRsdeg, nu geSinin da qarTulad xsnilad ubnobdi!~ (iqve, gv. 183). da amis

Semdeg qarTuli sityva, misgan viTarc wyarod amodioda ùwmindes yovelTa

qarTvelTasa~, gaamdidra wignTagan didad naklovani qarTlis qveyana sulieri

saunjiT.

asureli mamebi, grigol xanZTeli, ilarion qarTveli, ioane, eqvTime da

giorgi mTawmidelebi da mravali sxva sulieri moRvaweni iqcnen qarTvel-

Ta zneobriobis maswavleblebad, maT daiWires is adgili, romelic adre

qarTvelTa cnobierebaSi `gmirebs~ eWiraT.


Ta v i I I

qarTuli eklesia I-III saukuneSi

`u e W v el i a , ro m C v e n s x al x s or i aT a s iwel iwad i u cxo vr i a T a v i s i s c xo vr e b iT a

d a T v iT mo q m e d e b i T a~

ilia marTaliilia marTaliilia marTaliilia marTaliilia marTali


saxelwodeba da mimarTulebaqarTuli eklesiisa

qarTul eklesias amJamad uwodeben ,,saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel ekle-

sias~, magram amasTanave uZvelesi droidan XVIII saukunis CaTvliT mas ,,saqarTve-

los samociqulo eklesia~ ewodeboda. amis damamtkicebeli magaliTebis

moyvanamde unda iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia Tavisi arse-

bobis pirveli dRidan marTlmadidebelia da marTlmadideblobisaTvis medgari

mebrZoli. wmida mefis daviT aRmaSeneblis dros mowveulma ruis-urbnisis

saeklesio krebam, romelmac erTgvarad Seajama Cveni eklesiis cxovreba,

aRniSna: `amisTvis Semokrba krebaA ... garna ara Tu ubiwoebasa qarTvelTa

sarwmunoebisasa biwi raAme Sehxeboda, nu iyofin ese! ara gecruvneT Sen,

siwmidiT mSobelo Cueno kaTolike eklesiao, arca gangceT Sen, siqadulo

Cueno marlTmadideblobao, romlisa arca ganmcemel qmnil varT...~1

bizantiis imperators surda Seetyo giorgi mTawmindelisgan, msoflios

romeli eklesia iyo WeSmaritad marTlmadidebluri: ̀ aw vinaATgan kuerTxi

mefobisa me mipyries, mnebavs, raATa yovelsa mecnier viyo berZenTa da

hromTasa, rameTu pirvel yovlisa marTlmadideblobaO iZiebis mefeTagan,

mauwye, viTar ars ese...~2

msoflio eklesiis mnaTobma giorgi mTawmindelma erTmaneTs Seudara

qarTuli, berZnuli, romisa da somxuri eklesiebi.

Tumca berZnuli eklesia giorgi mTawmindels imJamad marTlmadideblo-

bis burjad miaCnda, magram mefes ar daumala simarTle da ganucxada: ̀ hoA,

mefeo, ... berZenTa Soris wvalebaO Semovida pirvel da mravalgzis midrkes...!~3

wmida giorgi mTawmindelma imperators romis eklesiis naklovanebis

Sesaxeb ganucxada: romis eklesiaSi ̀ xmeadiTa da urwyoATa~ swiraven, xolo

berZnebma da qarTvelebma daaweses, ̀ raATa moviRebdeT comsa saxed KorcTa

qristesTa, xolo puris comsa saxed sulisa gonierisa, da marilsa saxed

gonebisa winaaRdgomad wvalebasa uSjuloAsa apolinarisasa... xolo RYnosa

Tana wyalsa urTavT saxed sisxlisa da wylisa, romeli gardamoKda guerd-

sa mKsnelisasa, viTarca ityYs. iovane oqropiri~.

ese igi, berZnuli eklesia axla marTlmadidebluria, magram winaT masSi

mravali mwvalebloba arsebobda, romis eklesiaSi ki winaT mwvalebloba ar

yofila, magram amJamad nakli aqvso _ usjulo apolinaris wvaleba.


imperatori giorgi mTawmidels SeekiTxa somxuri sarwmunoebis Sesaxebac,

razedac Rirsma mamam upasuxa: `borotsa sarwmunoebasa saxelca nu edebin~.4

giorgi mTawmidelma imperators upasuxa, rom msoflios eklesiaTa Soris

qarTuli eklesia yvelaze marTlmadidebluria, radganac man ubiwod daic-

va mociqulTa swavla, rac arasodes SeubRalavs winaT da icavs amJamadaco:

`xolo netarman man esreT maRlad da RmrTivbrwyinvaled warmoTqua

sarwmunoebaA marTali Cuen qarTvelTa naTesavisaO... da hrqua mefesa: ese

ars sarwmunoebaA marTali naTesavisa CuenisaA, da raJams erTgzis gYcno-

bies, arRara midrekil varT marcxl, gina marjul da arca mivdrkebiT, Tu

RmerTsa undeso~.5

giorgi mTawmidels, romelic kargad icnobda msoflio qristianobis yve-

la mimarTulebas, qarTuli eklesia miaCnda WeSmaritad marTlmadideblur

eklesiad, romelmac ubiwod da Seucvlelad daicva mociqulTa swavla. amas,

saukuneTa manZilze, xSirad miuTiTebdnen Cveni eklesiis wminda mamebi.

bizantiis imperiis dacemam berZnuli eklesia daasusta. miuxedavad amisa,

am eklesiam Tavisi sarwmunoebrivi upiratesoba ̀ romis kaTolike~ eklesiis

winaSe imiT gamoxata, rom XI s-is Semdeg oficialurad Tavis Tavs ̀ orTodoq-

suli~ anu swori, marTlmadidebluri eklesia uwoda. amis Semdeg berZnuli

orientaciis yvela axladdaarsebuli adgilobrivi avtokefaluri eklesia

Tavis Tavs orTodoqsuls, anu ̀ marTlmadideblurs~ uwodebda. XX saukune-

Si qarTul eklesias `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia~ ewoda, ma-

gram qarTuli eklesia aris ara axali eklesia, daarsebuli XI saukunis

Semdeg, aramed uZvelesi, mociqulTa mier daarsebuli eklesia da mas ZvelT-

aganve ̀ samociqulo eklesia~ ewodeboda, Tumca Tavisi SinaarsiT yovelTvis

marTlmadidebluri iyo XI saukunemdec da Semdegac.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTSi, romelSic VII saukuneSi mowveul msof-

lio saeklesio krebazea saubari, naTqvamia: `amis krebisa mier brZanes

esreT wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTYs, romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa

iyos swor pativiTa viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sap-

atriaqoni...~6 saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias mcxeTis sapatriarqo ek-

lesiac ewodeboda, iseve rogorc amJamad dedaqalaqis mixedviT ewodebaT

sxva eklesiebs (aleqsandriis, antioqiis, konstantinepolis, sofiis da sxv.).

Cvenamde moRweuli sabuTebis Tanaxmad, qarTul eklesias `saqarTvelos

kaTolike samociqulo eklesia~, `mcxeTis kaTolike samociqulo eklesia~,

anda simartivisTvis zogjer `sveticxovlis kaTolike samociqulo ekle-

sia~ ewodeboda. sityva, romelic gvxvdeba am saxelwodebaSi _ `kaTolike~,

berZnulia da qarTulad niSnavs sayovelTaos. qristianuli RvTismetyvelebis

Tanaxmad, eklesia mTel dedamiwaze aris sayovelTao, erTiani anu `kaTo-

like~. asevea mocemuli mrwamsSic. qarTvelebs Targmnis gareSe miuRiaT es

sityva da amitomac misi qarTuli Sesatyvisi amJamadac ar ixmareba.


XI saukunemde msoflio qristianobis or banakad `romis kaTolikebad~

da ̀ berZen marTlmadideblebad~ gayofamde erTian msoflio eklesias, rogorc

wesi, ̀ kaTolike~ ewodeboda. qarTuli eklesia, rogorc uZvelesi, mociqul-

Ta moZRvrebis erTguli eklesia, Tavis Tavs yovelTvis erTian msoflio,

`sayovelTao~ anu `kaTolike~ eklesiis nawilad miiCnevda.

1346-1360 wlebis erT sabuTSi qarTul eklesias ase mimarTaven _ èse

dawerili movaKsene wmidasa didebulsa kaTolike samociqulo eklesiasa~.7

XVI saukunis sabuTSi Cveni eklesia asea saxeldebuli _ `q. wmidisa da

caTa mobaZavisa kaTolike samociqulosa sapatriaqosa eklesiisa ZveliT-

ganve saqonebelni da samwysoni~...8 aq CamoTvlilia qarTuli samociqulo

eklesiis qoneba.

1532 wlis Sewirulebis sabuTSi naTqvamia: èse dawerili movaKsene...

udidebulessa wmidasa kaTolike samociqulosa saydarsa~...9 1556 wlis sabuT-

Sia _ èse ukunisamdis gasaTavebeli wigni mogaKsene me, mtbevarma saba,

Tquen wmidasa kaTolike samociqulosa saydarsa~.10 XVI saukunis kaxT

episkoposebis erTgulebis wignSi nikoloz kaTalikosisadmi naTqvamia _

`gkadreT da mogaxseneT Tquen, kaTolike samociqulosa eklesias sueti-

sacxovelsa...~11 nikoloz alaverdelis erTgulebis wignSi naTqvamia _ ̀ fici

mogarTviT Cven, Tqvenda kurTxevad mosrulman amba alaverdelman ColoyaS-

vilman Tqven, kaTolike samociqulo saydarsa da svetsa cxovelsa da

kvarTsa sauflosa da mis saWeTmpyrobels kaTalikoz diasamiZes ioanes~.12

ese igi, qarTuli eklesiis meTauri zis samociqulo saydarze sveticxovelSi.

1702 wlis saeklesio krebis ganCinebaSi naTqvamia: `Cven, meufebisa mier

samociqulosa kaTolike eklesiasa zedan dadginebulman patronman mTavar-

efiskoposman qristefore, kaTalikozman evdemoz, amba alaverdelman, pa-

tronman nikoloz ninowmidelman ioseb, sula qarTvelTa da kaxT efiskopoz-

Ta... fici davdeviT...~.13 aqedan Cans, rom saqarTvelos kaTalikosi dadgenili

iyo saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis meTaurad da swored es aris saxel-

wodeba qarTuli eklesiisa. ZvelTaganve qarTuli eklesia marTlmadidebluri

mimarTulebisa iyo, da mas `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia~ ewodeboda.

sasurvelia, aRdges qarTuli eklesiis Zveli saxelwodeba da mas ofi-

cialurad ewodos `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia~, miT umetes, rom

sagangebo aRniSvnis gareSec cnobilia Cveni eklesiis marTlmadidebluri

mimarTuleba. oficialur sabuTebSi, saenciklopedio cnobarebsa Tu presaSi,

qarTuli eklesia Tavisi uZvelesi saxeliT unda ixseniebodes.


saqarTvelo mociqulTa dros

Zvel saqarTveloSi ueWvel WeSmaritebad iyo aRiarebuli wmida andri-

asa da sxva mociqulebis CvenSi moRvaweoba da qadageba.

axal droSi, gansakuTrebiT XX s-is dasawyisSi, wmida andrias saqarTveloSi

qadageba legendad gamocxadda. uarmyofelebs erT Tavis argumentad isic

miaCndaT, rom iberia umniSvnelo qveyana iyo, romelsac ar SeeZlo mociqul-

Ta yuradRebis mipyrobao.

sinamdvileSi, mociqulTa moRvaweobis epoqaSi, I s-is 30-iani wlebidan II s-is

60-iani wlebis CaTvliT, iberia iyo Zlieri saxelmwifo. amitomac romaeli

istorikosebi tacitusi, dion kasiusi da sxvebi xalisiT uTmobdnen TavianT

TxzulebebSi adgils misi sisxlsavse cxovrebis aRweras. Sua saukuneTa evro-

pelebi antikuri drois iberias ukeT icnobdnen, vidre TavianTi drois saqarTvelos.

I-II saukuneebSi sami saxelmwifo _ romi, iberia da parTia erTmaneTs

ecilebodnen vrcel miwebs amierkavkasiis samxreTiT. iberia imdenad iyo

gaZlierebuli, rom mas SeeZlo romaelTa daxmarebis gareSe daemarcxebina

parTiis saxelmwifo. iberiam ramdenjerme daamarcxa kidec parTiis jari.

amis gamo, roms eSinoda iberiis metismeti gaZlierebisa.

imperatorma avgustusma, romlis drosac, wmida saxarebis Tanaxmad, daiba-

da Cveni ufali da macxovari ieso qriste (luka, 2, 1), safuZveli daudo

megobrul urTierTobas romis imperiasa da iberiis saxelmwifos Soris. am

TvalsazrisiT ,,sayuradReboa romis imperatoris avgustusis cnoba, rode-

sac igi Tavisi mmarTvelobis bolos, ajamebs ra Tavis moRvaweobas, maT

Soris, vinc mis megobrobas eZiebda, asaxelebs, sxvaTa Soris, albanelebis,

iberielebis da midielebis mefeebsac.~14

megobrobam romsa da iberias Soris, romelic grZeldeboda I-II saukune-

Ta manZilze, gaaZliera da ganadida iberia.

Zvel istorikosTa cnobebs iberiis Sesaxeb adastureben arqeologebic.

maT mier mopovebuli masalis mixedviT Cans, rom `importuli saqoneli

vrceldeba ara marto iberiis did saqalaqo da administraciul centreb-

Si (mcxeTa, ufliscixe, urbnisi, zRuderi, gori, kldeeTi), aramed daba-sof-

lebSic (niCbisi, zemo xandaki, ateni da sxva). daba-soflebSi mravlad aris

napovni am drois monetebic~,15 rac qveynis ekonomiuri aRmavlobis utyuari

sabuTia. mcxeTaSi (armazSi) napovni arqeologiuri ganZis simdidrem ivane

javaxiSvils aTqmevina, rom xelaxla iyo dasaweri saqarTvelos istoriis

es monakveTi. I-II saukuneebSi iberiaSi simdidris dagrovebis erT-erTi

wyaro iyo warmatebuli sagareo omebi, saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi Cabma da

megobruli urTierToba romis imperiasTan. imperatorebi iberiis mefeebs

ugzavnidnen uxv saCuqrebs, razedac imdroindeli istorikosebi werdnen.

`qarTlis Cabmas saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi miuTiTebs I-III saukuneTa qarT-


lis arqeologiur masalaSi importuli saqonlis siuxve. mis udides naw-

ils Seadgens fufunebis sagnebi (vercxlisa da minis WurWeli, samkaulebi

da sxv.), ... qarTlTan savaWro urTierToba uCanT egviptis saxelosno cen-

trebs... aRmosavleTis qveynebidan (Sua azia, indoeTi, arabeTi) importirebu-

lia Zvirfasi qvebi (lali, Zowi, firuzi da sxv.), romelsac farTod iyenebd-

nen adgilobrivi oqromWedlebi, mravladaa importirebuli romauli glip-

tikuri Zeglebi, siriuli minis WurWeli. aRmoCenilia italiuri brinjaos

WurWeli, italiuri vercxlis Tasebi _ fialebi, romlebic armazisxevis

samarovanzea aRmoCenili da SesaniSnav mxatvrul nakeTobebs warmoadgenen

da SeiZleba diplomatiuri gziT, ZRvenis saxiT iyos Semosuli~.16

I-II saukuneebSi iberiis sazRvrebi icvleboda, magram ZiriTadad am dros

misi sazRvari dasavleTiT Sav zRvamde aRwevda, aRmosavleTiT misi gavle-

nis sferoSi Sedioda albaneTi, samxreTiT _ somxeTi. CrdiloeTiT alanebsa

da sarmatebzec aRwevda misi gavlena.

pliniusi (23-79 ww.) aRwers Woroxis SesarTavTan mdebare q. afsars

(dRevandeli gonio) da dasZens, rom ̀ am adgilebSi, ̀ mTebs iqiT~ aris iberia,

xolo sanapiroze saxloben henioxebi, amprevetebi, lazebi~.17 cxadia, q.

afsari da misi mimdebare sanapiro ar SeiZleboda iberiis mefis Zalau-

flebis qveS yofiliyo, radganac es qalaqi romaelebs eWiraT da iq romau-

li garnizoni idga, magram gonios zRvispira viwro zolis uSualod mom-

ijnave mTebs iqiT ukve iberiis saxelmwifo iyo.

arianes, romelmac imperator adrianes (131-137 ww.) dros imogzaura

Savi zRvispireTSi, am sanapiros erT-erT ubanze dasaxelebuli hyavs Zid-

ritebi, romlebic iberiis mefe farsmans emorCilebian... amrigad, Zidritebs

da maSasadame, iberias, eWira Savi zRvis piras ramdenime aTeuli kilometri

sigrZis monakveTi dRevandeli Woroxis SesarTavis samxreTiT.18

`qarTuli tradicia samcxesa da aWaras qarTlis samefos erT-erT

saerisTavod Tvlis. farsman II-is dros igi iseve, rogorc mezobeli klar-

jeTi, mtkiced Sedioda qarTlis samefoSi; masSi Sedioda aseve argveTi,

sadac amave tradiciis mixedviT, qarTlis calke administraciuli erTeu-

li _ saerisTavo unda yofiliyo.19 es ukanaskneli garemoeba, sxvaTa Soris,

dasturdeba arqeologiuri monacemebiTac.20 sof. borSi (Sorapnis samxreT-

aRmosavleTiT 7-8 km-ze) mdidrul samarxSi aRmoCnda vercxlis Tasi, e. w.

armazuli damwerlobiT amokveTili warweriT, romelic ixseniebs ̀ buzmihrs,

keTil pitiaxSs~. fiqroben, rom aRniSnuli buzmihri iberiis mefis moxele

unda yofiliyo lixsiqiTa mxareSi (`pitiaxSi~ — `mefis nacvali~). ze-

stafonidan 7 km-is manZilze sof. kldeeTSi gamovlinda mdidari samarxe-

bi, romlebic inventariT axlo dgas armazisxevis samarxebis inventarTan..21

maSasadame, mociqulTa epoqaSi iberiis samefos mtkiced aqvs fexi mokide-

buli dasavleT saqarTveloSi. lazikis garda dasavleT saqarTvelos yve-


la kuTxe iberiaSi Sedis. lazeTi, Cans, romma Camoacila iberias, magram aq

romaelTa xelisufleba Zlieri ar yofila, amitomac romauli diplomatia

Tavisi devizis `gaTiSe da ibatones~ Tanaxmad lazebs uniSnavs mefes,

riTac xelovnurad cdilobs iberia _ lazikis gayofas. sinamdvileSi ki,

lazebis es `mefeebi~ iberiis mefis erisTavebi unda yofiliyvnen. bunebrivi

ar iqneboda, Tu vifiqrebdiT, rom iberia, romelsac mociqulTa dros Zala

Seswevda romaelTa daxmarebis gareSe parTia daemarcxebina, Tavis Zalau-

flebas ver ganaxorcielebda lazebsa da dasavleT saqarTveloze mTli-

anad. Cans, romaelTa gulis mogebis mizniT iberiam scno lazikis samefo,

magram, faqtobrivad, es `mefeebi~ iberiis mefis erisTavebi iyvnen, yovel

SemTxvevaSi asea ̀ qarTlis cxovrebasa~ da sxva wyaroebSi dacul cnobebSi.

dasavleT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebis arqeologiuri Seswavla

dabejiTebiT adasturebs Zvel qarTul tradicias imis Sesaxeb, rom aRmo-

savleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos mociqulTa epoqaSi saerTo, erTiani kultu-

ra hqonda da kulturuli mTlianoba mTel dasavleT da aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi, egrisis CaTvliT, ueWvelia.

`mkvlevarTa yuradReba miiqcia iman, rom iberiis dedaqalaq mcxeTaSi

napovn ax.w.aR-is pirveli saukuneebis materialuri kulturis, kerZod, saiuve-

liro xelovnebis SesaniSnav Zeglebs paraleli moepoveba ara marto borisa

da kldeeTis, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos araerT sxva punqtSi aRmoCenil

masalaSic (sargveSSi, kldeeTis maxloblad, ureki-zRvis sanapiroze, md. suf-

sis SesarTavis axlos da sxv.). am safuZvelze zogierTi mkvlevari lapara-

kobs ax.w.aR-is pirvel saukuneebSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze erTiani adgi-

lobrivi kulturis batonobis gavrcelebaze... gansakuTrebiT Zlieri unda

yofiliyo aRmosavlur-qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis gavlena dasavleT

saqarTveloSi lazTa samefos Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis procesze~.22

mociqulTa epoqaSi iberia aqtiur sagareo politikas eweoda samxreTis

mimarTulebiT. `iberiis mefeebi, ueWvelia, cdilobdnen maqsimalurad gamo-

eyenebinaT xelsayreli sagareo politikuri situacia Tavisi samefos sazRvre-

bis gasafarToeblad. am mxriv, isini iseT warmatebas aRweven, rom I s-is 30-

ian wlebSi ibrZvian ara marto somxeTis sasargeblod adre dakarguli

calkeuli samxreTis olqebis, aramed saerTod mTeli somxeTis SemosaerTe-

blad~.23 iberia mTeli I-II saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi ganagrZobda brZolas

somxeTis SemosaerTeblad da zogjer ierTebda kidec.

aRmosavleTiT iberia miiswrafoda albaneTze batonobisken da aRwevda

kidec amas. albaneTsa da iberias am dros, TiTqmis mudam erTi sagareo-

politikuri orientacia hqondaT. `aqamde mas mudam iberiasTan erTad erT

banakSi vxedavT... etyoba, albaneTi Tu misdami politikur damokidebulebaSi

ara, iberiis politikuri gavlenis qveS mainc imyofeboda. magram farsmanis

iberia, romelic somxeTis dauflebasac ki cdilobda, bunebrivia, miiswrafo-

da sruli batonobisaken agreTve albaneTze~.24


straboni (64 w. qristemde — 18 w. qristes Semdeg) werda. `xolo

albanTa da iberTa tomebs, romelTac ukaviaT upiratesad moxsenebuli yeli,

da romelsac kavkasiuri ewodebaT, aqvT mdidari qveyana da gansakuTrebiT

vargisi kargad dasasaxleblad. marTlac, iberia kargad aris dasaxlebuli

qalaqebiTac da soflebiTac~.25

iberiis sazogadoeba, strabonis Tanaxmad, dayofilia 4 socialur jgu-

fad, romelTac is `genoss~ uwodebs, xolo qarTulad gvarad Targmnian.

straboni imas ki ar werda, rom iberiaSi oTxi xalxi cxovrobso, aramed

oTxi socialuri jgufiao. aseve strabonis mier aRwerili mTis iberebi da

baris iberebi erTi xalxia, magram cxovrebis sxvadasxva wesebi aqvT geografiuli

garemos, saqmianobis da mezoblad mcxovrebi xalxebis urTierTgavleniTac.

Tanaxmad wmida saxarebisa, ieso qristem Tavis mowafeebs misca miTiTeba

wasuliyvnen msoflios sxvadasxva xalxebSi da gaevrcelebinaT qristianoba

— `warvediT da moimowafeniT yovelni warmarTni da naTel-scemdiT saxel-

iTa mamisaATa da ZisaATa da sulisa wmidisaATa~ (maTe, 28, 19), anu axali

qarTuliT — `wadiT da aswavleT yvela xalxs...~ daaxloebiT 33 wels moiq-

ca pavle mociquli da qadagebda damaskoSi, 44-45 wlebSi is siriasa da

kilikiaSi moRvaweobda, 45 wels barnabasTan erTad mogzaurobs, rogorc

misioneri. 49 wlis gazafxulze Sedga ierusalimis kreba. amave wels petre

da pavle antioqiaSi imyofebian. amis Semdeg, SemodgomiT, mociquli pavle

meore samisionero mogzaurobaSi gaemgzavra, iyo korinToSi. 53 wels mesame

samisionero mogzaurobaSia. 54 wlis SemodgomiT, efesoSia 57 wlis gazafx-

ulamde. 58 wels ierusalimSia, sadac daiWires. 60 wlis Semodgomaze gemiT

gaemgzavra italiaSi. 64-65 wlebSi iyo pirveli didi devna qristianebisa, 67

wels awames wm. petre da pavle. 66-67 ww. qristianebi gandevnes ierusalim-

idan. daiwyo iudeis ajanyeba (iudeis omi). 69 wels titem alya Semoartya

ierusalims da dawva taZari. mociquli ioane gadasaxlda efesoSi. man

daaxl. 99-100 ww. Seadgina saxareba, xolo 95 wels _ gamocxadeba (42-45 ww.

maTem Seadgina saxareba, 61-63 ww. _ lukam, 62-63 ww. _ markozma).

RvTismetyvelebi weren, rom 12 mociqulTagan petre romamde qadagebda

iudeasa da antioqiaSi. igi jvars acves romSi Tavqve dakidebiT. andria,

gadmocemis Tanaxmad, qadagebda skviTeTSi, saberZneTsa da mcire aziaSi, jvars

acves X-is formis jvarze; mociquli iakobi qadagebda ierusalimsa da

iudeaSi, mas ierusalimSi 44 wels Tavi mohkveTa herodem. mociquli ioane

qadagebda mcire aziasa da efesoSi, gadaasaxles kunZul patmosze 95 w.,

gardaicvala bunebrivi sikvdiliT. mociquli iakobi qadagebda palestinasa

da egvipteSi, 63 wels gadmoagdes ierusalimis taZris saxuravidan. iuda _

lebeosi (Tadeozi, alfesi), gadmocemis Tanaxmad, qadagebda asureTsa da

sparseTSi. sparseTSi awames. mociquli filipe frigiaSi qadagebda, garda-

icvala iqve. mociqul barTlomes qadagebis adgili ucnobia, gadmocemiT,


tyavi gaaZvres. mociquli maTe mezvere qadagebda iudevelTa Soris da

afrikaSi, awames eTiopiaSi. mociquli Toma qadagebda siriaSi, sparseTsa da

indoeTSi, locvisas isriT gangmires. svimon kananelis qadagebis adgili

ucnobia, gadmocemis Tanaxmad, jvars acves. iuda iskariotelis nacvlad

arCeuli mataTa mociqulis qadagebis adgili ucnobia.26

rogorc aRniSnulidan Cans, mociqulebi imdroindeli msoflios im qvey-

nebSi qadagebdnen, romelnic ierusalimis garSemo iyvnen, kerZod, romis

imperiaSi, skviTeTSi, egviptesa da eTiopiaSi, sparseTsa da asureTSi, fri-

giaSi, afrikaSi, indoeTSi. mociqulTa umetesoba qadagebda mcire aziaSi,

romelic ZiriTadad imperiaSi Sedioda. kerZod, mociqulebi petre, andria,

ioane mcire aziaSi qadagebdnen.

zemoT moyvanilidan ise Cans, TiTqosda mociqulebs kavkasiaSi ar uqada-

giaT, xolo garSemo yvela qveyanaSi skviTeTSi, mcire aziasa da sparseTSi

iqadages.

Zveli istorikosebi, romlebic aRwerdnen mociqulTa qadagebas, xom ar

miiCnevdnen amierkavkasias skviTeTis, mcire aziis, anda sparseTis nawilad?

marTlac, somexi samRvdeloeba da somexi mecnierebi somxur eklesias

samociqulos uwodeben, somxuri eklesia daufuZnebia iq moqadage mociqul

Tadeozs, romelmac RvTismetyvelTa zemoT moyvanili siis Tanaxmad iqadaga

asureTsa da sparseTSi. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom an somxeTs miiCnevd-

nen sparseTis nawilad, anda sparseTisaken mimaval gzaze man somxeTze

gaiara da daafuZna somxuri eklesia.

aseve savsebiT SesaZlebelia somxeTi mieCniaT mcire aziis nawilad, sa-

dac bevri mociquli qadagebda.

Zveli istorikosebi skviTeTs uwodebdnen vrcel geografiul areals,

romelic zogjer moicavda amierkavkasiasac, ris Sesaxebac qvemoT vwerT.

amitomac, roca weren, rom andriam skviTeTSi iqadagao, SesaZlebelia, gulisx-

moben amierkavkasias, kerZod, saqarTvelos.

aRsaniSnavia, rom gzebi sparseTisa da indoeTisken, aseve skviTeTisken

gadioda amierkavkasiaze.

gza mcire aziidan da antioqiidan, saidanac mociqulebi saerTod miemg-

zavrebodnen aRmosavleTSi samisionerod, somxeTze gadioda. `somxeTze

gadioda umTavresi savaWro-satranzito gzebi, romlebic erTmaneTs ukav-

Sirebda aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs~.27

dasavleTidan sparseTisa da indoeTisken mimaval mociqulebs somxeTze

unda gaevloT. I-II saukuneebSi saqarTvelos mezobeli somxeTis odesRac

Zlieri saxelmwifo dasustebuli iyo. amiT isargebla iberiam da Seudga

sazRvrebis gafarToebas samxreTis mimarTulebiT, risTvisac alanebTan me-

gobruli urTierTobiTac sargeblobda. I s-is 30-iani wlebidan iberia

mTeli somxeTis SemosaerTeblad ibrZvis. 35 wels iberebi mefis Zis, fars-


manis, meTaurobiT SeiWrnen somxeTSi da daikaves misi dedaqalaqi arta-

Sati. qarTvelTa mizans Seadgenda somxeTidan parTiis jaris gandevna.

`iberebma, tacitusis cnobiT, albanelebi da sarmatebi moixmes~.28 qarTvele-

bi, cxenosani jaris garda, Zlier qveiT jarsac flobdnen. tacitusis cno-

biT, parTelTa laSqari iberTa jarma daamarcxa, `somxeTSi gamefda iberTa

mefis miTridates Ze da misi momdevno mefis farsmanis Zma miTridate~.29

Semdgom parTelTa mefem kvlav Semoutia qarTvelebs, magram damarcxda.

`amrigad, somxeTSi mefoba iberiel ufliswuls miTridates darCa~. `ro-

maelebi kargad xedavdnen iberiis mmarTvelTa swrafvas daemorCilebinaT

mTlianad somxeTi. somxeTisaTvis brZola axla, faqtobrivad, sam saxelmwi-

fos _ roms, parTiasa da iberias Soris mimdinareobda. iberias, rogorc 35

wlis ambebiT SeiZleba vimsjeloT, romis daxmarebis gareSec unari Seswev-

da gaemarjva parTiaze~.29 `romSi, ueWvelia, SiSobdnen iberiis metismet

gaZlierebas...~30

imperatorma klavdiusma (41-54) miTridate kvlav somxeTis taxtis dasakave-

blad gamogzavna 47 wels. `sul ramodenime wlis Semdeg, 51 wels, iberiis

mefe farsmani gadavida aSkara brZolaze Tavisi Zmis, somxeTis mefis miTri-

dates winaaRmdeg. saqme exeboda farsmanis cdas, daufleboda somxeTis

samefos... farsmanis iberia, romelic somxeTis dauflebasac ki cdilobda,

bunebrivia, miiswrafoda sruli batonobisken, agreTve albaneTze~.31

qarTvelTa mefe farsmanma gadawyvita somxeTSi gaemefebina Tavisi vaJi

radamisti, xolo Tavisi Zma miTridate somxeTis taxtidan Camoegdo. amiT

farsmani somxeTs uSualod uerTebda Tavis samefos. marTlac, qarTvelma

ufliswulma radamistma didZali laSqriT SeZlo somxeTis samefos Semo-

erTeba. somxeTi, faqtobrivad, iberiasTan aRmoCnda SeerTebuli. `mezobel

qveynebSi (siriaSi, kapadokiaSi) mdgomi romauli laSqris sardlebi Seec-

adnen daebrunebinaT romisaTvis somxeTi...~32

male farsmanma moakvlevina radamisti, romelic SeiZleba mamisTvis same-

fos warTmevas lamobda. tacitusi wers, rom `radamisti iyo SesaniSnavi

fizikuri aRnagobisa da Zalis axalgazrda, romelsac didi saxeli hqonda

gavardnili rogorc Tavis xalxSi, ise mezoblebSi~.33 Tu iberieli ufliswuli

mezoblebSi ase saxelganTqmuli iyo, cxadia, iberiaSi mimdinare ambebi

mTel romis imperiaSic cxovel interess aRZravda. `58 wels, rodesac

romSi mmarTvelad ukve neroni (54-66) ijda, aRmosavleTSi saomari mo-

qmedebis xelmZRvanelad gaigzavna gneius domicius korbuloni. iberebi am

dros romaelTa mokavSireebs Soris iyvnen... mokavSireebma miiRes `somxe-

Tis maT samflobeloebTan mosazRvre nawilebi~. maSasadame,34 58 wels

iberias SeuerTda somxeTis is nawilebi, romlebic mas esazRvrebodnen.

63 wels romsa da parTias Soris daido xelSekruleba somxeTTan dakav-

SirebiT. ̀ SesaZlebelia, romsa da parTias Soris somxeTis gamo SeTanxmebis


erT-erT mizezs warmoadgenda safrTxe, romelic gamouCnda somxeTs iberi-

isa da maTi mokavSire alanebis mxriv~.35 am xelSekrulebam gaamwvava iberi-

asa da somxeTs Soris brZola.

70-ian wlebSi iberebi da maTi mokavSireebi Sevidnen somxeTSi da gaima-

rjves. am dros mefobda farsman I-is Ze miTridate.

1940 wels armazisxevSi aRmoCnda arameuli warwera. am warweraSi lapar-

akia iberTa mier mopovebuli gamarjvebis Sesaxeb da amasTan dakavSirebiT

armenia ixsenieba. àm laSqrobebma, romlebic uciloblad, miuxedavad

mose xorenelTan daculi xalxuri tradiciisa, iberTa gamarjvebiT damTavrda,

ueWvelia, didad ganamtkica iberiis samefos da misi mmarTvelis — miTri-

dates avtoriteti~.36

75 wlisaTvis romaelebi armazis cixis galavans umagreben TavianT me-

gobar qarTvelTa mefes. àmas mowmobs mcxeTaSi napovni 75 wliT daTariRe-

buli berZnuli warwera, Sedgenili vespasianes, tacitusisa da domicianes

saxeliT, sadac laparakia armazis cixis galavnis gamagrebaze, romaelTa

mier iberTa mefe miTridatesaTvis _ ̀ keisrisa da romaelTa megobrisaTvis~.37

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, somxeTi, romelzedac gadioda aRmosav-

leTisa da dasavleTis damakavSirebeli gzebi, I saukuneSi, politikurad,

iberiis nawiladac ki SeiZleboda miCneuli yofiliyo. sparseTsa da indo-

eTSi mimavali mociqulebi am gzas gverds ver auvlidnen.

aseve skviTeTSi mimavali andria mociquli gzas ver auqcevda iberias,

radganac iberia gadioda ara marto Sav zRvaze, aramed `kaspiis bWec~ mas

eWira. amas mowmobs romSi napovni qarTvelTa mefis miTridate III-is Zmis

amazaspis saflavis qvis epitafia, sadac naTqvamia: `mefis saxelovani Ze

amazaspi, miTridate mefis Zma, romlis mSobliuri miwac aris kaspiis bWesTan,

iberi iberis Ze, aq marxia wminda qalaqTan...~38

II saukunis dasawyisSi qarTvelTa samefos sazRvrebi Savi zRvispiras

rom gadioda, mowmobs ariane, romelic 131 wels mogzaurobda Savi zRvis

piras. misi cnobiT, am sanapiros erT-erT ubanze saxlobdnen Zidritebi.

isini qarTvelTa mefe farsmans emorCilebian. II s-is 30-ian 50-ian wlebSi

qarTlSi mefobda farsman meore, romelsac farsman qveli ewoda.

ÌI s-is pirvel naxevarSi qarTli, rogorc Cans, kidev ufro Zlierdeba.

Tu misi sagareo-politikuri warmatebebis mixedviT vimsjelebT, swored es

unda yofiliyo antikuri xanis qarTlis samefos yvelaze ufro didi Zlierebis

xana~.39 ̀ farsman II-is dros qarTli, Cans, ukve yovelgvari SeniRbvis gareSe

ebrZvis roms da cdilobs mis gandevnas kolxeTidan da sxva mezobeli

adgilebidan. amasTanave, igi am saqmeSi rodi eZiebs parTiis mxardaWeras.

qarTlis mmarTvelebi, etyoba, Tamamad upirispirdebian romsa da parTias

erTdroulad. 134 wels farsman II-s, rogorc dion kasiusi gvatyobinebs,

mouwyvia alanTa didi Seseva romisa da parTiis samflobeloebze. alanebi

Tavs daesxnen albaneTsa da midias, agreTve, armeniasa da kapadokias~.40


farsmani ise gaZlierda, rom `Tavi damoukideblad eWira~. imperatori

adriane yovelmxriv cdilobda gaeumjobesebina urTierToba qarTvelTa

mefesTan, magram farsmani ar midioda daTmobaze. farsmanma qedmaRlurad

uari Tqva imperatoris miwvevaze da romSi ar Cavida. Tumca, sazogadod

iberia da romis saxelmwifoebi am dros megobar qveynebad iTvlebodnen.

imperatoris biografi elius spartiane wers, rom adrianem qarTvelTa

mefes yvelaze meti, uricxvi Zvirfasi saCuqari gaugzavna. `Tu gaviTval-

iswinebT iberiasa da roms Soris am dros arsebul daZabul urTierTobas,

unda vifiqroT, rom ariane iberiaSi SeiZleboda moxvedriliyo mxolod dip-

lomatiuri misiiT, e.i. rogorc imperatoris elCi. egebis is saCuqrebi, romelzedac

laparakobs elius spartiane, farsmans swored arianem Caabara~.41

momdevno imperatoris, antonius piusis (133-161) dros farsman II

saqarTvelodan meuRliTa da didi amaliT gaemgzavra romSi, sadac mas

sazeimo Sexvedra mouwyves. dion kasiusis Tanaxmad, imperators `gaufar-

Toebia misi samflobelo~. Cans, ara marto scno iberiis ukve arsebuli

sazRvrebi, aramed daumata kidec sxva miwebi SavzRvispireTsa da somxeTSi.

sapatio qarTvel stumars neba darTes msxverpli Seewira kapitoliumSi.

imperatori daswrebia farsmanis, misi Zisa da sxva qarTveli didebulebis

samxedro varjiSs.

romSi daidga farsmanis cxenosani qandakeba. farsmanis Casvla romSi

miRebul iqna rogorc imperatorisadmi pativiscema, Tanaxmad antonius piu-

sis biografis _ iulius kapitolinisa.

farsmanis vizits iseTi didi STabeWdileba mouxdenia romSi, rom igi

saqalaqo qronikas pirvel adgilze aRubeWdavs, rasac mowmobs warwera

marmarilos firfitaze, romelic romis Zvel navsadgurSi aRmoCnda~.42

rogorc zemomoyvanilidan Cans, saqarTvelo mociqulTa epoqaSi I-II sauku-

neebSi, mtkice da Zlieri qveyana iyo, gafarToebuli sazRvrebiT, simdidriT

saxelganTqmuli, ekonomiuri cxovrebiT dawinaurebuli, maRalganviTarebu-

li sazogadoebrivi urTierTobiT.

mociqulTa epoqaSi saerTaSoriso savaWro gzebi saqarTveloze gadioda.

`axali welTaRricxvis pirveli saukuneebi saerTod saerTaSoriso savaWro

urTierTobaTa gansakuTrebuli aRmavlobis xanaa, iberiac, ra Tqma unda,

CaTreuli iyo am saerTaSoriso vaWrobis oromtrialSi. qarTlis dedaqalaqi

mcxeTa ara marto didi strategiuli gzebis, aramed, sxvadasxva mxridan

savaWro gzebis gadakveTaze mdebareobda. aq iyrida Tavs somxeTidan, al-

baneTidan, kolxeTidan da `CrdiloeTis momTabareTagan~ momdinare gzebi.

cnobili romauli ruka qarTlis samefos teritoriaze uCvenebs araerT

gzas, romlebic ueWvelia, amave dros savaWro magistralebs warmoadgenda.

erTi aseTi gza somxeTis dedaqalaq artaSatidan sebastopolisSi (soxumi)

midioda. gadadioda igi javaxeTsa da samcxeze, qarTlis uZvelesi centre-


bis, wundasa da oZrxes maxloblad (sadac, matianeTa Tanaxmad, gaiara mo-

ciqulma andria pirvelwodebulma, mociqulebma mataTiam da simon kananel-

ma _ ep. a.j.). wundaSi am gzis erTi toti qarTlis Sida raionebisken

uxvevda. meore mxriv, dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimavali gza rodopolisidan

(vardcixe) uxvevda rogorc dasavleTiT (rionis gayolebiT fazisisken),

aseve aRmosavleTiT (iseve rionis da Semdgom yviriliT sviris, Sorapnis

gavliT aRm. saqarTveloSi). meore gza artaSatidan qarTlSi modioda... ra

Tqma unda, saerTo vaWrobis ferxulSi qarTli Cabmuli iyo ara marto am

gzebiT. samcxesa da javaxeTze gadioda agreTve samxreT-dasavleTiT _

taosa da klarjeTs da kidev ufro samxreTiT, mcire aziisken mimavali

gzebi (riTac, rogorc `qarTlis cxovrebidan~ Cans, isargebla andria mo-

ciqulma _ ep. a.j.). II s-is avtori iberiis samosaxloTa Soris asaxelebs

artanisas _ gviandel artanujs~...43

romauli sagzao ruka _ ̀ tabula peutingeriana~, romelzedac aRniSnuli

gzebia datanili, IV saukuneSia Sedgenili, ̀ magram mniSvnelovanwilad ufro

Zvel, I-II ss. masalas emyareba~.44

andria pirvelwodebuli saqarTveloSi Semosula, rogorc am rukisa da

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnobebis SedarebiT Cans, im gziT, romelic oZrxedan

gadadioda dasavleT saqarTveloSi da mTavrdeboda sebastopolisSi (sox-

umSi). oZrxedan es gza, Cans, midioda ara marto klarjeTsa da taoSi,

aramed uerTdeboda trapezuntsac, saidanac pirveli mogzaurobis dros

Semovida mociquli andria, xolo sxva mogzaurobis dros mas taos gziTac

usargeblia. es mxareebi, aseve dasavleT saqarTvelo Sorapnamde uSualod

iberiis mefis xelqveiTi qveynebi iyo.

mcxeTaSi Sedioda gza, romelic gamodioda somxeTis qalaq artaSatidan.

xolo mcire aziidan saqarTveloSi Semomavali gzebi tao-klarjeTisa da

oZrxis gavliT dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadadioda sebastopolisamde. cno-

bilia, rom andria mociquli moRvaweobda mcire aziaSi, saidanac savaWro

gziT Semovida kidec saqarTveloSi — oZrxesa da sebastopolisSi. andria

mociquls somxeTSi rom emoRvawna, mas savaWro gza mcxeTaSi miiyvanda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom I-III saukuneTa saqarTvelos sidiade da brwyinvaleba

(rasac yovelwliurad adasturebs axal-axali arqeologiuri aRmoCena mcxeTis

midamoebSi da sxvagan), naklebad iyo cnobili CvenSi. am mdgomareobas

uTuod iman Seuwyo xeli, rom ̀ qarTlis cxovreba~ ar asaxavs amas, piriqiT,

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, imdroindeli qarTli somxeTis zegavlenis

qveS imyofeboda. ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ analizi uflebas iZleva iTqvas, rom

misi `mefeTa ambavis~ erTi nawili dawerilia, xolo didi nawili re-

daqtirebulia VI-VII saukuneebSi. am dros (VI s.) saqarTvelo ar iyo

Tavisufali qveyana, gauqmebuli iyo qarTuli saxelmwifo da CvenSi sparse-

Ti batonobda. sparseTi ki monofizitebs uWerda mxars da amitom somxur


eklesias abatonebda amierkavkasiis (da maT Soris saqarTvelos) qris-

tianebze, rac somxuri orientaciis wreebs saSualebas miscemda esworebi-

naT ara marto qarTuli wmida werili somxuri redaqciebis mixedviT,

razedac migviTiTebs giorgi mcire Tavis `giorgi mTawmidelis cxovreba-

Si~, aramed qarTuli istoriuli qronikebi da matianeebic.

giorgi mcire wers _ `egreTve daRacaTu pirveliTganve guqondes wer-

ilnica da sarwmunoebaO WeSmariti da marTali, garna... Soris Cuensa daTe-

sul iyvnes borotni igi Teslni somexTani, gularZnilni da manqanani, da

amis mier friad guevneboda, rameTu naTesavi Cueni wrfel iyo da umanko,

xolo igini reca mizeziTa wesierebisaATa, reca cTunebad guazmnobdes da

romelnime wignnica guaqundes maTgan Targmnilni~.45 Targmnil an redaqtire-

bul ̀ romelnime wignnSi~, Cans, qarTuli matianeebic Sedioda.

Tanamedrove gamoCenili istorikosi g. meliqiSvili amCnevs `qarTlis

cxovrebaSi~ mociqulTa epoqis Sesabamisi ambebis aRwerisas armenofilur

gavlenas, kerZod, wers. `aSkaraa, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ monaTxrobs am

laSqrobis Sesaxeb somxuri tradicia udevs safuZvlad. amaze miuTiTebs

aSkara armenofiluri tendencia, romelic monaTxrobs wiTel zolad gas-

devs~.46

`qarTlis cxovrebac~ I s. 70-80-iani wlebis ambebis gadmocemisas, rogorc

vTqviT, agreTve somxur tradicias eyrdnoba~.47

`qarTamis mefobis aRwerisas qarTuli wyaroebi kvlav Zveli somxuri

tradiciidan amodian...~.48

`yovel SemTxvevaSi aSkaraa, rom qarTuli wyaros moTxroba damokidebu-

lia somxur tradiciaze, romelic yovelmxriv arbilebs somexTa mier gancdil

marcxs iberiis mefe qarTamTan brZolaSi~.49

VI-VII saukuneebSi, roca xdeboda qarTuli wignebis armenofiluri re-

daqtireba, Cveni qveynis mpyrobeli xosro I anuSirvani (551-579 ww.) mfarvel-

obda somxur eklesias da aZlierebda mas. xosro II farvizic (591-628 ww.)

aZlierebda somxur eklesias. cnobilia, rom bizantiis imperator herakle

keisris iranSi laSqrobis dros `didebulebis nawilma, romelic ukmayofi-

lo iyo monofizitebTan Sahis daaxloebiT, xosro II taxtidan Camoagdo da

mokla~.50

sruliad marTalni Canan giorgi mcire da sxva Zveli qarTveli moRvawee-

bi, roca weren qarTuli wignebis armenofiluri redaqtirebis Sesaxeb.

amiT aris gamowveuli is, rom mociqulTa epoqis saqarTvelos brwyinvale-

ba da sidiade ar asaxa `qarTlis cxovrebam~ da ucnobi darCa Semdegi

TaobebisaTvis. ase rom, mociqulTa epoqaSi, I-II saukuneebSi saqarTvelo iyo

maSindel msoflioSi saxelganTqmuli, Zlieri saxelmwifo, romelzedac ga-

dioda gzebi romis imperiidan aRmosavleTisa da CrdiloeTis qveynebisken.

aseT qveyanas mociqulebi gverds ver auvlidnen TavianTi moRvaweobis dros.


wmida andriasa da sxva mociqulebisqadageba saqarTveloSi

`pirvelwodebuli andria, ZmaA Tavisa mociqulTaAsa petresi, vidre Cven-

damdeca moiwia da qadaga sacxorebeli qadagebaA saxarebisA yovelsa quey-

anasa saqarTveloAsasa~,51 _ werda daviT aRmaSeneblis dros mowveuli

ruis-urbnisis saeklesio kreba, yvelaze avtoritetuli kreba qarTuli ek-

lesiis istoriaSi.

am krebis Tanaxmad, samwyso wmida andria mociqulisa iyo ara romelime

kuTxe, aramed mTliani saqarTvelo _ `yoveli queyana saqarTveloAsa~.

giorgi mTawmidelic im Tvalsazrisisa iyo, rom saqarTvelos patriarqi

ganagebda andria mociqulis mier daarsebul eklesias da amitomac ijda

samociqulo taxtze. man antioqiis patriarqs ganucxada:

`wmidao meufeo, Sen ityY, viTarmed Tavisa mis mociqulTaAsa petres

saydarsa vzio, xolo Cuen pirvelwodebulisa da Zmisa TYsisa mwodebelisa

nawilni varT da samwysoni da mis mier moqceulni da ganaTlebulni. da

erTi wmidaTa aTormetTa mociqulTagani _ simons vityY kananelsa _ queya-

nasa Cuensa damarxul ars, afxazeTs, romelsa nikofsi ewodebis. amaT wmida-

Ta mociqulTa ganaTlebulni varT~.52

andria mociquli macxovris upirvelesi mowafe iyo. ieso qristem pirve-

lad mas mouwoda, Semdeg andriam Tavisi Zma petre daumowafa moZRvars.

antioqiis eklesia wmida petres mier iyo daarsebuli da amitomac miiC-

neoda, rom antioqiis patriarqi ijda petres saydarze. antioqiis patriar-

qi fiqrobda, rom es maRali taxti mas uflebas aZlevda ganecxadebina

pretenzia qarTuli eklesiis damorCilebaze. wmida giorgi mTawmidelma

mas upasuxa _ ̀ wmidao meufeo, Suenis esreT, rATa wodebuli igi mwodebelsa

mas daemorCilos, rameTu petresi jer ars, raATa daemorCilos mwodebelsa

TYssa da Zmasa andreas, da rATa Tquen Cuen daguemorCilneT!~53

giorgi mTawmidelis msjeloba savsebiT logikuria. Tuki damorCileba-

zea laparaki, maSin ufro samarTliani iqneba, Tu umcrosi Zma ufross,

wodebuli mwodebels daemorCileba, radganac wmida andriam mouwoda Tavis

Zmas petres da petre daemorCila mas, amitomac wmida petres eklesia,

antioqiis sapatriarqo, unda daemorCilos wmida andrias eklesias _ saqarTve-

los sapatriarqoso.

giorgi mcire saqarTvelos uwodebs andria mociqulisa da simon kanane-

lis samwysos. `esreT yoveli aRmosavli gananaTla da nawili igi andrea

mociqulisaO da simon kananelisaO kualad ganmtkica, rameTu andrea mo-

ciqulman movlo qveyanaO Cueni, xolo simon kananelman sruliad daimkYdra,

rameTu nikofss arian nawilni misni wmidani~.54


cnobili moRvawe efrem mcire berZnul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT werda, rom

qristes saxareba saqarTveloSi iqadaga ara marto andriam, aramed mo-

ciqulma barTlomemac _ ìTqumis CuenTYsca mimovslasa Sina wmida mo-

ciqulTasa _ andria pirvelwodebulisa mier qadageba Soris avazgiasa,

romel ars afxazeTi, da mier warvsla oseTad, da kualad barTlomes mier

mimovla CrdiloeTisa, romel ars qarTli~.55

Cans, qarTul eklesiaSi damkvidrebuli Sexeduleba ramdenadme gansx-

vavdeboda efrem mciris berZnuli wyaroebis Tvalsazrisisagan. am Tval-

sazrisis Tanaxmad, andria mociqulma iqadaga mTlian saqarTveloSi, xolo

berZnuli wyaroebi, romliTac sargeblobda efrem mcire, miuTiTebdnen, rom

andriam iqadaga dasavleT saqarTveloSi anu àfxazeTSi~.

saqarTveloSi aderkis mefobis pirvelsave wels iSva ufali Cveni ieso

qriste. uflis jvarcmas ierusalimSi saqarTvelodan eswrebodnen elioz

mcxeTeli da longinoz karsneli.

àman aderki daipyra yoveli queyana qarTli da egrisi... xolo pirvel-

save welsa mefobisa misisasa iSva ufali Cueni ieso qriste, beTlems

uriastanisasa~. _ `da warvides aqaT elioz mcxeTeli da longinoz kars-

neli. da mun daxudes juarcmasa uflisasa da maT moiRes muniT kuarTi

uflisa, viTarca weril ars ese gancxadebulad moqcevasa qarTlisasa~.56

Cans, maT kvarTi Seisyides romaeli jariskacebisagan, romelTac jvarcmuli

iesos tansacmeli gainawiles.

dekanozi m. kelenjeriZe wers: `qristes sjulis pirvel mqadageblebad

saqarTveloSi qristes mociqulebi iTvlebian: andria, svimon kananeli, mataTe

da kapadokiaSic petre... istorikosebi or banakad iyofian im sakiTxis

Sesaxeb, iyvnen Tu ara mociqulebi saqarTveloSi: zogni uaryofen am faqts,

sxvebi ara... uarismyofelni imiT asabuTeben TavianT azrs, rom pavle mo-

ciqulis meti arc erTi mociquli ar yofila saqadageblad warmarTTa

Soris da verc iqnebodnen, radgan maT marto `winadacveTilTa~ Soris (e.i.

ebraelTa) hqondaT neba qadagebisao. am azris miReba SeuZlebelia Semdegi

sabuTebis ZaliT: 1. iseTi avtoritetebi Zveli qristianobis istoriaSi,

rogorebic arian prof. v. bolotovi da arqiep. sergi, agreTve leipcigis

prof. voogi da natalisi, uars ar hyofen mociqulebis warmarTTa Soris

qadagebas. 2. meore saukunis iseTi msxvili mecnieri, rogoric iyo origeni,

ambobs, andria skviTebSi iyoo, mas emxrobian prokofi da evsevic. uka-

nasknels Tavis istoriaSi (IV s.) mohyavs origenis sityvebi: `Tomam parTia

miiRo, andriam skviTia, ioanem asia da petrem ponto, galatia, biTinia da

kapadukiao~. 3. wyaroebSi mataTe mociqulze weria, eTiopiaSi qadagebdao.

saukeTeso mecnierni am eTiopias aRiarebdnen axal, Sina eTiopiad, saxeldo-

br, kolxidad, samegrelod da skviTebis qveynad, rac sazRvravda samegre-

lo-afxazeTs. gadaWriT asaxeleben kidev pontod, saca mdinare fazisi


(rioni) zRvas erTviso. 4. qriste marto ebraelTaTvis ar mosula da arc

mociqulebisaTvis ubrZanebia ebraelebze izruneT mxolodo: piriqiT, aseTi

mcneba daudva maT: `warvediT da moimowafeniT yovelni ernio~... 5. Tuki

mociqulebs marto ebraelTa Soris qadageba evalebodaT. ratom gadmovida

mociqulebze suliwmida da riRasTvis aswavla ucxo enebi? TviTon mo-

ciqulebi ebraelebi iyvnen da ebraelTa Soris ucxo enebi rad dasWirde-

bodaT? 6. filipe diakonma eTiopieli saWurisi monaTla da petrem —

romis asisTavi korniliosi _ warmarTi mTeli ojaxiT da amas rogor

gabedavdnen, Tu marTla akrZaluli hqondaT warmarTTa Soris qadageba?..~57

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa mociqulTa TiTqmis Tanamedrove, II saukunis

mecnieris, origenis azri, rom andria pirvelwodebulma iqadaga skviTeTSi.

saqme is aris, rom Zveli avtorebi `skviTeTs~ vrcel qveyanas uwodebdnen,

romelSic zogjer iberiasa da kolxeTsac aTavsebdnen, ris Sesaxebac ufro

dawvrilebiT vwerT Semdgom TavSi. origenis azri andrias skviTeTSi qad-

agebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba ise gavigoT, rom andriam saqarTvelosa da mis

mimdebare qveynebSi iqadaga. maSin origenisa da Cveni matianeebis gadmoce-

mani erTmaneTs Tanxvdebian. origenis garda mociqul andrias qadagebas

saqarTvelosa da mosazRvre qveynebSi ixseniebdnen ipolite da doroTe

tYreli episkoposi, sofroni~.58

aderkis mefobis wlebis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi gamoTqves

s. kakabaZem, s. gorgaZem, p. ingoroyvam da sxvebma. `rogorc viciT, 67 wels

ajanyebuli iudeis winaaRmdeg gagzavnil iqna vespasiane flaviosi, 68 wels,

neronis sikvdilis Semdeg vespasianes imperatorad gamocxadebis Sedegad,

romaelTa jars saTaveSi tite flaviosi Caudga da 70 wels ierusalimi

daangria. Tu aderki marTla 57 wels gardaicvala, maSin araviTar qro-

nologiur Seusabamobas ar unda warmoadgendes 70 wlis maxlobel xanaSi

mis memkvidreTa mefoba. magram am SemTxvevaSi naratiul wyaros Cvenebas

win udgas iseTi epigrafiuli Zegli, rogoricaa mcxeTis cnobili berZnuli

warwera... romelsac Cveulebriv aTariReben 75 wliT. igi gvamcnobs, rom

samive flaviosma keisarma (vespasianem, titem da domicianem), `... iberTa

mefes miTridates, mefe farsmanisa da iamasaspois Zes, keisris megobarsa da

romaelTa moyvaruls da xalxs es kedlebi ganumtkiceso~... g. meliqiSvilis

mixedviT, dion kasiosis miTridates mama igive aderkia, romelsac ̀ qarTlis

cxovreba~ meaTe mefed asaxelebs. g. meliqiSvilis mier aRdgenili anti-

kuri xanis iberiis mefeTa qronologiur nusxaSi meaTe mefe ki ase gam-

oiyureba: `10. miTridate (`aderok, aderni) _ Cveni eris I saukunis dasawy-

isi, 30-iani wlebis Suamde~.59

macxovari Cveni ieso qriste, RvTismetyvelTa Tanaxmad, amaRlda 30 wlis

18 maiss, xuTSabaTs. amaRlebis win man akurTxa mociqulebi, raTa maT mTel

msoflioSi eqadagnaT.60 meaTe dRes, suliwmidis mofenis Semdeg, mociqulebma

iwyes gamgzavreba mTel msoflioSi. andria ki gamoemarTa saqarTveloSi,


sadac am dros mefobda aderki (g. meliqiSvilis Tanaxmad, daaxloebiT 35

wlis CaTvliT). maSasadame, andria mociquli saqarTveloSi mosula 30-35

wlebSi, amave dros mas mouqcevia samxreT da dasavleT saqarTvelos mcx-

ovrebni _ megrelebi da klarjni, riTac mefe aderkis mrisxaneba gamouwve-

via. andria mociquli am pirveli mogzaurobis garda sxva drosac Camosu-

la saqarTveloSi, axla ukve sxva mociqulebTan erTad. am dros mefe

aderki cocxali aRar yofila. maSasadame, andria mociqulis saqarTveloSi

pirveli mogzauroba SeiZleba 30-35 wlebiT daTariRdes.

rogorc ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ teqstidan Cans, safiqrebelia, rom pirveli

mogzaurobis dros andriam mxolod samxreTi saqarTvelo moiara, romlis

mcxovreblebsac mematiane TiTqosda ̀ megrelebs~ uwodebs, xolo maT erisTavs

_ klarjeTis erisTavs. aseTi ram ucnaurad ar mogveCveneba, Tu gavixsenebT,

rom tao-klarjeTs I saukunisTvis n. mari ̀ megrul-lazuri tomebiT~ dasax-

lebul qveynad miiCnevda. Tu es asea, maSin wmida andrias saqarTveloSi

mimosvlis teqsti Zvelad dawerili aRmoCndeba.

saqarTveloSi mesame mogzaurobis dros andria mociquls Tan Camouyvania

sxva mociqulebi _ simon kananeli da mociquli mataTia. amis Sesaxeb wers

epifane konstantinopoleli (VIII s.), romelic iyenebda Zvel wyaroebs. epi-

fane konstantinopolelis Tanaxmad, mociquli simon kananeli dakrZalulia

nikofsiaSi, rac eTanxmeba ̀ qarTlis cxovrebasa~ da Zvel qarTul tradicias.

epifane kviprelis (IV s.) Tanaxmad ki, saqarTveloSi meore mociqulicaa

dakrZaluli _ mociquli mataTa anu mataTia, romelic mociqulad arCeul

iqna nacvlad gamcemel iuda iskariotelisa. `mataTiam... iqadaga saxareba

meore eTiopiaSi (kolxeTSi), sadac aris afsaris cixe-simagre da hvisis

navsadguri. ... iqve gardaicvala da damarxulia dRemde~.61

maSasadame, mociquli mataTia dakrZalulia cixe-simagre afsarSi. sad

mdebareobda da ras warmoadgenda afsari mociqulTa dros?^

`afsarSi, rogorc Cans, romaelTa yvelaze didi garnizoni idga, xuTi

kohorta. romaelTa samxedro Zalis aseTi koncentracia aq, SeiZleba, gamowveu-

li iyo iberiasTan daWimuli urTierTobiT. iberias am dros ekava afsaris

samxreTiT mdebare sanapiro. saerTod, afsari romaul xanaSi didi centri

iyo. VI s-is avtoris, prokofi bizantielis cnobiT, mis dros igi nangreve-

bad iyo qceuli. magram adre es iyo xalxmravali qalaqi, didi galavniT

Semovlebuli, iyo aq Teatri, hipodromi da mravali sxva ram. arianem aq

jamagiri dauriga mebrZolebs, daaTvaliera TavdacviTi nagebobebi _ gala-

vani, Txrili, gasinja iaraRi, moinaxula avadmyofebi da Seamowma sursaTis

(puris) momaragebis mdgomareoba. gonioSi axlac miwis zemoT Cans anti-

kuri xanis simagris naSTebi. amas winaT aq Catarda mcire masStabis ar-

qeologiuri gaTxrebic, romelmac antikuri xanis didebul nagebobaTa naS-

Tebi da didZali antikuri keramika gamoavlina~.62


vin cxovrobda afsarSi (gonioSi), sadac qadagebda mociquli mataTia da

sadac daikrZala is? afsaris mimdebare zRvis sanapiro dasaxlebuli yofi-

la qarTvelebiT, kerZod, Zidritebis tomiT. ̀ sanapiroze cxovrobdnen (iberi-

is mefis) farsman II-is qveSevrdomni Zidritebi. anonimis mixedviT, maT ekavaT

teritoria md. arxabes (araxve-su) da afsaris (Woroxis) SesarTavebs Soris~.63

I saukunis dasawyisSi pliniusi `...axsenebs ra cixe afsars, igi dasZens,

rom am adgilebSi `mTebs iqiT~ aris iberia...~64

dRevandel saqarTveloSi dakrZaluli ori mociqulidan simon kananel-

is saflavi amJamadac axal aTonSia, xolo mociquli mataTia dakrZalulia

gonios cixe-simagreSi, baTumTan axlos. am mociqulebis saqarTveloSi dakrZa-

lvis Sesaxeb (nikofsiasa da afsarSi) werdnen IV-VIII saukuneTa istoriko-

sebi, romlebic kidev ufro Zvel wyaroebs iyenebdnen.

Zveli istorikosebi zRvis sanapiroze asaxeleben punqtebs, sadac uqadagniaT

mociqulebs _ kerZod, faziss, sebastopoliss da afsars. am qalaqebSi Semdgom

romauli garnizonebi Camdgaran _ `romaul cixe-simagred gadaiqca agreTve

qalaqi fazisi, flavius arianes 131 wlis sainspeqcio mogzaurobis dros

romauli garnizonebi idgnen dioskuriaSi, fazissa da afsarSi, romelic md.

Woroxis SesarTavTan, dRevandel gonios adgilze imyofeboda.65

`kvipreli episkoposis epifanes sityviT, man icoda gadmocemidan, rom

netarma mociqulma andriam iqadaga did sebastopolisSi, sadac aris afsa-

ris cixe-simagre da hvisis navsadguri da mdinare fasisi, sadac mosaxle-

obdnen iberielni, susanelni, fustelni da alanni~.66

maSasadame, IV saukunis avtori epifane kvipreli wers, rom didi sebas-

topolisi, mdinare fazisis xeoba da afsaris teritoria dasaxlebulia

iberebiT, anu qarTvelebiT.

epifanes cnobiT, andria mociquli pirveli mogzaurobis dros `mivida

trapezuntSi, lazikis qalaqSi (efTvime mTawmidelis qarTuli versiiT:

`miiwia... qalaqad trapezuntad, romeli igi Sen ars sofelsa megrelTasa~),

aqedan is wavida iberiaSi. mas Semdeg, rac man zRvispiris mcxovrebni

mravalni gananaTlna, is Cavida ierusalimSi~. meore mogzaurobis dros, ha-

giografis cnobiT, andria isev `moiwia qalaqsa trapezunts~. mesame mogzau-

robis dros _ gadmogvcems hagiografi, _ andria da misni TanamoRvaweni

mataTa da simon kananeli mowafeebiTurT `Cavidnen iberiaSi da fasisSi~.67

mociqulebis mimosvlasTan dakavSirebiT xSirad gvxvdeba sami punqti _

trapezunti, afsari da nafsaAs navsadguri.

p. ingoroyva wers: ̀ dasaxelebuli sami punqti dasavleT saqarTvelosi, _

trapezunti _ samxreT mxaridan, afsari _ Sua mxaridan da nafsaAs navTsad-

guri (nikofsia) CrdiloeTi mxaridan _ niSandobliv amorCeuli aqvs ioane

sabanis Zes, kerZod, imis gamo, rom swored am punqtebTan iyo dakavSirebuli

gadmocemebi qristianobis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb dasavleT saqarTveloSi TviT


mociqulTa mier. samxreTiT mdebare trapezunti aris is punqti, sadac gadmo-

cemiT, iqadaga andria mociqulma da saidanac igi Semovida saqarTveloSi,

Sua mxareSi mdebare afsari aris is punqti, sadac gadmocemiT, dasaflavebu-

li iyo andrias TanamoRvawe mociquli mataTa, CrdiloeT mxareSi mdebare

nafsaAs navsadguri (nikofsia) aris punqti, sadac gadmocemiT dasaflavebu-

li iyo andrias meore TanamoRvawe, mociquli simon kananeli~.68

garda andria mociqulisa, simon kananelisa da mataTia mociqulisa,

saqarTveloSi sxva mociqulebsac umoRvawiaT. kerZod, efrem mcire, romel-

mac sagangebod daCxrika mis dros arsebuli yvela berZnuli wyaro qarTu-

li eklesiis istoriasTan dakavSirebiT, am wyaroebze dayrdnobiT werda,

rom saqarTveloSi saxareba iqadaga mociqulma barTlomem.

cnobebi mociqul barTlomes saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, Cans,

laTinur wyaroebSic yofila mocemuli, radganac amis Sesaxeb arqanjelo

lambertic werda.

`arqanjelo lamberti im azrs icavs, rom kolxeTsa da iberiaSi qris-

tianoba wm. andriam da wm. barTlomem gaavrceles. `darwmunebuli unda

viyoT, _ wers arqanjelo lamberti _ rom ori mociqulis qadagebiT

dainerga sarwmunoeba am qveyanaSi (e.i. saqarTveloSi), magram SemdgomSi

mRvdlebis uyoliobis Tu sxva mizezis gamo am mxareebs didi xnis ganmav-

lobaSi moakldaT sarwmunoeba~.69

a. lamberti werda: `qarTlSi, samcxis provinciaSi aris erTi eklesia,

romelic miZRvnilia wm. barTlomesadmi. am ukanasknelma, xalxuri gadmoce-

mis Tanaxmad, Tavisi qadagebiT am mxareSi qristianoba gaavrcela, am saepisko-

poso eklesiis episkoposs iSxnels uwodebdnen~.70

barTlomes garda saqarTveloSi Toma mociqulsac umoRvawnia, rusul wyaroSi

daculi cnobis Tanaxmad. es ar mogveCveneba gasakvirad, Tu gavixsenebT, rom

mociqulma Tomam iqadaga siriaSi, sparseTsa da indoeTSi. mociqulTa epoqa-

Si iberia iyo sparseTis (parTiis) uSualo mosazRvre qveyana, romelic

ebrZoda parTias da zogjer amarcxebda kidec. mociqulTa dros, 30-ian

wlebSi, parTiis mefe taxtze iberielTa jarma dasva: `35 wels parTiaSi

mefis winaaRmdeg ajanyeba moxda. ajanyebul parTel didebulTa TxovniT

tiberiusma parTiaSi gasamefeblad gagzavna parTiis samefo sagvareulos

wevri tiridati. misi gamefeba unda momxdariyo iberTa meoxebiT~.71

XVI saukunis slavuri wyaro qarTul eklesias miiCnevs Toma mociqulis

mier daarsebulad. aq CamoTvlilia samociqulo saydrebi, kerZod, ̀ adgili

wmida mociqul Tomasi aris iveriis saydari~.72

`mociqul petres ki kapadokiaSi, qarTvelTa Soris umoRvawnia~.73 marTlac,

arsebobs azri, romlis Tanaxmadac mcire azia saerTod da gansakuTrebiT ki

kapadokia qarTvelebiT iyo dasaxlebuli. maT mociqulTa epoqaSi jer kidev

SenarCunebuli hqondaT vinaoba da qarTuli ena. mcire aziaSi mravali


mociquli qadagebda, maT Soris petre, pavle, ioane. cxadia, isini berZnebTan

erTad qarTvelebsac moaqcevdnen da monaTlavdnen, radganac swored qarTvele-

bi da qarTveluri tomebi iyo maT dros mcire aziis ZiriTadi mosaxleoba.

unda davaskvnaT, rom qarTvelTa Soris qristianoba mociqulebma gaavr-

celes. rogorc ukve iTqva, saqarTveloSi ramdenime mociqulma iqadaga.

ori mociquli saqarTveloSive ganisvenebs, kerZod, simon kananeli da mata-

Ta. qarTuli eklesia daamyara wm. mociqulma andriam, radganac man xeli

daasxa saqarTvelos pirvel episkoposs awyurSi da dauarsa mas saepiskoposo

kaTedra,74…romelSic mRvdlebi da diakvnebi hyavda.

mociqul andrias mier daarsebuli qarTuli qristianuli mrevli, romelsac

Tavisi eklesia (saepiskoposo) hqonda, ucxoeTis romeli eklesiis iurisdiq-

ciaSi Sedioda?

mociqulebis mier daarsebuli yvela eklesia, sadac ar unda yofiliyo is,

avtokefaluri iyo. qarTuli eklesiac I saukuneSi, saerTo wesis Tanaxmad,

avtokefaluri iqneboda. marTlac, vis unda damorCileboda es eklesia? ieru-

salimi, saidanac qarTul matianeTa Tanaxmad, mociquli andria movida, 70

wlisaTvis ukve dangreuli iyo da iq qristianuli Temic ki aRar arsebobda.

qristianobis centrebSic (romsa da antioqiaSi) qristianoba idevneboda.

Tumca, aseT Ziebas azri ara aqvs, radganac yvela eklesia, yvela qristian-

uli Temi im epoqaSi erTmaneTis mimarT damoukidebeli, avtokefaluri iyo

da isini mxolod mociqulebis avtoritets aRiarebdnen. amitomac, qarTuli

eklesia daarsebis droisTvis avtokefaluri iyo.

wmida andrias mimosvla saqarTveloSi

`qarTlis cxovreba~75 gadmogvcems andria mociqulis Sesaxeb: ̀ amaRlebis

Semdgom mociqulebma wili igdes, Tu vis romel qveyanaSi unda eqadagna,

maSin wmida RvTismSobels wilad xvda saqarTvelos moqceva, mas eCvena Ze

misi, ufali Cveni ieso qriste da uTxra: ̀ hoi, dedao, Cemo, me ar ugulebel-

vyof yvela xalxze ufro sazepuro qarTvel ers Seni meoxebiT, xolo Sen

Sens xvedrebul saqarTveloSi waravline andria pirvelwodebuli, Tan

waratane Seni xati, romelic Sens pirze dadebiT gamoisaxeba. Sens wilad

is xati mkvidrobdes iq, maT mcvelad ukunisamde.~

maSin yovladwmida RvTismSobelma uTxra andria mociquls: `Svilo an-

dria, didad uCans Cems suls, rom Cems wil qveyanaSi _ saqarTveloSi

aravis uqadagnia Cemi Zis saxeli. roca me saqadageblad gavemarTe Cems

wilxvedr qveyanaSi, maSin gamomecxada saxieri Ze Cemi da RmerTi da mibr-

Zana, rom Sen waxvide da Tan warasveno saxe Cemi da Cemi Zisa, raTa me viyo

qarTvelTa cxovrebis ganmgebeli, xeli aRvupyra da Sevewio maT, da aravin

mterTagan mZle eqmnas maT~.


yovladwmidam moiTxova fi-

cari, daido saxeze da gamois-

axa xati RvTismSoblisa, rom-

lis wiaRSic gamoxatuli iyo

ganxorcielebuli Cvili —

yrma ieso — sityva RvTisa. es

xati amJamadac awyuris taZar-

Sia. misca is mociqul andrias

da uTxra — `madli da Sewev-

na Cemgan Sobilisa uflisa Ta-

naSemwe geyavn Sen, sadaca xY-

dode, da meca TanaSemwe var

qadagebasa magas, da didad

Sevewio `Cemda xuedrebuls~.

andria mociquli pirvelad

qalaq trapizonSi movida, ro-

melic megrelTa qveyanaSia, aq

mcire Jami dahyo, aqedan Sevi-

da qarTlis qveyanaSi, romel-

sac didaWara ewodeba. daiwyo

saxarebis qadageba. mravali

Wiri da gansacdeli moiTmina urwmunoebisgan. RvTisa da wmida xatis Sew-

evniT yovelive madlobiT moiTmina, sanam yvela ar moaqcia da morwmuned

gaxada. im adgilas, sadac yovladwmidas xati daasvena, gamoCqefa friad

didma da mSvenierma wyarom, romelic dResac Seuwyvetlad amodis. Semoikrib-

nen mis garSemo im qveynis mkvidrni da naTeli sca yvelas saxeliTa

mamisaTa da ZisaTa da sulisa wmidisaTa.

daudgina iqaur qarTvelebs mRvdlebi da diakvnebi. daudo wesi da sazR-

vari sarwmunoebisa. maT aaSenes RvTismSoblis saxelze eklesia. am ekle-

siaSi mociqulma daasvena RvTismSoblis xatis piri, romelic dRemde iqvea.

wamovida andria mociquli, gadmovlo mTa, romelsac rkinis jvari ewode-

ba. Tqmulia, rom is jvari TviT netar andrias mier aris aRmarTuli.

mociqulma Caiara oZraxis xevi, mivida samcxis sazRvarTan da daivana

sofel zaden-goraSi. aq kerpTayvanismcemlebi cxovrobdnen. iloca xatis

mimarT da kerpebi daemxnen. wmida mociquli gaemarTa da mivida sofel

awyverSi, romelsac pirvelad sosangeTi ewodeboda, xolo mis pirdapir

mdebare adgils — saqrisi.

maSin mTavari iyo erTi qvrivi dedakaci — samZivari, romelsac erTad-

erTi vaJi, misi imedi, imJamad mokvdomoda. idga tirili, vaeba da glova.

im Rames cixidan ixiles didi naTeli RvTismSoblis xatisa. gamTeniis


Jams andrias miugzavnes kaci vinaobis gasagebad. misi pasuxi auwyes mTa-

vars — qvriv dedakacs: `arian ucxo kacebi, qadageben CvenTvis ucnob

RmerTs qveynis Semoqmedad, dambadeblad, adamianTaTvis sicocxlis mimniWe-

blad da mkvdarTa aRmdgenelad. hyavT maT mSvenieri xati, romelsac pativs

scemen~. roca qvrivs moesma sityva mkvdarTa aRdgomis Sesaxeb, gaukvirda

da mcired nugeSi mieca. mouxmo mociquls da gamohkiTxa. miugo wmida

mociqulma — ̀ movedi wmida qalaq ierusalimidan, sadac ufals fexi daud-

gams — golgoTasa da caTa msgavs beTlemidan, var mociquli uflisa

Cvenisa ieso qristesi, romelic wamisyofiT aRadgens mkvdrebs. mas vqadageb

RmerTad, uflad da yoveli dabadebulis mpyrobelad, vinc irwmunebs mas da

naTels iRebs saxeliTa mamisaTa da ZisaTa da sulisa wmidisaTa, yovelive,

rasac iTxovs sarwmunoebiT, miecema mas da yoveli senisgan ganikurneba~.

es rom moesma dedakacs, davarda miwaze da cremliT uTxra mociquls.

`Seiwyale Cemi siqvrive da ubedureba, radganac emsaxurebi mkvdrebis aR-

madgenels, iloce Seni RmerTis mimarT da mianiWe Cems Svils sicocxle.

yovelives, rasac mibrZaneb, Segismen da urCobas ar gagiwev, Tu Cems vaJs

cocxals vixilav, rameTu mxolod es myavs da sxva ara~.

wmida mociqulma miugo: ̀ Tu irwmuneb ieso qristes, Zes RmrTisas, WeSmar-

it RmerTs, romelic Cvens mier iqadageba, rac ar unda iTxovo sarwmunoebiT,

yovelive mogecema mis mier~.

dedakaci amis mosmenam sixaruliT aRavso da cremliT uTxra mociquls:

`hoi, WeSmarito RvTismsaxuro, WeSmaritad mwams da vaRiareb ieso qristes,

romelsac Sen qadageb, Seewie urwmunoebasa Cemsa~.

mociqulma iqidan gaayvanina xalxi da mgosnebi da aravin datova qvriv-

isa da Tavisi kacebis garda, aiRo yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xati, daasvena

sawolze, sadac yrma ido. daiwyo locva da vedreba RvTis mimarT xelapy-

robiT. locvis Semdeg mokida xeli yrmas, rogorc Zilisgan, ise wamoayena

da misca dedamiss. roca sxvebma naxes es saswauli, Zalian gaukvirdaT.

roca dedakacma ixila Tavisi gacocxlebuli vaJi, sixaruliT wamodga,

davarda mociqulis fexebTan, cremliT Tayvani sca da madli Seswira. iwama

ufali ieso qriste, moinaTla es dedakaci Tavis vaJTan da Tavis saxleul-

Tan erTad. saswrafod miswera samcxis mTavrebs: ̀ me, qvrivi, gaxarebT Tqven

did sixaruls mTeli xalxisa: movida CvenTan erTi kaci ucxo qveynidan,

romelic ucxo RmerTs qadagebs, da hyavs mas xati zecisa, romelmac Cemi

mkvdari vaJi gaacocxla. swrafad modiT, raTa wesi da rjuli avirCioT da

vcnoT, Tu romelia umjobesi~.

roca mesxebma es sakvirveli ambavi ismines, swrafad Seikribnen yoveli

kuTxidan da Seiqmna friad didi simravle xalxisa ise, rom aivso saqrisis

veli, gaukvirda yvelas, roca ixiles qvrivis mkvdreTiT aRdgomili Ze.


qalaqSi iyo sakerpo bomoni, romelSic emsaxurebodnen bilw kerpebs, ar-

temidasa da apolons. am saqmis mnaxveli sicruis mRvdlebi (qurumebi kerpe-

bisa) aRivsnen SuriT da winaaRmdegoba gauwies mociquls. RvTismSoblis

xatis saswauliT, RvTis nebiT, dailewa kerpebi. kerpTa mRvdlebi sircxviliT

aRivsnen da Sendoba iTxoves mociqulisgan. mTelma xalxma madlobis xma

aRmouteva da Tqves. `didia qristianTa RmerTi, romelsac mociquli andria

qadagebs~. da yvelam irwmuna Cveni ufali ieso qriste da sixaruliT moin-

aTlnen yvelani saxeliTa mamisaTa da ZisaTa da wmidisa sulisaTa.

mociqulma aswavla maT yoveli wesi rjulisa da sarwmunoebisa. daudg-

ina episkoposi, mRvdlebi da diakvnebi. didi Txovnis Semdeg dautova mesx-

ebs yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xati, romelic daasvenes awyveris mcire

ekvderSi, romelsac axla Zveli eklesia ewodeba.

mociquli andria gaemarTa saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi saqadageblad.

aderki mefem roca gaigo megrelebisgan rjulis datoveba, gauwyra maT,

gagzavna iq Tavisi erisTavebi da iZulebiT kvlav warmarTobas daubruna

megrelebi. damales xatebi da jvrebi. Serisxa aderki mefem klarjeTis

erisTavi andria mociqulis mSvidobiT gantevebisaTvis.

andria mociqulma moiara saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxe, qadagebiT Cavi-

da taoSi, mdinare Woroxamde, movlo am mxaris yoveli kuTxe. aqedan isini

gaemgzavrnen Sida saqarTveloSi da miaRwies svaneTs.

svaneTSi mTavrad ijda dedakaci, romelmac irwmuna mociqulTa qadageba.

mociquli mataTa sxva mowafeebTan erTad darCa am mxareSi. xolo andria

mociquli simon kananelTan erTad gaemgzavra oseTSi, mividnen qalaq fos-

taforSi, sadac saswauli hqmnes da mravali moaqcies da gananaTles. aqedan

isini Sevidnen afxazeTSi da sebastopolSi mividnen, romelsac cxumi ewodeba.

iqadages RvTis sityva da mravali moaqcies. aq netarma andriam datova

simon kananeli sxva mowafeebTan erTad da Tavad jiqeTSi mivida, aq misi ar

Seismines, datova es mxare da wavida.

xolo simon kananelis saflavi aris nikofs qalaqSi, romelic aris

afxazeTsa da jiqeTs Soris, radganac iq aResrula simon kananeli~.76

iberiasa da kavkasias skviTeTisnawiladac miiCnevdnen

sayovelTaod miRebulia gadmocema wmida andria mociqulis skviTeTSi

qadagebis Sesaxeb. axali aRTqmis yvela mniSvnelovani gadmocemis sqo-

lioebSi naCvenebia, rom wmida andriam iqadaga mcire aziaSi, saberZneTsa da

skviTeTSi. eWvmiutaneli faqtia, rom swored iberiasa da mis momijnave

qveynebs uwodebdnen xSirad skviTeTs pirveli aTaswleulis naxevarSi.

`skviTebi ewodebodaT pontospireTis tomebsac (romlebSic Sedian: biZere-


bi, beqirebi, makronebi, filirebi, mosinikebi, tibarenebi, xalibebi, paflatonebi,

mariandinebi, biTvinebi). amis mixedviT iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom ̀ skviTebi~

krebiTi mcnebaa da ara konkretuli tomis an tomebis saxeli~.,77 amis

Sesaxeb weren Zveli avtorebi, magaliTad, plutarqosi:78 `fasisi skviTeTis

mdinarea, igi qalaqs (e.i. q. fasiss) Camoudis~ (`fasisi~ dasavleT saqarTve-

los mdinare rionia, qalaq foTTan gamdinare). dionisos periegeti: ̀ skviTi-

is rCeuli tomebia: biZerebi, makronebi, mosinikebi, tibarenebi, xalibebi~ (es

is qarTuli tomebia, romelTa qveynebSic, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad,

moRvaweobda wmida andria mociquli).

stefane bizantieli: `skviTuri tomebi arian afsilebi, sanigebi, lazebi~

(es is qarTuli tomebia, romlebTanac andria mociquli, ̀ qarTlis cxovreb-

is~ Tanaxmad, misula mesxeTSi qadagebis Semdeg — dasavleT saqarTveloSi,

afxazeTsa da svaneTSi).

cece: `kolxebs, romelTac lazebs eZaxian... azieli skviTebica da lev-

kosirebic hqviaT, isini cxovroben aziis im nawilSi, romelic mdinare

fasisTanaa... iosipios ebraeli ambobs, rom alanebic skviTuri tomiao~ (`qarT-

lis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, andria mociquli dasavleT saqarTvelodan gada-

vida oseTSi, anu alanTa qveyanaSi).

mecnierebi askvnian: ̀ skviTia~ sqoliastebisaTvis did teritorias moicavda

Savi da kaspiis zRvebis midamoebSi~.79

kavkasionis mTebsac skviTeTis mTebs uwodebdnen. magaliTad, berZeni poe-

tis Teokrites (300-260) erT nawarmoebSi naxseneb kavkasiis mTebs sqolias-

ti ganmartavs rogorc `skviTiis mTebs~.80 aseve wers fsevdoplutarqosi (II

s.) — `fazisi skviTiis mdinarea~.81

libaniosi (314-393) Tavis `progimnasmataSi~ kolxTa qveyanas uwodebs

`skviTTa qveyanas~, aiets ̀ skviTTa mefes~, xolo medeas ̀ skviTTa mefis asuls~.82

`am droisaTvis Savi da kaspiis zRvis midamoebis mcxovrebi tomebi

(skviTuri da araskviTuri) zogadad skviTurad cxaddeba xolme~.83

ase rom, vrceli teritoria kavkasiis mTianeTisa, kaspiisa da Sav zRvas

Soris moqceuli saqarTvelo anu iberia, mezobel xalxebTan erTad, skviTeTad

da skviTebad arian wodebulni, ara marto mociqulTa moRvaweobis epoqaSi,

aramed mociqulTa Sesaxeb gadmocemebis Caweris drosac, III-IV saukuneebSi.

roca Zveli istorikosebi weren andria mociqulis mier skviTeTSi qadage-

bis Sesaxeb, aq pirvel rigSi igulisxmeba iberia da misi uSualo mezobeli

tomebi, xolo Semdeg SeiZleba igulisxmebodes alanebi da mis CrdiloeTiT

mcxovrebi sarmatebi.

amitomac, roca evsebi kesarieli (260-340) wers, wmida andrias skviTeTi

xvda wilado, is gulisxmobs iberia-kavkasiasa da mis xalxebs: `...Tomas,

rogorc gadmocema gviambobs, parTia xvda wilad, andrias skviTia, ioanes

asia, xolo petre, rogorc Cans, uqadagebda pontoSi...~84


`qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ daculi cnobebi iberiaSi wmida andrias moR-

vaweobis Sesaxeb zustad emTxveva Zvel istorikosTa cnobebs skviTuri

tomebis Sesaxeb, amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnobebi

raRac uZveles wyaros eyrdnoba.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, wmida andria pirvelad movida iberiis

sazRvarTan qalaq trapizonSi (pontos diocezi). trapizonis mimdebare

qveyana dasaxlebuli yofila qarTveli tomiT, ̀ megrelebiT~, romelsac berZeni

istorikosebi `makronebs~ uwodebdnen da skviTebad miiCnevdnen. aqedan

wmida andria Sevida iberiaSi. ̀ queyanasa qarTlisasa, romelsac didi aWara

ewodebis~. berZen da laTin istorikosTa Tanaxmad, es qveyana I saukuneSi

farsman mefis dros iberiis saxelmwifoSi Sedioda da iberTa erT-erTi

tomiT ZidritebiT iyo dasaxlebuli (amaTac skviTebs uwodebdnen). aq ekle-

siuri qristianuli Temi dauarsebia wmida andrias: `daadginna mRvdelni

da diakonni~. amis Semdeg andria mociquli gadadis iberiis sxva kuTxeSi

_ mesxeTSi, romelic kolxeTTan axlos aris da somxeTs esazRvreba. aq

wmida andriam moaqcia am mxaris mmarTveli qali, romelsac gaucocxla

mkvdari Svili. mTavarma qalma da misma xalxma aRiara qristianoba. es

cnoba yovelmxriv eTanxmeba VIII saukunis avtoris epifane konstantino-

polelis cnobas, romelic, Tavis mxriv, iyenebda epifane kviprels (IV s.).

epifane konstantinopoleli wers: mociqulebi `Cavidnen iberiaSi, xolo

ramdenime dRis Semdeg sosaniaSi (`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, `sosani-

geTSi~), am tomis mamakacebs mbrZaneblobdnen qalebi. advilad damyolia

qalis buneba, da isinic male damorCildnen~.85 aq igulisxmeba am kuTxis

mTavari qalisa da misi qveynis gaqristianeba, rasac `qarTlis cxovreba~

ufro dalagebiT mogviTxrobs. am ori wyaros monacemebi erTmaneTs emTxveva.

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalias uSualod exeba cnoba, daculi `qarTlis

cxovrebaSi~: andria mociqulma sosanigeTSi anu ̀ susaniaSi~, dRevandel awyur-

Si, daaarsa pirveli saepiskoposo iberiis samefoisa da daadgina sosanigeTis

(awyuris) pirveli episkoposi _ `daudgina episkoposi, mRvdelni da diakon-

ni...~86 amis Semdeg mociquli gadadis dasavleT saqarTveloSi, Sedis afxazeT-

sa da oseTSi (alaniaSi). yvela am qveyanas `skviTeTs~ uwodebdnen zogadad.

epifane konstantinopoleli, romelic iyenebda Zvel wyaroebs (klimenti

romaelis, epifane kviprelis da evagre sicilielis teqstebs), Tavis `an-

dria mociqulis cxovrebaSi~ wers: `xolo epifane kvipreli ambobs _

gadmocemis mixedviT _ rom netarma mociqulma andriam damoZRvra skviTebi,

sogdianebi da morsinebi did sebastopolisSi, sadac aris afsarosis banaki

da navsadguri isosi da mdinare fasisi. iq cxovroben iberebi da susebi da

fustebi da alanebi~; `xolo andria wamovida asiisagan da movida trape-

zuntSi, lazikis qalaqSi... iqidan wamovida da SeCerda iberiaSi, mas Semdeg,

rac man zRvis piras mcxovrebni mravalni gananaTlna, is Cavida ierusalim-


Si~; xolo danarCenma mociqulebma moiares qalaqebi, iqadages da saswaule-

bi moaxdines da Cavidnen iberiaSi da fasisSi...~87

mesame mogzaurobis dros, gadmogvcems istorikosi, andria da misi Tan-

amoRvaweni _ mataTia da simon kananeli mowafeebiTurT Cavidnen iberiaSi

da fasisSi: `ars jiqeTs nikofsiaSi saflavi, romelsac aqvs warwera simon

kananelisa~.88 xolo IV saukunis istorikosi epifane kvipreli werda _

`mataTiam... iqadaga saxareba meore eTiopiaSi (kolxeTSi), sadac aris afsa-

ris cixe _ da hYsis navsadguri... iqve gardaicvala da damarxulia dRem-

de~.89 ase rom, rogorc zemoTac iTqva, IV-VIII saukuneTa istorikosebis

Tanaxmad, mociqulebma araTu iqadages saqarTveloSi, aramed ori mociquli

_ simon kananeli da mataTia mociquli iberiaSi, saqarTveloSive ganis-

veneben.

amaT garda, saqarTveloSi uqadagniaT mociqulebs barTlomes, Tomasa da

Tadeozs. amis Sesaxeb arsebobs sxvadasxva drois istorikosTa cnobebi.

mociqulTa mier daarsebuli pirveliavtokefaluri eklesiebi

wina TavSi aRniSnuli gvqonda, rom saqarTveloSi uqadagniaT mociqulebs

andrias, svimon kananels, mataTias, Tomas, barTlomesa da Tadeozs. qarTuli

evlesiis mRvdelmTavrebi didi Camolocvis, puris kurTxevisa an sxva

locvis dros valdebulni iyvnen da arian moixsenion andria pirvelwode-

buli, svimon kananeli, barTlome da Tadeozi. teqstis nawili aseTi saxisaa:

`...wmidaTa didebulTa da yovladqebulTa mociqulTa andria pirvelwode-

bulisa da svimon kananelisaTa, Tadeozisa da barTlomesiTa~... es imas

niSnavs, rom saukuneTa manZilze qarTuli oficialuri eklesia aRiarebda,

rom saqarTvelos ganmanaTleblebi arian locvis dros moxseniebuli es

mociqulebi.

saqarTvelo II-III saukuneebSic samisionero asparezi yofila (laTin is-

torikosTa cnobebiT) da msoflio qristianuli centrebi yuradRebas ar

aklebdnen mas. erTi cnoba aseTia: `iberiis im nawilma, romelic pontos

zRvasTan mdebareobs da kolxidad iwodeba, saxareba jer kidev imperator

traianes dros mqadagebeli papis wmida klimentis SemweobiT miiRo. wmida

klimenti im mxareSi iyo gadasaxlebuli~.90

irineosi ki Tvlida, rom qarTvelebma (iberebma), romlebic iwodebian

kolxebad (geografiuli adgilis mixedviT), qristianoba jer kidev romis

imperator traianemde (98-117) miiRes. imave cnobiT, im qarTvelebma, rom-

lebic kaspiis zRvisaken kavkasiis mTebTan cxovroben (igulisxmeba aRmo-

savleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba), qristianuli sarwmunoeba ufro gvian

miiRes. es cnoba savsebiT eTanxmeba `qarTlis cxovrebas~, romlis monace-


mebiTac qarTvelTagan qristianoba pirvelebma miiRes megrelebma (kolxeb-

ma) da klarjebma (samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba).

wmida iustine 150 wlis maxloblad amtkicebda, rom ar arsebobs dedami-

waze iseTi kuTxe, TviT barbaros xalxTa Sorisac ki, sadac xalxi jvarcmu-

li iesos saxels ar loculobdeso. aseTive azrs gamoTqvams irineosic.91

`jer kidev III saukuneSi qristianobis aRiarebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba

gamosca imperatorma galienma 261 wels. msgavsadve moiqca galienamde

TiTqmis naxevari saukuniT adre iberiis mefe rev marTali (gard. 213 wels).

am mefes hqonia qristes siyvaruli da mosmenili hqonia saxareba. amitomac

is yofila mowyale da Semwe yovelTa, Tumca warmarTadve darCenila. romSi

warmarTuli RvTaebisaTvis sisxliani msxverplis Sewirva mxolod mesame

saukunis imperatorebma akrZales. saqarTveloSi... SesaZlebeli gaxda misi

oficialurad akrZalva saxelmwifos masStabebiT. Zveli saistorio wyaro

am keTilSobilur saqciels rev marTals miawers~.92

iv. javaxiSvilis daskvniT, ̀ qristianobis istoria aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi

III saukunis damdegidan, an arada, Sua wlebidan mainc iwyeba~.93

VIII saukunis wyaro _ `abo Tbilelis wameba~ _ wers, rom qarTvelebi

qristianebi yofilan II-III saukuneebidan da maSasadame, VIII saukunis saqa-

rTveloSi qristianobas ukve 500 wlis istoria hqonia.

zemoT moyvanilidan Cven unda davaskvnaT, rom pirveli qarTuli eklesia

daaarses TviT mociqulebma da amis Semdeg is uwyvetad arsebobda. qristi-

anoba I-II saukuneebSi ar iqca iberiis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad, iseve rogorc

romis imperiaSi, radganac warmarTuli sarwmunoeba kvlav Zlieri iyo.

qarTuli eklesia samociquloa, mociqulTa mier daarsebuli, magram es

ar aZlevs mas, rogorc sxva samociqulo eklesiebs, raime upiratesobas

sxva adgilobriv eklesiebTan SedarebiT, radganac yvela arsebuli avtoke-

faluri eklesia, Tu ar warmoadgens pirdapir gagrZelebas im eklesiebisa,

romlebic mociqulebma daaarses, warmoadgens mociqulTa mier daarsebuli

eklesiebis totebs da yvelam Tavisi ufleba memkvidreobiT miiRo mo-

ciqulebisgan. amitomac yvela avtokefaluri eklesia Tanasworuflebiania

erTmaneTis mimarT imis miuxedavad, maT TavianTi avtokefalia mociqulebi-

sgan miiRes uSualod, Tu maT mier daarsebuli eklesiebis meSveobiT. mo-

ciqulebi ar yofdnen dedamiwas avtokefaluri eklesiebis mixedviT. av-

tokefaluri eklesiebi warmoiSvnen mociqulTa Semdegac. meore mxriv, mo-

ciqulTa mier daarsebuli eklesiebi kargavdnen avtokefalias an droebiT

(magaliTad, ierusalimis, aTenis), an samudamod. 18 eklesiidan, romelnic

CamoTvlilni arian, rogorc avtokefaluri eklesiebi mociqulTa dadgenile-

bebSi, mxolod 6-ma SeinarCuna TavisTavadoba, _ wers profesori troicki.

marTlmadidebeli eklesia, miuxedavad imisa, rom is dayofilia ramdenime

TavisTavad anu avtokefalur eklesiad, Seadgens erT wmida kaTolike da

samociqulo eklesias. erTiani eklesiis mowyobis aseTi saxe tradiciulia.


I-II saukuneebSi mociqulTa mier daarsebuli eklesiebi ar eqvemdebarebod-

nen miwier saerTo centrs da yovel eklesias Tavisi saepiskoposo mmarTveloba

hqonda. mTel dedamiwaze gabneulma mociqulebma erTmaneTisgan damoukide-

blad (magram mociqulTa erTobis saxeliT) daaarses eklesiebi. maTi

mmarTveloba gadasces episkoposebs, romlebic iseve damoukideblad mo-

qmedebdnen erTiani sayovelTao (krebiT, yovlismomcveli) eklesiis SigniT,

rogorc mociqulebi.

mociqulebs ekuTvnodaT miwieri eklesiis mTeli Zalaufleba da amito-

mac maT daaarses pirveli avtokefaluri eklesiebi,94 romlebic eTnikur-

teritoriuli principiT yofilan mowyobilni, rasac mociqulTa 34-e kano-

ni mowmobs. am kanonSi erovnul TavisTavad eklesiebze da `TiToeuli

naTesavis~ episkoposebzea saubari. 34-e kanoni am episkoposis Tanatomelebs

avaldebulebs `Tavad Seracxon episkoposi TYsi~ da misi nebarTvis gareSe

araferi gaakeTon. Tavis mxriv, episkoposic valdebulia araferi moimoqme-

dos maTTan (Tavis Tanatomel morwmuneebTan) SeTanxmebis gareSe, `rameTu

esreT erTneboba aResrulos da ididos RmerTi uflisa mier suliTa

wmidiTa~. arsebobs am kanonis komentari, romlis mixedviTac aq saubaria

ara erovnul-nacionalur eklesiebze, aramed im eTnikur olqebze, romleba-

dac iyo dayofili romis saxelmwifo diokletianes mier am saxelmwifos

provinciebad dayofamde. marTalia, qristes eklesiaSi ar aris arc elini,

arc iudeveli, arc barbarosi, arc skviTi, magram udidesi mniSvnelobis

faqtia is, rom mociqulebma eklesiis damaarseblis, ufal ieso qristes

nebiT Seiswavles swored sxvadasxva nacionalobaTa — maT Soris skviTTa

da barbarosTa enebi da daaarses maTi pirveli eklesiebi. am pirvel

eklesiebs Seexeba mociqulTa 34-e kanoni.

mociqulTa 34-e kanonidan Cans, rom: 1. sanam mTeli eklesia mociqulTa

swavlebis erTguli rCeboda, saerTo miwieri centri, romelsac daeqvemde-

barebodnen adgilobrivi eklesiebi, ar arsebobda da arc SeiZleboda arse-

buliyo. arc axal aRTqmaSi da arc mociqulTa kanonebSi ar arsebobs

mcireodeni miniSnebac ki amis Sesaxeb. 34-e kanoni ambobs, rom adgilobrivi

eklesiis yoveli saqme sabolood wydeba mis episkoposTa mier, maTi pirve-

li episkoposis meTaurobiT; 2. mociqulebma ara marto daaarses avtoke-

faluri eklesiebi, aramed maTi avtokefaliis dacvazec izrunes. miTiTebu-

li kanonidan Cans, rom yovelgvari saqme adgilobrivi eklesiisa wydeba

sxva eklesiis mxridan Carevis gareSe, TviT adgilobrivi eklesiis mier

pirveli episkoposis meTaurobiT.

amitomac III msoflio krebam daicva patara adgilobrivi kviprosis

eklesiis avtokefalia, roca antioqiis did eklesias surda misi daqvemde-

bareba. am krebam me-8 kanonSi es mcdeloba daaxasiaTa rogorc mociqulTa

kanonebis sawinaaRmdego, Tavisuflebis Semlaxveli qmedeba, rogorc sa-


zogado vneba, romelsac mkurnaloba esaWiroeba, raTa sxva vnebis mizezad

ar gadaiqces. krebam gansazRvra, rom kviprosis eklesias Zvel CveulebaTa

mixedviT TviTve daedgina Tavisi episkoposi. am msoflio krebis me-8 kanoni

exeboda ara marto kviprosis eklesias, aramed saerTod yvela adgilobriv

eklesias. am kanonis dacva yvelgan saWiro iyo. `igive iyos daculi sxva

olqebSi (ZvelqarTulad — ̀ samTavroebSi~) da yvela eparqiaSi (e. i. mitropo-

liebSi), rom aravin RvTismoSiS episkoposTagan ar gaavrcelos Tavisi xe-

lisufleba sxva eparqiaze, romelic manamde ar iyo mis xelqveiT, xolo

vinc ZaladobiT sxva eparqia daiqvemdebaros, gaaTavisuflos~.

arsebobda azri, rom avtokefaliis ufleba aqvT mxolod im eklesiebs,

romelnic mociqulebma daaarses, xolo zogierTi eklesiis avtokefalias

eWvis qveS ayenebdnen im mosazrebiT, rom isini ar iyvnen mociqulTa mier

daarsebulni. magaliTad, s. troicki wers, rom papebi leon didi da

nikoloz I eWvis qveS ayenebdnen konstantinopolis eklesiis avtokefalias

mtkicebiT, rom is ar iyo mociqulebis mier daarsebuli, zustad iseve,

antioqiis eklesia amtkicebda, rom qarTuli eklesia ar SeiZleba iyos

avtokefaluri, radganac ̀ aravin mociqulTagan ar iyo saqarTveloSi~. papi

grigori didi amtkicebda, rom msoflio unda daiyos mociqul petres mier

daarsebul sam eklesias Soris _ romis, aleqsandriis da antioqiisa, amito-

mac zogierTi eklesia cdilobda daekavSirebina Tavisi warmoSoba erT

romelime mociqulTan. qmnida legendebs: magaliTad, konstantinopolis...

ruseTisa da saqarTvelos eklesiebi TavianT warmoSobas akavSireben andria

mociqulis saxelTan.95

Cven kvlav gavimeorebT wina TavSi aRniSnuls: SeuZlebelia, rom mo-

ciqulebs TavianTi moRvaweobisa da mTel msoflioSi qadagebis dros gver-

di aevloT im drois iseTi Zlieri saxelmwifosaTvis, rogoric iyo iberia.

amitom unda davaskvnaT, rom qarTuli eklesia daarsebulia TviT mociqul-

Ta mier da qarTuli qristianuli Temebi saqarTveloSi sakmao gavleniTac

sargeblobdnen, rogorc amas mefe rev marTalis reforma uCvenebs. CvenSi

qristianuli eklesia da mrevli (qristianuli Temebi) uwyvetad arsebobda I

saukunidan IV saukunemde. amas arqeologiuri masalac amtkicebs. magaliTad,

arqeologebis mier mikvleulia CvenSi jer kidev wmida ninomde qristianu-

li mosaxleobis arsebobis damadasturebeli kvali, qristianuli samarxni

(mcxeTis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi) da II-III saukuneTa qristianuli eklesia (nas-

takisSi). II-III saukuneTa qristianuli eklesiis da agreTve imdroindeli

qristianuli dakrZalvis wesis arseboba adasturebs im azrs, rom saqarTveloSi

qristianuli saeklesio organizacia uwyvetad arsebobda I-II saukuneebidan

(mociqulTa droidan) wmida ninos qadagebamde (IV saukunemde).

a. boxoCaZe nastakisis velze qristianuli eklesiis arsebobis Sesaxeb

wers: `nastakisis velze ufro Zlieri dasaxlebac yofila adreul Sua


saukuneebSi, rasac naqalaqaris teritoriaze gaTxril nagebobaTa naSTebi

mowmobs. sacxovrebeli nagebobani mravali oTaxisa da erTi didi darba-

zisgan Sedgeboda. amgvar nagebobebSi erTi oTaxi mcire eklesias warmoad-

genda — mkveTrad gamoyvanili absidiTa da narTeqsiT. am periodSi qris-

tianoba jer kidev ar aris gamocxadebuli oficialur saxelmwifo sarwmu-

noebad, aralegalur mdgomareobaSia da TavSefarebuli Cans sacxovrebel

nagebobebSi. am faqts ki didi mniSvneloba aqvs qarTlis samefoSi qris-

tianuli religiis istoriis Sesaswavlad~.96

qarTuli eklesiis samwyso

qarTuli eklesia msoflio sayovelTao eklesiis erT-erTi adgilobrivi

eklesiaa, amasTanave is erovnuli eklesiac aris, rac ganpirobebulia imiT,

rom istoriulad Tavis uflebamosilebas qarTvel qristianebze axorcielebs.

qarTuli eklesiis istoriis kvlevisaTvis aucilebelia ganisazRvros misi

samwysos raoba. saeklesio istoriografiisaTvis cnobilia, rom CvenSi qris-

tianoba gaavrceles anu qarTuli erovnuli eklesia daafuZnes TviT mo-

ciqulebma andria pirvelwodebulma, svimon kananelma, barTlomem, mataTiam.

qristianobis dafuZnebis Jams, anu TiTqmis 20 saukunis win rogori saxisa

iyo qarTul eklesiis samwyso, is erTmaneTisgan sruliad daSorebul sxva-

dasxvaenovani kavkasiuri tomebisgan Sedgeboda, Tu erTian xalxs warmoad-

genda, romelsac hqonda erTobis raime niSanTviseba.

`qarTlis cxovreba~ da sxva istoriuli qronikebi amtkiceben, rom qarTu-

li eklesiis samwyso I-II saukuneebSi iyo erTiani xalxi — qarTveli eri.

am saukuneebamde ramdenime aswleuliT adre ukve dawyebuli iyo diferen-

ciacia erTiani, anu winare qarTuli enisa, magram qristianobis miRebisas

erTiani winare qarTuli enis daSlis xarisxi didi ar iyo. marTalia, arse-

bobda fuZe qarTuli enis daSlis Sedegad miRebuli tomobrivi enebi

dialeqtebi e.w. qarTebisa da megrelebisa, magram es dialeqtebi axlos

idgnen erTmaneTTan, imdenad axlos, rom SeiZleboda erTian enaze lapar-

aki. xalxis aseTi mdgomareoba ar aris umagaliTo. amis magaliTad SeiZle-

ba slavebi moviyvanoT. winare slavuri ena arsebobda VI-VII saukuneebam-

de.97 maleve slavebSi gavrcelda qristianoba, amitomac slavur enaze amis

Semdeg dawerili wmida wignebi gasagebi iyo TiTqmis yvela kuTxis slaveb-

isaTvis. —kievis ruseTs SeeZlo kirilesa da meTodes mier bulgarelTaTvis

IX saukuneSi Seqmnili Zvelslavuri anbanis gamoyeneba, xolo bulgaruli

wignebi formalurad ̀ ucxoenobrivad~ miCneulni, sinamdvileSi ar moiTxov-

da gadaTargmnas.98 bulgaruli anu Zveli slavuri ena savsebiT gasagebi iyo

kievis ruseTisaTvis. aRmosavleTis slavebSi ̀ XIV saukuneSi Camoyalibda 3

didi eTn. jgufi: rusebi, ukrainelebi da mogvianebiT belorusebi~.99 qris-


tianobis miRebis dros slavebs hqondaT enobrivi erToba an ufro sworad,

enobrivi erTobis dayofa dialeqtebad da enebad sul ramdenime aseuli

wlis win iyo dawyebuli. Semdgom, mogvianebiT, Sua saukuneebSi Zveli slave-

bi erovnul jgufebad daiSala. aseTsave viTarebaSi iyvnen qarTvelebi

qristianobis miRebis dros I-IV saukuneebSi. am dros fuZe qarTuli enis

daSla ramdenime saukunis winaT iyo dawyebuli. anu, jer kidev arsebobda

qarTuli enobrivi erToba, romelic moicavda aRmosavleT da dasavleT

saqarTvelos. am erTian qarTul enaze iTargmna wmida werili. qristiano-

bis mociqulTa mier gavrcelebis epoqaSi qarTuli eklesiis samoqmedo

asparezi — samwyso jer kidev TiTqmis enobrivad dauSleli iyo.

meore magaliTad SeiZleba gamodges romanulenovani qveynebi. qristiano-

bis miRebis dros espanelebis, frangebis, italielebis da sxva xalxebis

winaprebis saeklesio enad miRebuli iqna laTinuri ena radganac, maTi

gaqristianebis epoqaSi is iyo saerTo saxalxo ena. Semdgom saukuneebSi

laTinurenovani xalxebi sxvadasxva erebad Camoyalibdnen, romelTac mx-

olod saeklesio enobrivi erToba hqondaT, qarTuli eklesiis samwyso

qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi erTiani iyo rogorc enobrivad, ise eTni-

kurad, istoriiT da teritoriiT. aseTia tradiciuli Tvalsazrisi gamoxatuli

`qarTlis cxovrebasa~, `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~, agreTve sxva istoriul-saek-

lesio qronikebSi, romlebSic moyvanilia cnobebi qarTuli eklesiis is-

toriis Sesaxeb.

didi ilias gansazRvriT, eri aris krebuli istoriiT SeduRebul erT-

sul da erTxorc mkvidrTa.100

`erTsul da erTxorc mkvidrTa-Si~, cxadia, ilia gulisxmobda erTi eTni-

kuri warmoSobisa (erTxorc) da erTi sulieri kulturis (erTsul) mkvidr

mosaxleobas.

e.i. eri aris erTi eTnikuri warmoSobis materialuri da sulieri kav-

Siris mqone mkvidri mosaxleoba, romlis wevrebic, garda xorciel-sulieri

erTobisa, agreTve erTmaneTTan SeduRebul-SekavSirebulni arian istoriiT

(igulisxmeba antikuri da feodaluri epoqebi).

arnold Ciqobava wers: `eris raobas roca gansazRvraven, enis erTobaze

miuTiTeben. eris raobis es niSani yvelaze Zvelia (teritoriis erToba,

ekonomika, fsiqikuri wyoba am mxriv enas ver Seedrebian)~.101

Cveni mizania, ganvsazRvroT, arsebobda Tu ara qarTveli xalxi, qarTuli

eklesiis momavali samwyso, erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos — qarTlis

samefos Seqmnis epoqaSi (qristemde IV-III saukuneebSi). amisaTvis ganvsazRvravT,

hqondaT Tu ara imdroindel qarTul tomebs erisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

ZiriTadi elementebi: saerTo ena, saerTo teritoria, saerTo kulti —

erTmorwmuneoba, rac fsiqikuri wyobis erTobasa da sulieri kulturis

erTianobaSi Sedis, saerTo kultura, saerTo eTnikuri warmoSoba, ganuwyvet-

eli istoriuli kavSiri da saerTo ekonomiuri kavSiri.


a) saerTo ena

iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecnierebisTvis cnobilia, rom uZveles dros

arsebobda qarTvel tomTaSorisi saerTo ena — fuZe ena. qarTebs, megrel-

Wanebs da svanebs erT dros hqoniaT saerTo fuZe ena, romelic SemdegSi

daiyo.

enobrivi erTobis daSlis dasawyisad miRebulia sxvadasxva TariRebi.

yovel SemTxvevaSi, es enobrivi erToba daSlila ara sxvagan, aramed kavkasia-

Si. saerTo enobrivi erTobis mqone~ qarTveluri jgufis adgilsamyofeli am

droisaTvis mainc Tamamad SeiZleba kavkasiis miwa-wyalze vivaraudoT~.102

`mkvlevarTa azriT, II aTaswleulis dasawyisisaTvis, unda dawyebuliyo

saerTo-qarTveluri fuZe enidan svanuris gamocalkevebis procesi, xolo

qarTul-zanuri enobrivi erTobis daSlis dasawyisi Zv.w.aR-is VIII saukuniT

unda daTariRdes...~103

`adreantikur xanaSive (Zv.w. VI-IVss.) unda Camoyalibebuliyo gansxvaveba

(eniT da sxv.) megrul-Wanur (zanur) da qarTis tomebs Soris~.104

mecnierTa azriT, qristemde VIII saukuneSi qarTebsa da megrel-Wanebs

hqoniaT saerTo ena, xolo VI-IV saukuneebSi ukve arsebula gansxvaveba.

rogori saxis iyo es gansxvaveba?

`ra Tqma unda, enobrivi da sxva saxis gansxvaveba am dros bevrad

naklebi unda yofiliyo, vidre SemdegSi~.105 enobrivi gansxvaveba VI-IV sauku-

neebSi qristemde qarTebis enasa da megrul-Wanebis enas Soris `bevrad

naklebi~, anu didi ar yofila. amis mizezi is iqneboda, rom enobrivi

erTobis daSlis procesi axali dawyebuli yofila. dawyebula VIII sauku-

neSi (qristemde) da maleve, daaxloebiT IV-III saukuneebSi (qristemde) yal-

ibdeba erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo.

`qarTlis (iberiis) erTiani didi samefos warmoqmna dedaqalaqiT mcx-

eTaSi, rogorc Cans, marTebuli iqneba, rom Zv.w.aR-is IV-III ss. davukav-

SiroT~.106

cnobilia, rom erTiani saerTo qarTuli saxelmwifo `qarTlis samefos~

saxelwodebiT Seiqmna egriselTa uSualo da aqtiuri monawileobiT, kerZod,

farnavazi ver Seqmnida ̀ qarTlis samefos~, mas rom ar mieRo egrisis mmarTve-

lis, qujis daxmareba. `farnavazi... ukavSirdeba egrisis mmarTvel qujis~.107

saerTo qarTuli samefos Seqmnis Semdeg am samefoSi Sevida mTliani

egrisi, is ̀ qarTlis samefos~ mkvidri nawili gaxda. ̀ SemodgomiT farnavazi

mcxeTaSi cxovrobda, zamTarSi _ gaCianSi, xolo zafxuls wundaSi atareb-

da. zogjer moinaxulebda klarjeTs da egriss~.108

farnavazamde azoc hereT-egris-qarTlis mmarTveli _ `qarTlis mefe~

yofila: `qarTlis cxovrebis mixedviT azo... imorCilebs qarTlTan erTad

hereTs... das. saqarTvelos (egriss)~.109


cnobilia (`qarTlis cxovreba~ da Semdegdroindeli istorikosebi amas

xazgasmiT aRniSnaven), rom qarTuli ena farnavaz mefem gamoacxada saxelm-

wifo enad. mas es RonisZieba cxovrebaSi mkacrad gautarebia _ qarTlis

samefoSi sxva ena qarTuli enis garda oficialurad ar ixmareboda. am

dros sxvaoba qarTebisa da egriselebis metyvelebaSi TiTqmis ar arsebob-

da an dialeqtur doneze iyo. ase rom, qarTuli ena egriselebisaTvis

mSobliuri ena iyo. qarTuli ena iyo kultis msaxurebis, qveynis kulturu-

li fenebis, aristokratiis, saxelmwifo moxeleebis, zedafenis ena, e.i. salit-

eraturo ena.

marTlac, mecnierTa azriT, ̀ warsulSi iberiul-kavkasiur enebs meti siaxlove

axasiaTebdaT, vidre axla vxedavT. zedapirze sxvaoba Cans, siRrmiseul fenaSi

sxvaoba mcirdeba, saerTo matulobs. saerTo Zvelia, gansxvaveba _ axali~.110

mecnierebis mier garkveulia, rom qristianobamde qarTvelebis yvela

toms hqonia saerTo rwmena, arsebula saerTo qarTuli warmarToba. ivane

javaxiSvilma gaarkvia, rom svaneTSi warmarTuli sawesCveulebo kulti

qarTul enaze sruldeboda da ara svanur enaze. `ferxulis sityvebs

meferxule svanebi qarTulad warmosTqvamdnen.~111 Semdegma kvlevam aCvena,

rom `am wesebis ZvelqarTul saxelebTan erTad ferxulis qarTulad war-

moTqmis Cveuleba, ueWvelia, Tavdapirveli saerTo qarTuli wesis naSTi

unda iyos~.112 warmarTul wesebs, svaneTSi SemorCenils, hqonia qarTuli

terminologia, xolo TviT es wesebi qarTul enaze sruldeboda.

aseve yofila samegreloSic.

`iv. javaxiSvils saTanadod damtkicebuli aqvs, rom axalwlis dResaswaulis

Cveulebebis Tanaxmad, megreli mekvlec Tavis warmosaTqmel sityvebs megru-

lad ki ara, swored qarTulad ambobs xolme~.113

moyvanili faqtebi kidev erTxel amtkicebs im azrs, rom arsebobda saerTo

qarTuli ena — kultis msaxurebisa da sxvaTa Sesruleba xdeboda am

yvelasaTvis gasageb enaze, xolo SemdegSi (IV-III) es ena iqca saxelmwifo

enad.

ivane javaxiSvili sruliad samarTlianad daaskvnida miTiTebuli da

sxva monacemebis safuZvelze — `cxadi gaxdeba, rom aramcTu sazogado

qarTuli, yvela tomTaTvis, maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvisac saerTo

warmarToba arsebobda, aramed rom warmarTobis saerTo terminologiac,

saerTo enac qarTuli hqonda~.114

ase rom, erTiani saxelmwifos — ̀ qarTlis samefos~ warmoqmnamde (qristemde

IV-III saukuneebSi) da, cxadia, mis Semdegac, yvela qarTul toms — qarTebs

— megrelebsa da svanebs — hqoniaT saerTo mSobliuri qarTuli ena, e.w.

saliteraturo ena.

enaTmecnierebi gamowvlilviTi analizis safuZvelze midian daskvnamde,

rom qarTuli saliteraturo enis formireba dawyebula ara V saukuneSi,

aramed bevrad ufro adre, SesaZloa, mexuTe saukuneSi qristeSobamde.


enaTmecnieri l. leJava wers `... sarwmunod SeiZleba miviCnioT. rom

Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enis formireba dawyebulia V s-ze gacil-

ebiT ufro (SesaZlebelia, aTi saukuniT) adre~.115

cnobili mecnieri iv. gigineiSvili werda:

`axali saliteraturo enis sabolood Camoyalibebas Svidasze meti weli

dasWirda, misi Camoyalibeba mxolod me-19 saukuneSi gaxda SesaZlebeli da

es enac ki ar iyo iseTi srulyofili normebis mqone literaturuli ena,

rogoric Zveli qarTuli iyo, miuxedavad imisa, rom am enis normalizaciisa

da srulyofisaTvis me-19 saukunis meore naxevridan mokidebuli gacilebiT

metad xelsayreli garemoeba da pirobebi arsebobda, vidre Zvel saqarTvelo-

Si. Tu axali saliteraturo enis sabolood Camoyalibebas amdeni dro

dasWirda, cxadia, advili warmosadgenia, Tu ramdeni saukune dasWirdeboda

Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enis Camoyalibebasa da srulqmnas, vidre is

im doneze avidoda, rogorc saliteraturo ena, ra donezec dgas ̀ SuSanikis

wamebis~, an oTxTavisa da bibliis qarTuli Targmanebis ena~.116

V saukunemde qarTul saliteraturo enas ganviTarebis grZeli gza unda

gaevlo. `ase ganviTarebuli da unificirebuli saliteraturo ena mxolod

saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi SeiZleboda Seqmniliyo.117

mecnieris SexedulebiT, mexuTe saukunemde bevrad ufro adre, jer kidev

mwerlobis warmoSobamde arsebobda saerTo-saxalxo ena. cxadia, es saerTo

saxalxo ena iyo saerTo qarTuli fuZe ena, romelic farnavaz mefem sax-

elmwifo enad gamoacxada. enobrivi erTobis dros es saerTo-saxalxo ena

gamoiyeneboda yvela qarTuli tomis mier kultis msaxurebisa da sxva

miznebisTvis.

saerTo-saxalxo ena, romelic batonobda dialeqtebze da imorCilebda

maT, mwerlobis warmoSobamdec unda yofiliyo.

samwerlo enis arseboba ki damwerlobis warmoSobidan iwyeba, e.i. V s-ze

gacilebiT ufro adre, qristianobamdel epoqaSi~.118

davaskvniT, rom jer kidev IV-III saukuneebSi qarTlis samefoSi, anu

aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi mcxovreb xalxs ukve hqonia eris rao-

bis ganmsazRvreli erT-erTi mTavari elementi — kultmsaxurebis saerTo

qarTuli ena, romelsac hqonda dialeqtebi, rogorc yvela cocxal enas.

b) saerTo teritoria da saerTo saxelmwifo

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos (`qarTlis

samefos~) Seqmnamde qarTuli tomebi cxovrobdnen kavkasiaSi. isini cx-

ovrobdnen mWidrod erTmaneTis gverdiT, erTmaneTis mezoblad. ̀ qarTebis~,

`svanebis~, da ̀ megrel-lazebis~ garda amierkavkasiis centralur da dasav-

leT teritoriebze arc erTi sxva araqarTuli tomi ar cxovrobda. qarTve-


li tomebi teritoriulad gayofilni, erTmaneTisgan daSorebul-dacile-

bulni ar yofilan, arc geografiuli dabrkolebiT da arc ucxo araqarTu-

li tomebiT. maT saerTo warmoSobisa da sisxlismieri naTesaobis garda

aerTianebdaT saerTo qarTuli ena, saerTo sarwmunoeba. kavkasiaSive da ara

sxvagan momxdara maTi saerTo fuZe enis daSla, romelic mimdinareobda

TandaTanobiT mravali saukunis manZilze. saerTo fuZe enis daSlamde

Seqmnila erTiani saxelmwifo — ̀ qarTlis samefo~. am saxelmwifoSi Sediod-

nen rogorc qarTebi, aseve megrel-lazebi da svanebi. Tumca, am dros es tomebi

axlad iwyebdnen erTmaneTisgan gaTiSvas. adre maT aerTianebdaT saerTo fuZe

ena, saerTo warmoSoba, xolo saxelmwifos warmoqmnis Semdeg maT, saerTo

teritoriaze mosaxle am tomebs, aerTianebdaT saerTo saxelmwifo.

cnobilia, rom qarTlis anu iberiis samefo sakmaod mdgradi politikuri

erTeuli iyo da is aerTianebda aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos

rogorc qristes Sobamde, aseve mis Semdegac. amis Sesaxeb daJinebiT migvi-

TiTebs rogorc `qarTlis cxovreba~ da Zveli qarTuli wyaroebi, aseve

ucxouri wyaroebi da arqeologiuri masalac. ra Tqma unda, arsebobda

gamonaklisi zogierT saukunesa Tu aTwleulSi, magram yovelTvis iberiis

samefo kvlav ierTebda dakargul nawilebs. arsebiTi da niSneuli iyo is,

rom iberia TiTqmis yovel saukuneSi, qristeSobamde III saukunidan, vidre

qristes Semdeg VIII saukunemde axerxebda rogorc dasavleTis, aseve aRmo-

savleTis gaerTianebas. amitomac, dasavleT saqarTvelo, iseve rogorc aR-

mosavleTi, politikurad ganixileboda rogorc iberia. ucxoeli istoriko-

sebi dasavleT saqarTvelos (iseve, rogorc aRmosavleTs) uwyvetad VI-VIII

saukuneebamde uwodebdnen iberias. ucxour wyaroTa Cvenebis Tanaxmad, dasavleT

saqarTvelos mosaxleobas iberebs uwodebdnen. es gamowveuli iqneboda

imiT, rom es tomebi politikurad iberebi iyvnen, eTnikuradac iberebisagan

(aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobisgan) ar gansxvavdebodnen: saerTo

hqondaT ena, kultura, sarwmunoeba, saerTo warmoSoba — sisxliT naTesaoba.

amitomac dasavleTi saqarTveloc iberiaa, xolo mcxovrebni — iberebi.

dasamtkiceblad SeiZleba moviyvanoT Zveli cnobebi:

evsevi kesarieli wers — `megasTene (III sauk. Zv. w.) ambobs, rom nabuq-

odonosorma... miaRwia... iberTa qveyanaSi, ajoba maT... erTi nawili maTgani

gadaaadgila man pontos zRvis marjvena mxareze, iq daasaxla~.119 berZnebi

antikur periodSi Savi zRvis sanapiroebis aqtiur kolonizacias eweodnen,

amitomac Zvelma samyarom Zalze kargad icoda, Tu ras ewodeboda SavizRvi-

spireTi, kavkasiis siRrme, somxeTis CrdiloeTi da kaspiis zRva, saerTod,

amierkavkasiis geografia. evsevi kesarielis cnobiT, antikur samyaroSi

gavrcelebuli yofila Tvalsazrisi, rom Savi zRvis marjvena mxare, e. i.

kolxeTi qristemde III saukuneSi dasaxlebulia iberebiT. `qarTlis cx-

ovrebiTac~ am dros dasavleT saqarTvelo qarTlis samefoSi Sedis. vanis


arqeologiuri gaTxrebis xelmZRvaneli wers: `Zv.w.aR-is IV-III saukuneebi

iyo swored aRmosavluri qarTuli tomebis da pirvel rigSi mesxTa far-

Tod gansaxlebisa da politikuri aqtivobis xana. amrigad, mesxuri, e.i.

qarTis enovani (da dRevandeli imerlebisa da gurulebis) winapari tomeb-

is damkvidreba dRevandel dasavleT saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze Zv.w.aR-is

III-II saukuneebidan maincaa savaraudebeli. ... yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg

TiTqos saeWvo aRar unda iyos strabonis mier rionis dablobis garkveuli

nawilis `mosxTa qveyanad gamocxadeba...~120

`Zv.w.aR-is II saukunidan, rodesac qarTlis samefom samxreTiT bevri

olqi dakarga, dasavleT saqarTvelos aRmosavleT raionebSi, rogorc Cans,

misi Zalaufleba kvlav ZalaSia~.121

Tuki qristemde II saukuneSi Zlier dasustebul iberias dasavleT saqarTve-

los mniSvnelovani nawili ar daukargavs, cxadia, wina saukuneebSi misi

siZlieris dros mTel dasavleT saqarTveloze eqneboda Zalaufleba.

`mar-abas-katina (I sauk. qristemde)... gadmogvcems abidenis sityvebs: nabu-

qodonosori... Seesia iberebs... da maTi nawili daasaxla pontos zRvis

marjvena napirebze~.122

e.i. I saukuneSi qristemde, iseve rogorc adre, antikur samyaroSi kvlav

gavrcelebulia azri, rom iberebi SavizRvispireTSi, e.i. kolxeTSi cxovroben.

àx.w.aR-is I-II saukuneebSi qarTli gadaiqca Zlier saxelmwifod, romel-

ic amierkavkasiasa da mezobel mxareebSi politikur hegemonobas lamob-

da~.123 ,,II s. aq ... Savi zRvis sanapiroze iberias hqonda fexi mokidebuli~.124

moyvanili amonawerebidan Cans, rom qristemde IV saukuneSi Seqmnil

qarTvelTa samefoSi Sedioda dasavleTi saqarTvelo. qristemde III sauku-

neSi es samefo kidev ufro Zlierdeba, da masSi, bunebrivia, Sedioda dasav-

leTi saqarTvelo. II saukuneSi qristemde es samefo sustdeba da kargavs

Tavis samxreT provinciebs.

miuxedavad amisa, am samefoSi kvlav Sedioda dasavleTi saqarTvelo. I-II

saukuneebSi qristes Semdeg qarTvelTa samefo ise Zlierdeba, rom hegemon-

obas cdilobs mTel amierkavkasiaSi. am drosac, bunebrivia, mis Semadgenlo-

baSi darCa dasavleTi saqarTvelo.

III-IV saukunis avtori evsevi kesarieli (260-340 ww.) iberTa sacxovriss

Savi zRvispireTSi gansazRvravs.

sokrate sqolastikosi (IV-Vs.) wers: ̀ ...iberebi cxovroben evqsinis pontosTan~.125

gelasi kesarieli (IV sauk.) ... mogviTxrobs: ìmave xanebSi RmrTis mcneba

miiRes pontos gaswvriv miwa-wyalze mcxovrebma iberebma da lazebma...~126

rufinusis (gard. 410 w.) TxzulebaSi naTqvamia: àmave xanebSi iberTa

tommac, romelic cxovrobs pontos mxareSi, miiRo RvTis mcnebis kanonebi

da tyve qali...~127

`samive avtoris mixedviT, iberebi Savi zRvis sanapiro arealSi arian

moqceulni~.128


profesori robert blaixStaineri wers: `dasavleT saqarTvelos ro-

maul xanaSi ewodeba iberia~.129

am mxriv gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa cnoba evagre pontoelis Sesaxeb. ̀ IV

saukunis cnobili moazrovnisa da mwerlis evagri pontoelis biografiaSi

aRniSnulia, rom evagri warmoSobiT pontoelia — iberTa qalaqis mcxovre-

bi, paladis Semdgom V saukunis istorikosebi aRniSnaven, rom evagri tomiT

iberia~.130

im dros pontoSi cxovrobdnen megrul-lazuri tomebi. swored am laz-

megrelebis zogadi saxelia iberebi (qarTebTan erTad). qarTebi da megrelebi

iseT gasaocar igiveobas, erTgvarovnebas, erovnul erTobas amJRavnebdnen im

dros, rom Tanamedrove istorikosebi vardebian gamouval, uxerxul mdgo-

mareobaSi da varaudoben: `... egrebi Tavdapirvelad SeiZleba dasavleT

saqarTvelos aRmosavleT raionebSi, argveTsa da mimdgom mxareebSi damkvi-

drebul qarT-mesxuri tomebi iyvnen~. `... `egrisi~ da `megreli~ (`margali~)

saxelebi... aramegrul nawils unda rqmeoda~.131

sinamdvileSi egriselebi da megrelebi, cxadia, Tavidanve megrelebs er-

qva, magram isini eTnikurad ise axlos iyvnen qarTebTan, rom eTnikurad erT

mTlians warmoadgendnen — erT erovnebas qmnidnen.

daskvna: yvela qarTul toms — qarTvel xalxs aqvs saerTo teritoria

da saxelmwifos Seqmnis Semdeg maT am saerTo samSoblos ewoda qarTli —

iberia. qarTli erqva qveynis rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT nawils.

iberebi arian am qveynis mcxovrebni, rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT

saqarTveloSi. iberebi ki qarTvelebi arian.

g) fsiqiuri wyobis erToba

I . s a e r T o kult i e r T m o r w mu n e o b aI . s a e r T o kult i e r T m o r w mu n e o b aI . s a e r T o kult i e r T m o r w mu n e o b aI . s a e r T o kult i e r T m o r w mu n e o b aI . s a e r T o kult i e r T m o r w mu n e o b a

mecnierebis mier garkveulia, rom uZveles dros qristianobis miRebamde

didi xniT adre qarTvelebs (qarTebs, megrelebsa da svanebs) hqoniaT

saerTo sarwmunoeba — arsebula saerTo warmarToba — erTi sarwmunoeba.

amasTanave maTi sarwmunoeba yofila Zalze daxvewili da damuSavebuli.

SemuSavebuli yofila saerTo sakulto terminologia. kultmsaxurebisTvis

arsebobda saerTo ena. kultmsaxureba erT enaze sruldeboda qarTvelTa

qveynis sxvadasxva kuTxeebsa da TemebSi.

qarTuli miTologia damuSavebuli da daxvewili yofila. amis Sesaxeb

wers S. nucubiZe _ wylis `RmerTi~ igrisi `Tavdapirvelad mxolod adgi-

lobrivi kolxideli RmerTi iyo da mxolod Semdeg, qarTuli miTologiis

mTliani damuSavebis Sedegad, saerTo-qarTul panTeonSi Sevida~.132


`qarTveli tomebis uZveles rwmenaTa mimoxilvisas gairkva, rom ...

qarTvelebSiac sxvadasxva tomTaTvis damaxasiaTebel suraTs vxvdebiT.

rogorc irkveva, `Tavisi wili RmerTebi~ hyavdaT calke Temebsa da sag-

vareuloebs... amasTanave, xalxuri gadmocemebi da mdidari eTnografiuli

masalebi gviCveneben, rom qarTvelebs hyavdaT saerTo, didi (ufrosi) Rm-

erTebica da satomo an satomTaSorisi RvTaebebic... axla, SeiZleba iTqvas,

kargad aris gamorkveuli, rom im dros qarTul astralur panTeons sameu-

li meTaurobda pirveli maTgani ufrosad miCneuli uzenaesi RmerTi iyo.

meore _ qalRmerTi mze an mzeqali, xolo mesame _ kviria~...133

garkveulia ara marto saerTo warmarTuli panTeonis ̀ RmerTebi~ ierar-

qiis maRal safexurze, aramed momdevno safexurze mdgomi `RmerTebi~.

,,ukve am droisaTvis qarTvelTa yvela RvTaeba anTropomorful arsebad

aris warmodgenili, amasTanave, irkveva, rom uzenaesi RmerTi _ mTvare

RmerTia, e.i. mama RmerTia. kargad aris gamorkveuli, rom odesRac qarTul

tomebs saTaviso saTemo RvTaebis garda yvelasaTvis saerTo rwmena hqoni-

aT da saerTo qarTuli warmarTobac yofila. ... kvirias TayvaniscemasTan

dakavSirebul svanur wesebs wminda qarTuli warmarTuli rwmenis anarek-

li aqvT daculi da TviT saTanado ferxulis sityvebs meferxule svanebi

qarTulad warmoTqvamdnen am wesebis ZvelqarTul saxelebTan erTad, fer-

xulis qarTulad warmoTqmis Cveuleba, ueWvelia, Tavdapirveli, saerTo qarTu-

li wesis naSTi unda iyos ... megreli mekvlec Tavis warmosaTqmel sityvebs

megrulad ki ara, swored qarTulad ambobs xolme~. miTiTebuli da kidev

bevri sxva monacemi safuZvels aZlevda avtors daeskvna Semdegi: `cxadi

xdeba, rom aramc Tu sazogado qarTuli, yvela qarTvel tomTaTvis, maT

Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvisac saerTo warmarToba arsebobda, aramed,

rom warmarTobas saerTo terminologiac, saerTo enac qarTuli hqonda~.134

antikuri xanisTvis qarTveluri tomebi ki ar daSorebulan erTmaneTis-

gan, piriqiT, qarTvelTa konsolidacia gaZlierebula. amis mizezi sxvebTan

erTad, iqneboda saerTo qarTuli saxelmwifos arseboba, saerTo sarwmunoe-

bisa da agreTve saerTo saxelmwifo da kultmsaxurebis enis arseboba.

`antikuri xanisaTvis, rodesac qarTvelTa konsolidaciis Semdgomi ga-

Zliereba SeiniSneboda, ar arsebobs safuZveli raime mniSvnelovani cv-

lileba vigulisxmoT qarTul warmarTul panTeonSi~.135

cxadi xdeba, qarTvelebis mier qristianobis miRebamde qarTvelebs hqoni-

aT saerTo _ yvela qarTul tomTaTvis erTi da igive sarwmunoeba _ saerTo

warmarToba.

qristianobac erTdroulad miiRes, rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT

saqarTveloSi.

andria pirvelwodebulma iqadaga rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT

saqarTveloSi.


wmida ninosac mouqcevia rogorc aRmosavleTi, aseve dasavleTi saqarTvelo,

amis Sesaxeb dabejiTebiT miuTiTeben berZen-romaeli istorikosebi. gelasi

kesarieli wers _ ìmave xanebSi RmrTis mcneba miiRes iberebma da lazeb-

ma... am udidesi sikeTis mizezi gaxda erTi dedakaci, romelic maTTan iyo

tyved~.136

rufinusis mixedviT, dasavleT saqarTvelos gamaqristianebeli wmida ni-

noa. is wers: àmave xanebSi iberTa tommac, romelic cxovrobs pontos

mxareSi, miiRo RvTis mcnebis kanonebi da tyve qali~.137

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviTac asevea _ mirian mefe qristianobas

saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad acxadebs mTel iberiaSi anu rogorc dasavleT,

aseve aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi: `gardaicvala mirian mefe... romelman na-

Telsca yovelTa iverielTa~.138

marTalia, dasavleT saqarTveloSi qristianoba ise sayovelTao ar gamx-

dara, rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTvelos barSi, magram maleve rogorc dasav-

leT saqarTveloSi, aseve aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSic qristianoba

sayovelTao sarwmunoebad gadaiqca. mTeli qarTveli xalxi qristiani iyo.

daskvna: qristemde, IV-III saukuneebamde, erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos

Seqmnamde ukve arsebula yvela qarTuli tomisTvis saerTo sarwmunoeba _

saerTo qarTuli warmarToba (sxvaTa Soris, Cans, aman asaxva hpova `mo-

qcevaA qarTlisaASi~, romelSic aRwerilia, rom qarTvelTa Zveli samSob-

lodan ̀ arian-qarTlidan~ axal samSobloSi gadmosaxlebulma qarTvelebma

da qarTvelTa mefem Tan wamoiyvanes TavianTi `RmerTebi~).

I I . q a r T ul i t o m e b i s s a e r T o k ultur aI I . q a r T ul i t o m e b i s s a e r T o k ultur aI I . q a r T ul i t o m e b i s s a e r T o k ultur aI I . q a r T ul i t o m e b i s s a e r T o k ultur aI I . q a r T ul i t o m e b i s s a e r T o k ultur a

qarTvel tomTa saerTo kulturis arseboba yovelTvis ueWveli iyo. es iyo

erTiani eTnosis, erTi xalxis kultura. jer kidev saerTo qarTuli saxelm-

wifos _ iberiis, anu qarTlis samefos warmoSobamde didi xniT adre arsebu-

li cnobili kolxuri kulturac ki saerTo qarTuli kultura iyo:

`kolxuri kultura `warmoadgenda jer kidev sustad diferencirebuli

qarTveli tomebis kulturas~.139 saerTo-qarTuli (kolxuri) kulturis memkvi-

dre iyo antikuri xanis kultura. amave dros Camoyalibda erTiani qarTu-

li saxelmwifo.

antikur xanaSi ara Tu Sesustda qarTuli eTnosis erTianoba, piriqiT —

àntikuri xanisaTvis... qarTvelTa konsolidaciis Semdgomi gaZliereba Sein-

iSneba~.140

marTlac, `qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da sxva ZvelqarTuli wyaroebis mixed-

viT, am dros, antikurobis periodSive saqarTvelos mosaxleobas ewodeba

`naTesaviT qarTveli~. e.i. eriT, gvar-tomobiT qarTveli. ̀ qarTlis samefos~


yvela mkvidri, adgilobrivi mcxovrebi, im dros `qarTvelad~ iTvleboda,

miuxedavad imisa, qveynis aRmosavleT Tu dasavleT nawilSi cxovrobda is.

daskvna: antikur xanaSi ̀ qarTvelTa konsolidaciis~ dros, cxadia, kultur-

ac saerToa, amasve uCvenebs dasavleT saqarTvelos arqeologiuri Seswavla.

d) ekonomikuri kavSiridasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Soris

antikur epoqaSi, roca erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo Camoyalibda, berZne-

bi Savi zRvis sanapiroebis aqtiur kolonizacias eweodnen. maT mravali

savaWro qalaqi — polisebi hqondaT. saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTis anti-

kuri qalaqebi ZiriTadad adgilobrivi mosaxleobis qalaqebia. vanis da

arqeopolisis gaTxrebi miuTiTebs, Tu rogor Zlier ganviTarebuli savaWro

qalaqebi iyvnen dasavleT saqarTvelos qalaqebi. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

arqeologiuri Seswavla uCvenebs, rom ara marto mcxeTa, aramed sxva

ZvelqarTuli qalaqebic mZlavrad ganviTarebuli antikuri qalaqebi iyo.

amis Sesaxeb strabonic miuTiTebda. mcxeTa saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis

mqone savaWro gzajvaredinze mdebareobda. saerTaSoriso savaWro gza

mcxeTasa da mtkvris xeobas ukavSirebda rionsa da Sav zRvas. Tu ra didi

mniSvnelobisa iyo dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi saqarTvelos damakavSirebe-

li saerTaSoriso savaWro-ekonomikuri gza, iqidanac Cans, rom im dros

mdinare fazisze strabonis Tanaxmad, 120 xidi yofila gadebuli. xidebis

aseTi kolosaluri raodenoba miuTiTebs gzebis simravleze, e. i. vaWrobisa

da ekonomikis ganviTarebaze. mtkvarsa da rionze gamavali saerTaSoriso

gza ekonomiurad akavSirebda saqarTvelos kuTxeebs erTmaneTTan. dasav-

leT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mWidro ekonomikuri urTierTkavSiri

hqonda (im drois Sesabamisad).

e) qarTvelebis saerTo warmoSoba,sisxliT naTesaoba

dabadebaSi moxseniebulia qarTvelTa saerTo winapari _ `ese Sobani ZeTa

noesni: sem, qam da iafeT. da iyvnes maTda Zeni Semdgomad wyliT rRvnisa.

Zeni iafeTisni... Tobal da mosoq (dabadeba 10, 1-2).

I saukunis ganTqmuli istorikosi ioseb flabiosi, evstaTe antioqieli

(IV s.), Teodore kvireli episkoposi (IV s.), leon gramatikosi (XI s.) weren,

rom Tubal-Tobelebs maT dros iberebi ewodebodaT. flabiosi meSex-mosoxs

kapadokielTa winaprad miiCnevda. Zveli qristiani avtorebi xSirad asax-

eleben iberTa winaprebs, xolo egriselTa winapars ar asaxeleben. es ar

aris SemTxveviTi, saqme is aris, rom am qristian avtorTa dabejiTebuli


mtkicebiT, Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze cxovroben iberebi, dasavleT

saqarTvelos romaul xanaSi iberia ewodeba, magram Cven viciT, rom dasavleT

saqarTvelo _ egrisia, xolo mosaxleoba megrelebi. swored maT, megrelebs

uwodeben Zveli avtorebi iberebs, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobasTan

erTad da swored amitom ar asaxeleben egriselTa winapars. miaCniaT, rom

dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos xalxs ewodebaT iberebi da am erT xalxs

erTi winapari hyavs _ bibliaSi moxsenebuli Tobali.

ìberiis~ xalxi erTi xalxi iyo da iberebad iwodeboda _ amitomac mas

hyavda saerTo winapari _ Tobeli.

Tobelisagan warmoiSvnen iberebi _ ̀ qarTebi~, ̀ egriselebi~ da ̀ svanebi~ anu

qarTvelebi. im drois egriselebi iseve iberebi arian, rogorc `qarTebi~.

lingvistebis azriTac, ̀ iber~ fuZidanaa nawarmoebi ̀ egr~ fuZe, aqedan ̀ egrisi~.

ìber fuZis Zveli saxeoba unda yofiliyo hber (Seadare, romaeli mwer-

lebis TxzulebaSi dadasturebuli hiber)... hber fuZis dublikatebia hver,

hmer (iber-iver-imer), amaTgan _ hver _ nairsaxeobam erT-erT dialeqtikur

regionSi sxva fonetikuri ganviTareba ganicada _ h gadavida g-Si (moxda

e.w. aweva) da miviReT gver... ger... gur... erTi mxriv, prefiqsis darTviT

gamomuSavda eger/egr-is-i, m-egr-eli (meore mxriv _ guria)~.141

XVIII saukunis bolos, 1790 wels, saqarTvelos gansakuTrebuli daSli-

lobis dros Sedga dokumenti ìverielTa erTobis traqtati~, romelSic,

kerZod, naTqvamia: _ `vinaidgan yovelTave iverielTa msaxlobelTa same-

fosa Sina qarTlisa, kaxeTisa, imerTa, odiSisa da guriisaTa aqvsT erTmor-

wmuneoba, arian Svilni erTisa kaTolike eklesiisagan Sobilni da erTisa

enisa mqonebelni, aqvsT gavasxelobiTica siyvaruli viTarca sisxliT naTe-

savTa da moyvrobiT SekrulTa urTierTTa Soris. amisaTvis Cven aRvsTqvamT

mtkicesa amas erTobasa...~.142 aq sainteresoa, rom qarTuli saukunovani trad-

iciuli koncefciiT, romelmac asaxva hpova am dokumentSi _ iveria ewodeba

ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed, dasavleT saqarTvelosac. er-

Tian saqarTvelos _ yoveli iveria ewodeba, mosaxleobas _ yovelni iveri-

elni, sxvadasxva provinciebs _ iveriis qveynebi. gansakuTrebiT xazgasasme-

lia, rom ZvelqarTuli TvalsazrisiT, iverielebi anu samegrelos, guriis,

imereTis, kaxeTisa da qarTlis mosaxleoba (msaxlobelni) arian sisxliT

naTesavni, e.i. genetikurad erTiani, erTi eTnikuri warmoSobis eri. sisxliT

naTesaobis gamo iverielebi anu megrelebi, gurulebi, imerlebi, kaxelebi da

qarTlelebi ùrTierTTan SekrulSekavSirebulni arian moyvrobiT~, anu

`naTesauri~, erovnuli erToba aqvT. garda amisa, iverielebs erTmaneTTan am

dokumentis xelismomwerTa TvalsazrisiT, aerTianebT saerTo ena _ iveri-

elebi arian èrTisa enisa mqonebelni~ _ igulisxmeba qarTuli ena. iveri-

elebs aqvT saerTo teritoria _ `yoveli iveria~, iverielebs dokumentis

mixedviT, aqvT fsiqikuri wyobis erToba _ erTmorwmuneoba, erTi eklesia.


vinaidan am dokumentis erT-erTi xelismomweri iyo saqarTvelos kaTali-

kos-patriarqi anton I, unda vigulisxmoT, rom eklesiaSi miRebuli Tval-

sazrisiT, eri ewodeboda (Tanamedrove sityvebiT rom vTqvaT) erTi eTnik-

uri kavSiris mqone, anu sisxliT monaTesave mosaxleobas, romelsac hqonda

agreTve saerTo ena _ enobrivi erToba, saerTo teritoria, fsiqikuri wyobis

erToba _ saerTo sarwmunoeba. qarTuli eklesiis da saero xelisuflebis

TvalsazrisiT, iverielebs anu qarTvelebs hqondaT CamoTvlili niSan-Tvisebebi,

anu qmnidnen erovnul erTobas. amitomac maT unda hqonodaT saxelmwifoe-

brivi erTobac.

megrelebi, gurulebi, imerlebi, kaxelebi da qarTlelebi sisxliT naTe-

savebad miiCneodnen da miiCnevian.

qarTebs, zanebsa da svanebs qarTuli eklesiis Camoyalibebis dros (I-IV

saukuneebSi) ufro meti erovnuli erToba hqondaT, vidre gvian Sua sauku-

neebSi. amitomac Tavidanve qarTuli eklesiis samwysos warmoadgenda erT-

iani qarTveli xalxi, romlis eTnikuri gansaxlebis sazRvrebi moqceuli

iyo Savi zRvidan da mdinare egriswylidan (klisuridan) vidre somxeT-

albaneTamde (merve saukunemde, xolo Semdeg es sazRvrebi kidev ufro

gavrcelda).

ismis meore sakiTxi _ ramdenad SesaZlebelia qarTveli xalxi Camoyal-

ibebuli yofiliyo I-IV saukuneebSi wmida andriasa da wmida ninos qadage-

bebis dros. qarTuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad, qarTveli xalxi ukve Camoyali-

bebuli iyo pirveli qarTuli saxelmwifos daarsebis dros, qristeSobamde

IV-III saukuneebSi.

am Tvalsazriss eTanxmeba isic, rom swored am periodisaTvis somexi

xalxi ukve Camoyalibebuli yofila. s. eremianis Tanaxmad, somexi xalxis

Camoyalibeba damTavrda Zv.w.aR-is IV s-is damlevs.143 ,,somexi xalxis Camoy-

alibebis bolo etapi Tanxvdeba Zv.w.aR-is VI s-Si somxeTis saxelmwifos

Seqmnas. man urartus saxelmwifos adgili daikava.~144

cnobilia, rom Cveni Zveli istorikosebi haossa da qarTloss Zmebad

miiCnevdnen, amitomac isini qarTveli da somexi xalxebis Camoyalibebis

xanas erT epoqaSi aTavsebdnen.

qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi

adgilobrivi eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis gansazRvra Zneli ar

aris. IV msoflio krebam daakanona: saeklesio sazRvrebi unda damTxveoda

saxelmwifos sazRvrebs (ix. amonaweri uwmidesi sinodis saJurnalo gan-

sazRvrebidan. ruseTis sapatriarqo, 1943 w. 19 noemberi, #12). cnobilia, rom

msoflio saeklesio krebebi iRebdnen da afuZnebdnen ara axal wesebs,

aramed amtkicebdnen im kanonebs, romelnic ukve arsebobdnen saeklesio

praqtikaSi da wina drois mamaTa mier iyvnen dakanonebulni.


b. lominaZe wers: `aRmosavleTis eklesia gansakuTrebulad savaldebu-

lod xdida samoqalaqo-saero dayofis gadaRebas saeklesioSi, ase rom

yovel cvlilebas saeroSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebi unda mohyoloda saekle-

sioSi (qalkedonis IV, 13, 17 da sxv.)~.145

mamaTa kanonebis Tanaxmad, qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvari emTxveva

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sazRvars. qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis saz-

Rvris dadgenisTvis Cven unda ganvsazRvroT qarTuli saxelmwifos sazRvrebi,

romelTac gasdevda eklesiis sazRvari.

`qarTlis~ sazRvrebi da qarTvelTa vinaobaleonti mrovelis mixedviT

leonti mrovelis mixedviT, qarTlis saxelmwifoSi Sedioda rogorc

aRmosavleTi, aseve dasavleT saqarTvelo.

qarTlis cxovrebis mixedviT, `daipyra aleqsandre yoveli qarTli ... dau-

teva qarTls erisTavad azon~,146 `azon... daipyra qarTlsa zeda egrisica~.147

ganZis povniT daimedebulma farnavazma, egrisis mTavars qujis miswera

— `viyvneT Cven Zma da vixmaroT Cven xuastagi igi orTave. gamovuCndeT

Cuen mtrad azon erisTavs~.

azons dapyrobili hqonda rogorc aRmosavleTi, aseve dasavleT saqarTve-

lo. amitomac, gaxarebulma qujim miswera farnavazs — ̀ xuastagiTa SeniTa

gangimravle spani Senni, vidre gamovCndeT mtrad azonisa, maSin ganixaron

yovelTa qarTvelTa...~

azon iyo `kaci Zneli da mesisxle~. is dapyrobil samegreloSic `mow-

yvedda~ adgilobriv mosaxleobas, amitomac azonis damarcxebiT megrelebic

gaixarebdnen. am mizezis gamo, qujis farnavazisTvis TiTqosda is ki ar

unda miewera, rom `gamovCndeT mtrad azonisa da ganixaron yovelTa

qarTvelTao~, aramed unda miewera: gamovCndeT mtrad azonisa, maSin ganix-

aron yovelTa qarTvelTa da megrelTao, magram quji megrelebs ar ax-

senebs, Tumca, megrelebi dapyrobili hyavda azons. ratom?

cxadia, quji megrelebs ar axsenebs imitom, rom maT gulisxmobs ̀ yovelTa

qarTvelTaSi~.

Cans, farnavazis dros ̀ yovelTa qarTvelTaSi~ igulisxmeboda ara marto

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos mo-

saxleobac.

amis Semdeg farnavazi gadadis dasavleT saqarTveloSi, qujisTan. qujim mas

uTxra: `Sen xar Svili TavTa maT qarTlisaTa da Sen gmarTebs ufloba Cemi~.

`Sen xar ufali Cveni da me var mona Seni~.148

ratom marTebs `qarTlis TavTa~ Svils samegrelos meTaurze ufrosoba?

ratom aris samegrelos meTauri mona qarTlis meTaurisa? es imas niSnavs,


rom qarTlis Tavi, anu qarTlis meTauri istoriulad ganixileboda ara

marto aRmosavleT, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos meTauradac. aqedan Cans,

rom dasavleT saqarTvelo politikurad qarTlia, Tumca mas egrisi hqvia.

farnavazma ̀ ...daipyra yoveli qarTli TYnier klarjeTisa~ ̀ Semdgom mov-

ida klarjeTs da daipyra klarjeTi da warmovida mcxeTad~...149

farnavazis mier dapyrobil `yovel qarTlSi~ Sedis dasavleT saqarTve-

lo, mdinare egriswylamde, radganac am mdinaremde dasavleT saqarTvelos

mTliani teritoria farnavazs dapyrobili hqonia, xolo egriswyals iqiTa

qveyana qarTlSi, anu farnavazis saxelmwifoSi ar Sesula:

`xolo egriswyals qvemoT darCa berZenTa, rameTu mkYdrTa mis adgilisa-

Ta ara inebes gandgoma berZenTa~.150 e.i. egriswyals `zemoTa~ qveyana, anu

egriswylis marcxena sanapirosTan mimdebare qveyana aris qarTli.

sad aris mdinare egriswyali? unda vifiqroT, rom is miedineboda egro-

sis mier aSenebul qalaq egrisTan axlos.

`xolo aman egros aRaSena qalaqi da uwoda saxeli TYsi egrisi. aw mas

adgilsa hqYan bedia~.151

e.i. farnavazis saxelmwifoSi Sedis egrisi _ samegrelo da mTeli dasav-

leT saqarTvelo, garda egriswyals iqiT mdebare qveynisa. farnavazma

`daipyra yoveli qarTli~ _ egrisi Sedis `yovel qarTlSi~.

politikurad farnavazis mier Seqmnil saxelmwifos ewodeboda `qarT-

li~ anu `yoveli qarTli~, Tumca, am qarTlSi Sedis `sxvadasxva qveynebi~,

maT Soris `egris-eguri~ da klarjeTi, magram erTian saxelmwifos qarT-

lis samefo ewodeba.

farnavazma `yoveli qarTlis~ samefos mxedrebad anu jariskacebad ucx-

oelebi aRar miiRo, aramed ̀ qarTlosianni~ _ ̀ ganamravla yovelni mxedarni

qarTlosianni~. farnavazis cxovrebis avtori imitom aqcevs gansakuTrebul

yuradRebas am ambavs, rom farnavazis wina xelisuflebas ZiriTad samxedro

Zalad mowveuli hyavda ucxoelebi _ araqarTvelebi.

azonma amcno spaTa misTa, viTarmed: ̀ yovelman qarTvelTaganman, romelman

povos saWurveli, mokalT igi~, da hyofdes hromni igi esreT qarTvelTa

zeda~.152

e.i. azonis spa romaelTagan, ,,hromTagan~ yofila Sedgenili, SemdegSi

`aTasi mKedari rCeuli hromTa amaTgani... ganudges azons.~153 aseve azons

ganudgnen qarTvelnic, gamodis, rom azonis spaSi _ jarSi, yofilan ucx-

oelnic da qarTvelnic, magram ZiriTadi Zala ucxoelTa iyo.

farnavazis ̀ yoveli qarTlis~ samefos SeqmnaSi monawileoba miiRes rogorc

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aseve dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobam.

farnavazi Tavisi ganZiT gadadis dasavleT saqarTveloSi da iq qujis

SemweobiT daiqiravebs jariskacebs, cxadia, adgilobriv mcxovreblebs. quji

eubneba egrisSi Casul farnavazs _ ̀ nu Surob xuastagsa Sensa, raTa ganvam-


ravlneT spani~,154 e.i. Seni ganZiT jari daviqiraoTo. marTlac, egrisSive

`ganimravlnes spani. egrisiT Sekrbes uricxuni spani~.155

farnavazis pirveli jari swored dasavleT saqarTveloSi, egrisSi Sekre-

bili mxedrebisagan Sedgeboda da cxadia, qarTlis samefos Seqmnis Semde-

gac samefos spaSi didi iqneboda egrisel mxedarTa raodenoba. miuxedavad

amisa, farnavazis cxovrebis avtori wers, rom farnavazma `ganamravlna

yovelni mxedarni qarTlosianni~.

aqedan cxadia, ̀ qarTlosian~ mxedrebSi ZiriTadad igulisxmeba egriseli

mxedrebi, e.i. egriselic qarTlosianad miiCneva.

farnavaz ̀ mefe iqmna yovlisa qarTlisa da egurisa~.156 ̀ yoveli qarTlis~

samefos SeqmnaSi Tanabrad miiRos monawileoba rogorc dasavleTma, aseve

aRmosavleTma saqarTvelom. qarTlis samefos Seqmna daiwyo dasavleT

saqarTveloSi _ egrisSi. azonisgan rogorc aRmosavleTis, aseve dasavleT

saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebis Semdeg iqmneba erTiani aRmosavlur-dasav-

luri qarTuli samefo yovelgvari Sinagani winaaRmdegobis gareSe, piriqiT,

Sinagani mondomebiT. quji kvlav rCeba Tavisi qveynis, egrisis meTaurad,

magram misi mefe ukve aris farnavazi _ mefem `misca qujis queyana egriswy-

alsa da rions Sua... egrisi da svaneTi da daamtkica igi erisTavad mun~.157

farnavazma dasavleT saqarTveloSi egrisis erisTavis garda dasva mar-

gveTis erisTavi. mas dasavleT saqarTveloSi sul ori erisTavi hyavda (am

erisTavebis garda erisTavebi iyvnen: kaxeTisa, xunanisa, samSvildisa, wundisa,

oZrxisa da klarjeTisa. yvela am erisTavs hyavda zedamxedveli erisTavi

anu Sida qarTlis spaspeti, romelsac emorCilebodnen).

`farnavazma aRaSena da ganavso qarTli~. cxadia, qarTlSi igulisxmeba

dasavleT saqarTvelos saerisTavoebic _ egrisisa da margveTisa. farnavazi

drodadro gadadioda dasavleT saqarTveloSi, ̀ JamiTi Jamad mivides egriss~,

`moikiTxis megrelni da klarjni, ganagis yoveli saqme daSlili~.158

farnavazi megrelTa da klarjTa mefea.

`iyo gansueneba da sixaruli yovelsa qarTlsa zeda, mefobisaTYs far-

navazissa da ityodes amas yovelni. ̀ vhmadlobT suesa Cuensa, rameTu mogue-

ca Cuen mefe naTesavTagan mamaTa CuenTa da aRgYKada xarki da Wiri

ucxoTa naTesavTagan~.159

roca avtori wers, rom iyo sixaruli yovelsa qarTlsa zeda, igulisxme-

ba mTeli saqarTvelo, dasavleTica da aRmosavleTic.

mTeli samefos mosaxleoba ambobs: ̀ moguca Cuen mefe naTesavTagan mamaTa

CuenTa~. avtoris azriT, megrelTa, iseve rogorc samefos sxva kuTxeTa

mcxovrebTa TvalsazrisiT, mefe maTi erovnebisa aris, maTi mamaTa Svilia,

maTi naTesavia, anu maTi erovnebisaa. `aRgYKada xarki da Wiri ucxoTa

naTesavTagan~ _ ucxo naTesavi niSnavs ucxo ers, e.i. qarTlis mosaxleoba

erTi erisaa, erTi naTesavia, erTi mamaTa Svilebia, xolo sxvaa ucxo naTe-

savi, ucxo eri. erovnuli identoba gacnobierebulia.


farnavazi qarTlosis naTesavia, xolo `yoveli qarTlis~ mosaxleoba _

qarTlosiania, naTesaviT qarTvelia _ qarTlosis naTesavia.

`farnavaz iyo pirveli mefe qarTlsa Sina qarTlosisa naTesavTagani~.160

`ganavrco ena qarTuli da arRara izraxeboda sxua ena qarTlsa Sina

TYnier qarTulisa~.161

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, aleqsandre makedonelma `daipyra yove-

li qarTli da mosrna yovelni igi naTesavni aRreulni qarTls myofni da

ucxoni igi naTesavni mosrna... da dautevna naTesavni qarTlosianni~.162

farnavazis mier erovnuli saxelmwifos Seqmnis dros ucxoelebi aRar

cxovrobdnen qarTlSi. isini aleqsandres gauJletia. amis gamo farnavazs

gauadvildeboda erTiani saxelmwifo enis SemoReba, magram rogorc aRniS-

nuli iyo, farnavazis saxelmwifos SeqmnaSi Tanabrad monawileobda rogorc

aRmosavleTi, ise dasavleT saqarTvelo. saxelmwifoSi erTiani saxelmwifo

qarTuli enis SemoRebas egrisSi ukmayofileba ar gamouwvevia. mematiane

aRniSnavs, rom egriselebi iseve, rogorc sxva kuTxis mcxovrebni, kmayofilni

da bednierni iyvnen farnavazis mefobiT. amitom unda vifiqroT, rom megru-

li ena im dros jer kidev ar iyo gamoyofili qarTuli enisgan, an masTan

Zlier axlos idga. marTlac, im eqvs enaTa Soris, romlebic TiTqosda

farnavazis reformamde mis samefoSi ixmareboda, megruli ena dasaxelebu-

li ar aris.

farnavazis Semdgomi mefis, saurmagis, samefoSi Sedis dasavleTi saqarTve-

lo. is saqarTvelos mTianeTSi, asaxlebs Crdilo kavkasiidan gadmoyvanil

mosaxleobas. `dasxna mTiuleTs didoeTidan, vidre egrisamde, romel ars

svaneTi~.163

VII mefe qarTlisa bartomi uSviloa, is iSvilebs qarTams, egrisis erisTavis,

qujis Zmiswuls. egriseli qarTami _ farnavaziania. swored am mizezis

gamo iSvila is bartomma. `ese qarTvelTa saTnoebisaTvis eqmna bartoms,

rameTu qarTvelTa didi saTnoeba aqunda farnavazianTa mimarT~.164

TviTon bartomi iyo arSakuniani, iSvila qarTam farnavaziani (dedis mxridan),

romelic iyo egriseli _ megreli.

X mefe aderki. ̀ aman aderki daipyra yoveli qveyana qarTli da egrisi~.165

mTlian samefos ewodeba ̀ yoveli qveyana~. Sedgeba qarTlisa da egrisisgan.

erTian samefos ki qarTlis samefo ewodeba. mis mefes `qarTlis mefe~.

andria pirvelwodebulma iqadaga zemo qarTlsa da egrisSi. `xolo

viTarca esma mefesa aderkis megrelTagan sjulisa dateveba, ganuwyra da

waravlina erisTavni misni da iZulebiT kualadve moaqcivna megrelni~...166

aderkis ekuTvnis dasavleT saqarTvelo. man Tavisi samefo orad gauyo Tavis

Svilebs. erT Svils _ bartoms ergo egrisi da mtkvris CrdiloeTi qarTli.

qarTlis samefos sazRvrebi mtkiced iyo dadgenili da gansazRvruli.

qarTvel mefeTa mTavar movaleobas warmoadgenda qarTlis sazRvrebis


mtkiced dacva, xolo sazRvris darRvevis SemTxvevaSi _ `sazRvris Ziebis~

aucilebloba. magaliTad, XII mefeni farsman da kaos. maT dros somxeTis

mefem `mouRo sazRvari qarTlisasa qalaqi wunda~. `ver iZebnes mefeTa

qarTlisaTa sazRvari da mokudes mwuxarebasa Sina didsa~.167

mefeebis mier TavianTi samefos `sazRvris Zieba~ aucilebelia. aseve

iqceodnen XIII mefeni azork da armazel. amaT ̀ ganizraxes Zieba sazRvarTa

qarTlisaTa~.168

aseve qarTvelTa da osTa laSqarma daamarcxa somexTa laSqari da

tyved Seipyres somexTa mefis Ze. osebs surdaT tyve mefiswulis mokvla,

xolo `qarTvelTa daicves cocxlebiT ZiebisaTvis sazRvarTa maTTasa~. am

dros qarTvelTa mudmivi brZola somxebis winaaRmdeg gamowveuli iyo

somexTagan mitacebuli `sazRvris ZiebiT~. marTlac, sazavo molaparakebis

dros somxebs gadasces datyvevebuli somexi ufliswuli, xolo samagierod,

`amisaTYs somexTa ukmosces sazRvari qarTlisa qalaqi wunda da cixe

demoTisa, javaxeTi da artaani~.169

`da aResrulnes arzok da armazeli nugeSiniscemulni didad, rameTu

simKniTa maTiTa ukumoixunes sazRvarni qarTlisani~.170

radganac qarTlis samefos saxelmwifos sazRvrebi mtkiced iyo gan-

sazRvruli da dadgenili, amitomac sazRvrebis SigniT moqceul egrisze

qarTlis statusis ganxorcielebas didi mniSvneloba miecemoda.

XV mefe farsman qvelis samefoSic Sedis egrisi. farsman qvelis mokv-

lis Semdeg misi samefo mirdatma daipyro. `daipyres qarTli mirdat da

erisTavman sparsTaman, xolo megrelni dadges erTgulebasa farsmanis Zisasa~.

e.i. dasavleT saqarTvelo farsmanis Zes emxroba. dasavleT saqarTvelos

daxmarebiT man aRadgina mefoba qarTlSi. misi Svili ukve mefea `yoveli

qarTlis~ _ `mefobda ese farsman yovelsa qarTlsa zeda~.171

XVIII mefis amazaspis dros CrdiloeTidan gadmovidnen osebi qveynis

dasapyrobad. `maSin amazasp mouwoda yovelTa erisTavTa qarTlisaTa. da

movides erisTavni aRmosavalisani: erisTavi kaxeTisa, erisTavi xunanisa,

erisTavi samSYldisa da Semokrbes mxedarni spaspetisani da vidre mosl-

vadmde dasavleTisa erisTavisa, movides ovsni~...172

qarTlis samefoSi Sedis `dasavleTis saerisTavoebi~. mematianis mixed-

viT, `dasavleTis saerisTavoebSi~ Sedis dasavleT saqarTvelosa da klar-

jeTis saerisTavoebi. mefe amazaspi Tavisi mesisxleobisaTvis `moiZules...

erman qarTlisaman~. amis gamo gandges erisTavni dasavleTisani xuTni:

orni erisTavni egrisisani, erTi oZrxisa, erTi klarjeTisa da erTi wundisa~.

marTlac, pirvelma mefem farsmanma dasavleT saqarTveloSi, anu egrisSi

dasva ori erisTavi — erTi sakuTriv egrisisa da meore margveTisa. anu

dasavleT saqarTvelo or saerisTavod iyo gayofili. am saerisTavoebis

meTaurebisa da agreTve wundis, oZrxisa da klarjeTis erisTavebisaTvis


SemdgomSi daurqmeviaT `erisTavni dasavleTisani~. cxadia, mefe amazaspis

samefoSi Sedis egrisi. mefe amazaspis winaaRmdeg Sekruli koaliciis

jarebi swored dasavleT saqarTvelodan gadmovidnen Sida qarTlSi. `gar-

damovles gza Takuerisa da movides erisTavTa Tana egrisaTa~.173

XXIV mefe miriani. `mefobda esreT mirian mcxeTiT gaRmarT qarTls,

somxiTs, rans, hereTs, movakans da egrs~.174

`da mefobda mirian mun qarTls, rans, hereTs da movakans da aqunda

egrisica vidre egriswylamde~.175

XXVII mefe varaz-baqari. `daipyres berZenTa Tuxarisi da yoveli klarje-

Ti zRviTgan arsianamde da darCa varaz-baqars qarTli TYnier klarjeTisa da

hereTi da egrisi~. `qveyana maTi sazRvari qarTlisa mosca varaz-baqarsave.~176

juanSeris Tanaxmadegrisi `qarTlSi~ Semavali qveyanaa

juanSeri qarTlis mefe mirdats uwodebs qarTvelTa mefes. am XXXII

mefis devizia: ̀ mtkiced da Seuryevelad vipyrneT sazRvarni qarTlisani~.177

is aris mama vaxtang gorgaslisa.

mirdatis samefoSi Sedis dasavleT saqarTveloc _ egrisi. es iqidan

Cans, rom roca daoblebuli misi Zis, 10 wlis vaxtangis samefoSi Semoi-

Wrnen Crdilo kavkasiidan gadmosuli dampyroblebi, maT daarbies cen-

traluri qarTli, xolo ganapira provinciebi ar daurbeviaT.

`viTar iqmna vaxtang wlisa aTisa, gardamovides ovsni spani uricxuni da

motyuenes qarTli... daurCes warutyuenvelad Kevni qarTlisani: kaxeTi, klar-

jeTi da egrisi...~178

egrisi Sedis vaxtangis samefoSi _ `masve Jamsa gamovides berZenni

afxazeTiT, rameTu berZenTa hqonda egriswyals qvemoTi kerZi yoveli da

daipyres egriswyliTgan vidre cixe-gojadmde. maSin iqmna glova da wux-

ili yovelTa qarTvelTa da ityodes. ̀ ...RmerTman... migucna Cuen wartyuenvad

ucxoTa naTesavTa da migYRo Cuen sazRvari berZenTagan, viTarca miuRo

varaz-baqars mefesa klarjeTi... viZioT... Cuen Suri pirvel ovsTa zeda da

Semdgoadmca vZebneT sazRvari qarTlisa berZenTagan~. amas ityodes yovelni

qarTvelni da iyvnes mwuxarebasa Sina didsa~.

`vaxtang... mwuxare iyo... sazRvarTa mixumisagan~.179

oseTSi gamarjvebis Semdeg vaxtangi CrdiloeTis gziT Cadis afxazeTSi.

im dros afxazeTi, vidre mdinare egriswylamde, Sedioda berZnebis saxelm-

wifos SemadgenlobaSi, xolo vaxtangis pataraobis dros berZnebs qarTlis

samefos teritoriac hqondaT dapyrobili md. egriswylidan cixe-gojamde.

ase rom, berZnebs am teritoriaze (afxazeTSi da dapyrobil egrisSi) Tavi-

anTi cixeebi hqondaT. oseTSi gamarjvebulma vaxtangma ̀ sam wel wartyuenna


yoveli cixeni afxazeTisani, vidre cixe-gojamde.~180 Cans, vaxtangs ara Tu

qarTlis saxelmwifo sazRvari aRudgenia, aramed kidec Setevaze gadasula

da berZnebis miwebi daulaSqravs sakuTriv afxazeTSi.

sakuTriv saberZneTSi (pontoSi) laSqrobisas vaxtang mefes sizmarSi

pirdebian, rom berZenTa keisarma `yoveli sazRvari qarTlisa misgan uk-

moRebuli mogces~,181 marTlac, male qarTlis momavali kaTalikosi petre

moelaparaka keisars, romelmac `yoveli, romeli exilva Cuenebasa Sina,

misca mas zeda neba vaxtangs~,182 e.i. keisarma vaxtangs daubruna qarTlis

samxreTiT dapyrobili teritoriebi, ̀ misca sazRvari qarTlisa~ _ klarje-

Ti. sparselebTan omis win keisari eubneba vaxtangs: `...migce cixe Tuxarisi

da sazRvarni qarTlisani~.183

omis Semdeg vaxtang mefes `ukumosca keisarman sazRvari qarTlisa, cixe

Tuxarisi da klarjeTi yoveli~.184 am dros vaxtangs afxazeTSi berZnebis

kuTvnili teritoria egriswylidan CrdiloeTiT dapyrobili aqvs, amitomac

keisari urigdeba vaxtangs. `egriswyliTgan vidre mdinaredmde mcirisa xaz-

areTisa _ ese sazRvari ars saberZneTisa aleqsandrobiTgan, romeli aw Sen

migiRia mklaviTa Cuengan. aw igi ukumoguec da odes wariyvanebde colsa

Sensa, asulsa Cemsa, maSin mogce misgan queyana da dauwera egriswyalsa da

klisurasa Sua queyana ziTvad, da sxva afxazeTi ukusca vaxtang berZenTa~.185

e.i. qarTlisa da saberZneTis sazRvari aleqsandre makedonelidan da

farnavazidan moyolebuli gadioda mdinare egriswyalze. mefe vaxtang

gorgaslis cols mziTevSi ergo afxazeTis teritoria mdinare egriswyl-

idan vidre mdinare klisuramde (e.i. axlandel mdinare RaliZga-egriswyl-

idan md. kelasuramde). amis Semdeg saukuneTa manZilze sazRvari qarTlis

samefosa da bizantiis imperias Soris gadioda md. klisuraze, xolo kli-

suras zeviT (misi marjvena sanapiro kavkasiis mTebamde) afxazeTi Sedioda

saberZneTis saxelmwifoSi.

aqedan Cans, rom egrisi Sedioda qarTlSi, rom egrisi iyo qarTlis anu

iberiis erT-erTi provincia, rom iberia moicavda rogorc aRmosavleT,

aseve dasavleT saqarTvelos.

mag: mefeebis mirisa da arCilis dros saberZneTis imperatori swers

Tavis erisTavs afxazeTSi: `yovladve sazRvarTa qarTlisaTa Cuengan qmnil

ars vneba... aramed keTilad pativscemdi mefeTa da erTa magaT qarTlisaTa,

da amieriTgan nuRara Kel-gewifebis vnebad maTda da sazRvarTa maTTa

egrisaTa~.186

e.i. keisari swers Tavis erisTavs afxazeTSi, rom Cven xSirad varRvevT

qarTlis sazRvrebs egrisSi, e.i. gadavdivarT mdinareebze klisurasa da

egriswyalze da vipyrobT qarTlis samefos kuTvnil teritorias. amJamad

ki qarTlis samefos dasustebisa da mahmadianTa gaZlierebis gamo umjobe-


sia da gibrZaneb, pativi sce qarTlis mefeebsa da ers, maT ar miayeno vneba.

aseve nu daarRvev qarTlis samefos sazRvrebs egrisSi. qarTlis saxelmwifos

sazRvrebi xSirad ixseneba vaxtangis cxovrebis aRweraSi. mag., vaxtang mefem

`...mosrna da ganasxna yovelni cecxlismsaxurni sazRvarTagan qarTlisaTa~.187

istorikosebis gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces im faqts, rom

vaxtang mefis mematiane egriss `qarTlis dasavleTs~ uwodebs: vaxtangma

`rqua Zesa TYssa daCis: `...Senda mimicemia gYrgYni mefobisa Cemisa... sazR-

vari afxazeTisa, romeli mocemul ars egriswyalsa da klisuras Sua. igi

TYT ZmaTa SenTa dedisa ars, igi aqundes maT da iyvnen Senda erisTavad...~188

e.i. pirveli ,,sparsi~ colisgan darCenil Svils misca mefoba, xolo berZenis-

gan darCenilebs _ leonsa da mirdats misca erisTavoba teritoriisa,

romelic mziTvad ergo maT dedas berZenTa keisrisgan _ miwa-wyali kli-

surasa da egriswyals Soris. es teritoria geografiulad Sedioda afx-

azeTSi, xolo politikurad Sevida qarTlis samefoSi vaxtangis mefobisas.

vaxtangis gardacvalebis Semdeg `dajda saydarsa missa Ze misi daCi,

xolo coli da orni Zeni vaxtangisni wariyvannes samTa maT erisTavTa da

daipyres dasavleTi qarTlisa, romeli misca vaxtang~.189

aqedan aSkarad Cans, rom ̀ dasavleTi qarTlisas~ mematiane uwodebs egrisw-

yalsa da klisuras Soris moqceul teritorias. mematianis azriT, egrisi,

iseve rogorc kaxeTi da klarjeTi, qarTlis erT-erTi xevia, anu erT-erTi

provinciaa. `xolo aman daCi mefeman iwyo Senebad qarTlisa, rameTu mooKre-

bul iyvnes yovelni Kevni qarTlisani, TYnier kaxeTisa da klarjeTisa da

egrisisa~.190 istorikosi gulisxmobs, rom qarTlSi Sedis kaxeTi, klarjeTi da

egrisi.

vaxtangis Svilis, leonis gardacvalebis Semdeg klisurasa da egriswy-

als Soris moqceuli teritoriis erisTavad darCa mirdati. `amas mirdats

daevaWra Zma misi daCi: mefeman gaucvala queyana da aRiRo mirdatisagan

egriswyalsa da klisurasa Sua, mirdatis deduli, sazRvari saberZneTisa,

da misca nacvlad javaxeTi~.191

herakle bizantiis imperatoris dros VII s-is dasawyisSi kualad wariRes

berZenTa sazRvari qarTlisa: speri da bolo klarjeTisa, zRYspiri~.192

zRvis piri ewodeboda SavizRvispireTs saerTod _ speridan afxazeTam-

de, berZnebs miutacniaT mTeli SavizRvispireTi, speri, klarjeTis bolo da

kolxeTis zRvis piri, e.i. egrisis dasavleTi nawili speridan afxazeTamde.

mematiane egrisis am dapyrobil teritorias qarTlis nawilad miiCnevs.

ivane javaxiSvili wers: `simarTles uaxlovdeba... juanSeris... qarTlis

sazRvrebis aRweriloba.~193 Tedo Jordanias azriT, juanSeri `Tanamedrove

unda iyos da TviTmxilveli moTxrobilisa~.


qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis dasavleTissazRvrebi vaxuStis mixedviT

vaxuStis mixedviT, qarTlis saxelmwifo moicavda rogorc aRmosavleT, ise

dasavleT saqarTvelos ara marto vaxtangis dros, aramed wina saukuneebSic.

vaxuSti, iseve rogorc vaxtang gorgaslis sxva istorikosebi, wers: vaxtangis

mcirewlovanebis dros mezobelma saxelmwifoebma da tomebma Tavdasxmebi

daiwyes. bizantiamac miitaca saqarTvelos teritoria. `...mogzavna berZenTa

mefeman markiani spani da miixuna egrisisa cixegojamde zRYs kideni. maSin

iyo urva didi iveriasa Sina, vinaATgan mistacnes sazRvarni maTni da ara

hyvaT winamZRuari~...194 e.i. egrisi ganixileboda rogorc qarTlSi Semavali

teritoria, ise rogorc juanSerTan da leonti mrovelTan.

vaxuStis mixedviT, samegrelo saqarTveloSi Sedioda ukve farnavaz me-

fis droidanve. farnavazma `...qujis misca queyana rionis dasavleTi zRuam-

de da egrisis wylamde suaneTiT... meore erisTavi dasua margueTisa Sora-

pans da misca mcire lixidam vidre zRuamde Rados mTisa da rions SuaTi...~195

`yovel saqarTveloSi~ mematiane gulisxmobs, rogorc dasavleT, aseve

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, wmida ninom `...naTelsca yovelTa iverielTa.~196

e.i. wmida ninos mier qristianoba miuRia rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasav-

leT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas.

ocdameeqvse mefis mirdatis dros `...ganefina yovelsa saqarTvelosa

Sina nawili suetisa mis cxovelisa kurnebad maTda~.197

ase rom, moulodneli ar aris qarTvelebis wuxili iveriis zRvispira

teritoriebis bizantielTa mier aneqsiis gamo vaxtang gorgaslis dros,

radganac dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira teritoriebi uZveles droidanve

Sedioda qarTlis saxelmwifoSi.

`saqarTvelos erTiani monarqiis periodSi (vidre XV saukunemde) quTai-

sis `vakis~ erTi nawili, vaxuStis cnobiT, `qarTlis mTavarepiskoposs~

ekuTvnoda... rogorc Cans, amaze adre, saqarTvelos erTianobis xanaSi vax-

tang gorgaslis dros `vake, margueTi da Takueri~ mcxeTis iurisdiqciaSi

Sedioda, jer mTavarepiskoposis, Semdeg kaTalikosisa. momdevno xanaSi mTa-

varepiskoposs mxolod `vake~ SerCa vidre XVI saukunemde.~198

dasavleT saqarTvelos `margueTisa da Takueris~, `egrisisa da suanTa~

saerisTavoebSi, qristianuli mrevlis simciris gamo, mrevli eqvemdebarebo-

da mcxeTisa da niqozis episkoposebs, `vake~ teritoriis mosaxleoba —

qarTlis mTavarepiskoposs mcxeTaSi, xolo mTiani teritoriis mosaxleoba

niqozis episkoposs.

vaxtang gorgaslis epoqaSi qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqcia vrce-

ldeboda mTel qarTlis samefoze, politikur qarTlze, e.i. rogorc dasav-

leT, aseve aRmosavleT saqarTveloze.


VI saukunis dasawyisSi sparseTma da bizantiam (romma) saqarTvelo erTma-

neTs Soris gaiyves 532 wels dadebuli saukuno zaviT. or dampyrobels

Soris saqarTvelosTvis (dasavleT saqarTvelosTvis) daiwyo xangrZlivi

omebi. am dros qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareoba Zalze mZime iyo. politikuri

qarTli ukve aRar arsebobda, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo gauqmebuli iyo. ami-

tomac, qarTuli eklesia Tavis iurisdiqcias ukve veRar ganaxorcielebda

qarTlze, rogorc damoukidebel suverenul administraciul erTeulze. ukve

yvelaferi damokidebuli iqneboda sparseTsa da bizantiaze.

VII saukunis damdegs saqarTveloSi herakle keisris laSqrobam saqa-

rTvelos eklesia daaknina. herakle keisarma saqarTvelos CamoarTva Savi

zRvispira teritoriebi da ganaxorciela iq Tavisi aneqsia, Semdeg maleve

arabebis Semosevam saerTod daasusta qristianoba.

am mizezebma, upirveles yovlisa, qarTlis, rogorc erTiani saxelmwifos

gauqmebam, gamoiwvia lazikis qristianebis nawilis gadasvla berZnul

saepiskoposoebSi. qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenisTanave (dasavleT

saqarTveloSi) qarTulenovani eklesia, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso daarsda.

zogierTi berZeni da romaeli istorikosis Tanaxmad,kolxeTi iberiaSi Semavali qveyanaa

qsenofonti wers: `aqedan isini mividnen... mdinare fasisTan... amis Semdeg

Cavidnen dablobSi, sadac maT winaaRmdeg darazmuliyvnen xalibebi, taoxebi

da fasianebi~.

`...fasianebisa da hesperitebis satrapi iyo tiribaZe~.

`radgan Cven gvaqvs xomaldebi, amitomac umjobesia gavcuroT fasisisaken

da davipyroT fasianTa qveyana. iq maSin aietis Camomavali mefobda~.199

qsenofontma dabejiTebiT icis, rom fasisis xeobaSi cxovroben fasianebi,

xalibebi da taoxebi.

xalibebi da taoxebi `iberTa~ tomebi arian. miCneulia, rom mdinare

fasisi, sadac qsenofonts Sexvdnen taoxebi da xalibebi, aris mdinare

araqsi. marTalia, taoxebi da xalibebi mdinare araqszedac cxovrobdnen,

magram, Cans, isini qsenofonts mdinare WoroxTan mcxovrebni uxilavs. amis

Sesaxeb dabejiTebiT migviTiTebs ariane. ariane, iseve rogorc qsenofonti,

TviTve iyo namyofi kolxeTSi. garda amisa, ariane miiCnevda qsenofonts

did avtoritetad. amitomac kargad icnobda qsenofontis istorias. ariane

wers amazoni tomebis Sesaxeb — ̀ qsenofonti maT ar axsenebs, xolo fasian-

ebs, kolxebs da sxvebs is axsenebs, im barbaros tomebs, romelTac Sexvdnen

elinebi an maSin, rodesac trapezuntidan gamovidnen, an vidre trapezuntSi

Sevidodnen~.200


e.i. arianes mixedviT, fasianebs, taoxebs da xalibebs, anu barbaros tomebs,

qsenofonti Sexvda sadRac trapizonis midamoebSi, rogorc Cans, trapizo-

nis CrdiloeTiT, kerZod, mdinare fazissa, rionsa da trapizons Soris.

yovel SemTxvevaSi, es moxda trapizonis raionSi. mdinare araqsi sruliad

daSorebulia trapizonidan, araqss trapizonamde aSorebs didi mdinaris

xeoba _ Woroxisa. ariane darwmunebulia, rom qsenofonts swored kolxeT-

Si mobinadre barbarosi tomebi Sexvdnen. is pirdapir wers _ `fasianebi da

kolxebi da sxva barbarosebi~, xolo qsenofonti am kolxebs uwodebs kerZo

saxels _ ̀ fasianebi, taoxebi da xalibebi~. aqedan unda davaskvnaT, rom kolx-

eTSi qsenofontis dros cxovrobdnen iberTa tomebi _ taoxebi da xalibebi.

Cans, kolxebi eTnikurad igive iyo, rac qarTebi, ufro sworad, eTnikurad

kolxebi da qarTebi erTi xalxi iyo, erTgvarovani eTnikuri Semadgenlobisa.

maT Soris ar iyo didi diferenciacia, Tumca, Sedgebodnen aTeulobiT sxva-

dasxva tomisagan, zogadad ki erTi xalxi iyo _ qarTveli xalxi.

qsenofontis jariskacebis mizania, Cavidnen kolxeTSi, gascuron TavianTi

xomaldebiT fasisisaken da daipyron fasianTa qveyana, sadac aietis Camo-

mavali mefobs. cxadia, mxedvelobaSia ara araqsi, aramed Woroxi an rioni

da amitomac SeiZleba Woroxis an rionis xeobaSic cxovrobdnen xalibebi

da taoxebi. `fasianebisa da hesperitebis satrapi iyo tiribaZe~, _ wers

istorikosi. vin arian hesperitebi? es sityva hgavs herodotes saspeirebs.

herodote wers _ ̀ sparselebi cxovroben aziaSi samxreTis zRvamde, romelsac

ewodeba mewamuli, maT CrdiloeTiT cxovroben midielebi, midielTa zemoT _

saspeirebi, saspeirebs zemoT _ kolxebi, romlebic esazRvrebian CrdiloeT-

is zRvas, rasac erTvis mdinare fazisi, es oTxi xalxi cxovrobs teritori-

aze, romelic gadaWimulia zRvidan zRvamde~.201

midielebi da sparselebi antikur epoqaSive erT xalxad iqcnen, radganac

erTi eTnikuri Semadgenlobisa iyvnen.

qsenofontis hesperitebisa da herodotes saspeirebis fuZe aris speri.

miCneulia, rom saspeirebi arian Semdegdroindeli iberebi. hesperitebi

igive saspeirebi an saspeirebis erT-erTi tomia, romelic kolxeTSi fasian-

Ta tomTan erTad cxovrobs.

fas (fs) Ziri qarTul metyvelebaSi gamoiyeneboda mdinaris aRsaniSnavad

_ fasisi, fSa, fse da a.S.

ariane wers, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoriis erTi nawili uSua-

lod Sedioda iberiis samefoSi. qsenofontis dros jer kidev ar arsebob-

da iberiis saxelmwifo, magram Cans, qarTebis tomebi dasavleT saqarTveloSic

cxovroben, xolo arianes dros ukve arsebobs qarTlis samefo, romlis

saxelmwifo sazRvrebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi Sav zRvamde aRwevs.

`Semdegi tomebi gaviareT: trapezuntelebis mosazRvreni, rogorc qseno-

fontic ambobs, arian kolxebi da toms, romelic uguladesia da trapezun-


telebis mosisxle mteri, qsenofonti drilebs uwodebs, me ki vfiqrob, rom

isini sanebi arian. eseni metad kargi meomrebi arian... amaT gverdiT arian

makronebi da henioxebi, maTi mefe anqialea. makronebis da henioxebis me-

zoblebi Zidritebi arian, eseni farsmanis qveSevrdomebi arian. Zidritebis

gverdiT lazebi arian. lazebis mefe malasaa, romelsac taxti Sengana

aqvs miRebuli. lazebis mezoblebi afsilebi arian, maTma mefem iulianem

mefoba Seni mamisagan miiRo. afsilebis mezoblebi abaskebi arian. abaskTa

mefe resmagaa, amasac taxti Sengana aqvs miRebuli. abaskTa mezoblebi

sanigebi arian, maT miwaze imyofeba sebastopolisi...~202

arianes monaTxrobidan aSkaraa, rom qarTlis samefos sazRvrebi Sav

zRvamde vrceldeba. garda amisa, aucileblad sagulisxmoa, rom romis impe-

ria sisxlxorceulad dainteresebuli iyo xelT egdo Savi zRvis sanapi-

roebi. is ipyrobda SavizRvispira qveynebs da imorCilebda tomebs. romis

aseTi siZlieris drosac ki romis mier dasavleT saqarTveloSi dapyrobil

teritoriaSi iberiis saxelmwifo soliviT aris SeWrili. garda amisa, roms

ar emorCileba drilebis, anu sanebis Zlieri tomi, romelic ganuwyvetliv

Tavs esxmis romis teritorias trapezuntSi. ariane imperators pirdeba,

rom an daimorCilebs am toms, anda gaaZevebs Tavisi qveynidan. Tu es tomi

ar emorCileba roms, unda vifiqroT, rom is kargad aris ganwyobili iberi-

is samefos mimarT, romlisganac, albaT, Zlierdeba kidec. sanebis anu drilebis

mezoblebi arian makronebi da henioxebi. ariane ar wers, amaTi mefe emor-

Cileba Tu ara roms, unda vifiqroT, rom ar emorCileba. winaaRmdeg SemTx-

vevaSi, ariane aucileblad asiamovnebda Tavis imperators da miswerda, rom

maTma mefeebma mefoba Tqvengan an Tqveni mamisgan miiReso. unda vifiqroT,

rom makronebisa da henioxebis mefeebs kavSiri aqvT farsmanis iberiis

saxelmwifosTan. ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, qarTlis samefos sazRvari

dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadioda mdinare egriswyalze. am mdinaremde ter-

itoriebi qarTlis samefos ekuTvnoda. egriswyalszemoTa qveynebi, romelT-

ac Semdgom ewoda sakuTriv afxazeTi, ar Sedioda qarTlis samefoSi. romis

imperias mouxerxebia qarTlis samefosTvis mxolod erTi tomis _ lazebis

qveynis CamoSoreba _ lazTa mefes, malasas, arianes mixedviT, samefo taxti

miuRia romis imperatorisgan. romis imperias qarTlis samefosgan miutac-

nia mxolod es teritoria. aqedanac Cans, Tu ra mtkice da Zlieri poli-

tikuri erTeuli yofila qarTlis samefo, romelic Seqmnila farnavazis

mier. TviT romis imperiis drosac ki, es samefo axerxebda Sav zRvaze

gasvlas. cxadia, romis imperiis mier kavkasiaSi agresiis dawyebamde qarT-

lis samefo SeZlebda dasavleT saqarTvelos mTeli teritoriis daWeras.

aqedanac Cans `qarTlis cxovrebis~ simarTle. Tu egriswylis aRmosav-

leTiT mcxovrebi tomebi afsilebi, abaskebi, sanigebi ar Sediodnen Zveli

qarTlis samefoSi, maSin arianes gancxadeba, rom am tomTa mefeebi romisgan


iReben taxts, gasakviri ar aris. T. yauxCiSvili iberiis saxelmwifos si-

Zlieris Sesaxeb wers (sxva momentTan dakavSirebiT): ...`ioseb flaviusis es

cnoba mniSvnelovania qarTveli mefis ganwyobilebisa da rolis gasarkve-

vad saerTaSoriso situaciaSi: romis imperatori qrTamebiT ibirebs, ver

ubrZanebs iberTa mefes parTeli mefis winaaRmdeg moqmedebas, iberTa mefes

SeuZlia ar daeTanxmos romael imperators...~203

iberiis samefoSi Semavali ZidritTa tomi, arianes mixedviT, I saukuneSi

cxovrobs Savi zRvis sanapiroze, teritoriaze, romelic moqceulia trape-

zuntis, rizesa da mdinare rions Soris, anu iq, sadac amJamad cxovroben

aWarlebi da gurulebi _ qarTebis tomebi. qarTebis SavizRvispireTSi

cxovrebas hqonda didi xnis istoria, Cans, aqve uxilavs qsenofonts xali-

bebi da taoxebi.

SesaZlebelia, erTiani qarTveli xalxis diferenciaciis dros SavizRvi-

spireTSi mcxovrebi is tomebi, romlebic Sediodnen uSualod qarTlis

mefis qveSevrdomobis qveS _ Camoyalibdnen qarTebad, manamde ki rogorc

qarTebi, aseve kolxebi (igulisxmeba zanebi) erTian eTnikur jgufs _ erT

xalxs warmoadgendnen. rogorc aRniSnuli gvqonda, amaze migviTiTebs is,

rom Tumca egriselebi (igulisxmeba zanebi) saxelganTqmuli da cnobili

xalxi iyo, maT bibliis Tavdapirvelma qristianma komentatorebma sakuTari

eTnarqi ar gamouZebnes, anu uZvelesi qristiani istorikosebi rogorc

iberebs, aseve egriselebs miiCnevdnen erTi eTnarqis STamomavlad. ufro

sworad, egriselebi erTiani iberi xalxis erT-erT tomad miaCndaT.

ioseb flaviusi wers: ̀ noes Svilebs eyolaT vaJebi, romelTa pativiscemiT

[xalxma] saxelebi daarqva tomebs, romelTa miwac amaT daiWires. iafTas, noes

Svils hyavda Svidi vaJi... iafTas Svilebi iyvnen iavanesi da madesi. madesi-

sagan warmoiSva madeebis tomi, romelic elinTagan medebad iwodebian, xolo

iavanesisgan _ ionia da yvela elinebi warmosdgebian. Teobelosma daasaxla

Teobelebi, romelTac amJamad iberebi hqviaT. mesxosma daafuZna mesxenebi,

romelTac axla kapadokielebi ewodebaT... Teiresma Teirebi daarqva xalxs,

romelsac marTavda, xolo elinebma maT Trakielebi gadaarqves~.204

berZnul-romauli samyaro, rogorc mravaljer aRiniSna, dasavleT saqarTve-

los, iseve rogorc aRmosavleTs, iberias uwodebda. ioseb flaviusic albaT

iseve, rogorc sxvebi, kolxeTs anu dasavleT saqarTvelos iberiis nawilad

miiCnevda. is wers: `iavanesisagan _ ionia da yvela elinebi warmosdgebian~.

qveyana ionia erTia, magram dasaxlebulia berZeni xalxis sxvadasxva tome-

biT, Tumca, berZeni anu elini xalxi erTiani eria. aseve iberiac erTi

qveyanaa, romelic erTi xalxis sxvadasxva tomiTaa dasaxlebuli. ioseb

flaviusi berZeni xalxis sxvadasxva tomebs ar uZebnis sxvadasxva eTnar-

qebs, aramed wers, rom ioniasa da yvela elin toms erTi eTnarqi hyavT. unda

vifiqroT, miaCndaT, rom iberiasa da misi xalxis yvela toms, maT Soris

zanebs erTi eTnarqi hyavT _ Teobelosi.


rogorc aRiniSna, gelasi kesarieli Savi zRvis piras mcxovrebad aRwers

iberielebs: `pontos gaswvriv myof qveyanaSi mcxovrebni iberni da lazni~;

rufinusi wers: ìberTa naTesavi, romelic pontos areSi binadrobs~; aseve

sokrate wers: ès iberni pontos zRvasTan binadroben~, gelasi kvizikeli

wers: `pontos gaswvriv mdebare qveynis mcxovrebma iberebma da lazebma~...205

iberieli xalxis tomebi erTad cxovroben dasavleT saqarTveloSi. maT

zogjer moixsenieben pirovnuli satomo saxeliT, xSirad ki maT iberebs

uwodeben (ara mxolod lazebs, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira

mosaxleobas).

aRsaniSnavia, rom ucxoelebi dasavleT saqarTvelosa da SavizRvispireT-

Si mcxovreb iberebs uwodeben `qvemo iberebs~, raTa isini ganasxvaon `zemo

iberebisagan~, romelnic aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, anu rogorc isini uwodeben,

`kaspiis zRvisken~ cxovrobdnen, aRsaniSnavia, rom zogjer piriqiTac uwodebd-

nen _ ̀ qvemo iberebs~ _ aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas, ̀ zemo iberebs~

_ dasavleTisas. me-4 saukunis dasawyisSi wmida ninos qristianoba gauvr-

celebia mTel qarTvel erSi, rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT saqarTveloSi,

asea ara marto `qarTlis cxovrebis~, aramed berZen da romael istoriko-

sTa mixedviTac. am istorikosTa monacemebi dabejiTebiT uwodeben wmida

ninos lazTa da iberTa gamaqristianebels. niko mari wmida ninos pirda-

pir uwodebs megrelTa gamaqristianebels. wmida nino mTeli qarTveli

eris gamaqristianebelia.

`wmida ninos rCeviT, elCoba gaugzavniaT imperator konstantinesTan da

saqarTveloSi qristianobis gavrcelebisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis mRvdlebis

gamogzavna uTxoviaT. amas aRniSnaven TavianT SromebSi sxvadasxva avtore-

bi, maT Soris: Teodorite, sokrate, sozomeni, rufinusi. ̀ saeklesio analeb-

Si~ moTxrobilia adrindel periodSi saqarTveloSi qristianobis gavr-

celebis istoria: `zemoT ukve iTqva imis Sesaxeb, rom iberiis im nawilma,

romelic pontos zRvasTan mdebareobs da kolxeTad iwodeba, saxareba jer

kidev imperator traianes dros mqadagebeli papi wm. klementis SemweobiT

miiRo. es ukanaskneli im mxareSi gadasaxlebaSi iyo, xolo ireneos mixed-

viT cxadi xdeba, rom iberebma didi xniT adre miiRes qristianuli sarwmu-

noeba, rac Seexeba qvemo iberielebs, im iberielebs, romlebic kavkasiis

mTebSi, kaspiis zRvis axlo cxovroben, Tvlian, rom maT qristianoba impera-

tor konstantines dros miiRes~.206

kolxeTi _ iberiaSi Semavali qveyanaa. istorikosi wers: _ `...iberiis im

nawilma, romelic pontos zRvasTan mdebareobs da kolxeTad iwodeba...~

kolxeTis zogadi saxeli iberiaa, xolo kerZoobiTi _ kolxeTi. kolxeTis

mcxovrebT iberielni ewodebaT. roca i. tabaRua wers: `cxadi xdeba, rom

iberebma didi xniT adre miiRes qristianuli sarwmunoeba, rac Seexeba qvemo

iberebs...~, ìberebSi~ gulisxmobs kolxeTis mosaxleobas, xolo aRmosavleT


saqarTvelos mosaxleobas is uwodebs `qvemo iberebs~. qvemo iberebi kaspiis

zRvisken cxovroben, kavkasiis mTebSi, xolo iberebi (e.i. zemo iberebi) Sav

zRvasTan cxovroben _ kolxeTSi. orive iberiis (kolxeTisa da kaspiis

iberiis) mcxovrebT ewodebaT iberielebi. kolxebi iberieli xalxis nawilia.

evropeli istorikosebi ara marto I-IV saukuneebSi yofdnen iberias or naw-

ilad _ kolxeTad da kerZo iberiad _ aramed saSualo saukuneebSic _ ̀ mTels

iberiaSi ori patriarqia, romlebsac kaTalikosebs uwodeben. erTi maTgani

qarTlis provinciaSia, xolo meore — kolxeTSi, igive samegreloSi~.207

dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas rom iberielebs uwodebdnen, kargad

Cans evagre pontoelis _ iberielis (345-399) magaliTzec, `daibada dasavleT

saqarTvelos erT-erT qalaqSi~. miuxedavad amisa, mas iberiels uwodeben.

ucxoeli avtorebi lazebs miiCneven iberieli xalxis erT-erT tomad.

`...kaspiis karebTan sakmaod mWidrod dasaxlebul iberielTaganma lazTa

tomma qristianuli sarwmunoeba miiRo,~208 _ lazebi iberieli xalxis erT-

erTi tomia, ufro sworad, lazebi iberielTaganni, iberebi arian. avtori

lazebs uwodebs ara kaspiis karebTan dasaxlebul toms, aramed sazogadod

iber xalxs. avtorma icis, rom iberi xalxis ZiriTadi masa, umetesi ricxo-

brivi nawili aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi cxovrobs (e.i. kaspiis karebTan

axlos), xolo lazTa tomi am iberielebis erTi tomia.

Sua saukuneTa istorikosebic, roca arCeven Zveli drois istorikosTa

Txzulebebs, weren, rom kolxebi iberieli xalxis erTi nawilia: `aseve

baroniusic fiqrobs, rom evqsinis pontosTan ufro axlo mcxovrebi iberebi

anu kolxebi saxarebis SuqiT traianes dros ganaTldnen~.209

dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ samegreloSi (anu iberiis zRvispira mxareSi)

swored wmida ninom rom gaavrcela qristianoba, adasturebs es amonaweric:

`amas adasturebs romauli martirologiis Semdegi sityvebi: `pontos evqsi-

nis gaRma mcxovreb iberebs aqvT xsenebis dRe wm. qristiani mona qalisa,

romelmac saswaulTa ZaliT konstantines dros es tomi qristes sarwmunoe-

baze moaqcia~.210

arqanjelo lamberti, romelic cxovrobda dasavleT saqarTveloSi da

kargad icnobda Zvel saqarTvelosa da agreTve berZen romael istoriko-

sTa cnobebs iberiis Sesaxeb, iberiaSi Semaval kuTxeebad miiCnevs imereTs.

kolxeTs, gurias _ mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos, ara marto SuasaukuneebSi,

aramed wmida ninos dros _ IV saukuneSi. misi es codna efuZneba berZen-

romael istorikosTa Sesabamisi monacemebis analizs:

`vrceldeboda ra ganuxrelad RvTis WeSmariti kulti iberiaSi, man yvela

mxareSi SeaRwia, romelic saqarTvelos mefis gavlenis qveS iyo. saxeldobr,

qarTlSi, kaxeTSi, imereTSi, kolxeTSi, guriaSi, samcxeSi, afxazeTSi...~211

ivane javaxiSvilis TvalsazrisiT, sruliad saqarTvelos erTsa da imave

dros miuRia qristianoba IV s-Si. is wers: `...qarTulma saistorio mwerlo-


bam da saeklesio wreebma wmida ninos da andria mociqulis Sesaxeb cnobe-

bi, rogorc davrwmundiT, mTeli, sruliad saqarTvelos gaqristianebis am-

bad miiCnies~. mecnieri eTanxmeba am qronologias: ̀ qronologiuradac qris-

tianobis gavrcelebis dasawyisi aRmosavleTsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi,

rogorc etyoba, erTsa da imave xans unda vigulisxmoT, am mxriv gan-

sakuTrebiT yuradRebis Rirsia gelasi kvizikelis moTxroba, mas iberTa

moqcevis ambavSi naTqvami aqvs: àmave dros pontos gaswvriv mdebare qvey-

nis mcxovrebma iberebma da lazebma RmrTis sityva, romelic manamde maT

ar swamdaT, Seiwynares~-o. gamodis, rom aRmosavleTsa da dasavleT saqarTvelos

qristianoba erTsa da imave dros miuRia... `magram am mosazrebas TiTqos

ewinaaRmdegeba is, rom sxva cnobili istorikosebi TavianT TxzulebebSi

iZlevian iberTa gaqristianebis cnobebs, magram lazTa amave dros gaqris-

tianebis Sesaxeb cnobebs ar gvawvdian. ̀ ...magram an. glass gamorkveuli aqvs,

rom lazTa amave dros moqcevis Sesaxeb cnoba ar moepoveba arc sokrates,

arc sozomens, arc Teodorite kYrels, arc nikifore kallistoss...~212

es avtorebi lazebs ar moixsenieben maTi pirovnuli satomo saxeliT,

radganac lazebi imave iberielebad miaCniaT, maTi TvalsazrisiT, lazebi

iberieli xalxis erT-erTi tomia, amitomac roca weren _ pontos sana-

piroze mcxovrebma iberebma qristianoba miiReso, es niSnavs, rom mTelma

iberebma lazebis CaTvliT miiRes qristianoba. ase magaliTad, sokrate

wers _ ès iberni pontos zRvasTan binadroben...~ pontos zRvasTan ki

swored lazebi binadrobdnen, amitom es istorikosi swored lazebs uwodebs

iberebs. rufinusi wers _ ìberTa naTesavi, romelic pontos areSi bi-

nadrobs~. es istorikosic lazebs iberieli xalxis erT-erT tomad miiCnevs.

amitomac maT ar axsenebs satomo saxeliT da gulisxmobs iberielebSi.

420 wels istorikos paladi helenopolels, romelic mowafe iyo evagre

pontoelisa, mis Sesaxeb dauweria: ìs iyo pontoeli, iberTa qalaqidan~.

mowafem, cxadia, kargad icoda Tavisi maswavleblis sadauroba. evagres

Tanamedrove istorikosi sozomenec aseve wers mis Sesaxeb: ̀ igi warmoSobiT

iyo iberTa qalaqidan, romelic mdebareobs egreT wodebuli evqsinis pon-

tos sanapiroze~. mexuTe saukunis istorikosi sokratec aseve wers: ̀ evagre,

mRvdlis Svili, warmoSobili iberTa qalaqidan, romelic evqsinis pon-

tosTan mdebareobs~.213

mexuTe saukunis istorikosebi dabejiTebiT darwmunebulni arian, rom

iberia ewodeba qveyanas, romelic SavizRvispireTSi mdebareobs, Zveli qarTve-

li istorikosebis msgavsad, romelnic SavizRvispireTs ̀ qarTlSi~ Semaval

qveynad miiCnevdnen. mxolod XVI saukunis Semdgom istorikosebs SeeparaT

eWvi evagre pontoelis Sesaxeb sabuTis sisworeSi, radganac Sua saukunee-

bis Semdgom `qarTli~ (anu iberia) ukve aRar ewodeboda erTian saqarTve-

los, aramed mxolod mis aRmosavleT nawils.


mkvlevarTa aseTi daskvnebi msgavsia mose xorenelis cnobisa, rom qarTveli

xalxis Tavdapirveli samSoblo aris dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispireTi, saidanac

maT gamravlebis gziT miaRwies somxeTisa da albaneTis sazRvrebamde.

iv. javaxiSvili wers: ̀ amgvarad, dakvirvebam dagvarwmuna, rom qarT-megruli

Stos tomebis sakuTar saxelebSi (qarTueli, karduxi) erTi da imave qveynis

saxeli gvxvdeba. igi aris qarTu anu kardu. raki am qveynis saxeli orive

Stos tomebis saxelwodebaSi moipoveba, ueWvelia, igi qarTvelebis Tavda-

pirveli samSoblo unda yofiliyo. am samSoblos xsovna mesame Stos war-

momadgenels svanebsac aqvT SerCenili~.

`karduxi, rogorc viciT, erT-erTi megrul-Wanuri Stois saxelia... es

karTu anu qarTu ganTqmuli qveyana qaldea ars...~214

Tuki karduxi, romlisganac warmodga sityva `qarTveli~, megrul-Wanuri

Stos saxelia, maSin qarTveli xalxis mosaxleoba dasavleT saqarTvelos

zRvispireTSi saeWvo ar unda iyos.

didi ilia WavWavaZe werda:

`istoriul WeSmaritebad cnobilia, rom egviptelTa `muSeni~, dabadebis

`mosoxni~ anu ̀ mosxni~, exlandelni ̀ mesxni~, herodotes ̀ tibarenni~, stra-

bonis `tiberni~ da `kolxni~ Seadgenen qarTvel naTesaobis ersa. radganac

isic WeSmaritad cnobilia, rom ZvelisZvelad am qarTvel naTesaobas sWer-

ia mTeli sivrce Ralisis mdinariTgan mcire aziaSi Savi zRvis piramde da

mTeli aRmosavleTi mxare am zRvisa da agreTve igi adgilebi, romelnic

mtkvarsa da araqss Sua mdebareoben. aSkaraa, rom visac am adgilebSi

daCemeba ram unda an qarTvelis kuTvnilebis gauqmeba moundeba, daamtkicos,

rom zemo dasaxelebulni erni qarTvelTa naTesaobisa arc iyvnen da arc

arian. swored ase moiqca Cveni guladi profesori da gveficeba, rom

`mosxebi da kolxebi~ qarTvelis naTesaobisani ar ariano da araviTars

sabuTs amisas ar iZleva ki es saocari moficari`... `me patkanovis Segirdi

varo, iZaxis TavmowonebiT b-ni mari... b-ni mari, Tumca patkanovisamebr oineb-

Si jer Tavi ar uCenia... sxvafriv ki imis gzaze damdgara~.215

ilias mrisxaneba gamoiwvia iman, rom zogierTma mecnierma usabuTod

ganacxada: dasavleT saqarTvelosa da mesxeTis mosaxleoba TiTqosda VIII-

X saukuneebamde ar Sedioda erTian qarTvel erSi, aramed TiTqosda VIII-X

saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesiis aqtiurobis wyalobiT dasavleT saqarTveloSi

qarTuli ena gavrcelebula, xolo mesxeTSi TiTqosda qalkedonituri somx-

uri mosaxleoba gaqarTvelebula. ilia wers:

`yvelgan cnobilia, rom Woroxis xeoba Zvelad-Zvelidamve Seadgens naw-

ils zemoqarTlisas... emini, xudabaSovi, ericovi swored am adgilebs gvecilebi-

an da amtkiceben, rom mtkvris saTavis adgilebi, mTeli Woroxis xeoba —

did somxeTs ekuTvnodneno~.216 evropeli mecnieri sen-marteni amtkicebs,

rom... `igi seri mTebisa, romelic Woroxisa, mtkvrisa, efratisa da araqsis


wyalgamyrelia, mudam sazRvari iyo qarTvelTa da somexTa Soris~.217 `gana

aSkara ar aris, rom am cuRlutur mecnierebiT swadianT qveyana daajeron,

viTomc istoriuli ufleba miuZRviT am adgilebSi binis dadebisa~.218 pro-

fesori patkanovi, niko maris maswavlebeli, ̀ amgvaradve xels iwvdis taosk-

arze, exlandel Woroxis xeobaze, imisda miuxedavad, rom ucxo eris mema-

tianeni, magaliTebr, konstantine porfirogeni (911-959 ww.) imowmeba, rom

meaTe saukuneze winaT qarTvelT bagratidTa eWiraT Woroxis xeoba da

aqedan daipyres TviT arzrumi da sxva nawilebi somxeTisao~.219

qarTli da qarTveli erisomexi istorikosebis mixedviT

somxuri istoriografia msoflio mniSvnelobisaa. somxebi uSualod eme-

zoblebodnen saqarTvelos, amitomac kargad icodnen, Tu vis ewodeboda qarTvele-

bi da sad cxovrobdnen isini. zogierTma somex istorikosTagan icoda qarTu-

li ena da uSualod icnobda saqarTvelos, amitomac maT azrs qarTvelebis, anu

`vracebis~ sacxovrisis Sesaxeb didi mniSvneloba unda mieces.

somxur istoriografiaSi miRebulia, rom mose xoreneli V saukunis

istorikosia. rogorc `fiqroben, movses xorenaci dabadebuli unda iyos

daaxloebiT 410 wels~.220 mas 482 wlamde unda daewera ̀ somxeTis istoria~.

`amJamad somxur istoriografiaSi uyoymanodaa miRebuli `somxeTis is-

toriis~ V saukuniT daTariReba~.221

mkvlevaris daskvna aseTia — ... xorenaci sakmaod kargad icnobda mezobel

saqarTvelos...~222 icnobda qarTul warmarTul panTeons. p. ingoroyvas azrs,

rom `...mose xoreneli axlo icnobda qarTul msoflios, man icoda qarTuli

ena...~, nawilobriv eTanxmeba a. abdalaZe. is wers: — `xorenacim qarTuli

samyaros Sesaxeb bevri ram icoda, es Cveni azriTac, sadao ar unda iyos~.223

mose xorenelma, romelmac bevri ram icoda qarTuli samyaros Sesaxeb,

romelic kargad icnobda mezobel saqarTvelos, cxadia, isic kargad icoda,

Tu sad saxloben qarTvelebi, Tu saidan sadamdea gadaWimuli maTi eTni-

kuri gansaxlebis sazRvrebi.

mose xoreneli wers, rom qarTveli xalxis Tavdapirveli sacxovrisi

kavkasiaSi iyo dasavleTi saqarTvelo, xolo Semdgom qarTvelebis sacx-

ovrisi iyo da mis dros aris rogorc dasavleTi, aseve aRmosavleTi

saqarTvelo. mose xorenelis Txzulebidan kargad Cans misi avtoris Tval-

sazrisi, rom qarTvelebi cxovroben ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi,

aramed Savi zRvispireTia (dasavleTi saqarTvelo) maTi erovnuli gansax-

lebis ZiriTadi teritoria. qarTvelebi, misi gansazRvriT, cxovroben Crdi-

loeTis mTebisa da pontos (Savi) zRvis midamoebSi. CrdiloeTis mTebi da

pontos zRva qarTvelTa naTesavs uWiravs. mose xoreneli CrdiloeTis


mTebs uwodebs kavkasiis mTebs. mose xorenelis mixedviT, somxeTis Crdilo-

eTiT mdebare teritoriebi kavkasiis SavizRvispireTidan, vidre gugarqis

CaTvliT, qarTvelebiTaa dasaxlebuli da qarTvelebs ekuTvnis. faqtobrivad,

es aris is teritoria, romelsac Zveli qarTveli istorikosebis gansazRvriT,

moicavs qarTlis saxelmwifo SavizRvispireTidan somxeT-albaneTamde.

SavizRvispireTSi da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi qarTvelebis saxlobas

mose xoreneli Semdegi mizeziT gansazRvravs:

babilonis mefem nabuqodonosorma dasavleTiT mdebare iverielTa qvey-

nidan iverielebis nawili gadmoasaxla da pontos zRvis marjvena mxares

daasaxla kavkasiaSi. SemdgomSi aleqsandre makedonelma darios III-is erT-

erTi naxarari mihrdat I am iverielebs mTavrad dausva. qristemde daax-

loebiT II saukuneSi parTiis mefe arSakma Tavisi Zma valarSaki somxeTSi

gaamefa. mas sabrZaneblad garda somxeTisa, CrdiloeTiTa da dasavleTiT

mdebare qveynebi (mxareebi) gadasca. CrdiloeTis mxareebis gamgeblad val-

arSakma daadgina qarTvelebis mTavar mihrdat I-is erT-erTi STamomavali.

CrdiloeTis mxareebis gamgeblebs gugarelTa pitiaxSebi daerqvaT.

samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom somex mematianeebs, maT Soris

mose xorenelsac, gugarqi, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas somxeTis samefos sapitiax-

Sod miiCneven, qarTul qveynebad esaxebad, xolo gugarelebi _ qarTvelebad.224

mirdatianebi, anu mihrdat I-is STamomavlebi, mTavroben rogorc SavizRvi-

spireTis, ise aRmosavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelebs.

gugarelTa da CrdiloeTis mTebis pitiaxS mihrdat II-is garda mose

xoreneli axsenebs mihrdat III-sac. is pontos zRvis ganmgebelia. qristemde

189-160 wlebSi artaSes I-ma mihrdat III-s, qarTvelTa did pitiaxSs miando

CrdiloeTis mTebisa da pontos zRvis gamgebloba.

qarTvelTa did pitiaxSs mihrdat III-s, romelic CrdiloeTis mTebisa da

pontos zRvis ganmgebeli iyo, somexTa da parTelTa mefe artaSes I-ma

miaTxova Tavisi asuli, xolo Semdgomma mefem artaSes I-is Zem tigranma

berZnebTan omis dros miando mniSvnelovani cixe-qalaqis maJaqis ganmge-

bloba, misi gansakuTrebuli strategiuli mniSvnelobis gamo, da jarebis

mxedarTmTavroba.

romaelTa mxedarTmTavarma pompeusma daamarcxa mihrdat III da tyved

Seipyro misi Ze mihrdat IV. mihrdat III gaiqca pontos mTebSi. is pompeusma

moawamvlina pontoeli pilates mamas. qalaqi maJaqi pompeusma aiRo. romSi

pompeusis dabrunebis Semdeg, misma nacvalma tigrans gaugzavna Tavisi

diswuli mihrdat IV. tigrani daeWvda, rom is ar iyo misi diswuli, amitom

ar misca arc kuTvnili qarTvelTa qveyana da arc Tavisi samflobelo _

pontos mxareSi da qalaqi maJaqi. `... aRar misca mas arc Tavisi samflobe-

los nawili da arc kuTvnili qarTvelTa qveyana~.


mose xorenelis mixedviT, ase damTavrda mihrdatianebis mTavroba qarTvele-

bze da qarTvelTa qveyanaze, samagierod, mihrdat IV-s romma daumtkica

pontos mxareni da qalaqi maJaqi. aq sainteresoa is, Tu romeli qveyana

miaCnia mose xorenels .qarTvelTa qveynad da romeli qveyana miaCnia somx-

eTSi Semavalad. mose xoreneli raRac saerTos xedavs qarTvelTa qveyanasa

da ponto-kesaria-kabadokias Soris, TiTqosda ponto-kesariasac qarTvelTa

qveynad miiCnevs, magram is mkacrad sazRvravs da wers, rom qarTveli

mTavrebis kuTvnili qveyana aris ara pontos mxareni da ponto-kesaria,

aramed teritoria, romelic iwyeba pontos zRvidan kavkasiis, anu Crdilo-

eTis mTebis CaTvliT gugarqTan erTad. somxeTis CrdiloeTiT moTavsebuli

es teritoria kavkasiis SavizRvispireTidan vidre gugarqis CaTvliT mihr-

datianebis ̀ kuTvnili~ teritoriaa _ radganac es qarTvelTa qveyanaa, xolo

sakuTriv pontos mxareni da kesaria mose xorenels miaCnia somexTa mefis

samflobelos nawilad, am mefis `Tavis samflobelod~, sadac mniSvnelovani

cixe-qalaqi maJaqi droebiT omianobis gamo saganmgeblod gadasca somxeTis

mxedarTmTavars, qarTvelTa mTavars mirdat III-s, xolo mirdat IV-s ukve aRar

gadasca. Cans, mose xorenelma icis, rom pontos mxareebi, kesaria-kabadokia

qarTvelebiTaa dasaxlebuli, magram mainc es mxare qarTvelTa mefis `saku-

Tar~ qveynad ar miaCnia, aramed somxebis teritoriad, xolo qarTvelebis

mkvidr sacxovrisad miaCnia somxeTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare teritoria pon-

tos zRvidan, anu kavkasiis SavizRvispireTidan albaneT-somxeTamde.

mose xorenelis mihrdat III-is da miTridate pontos mefis cxovreba

marTlac hgavs erTmaneTs. oriveni tigranis mokavSireni arian, oriveni

pontos floben, sicocxles mowamvliT asruleben, amitomac SeiZleba miTri-

dates legenda mose xorenelma qarTvelTa mTavarze gaavrcela, miT umetes,

rom rogorc ponto-kapadokia, ise somxeTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare qarTli _

qarTvelebis qveynebi iyo. magram miuxedavad amisa, rogorc aRvniSneT, mose

xorenelma dabejiTebiT icis, rom qarTvelebis ̀ sakuTari~ sacxovrisi qvey-

ana aris ara pontos mxareebi, e.i. somxeTis dasavleTiT mdebare qveyana,

aramed somxeTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare qveyana pontos zRvidan gugarqis

CaTvliT. am istorikosis mixedviT, swored aq, pontos zRvispirze, kavkasiaSi

daasaxla nabuqodonosorma datyvevebuli qarTveli-iverielebi, pontos zRvis

aRmosavleTiT (e.i. istoriul kolxeTSi) da ara pontos mxareebSi (e.i.

ponto-kesaria-kapadokiaSi). mose xoreneli pontos zRvis aRmosavleTiT,

CrdiloeTis mTebTan mimdebare qveyanas (kolxeTs) qarTvelTa Tavdapirvel

sacxovriss uwodebs da ganasxvavebs pontos mxareebisgan.

mose xoreneli wers:

`...xolo kavkasiis mTis mopirdapire mxares, CrdiloeTis ganmgeblad daad-

gina didi da Zlevamosili gvari, romlis ufalT gugarelTa pitiaxSebi

daerqvaT. isini iyvnen STamomavalni darehis naxararis mihrdatisa, romel-


ic wamoiyvana aleqsandrem da mTavrad dausva nabuqodonosoris mier tyved

moyvanil iverielTa modgmas, amis Sesaxeb abidenosi ambobs: ̀ Zlevamosilma

nabuqodonosorma, romelic herakleze ufro Ronieri iyo, Sehyara jari da

miaRwia libielTa, agreTve iverielTa qveynebs, Semusra da daimorCila

isini. maTi erTi nawili wamoasxa iqidan da pontos zRvis marjvena mxares

daasaxla. iveria qveynierebis dasavleT sazRvarze mdebareobs~.225

aqedan Cans, rom mose xorenels iverielTa sacxovrisad miaCnia qveyana

kavkasiis mTis wina mxares, pontos zRvidan gugarqis CaTvliT, CrdiloeTis

teritoriebi, es aris istoriuli iberia-qarTli SavizRvispireTidan alba-

neT-somxeTamde.

pontos zRvis aRmosavleTi, kavkasiis SavizRvispireTi qarTvelTa qveynad

rom miaCnia mose xorenels, es misi istoriis sxva qveTavidanac Cans: _

`artaSesma Tavisi asuli artaSama miaTxova vinme mihrdats, qarTvelTa did

pitiaxSs, romelic rogorc zemoT iTqva, aleqsandrem iverielTa qveynidan

moyvanil tyveebis xelisuflad daadgina. somexTa mefem mihrdats miando

CrdiloeTis mTebisa da pontos zRvis ganmgebloba~.226

`CrdiloeTis mTebi da pontos zRva~ _ es aris teritoria kavkasiis

SavizRvispireTidan _ kolxeTidan _ vidre gugarqis CaTvliT _ istoriu-

li iberia-qarTli. sul sxvaa `pontos mxareebi~, sadac gaiqca damarcxebu-

li mirdat III. es aris kesaria-kabadokia. pontos mxareebis meTvalyureoba

cixe-qalaq maJaqTan erTad CrdiloeTis mTebisa da pontos zRvis gamgebel

mirdat III-s miando misma colisZmam, somxeTis mefe tigranma, droebiT, omi-

anobis gamo.

cnoba kavkasiis Savi zRvis piras iberebis dasaxlebis Sesaxeb mose

xorenels auRia antikuri avtorebisgan _ ̀ movsess es cnoba amouRia evsevi

kesarielis `qronikis~ Zveli somxuri Targmanidan, evsevi kesariels, Tavis

mxriv, Semounaxavs megasTenes cnoba. antikur samyaroSi farTod yofila

gavrcelebuli azri imis Sesaxeb, rom aRmosavleTis (kavkasiis) iberebi

dasavleTis iberiidan (espaneTidan) gadmosaxldnen~.227 am SeniSvnidanac

Cans, rom pontos zRvis piras mcxovrebi iberebi cxovroben kavkasiaSi _

kolxeTSi, anu kavkasiis SavizRvispireTSi da ara pontos mxareebSi, anu

somxeTis dasavleTiT.

qarTvelebis sacxovrisis sakiTxSi mose xorenels eTanxmeba meore somexi

istorikosi _ uxtanesi. isic Savi zRvis piras mcxovreb xalxs qarTvelebs

(vracebs) uwodebs, xolo TviT qveyanas _ afxazeTs.

rogorc vTqviT, mose xoreneli qarTvelebis Tavdapirvel samSoblod

asaxelebs kolxeTs. da qarTvelebis sacxovriss gansazRvravs kavkasiis

SavizRvispireTidan gugarqis CaTvliT. ismis kiTxva, ratom gansazRvra man

dasavleT saqarTvelo vracebis sacxovrisad, iq xom ara vracebi, aramed

megrelebi saxloben (Cveni Tanamedrove istorikosebis gansazRvriT)? am


kiTxvas amJamindeli istorikosebi upasuxeben, rom mose xorenelma aseTi

cnoba (dasavleT saqarTveloSi, zRvis piras qarTvelebis cxovrebis Sesax-

eb) aiRo sxva berZen-romaeli avtorebisgan, magram mose xoreneli kargad

icnobda qarTul samyaros, icnobda saqarTvelos, icoda misi miTologia da

religia, da nuTu saqarTvelos aseTma mcodne kacma ar icoda qarTvelebis

samSoblos sazRvrebi? anda momTxovni da kritikulad moazrovne sxva

somexi istorikosebi misi droisa da Semdgomi Taobisa, romelnic aseve

kargad icnobdnen saqarTvelos, qarTvel xalxs, apatiebdnen xorenels aseT

ucodinarobas? mose xoreneli qarTvelebad miiCnevs rogorc megrelebs, aseve

gugarqis mosaxleobas _ gugarelebs, rogorc dasavleT saqarTvelos, aseve

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ukiduresi aRmosavleTi nawilis mosaxleobas.

unda davaskvnaT, rom mose xoreneli, Zveli qarTveli da antikuri epoqis

berZen-romaeli istorikosebis msgavsad, qarTvelTa sacxovriss gansazRvravs

istoriul qarTlSi _ iberiaSi, romlis politikuri sazRvrebi gadioda

Sav zRvasa da hereTze. is kolxebs, megrelebs erovnebiT qarTvelebad

miiCnevs, msgavsad uxtanesisa.

uxtanesi pontos, anu SavizRvispira qveyanas afxazeTs uwodebs, xolo

afxazeTis mcxovrebT _ qarTvelebs. uxtanesis mixedviT, vracebi anu qarTvele-

bi Tavdapirvelad dausaxlebiaT Savi zRvis sanapiroze, Semdgom qarTveli

xalxi gamravlebula mTels SavizRvispireTSi, modebia mTel im mxares,

aRorZinebula, gavrcelebula da dasaxlebula aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi,

kerZod, somexTa da albanTa sazRvramde. is wers:

`xolo pontos napirze rom dabanakda, is tomi aRorZinda, gamravlda zRvis

piras aqeT-iqiT, moedo im mxares da gavrcelda somexTa da albanTa sazRvramde.

Seiqmna friad mravali xalxi da im qveyanas afxazeTi ewodeba...~228

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom afxazeTi upirveles yovlisa dasavleT

saqarTvelos ewodeba, e.i. uxtanesi qarTvelebs dasavleT saqarTveloSi

mcxovrebadac miiCnevs, magram istorikosi ..afxazeTs~ uwodebs ara mxolod

dasavleT saqarTvelos, aramed mTlian saqarTvelos, istoriul `qarTls~,

iberias _ pontos zRvidan vidre albaneT-somxeTamde. Tbilissac afxazeTis

qalaqad miiCnevs da CamoTvlis kidec Tbilisis garSemo mdebare provin-

ciebs _ ̀ wanareTi, javaxeTi, TrialeTi~. es provinciebic ̀ afxazeTSi~ Sedi-

an. afxazeTis mosaxleobas ki uxtanesi uwodebs ara `afxazebs~ anda

`megrelebs~, aramed vracebs _ qarTvelebs _ `iTesles da gamravldnen da

gaxda tomi, romelsac Tavis pirvel qveyanaSi iverias uwodebdnen, aq ki

qarTvelni ewodebaT~.

uxtanesis mixedviT, mTliani saqarTvelos mosaxleobas Savi zRvidan

vidre albaneT-somxeTamde Seadgenen qarTvelebi. igi megrelebsac qarTvelebad

miiCnevs. erovnulad megrelebi qarTvelebi arian, Tumca, SeiZleba maT sato-

mo saxelic hqondeT. uxtanesi wers, rom ara marto mis dros cxovrobs


qarTveli xalxi SavizRvispireTidan somxeT-albaneTis sazRvramde, aramed

Zvel drosac, jer kidev qristemde, aseve yofila. vracebi qristemde VI

saukuneSi dausaxlebiaT SavizRvispireTSi, Semdeg gamravlebulan da somx-

eT-albaneTamde miuRweviaT. qarTvelebis qveyanas Savi zRvidan albaneTamde

afxazeTi hqvia.

mose xoreneli, rogorc aRniSnuli gvqonda, aseve miiCnevs: `kavkasiis

mTis win mdebare CrdiloeTis mxareTmpyrobelad awesebs didsa da Zlier

toms...~ mose xoreneli gulisxmobs qarTvel xalxs, romelTa mTavars aqvs

wodeba ̀ gugarelTa pitiaxSisa~, xolo es qarTvelebi anu iverielebi kavkasiis

mTis win CrdiloeTSi gaCenilan imis gamo, rom jer SavizRvispireTSi dasax-

lebulan, xolo Semdgom gamravlebulan ̀ pontos zRvis marjvena napiridan~

aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT albaneTis sazRvramde.

uxtanesis TvalsazrisiT, dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas ara marto

mis epoqaSi, e.i. X saukuneSi, ewodeboda qarTvelebi, aramed kirionis drosac,

e.i. VI saukunis bolosa da VII-is dasawyisSi. is wers, rom `maTi qveyana

gayofili iyo sparselTa da berZenTa mxared~229 da amis gamo maTi saeklesio

politika sparsulic iyo da imavdroulad berZnulico. marTlac, kirionis

epoqaSi dasavleT saqarTvelo berZnebis, xolo aRmosavleTi sparselebis

gavlenis sferoebs warmoadgendnen. miuxedavad amisa, am politikurad gay-

ofil mxareebSi erTi eri, erTi xalxi cxovrobs, romelsac erTi eklesia

aqvs da saeklesio da erovnuli politikac Sesabamisi aqvso. qarTvelTa

qveyana erTia, romelic or mxared iyo gayofili dampyrobelTa mier. unda

davaskvnaT, rom Zveli somexi istorikosebi, ise rogorc berZen-romaeli da

qarTveli istorikosebi qarTvelebs anu iberebs uwodebdnen rogorc aRmo-

savleT, aseve dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas X-XI saukuneebze bevrad

ufro adre.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ simarTle

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tvalsazriss, rom erTiani qarTveli xalxi (`qarT-

velni~, `naTesaviT qarTvelni~) arsebobda qristemde III saukuneSi, iberiis

saxelmwifos Seqmnis dros, arapirdapir, magram mainc amtkiceben XIX-XX

saukunis istorikosTa gamokvlevebi. mkvlevarTa mtkicebiT, qarTvelni anu

iberni ewodeboda ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos centraluri nawi-

lis mosaxleobas, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas da aRmosav-

leT saqarTvelos ukiduresi aRmosavleTis mosaxleobasac, magaliTad, cno-

bili mecnieri ioseb yifSiZe iveriul enas megrul enas, xolo megrelebs

iverielebs uwodebs. aseTive dasaTaureba aqvs mis wignsac — `gramatika

megruli (iveriuli) enisa~. niko marsac miaCnda, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo-

Si iberielni cxovrobdnen da swored megrelebs ewodebodaT iberni. `...n.


mari amtkicebda, rom iberiad unda aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo ki ar vigulisx-

moT, rogorc Cveulebriv miRebuli iyo, aramed dasavleTi saqarTvelo, sax-

eldobr, samegrelo da megrelebi...~230 mas miaCnda, rom ̀ am megrelTa tomis

saxeli berZnebma aRmosavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelebsac uwodes~.231

sxva azri aqvs gamoTqmuli s. kakabaZes. misi azriT, `is tomi, romelsac

berZnebi da romaelebi uwodebdnen iberielebs, qarTuli gamoTqmiT iwodeba

herebad~.232

`zemoTmoyvanili amonawerebidan irkveva, rom Tu prof. n. marma iberni

`megrelebad~... aqcia, s. kakabaZem igive iberni `herebad~... gaxada~.233

k. kekeliZe, Cans, aerTianebs am or Tvalsazriss iberiis sazRvrebis Sesax-

eb. strabonis cnobis moyvanis Semdgom, k. kekeliZe s. kakabaZis azrs imeo-

rebs, rom SesaZlebelia iberebis aRmosavleTSi gadmonacvleba II s-is gasuls

momxdariyo~, ̀ SeuqmniaT sakmaod Zlieri samefo, romelsac klasikuri mwer-

lebi iberias uwodebdnen, somxebi ki virqs, rac igive iberiaa~, ̀ qarTveluri

saxeli am samefoisa unda iyos hereTi~.234 Cans, k. kekeliZe eTanxmeba berZen-

romael istorikosTa cnobebs, rom iberebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi mosax-

leoben, magram miaCnia, rom dasavleT saqarTvelodan es iberebi aRmosav-

leT saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebulan II saukunis Semdeg. iv. javaxiSvili

ar amtkicebs, rom II saukunemde dasavleT saqarTvelos iberia ar ewodebo-

da, magram miaCnia, rom strabonis Semdgom iberia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

saxelia _ `strabonis droidan moyolebuli mainc yvela berZeni da romae-

li mwerlebis cnobebis wyalobiT sruli ueWvelobiT irkveva, rom iberia

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saxeli iyo...~235

oTx gamoCenil mecniers iberiisa da qarTvelTa Sesaxeb erTmaneTisagan

mkveTrad gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi aqvT. n. mari Tvlida, rom iberia _

samegreloa, kakabaZis mixedviT, iberia _ hereTia, iv. javaxiSvilis mixedviT,

iberia _ aRmosavleTi saqarTveloa, k. kekeliZis mixedviT ki, iberia aRmo-

savleT saqarTvelos Crdilo nawilia _ hereTTan erTad, xolo `qarTli~

ki Tbilisis samxreTiT mdebare nawils ewodeboda.

am oTxi mecnieris Tvalsazriss aerTianebs `qarTlis cxovreba~, romlis

mixedviTac, iberia anu qarTli ewodeboda rogorc dasavleT saqarTvelos,

ise aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, xolo ̀ qarTvelni~ ewodebaT rogorc megrelebs,

aseve qarTebs. qarTveli eri erTiania, qarTvelTa samSoblos qarTli anu

iberia hqvia, romelzedac Tavis iurisdiqcias axorcielebs qarTuli ekle-

sia warmoqmnis droidan. qarTlis samefos saxelmwifo sazRvari dasavleT-

Si gadis mdinare egriswyalze da Sav zRvaze, xolo aRmosavleTSi al-

baneTTan. Tanamedrove mecnierTa gamokvlevebma Tumca arapirdapir, magram

mainc daadastures `qarTlis cxovrebis~ uZvelesi cnoba, rom qarTli VIII

saukunemdec ewodeboda saqarTvelos daaxloebiT dRevandel sazRvrebSi,

xolo qarTvelni — erTian qarTvel ers, ueWvelad megrelebis CaTvliT.


amas adasturebs berZen-romael-somex istorikosTa monacemebi, ris mixedvi-

Tac iberia dasavleT saqarTvelos ewodeboda. magram Cven viciT, rom

iberia ewodeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelosac. rCeba erTi daskvna _ iberia

ewodeba ara marto aRmosavleT, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelosac, iberi-

elni cxovroben ara marto dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSic, radganac qarTveli (iberi) eri eTnikurad erTiania. qarTveli

eri qristianobamde kulturuladac rom erTiani yofila, es gamorkveuli

aqvs ivane javaxiSvils. is qristianobamdel megrelebs, svanebs, Wanebs, aRmo-

savleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobasTan erTad qarTvelebs uwodebda. ivane

javaxiSvili darwmunebuli iyo, rom jer kidev qristianobamde qarTveli

eri rogorc eTnikurad, aseve kulturulad erTiani eri iyo. is werda:

`akad. n. mari misayvedurebs, rom megrelebs, svanebs da afxazebs me qarTvelebs

vuwodeb da pontosa da frigiis erebi TiTqos qarTvelebadac ki miqcevia.

afxazebs me qarTvelTa monaTesaved vTvli, magram qarTvelebs ar vuwodeb.

rac Seexeba megrelebsa da svanebs da davumateb Wanebsac, maT marTlac

qarTvel tomebad vTvli da vuwodeb...~236

`qarTvel ers Tavisi mravalsaukunovani saxelmwifoebrivi da samwerlo

enac hqonda da abadia exlac, romelic, rogorc es TviT akad. n. marsac

kargad moexseneba da TviTonac ara erTxel daudasturebia, megrelebisa da

svanebisaTvisac erTaderTi samwerlobo da kulturis ena iyo da aris

exlac, romlis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSic megrelebsa da svanebsac TavianTi wv-

lili aqvT Setanili~.237

`qarTuli ena qarTlel-kaxel-imerel-gurulebisa da megrel-svanebisTvis

saerTo enaa, magram igi, rogorc winaT egonaT, TiTqos qristianobis xanisa

da garkveuli saxelmwifoebriobis Semoqmedebis nayofia. arsebobda ki, .qris-

tianobis winaT aseTi saerTo niadagi qarTveli eris saerTo warmarTuli

sarwmunoebrivi SemoqmedebisaTvis, iyo Tu ara aseTi saerTo Semoqmedeba,

erTi sityviT, arsebobda Tu ara yvela qarTvel tomTaTvis, maT Soris

megrelTa da svanTaTvisac saerTo qarTuli warmarToba?~238

iv. javaxiSvilma gamoikvlia, rom jer kidev qristianobamde erTian qarTvel

ers, megrel-svanebis CaTvliT, hqonia ara marto eTnikuri erToba, aramed

hqonia saerTo qarTuli warmarTuli sarwmunoeba da, rac mTavaria, saerTo

saxelmwifo ena da kultmsaxurebis enac saerTo yofila — qarTuli ena.

jer kidev qristianobamde qarTveli eri kulturul sarwmunoebrivadac

erTiani yofila. es daskvnac savsebiT eTanxmeba `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesa-

bamis monacemebs da adasturebs `qarTlis cxovrebis~ simarTles.

iv. javaxiSvili wers — `aramc Tu sazogado qarTuli, yvela qarTvel

tomTaTvis, maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvisac, saerTo warmarToba arse-

bobda, aramed rom am warmarTobas saerTo terminologiac, saerTo enac

qarTuli hqonia~.239


cxadia, Tuki warmarTobis dros megrelebisa da svanebis kultmsaxurebis

ena qarTuli iyo, qristianobis miRebis Semdegac qarTuli iqneboda wirva-

locvis ena. iv. javaxiSvils gamorkveuli aqvs, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo

IV saukuneSi gaqristianebula aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTan erTad. aqedan

Cans, rom ukve IV saukunedan qristianuli wirva-locvis ena samegrelosa

da svaneTSi aris qarTuli ena (qristianuli mrevlisaTvis). `gelasi kYz-

ikelis danarTi cnoba, rom iberebma da lazebma erTsa da imave dros

miiRes qristianoba, arsebiTad swori gamodis im mxriv, rom dasavleT

saqarTveloSic IV saukunis damdegidan qristianobas gza gakvleuli unda

hqonoda~,240 iv. javaxiSvilis gamokvlevas, rom dasavleT saqarTvelom IV

saukuneSi miiRo qristianoba, amtkicebs arqeologiuri kvleva-Zieba, kerZod,

cixe-gojis gaTxrebi, sadac aRmoCenil iqna IV saukunis saeklesio nage-

bobani, ramac saSualeba misca mkvlevarebs gaekeTebinaT daskvna, rom dasav-

leTi saqarTvelo gaqristianda ara VI saukuneSi, aramed bevrad ufro

adre.241

iv. javaxiSvilis Tvalsazrisi dasavleT saqarTvelos gaqristianebis

Sesaxeb eTanxmeba `qarTlis cxovrebis~ monacemebs, rom wmida ninos dros

mirian mefem qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamoacxada mTel qarTlSi

da ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. qarTli am dros iwyeboda mdinare

egriswylidan da Savi zRvidan da vrceldeboda albaneTamde. amitomac

eklesia wmida ninos miiCnevs ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos gan-

manaTleblad, aramed mTeli qarTveli eris, e. i. megrelebisa da svanebis

ganmanaTlebladac. rogorc andria pirvelwodebuli ara marto megreleb-

isa da mesxebis ganmanaTlebelia, romelTa Sorisac is moRvaweobda, aramed

mTeli qarTveli erisa, radganac rogorc andria mociqulis, aseve wmida

ninos dros erTiani qarTveli eri ukve Camoyalibebuli iyo, hqonda erTiani

saxelmwifo da kultmsaxurebis ena.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ simarTles, rom wmida nino mTeli qarTveli eris

ganmanaTlebelia, dabejiTebiT adasturebs berZen-romael istorikosTa mtkice-

bani, rom wmida nino ganmanaTlebelia pirvel yovlisa dasavleT saqarTvelosi

da mTeli iberiisa, romlis nawilic iyo dasavleT saqarTvelo. es istoriko-

sebi TiTqmis Tanamedroveni iyvnen wmida ninosi, misgan 50-100 wliT daSore-

bulni, romelTac wmida ninosa da iberiis Sesaxeb sando wyaroebi hqondaT.

berZnul-laTinur `iberias~ Zvel qarTul istoriul geografiaSi farn-

vazidan VIII saukunis Sua wlebamde Seesabameboda termini `qarTli~ da is

aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erTobliobas aRniSnavda. amitomac ̀ qarT-

lis cxovreba~ Tu `qarTlis moqceva~ gamoxatavda ara sakuTriv qarTlis

mdgomareobas, aramed erTiani saqarTvelosas, maT Soris egrisisac.


saerTo qarTuli koine ena

amJamad miRebulia Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviTac ar arsebobda saer-

To ena, romelzedac laparakobdnen aRmosavleT saqarTvelosa da dasav-

leT saqarTvelos qarTvelebi.

`...Zvel saqarTveloSi, Tu aviRebT qveyanas mTlianad, ver Seiqmna verc

koine da verc lingva franka — erTic da meorec qarTlSi arsebobda.

dasavlur qarTulma tomebma Zveli qarTuli samwerlobo eniT sargebloba

ganviTarebuli Suasaukuneebidan daiwyes~.242

iv. javaxiSvili sruliad gansxvavebuli azrisaa amis Sesaxeb. misi azriT,

rogorc qarTebi, aseve megrelebi da svanebi jer kidev qristianobis damkvi-

drebamde sakulto wesebsa da Cveulebebs aRasrulebdnen saerTo enaze da

es iyo qarTuli ena. is werda: `cxadi gaxdeba, rom aramcTu sazogado

qarTuli, yvela qarTvel tomTaTvis, maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvisac

saerTo warmarToba arsebobda, aramed rom am warmarTobas saerTo termi-

nologiac, saerTo enac qarTuli hqonia~.

aqedan Cans, rom Tu yvela qarTvel toms rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasav-

leT saqarTveloSi saerTo ena hqonda, es ena koine ena iyo.

SeuZlebelia dasavlur qarTvel tomebs ar scodnodaT qarTuli ena, im

mizezis gamo, rom rogorc axali arqeologiuri Zieba adasturebs, dasav-

leT saqarTvelos didi nawili uZveles dros swored qarTulenovani tomebiT

yofila dasaxlebuli. o. lorTqifaniZe wers: ̀ amrigad, mesxuri, e.i. qarTis

enovani (da dRevandeli imerlebisa da gurulebis) winapari tomebis damkvi-

dreba dRevandel dasavleT saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze Zv.w.aR-is III-II sauku-

neebidan maincaa savaraudebeli~.243 rogorc mravalgzis aRiniSna, straboni

dasavleT saqarTvelos ukidures, TiTqmis zRvispira mxares — rionis

dablobis nawils — `mosxTa .qveyanas~ uwodebs. Zveli istorikosebi la-

zebs (megrelebs) iberebs uwodebdnen. sokrate wers: `iberni pontos zRvas-

Tan binadroben~, rufinusi wers: `iberTa naTesavi, romelic pontos areSi

binadrobs~, evagre pontoeli, Tumca, dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira qalaqSi

daibada, mas mainc iberiels uwodeben. zRvispireTSi mcxovreb egrisis

mosaxleobas (megrelebs) uwodebdnen iberebs, cxadia, aRmosavleT saqarTvelo-

Si mcxovreb iberebTan erTad. mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas

iberebs uwodebdnen, Tumca maT satomo saxelebic _ `lazebi~ an `svanebi~

hqondaT. strabonma icis, rom ̀ svanebi~ aris kerZo satomo saxeli. zogadad

svanebi iberebi arian, straboni svanebis Sesaxeb wers: `zogierTebi maT

iberebs uwodeben~.244

mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas, maT Soris lazebsa da sv-

anebsac, iberebs anu qarTvelebs uwodebdnen jer kidev CvenSi qristianobis

damkvidrebamde. bunebrivia, am erTian xalxs _ iberielebs _ saerTo enac

hqondaT, risi niSnebi aRmoaCina kidec ivane javaxiSvilma.


`qarTlis cxovreba~, `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~, yvela ZvelqarTuli qronika

Tu sabuTi dabejiTebiT miuTiTebs, rom vrcel teritorias SavizRvispire-

Tis mdinare egriswylidan vidre albaneTis sazRvramde ewodeboda qarTli

anu iberia, xolo mis mosaxleobas ganurCevlad tomobrivi kuTvnilebisa,

kaxeli iqneboda is Tu klarji, megreli Tu svani, ewodeboda qarTveli, rom

qarTuli ena am qveyanaSi erTaderT saerTo-koine enad daakanona mefe

farnavaz I-ma.

SemorCenilia xalxuri gadmocemebic ki saerTo qarTuli koine enis

arsebobis Sesaxeb. ai, kerZod, ra weria amis Sesaxeb wignSi ̀ osmaleTis yof.

saqarTvelos da qarTvel mahmadianTa nawili lazistani~.

liganis murRulis xeobaSi da sxvaganac, qarTvel mahmadianTa Soris

lazebze daSTenilia bevrnairi gardamocemani... naambobia TviT lazel

moxucebul xojiebisagan 1895 wels... lazebi, Wanebi da megrelebi erTni

vyofilvarT... samiv am saxelwodebis xalxis ena yofila erTi _ lazuri,

anu megruli, romeli enac maSin gavrcelebuli iyo mTel Savi zRvis na-

pirebzed. es ena lazebs garda Turme qarTvelebsac kargad esmodaT.

yoveli lazi Tavisuflad elaparakeboda imerels, qarTvels da sxvebsac,

radganac amaTac esmodaT Turme maSin Cveni ena, amisTvis Zveli kacebi

ityodnen Semdegs. `...lazuri ena qarTvelebsac kargad esmodaT. lazebmac

icodnen qarTuli da ZvelaT Turme am oriv xalxSi TiTqmis yvela sityvebi

erTnairad ixmareboda, imitom esmodaT yvelaferi erTmaneTis...~245 `ZvelaT

yvelam icoda zepir, rom lazi, Wani, megreli da qarTveli erTi Zmebi

arian, erTi dedmamisSvilni da erTi enis xalxio. dRes ase aRar gax-

lavT~.246 ̀ aris aseTi istoriuli gadmocemac: lazel-Wanel-megrelebi scx-

ovrobdnen Savi zRvis napiras mdebare qalaqebSi da soflebSi. JamTa

viTarebis wyalobiT lazeb-Waneb-megrelebs daaviwydaT qarTuli enis xmareba

da igini gadasxvaferdnen qarTulis enisagan~.247

ras miuTiTebs asi wlis win Cawerili Tqmulebebi, Tu ara imas, rom

xalxis xsovnaSi darCenila mogoneba Zvel dros arsebuli koine enis

Sesaxeb. Zalze sayuradRebo aRsaniSnavi faqtia is, rom Tanamedrove mec-

nieruli kvleva-Zieba amzeurebs saerToqarTuli koine enis arsebobis dam-

adasturebel axal masalebs. am mxriv sainteresoa mkvlevar z. Tandilavas

aRmoCenebi lazur teqstebze muSaobisas. jer kidev ivane javaxiSvili

werda, rom arsebobda saerTo qarTuli warmarTuli sarwmunoeba, romlis

kultmsaxureba aResruleboda saerTo qarTul enaze, amJamad ki aRmoCnda,

rom kultmsaxurebisaTvis saerTo teqstis poeturi sazomi iyo cxramarcv-

lianoba. es metruli sistema saerTo iyo rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasav-

leT saqarTvelosaTvis. daviT gogoWuri wers: `...gaanalizebuli masalebis

mixedviT dgindeba, rom mTiblurebSi... SeniSnuli cxramarcvlianoba... uZve-

lesi qarTuli miTologiuri teqstebis sazomia da rogorc metruli sistema


mTel warmarTul-sakulto Janrebs moicavs... xelTa gvaqvs qristianobamde-

li qarTuli leqsis uZvelesi sazomi, romelic moicavs mTel sasuliero,

warmarTul-ritualur teqstebs, sayuradReboa, rom am bolo xans Cvengan

damoukideblad egeve sazomi lazur saritualo teqstebSic daadgina mkv-

levarma z. Tandilavam~.248

axladaRmoCenili masalebi mkvlevarebs saSualebas aZlevs ilaparakon

`saerTo koine enis~ Sesaxeb.

xalxuri poeziis kvlevisas aRmoCnda, rom es poezia efuZneba ara di-

aleqtebs, rogorc aqamde iyo aRiarebuli, aramed saerTo qarTul koine

enaze aris Seqmnili. amis Sesaxeb mkvlevari avTandil arabuli wers:

`saqme is aris, rom xalxur poeziaSi dialeqtebis sxvaoba mkveTrad aris

nivelirebuli, xalxuri leqsebis enobrivi safuZveli dialeqti ar aris

...xalxuri poezia ueWveli sabuTia imisa, rom istoriulad Camoyalibebula

saerTo xalxuri poeturi ena, romelic, marTalia, detalebs adgilobrivi

kuTxuri metyvelebidan Tamamad iRebs, roca amis aucileblobaa, magram poet-

uri saTqmelis mTlian arqiteqturas xsenebuli saerTo koine-eniT qmnis~.249

xalxur poezias CvenTvis Semounaxavs saerTo qarTuli koine enis arse-

bobis damadasturebeli niSnebi.

am mxriv, saerTo qarTuli koine enis arsebobis mtkicebis uflebas gva-

Zlevs megruli saweso simRera `mze Sinao~. ivane javaxiSvili brZanebda,

rom Zvelad samegreloSi axalwlis Sexvedris saweso rituali aResrule-

boda qarTul enaze, ̀ mzeSinaos~ saweso simRera samegreloSi aResrulebo-

da ara megrul, aramed qarTul enaze. es simRera samegreloSi Sesulia ara

aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan, aramed mas megrul musikalur folklorSive

moeZebneba ganviTarebuli variantebi, amitomac es uZvelesi megruli simR-

era, ufro zustad ̀ saerTo-koine~, saerTo qarTuli, warmarTobisdroindeli

simReraa. `mze Sinaos~ megruli musikaluri varianti mniSvnelovania im

mxriv, rom igi saerTod dRemde cnobili `mze Sinaos~ musikaluri teqste-

bis yvelaze uZvelesi nimuSia. rac, Tavis mxriv, megrul musikalur folk-

lorSi am simReris xnierebaze miuTiTebs. megruli `mze Sinao~ qarTuli

xalxuri simRerebis intonaciur-harmoniuli ganviTarebis erT-erTi uZve-

lesi safexuris amsaxvelia~.250

rogorc aRvniSneT, megruli ̀ mze Sinao~ qarTul enaze sruldeba. simRe-

ris Camweri wers _ `megruli `mze Sinao~ qarTul enaze sruldeba: `mze

Sinao, mze Sinao, mze Sin Semodio~. misi varianti, romelic samegreloSi

CavwereT, Semdegia, ̀ mze Sina da mze Sinao, mzev Sin Semodio, mzevSi mama Sin

ar iyo, mzev Sin Semodio, sanadirod wasula da irems mosWris Tavsao~.

megrul enaze ̀ mze Sinaos~ teqsts dResdReobiT ver mivakvlieT. mTxrobel-

Ta miTiTebiT, `mze Sinao~ samegreloSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan aris

gavrcelebuli~.251 es rom ase ar aris da ̀ mze Sinao~ samegreloSi aRmosav-


leT saqarTvelodan ar aris gavrcelebuli, imave mTxroblebis aRniS-

vnidanac Cans: `am simReras ukanasknel xans asrulebdnen religiur

dResaswaulebSi ferxulis saxiT~. es ki mkvlevars afiqrebinebs, rom ̀ mze Sina

da mze gareTas~ sagalobeli, romelic mzis kults ukavSirdeba, Tavdapirve-

lad axaldabadebulis mimarT wriuli ferxulis saxiT sruldeboda~.252

Tuki es simRera mzis kultisadmi, anu warmarTuli, qristianobamdeli

RvTaebisadmia miZRvnili, rogorRa SeuZlia Tanamedrove mTxrobels gan-

sazRvros, qristianobamde es simRera samegreloSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan

Sevida, Tu adgilobrivi, saerTo qarTuli simRera iyo? amitomac mTxrobe-

lis azrs, rom es simRera samegreloSi garedan aris Sesuli, yuradReba ar

unda mieqces, miT umetes, rom megruli ̀ mzeSinao~ safuZvlad dasdebia sxva

kuTxeTa amave simRerebs. mkvlevari wers: ̀ megruli ̀ mze Sinaos~ musikaluri

teqsti Zalze axlos dgas gurul `mze Sina da mze garesTan~.253 es ukanas-

kneli megrulis ganviTarebuli variantia.

es simRera warmarTobis dros samegreloSi qarTul enaze aResruleboda.

ivane javaxiSvilis daskvniT, warmarTobis dros samegrelosa da svaneTSi

kultmsaxureba da saweso ritualebi saerTo qarTul enaze aResruleboda.

qarTuli saerTo koine enis arsebobis faqti dRemde Semounaxavs xalxur

poeziasa da uZveles simRerebs.


Ta v i I I I

qarTuli eklesia IV saukuneSi

` a m C v e n s , R vT i s m So bl i s wil ad xdo m il sq v e y a n a s R vT i s m So bl i s a v e loc v iT d akurT x e v i T mo e vl i n a z e ga rd mo ST a go n e buliw m id a q alwuli . . . m o g v e vl i n a wm id a n i n o ,g v a m c no d a g v a swa v a qr i st e s rjuli . . .q a rT v el m a a m rjuls , a m a x al s aRT q m a sS eu erT a Z v el i s a ga n yo v el i v e i s , r ac k i r a mZ v i rf a s i a ad a m i a n i s a T v i s . . . S eu erT a m a mulid a ero v n e b a . e s s a m i erT m a n e T i s R ir s i s a ga n ii s e C a iw n e n , i s e C a i q s o v n e n e rT m a n e TS i , ro mrjuli s d ac v a s a q a rT v elo s m iwa -wyl i sd ac v ad gard i q m n a~.



saqarTvelo IV saukuneSi

saqarTvelo I-II saukuneebSi, rogorc cnobilia, Zlieri saxelmwifo iyo,

romelic amierkavkasiasa da mezobel mxareebSi politikur hegemonobas

lamobda. qveynis gareT omebSi gamarjvebebma SesaZlebeli gaxada simdid-

ris dagroveba. saqarTvelo ekonomiurad mowinave qveyana gaxda, xelos-

nobam, vaWrobam da saqalaqo cxovrebam maRal dones miaRwia.

III saukuneSi saqarTvelos garemocva mniSvnelovnad Seicvala. umTavre-

si iyo parTiis susti samefos nangrevebze sasanidebis Zlieri saxelmwifos

warmoqmna. aqamde Cveni qveynis mezobeli parTia SedarebiT sust, faqtobri-

vad, naxevraddamoukidebeli saxelmwifoebis gaerTianebas warmoadgenda. aq,

224-226 wlebSi, didi cvlilebebi moxda. ̀ Zveli arSakidebis dinastia daemxo

da misi adgili axalma, sasanidebis sparsulma sagvareulom daiWira. sasani-

debma aRadgines Zveli sparsuli sarwmunoeba, mazdeanoba da yovelnairad

cdilobdnen am sarwmunoebis gavrcelebas~.1 `...moxda iranul enebze mola-

parake xalxebisa da tomebis konsolidacia. didad gaizarda iranis samxedro

Zliereba. amis Sedegad ZalTa Tanafardoba maxlobel aRmosavleTSi arse-

biTad Seicvala. sasaniduri irani Setevaze gadavida Tavisi ZvelisZveli

mtris, romis winaaRmdeg da did warmatebebsac miaRwia. pirvelive sasanid-

ma, ardaSirma (224-241) midiis, sakastanisa da xorasnis Semdeg atropatena

daipyro da somxeTs Seutia, xelT igdo mesopotamia da alya Semoartya

nizibins. kidev ufro didi warmatebebi moipoves iranelebma Sabur I-is

(241-272) dros. 260 wels maT daatyveves imperatori publius licinius

valeriane. iranelebma aiRes da aaoxres imperiis aRmosavleTis umdidresi

provinciebi da qalaqebi _ antioqia, tarsi, kesaria~.2 Sabur I-is warweridan

Cans, rom misi Tanamedrove qarTvelTa mefe amazaspi sparsul orientacias

daadga. iransa da iberias Soris arsebul megobrul urTierTobaze unda

miuTiTebdes mcxeTaSi napovni vercxlis Tasis warwera.

`mosazreba amazaspis iranuli orientaciis Sesaxeb Zveli qarTuli wyaroe-

biTac dasturdeba. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT amazaspma `Seiyuarna

sparsni~.3 Tavisi mefobis dasasruls, amave wyaros mixedviT, amazaspi qarTvelTa

da maT dasaxmareblad moxmobil sparselTa laSqriT ebrZvis berZnebs (e.

i. romaelT) ... momxdar brZolaSi ̀ sparselebi da qarTvelebi~ damarcxdnen

da TviT amazaspic daiRupa~.4


marTlac, iranelTa Seteva romaelebma SeaCeres 80-ian wlebSi da imper-

atorma karma (282-283) dalaSqra irani. 283 wels iransa da roms Soris

daido sazavo xelSekruleba, romlis Tanaxmad sparseTma dakarga somxeTis

didi nawili.

287 wels romaelma imperatorma diokletianem somxeTis taxtze aiyvana

Trdati (287-330). adre iranelebma moakvlevines Trdatis mama xosrovi da

Trdati romSi iyo ltolvili.

`296 wels Sahi nersehi SeiWra romis samflobeloebSi, maT Soris somxeTSic.

Tavdapirvelad iranelebma mniSvnelovan gamarjvebas miaRwies keisar galerius

maqsimianeze. am ukanasknelis dasaxmareblad mesopotamiaSi imperatori diok-

litiane mivida: TviT galeriusi 25 000-iani jariT somxeTSi Sevida da sas-

tikad daamarcxa iranelebi. daWrili nersehi gaWirvebiT gadarCa tyveobas~.5

298 wels daido nizibinis 40-wliani zavi. nizibinSi (mesopotamia) dade-

buli sazavo xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelo Sevida romis gavlenis

sferoSi, romis proteqtoratis qveS, aseve somxeTic. sparseTma 40 wlis

vadiT scno romis upiratesoba saqarTvelosa da somxeTze, marTlac, 338

wlamde romsa da irans Soris zavi ar darRveula.

298-338 wlebSi zavis dros, roca saqarTvelo romis gavlenis sferoSi

iyo, CvenSi qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadda. qarTveli

eris cxovrebaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlena _ qristianobis miReba,

uTuod zavis dros 298-338 ww-Si moxda, radganac 338 w-s Sahma Sabur II-m

kvlav Seutia roms, kerZod, daiwyo saomari moqmedeba romaelTa winaaRmdeg

jer SuamdinareTSi, Semdeg ki somxeTSi.6

`mas Semdeg, rac romis xelisufleba qristianobis devnidan mis mfarvel-

obaze gadavida, misma metoqe iranma mkveTrad Secvala qristianebisadmi

damokidebuleba, mfarvelobis nacvlad man sastiki devna-Seviwroeba daiw-

yo~.7 iqamde ki, rodesac romis imperiaSi qristianoba sastikad idevneboda,

romis metoqe irani, romelic Tavisi saxelmwifoebrivi interesebidan ga-

momdinareobda, mfarvelobas uwevda mas.

romSi qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadda 313-326 wleb-

Si. 326 wlamde irani qristianebs ase Tu ise mfarvelobda, amis Semdeg ki

man qristianobis sastiki devna daiwyo, amitomac 338 wlis Semdeg qarTvel-

Ta mefes gauWirdeboda qristianobis aRiareba sparselTa SiSiT. aqedan

gamomdinare, im dros, roca sparseTi qristianobas mfarvelobda da iberia

iranis gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda (280 wlamde), gacilebiT ufro advili

iyo iberias mieRo qristianoba, vidre 338 wlis Semdeg (marTlac, diubua de

monpere qarTlis moqcevis TariRad miiCnevs 276 wels).8

298 wlis zavis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos mefes samefo regaliebi roma-

elebisgan unda mieRo, magram am droisTvis romaelebs Zveleburi siZliere

aRar gaaCndaT. amitom nizibinis SeTanxmeba mxolod imas gulisxmobda, rom

qarTli Zveleburad `kavSirSi~ imyofeboda romTan.


saerTod, III saukuneSi saqarTvelo ZiriTadad damoukidebel da Zlier

saxelmwifos warmoadgenda.

`III saukuneSic, kerZod, amazaspis dros, qarTli faqtobrivad damoukidebel

da Zlier saxelmwifos warmoadgenda. mogoneba amazaspze, rogorc Zlier

mmarTvelze, mkafiod Semoinaxa qarTulma saistorio tradiciam. `qarTlis

cxovrebaSi~ daculia gadmocema amazaspze, rogorc farsman qvelis msgavs

goliaTze~.9

338 wels, rodesac nizibinis zavis vada jer ar iyo bolomde gasuli,

iranma Seutia roms. daiwyo omi, romelic 25 wels gagrZelda xanmokle

SesvenebebiT. `ramdenad Seexo igi qarTls, an ra monawileoba miiRo masSi

qarTlma, ar viciT. safiqrebelia, rom qarTli romaelTa mxareze iyo, Tumca,

misi aqtiuri monawileoba brZolaSi ara Cans~.10

IV saukunis berZeni istorikosi amiane marceline wers, rom imis Semdeg,

rac 360 wels iranelebma warmatebebs miaRwies, romaelebis mier `tigrs

gadaRmel mefeebTan da satrapebTan uxvi saCuqrebiTurT elCebi iqnen gag-

zavnilni, raTa yvelasaTvis moewodebinaT da CaegonebinaT, CvenTvis Tanae-

grZnoT da arafer motyuebas anda Ralats cdiliyvnen. magram yvelaze

ufro metad moqrTamul iqnen arSaki da meribani, armeniisa da iberiis

mefeebi, brwyinvaled Semkuli samosiT da mravalnairi saCuqrebiT, radgan,

Tu maSindel saeWvo viTarebaSi sparselebs miudgebodnen, avnebdnen romis

saqmeebs~.11 marcelines am sityvebidan Cans, rom qarTli ganagrZobda ro-

maelTa mokavSired yofnas.

amiane marcelines `meribani~ qarTvelTa mefe miriani unda iyos. `qarT-

lis cxovrebis~ cnobis Tanaxmad, miriani gardacvlila qristianobis miRe-

bidan ocdamexuTe wels, e.i. is SeiZleba cocxali yofiliyo IV s-is 60-ian

wlebSic.

363 wels romsa da irans Soris daido 30-wliani zavi. somxeTi irans

gadaeca. pirobis Tanaxmad, romi ar unda Careuliyo somxeTis saqmeebSi da

daxmareba ar unda gaewia misTvis. romma piroba Seasrula da ar daexmara

somxeTs, rodesac momdevno 364 wels iranelTa laSqari somxeTSi SeiWra.

iranis pirispir martodmarto darCenili somxeTis mefe arSak II metis-

metad mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. aseT dros saqarTvelo Tavis Tan-

amorwmune somxeTs yovelmxriv mieSvela, jer qarTvelebis daxmarebiT ar-

Saki ganerida misTvis Zalze araxelsayrel situacias da Tavi saqarTve-

los Seafara, xolo Semdeg mose xorenelis sityviT, `arSaki dabrunda

qarTlis jariT~.12

Cans, ganawyenebuli imiT, rom qarTvelebma gabedes somxeTis daxmareba

TviT 363 wlis zavis Semdegac ki, irani Semoesia saqarTvelos.

`368 wels sparseTis mefe Saburi Semoesia qarTls, qarTlis mefe saurma-

gi, romelsac romaelebis mxare eWira, gandevna da qarTlis mefed saurma-

gis naTesavi, varazbakuri dasva. bolos da bolos saurmagi da varazbakuri


SeTanxmdnen da qarTli gaiyves: mtkvris marcxniv mdebare nawilSi saurma-

gi mefobda, mtkvris marjvniv mdebare nawilSi varazbakuri~.13

sparselebis SemoWra qarTlSi roms Seuracxyofad miuRia, amiane marce-

lines sityviT.

iberiaSi sparsTa SemoWris pasuxad romaelebi Caerivnen amierkavkasiis

saqmeebSi. imperatorma valentma somxeTSi gaamefa arSakis Svili papi, romel-

sac jari miaSvela.

369 wels papi somxeTSi gamefda. pasuxad iranelebma dalaSqres somxeTi.

imperatorma jari miaSvela saqarTvelodan gandevnil saurmags, rogorc

aRniSnuli iyo, amis Semdeg iberia orad gaiyo. 371 wels sparselebi somx-

eTSi SeiWrnen, magram somxebma, romaelebTan erTad isini daamarcxes.

srulebiT icvleba saqarTvelosa da saerTod amierkavkasiis politikuri vi-

Tareba 377 wlis Semdeg. romma datova amierkavkasia, romelsac irani daepatrona.

`377 wels valentma iranTan omisTvis mzadeba daiwyo, magram am dros

evropidan movida ambavi vestguTebis ajanyebis Sesaxeb da imperatori

iZulebuli gaxda gaeyvana jari somxeTidan. safiqrebelia, rom romaelebi

datovebdnen qarTlsac. eWvi araa, Saburi Seecdeboda gamoeyenebina aseTi

xelsayreli viTareba, raTa qvemo qarTlidan ganedevna romaelTagan day-

enebuli saurmagi. araerTxel gamoTqmula azri, TiTqos qarTlis gayofa or

samefod karga xans gagrZelebula, TviT V saukunis 40-ian wlebamdisac ki.

magram, rogorc irkveva, es azri swori ar unda iyos. iranelebma, Cans,

qarTlis erTianoba ukve IV saukunis 70-iani wlebis bolos aRadgines~.14

saqarTvelos imdroindeli mefe varaz-baqari (asfaguri) qristianobis

moZule yofila. iranis ZlierebiT SeSinebulma varaz-baqarma winaaRmdego-

ba ver gauwia iranis erisTavs, romelic `mefeTa ambavis~ Tanaxmad, Sahma

gamogzavna `qarTvelTa zeda xarkis dadebad~.

qarTli iranis moxarke gaxda IV saukunis 70-iani wlebis dasasruls. `ram-

denadac dResdReobiT cnobilia, es unda yofiliyo qarTlis pirveli daxarkva~.

`amrigad, IV s-is 70-ian wlebSi iranelebma qarTlis samefo mTlianad

daimorCiles. Tavdapirvelad qarTlSi mosula iraneli sardali, romel-

sac ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ matiane pitiaxSs, xolo ̀ mefeTa ambavi~ erisTavs

uwodebs. xarksac, etyoba, is krefda. SemdgomSi, iranelebs, rogorc Cans, es

funqcia adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisaTvis daukisrebiaT, Tavisi mudmivi moxele

qarTlSi iranelebs ara hyoliaT. mxolod gansakuTrebuli saWiroebis SemTx-

vevaSi agzavnidnen isini mxaris gamgebels — marzpans (aseTi iyo, magali-

Tad, V s-is 30-ian wlebSi somexi didebuli vasak siuni)~.15

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, varaz-baqaris dros saqarTvelos iranma

Camoacila rani da movakani, xolo romis imperiaSi (`saberZneTSi~) Sesula

klarjeTi. saqarTveloSi darCenila qarTli, hereTi da egrisi.

irans varaz-baqarma `misca rani da movakvani da ganukueTa xarki, xolo

erisTavman sparsTaman mosca cixe tfilisisa da warvida. da mieriTgan


iqmnes somexni da qarTvelni sparsTa moxarkeni. da amisa Semdgomad gandg-

es klarjni varaz-baqarisagan da mierTnes berZenTa da daipyres berZenTa

Tuxarisi da yoveli klarjeTi zRYTgan arsianTamde~.16

sparseTis erisTavis Semosvlis dros mefe varaz-baqars kaxeTSi Seu-

farebia Tavi da SeSinebuls ubrZanebia yvelasTvis daefaraT TavianTi

qristianoba — `ubrZana yovelTa, raTa damalnen juarni~.17

sparseTisTvis saqarTveloSi sruliad mouTmeneli iqneboda qarTuli

eklesiis kavSiri berZnul eklesiasTan, romelsac safuZveli daedo wmida

ninos dros. amiT unda iyos gamowveuli is, rom swored am periodSi

qarTuli eklesiis meTaurad iniSneba iob somexi, nerse kaTalikosis yo-

fili diakoni. saqme isaa, rom am momentamde aTiode wliT adre somxurma

eklesiam gawyvita ierarqiuli gavSiri berZnul eklesiasTan. berZnul ek-

lesiasTan somxurma eklesiam kavSiri gawyvita mefe papis dros, sparseTis

nebiT. amiT somxuri eklesia misaRebi gaxda sparseTisaTvis. Tu rogori

mouTmenlobiT devnida berZnul eklesias da berZnulenovan qristianobas

sparseTi IV s-is 80-90-ian wlebSi, amis Sesaxeb wers mose xoreneli.

saqarTveloSi gabatonebis Semdeg, Cans, iranma qarTul eklesiaSi devna

dauwyo berZnul qristianobas da proberZnul orientacias.

1972 wlis ̀ saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendris~ qarTuli eklesiis mamamTa-

varTa siis Tanaxmad, iob, nerse kaTalikosis yofili diakoni, mamaTmTavrob-

da 375-390 wlebSi. am dros qarTulenovani wirva-locva unda damkvidrebu-

liyo berZnulis nacvlad, romelsac (berZnulenovan RvTismsaxurebas) devnida

sparseTi.

`varaz-bakuris Semdeg V saukunis 80-90-ian wlebSi qarTlis samefo taxtze

ijda bakuri, romelic petre iberis asurul cxovrebaSi moxseniebulia, rogorc

petres papa dedis mxridan. bakuris dros grZeldeboda iranelTa batonoba~.18

387 wels sazavo molaparakebis Tanaxmad, somxeTi iranma da romma

gaiyves. bizantias (roms) ergo somxeTis mcire nawili, oTxi mexuTedi

somxeTisa irans ergo. iranma mtkiced da didi xniT moikida fexi somxeTSi.

saqarTvelos daubrunda Tavisi samxreTi miwebi, kerZod, e.w. didi nawili

gugarqis sapitiaxSosi, romelic mierTebuli hqonda somxeTs. `am dros

daiSala somxeTis erT-erTi udidesi olqi, gugarqis sapitiaxSo. misi Crdi-

loeTi raionebi qarTlSi Sevida, samxreTis sami raioni ki _ taSiri, kangar-

qi da aSoci, somxeTis SemadgenlobaSi darCa. ramdenime saukunis Semdeg

isinic SeuerTdnen qarTls. gugarqis sapitiaxSo is gogarenea, romelic

Zveli berZnuli cnobebis Tanaxmad (straboni), somxeTma CamoaWra qarTls

Zv.w.aR-is II saukuneSi~.19

`gugarqi jer kidev Zv.w.aR-is II s-Si waarTves somxebma iberias (strabo-

ni). somxeTis samefoSi igi calke erTeulad, sapitiaxSod Camoyalibda. amas,

Cans, xels uwyobda isic, rom igi eTnikurad gansxvavdeboda. gugarqs hqonda

midrekileba, isev iberias dahbruneboda. ase moxda kidevac~.20


erovnuli Semadgenlobis mxriv gugareTi, anu qvemo qarTli, yovelTvis

ZiriTadad qarTuli iyo. somxeTis SemadgenlobaSi yofnis dros misi eTni-

kuri saxe arsebiTad ar Secvlila da kvlav qarTuli darCa. amas, Cans, xeli

iman Seuwyo, rom gugarqi somxeTSi calke politikur erTeulad arsebobda

saukuneTa manZilze da is erT feodalur erTeuls warmoadgenda.

somexi mwerlebi saukuneTa manZilze yovelTvis aRniSnavdnen gugarqis

qarTulobas. magaliTad, `gugarqi moxseniebulia VII s-is anonimur somxur

geografiaSi. iq naTqvamia: gugarqi mdebareobs utis dasavleTiT da Sedge-

ba cxra gavarisagan, romelic uWiravT qarTvelebs: Zorofori, wobofori,

kolbifori, taSiri, TrialeTi, kangarqi, artahani, javaxqi, klarjqi...~21

VII s-is somxur geografiaSi gugarqis mosaxleobis `qarTvelebad dasax-

eleba, uflebas iZleva iTqvas, rom arasworia Teoria, romlis mixedviTac

TiTqosda VII s-Si gugarqSi qarTulenovani wirva-locvis danergviT kiri-

on kaTalikosma safuZveli daudo gugarqis somxuri mosaxleobis ̀ gaqarTvele-

bas~. cxadia, qarTvelebs `gaqarTveleba~ ar esaWiroebodaT. sinamdvileSi

gugarqSi sruliad sawinaaRmdego procesebi mimdinareobda, kerZod, gugar-

qis adgilobrivi mosaxleobis armenizacia somxur politikur-kulturul-

sarwmunoebriv arealSi moxvedris Sedegad, ris SeCerebac scada kirion

kaTalikosma erovnuli wirva-locvis danergviT gugarqis eklesiebSi.

ar unda iyos swori Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac, gugarqi qristemde

meore saukunis Semdeg pirvelad mxolod IV s-Si daubrunda saqarTvelos.

uTuod I-II saukuneebSi saqarTvelos Zlierebis dros gugarqi qarTlSi

Sedioda, qarTls ekuTvnoda. mirian mefis drosac is Cveni matianis Tanax-

madac qarTlSia. rogorc vTqviT, 387 wels iranma da bizantiam somxeTi

gainawila. somxeTis dasavleT nawilSi, romelic bizantias ergo, mefoba

gauqmda 391 wels, xolo iranis kuTvnil aRmosavleT somxeTSi — 428 w.

`...am faqts somexi xalxis dayofa ar mohyolia, radgan am droisaTvis

somexi xalxi didi xnis Camoyalibebuli iyo~.22,23,24. aseve, msgavsadve iyo

qarTveli eric aRniSnul epoqaSi.

gza qristianobisa I saukunidan wmida ninomde

qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli aris Rirsi deda nino, romelmac qristianul

sarwmunoebaze moaqcia mTeli eri. mis drosve, qarTuli saxelmwifos mzrun-

velobiT da SemweobiT Seiqmna erTiani qarTuli eklesia. SeiZleba daisvas

kiTxva, Tu qarTveli xalxi moaqcies da gaaqristianes TviT wmida mo-

ciqulebma, raRa saWiro iyo wmida ninos qadageba? am kiTxvaze pasuxi, Cans,

ZvelTaganve arsebobda, ramac asaxva hpova ruis-urbnisis krebis ZeglisweraSi,

sadac, kerZod, naTqvamia: `pirvelwodebuli andria, ZmaA Tavisa mociqul-

TaAsa petresi, vidre Cuendamdeca moiwia da qadaga sacxovrebeli qadage-


baA saxarebisaA yovelsa queyanasa saqarTveloAsasa da uricxuni simravle-

ni erTani ganaSorna sacTurisagan mrCobl eSmakeulebisa da erTisa RmrTi-

sa da qristes misisa TanaarsiT maTiT suliTurT rwmunebiT TayuaniscemaA

aswava, daRaTu umravlesman erman qarTlisaman simravlesa Sina Jamisasa

daiviwya qadagebaA igi mociqulisaA da sacTurisave mimarT kerpTaAsa

miaqcia. amaTisa qadagebisa nayofad aRmoecennes yovliT kerZo yovlisa

sofliasaAT simravleni Ruawlisa damdebelisa qristes sikudilisa mims-

gavsebulTa mowameTani, vinaATgan samasni mciredTa sxuaTa Tana vidre mefed

qadagebadmde didisa kostantinessa Soris gardaKdes weliwadni, romeli-

igi pirvelad qristiane iqmna mefeTa Soris. da TYT mociqul da qadag

sacxorebelisa qadagebisa da naTelsa Tavisuflebisasa mimfenel qristean-

eTa RmrTiv Suenieris moqalaqeobisa. amisTave ukue JamTa srulad momxedna

Cuenca, aRmosavalman maRliT da dedakacisa visme mier tyueqmnilisa...~25

rogorc amonaweridan Cans, wminda ninos mier mTeli saqarTvelosa da

misi mefis gaqristianeba Zalze mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli romis imperiaSi

qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadebasTan. marTaliao, weren

qarTveli mamebi, CvenSi qristianoba iqadages mociqulebma da xalxis uricxvi

simravle gaaqristianes, magram drom da pirobebma xalxi kvlav kerpTayvan-

ismcemlobas daubruna, xolo darCenil qristianebs Soris gamoCndebodnen

xolme mowameni, romlebsac iseTive tanjviT klavdnen rogorc qristes,

xolo imis Semdeg, rac romis imperatori konstantine gaxda mefeTa Soris

pirveli qristiani mqadagebeli da mociqulTa swori, Cvenc mogvxeda Rm-

erTma da gamoagzavna tyve qali ninoo.

aRsaniSnavia, rom es wyaro ar uaryofs wmida ninomde qarTvel qristian-

Ta arsebobas. rogorc aRvniSneT, maT Soris gamorCeulebs qristes mims-

gavsebuli sikvdiliT hklavdnen, isini mowameni iyvneno.

efrem mciris Tanaxmadac, ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed TviT saberZ-

neTSi (imperiaSi) mociqulTa qadagebis Semdeg kvlav kerpTayvanismcemloba

aRorZinebula, magram cxadia, es imas ar niSnavs, rom imperiaSi qristianuli

Temebi da saepiskoposoebi ar arsebobda.

efremi wers: `iTqumis CuenTYsca, mimoslvasa Sina wmidaTa mociqulTasa,

andria pirvelwodebulisa mier qadagebaO... garna amaT wmidaTa samociqu-

loni moZRvrebisa TeslTa aneulni mravalJam daipyrna RuarZlman meker-

peTaman. ara xolo Cuen Soris, aramed TYT maT berZenTaca Soris vidre

JamTadmde meored pavled zeciT wodebulisa didisa kostantinesTa amis

keTiladmsaxurisa mefisa JamTa RmerTman, romelman didTa da mravalTesl-

Ta tomTaTYs izruna, arca Cuen mcireni dagYtevna uRuawad~...26

zemoT moyvanilis Tanaxmad, rogorc CvenSi, ise romis imperiaSi, qris-

tianoba TviT mociqulebma iqadages. magram `meore pavles~ — imperator

konstantines dromde xalxis didi nawili kerpTayvanismcemlobisaken iyo


moqceuli, am dros ki RmerTma izruna `mravalTeslTa tomTaTvis~, maT

Soris qarTvelebisaTvisac. mociqulTa sworad `berZnebs~ gamouCina kon-

stantine, xolo qarTvelebs wmida nino. aseTia ZvelqarTuli koncefcia,

romelic wyaroebiT dasturdeba.

romis imperiasa da saqarTveloSi mociqulTa Semdeg qristianoba ara

marto arsebobda, aramed did gavlenas axdenda sazogadoebaze. III saukunis

dasawyisSi qarTvelTa mefe rev marTali qristes saxarebas icnobda da

misi mcnebebis Sesabamisad moqmedebda kidec.

`rogorc cnobilia, Tavdapirvelad qristianoba vrceldeboda sazoga-

doebis dabal fenebSi~,27 rev mefemde qarTvelTa dabal fenebSi qristian-

obas fexi mokidebuli unda hqonoda.

`amasTan mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT isic, rom Tumca qristianoba sax-

elmwifo sarwmunoebad qarTlSi IV s-is 30-ian wlebSi gamocxadda, ueWve-

lia, igi aq bevrad ufro adridan vrceldeboda. safiqrebelia, rom qris-

tianuli Temebi qarTlSi arsebobdnen ukve mesame saukunidan. aseTi Temebi,

cxadia, jer qalaqebSi Cndebodnen, gansakuTrebiT did savaWro gzebze mde-

bare qalaqebSi da pirvel rigSi TviT qarTlis dedaqalaq mcxeTaSi~.28

zemoT moyvanili kargad xsnis, Tu ratom ganxorcielda da ratom miiRo

xalxma mefe revis reforma, romelic qristes saxarebas efuZneboda, (Cvili

bavSvebis Sewirvis akrZalva). qristianobas xalxi ukve Semzadebuli hyo-

lia am reformisaTvis. SeiZleba xalxi monaTluli ar iyo, magram saxarebas

maT zneobasa da moralze gavlena hqonia.

oficialur sarwmunoebad aRiarebamde romis imperiaSic ukve didi mniS-

vneloba mieca qristianobas. jer kidev III saukuneSi qristianobis aRiare-

bis Sesaxeb gankarguleba gamosca galienma, xolo Cveni mefe rev marTali

(gard. 243 w.) TiTqmis naxevari saukuniT adre msgavsadve moiqca. mas smeni-

li hqonda saxareba, amitomac is iyo ̀ mowyale da nugeSinismcemeli Wirveul-

Ta~,29 e.i. aRasrulebda qristes mcnebebs.

`qarTuli istoriuli tradicia qarTlSi pirveli qristianuli Temebis

Casaxvas gulisxmobs axali welTaRricxvis pirvelive saukuneebidan da

ukavSirebs mcxeTasa da mis midamoebSi mcxovreb ebraelebs. `qarTlis

cxovrebaSi~ daculi cnobebis Tanaxmad, mcxeTeli ebraelebis erTi nawili

qristianebad Canan. ukve ax.w.aR-is pirvelsave saukuneSi (`da warvida elioz

mcxeTeli da longinoz karsneli da muniT daxudes juarcmasa uflisa~;

`...xolo kuarTi igi uflisa wiliT xuda mcxeTelTa~)30 `rogorc qarTuli

wyaroebi, iseve sxva xalxTa nawarmoebni gvawvdian cnobebs im pirTa Sesaxeb,

romlebmac andria mociqulis Semdeg iqadages qarTvelTa Soris qristian-

uli sarwmunoeba. qarTvel wmidanTa cxovrebaSi, romelic gamocemuli aqvs


mixeil sabinins `saqarTvelos samoTxeSi~, moxseniebulia vinme, saxelad

xriso. man miiRo qristianoba mociqulTagan da Tavis mxriv moaqcia da

monaTla albaniaSi 19 kaci, romlebic albaniis mefis datianosis brZanebiT

qristes moZRvrebis miRebis gamo cecxlSi dawves pirveli saukunis dam-

levs.31 ̀ amas garda, romaelebis mwerali baroniusi ambobs, rom qristianoba

saqarTveloSi iqadaga romis episkoposma klimentim, romelic romis imper-

atorma traianem (98-117) gadaasaxla yirimSi. ...mouRwevia Cvenamdis cnobas,

rom II saukuneSi saqarTveloSi cxovrobda mwvalebeli markioni~.32

`sainteresoa, rom VIII saukunis cnobili qarTveli moRvawe iovane sa-

banis Ze TxzulebaSi _ `wameba haboAsi, romeli iwama qarTls Sina, qalaqsa

tfiliss~ _ wers, rom qarTvelebi `xuTasis wlisa JamTa da uwinarHsRa

Sjuldebul yofil arian wmidiTa madliTa naTlisRebisaATa~.33 amrigad,

ioane sabanis Ze, akad. iv. javaxiSvilis SefasebiT, `Tavisi drois misabaZi,

samagaliTo istorikosi~, qarTlSi mesame da uwinares saukuneebSi xedavs

qristianuli religiis fesvebs. `... Cven gvaqvs safuZveli, vifiqroT, rom

qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad qcevamdis saqarTveloSic unda

arsebuliyo (ra Tqma unda, upiratesad qalaqebSi, mag. mcxeTaSi) adgilo-

brivi wvrili qristianuli Temuri erTobani, daaxloebiT iseTive xasiaTis

mqoneni, rogoric hqondaT maT romis imperiis sxva provinciebSi~.34 `qris-

tianTa `Canasaxovani~ komunebi pirvelsave saukuneSi gvaqvs mcxeTas

sagulisxmebeli, Tundac `uflis kvarTis~, eliozisa da sidonias cnobili

gadmocemis mixedviT, sveticxovlis istorias rom edeba safuZvlad~.35

imave azrs adgas p. ingoroyva. `qristianoba, _ wers igi, _ saqarTveloSi

vrceldeba Cveni welTaRricxvis pirveli saukuneebidanve, ra droidanac

qristianoba moefina saqarTvelos mezobel axlo aRmosavleTis qveynebs da

romis imperiis provinciebs. saistorio wyaroebis CvenebiT irkveva, rom

qristianoba farTo gavrcelebiT sargeblobda saqarTveloSi ukve me-3 sauku-

neSi~.36 bunebrivia, daismis kiTxva: ramdenad eTanxmeba werilobiTi wyaroeb-

is monacemebs samarxeuli Zeglebi? anu cnobilia, Tu ara didi mcxeTis

ax.w.aR-is I-II ss. samarovnebze samarxebi micvalebulTa gapatiosneba-dakrZalvis

qristianuli wesiT?

1978 wels mcxeTaSi, miwis samuSaoebis dros, dazianda gvianantikuri

xanis kulturuli fenebi, romelic Seiswavla mcxeTis mudmivmoqmedma ar-

qeologiurma eqspediciam (xelmZ. akad. a. afaqiZe). arqeologiuri gaTxri-

sas sxva ZeglebTan erTad aRmoCnda ori Tixis filasamarxi, msgavsi am

tipis ukve cnobili samarxi nagebobebisa. erT-erT maTganSi (#17) dakrZa-

luli iyo deda-Svili. orive micvalebuli dausvenebiaT gulaRma, gaSotili,

TaviT dasavleTisaken (e.i. qristianuli wesiT, ep. a. j.). samarxSi aRmoCnda

erTaderTi saneke beWedi zrdasruli micvalebulisa. dakrZalulTa poza,

damxroba, nivTieri masalis simcire, saneke beWedi, sardionis beWdis Tvali


— intalio, romelzedac amokveTilia erT mxares mimarTuli ori — Tevz-

isa da Ruzis gamosaxuleba, migvaniSnebs, rom samarxi qristianTaTvis gaumar-

TavT. Ruzisa da Tevzis gamosaxuleba xSiria xelovnebis, pirvel rigSi ki,

winaqristianuli xanis gliptikis Zeglebze. ̀ swored warmarTuli xelovnebis

es siuJetebi gamoiyena qristianulma religiam Tavisi arsebobis sawyis

xanaSi da sxva niSnebTan erTad aqcia igi adreuli qristianobis simboloe-

bad. axlad Casaxuli religia amiTac cdilobda Tavi daeRwia warmarTTa

mxriv qristianebis devnisagan. qristianuli religiis Casaxva-ganviTarebis

epoqaSi, rodesac qristianobas mravlad hyavs rogorc aqtiuri momxreni,

ise mowinaaRmdegeni da igi iqceva imdroindeli sazogadoebis sagangebo

yuradRebis sagnad, bunebrivia, vifiqroT, rom aq ganxiluli siuJeti adrin-

deli qristianobis simbolos warmoadgenda da ara mxolod samkaulis

Cveulebriv saxesxvaobas~.37

qristianuli samkvdro wesis zemoT CamoTvlili niSnebi, naxsenebi filas-

amarxis garda, met-naklebad SeiniSneba didi mcxeTis samarovnebze mikvleul-

Seswavlil sxva sakrZalavebSic. kerZod, qristianuli samkvdro wesebis met-

naklebi dacviT gaupatiosnebiaT micvalebulebi samTavros samarovanze 1938-

1940 da 1976-1983 ww-Si gaTxrili samarxebis erT nawilze,38 mcxeTa-qalaqSi,

sveticxovlis midamoebSi Seswavlili samarxebis erT jgufSi da sxva.39

yvela es sakrZalavi zogadad ax.w.aR-is II-III, ufro metad ki, III saukunes

ganekuTvneba.

amrigad, arqeologiuri da werilobiTi wyaroebis monacemebis SejerebiT

irkveva, rom istoriuli didi mcxeTis moqalaqeTa garkveuli nawili qris-

tianul religias eziara mis (qristianobis) oficialur aRiarebamde 100-

150 wliT adre.40

Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom arqeologiuri monacemebi adastureben qarTul

da ucxour wyaroTa Cvenebebs, rom mociqulTa saqarTveloSi qadagebas

unayofod ar Cauvlia, Tavisi Sedegi gamouRia da qveyanaSi qristianuli

Temebi Seqmnila. ucxouri wyaroebi miuTiTeben, rom qristianobas saqarTve-

los zRvispireTSi avrceleben II-III saukuneebSi, arqeologiuri monacemebiT

ki saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi mcxeTac qristianul orbitaSia moqceuli.

cxadia, qristianebs, romlebic II-III saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi cxovrobd-

nen, esaWiroebodaT samRvdeloeba, monaTvla da ziareba samRvdeloebis gareSe

ar SeiZleboda. rogorc zemoT aRniSnuli iyo, II-III saukuneebis sveticxov-

lis, samTavrosa da sxva samarovnebSi qristianebi daukrZalavT, maT Soris

bavSvebic. cxadia, yvela isini monaTlulni iyvnen, amitomac, ueWvelia, II-III

saukuneebSi CvenSi samRvdeloeba da qristianuli mrevli arsebobda. es ki

imas niSnavs, rom II-III saukuneebSi CvenSi eklesia arsebobda. sainteresoa,

rogori principiT iyo mowyobili es eklesia (qristianuli Temebi)? pirvel


rigSi unda aRiniSnos, rom sxvadasxva qalaqsa Tu qalaqebis ubnebSi arse-

buli qristianuli Temebi ar iyvnen erTmaneTze daqvemdebarebuli. erTiani

mTeli qveynis momcveli qristianuli eklesia erTiani centriT da erTiani

mmarTvelobiT ar arsebobda, Tumca, radganac iyo samRvdeloeba, episkopose-

bic iarsebebdnen. `qarTlis cxovreba~ kidevac wers, rom TviT andria mo-

ciqulma awyuris qristianul mrevls Tavisi episkoposi gauCinao.41 cxadia,

qristianoba da misi samRvdeloeba devnili iyo. is farulad arsebobda,

amitomac Zalze susti iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom mociqulTa epoqaSi da mis

Semdgomac mRvdelmoqmedebas episkoposic asrulebda da mRvdels episko-

poss uwodebdnen. qarTuli saxelmwifos mier qristianobis oficialurad

aRiarebamde CvenSi rom arsebobdnen saepiskoposoebi, isic miuTiTebs, rom

biWvinTaSi qristianul Tems hyavda episkoposi da Tanac Zalian gavleniani

da saxelganTqmuli. I msoflio saeklesio krebaze 325 wels monawileobda

biWvinTis episkoposi stratofile. 325 wlamde, cxadia, es saepiskoposo iarse-

bebda da didi avtoritetic eqneboda maSindel msoflio qristianobaSi,

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mis episkoposs ar miiwvevdnen nikeis msoflio krebaze,

sadac Zalze avtoritetuli mniSvnelobisa da wonis mRvdelmTavrebi iyvnen

miwveulebi.

agaTangelozis cnobis Tanaxmad, episkoposebi adreve iyvnen ara marto

dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic. agaTangeloz-

is cnobiT, nikeis krebis win sruliad iberiis mitropolits ibr-z-xua

rqmevia, dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposs — sofroniusi, xolo samxreT

saqarTvelos (basianis) episkoposs — evlaTiusi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom mociqulTa mier daarsebuli eklesiebi (qristianuli

Temebi, saepiskoposoebi) I-II saukuneebSi erTmaneTisgan damoukidebeli iyo

da maT erTiani administraciuli centri ar gaaCndaT. aseve iyo saqarTveloSic

wmida ninos Semosvlamde. saqarTveloSi arsebuli qristianuli Temebi,

saepiskoposoebi (biWvinTa da sxva), albaT, erTmaneTisgan damoukidebelni

iyvnen. qristianTa devnis saukuneebSi (I-III ss) qristianobis simtkicis erT-

erTi mizezi is iyo, rom mas ar gaaCnda administraciuli centri. arsebob-

da asobiT da aTasobiT eklesia da qristianuli Temi (igulisxmeba romis

imperia), damoukidebelni erTmaneTis mimarT, msgavsad ebrauli Temebisa. es

asaxulia mociqulTa 34-e kanonSi, romlis mixedviTac yovel Tems, yovel

ers Tavisi episkoposi unda hyavdes. yoveli Temis (eris, naTesavis) episko-

posi am Temis wevrTaTvis aRiarebulia pirvel kacad da meTaurad, misi

ganzraxvis gareSe araferi `nametnavis~ gakeTebis neba ara aqvT, magram

Tavis mxriv episkoposic valdebulia imoqmedos ̀ yovelTa ganzraxviT~, raTa

`esreT erTnebobaO aResrulos da ididos RmerTi...~42

`mociqulTa 34-e kanoni, roca naTesavze, erze laparakobs, mxedvelobaSi

iRebs ara erovnebebs, aramed eTnikur olqebs, romlebadac iyo dayofili


romis saxelmwifo, mis dayofamde diokletianes mier provinciebad~.43 albaT,

imperiis msgavsad iyo mowyobili qristianuli mrevli saqarTveloSi.

swored qristianuli Temebis arsebobam da siZlierem miiyvana impera-

tori konstantine gadawyvetilebamde, rom saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad eRi-

arebina qristianuli sarwmunoeba.

`imperator konstantines sarwmunoebrivi politika, kerZod, misi qris-

tianobisadmi damokidebuleba moulodneli da gansakuTrebuli ram ar yofila.

qristianobam 312 wlamde grZeli gza ganvlo, ramac igi milanis ediqtamde

miiyvana. qristianobam moipova oficialuri arsebobis ufleba, romelsac

Seupovari xangrZlivi brZoliT miaRwia. es brZola gamovlinda romis

xelisufalTa qristianobisadmi damokidebulebis istoriaSi, romelic gvam-

cnobs, rom marcxsa da devnilobasTan erTad, qristianoba drodadro did

warmatebas aRwevda... am mxriv sainteresoa romis imperatorTa, gansakuTre-

biT ki galienis politika. am ukanasknelis mier 260 wels qristianobis

Sesaxeb gamocemuli gankarguleba 312 wlis milanis ediqtis Soreuli

winaparia... uSualo winamorbedad ki galeriusis 311 wlis ediqti unda

CaiTvalos, romelzec konstantinec awers xels~.44

saqarTveloSi IV saukuneSi qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocx-

adeba yofila ara moulodneli, Semotanili, anda Tavsmoxveuli aqti, aramed

efuZneboda qristianobis adgilobriv saukunovan tradicias. `SeuZlebelia

laparaki ama Tu im qveyanaSi qristianobis ubralod SemoRebaze. gansakuTrebiT

usafuZvloa azri romelime saxelmwifoSi qristianobis Setanasa da mis iq

gabatonebaze. qristianobis gavrceleba mxolod misi propagandis, qadageb-

is Sedegi ar SeiZleba iyos, rasakvirvelia, propagandis, qadagebis rolis

uaryofa ar SeiZleba... qristianobis qadageba romis imperiaSi saukuneebis

manZilze warmoebda~.45

zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom wmida nino ver SeZlebda mTeli qarTveli

xalxis gaqristianebas, saqarTveloSi wminda mociqulebsa da sxva mqadage-

blebs qarTveli xalxi Semzadebuli rom ar hyoloda qristianobis sajaro

aRiarebisaTvis. am Tvalsazrisma asaxva hpova kidec wmida ninos cxovreba-

Si, sadac ufali ucxadebs wmida ninos, rom saqarTveloSi `samkali friad

ars, xolo muSaki mcire~. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTveloSi mociqulTa

mier daTesil saxarebis marcvals saukuneTa manZilze xalxi Seumzadebia

saerTo saxalxo monaTvlisaTvis.

`qarTlis samefoSi qristianobis gavrceleba, arsebuli masalebis (rogor-

icaa arqeologiuri, aseve naratiuli da epigrafikuli) mixedviT, gvesaxeba

Semdegnairad: ax.w.aR-is pirvel saukuneebSi, SesaZloa, II saukunis dasawyis-

Si, qarTlis msxvil savaWro ekonomiur centrSi, upirveles yovlisa ki

mcxeTaSi, Cndebian pirveli qristianebi, romlebic farulad iwyeben axali

religiis qadagebas iberiis samefoSi. axla Znelia dadgena imisa, Tu vin


iyvnen es pirveli misionerebi, specialurad movlenili Tu SemTxveviTi

pirni, an iqneb sulac, garkveul nawils qristes sjulis mqadageblebisa

warmoadgendnen adgilobrivni, romlebic qristianobas eziarnen palestina-

Si, iudeaSi an romis imperiis sxva provinciaSi, sadac swored am drois-

aTvis isaxeba, yalibdeba, ebrZvis erTmaneTs da warmarTul religiebs aTo-

biT qristianuli mimdinareoba. SesaZloa, qristianuli ideebis erT-erT

pirvel gamavrceleblebad gvevlineba iberTa is laSqari, romelic qarT-

lis mefis miTridate III (g. meliqiSvilis mixedviT) Zmis, amazaspis, meTau-

robiT miemarTeba romaelTa dasaxmareblad parTelTa winaaRmdeg brZola-

Si... dRes Cvens xelT arsebuli monacemebiT qristianuli religia CvenSi

Semovida swored rogorc dabali fenebis religia, sazogadoebis farTo

fenebis religia... gavixsenoT cnobili faqti wmida ninos mcxeTaSi mosv-

lisa da mis mier qadagebis dawyebisa. misioneri qali Tavdapirvelad uars

ambobs samefo karTan raime kontaqtze da iwyebs moRvaweobas swored

mosaxleobis farTo fenebSi. swored aqedan gamodian isini, vinc ̀ ...mis Tana

qadagebdes...~, eseni arian `...Svidni dedani naTesavni uriaTani, asuli abia-

Tarisa da eqvsni sxvani da samoTxisa mcvelni igi dedani da colqmarni,

abiaTar mRvdeli, axali pavle. vfiqrob, msgavsi suraTi unda yofiliyo

wmida ninos mcxeTas mosvlis wina xanaSic~.46

romel wels Semovida wmida nino saqarTveloSi da gaqristianda mTeli

qarTveli xalxi? es yovelTvis saintereso sakiTxi Zalze damajereblad

gaarkvia istorikosma vaxtang goilaZem. v. goilaZis Tanaxmad, wmida nino

saqarTveloSi Semovida 303 wels.

317-318 wels qarTlis samefo karma saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiara

qristianoba, xolo 324-326 wels xalxi masiurad moinaTla.

v. goilaZe wers: `upirveles yovlisa, unda aRvniSno: cnobidan aSkarad

Cans, rom nino da misi Tanamgzavrebi saberZneTidan TavianTi nebiT ki ar

wamovidnen, gamoiqcnen, somxeTSi mosuli ninos Tanamgzavrebi Trdatma sikvdil-

iT dasaja. rac Seexeba ltolvilTa wamosvlis drod miTiTebuli merve

wlis realobas, amis Taobaze imperiaSi arsebuli politikuri viTareba

unda gaviTvaliswinoT.

305 wlis 1-el maiss, diokletianes gadadgomis Semdeg, imperiis aRmosav-

leT nawils galeriusi (gard. 311 w. maisSi) ganagebda. swored man 311

wlis 30 aprils nikomidiaSi gamocemuli ediqtiT qristianTa devna Sewyvi-

ta da maTi uflebebi aRadgina. galeriusis Semdeg imperiis aRmosavleT

nawils maqsimian daza da liciniusi ganagebdnen. 313 wlis ivnisSi siriisa

da egviptis gamgeblis dazas damarcxebis Semdeg liciniusi imperiis

aRmosavleT nawilis erTpirovnuli gamgebeli gaxda da am wels qristian-

Ta Semwynareblobis ediqti gamosca, magram misi politika qristianTa mima-

rT Tanmimdevruli ar iyo.


konstantine didis gamgeblobaSi mxolod 324 wlis 18 seqtembers, li-

ciniusis saboloo damarcxebis Semdeg, gadavida romis imperiis aRmosav-

leT nawili. ase rom, 324 wlis 18 seqtembramde konstantine aRmosavleTis

saqmeebSi ver Caereoda.

saeWvodaa miCneuli maqscensiusze gamarjvebis Semdeg konstantinesa da

liciniusis mier 313 wels milanSi gamocemuli ediqti qristianebis uf-

lebrivad warmarTebTan gaTanabrebis Sesaxeb. konstantinem mxolod 324

wels, liciniusze gamarjvebis Semdeg, gamosca ori ediqti. erTi qristia-

nebis uflebebis aRdgenas Seexeboda, meoriT ki warmarTebs uflebaTa dac-

vas pirdeboda. araa swori ltolvilTa wamosvlis TariRad miTiTebuli

merve — 326 welic, am wels imperiaSi iseTi araferi momxdara, imperiis

teritoriidan qristianebi masiurad rom gamoqceuliyvnen. piriqiT, Zveli

saeklesio istorikosis zosimes cnobiT, konstantine mxolod 326 wlidan

dadga sabolood qristianTa mxareze. meorec, am droisaTvis somxeTSi

qristianoba ukve saxelmwifo religiad iyo aRiarebuli da 326 wels aq

mosul ltolvilebs qristiani mefe sikvdiliT ar dasjida. aSkaraa, im-

periidan ltolviTa wamosvlis drod `cxovrebaSi~ miTiTebuli 326 weli

arasworia Tu `ninos cxovrebis~ teqstSi araferia naTqvami, imperiidan

romeli imperatoris dros wamovidnen ltolvilebi, `rifsimianTa wameba-

Si~ maTi gamoqceva uSualod diokletianes saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli.

amrigad, imperiidan qristianTa ltolvis mizezad 303 wels diokletianes

mier dawyebuli qristianTa devna unda iqnas miCneuli, ris safuZvelzec

ninos mcxeTaSi (aseve somexi ltolvilebis vaRarSapatSi) mosvla 303

wliT unda daTariRdes~.47

Semdeg v. goilaZe ganagrZobs: `cxovrebis~ variantSi arsebuli cnobiT,

mcxeTaSi mosuli nino `sam wel ilocvida farulad~. 303-306 wlebSi mis-

ioneruli moRvaweoba ninos marTlac gauZneldeboda, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT,

rom qristianTa devna imperiaSi diokletianes gadadgomamde (305 w. 1-li

maisi) mZvinvarebda da igi garkveulwilad qarTlSic hpovebda asaxvas. 306

wlidan misioneruli moRvaweobisaTvis ninos meti Tavisufleba miecemoda...

Zveli qarTuli wyaroebis erToblivi miTiTeba ninos mcxeTaSi mosvlidan

14-15 wlis Semdeg gardacvalebis Sesaxeb, Cemi varaudiT, ninos mcxeTaSi

Semosvlidan qarTlis moqcevamde gasuli drois monakveTs unda aRniS-

navdes ... ueWvelia, rogorc somxuri 15, ise qarTuli wyaroebis 14-15 weli

drois im monakveTze migviTiTebs, romelic gavida ninos qarTlSi Semosvl-

idan _ mis mier qarTlis moqcevamde ... radganac nino qarTlSi 303 wels

Semovida, qarTlis samefo karis mier (aseve somxeTis) qristianobis sax-

elmwifo religiad aRiareba 318 wliT unda daTariRdes.

qarTlisa da somxeTis samefo karma da xalxma 318 wels ki aRiara

axali rwmena, magram, rogorc k. kekeliZe wers, ̀ erTi saqmea moqceva, gaqris-


tianeba xalxisa ... sxva saqmea monaTvla ukve moqceuli xalxisa, ritualis

Sesruleba~. aseTi aqtisaTvis mxolod 324 wels, konstantines mier gamocemuli

ediqtis Semdeg Seiqmna xelsayreli pirobebi. nikeis msoflio saeklesio

krebis wina 324 wlis bolo Tveebi yvelaze xelsayreli dro iyo somxeTisa

da qarTlis eklesiaTa meTaurebis oficialuri kurTxevisaTvis. Teofane

JamTaaRmwereli qarTlisa da somxeTis moqcevis Sesaxeb 324 wels momxdar

ambebTan erTad mogviTxrobs... amrigad, qarTlisa (aseve egrisis) da somxe-

Tis moqceva 318 wliT unda daTariRdes. aseT daTariRebas mxars uWers

mose xorenelis TxzulebaSi, rogorc Cans, `ninos cxovrebidan~ da agaTan-

gelozis `somexTa moqcevidan~ momdinare tradicia, romlis Tanaxmadac,

miriani da Trdati daaxloebiT erTad gaqristiandnen. somxuri wyaros am

cnobas jer kidev XIX saukuneSi miaqcia yuradReba iv. gvaramaZem da man

qarTlis moqceva 317 wliT daaTariRa~.48

Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom vaxuSti bagrationi, saqarTvelos istoriis

udidesi mkvlevari, qarTlis moqcevas aTariRebda 317 wliT. d. baqraZe, iv.

gvaramaZe iziarebdnen vaxuStiseul wels da qarTlis moqcevas msgavsadve

aTariRebdnen. `qarTlis moqcevis TariRad aseve 318 weli miaCnda p. iose-

lians, m. sabinins da r. camcievs. qarTlis moqcevis vaxuStiseuli 317

weli gaiziares d. baqraZem da iv. gvaramaZem~.49

qarTuli eklesiis meTauris episkopos ioanes xeldasxmis wlad v. goil-

aZes miaCnia 324 weli. is fiqrobs, rom qarTuli eklesia aris ara antioqi-

uri warmoSobisa, aramed kapadokiuri (pontos diocezi). is wers: `aRniS-

nulTan erTad a. harnaki mcire aziis mTel mosaxleobas IV saukunisaTvis

TiTqmis mTlianad qristianad miiCnevs, misi mtkicebiT, mcire aziaSi adreve

daiwyo mosaxleobis eTnikur Sedgenilobaze Seqmnili eklesiebis Camoyal-

ibeba. im erovnul eklesiaTa Soris, romlebmac antioqiis meurveobas daaR-

wies Tavi da sakuTari samisionero moRvaweoba gaaCaRes, igi kapadokiis

eklesiasac asaxelebs. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT Zvel avtorTa mtkicebas kapa-

dokiis mosaxleobis qarTveluri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb, maSin `cxovreba-

Si~ ninos kapadokielad dasaxeleba met safuZvels gvaZlevs, ninos (aseve

sxva ltolvilebis) wamosvla kapadokiidan vivaraudoT ...~agaTangelozis

Tanaxmad, somexTa ganmanaTlebeli grigoli kapadokiaSi ̀ izrdeboda wesiTa

qristianesaATa~, iq eziara qristes mcnebas da iqve, kapadokiis kesariis

episkoposis leontis mier iqna xeldasxmuli somexTa episkoposad ...p.gidu-

lianovi leontis episkoposobas 315/316-325 wlebiT gansazRvravs (326-341

ww. kesariis episkoposad geronti Cans). ase rom, rogorc somexi xalxisa da

samefo ojaxis moqcevisas (318 w.), ise somexTa pirveli episkoposis grig-

olis xeldasxmisas (324w.) kesariis saepiskoposo kaTedraze leonti imyo-

feboda. kesariidan somxeTSi momaval grigolis leontis davalebiT kapa-

dokiis qalaq sebastiidan Tan gamoyva episkoposi petre da sebastiidan


wamoyvanil RvTismsaxurTa meSveobiT moaxdina somxuri eklesiis organiza-

cia. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT kapadokiis mosaxleobis qarTvelur warmomavlo-

bas da im garemoebasac, rom kapadokiis kesariis eklesiis iseTi saWeTmpyro-

beli, rogoric basili didi kesarielia (gard. 379 w.), qarTveli iyo (e.

xinTibiZe, g. gozaliSvili da sxv.), maSin unda vivaraudoT, rom am saepisko-

poso kaTedras adgilobrivi, qarTuli warmoSobis sasuliero pirebi ga-

nagebdnen da episkoposi leontic, romlis mier iqna xeldasxmuli somexTa

ganmanaTlebeli grigoli, qarTveli unda yofiliyo. grigol ganmanaTle-

blis kesariaSi xeldasxmis Semdeg Zvel somex istorikosTa miTiTebiT,

somxuri eklesia kapadokiis eklesiaze damokidebuli Seiqna. somxeTis ek-

lesiis istoriis avtoris a. aninskis SeniSvniT, kesariaSi xeldasxmis Sem-

deg grigoli somxeTis eklesiis organizaciis dros kesariis deda eklesi-

is miTiTebiT xelmZRvanelobda. bunebrivia, amitom moZRvreba da yvela

saeklesio wesi somxeTSi gadmoRebul iqna iseTive saxiT, rogorc kapadoki-

is kesariaSi iyo, e.i. arianuli. nikeis krebaze leonti gadayenebul iqna.

axla rac Seexeba qarTlis pirveli episkoposis _ ioanes xeldasxmas, iseve,

rogorc somxeTisa da egrisis, qarTlis mosaxleobis moqcevis saqmeSic

kapadokielma misionerma Seasrula mTavari roli, magram, rogorc Cans,

kapadokiis eklesia yovelTvis ver axerxebda antioqiis Zlieri eklesii-

saTvis angariSi ar gaewia da Tavisi misionerebis mier moqceuli qveynis

meTauri TviTonve ekurTxebina... qarTlis eklesiis meTauris xeldasxma 324

(ukidures SemTxvevaSi 325 wlis ivlisamde) wels rom unda momxdariyo,

amis damadastureblad zemomotanili masalis garda mimaCnia `ninos cx-

ovrebaSi~ arsebuli is cnoba, romlis Tanaxmadac, ninos RmerTis aRiarebis

Semdeg mirianma eklesiis mSenebloba daiwyo da mxolod mSeneblobis damTavre-

bis Semdeg SeuTvala konstantines — `sruliad mowyveda sparsTa da

mtkiced miReba siyvarulisa maTisa~, ris pasuxadac konstantinem `warmog-

zavna mRdeli WeSmariti iovane episkoposad, mis Tana mRdelni orni da

diakonni samni~.50 rogorc ̀ mirianis cxovrebaSia~ naTqvami, am dros mirians

konstantinem imperiaSi mZevlad myofi Zec ki daubruna (sxvaTa Soris,

Zveli qarTuli wyaros am cnobas mxars uWers V saukunis bizantieli

istorikosis — sozomenes miTiTeba, qarTlis moqcevis Semdeg bizantiasa

da qarTls Soris `samxedro kavSiris dadebisa da megobrobis damyarebis~

Sesaxeb). wigni II, 7~.51

v. goilaZis msjeloba Zalze damajerebelia, amitomac unda aRdges vax-

uSti bagrationis mier gamorkveuli TariRi _ qarTlis moqceva 317-318

wliT unda daTariRdes, xolo qarTuli eklesiis organizacia da xalxis

monaTvla 324-326 wlebiT. erTiani qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi

misi organizaciisa da Camoyalibebis dros IV saukuneSi uTuod moicavda

klarjeTs, hereTs, da, safiqrebelia, gugarqsac. klarjeTs rom moicavda


qarTuli eklesia, es mose xorenelis Txzulebidanac Cans, romlis mixedvi-

Tac wmida ninom iqadaga klarjeTidan vidre masquTebamde. masquTebis

qveyana iyo kaspiis zRvis pirze da qarTlsa da masquTebs Soris hereTi

mdebareobda. mose xorenelis azriT, wmida ninos masquTebamde, e.i. hereTSic

uqadagnia. xolo gugarqs rom moicavda qarTuli eklesia, iqidan Cans, rom

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, mefe miriansa da somxeTis mefe Trdats

Soris daido sazRvari, romelic gadioda mtkvrisa da araqsis wyalmyof

qedze. mdinareTa xeobani, romlebic mtkvars uerTdebodnen, qarTvelebis

samefoSi Sedioda. cnobilia, rom gugarqze gamavali yvela mdinare mtkvars

uerTdeba, amitomac qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi mirianis dros gugar-

qic Sedioda.

m. CxartiSvili wers: àgaTangelozis mixedviT, grigolma iqadaga klar-

jeTamde teritoriaze, xolo nunes (wminda ninos), xorenelis mixedviT, Tavi-

si moRvaweoba swored klarjebiT dauwyia. agaTangelozis miTiTebiT, grigols

umoRvawia mTel masquTeTSi (`masquTTa sazRvrebis bolomde~), xolo xore-

neliT, nunes masquTebamde uqadagia mxolod (`masquTTa sazRvrebamde~).

agaTangelozis miTiTebiT, grigolis moRvaweoba alanTa da kaspTa samyo-

felSi ar gavrcelebula, mas alanTa karebamde da kaspTa sazRvrebamde

teritoriebi daumoZRvravs (àlanTa karamde, kaspTa sazRvrebamde~), xolo

nunes, xoreneliT, klarjeTidan masquTebamde areali mouqcevia alanTa da

kaspTa karis damatebiT (àlanTa da kaspTa kariT~) ...Tu davukvirdebiT

grigolis marSruts, davinaxavT, rom igi qmnis garkveul mruds, romelic

warmoadgens qarTuli teritoriebis sasazRvro konturs. agaTangelozis

cnobis mixedviT, grigols gverdi auvlia zustad qarTuli miwebisaTvis,

amitom xorenelma, romelmac romeliRac wyarodan icoda, rom qarTvelTa

ganmanaTlebeli nune iyo, CaTvala, rom grigolis samisionero gzis amgvari

gansazRvriT, agaTangelozi miuTiTebda _ qarTuli miwebi moaqcia nunem~.52

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, somxuri wyaroebisaTvis cnobili yofi-

la, rom wmida ninos qadagebis Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi

Sevida qarTlis is teritoriebic, romlebsac klarjeTi da hereTi ewode-

boda. amitom qarTul eklesiaSi samxreT-dasavleTis mxares Sedioda klar-

jeTi, aRmosavleTiT hereTi, xolo samxreTis sazRvris Sesaxeb gvaqvs mi-

TiTeba `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~. cnobilia, rom iberia da somxeTi romis

imperiis gavlenis sferoebSi Sediodnen imperator konstantines dros,

rasac aRiarebs `qarTlis cxovreba~, romlis Tanaxmadac, romis am impera-

tors ganuwesebia sazRvari qarTlis samefosa da somxeTs Soris: `ganuCina

sazRvari mirians da Trdats esreT: romelTa queyanaTa mdinareni dian

samxreTiT da mierTvian rahxsa, ese queyanani Trdatis kerZad dayarna, da

romlisa queyanisa mdinareni CrdiloT dian da mierTvian mtkuarsa, ese

mirianis kerZad dayarna~.53


Sedioda Tu ara egrisi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi mefe mirianis

dros? ZvelqarTuli tradiciiT (rogorc werilobiTi, ise zepiri), egrisis

ganmanaTlebeli iyo wmida nino da egrisi qarTul eklesiaSi daarsebi-

sTanave Sedioda. magaliTad, wmida ninos TiTqmis Tanamedrove epoqaSi

moRvawe berZen-laTini istorikosebi, romlebic qarTlis moqcevidan 50-100

wlis Semdeg werdnen TavianT Sromebs, yovelTvis aRniSnavdnen, rom qarTvelebi,

romlebmac miiRes qristianoba, cxovrobdnen pontos, anu Savi zRvis pirze

(sadac mdebareobda istoriuli egrisi). am avtorebs dabejiTebuli mtkice-

bani miuTiTebs imas, rom egrisic im dros gaqristianda, roca gaqristianda

aRmosavleT saqarTvelo. es avtorebi egriselebs iseve miiCnevdnen ibere-

bad (qarTvelebad), rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelebs. cnobili

evagre pontoeli iberi iyo, warmoSobiT SavizRvispireTidan-egrisidan. egrisi

rom mirian mefis saxelmwifoSi Sedioda, amis Sesaxeb weria `qarTlis

cxovrebaSi~ — ̀ da mefobda mirian mun qarTls, rans, hereTs da movakans, da

aqunda egrisica vidre egriswylamde~.54 TviT gvian saukuneebSic ki, roca

egrisi da lazeTi ukve aRar Sediodnen qarTlis samefoSi, mainc ukidure-

si samxreTis TurqeTis sazRvrebSi moqceuli ofis samitropolito eklesi-

is Sesaxeb arsebobda gadmocema, rom es eklesia wmida ninos mier iyo

agebuli, xolo mTeli laziis samitropolito `qarTul miwebze~ mdebare-

obda.55 ̀ ...1958 w. gamocemuli saqarTvelos istoriis pirvel tomSi naTqvamia,

rom egrisisaTvis qristianobas saxelmwifo mniSvneloba mieca 523 wels. es

TariRi rom mcdaria da qristianoba dasavleT saqarTveloSi gacilebiT

adrea miRebuli, amas sxva monacemebTan erTad adreuli eklesiebis arsebo-

bac adasturebs. am bolo dros ki miRebulia azri, rom egrisis samefoSi

qristianobis gavrceleba IV saukuneSi ukve faqts warmoadgens~.56 ̀ rogorc

irkveva, aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTveloSi, maSindel iberiasa da egrisSi,

qristianoba erTsa da imave dros, IV saukuneSi miuRiaT, igi saxelmwifo

religia gamxdara~.57

mecnierulma kvleva-Ziebam cxadi gaxada, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi

(egrisSi) qristianoba IV saukuneSi iseve aRiarebul sarwmunoebad iqca,

rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, anu mTel saqarTveloSi erTdroulad,

wmida ninos epoqaSi, qristianobas saxelmwifo mniSvneloba mieca. amasve

adastureben qarTuli wyaroebi.

egrisi mefe mirianis saxelmwifoSi Sedioda da cxadia iq, iseve rogorc

sxva kuTxeebSi, wmida ninos RvawliT qristianoba gavrcelda.

qarTuli eklesia daarsebisTanave moicavda rogorc saqarTvelos Sida

mxareebs, agreTve egriss, klarjeTs, gugarqs da hereTs.

marTalia, gugarqi xelidan xelSi gadadioda da mkvidrad daukavSirda

deda-samSoblos IV saukunis 70-iani wlebidan, magram mirian mefis drosac,

Cans, is qarTlSi Sedioda.


saeklesio enis Sesaxeb unda iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi qristianobis

gavrcelebamde warmarTuli kultmsaxureba aResruleboda qarTul enaze.

rogorc ivane javaxiSvilma gaarkvia, warmarTuli kultmsaxureba ara mar-

to Sida saqarTveloSi aResruleboda qarTul enaze, aramed TviT svaneTsa

da samegreloSic ki. mTel saqarTveloSi, romelic mefe mirianis dros

iwyeboda mdinare egriswyalTan da gadaSlili iyo masquTebis (kaspiis

piras) qveynamde, warmarTuli RvTismsaxureba qarTulenovani iyo. xolo

warmarTuli panTeoni Zalze damuSavebuli da daxvewili yofila.

es garemoeba uTuod qristianul kultmsaxurebazec imoqmedebda. Tu qarTve-

li warmarTebi TavianT ̀ RmerTs~ adidebdnen qarTul enaze, qristiani mRvdelm-

saxurebic, qristianobis gavrcelebis mizniT, Seecdebodnen qarTvelebisaTvis

qarTul enazeve miewodebinaT saxareba, aseve elocaT xalxisaTvis gasageb enaze.

miuxedavad amisa, Tavdapirvelad SesaZloa, CvenSi RvTismsaxureba aRes-

ruleboda ara qarTul, aramed berZnul enaze, ris Sesaxebac Tavis `qarTuli

eklesiis istoriaSi~ azri hqonia gamoTqmuli mixeil TamaraSvils. e. ni-

kolaZe wers. ̀ saqarTvelos eklesiis pirveli samRvdeloeba energiulad Seudga

qristianobis gavrcelebas da ganmtkicebas qarTvelTa Soris. pirveli episko-

posi, romelsac saistorio wyaroni asaxeleben ioaned, amravlebda samRvdelo

pirebs da warmarTebis sakerpoebze eklesiebs aSenebda. ioanem saqarTvelos

eklesiaSi RvTismsaxurebis Sesasruleblad Semoitana berZnuli ena, romelic

Semdeg gandevnil iqna da mis magier daiwyes qarTuli enis xmareba~.58

ueWvelia, radganac qristianobas qarTvelTa Soris fexi mokidebuli

hqonda ukve I saukunidanve da I saukunidan TiTqmis 300 wlis ganmavlobaSi,

is, ase Tu ise, CvenSi arsebobda, uTuod rogorc locvebi, ise saxarebisa da

sxva wmida wignebis nawyvetebi zepiri Targmnisas mainc qarTul enaze IV

saukunisaTvis ukve gadmoRebuli unda yofiliyo. amitom SeiZleba kultm-

saxureba or enaze _ berZnulad da qarTulad aResruleboda CvenSi. xolo

imis Semdeg, rac 380-ian wlebSi qarTli daipyro sparseTma, CvenSi iseve,

rogorc mTel sparseTis imperiaSi berZnuli saeklesio ena aikrZaleboda.

mose xoreneli wers, rom am dros sparselebi wvavdnen berZnul enaze

daweril yovelgvar saeklesio wigns, berZnul enaze laparakic ki aikrZa-

la. uTuod aseT dros sparselebi qarTlSi berZnul enas akrZalavdnen da

wirva-locvis enad aq mxolod qarTuli darCeboda, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

berZnulis nacvlad sparselebma romelime sxva ena ar danerges saeklesio

msaxurebaSi. cnobilia, rom IV saukunis bolos, roca jer kidev ar iyo

Seqmnili somxuri anbani, somxeTSi akrZaluli berZnulenovani wirva-locvis

nacvlad, sparseTma aiZula somexi samRvdeloeba mieRoT siriuli wignebi

(wirva-locva) an SeeqmnaT erovnuli.

politikuri TvalsazrisiT qristianobaSi ori mimarTuleba arsebobda _

berZnuli qristianoba da siro-sparsuli qristianoba. pirveli gavrcele-

buli iyo romis imperiaSi da misi gavlenis areebSi, xolo meore sparseTis


imperiaSi. IV saukuneSi `...sakuTriv iranSic sakmaod bevri qristiani iyo~.59

siro-sparsuli eklesia metoqeobas uwevda berZnuls. sparseTis saxelm-

wifo mxars uWerda Tavis qristianul eklesias. amitomac IV saukunis 80-

ian wlebSi sparseTis saxelmwifo yovelmxriv Seecdeboda qarTuli ekle-

sia Camoecilebina berZnuli saeklesio sferosgan da Seeyvana siro-spar-

sul saeklesio sferoSi. yovel SemTxvevaSi, ase moiqca 380-iani wlebidan

somxuri eklesiis mimarT. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT arsebul politikur vi-

Tarebas, aseve qarTuli wyaroebis Cvenebas, rom qarTul eklesiaSi arsebu-

li sarwmunoebis mdgomareoba berZnebis mier dawunebuli yofila V sauku-

nis Sua wlebSi _ `ver moawies saqme egre jerisaebr sjulisao~,60 rom

mirian mefidan vaxtang gorgaslamde 157 wlis manZilze mxolod61 8 WeS-

mariti (e. i. berZnuli orientaciis) episkoposi yofila, `xolo sxuani

SemSlelni wesisani~, unda vifiqroT, rom somxuri eklesiis msgavsad, qarTu-

li eklesiac sparseTma gamoiyvana berZnul-romaul saeklesio sferodan

da Seiyvana siro-sparsul saklesio sferoSi.

wminda ninos cxovreba 62

pirvelad vaxsenoT cxovreba wmidisa da ne-

tarisa dedisa Cvenisa da yoveli qarTlis

ganmanaTleblisa nino mociqulisa, romelic

TviT manve netarma mogviTxro aRsrulebis Jams

da aRwera morwmune dedofalma salome

ujarmelma, mirian mefis Zis colma, asulma

Trdat somexTa mefisa.

wmida giorgi kapadokielis qristesTvis wame-

bis Jams, kapadukiaSi mcxovrebi didebuli kaci

zabiloni wavida qalaq romSi imperatoris

karze samsaxurisaTvis. am dros branjni ebr-

Zodnen romaelebs. zabilons, romelic romaelTa

laSqarSi iyo, misca RmerTma uZleveli Zali.

gaaqcia branjni da Seipyro maTi mefe mTavrebT-

an erTad. imperatorma gadawyvita maTi da-

xocva. maSin branjTa daiwyes tirili da Seevedrnen zabilons: ̀ jer mogveci

Seni rjuli, Tqveni RmerTis taZarSi Segviyvane da mere mogvkal, rameTu Sen

Segvipyar da Senve dagvexmare am saqmeSi~. zabilonma es saswrafod auwya

imperators da patriarqs. isini monaTles zabilonis xelTa qveS, Seiyvanes

RvTis taZarSi, aziares wmida saidumlos _ qristes sisxlsa da xorcs.

diliT adgnen branjni, Caicves samkvdro samoseli, gavidnen kacTa sasak-

laoze, loculobdnen da madlobdnen RmerTs naTlisRebisaTvis: `Cven si-


kvdilSic ukvdavebi varT, rameTu RmerTma am didebis Rirsni gagvxada~.

amis Semyure zabiloni mwared atirda, rameTu rogorc cxvrebma, Tavi Tvisi

warsakveTad moudriknes.

Sevida zabiloni imperatorTan da gamoiTxova samkvdrod Sekazmulni.

keisarma uTxra: `momiZRvnia SenTvis da rac ginda, is uyavi~.

zabilonma branji tyveebi gaaTavisufla. isini evedrebodnen, raTa wahy-

oloda maT qveyanaSi da gaeqristianebina mTeli maTi eri. ismina da iTxova

patriarqisgan mRvdelni, nebarTva miiRo mefisgan da gahyva.

branjTa aTi saerisTavo sixaruliT Seegeba Tavis mefes didi da Rrma

mdinaris piras. gahyo mefem xalxi da daayena mdinaris orive napirze.

ganibanes wyalSi, amovidnen erT adgilas da zabilonis xelqveS moinaTl-

nen. aziara isini qristes saidumlos, dautova mRvdeli da ganuwesa qris-

tianobis yoveli wesi.

amis Semdeg, gamoemSvidoba da didi simdidriT dabrunda romSi. aq ganizraxa

da Tqva: `sjobs, wavide ierusalims da movaxmaro es simdidre RvTis

adgils~. Cavida ierusalimSi da gauyo Tavisi monagebi glaxakebs. am dros

iq patriarqi iyo iobenali. bavSvobaSive daoblebuli da-Zma iobenali da

sosana warmoSobiT zabilonis mxrisani iyvnen. niaforma sara beTlemelma,

romelsac emsaxureboda sosana, uTxra patriarqs: `es zabiloni aris mama

da ganmanaTlebeli branjTa, RvTismoSiSi da brZeni kacia. mieci Seni da

sosana colad~. patriarqi daTanxmda da misca sosana colad zabilons.

wavida zabiloni Tavis samSoblo kapadokiaSi.

wminda nino, qarTlis moZRvari, maTgan iSva. is iyo dediserTa, sxva Svili

mis mSoblebs ar hyavdaT. roca nino Tormeti wlisa gaxda, misma mSoblebma

gayides yovelive, rac ebadaT, wavidnen ierusalims da gauyves glaxakebs.

ierusalimSi zabilonma miiRo kurTxeva patriarqisagan da ganSorda Tavis

cols. cremliT gamoeTxova Tavis asuls, ninos da uTxra: ̀ Sen, Cemo erTad-

erTo Svilo, gtoveb oblad Cemgan da migandob zecaTa mamas, rameTu is aris

obolTa mama, yovelTa mzrdeli da qvrivTa ganmkiTxveli. nu geSinia, Svilo

Cemo, Seiyvare qriste mariam magdalinelis msgavsad da lazares debiviT.

Tu Senc maTsaviT Seiyvareb, aseve mogcems yovelives, rasac iTxov misgan~.

es rom Tqva, saukuno amboris-yofiT eambora da wavida iordanes iqiT

meudabnoe kacebTan.

xolo deda wmidisa ninosi patriarqis nebiT dadga glaxaki da uZluri

qalebis msaxurad.

wmida nino dvinel somex niaforTan msaxurobda ori weli da gamohkiTx-

avda xolme qristes jvarcmas, daflvasa da aRdgomas, rameTu misebr rju-

lis mcodne ierusalimSi aravin iyo, icoda Zveli da axali aRTqma zedmi-

wevniT. auwya da uTxra: ̀ vxedav, Svilo Cemo, Sens Zalas, viTarca Zu lomisa,


msgavsi xar dedali orbisa, romelic haerSi mamalze ufro maRla adis da

mis TvalSi mTeli xmeleTi Cans mcire margalitis TvaliviT, saWmels

ixilavs, dauSvebs frTebs da mieteveba mas. aseve iyos Seni cxovreba

suliwmidis winamZRvrobiT.

mogiTxrob yovelives: mokvdavma adamianebma ixiles warmarTebis mosar-

juleblad mosuli ukvdavi RmerTi, romelsac undoda qveynis xsna: keTils

uyofda ebraelebs, mkvdrebs aRadgenda, brmebs Tvals uxelda, sneulebs

kurnavda. SeSurdaT misi da SeiTqvnen, dagzavnes macneni mTel qveyanaze

yoveli mxridan ebraelebis mosawvevad da auwyes maT: `aha, sacaa warvwym-

debiT, modiT, SemokrbiT yovelni~.

maSin movidnen yvela mxridan uricxvi adamianebi, moses rjulis swav-

lulni, win rom aRudgnen suliwmidas, jvars acves qriste da mis sa-

moselze wili iyares. samoseli CrdiloeTis qveynidan mosul moqalaqeebs

SexvdaT. dafles ebraelebma qriste da dabeWdes misi saflavi, magram is

aRdga, rogorc adreve Tqva. tiloni saflavSi ipoves. diliT pontoeli

pilates colma aiRo es tiloni, saswrafod wavida pontoSi da qristes

morwmune gaxda. qristes sudari ki ver ipoves, magram Tqves, petrem ineba

misi aReba da masve hqondeso. jvari ki aqvea damarxuli, ierusalimSi,

magram misi adgili aravin icis. RmerTi inebebs da isic gamoCndeba~.

roca sara niaforisgan es moismina wmida ninom, madloba Seswira RmerTs

da kvlav hkiTxa: ̀ sad aris CrdiloeTis qveyana, saidanac mosul ebraelebs

wilad xvdaT da waiRes samoseli uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi?~ miugo da

uTxra sara niaforma, rom aRmosavleTSi aris qalaqi mcxeTa, qveyana qarTlisa,

somxeTTan, mTieli warmarTebisa.

im dReebSi wmida aRdgomis Tayvanissacemad efesodan movida erTi dedakaci.

hkiTxa mas sara niaforma: `elene dedofali kvlav cdomilebasa da bnelSi

imyofeba?~. xolo man upasuxa. `me var maTi mxevali, mcodne yoveli maTi

ganzraxvisa, cxadisa da dafarulisa, da vici, rom aqvs mas didi wadili

qristes rjulisa da naTlisRebisTvis~.

es roca moismina, wmida ninom uTxra niafors: `warmgzavne elene dedo-

falTan da iqneb miveaxlo mas sasaubrod qristes Sesaxeb~.

niaforma ninos wadili auwya patriarqs. patriarqma, wmida ninos dedis Zmam,

mouxmo Tavis diswuls, daayena is sakurTxevlis aRsavlis karTan, daado

xelebi mxrebze da SesTxova RmerTs: ̀ ufalo RmerTo saukuneTao, xelTa SenTa

Sevvedreb Cems obol disSvils, warvavlen Sens saqadageblad, raTa axaros maT

Seni aRdgoma. iqmen, qriste RmerTo, amis Tanamgzavri da moZRvari~.

gaemgzavrnen wmida nino da efeseli qali qalaq romSi. iq naxes mefeebis

naTesavi erTi dedofali, saxelad rifsime da misi dedamZuZu gaiane, qal-

wulTa monasterSi. elodnen da surdaT ierusalimSi naTlisReba qristes

aRsarebisaTvis.


wmida nino rifsimesTan gadavida sacxovreblad. im weliwadsve moinaTl-

nen rifsime, gaiane da maTi saxleuli ormocdaaTi suli, umravlesma maTT-

agan wmida ninos xelqveS miiRo naTlisReba da wavidnen TavianT monaster-

Si. maTTan iyo wmida nino ori weli.

im dReebSi keisarma TavisTvis lamazi sacolis mosaZebnad gagzavna

mZebnelni. maT qalwulTa monasterSi ixiles rifsime. gamohkiTxes gvarovneba,

radganac aravin iyo saxiT misi msgavsi. daxates ficarze da gaugzavnes.

moewona keisars, aRivso sixaruliT da brZana qorwili. waravlina mo-

ciqulebi mTels Tavis sabrZanebelSi, raTa yvelani ZRveniTa da didi

sixaruliT Sekrebiliyvnen samefo qorwilSi.

roca netarma rifsimem, gaianem da sxva wmida da yovladqebulma qalebma

ixiles maTze moweuli gansacdeli, gaixsenes ubiwoebis aRsareba da qebis Rirsi

martoobiT cxovreba, iwyes tirili, evedrebodnen RmerTs mowyalebas da erTo-

biT, urTierTganzraxviT, farulad datoves qveyana, ormocdacametma sulma.

mividnen ltolvilebi somxeTis areebSi, dvinSi, somex mefeTa sayofel-

Si. iq Sevidnen maranSi, romelic aSenebuli iyo Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT.

Tavs irCendnen xelsaqmiT.

xolo keisari aRivso mwuxarebiT, yvelgan gagzavna kacebi maT mosaZebnad.

keisris mociqulebi Trdat somexTa mefesTanac mividnen, miarTves mas keis-

ris wigni, romelSic ewera: ̀ TviTmpyrobeli keisari siyvaruliT mogikiTxav

Cems Zmasa da Tanamosaydre Trdats. gauwyeb, rom mravali vneba gvaqvs

qristianTagan, sruliad Seuracxyofilia Cveni samefo ufleba maTi krebu-

lis mier da dawunebulia Cveni xelmwifeba maTgan, rameTu isini vinme

jvarcmul mkvdars emsaxurebian da Zels Tayvanscemen, kacTa Zvlebs pa-

tivscemen, TavianTi sikvdili uflis didebad miaCniaT. ar eSiniaT uriebis,

uriebs ki jvarcmulis eSiniaT. mefeebs agineben, RmerTebs Seuracxyofen,

mzis, mTvarisa da varskvlavebis naTlis Zala arafrad miaCniaT, aramed

Seqmnilad ityvian im jvarcmulis mier da ise moaqcies qveyana, rom colebi

qmrebs da qmrebi colebs Sordebian. Tumca mravali satanjveliT amovw-

yvite, magram ufro gamravldnen. SemTxveva mqonda menaxa maTTagan erTi

axalgazrda qali da ganvizraxe misi colad moyvana, xolo mas mefis guli

sasurvelad ki ar miaCnda, aramed saZaglad. arawmidad Semracxes, farulad

gaiqcnen da Seni qveynis sazRvrebSi Semovidnen. icode, Zmao Cemo, gamoiZie

isini, roca ipovni, mohkal, xolo maTgan Secdenil pirmSvenier rifsimes

roca ipovni, warmoavline. Tu Sen inebeb, SenTvis igule, rameTu aravinaa

misi msgavsi saberZneTSi. icocxle RmerTebis msaxurebiT~.

roca Trdatma es brZaneba waikiTxa keisrisa, mswrafl iwyo maTi Zebna da

ipova isini sawnaxlis saxlSi.

rifsimes xilvisas gulisTqmiT aRivso da didi sixaruliT gaixara da

ganizraxa misi colad moyvana, rac ar isurva rifsimem. maSin awama is da

dedamZuZe gaiane da sxva mravalni maTgan, zogierTebi daimalnen da iltvodnen.


maSin wmida nino daimala vardis ekalTa Soris, romelic jer ar hyvaoda

im dros, roca aRmovidnen sulni wmidaTa mowameTani. ixila wmida ninom

wmida stefanes msgavsi diakoni, naTlis olariT Camomavali, xelSi eWira

sasakmevle, romelsac asdioda surnelebis kvamli, cis damfarveli. masTan

iyo simravle zecis erisa da maT SeuerTdnen wmida mowameTa sulebi. roca

es ixila wminda ninom, SehRaRada ase: ùfalo, ufalo, rad damiteveb me

aspitTa da iqedneTa Soris~, maSin xma moesma zevidan, romelic ityoda:

àseve wagiyvanen, roca eg ekali, romelic Sens garSemo aris, surnelovan

vardis furclad iqceva, adeq da CrdiloeTisken wadi, sadac samkali friad

aris da muSaki ki ar aris~.

da wavida iqidan wmida nino da mivida orbanTaSi, somxeTis sazRvarze, iq

daizamTra mravali gasaWiriT, da meoTxe Tves, romelic aris ivnisi, wavida

da moiwia javaxeTis mTebTan, sadac Sexvda gamdinare did tbas, romelsac

hqvia faravna, xolo roca iqiT gaixeda da ixila CrdiloeTis mTebi, zafx-

ulis am dReebSi savseni TovliT da sastiki haeriT, SeZrwunda wmida nino

da Tqva: ̀ ufalo, ufalo, miiRe suli Cemi Cemgan~.

dahyo iq ori dRe da iTxova sakvebi meTevzeTagan, am tbis mebadurTagan.

mwyemsebic iq iyvnen da Ramis samwysoSi cecxli enToT. SesTxovdnen Tavi-

anT RmerTebs armazs da zadens, aRuTqvamdnen maT Sesawirs, òdes mivideT

mSvidobiTo~.

wmida ninom mcired icoda somxuri ena, rameTu niaforisgan iswavla.

mwyemsTa Soris somxurad molaparake ipova da hkiTxa: `romeli soflidan

xarT?~ man miugo da uTxra: `daba elarbinidan da safurclidan da qinZa-

relni, rabatelni didisa qalaqisa mcxeTisa, sadac RmerTni RmerToben da

mefeni mefoben~. da hkiTxa, Tu ̀ saiT aris mcxeTa?~ xolo mwyemsma ase auwya,

mdinare, romelic am tbidan gaedineba, mcxeTaSi mivao.

daido wmida ninom lodi sasTumlad, daw-

va da daiZina am tbis gardasadinelSi. Zil-

Si CvenebiT movida erTi kaci, zomieri simaR-

lisa da naxevarTmosani. man misca wmida ni-

nos beWdiT daluquli wigni da uTxra: ̀ miar-

Tvi es mcxeTaSi warmarTTa mefes~. xolo wmida

ninom daiwyo tirili da vedreba. ùfalo,

dedakaci var, ucxo da umecari da arc vici

maTi ena, rogor mivide ucxo qveyanaSi, ucxo

erSi?~ maSin kacma gauxsna wigni da misca

wasakiTxad, dawerili iyo laTinurad da beW-

edi iyo ieso qristesi. am wignSi ewera 10

sityva: 1. sadac iqadageba es saxareba, iq

iTqmeba am dedakacis Sesaxeb; 2. arc mamaka-


ceba aris da arc dedakaceba, aramed Tqven yovelni erTi xarT~ 3. wadiT da

moimowafeniT yovelni warmarTni da naTelscemdiT maT saxeliTa mamisaTa

da ZisaTa da wmidisa sulisaTa; 4. naTeli gamobrwyinda warmarTebze dide-

bad erisa Senisa israelisa; 5. sadac sasufevlis es saxareba iqadageba,

munca iTqmodes yovelsa sofelsa; 6. vinc Tqven mogismenT da SegiwynarebT,

me Semiwynarebs da vinc me Semiwynarebs, Cems momavlinebels Seiwynarebs, 7.

friad uyvarda mariami ufals, rameTu maradis ismenda mis WeSmarit sity-

vas; 8. nu geSiniaT maTi, romelnic Tqvens xorcs moklaven, maT sulis

mokvla ar SeuZliaT; 9. uTxra mariam magdalinels iesom. `wadi, dedakaco,

da axare daTa da ZmaTa CemTa~; 10. qadagebdeT saxeliTa mamisaTa da ZisaTa

da sulisa wmidisaTa;

roca es sityvebi waikiTxa wmida ninom, iwyo vedreba RvTis mimarT da

gulisxma-hyo, rom zecidan iyo es Cveneba, Tvalni miapyro zecas da meore

dRisTvis iTxova Sewevna.

amis Semdeg gahyva tbis mdinares da iwyo misi dineba dasavleTis mxares.

Seudga ficxel, Znel gzas, mravali Wiri naxa, mxecebis SiSi, sanam ar miaRwia

adgils, sadac wyalma aRmosavleTiT iwyo dineba. amis Semdeg daiwyo misi

lxena, rameTu ipova iq mogzauri, romelTanac erTad miaRwia qarTlis

sanaxebs, qalaqs, romelsac urbnisi ewodeba, sadac ixila ucxo xalxi, Rm-

erTTa msaxuri. cecxls, qvebs, xeebs RmerTad Tayvanscemdnen, risTvisac

suli daumwuxrda, Sevida ebraelebis baginSi ebrauli enisaTvis, dahyo iq

erTi Tve da qveyanas ecnoboda.

erT dRes daiZra didZali xalxi, am qalaqidan warmavalni did samefo

qalaqSi, mcxeTaSi, savaWrod da RmerT armazisTvis zvarakis Sesawirad.

wahyva wmida nino maT. roca qalaqSi mividnen, dadgnen mogvTa xidTan.

cecxlismsaxur am eris Secdomis xilvisas stiroda wmida nino maT warw-

ymedasa da Tavis ucxoobas.

meore dRes gaisma sayvirT xma, gamovida uricxvi xalxi viTarca yvavilni

velisani da xmauri ismoda saSineli. mefe jer kidev ar iyo gamosuli.

roca movida dro, daiwes sirbili da imaleboda yoveli kaci, SiSisgan

safarvelSi Serbodnen da aha, myisve gamovida nana dedofali da nel-nela

mosdevda eri. Seamkes yoveli quCa sxvadasxvaferi samosliT. iwyo mTelma

erma mefis qeba. maSin gamovida mefe sazareli da TvalSeudgami xilviT,

wmida ninom hkiTxa erT ebrael qals: `ra aris es?~ man upasuxa: `RmerTi

RmerTTa armazi uxmobs, romlis gareSec sxva kerpebi ararani arian~.

myisve wavida wmida nino armazis saxilvelad da ̀ aRivsnen mTebi droSebiT

da xalxiT, viTarca velni yvaviliTa~.

xolo wmida ninom Seaswro armazis cixeSi da dadga kerpis maxloblad,

zRudis napralTan. xedavda miuwvdomel da eniT uTqmel sakvirvelebas, Tu

rogor eSinodaT mefes, mTavrebs da mTel ers maT winaSe aRmarTuli


kerpebisa. ixila wmida ninom, rom idga erTi spilenZis kaci, tans oqros

jaWvi emosa, Tavze oqros Cafxuti exura, samxreebic oqrosive hqonda da

moWedili iyo Zvirfasi TvlebiT. xelT xmali epyra viTarca elva da

iqnevda. Tu vinme Seexeboda, sasikvdilod gaiwireboda. ambobdnen: ̀ vaime, ar

davaklo dideba am did RmerTs armazs, an ar Sevcde ebraelebisa da

mogvebis mosmeniT, romelnic ityvian raRac ucxo RmerTis Sesaxeb, ar

mipovos raime biwi armazma da ar mces Tavisi maxvili, romlisac yvelas

eSinia~. da SiSiT Tayvaniscemdnen mas.

da aseve iyo mis marjvniv oqros kerpi, saxeli misi gaci da mas marcxniv

edga vercxlis kerpi, saxeli misi gaim, romelnic RmerTebad miaCnda qarT-

lis ers.

maSin tiroda da oxravda netari nino RvTis mimarT am CrdiloeTis

qveynis SecdomisaTvis, rom naTeli maTTvis dafaruli iyo da bneli uflob-

da maT. mefeni da mTavarni cocxlad STaenTqa jojoxeTs, daetovebinaT

dambadebeli, qvasa da xes, spilenZsa da gamoWedil rvals RmerTad Tayvans

cemdnen.

aRixilna zecad da Tqva: `ufalo erTi wmida samebisagani kacad iqmen da

acxovne yoveli sofeli, nu ugulebelyof amaT, rameTu kaci-adamiani Seni

xati aris, moxede wyalobiT am ers, Serisxe soflis mpyrobeli, bneleTis

mTavari uCino sulebi. miCvene me, ufalo RmerTo mamisa da dedisa Cemisao,

mxevalsa Sensa, raTa ixilon yovelTa kideTa qveynisaTa macxovareba Seni,

raTa CrdiloeTi samxreTTan erTad ixarebdes da yovelma enam (yvela

erma) mxolod Sen gces Tayvani Seni Zis ieso qristes mier, romelsac

Svenis madloba da didebismetyveleba~.

rogorc ki daasrula es locva wmida ninom, Tvalis erT wamisyofaSi

amovarda dasavleTis qari, gaisma sazareli quxilis xma, gamoCnda swrafi

Rrublebi saSineli niSniT, moitana dasavleTis niavma myrali da Zlier

cudi, mware suni. es rom ixila eris simravlem, iltvoda yoveli kaci da

qali qalaqisa da soflebisaken, miecaT dro, rom yovel kacs Seeswro Tavis

sayofelSi da swrafad moiwia es risxvis Rrubeli, mwared sastiki da

mxolod kerpebis sayofel adgilze moiRo litris63 toli setyva. daamsx-

vria es kerpebi da Semusra, daarRvia zRudeni sastikma qarma da kldeTa

napralebSi Caamxo, xolo wmida nino darCa mSvidobiT im adgilas, sadac

pirvelad iyo Sesuli.

meore dRes gamovida mirian mefe da yoveli eri. eZebdnen maT RmerTebs

da ver ipovnes, ris gamoc SeeSindaT da SeZrwundnen, iglovdnen da ambobd-

nen: `qaldevelTa RmerTi iTrujan da Cveni RmerTi armazi mtrebi arian,

aman erTxel masze zRva miaqcia da axla man Suri iZia, mis mier moxda es~.

xolo sxvebi ambobdnen: `romeli RmerTis ZaliTac Trdat mefe gareul

Rorad iqca da imave RmerTis ZaliT kvlav kacadve iqmna, im RmerTma


moaxdina es. rameTu sxva RmerTi uZluria aseTis qmnad~. amas ambobdnen

imitom, rom Trdat mefis Rorad da mere kacad gadaqcevis Semdeg, qristes

qeba-dideba qarTlSi aRar iTqmoda farulad, rameTu RvTis madlma aRmo-

savleTSi mofena daiwyo.

risxvis dRes, sastiki qaris dacxromis Semdeg, gamovida wmida nino

kldis napralidan, ipova bivrilis Tvali, aiRo da wavida kldis qimisaken,

sadac idga Zveli cixe. iq idga akakis xe mSvenieri, maRali da rtomravali,

sadac iyo bartam mefis sagrili da gansasvenebeli. mivida am xis Ziras,

gaakeTa qristes jvris niSani da eqvs dRes aq iloca. madlobda RmerTs da

evedreboda, raTa moexeda wyalobiT Secdomili erisTvis, exsna eSmakisagan.

iyo meeqvse dRe im Tvisa, roca emanuilma Taboris mTaze mamis xati uCvena

mociqulebis da winaswarmetyvelebis meTaurebs.

maSin movida erTi sefeqali, saxelad SroSana da ixila is xis qveS,

gaukvirda, moiyvana berZnulad metyveli qali, hkiTxa misi gza, xolo wminda

ninom auwya da uTxra yoveli gza da saqme Tavisi, garda dedis Zmebisa,

rameTu tyved gaacno Tavi.

maSin Seewyala SroSanas ucxoebisTvis, aevso cremliT Tvalni da daaZa-

la samefo saxlSi wahyoloda, xolo wminda ninom ar ineba wasvla masTan

da wavida SroSana.

amis Semdeg mesame dRes Camovida mtkvarze da gaemarTa mefis baRSi,

sadac amJamad aris sveti igi RvTiT aRmarTuli da sakaTalikoso eklesia.

roca mivida baRis karTan, ixila mcire saxli baRis mcvelia. Sevida wmida

nino. ijda iq dedakaci, saxelad anastos. roca dedakacma ixila nino adga,

moexvia da Seitkbo, rogorc nacnobma, dabana xelebi, scxo zeTi, miarTva

puri da Rvino. dahyo masTan wmida ninom cxra Tve.

anastos da misi qmari uSviloebi iyvnen da wuxdnen uSvilobisaTvis.

wmida ninos eCvena: movida kaci naTlisferi da Tqva: Sedi am baRSi, xeze

aSvebuli vazia _ babilo, naZvTa qveS. aiRe miwa am adgilidan, SeaWame magaT

da eyolebaT Svili~. hyo ase wmida ninom da uTxra: `dausabamo RvTis Zis,

qristes ZaliT, romelic Tanamosaydre aris mamisa da sulisa wmidisa da

romelic Seni xsnisaTvis gankacda, jvars ecva, daefla, aRdga mesame dRes,

amaRlda zecad, dajda mamis gverdiT, kvlav mova didebiT gansasjelad

cocxlebisa da mkvdrebisa, man mogces Sen gulisxmis-yofa~. da auwya yove-

li gza WeSmariti.

maSin col-qmarma aRiara qriste da daemowafnen farulad. wmida ninom

qalaqis zRudis gareT ipovna mayvlis buCqi, sadac axla aris zemo eklesi-

is sakurTxeveli, saepiskoposo. da is Seqmna Tavis sayoflad. Seqmna nasx-

levisagan jvari da aRmarTa am buCqis qveS. marad loculobda dRe da

Rame daucxromlad. da emsaxureboda es col-qmari. ukvirdaT misi Rvawli,

locva da mRviZareba.


da mravalgzis midiodnen uriaTa ubanSi ebrauli enisa da uflis kvar-

Tis gamoZiebisaTvis, romlis Sesaxebac ierusalimSi moismina niaforisgan,

rom `kvarTi uflisa mcxeTel ebraelebs wauRiaTo~. amisaTvis gamoeZiebda

uriebTan, rom gaego raime kvarTis Sesaxeb.

da ipova erTi ebraeli mRvdeli, saxeliT abiaTari da uqadaga mas da mis

asuls sidonias Cveni uflis ieso qristes saxareba. irwmunes da daemowafnen

isini da sxva eqvsi ebraeli qali. da naTlisRebis gareSe aiRes wmida

ninos swavlis uReli. rameTu ara ipoveboda mRvdeli, romelic naTelss-

cemda da farulad iyvnen misi mowafeni. kurnavda da qristes ZaliT

sakvirvelebebs hyofda: mravali ganrRveuli gankurna.

ase imyofeboda qalaq mcxeTaSi sam wels. am dros SeiWrnen mirian mefe

da misi Zmiswuli, sparsTa mefe, saberZneTSi, xolo konstantine berZenTa

mefem qristes ZaliT da jvris winamZRvrobiT gandevna es mefeebi da maTi

mravali molaSqre mosra.

Tqmuli abiaTar mRvdelisa, romelic daemowafawmidasa da netar ninos

`me, abiaTar mRvdeli, wilisyriT vmRvdelobdi im weliwads, roca wmida

da netari nino movida mcxeTaSi. maSin momivida werili antioqiidan, ebrae-

li mRvdlebisgan, romelSic ewera: `samad gahyo RmerTma israelis samefo.

Cveni winaswarmetyvelebi dacxrnen, aRsrulda yovelive da ganvibnieniT

yvela qveyanaSi. romaelebma daipyres Cveni qveyana. vtirodiT erTurTs,

rameTu ganvarisxeT Semoqmedi RmerTi. axla ki ganixile moses wigni da is

sityva, romelic dagviwera Cven: `romeli ityYs queyanasa zeda RmrTad

Tavsa TYssa, Zelsa damoekiden~. an rom avcdenodiT ieso nazarevelis sikvdils!

rameTu vxedavT, roca Cveni winapari mamebi Sescodebdnen xolme RmerTs da

daiviwyebdnen mas, maSin tyveobasa da gansacdelSi xvdebodnen, xolo roca

moiqceodnen da SesTxovdnen, maSin srulad ganSordebodnen Wirs. es Svidg-

zis viciT werilidan. xolo axla, radganac Cvenma mamebma xeli Seaxes im

mwiri dedakacis Zes da mokles is, aiRo RmerTma xeli wyalobisa Cvengan

da gahyo Cveni samefo, gangvaSora mis wminda taZars da ugulebelyo Cveni

eri sruliad, da imis Semdeg gavida 300 weli da metic, aRar Seismina Cveni

vedreba da unda vifiqroT, rom zeciT iyo is kaci~.

amis Semdeg viwye gamokiTxva ninosgan qristes Sesaxeb, Tu vin iyo is da

ra mizeziT iqmna Ze RvTisa kacad. maSin aRaRo piri wmida ninom, rogorc

aRmomdinare wyarom da iwyo sityva saukuniTgan. Cvens wignebs zepir aRmo-

ityoda, gonebadakarguls gonier-gvyofda, ZmaTa CvenTa Segvabralebda da

rjulis cvalebas dagvajerebda, sanam ar virwmune misi sityva. ieso qriste-

Ze RvTisa, misi vneba da aRdgoma. misi saSineli meored mosvla da warmarT-


Ta molodini. me da Cemi Svili misi gansawmedelis sapkureblis miRebis

Rirsi SeviqmeniT, im wylis embazisa, romelsac natrobda daviT da ver

eRirsa. da mesma me axlisa rjulisa, sagaloblisa, romelsac natrobda

daviT. Rirs viqmeniT RvTis Zis-qristes sisxlisa da xorcis ziarebisa,

tkbil ars gemos-xilva qveynis codvaTaTvis Sewiruli kravisa. da ase inebe,

ufalo, gansvla Cemi xorcidan. da kvlav mravali saswauli ixila Cemma

Tvalebma wmida ninos mier aRsrulebuli Cvens dReebSi.

Tqmuli misive, abiaTar mRvdelisa, kvarTisaTvisuflisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi

`me, abiaTar mRvdeli, mogiTxrobT im ambavs, romelic meuwya da Cemi yuriT

movismine mamisa da dedisagan da wignidanac vici, rameTu maTac mSoblebisa

da papebisagan moTxrobiT da smeniT icodnen, rom roca herode mefobda

ierusalims, maSin gvesma. `ierusalimi sparselebma daipyreso~, ris gamoc

iqmna glova da wuxili qarTveli ebraelebisa, mcxeTis mkvidrTa, bodeli

mRvdlebisa, kodiswyaroeli mwignobrebisa, sobis kananelTa TargmanTa —

eseni yvelani moemzadnen saltolvelad, xolo ramdenime dRis Semdeg

movida xma nugeSiscemisa, rom `sparselebi dasapyrobad ki ar movidnen

ierusalimSi, aramed iaraRis nacvlad mohqondaT samefo oqro, muri —

avadmyofobis mswrafl mkurnali, da gundruki saamo surnelebisa. da eZebd-

nen vinme axalSobil yrmas, daviTis Zes. ipoves erTi, mwiri dedakacisagan

Sobili udrood da uadgilo adgilas. da eseni am yrmis TayvaniscemisTvis

movidnen da mas Seswires ZRveni igi~. es rom gaiges, iqmna didi sixaruli

yovelTa zeda huriaTa qarTvelTa.

amis Semdeg, roca gavida 30 weli, maSin mowera ana mRvdelma ierusalim-

idan Cvens mamaTamamas _ eliozs, rom is, romlisTvisac sparsTa mefeebi

ZRveniT movidnen, gaizarda, ukve asakSia da Tavis Tavs uwodebs RvTis Zes.

modiT yvelani mis sikvdilze, raTa aResrulos moses mcneba~. da wavida

aqedan elioz mRvdeli, Cemi mamaTa mama, moxucebuli kaci da hyavda mas

deda elia mRvdlis tomisgan da erTi da. evedreboda eliozs dedamisi

ase: ̀ wadi, Svilo, mefis mowodebiT da rjulis wesis Tanaxmad, xolo rasac

isini ganizraxaven, nu SeuerTdebi cnobierad, rameTu igi aris sityva wina-

swarmetyvelTa da igavi brZenTa~. wavidnen elioz mcxeTeli da longinoz

karsneli da iq daeswrnen uflis jvarcmas.

xolo roca damsWvales ufali da kveriT dahkres samsWvals, aq eliozis

dedas moesma, ikivla da Tqva. ̀ mSvidobiT, mefobao huriaTao, rameTu mohkaliT

Tqveni macxovari da iqmeniT Semoqmedis mkvleli. vai, Cems Tavs, amaze win rad

ar movkvdi, rom Cems yurebs ar moesminaT~. da ase Seisvena (gardaicvala).


xolo uflis kvarTi wilad xvdaT

mcxeTelebs. wamoiRo eliozma da

moitana mcxeTas. da moegeba misi dai

cremliani. moexvia yelze Tavis Zmas,

gamoarTva iesos samoseli, miikra

mkerdze da suli ganuteva am sami

tkiviliT. qristes sikvdilisaTvis,

dedisa da ZmisTvis, romelic eziara

uflis sisxls.

maSin am sakvirvelebam didad Sea-

SfoTa mcxeTa, gaukvirda TviT did

aderki mefes, xalxis simravlesa da

mTavrebs. moewona aderki mefes es

samoseli, magram sakvirvelebisgan

zardacemuli da SeSinebuli iyo. ar

ineba gamoReba mkvdris xelidan,

romelsac magrad da surviliT Cae-

kra samoseli. eliozma damarxa Tavi-

si da, mas xelT hqonda samoseli

uflisa. es adgili sad aris, ufalma icis.

mravali wlis Semdeg aderki mefis Zmiswulma armazaelma moiZia es

samoseli ebraelebTan da ver ipova, rameTu auwyes yoveli, rac iyo. aravin

icis, sad aris es adgili, ician mxolod, rom aris libanidan Camotanili

da mcxeTas darguli da gazrdili naZvis maxloblad~. mravalgzis brZana

dedaman Cvenma wmida ninom, rom mogveZia es samoseli, magram masac uTxres:

`es is adgilia, sadac kacTa ena ar dadumdeba RvTis sagaloblad~.

da esec meuwya mamaCemisgan, rom aris sxvac: saRmrTo ZaliT Semosili

ormagi xaleni eliasi am qalaqSi~. eliozis saxli iyo qalaqis dasavleTiT,

mogvTa xids iqiT.

im dReebSi mravalgzis ixila Cveneba wmida ninom, TiTqosda modiodnen

cis frinvelebi Savi ferisani, Sevidodnen mdinareSi, ganibandnen, ganspetakde-

bodnen da aRvidodnen baRSi, maRlari vazis (babilo) yurZens SeWamdnen,

yvavilebs moZovdnen da ase surviliT wmida ninosTan mividodnen, TiTqosda

misi iyo is baRi, Semoudgebodnen mSvenieri JiviliT garSemo. es uTxra

wmida ninom Tavis mowafe sidonias, abiaTaris asuls, xolo sidoniam uTxra

wmida ninos: ̀ ucxov da tyveTa mxsnelo tyveo, ici, rom Sens mier movida es

axali dro, Sens mier ismis is Zveli ambavi, mamaTa CvenTa naqmari: sisxlis

daTxeva im zeciuri kacisa, rac safuZvlad daedo ebraelebis sircxvils,

mTel qveyanaze kidiTkidemde ganbneva, maTi mefobis dacema, wmida taZris

warTmeva, ucxo eris mowodeba maTi didebis maTTvis misacemad~. ierusalim,


ierusalim, ierusalim, rogor gagiSlia frTebi da Semoikreb Seni frTebis

qveS ciskiduris yvela ers. aha, aqac mosula es dedakaci, romelic Secvlis

am qveynis yovel wess~. da uTxra wmida ninos _ `es Seni Cveneba is aris,

rom es adgili Sens mier iqceva samoTxed~.

saberZneTidan mefe konstantines mier damarcxebuli mirian mefis mosv-

lamde wmida ninom gancxadebulad daiwyo qristes rjulis qadageba, gamo-

aCina vazis nasxlevis jvari da miT iqmoda did sakvirvelebas: wamlis

gareSe ganrRveuli gankurna jvris SexebiT. masTan erTad qadagebdnen misi

mowafeebi, romlebic Tavdapirvelad farulad daemowafnen — Svidi ebrae-

li qali: sidonia, abiaTaris asuli da sxva eqvsi, baRis mcveli col-qmari

da abiaTar mRvdeli _ axali pavle, romelic uSiSrad da daucxromlad

qadagebda qristes rjuls. is didi mcodne iyo Zveli rjulisa. axali

rjuli iswavla wmida ninosgan da ninoze ufro metad uxsnida yovel kacs

WeSmarit rjuls.

maSin aRiZrnen ebraelebi da surdaT qviT CaeqolaT abiaTari, xolo man,

mefem, miavlina msaxuri da gadaarCina abiaTari sikvdils, rameTu mirian

mefes hqonda survili qristes rjulisa. mas esmoda qristes rjulis

saswauli saberZneTsa da somxeTSi da ar abrkolebda wmida ninos da misi

mowafeebis qadagebas. magram ebrZoda eSmaki, uCino mteri, da ar aRiarebda

qristes aRmsareblobas, xolo nana dedofali ufro gulficxeli iyo da

Seuracxyofda maT qadagebas.

wmida nino loculobda daucxromlad Tavis sayudelSi, mayvlis qveS.

gaocebulni iyvnen misi locviTa da mRviZarebiT. eucxoebodaT es saqme.

daiwyes misi gamokiTxva, is auwyebda Zvel da axal wignebs, ganabrZnobda

ugunurebs da ugulisxmoebs da maT gulSi nergavda qristes siyvaruls.

da ase iyo sam wels, gancxadebulad qadagebda qristes da mravali

daimowafa. maSin iyo erTi ymawvili, mZimed sneuli. mimohqonda igi dedamiss

kardakar, raTa epovna vinme mcodne kurnebisa. magram ver ipova mkurnali

da uTxres: aRaraferi eSveleba mag ymas. es qali iyo warmarTi da gul-

ficxi. sZagda qristianuli sjuli, uSlida sxvebsac wmida ninosTan misv-

las, magram roca sasowarkveTilebas mieca sxva mkurnalTagan, mivida wmida

ninosTan, davarda mis winaSe da evedreboda yrmis gankurnebas. maSin uTxra

wmida ninom: ̀ kurnebas, romelic adamianisgan aris, me ar vyof, xolo RmerT-

ma Cemma _ qristem gankurnos es yrma, romelic yvelasgan ganwirulia~.

kilikze loculobda xolme wmida nino, masze daadebina yrma da daiwyo

RmerTis mimarT vedreba. maSinve ganikurna is yrma, gamojanmrTelebuli

misca dedamiss. xolo yrmis dedam aRiara qriste da Tqva: `ar aris sxva

RmerTi, garda qristesi, romelsac qadagebs nino~, da daemowafa wmida ninos,

Seudga mis kvals da adidebda RmerTs.

nana dedofalic Zlier dasneulda. veravin gankurna igi, Tumca, yvela

xelovanma mkurnalma scada Tavisi wamlebi. uRononi da sasowarkveTilni


iyvnen. auwyes dedofals, rom `romaeli tyve dedakacis locviT, romel-

sac nino hqvia, mravalni sneulni ganikurnen~. maSin ubrZana Tavis msax-

urebs, raTa moeyvanaT nino. mividnen dedoflis msaxurebi da ipoves nino

mayvlis buCqis qveS, meeqvse Jams64 loculobda. uTxres dedoflis brZane-

ba, xolo wmida ninom uTxra: ̀ ara maqvs brZaneba (neba), rom mivide iq, sadac

Cveni Sveba ar aris, TviTon dedofali movides Cems sayofelSi da WeSmar-

itad ganikurneba qristes ZaliT~. msaxurebma uTxres wmida ninos naTqvami

dedofals. maSin dedofalma brZana: `SemimzadeT sawoli da mimiyvaneT

masTan~. sawoliT waiyvanes msaxurebma, misma Zem revim da eris simravlem.

roca mividnen wmida ninos samyofelTan, dades dedofali sagebel kil-

ikze. daiwyo wmida ninom locva da vedreba RvTis mimarT.

moiRo jvari, romelic hqonda, Seaxo Tavze, fexebsa da mxrebze jvris-

saxed da maSinve ganikurna da adga gamojanmrTelebuli, irwmuna qriste da

Tqva: `ar aris sxva RmerTi, qristes garda, romelsac qadagebs es tyve

dedakaci~. da im droidan gaixada is megobrad da Tavis Sinaurad. marad

hkiTxavda da gamowvlilviT gamoeZiebda qristes rjuls. aswavlidnen wmi-

da nino, abiaTari _ axali pavle da misi asuli sidonia. morwmune gaxda

dedofali da cno WeSmariti RmerTi.

gamohkiTxa mefem dedofals, Tu rogor ganikurna meyseulad. mouTxro dedo-

falma, rac iqmna masze, Tu rogor ganikurna wamlis gareSe locviT da jvris-

SexebiT. am saswaulis mxilveli eris simravle amowmebda dedoflis sityvebs.

maSin gankvirda mirian mefe, daiwyo gamoZieba qristes rjulisa, mraval-

gzis hkiTxa uriayofil abiaTar mRvdels Zveli da axali rjuli. nebroTis

wignSic, romelic hqonda mirian mefes, ipova erTi adgili: godolis aSenebis

dros zecidan gaisma xma nebroTis mimarT: `me var miqael, RmerTis mier

dadgenili aRmosavleTis mTavrad. gadi mag qalaqidan, rameTu RmerTi faravs

mag qalaqs. ukanasknel Jams mova meufe cisa, romlis xilvac Sen gnebavs.

misi SiSi ganaqarvebs amqveyniur sitkbos. mefeni mefobas datoveben da

siglaxakes dauwyeben Zebnas. is gixilavs WirSi da gixsnis Sen~. maSin

gulisxma-yo mirianma, rom Zveli da axali wignebi emowmebodnen da nebro-

Tis wignic amtkicebda. da mas gauCnda survili qristes rjulisa, magram

ebrZoda uCino mteri da abrkolebda qristes aRiarebisgan, gulSi imeds

itovebda kerpebisas da cecxlisas.

mudam evedreboda dedofali qristes aRsarebisaTvis. dedoflis moqce-

vis Semdeg mefe ori weli orgulobda. am dros wmida nino ers aswavlida

daucxromlad, magram aravis eubneboda: ̀ vin var da saidan movedi~, aramed

tyves uwodebda Tavis Tavs.

amis Semdeg sparseli mTavari mogvi saxelad xuara, dasneulda da sikvdilis

pirs iyo. is iyo mirian mefis naTesavi. Seevedrnen wmida ninos nana dedo-

fali da mefe. mefe mis saqmes cota eWviT uyurebda, amitomac uTxra wmida

ninos: `romeli ZaliT mkurnalob Sen? an armazis asuli xar, an zadenis


Svili. ucxoeTidan moxvedi, amaT Seevedre da mogces wyaloba, moganiWes

kurnebis Zala, raTa gearseba ucxo qveyanaSi. didebul arian ukunisamde.

xolo Sen iyavi CvenTan, rogorc Cveni Svili, am qalaqSi pativcemuli.

magram nu iqadageb romaelTa Secdomil rjuls da nurc ityvi, rameTu es

didi da soflis mpyrobeli RmerTebi, mzis momfeneli, wvimis momcemeli da

yoveli sulieri arsebis gamomzrdeli qarTlis RmerTebi armazi da zadeni,

yovelive dafarulis gamomeZiebelni, Cveni mamebis Zveli RmerTebi gaci da

gaim — isini unda swamdeT adamianebs. Tu gankurnav am mTavars — gagamdi-

dreb da mcxeTis mkvidr-moqalaqeobas mogcem, dagayeneb armazis msaxurad.

marTalia, maSin haeriTa da setyviT Seimusrnen, magram is adgili uZleve-

lia. es qarTvelTa armazi da qaldevelTa RmerTi iTrujan maradi mtrebi

arian. aman masze zRva miaqcia da man ki aseTi urva moawia, rogoradac aris

qveynis mpyrobelTa Cveuleba, da SenTvis sakmarisi iyos es brZaneba~. miugo

netarma ninom: `qristes saxeliT da misi dedis vedrebiT moavlinos Senze

RmerTma — cisa da qveynis Semoqmedma, yoveli dabadebulis dambadebelma,

Tavisi mravalmowyalebisgan madlis erTi naperwkali, raTa icno da gulisxma-

hyo cis simaRle da mzis naTeli, zRvis siRrme da qveynis sivrce. icode,

mefev, vin mosavs cas RrubliT da quxs haerSi, iZvris qveyana misi simZaf-

riT. aris mexTa texa da mis kvalze cecxli aRegzneba misi guliswyromiT.

icode, rom RmerTi aris caSi. Tavad is uxilavia yovelive dabadebulisgan,

garda misi Zisa, romelic misgan gamovida da qveynad movida rogorc kaci,

romelmac aRasrula yovelive, risTvisac iyo mosuli da aRvida zecaSi

mamasTan da ixila dausabamo, romelic maRlaa da mdabalTa xedavs. male

mogxedavs RmerTi, rameTu aris am qalaqSi erTi saswauli: samoseli Rmer-

Tis Zisa da Tqves, elias xalenic aq ariso da mravali saswaulia, romel-

sac RmerTi gamoaCens. axla ki me Sens mTavars ganvkurnav qriste RmerTis

ZaliT da misi vnebis jvriT, rogorc dedofali ganvkurne senisgan~.

da mihgvares mas is mTavari, movida dedofalic baRSi naZvis qveS, daayena

aRmosavleTiT, aawevina xelebi da aTqmevina samgzis: `ganveSorebi Sengan,

eSmako, da Sevudgebi qristesa RmerTis Zesa~. tiroda nino da SesTxovda

RmerTs, Sewevnoda am kacs. mowafeebi masTan iyvnen iq erTi dRe da ori

Rame. da swrafad gavida misgan suli boroti da daemowafnen ninos Tavian-

Ti saxliT da eriT da adidebdnen RmerTs.

Tqmuli sidonia dedakacisa, romelmacixila da aRwera...

erT zafxulis dRes, 20 ivliss, SabaTs, gavida mefe muxranisaken sanad-

irod. am dros uCino mterma — eSmakma, gulSi Caugdo kerpebisa da cecxlis

siyvaruli. gaixsena msaxureba kerpebisa da isurva maxviliT amowyveta yvela


qristianisa. uTxra mefem Tavis oTx Tanamzraxvels: ̀ Rirsni varT, rom Cvenma

RmerTma boroti gviyos, radganac aRar vemsaxurebiT mas da mivuSviT Tavis

nebaze grZneuli qristiani mqadageblebi TavianTi rjulis saqadageblad

Cvens qveyanaSi. isini grZneulebiT akeTeben sakvirvelebas. axla aseTia Cemi

ganzraxva, borotad gavwyvitoT yvela Tayvanismcemeli jvarcmulisa, da ume-

tesad vemsaxuroT qarTlis mpyrobel RmerTebs, vamxiloT dedofali nana,

Cemi coli. movananiebinoT da davatovebinoT jvarcmulis rjuli. Tu ar

damemorCileba, daviviwyeb mis siyvaruls da sxvebTan erTad wavrwymidav

masac~. daeTanxmnen misi Tanamzraxvelebi, radganac maTac am saqmis Sesrule-

ba mxurvaled undodaT, adreve surdaT, magram ver acxadebdnen.

xolo mefem movlo sanaxebi muxranisa, avida TxoTis maRal mTaze, raTa

moexila kaspi da ufliscixe. ganvida mTis Txemze. Sua samxrobisas dabnel-

da mze mTaze da iqmna rogorc Rame, bneli, ukuni. daipyro sibnelem areni

da adgilni. ganSordnen erTmaneTs Wirisa da urvis gamo. darCa mefe

marto, iareboda mTaTa da maRranTa SeSinebuli da SeZrwunebuli. dadga

erT adgilas, gadaewura imedi Tavis sicocxlisa da roca movida cnobaze,

ganizraxa gulSi: `aha, SevTxove Cems RmerTebs da ver vpove lxineba. axla

juarcmuls, romelsac qadagebs wmida nino da kurnavs misiT, ar SeuZlia

Cemi xsna am Wirisagan? rameTu cocxlad var jojoxeTSi da ar vici mTeli

qveyana daiqca, Tu mxolod CemTvis iqmna es. axla Tu marto CemTvis aris es

Wiri, ninos RmerTo, ganminaTle es bneli da miCvene Cemi samyofeli da

vaRiareb Sens saxels, aRvmarTav jvris Zels da Tayvans vcem mas. avaSeneb

CemTvis salocvel saxls da viqnebi morCili ninosi romaelTa rjulze~.

yovelive es rom warmoTqva, ganaTda da gamobrwyinda mze. CamoqveiTda

cxenidan mefe, dadga imave adgilas, ganipyrna xelni aRmosavleTiT da

Tqva: `Sen xar RmerTi yovelTa zeda RmerTTa da ufali yovelTa zeda

ufalTa, RmerTi, romelsac nino ityvis. saqebelia Seni saxeli yoveli

dabadebulisgan cis qveS da qveyanaze, rameTu Sen mixseni Wirisgan da

ganminaTle bneli. aha, vcnob. rameTu ginda Cemi xsna, lxena da SenTan

miaxleba. kurTxeulo ufalo, am adgilas aRvmarTav Zelis jvars, romliTac

idideba Seni saxeli da moixsenieba es saswaulebrivi saqme ukunisamde~.

daiswavla es adgili da wamovida. ixiles naTeli da SeuerTda gabneuli

xalxi. mefe ki RaRadebda. `mieciT ninos RmerTs dideba, rameTu is aris

saukuniTgan RmerTi da mxolod mas Svenis dideba ukunisamde~.

nana dedofali da yoveli eri gavida mefis misagebeblad, rameTu esmaT

pirvelad daRupva, xolo Semdeg mSvidobiT mosvla, miegebnen qinZarasa da

RarTaSi. xolo netari nino loculobda mwuxrs mayvlovanSi misi Cveuleb-

isamebr. Cven masTan viyaviT ormocdaaTi suli. roca movida mefe, iZvroda

qalaqi da maRali xmiT RaRadebda mefe: `sad aris is ucxo dedakaci,

romelic aris dedaCemi da misi RmerTi Cemi mxsnelia~. da roca uTxres:


`aq, mayvlovanSia da loculobs~, mivida TviT mefe da mTeli laSqari,

Camoxda mefe cxenidan da uTxra ninos: `axla Rirsi var Seni RmerTis da

Cemi mxsnelis saxelis aRiarebisa~. wmida ninom aswavla, aRmosavleTiT eca

Tayvani da eRiarebina qriste Ze RvTisa.

maSin grgvinavda da tiroda yoveli kaci, roca xedavdnen mefesa da

dedofals cremlovanT. meore dRes mirian mefem waravlina mociquli

saberZneTSi konstantine berZenTa mefis winaSe. masve gaatana ninos wigni

elene dedofalTan. da auwyes yovelive saswauli mirianisa qristesmieri,

romelic mcxeTaSi moxda da iTxoves saswrafod mRvdelni naTlisRebi-

sTvis. xolo wmida nino da misi mowafeebi uqadagebdnen ers dRe da Rame

daucxromlad da uCvenebdnen WeSmarit gzas.

Tqmuli misive eklesiis aRSenebisaTvis

roca mefe da mTeli eri qristianobas daewafa mRvdlebis mosvlamde,

uTxra mefem wmida ninos: `msurs saswrafod avaSeno RvTis saxli, sad

avaSeno?~ uTxra wmida ninom: `sadac mefeTa goneba mtkicea~. uTxra mas

mefem: `miyvars me Seni mayvlovani, iq mnebavs Cemi gonebiT, magram ase ar

vyof da ar moveridebi samefo baRs, am naZvTa simaRles, am babilos nayofi-

erebasa da yvavilTa surnelebas, rameTu Cveneba, romelic ixile Sen, Savfr-

Tiani frinvelebis ganbana wyliT, brwyinvaled ganspetakeba da dasxdoma

maTi am baRis xeebze, maTi tkbilxmovaneba, — WeSmaritad, es xorcieli

warmavali baRi Segvecvleba saukuno samoTxed. aq aRvaSenoT RvTis saxli,

Cven salocvelad, saberZneTidan mRvdlebis mosvlamdeo~.

saswrafod moiRo Zali. aswavlida xuroebs, mohkveTes is naZvi da am

naZvisgan Seamzada eklesiis Svidi sveti. ZelebiT aaSenes kedeli da aR-

marTes eqvsi sveti TavianT adgilebze, xolo udidesi svetis aRmarTva.

romelic sakvirveli iyo saxilvelad da gamzadebuli iyo Sua eklesiis

Sesadgmelad, ver SeZles. auwyes mefes, rom adgilidanac ver daZres es

sveti. maSin movida mefe eris simravliT, moitanes mravalRone manqanebi.

simarjviTa da xalxis simravlis ZaliT Seecadnen aRmarTvas da ver Se-

Zles. gakvirvebuli iyo mefe da xalxi da ambobdnen: `ra aris es?~ roca

mosaRamovda: wavida mefe Tavis saxlSi, friad Sewuxebuli, xolo wmida nino

da Tormeti misi mowafe qali dadgnen svetTan. xolo sanatreli igi

godebda am svetze da adenda Tavis cremls.

SuaRamisas gadmoiqca orive mTa — armazi da zadeni, TiTqos Camoir-

Rvnen da daayenes orive wyali: da mtkvarma gadmoxeTqa da mihqonda qala-

qi. gaisma sazareli tyebisa da godebis xma. da agreTve aragvi gardamoxda

cixeze da Seiqmna sazareli grgvinva. SeeSindaT qalebs da iltvodnen.

xolo wmida nino RaRadebda: `nu geSiniaT, dano Cemno, mTani aqve arian,

wyalni aqve dian, da xalxs, yvelas sZinavs. xolo es TiTqosda mTebi rom


daiZrnen, marTali Cvenebaa, rameTu urwmunoebis mTani dairRvnen qarTlSi,

xolo wyali rom dadga, kerpebisadmi Sewiruli yrmebis sisxli Sewyda.

xolo tyebis xma eSmakTa simravle aris, rameTu igloven Tavsa Tvissa,

romelnic am adgilebidan gaiqcnen ZaliTa maRlisa da qristes jvariT.

iloceT RvTis mimarT~. da maSinve dacxra is xma da iyo arara.

da dadga wmida nino, ganipyro xelni da daiwyo locva RmrTis mimarT

da ambobda: `raTa ar dabrkoldes es saqme, romlisTvisac warmarTulia

mefe~. da kvlav, mamlis yivilamde qalaqis samive kars dasca zari Zlierma

laSqarma. dalewes karni da aRivso qalaqi sparsTa laSqriT, da gaisma

xma SiSismomgvreli, yivili da kvla, da aRivso yoveli adgili sisxliT da

movida simravle maxviliT da SeZaxilebiT. SiSisgan xorci dadneboda da

ganilia suli maTi. tirodnen TavianT naTesavebs. ismoda Zlieri xma: `mefe

sparsTa, mefeT-mefe xuaran-xuara brZanebs: yoveli ebraeli ganarineT pir-

isagan maxvilisa~. es rom momesma, SevorguldiT me da aTnive CemTan myofni,

da moaxloebulni iyvnen maxvilosanni Cvens garemos, scemdnen da klavdnen.

da gaisma Zlieri xma _ `mirian mefe mokleso~. gaixeda mxne moRvawem da

Tqva: ̀ es, romelic yivis, vici, axla didad gaWirvebulia da vmadlob RmerTs,

rom es niSani aris maTi warwymedisa, qarTlisa cxovrebisa da am adgilis

didebisa~, da gvanugeSebda, rogorc xelovani moZRvari, WeSmariti moZRvari

da mociquli qristesi.

miubrunda am momaval xalxs da uTxra: `sad arian mefeni sparsTani

xuara da xuaran-xuara? sabastaniT guSin gamoxvediT, viTom male moxvediT

da didi laSqari xarT, Zlierad daleweT es qalaqi da maxvili daeciT.

qarsa da niavs gahyeviT bneliT CrdiloeTisken, mTaTa da kedarTa. aha,

movida, romlisganac Tqven iltviT~. da ganZra xeli jvrissaxed da meyseu-

lad uCino iqmna yoveli da dadumda garemo. qalebi Sehnatrodnen mas da

adidebdnen RmerTs.

ciskrisJams mierula yvela qals, xolo me, sidonia, mRviZare viyav. is

idga xelganpyrobiT da aha, netars, zed moadga erTi Wabuki sruliad

naTliT Semkobili, Seblardnili cecxlis zewriT da Tqva raRac sami

sityva. xolo is daeca miwaze. Wabukma xeli mohkida svets, aRmarTa da

waiRo maRla. me gakvirvebuli miveaxle mas da vuTxari: `dedofalo, ra

aris es?~ xolo man mipasuxa: `moidrike Tavi qveynad~ da tirili daiwyo.

mcire xnis Semdeg adga da amayena, ganvSordiT am adgils. da qalebmac

ixiles es sveti, cecxlis saxiT Camodioda. miuaxlovda Tavis xarisxs —

monakveTi naZvis Zirs.

riJraJisas adga mefe, urvisgan Sewuxebuli. gaxeda baRs da dawyebul

eklesias. ixila naTeli, rogorc elva aRweuli caSi misi baRidan. sir-

biliT da mkvircxlad modioda misi saxlis simravle da qalaqis xalxi

masTan erTad. maT sakvirveleba ixiles — naTeliT gabrwyinvebuli sveti


Camodioda Tavis adgilze TiTqosda zecidan. da dadga Tavis xarisxze da

daemyara mas kacTagan xelis Seuxeblad. netari iyo is Jami, rameTu am

dros SiSiTa da sixaruliT aRivso qalaqi mcxeTa. dioda cremlTa mdinareni

mefeTa, mTavarTa da mTeli erisa. sulTqmiT adidebdnen RmerTs da na-

trobdnen netar ninos, da im dRes didi saswaulebi xdeboda.

pirvelad movida erTi ebraeli, Sobidan brma, mieaxla svets, aexila maS-

inve Tvalebi. adidebda RmerTs. meored yrma sefewuli moiyvanes, amazaspani,

rva wlisa. sawoliT moitana dedamisma. sarwmunoebiT dado sawoli naTlis

svetis win. evedreboda ninos: `moxede, dedofalo, sikvdils miaxloebul am

Cems Zes, rameTu vici, RmerTi RmerTTa is aris, romelsac Sen emsaxurebi da

Cven gviqadageb~. maSin wmida ninom Seaxo xelis svets, daado yrmas da Tqva:

`gwamdes ieso qriste, Ze RmrTisa, yvela kacis sicocxlisaTvis am qveynad

xorcielad mosuli, ganikurne amieridan da adidebde mas, visma Zalamac

gangkurna~. da uceb aRdga yrma, rogorc utkivneli. daeca SiSi mefesa da

xalxs. sneulebi modiodnen da ganikurnebodnen, sanam mefem ar Seqmna sabur-

veli Zelisa svetis garSemo da dafara xedvisgan. aseve exeboda xalxi mis

sarTuls da ikurneboda. swrafad daiwyo mefem da ganasrula eklesia baRSi.

roca mirian mefis mociqulebma miaRwies berZenTa mefis konstantines

winaSe, mouTxres yovelive rac iqmna. maSin aRivso sixaruliT mefe da

dedamisi elene dedofali: pirvelad imisTvis, rameTu madli RvTisa moe-

fineboda yvela adgils da maT xelqveS naTels-iRebda yoveli qarTli.

xolo Semdgom uxarodaT, rameTu darwmundnen, rom mirian mefe srulebiT

CamoSorda sparselebs da mtkiced miiRo maTi siyvaruli. adidebdnen da

hmadlobdnen RmerTs. gamogzavnes mRvdeli WeSmariti iovane episkoposad

da masTan ori mRvdeli da sami diakoni. miswera mirians konstantine mefem

wigni locvisa da kurTxevisa, RmerTis madlobisa. gamogzavnes jvari da

macxovris xati da masTan didi simdidre. xolo elene dedofalma mowera

wigni qebisa da nugeSiniscemisa.

movidnen iovane episkoposi, masTan erTad mRvdlebi, diakvnebi da moci-

qulebi mcxeTaSi. aRivsnen sixaruliT mefe, dedofali da mTeli maTi xalxi,

rameTu survili hqonda yvelas naTlisRebisa. maSin swrafad gaugzavna

mefe mirianma brZaneba yvela erisTavs, spasalarebs da yovel samefo pirs

mis winaSe misasvlelad. swrafadve movidnen yvelani qalaqSi. maSin naTe-

liRo mefem wmida ninos xelqveS, Semdeg dedofalma, maTma Svilebma mRvdlebisa

da diakvnebis xelqveS. Semdeg akurTxes mdinare mtkvari. episkoposma Seamzada

erTi adgili, mogvTa xidTan, mogvTa karis siaxloves, sadac iyo elioz

mRvdlis saxli, iq naTels-cemda TiToeul warCinebuls, da ewoda am adg-

ils mTavarTa sanaTlo. xolo mis qvemoT mdinarisve piras organ, ori

mRvdeli da diakvnebi naTelscemdnen xalxs. awydeboda xalxi erTmaneTs

da evedrebodnen mRvdlebs, raTa pirvelad is moenaTla. ase eswrafoda

naTlisRebas yvela.


aseTi saxiT naTel-iRo mTelma xalxma da qarTlis simravlem. ar moin-

aTlnen mxolod kavkasieli mTiulebi da arc movidnen am naTlis mofenaze,

aramed darCnen sibneleSi ramdenime xans. da mcxeTeli ebraelebic ar

moinaTlnen, barnabianebi (barnabas saxli) moinaTlnen da WeSmarit qris-

tianebad iqcnen. amisTvis mefis winaSe didni gaxdnen, uboZa maT daba,

romelsac hqvia cixedidi. aseve ar moinaTla ferozi, siZe mirian mefisa,

romelsac hqonda mirian mefisgan micemuli rani bardavamde. arc misma

erma miiRo naTeli, aramed mxolod xorcielad emsaxurebodnen mefes.

maSin gagzavna mirian mefem episkoposi iovane da masTan erTad erTi

warCinebuli konstantine mefesTan da iTxova nawili Zelisa cxovrebisa,

romelic imJamad aRmoeCina RvTismoyvare elene dedofals. iTxova mravali

mRvdeli, raTa mievlinebina yovel qalaqsa da adgilze da moenaTlaT

xalxi, rom monaTluliyo qarTlis yoveli suli. aseve iTxova qviTxuroni

eklesiebis aSenebisTvis. roca mividnen konstantine mefis winaSe, sixaru-

liT uboZa nawili Zelisa cxovrebisa da is ficari, romelzedac iyo

damsWvaluli uflis fexebi, agreTve samsWvalni xelebisa. warmogzavna

mRvdelni da xuroni friad mravalni, rameTu konstantine mefem misi mefo-

bisas aaSena wmida eklesiebi. misca ganZi episkopos iovanes da ubrZana:

`sadac saWirod miiCnev qarTlSi, iq aRaSene eklesiebi Cems saxelze da es

simdidre daamkvidre qarTlis qalaqebSi~.

da wamovida episkoposi da masTan erTad mirianis mociquli, mividnen im

adgilas, romelsac hqvia eruSeTi. datova iq xuroebi eklesiis asaSeneblad,

datova ganZi, uflis samsWvalni da wamovida. da agreTve wundaSi datova

xuroebi da ganZi, eklesiis dawyebisas wamovida, movida manglisSi, aqac

daiwyo eklesiis Seneba da datova uflis ficari.

maSin Sewuxda imisTvis mirian mefe, rom pirvelad samefo qalaqSi ar

movidnen, aramed sxva qalaqebsa da adgilebSi daiwyes eklesiis Seneba da

datoves nawilebi. mivida wmida nino mefesTan da uTxra: ̀ nu swuxar, mefeo,

rameTu ase sjobia, sadac mividnen, daTeses RvTis saxeli. aris am qalaqSi

samoseli uflisa~.

maSin moiyvana mefem abiaTar mRvdeli da masTan erTad mravali ebraeli

da gamoikiTxa maTgan uflis kvarTisaTvis, xolo maT mouTxres yovelive,

romelic zemoT weria. maSin aRapyro xeli mirian mefem da Tqva: `kurTx-

eul xar, Sen ufalo, ieso qriste, Zeo RvTisa cxovelisao, rameTu Tavidanve

gindoda Cveni xsna eSmakisagan da misi bneli adgilisagan, amisTvis Seni

wminda samoseli warmoec wminda qalaq ierusalimidan, Seni RvTaebis arm-

codne ebraelebisgan da mogvec Cven, ucxo ers~.

mefe da mTeli qalaqi ganmtkicdeboda qristianobaSi. daiwyes xuroebma

zRudis gareT eklesiis Seneba, wminda ninos sayofel mayvlovanSi, sadac

axla aris saepiskoposo eklesia. maSin Tqva wminda ninom: `kurTxeul ars


ufali ieso qriste da mama uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi. romelmac

moavlina wminda sityva misi zecis simaRlidan, Zlieri taxtisgan gadmosu-

li qveynad, mdablad Sobili daviTis Teslisgan, dedakacisgan mxolodSo-

bilisa wmindisa da ubiwoisa. Cveni cxovrebis mizezi, romelmac cis qveS

yvelaferi gaanaTla da morwmuneni acxovna, romelic iSva rogorc kaci,

naTeli yovelTa, mama RmerTis xati da viTarca vinme sulis msaxurma naTel

iRo wylisagan da sulisagan da jvars ecva, daefla da aRdga mesame dRes,

da aRxda simaRlesa mamisa Tana, da kvlav mova didebiT, romelsac Svenis

yovelive dideba, pativi da Tayvaniscema mamiT da suliT wmidiT~.

aRmarTebisaTvis patiosnisa jvrisa

qarTlis moqcevis dros idga erTi xe kldis borcvze, Seuval adgilas, es

xe iyo friad mSvenieri. da sakvirveleba am xisgan is iyo, rom isarcemuli

nadiri, romelic mividoda da SeWamda am xis foTols an Tesls, aRar

mokvdeboda, Tundac sasikvdilod daWrili yofiliyo. es Zlier akvirvebda

pirvel warmarTebs. auwyes episkopos iovanes am xis Sesaxeb. xolo episko-

posma Tqva: ̀ aha, WeSmaritad, es qveyana Tavdapirveladvea Senaxuli RvTisgan

Tavis msaxurad, rameTu RmerTisgan aRmocenda es xe, am droisaTvis Senaxu-

li, rameTu axla moefina RmerTis madli qarTls, da am xisgan jer ars

patiosani jvris Seqmna, romelsac Tayvans scems qarTlis mTeli simravle~.

da wavidnen rev, Ze mefisa, episkoposi da xalxis simravle. mohkveTes es

xe da Tavis rtoebianad wamoiRes da mohqonda aT aTeul kacs, zeze rtoe-

biT da foTlebiTurT, Semoitanes qalaqSi, zamTris dros, roca sxva yoveli

xe xmeli iyo, xolo es foToldaucveneli, surnelovani da saxilvelad

mSvenieri. da Zirze daayenes eklesiis karebTan, samxreTiT, sadac uberavda

neli niavi da Slida mis foTlebs, Zravda mis rtoebs da misi xilva

mSvenieri iyo, rogorc gvsmenia _ alvis xisa.

es xe mohkveTes 25 marts, paraskevs, da idga ase 37 dRe. da ar Seicvala

feri misma foTlebma, idga Tavis Zirze, wyaros TavTan, vidre ar Seimosa

yvela xe foTliT, xolo nayofis gamomRebeli xeebi _ yvaviliT.

maSin, 1-el maiss, Seqmnes jvari, 7 maiss aRmarTa mefis xelis dadebiT

qalaqis mTelma xalxma, da aha, zecidan Camovida cecxlis jvari da rogorc

varskvlavT-gvirgvini daadga eklesias ganTiadamde. gariJraJisas misgan

gamovida ori varskvlavi, erTi wavida aRmosavleTiT da erTi dasavleTiT.

da is TviTon (varskvlavgvirgvini) aseve brwyinvaled nel-nela gadavida

aragvze da dadga kldis borcvze, zemo mxares, im wyaros siaxloves, romel-

ic wmida ninos cremlebma aRmoacena da iqidan amaRlda zecad. da ase

mravalgzis ixila mTelma xalxma macxovareba RvTisa Cvenisa. maSin gamoh-

kiTxes wmida ninos, Tu ra aris, rom erTi brwyinvale varskvlavi aRmosav-


leTiT midis, meore ki dasavleTiT, da Tqva man. `ganavlineT kaci maRal

mTebze aRmosavleTiT kaxeTis mTamde da dasavleTiT am qalaqis sanaxebam-

de, roca gamobrwyindebian is mTiebi, naxon, Tu sad dadgebian da iq aRemar-

Tos jvrebi ieso qristesi~.

maSin hyo mefem egre. es dRe iyo paraskevi da SabaTi Tendeboda. moxda

igive saswauli, rogorc pirvelad. meore dRes movidnen dasavleTSi gagza-

vnilebi, romelnic idgnen qvabTa Tavze da mouTxres mefes, rom `gamovida

is varskvlavi, amaRlda da miiwia TxoTis mTaze, kaspis gadasasvlelTan,

dadga erT adgils da srulebiT gauCinarda~.

aseve movidnen kaxeTis mTidan da Tqves: `vixileT varskvlavi Cvensken

momavali da daadgra daba bods kuxeTisas~. maSin ubrZana netarma ninom:

`waiReT ori jvari, da aRmarTeT erTi TxoTs, sadac gagimxila RmerTma

Tavisi Zala da erTi miec salomes qristes mxevals, aRmarTos ujarmis

qalaqSi, rameTu bodSi aris eris simravle. bodis daba iqneba RvTis saTno

adgili~. hyves egre, rogorc brZana dedofalma. xolo zeciuri saswaulis

CvenebiT es patiosani jvari mcxeTaSi datoves.

mividnen borcvis qveS, wyarosTan aTies Rame, iloces RmerTis mimarT,

netari nino cremliT azavebda wyaros, da iyo kurnebani da didi saswaule-

bi. meore dRes avidnen kldeze, movida netari nino borcvze, davarda qvebze,

tiroda, da masTan erTad mefeebi, mTavrebi da yoveli simravle erisa, ise

rom mTebi eqos aZlevdnen. da daado xeli qvas da uTxra episkoposs: ̀ modi,

rameTu Senda jer ars, da daswere jvari am qvas~. da man hyo egre da iq

aRimarTa is jvari didebiT mefeTagan, daiCoqa uricxvma xalxma da Tayva-

nisces jvars da aRiares jvarcmuli WeSmaritad Zed RvTisa cxovelisa, da

irwmunes samebiT didebuli RmerTi.

xolo didi mTavrebi ar ganSordnen wmida eklesias, naTlis svets da

cocxal jvars, rameTu hxedavdnen uzomo saswaulebs da miuTxrobel ku-

rnebebs. aRdgomis dResaswaulis kvira dRes mirian mefem da mTelma mcx-

eTam Seswires Sesawiravi da es dRe ganawesa jvris msaxurebad, aRdgomis

dResaswauli, yovelma qarTlma dRevandlamde. ramdenime dRis Semdeg suli

wmidis mofenidan ixiles saswauli didad saSineli, oTxSabaT dRes naTlis

sveti jvris saxiT daadga am jvars da Tormeti varskvlavi mis garSemo

gvirgvinis saxiT. xolo is borcvi akmevda surnelebas. xedavdnen am saswauls

yovelni da mravali uRmerToTagani moiqca da moinaTla im dRes. xolo

qristianebi kidev ufro morwmuneni gaxdnen da adidebdnen RmerTs. mere

kvlav ixiles jvris sxva saswauli _ mzeze Svidjer ubrwyinvalesi naTeli

daadga jvars Tavze da RvTis angelozebi aRvidodnen da gardamovidodnen

masze, viTarca RumelSi naperwklebi.

xolo is borcvi Zlier iZroda. am saswaulis dacxromisas Zvrac wydebo-

da. ixiles es saswauli, gaukvirda yvelas, ufro da umetesad adidebdnen


RmerTs. am saswauls xalxi xedavda SiSiT da ZrwoliT. modiodnen gulm-

odgined Tayvanissacemad.

am dros mefis Zes, revs, hyavda sasikvdilod sneuli patara Svili. marto

is hyavda. moiyvana da dado jvris winaSe da cremliT Tqva: `Tu miboZeb am

yrmas cocxals, avaSeneb luskumas (budes) Sens sayofelad~. maSinve gani-

kurna is yrma, gacocxlda da gankurnebuli waiyvana. mere movida Tavisi

aRnaTqvamis aRsasruleblad da misca madli didi sixaruliT da gulm-

odgined aaSena mcxeTis jvris luskuma revma, mefis Zem. yovelwliurad

modioda da aRasrulebda aRnaTqvam msxverpls. mis Semdeg ufro modiod-

nen uZlurni da sneulni da ikurnebodnen, sixaruliT adidebdnen wminda

jvars. iyo erTi, orive TvaliT brma, Wabuki. ijda is qristes jvris win da

meSvide dRis Semdeg aexila Tvalebi, xedavda da adidebda RmerTs. mere

iyo vinme dedakaci, ukeTuri sulisgan marad gvemuli rva wlis manZilze,

ise, rom Zali da goneba warTmeuli hqonda, Tavis samosels xevda. roca

moiyvanes da patiosan jvars amTxvies, meTormete dRis Semdeg ganikurna da

Tavisi fexiT wavida, adidebda RmerTs da Tayvansscemda patiosan jvars. iyo

aseve erTi mcire yrma, uceb daeca da mokvda. aiRo dedamisma da dado

jvris win mkvdari, dilidan saRamomde dedamisi tiriliT loculobda

jvris win, sxvebi eubnebodnen: ̀ waiRe, dedakaco, da damarxe, rameTu mkvdaria,

nuRar aCereb~. xolo man ar warikveTa sasoeba, aramed ufro da umetesad

sawyaloblad tiroda da loculobda. xolo saRamo Jams yrma mosulier-

da, Tvali aaxila da meSvide dRis Semdeg ganikurna. gacocxlebuli waiyva-

na yrma dedamisma da adidebda RmerTs. xolo roca ixiles saswaulebi da

kurnebani yovlad wmindisa jvrisa, mravali uSvilo midioda, iTxovdnen

Svilierebas da mravalSvilianebi xdebodnen, Sesawiravebs da madls aZlevd-

nen. ara marto mosulebi iRebdnen kurnebas, aramed isinic, romelnic Sori-

dan loculobdnen, maSinve misi SewevniT iRebdnen madls da madlobis

Sesawiravad modiodnen.

mravalni uRmerTonic ki, WirSi Cacvenilni, rogorc ki SesTxovdnen wmida

jvars, maSinve SordebodaT Wiri da modiodnen jvris samTxvevad, saswrafod

inaTlebodnen da adidebdnen patiosan jvars. patiosani jvris ZaliT ikurne-

bodnen piradi satanjvelisgan, modiodnen savedreblad da ikurnebian dRevan-

del dRemde da adideben mamas, Zes da suli wmindas.

wigni, romelic miswera romis patriarqma dabranjTa mefem ninos, mefe mirians da qarTlis ers

am dReebSi mouvida wigni romis patriarqisagan wmida ninos, mefes da qarT-

lis mTels ers. moavlina branji diakoni qebis Sesasxmelad da kurTxevis

misacemad, netari ninosgan locvis wasaRebad da misi madlis saziareblad.


mas hqonda aseve branjTa mefis wigni wmida ninosTan, rameTu mamamisisgan

mieRo naTeli branjTa qveyanas. gagebuli hqondaT ierusalimsa da konst-

antinepolSi es yovelive, rom simarTlis mze moefina qarTlis qveyanas.

amisTvis sanatreli wigni moewera, raTa euwyebina misTvis saswaulebi sve-

tisa da mayvlovanis kurnebis Zala. yovelive moismina da ixila branjma

diakonma, rac momxdariyo mcxeTaSi da gakvirvebuli adidebda RmerTs.

waiRo wignebi da wavida.

maSin uTxra mefem wmida ninos da episkoposs: `mnebavs, raTa iZulebiT,

maxviliT movaqcioT mTiulebi da Cemi siZe ferozi, davumonoT isini RvTis

Zes da vaTayvanoT patiosan jvars~. maSin uTxres: `ara brZanebul ars

uflisgan maxvilis aReba, aramed saxarebiT da patiosani jvriT vuCvenoT

WeSmariti gza, mimyvani saukuno cxovrebasTan. RvTis madlma gananaTlos

sibnele maT gulebSi~. da wavidnen wmida nino, episkoposi iovane da maT

gaatana mefem erTi erisTavi. movidnen da dadgnen wobens, mouxmes mTiulebs,

pirutyvis saxis kacebs, WarTalelebs, fxovelebs, wilknelebs da gudamayrelebs.

uqadages maT qristianTa WeSmariti rjuli, saukuno cxovrebasTan mimyvani,

xolo maT ar inebes naTlisReba. maSin mefis erisTavma mcired warmarTa

maxvili maTze da ZleviT Semusra maTi kerpebi.

iqidan gadavidnen da JaleTs dadgnen, uqadages erwo-TianeTelebs. maT

Seiwynares da naTel-iRes, xolo fxovelebma datoves TavianTi qveyana da

gadavidnen TuSeTSi. sxva mTiulTa umravlesoba ar moiqca, daumZima maT

xarki mefem, roca ar inebes naTlisReba, xolo ukanasknel Jams, maTi nawili

moaqcia abibos nekreselma episkoposma da zogierTni maTganni darCnen

warmaTobaSive dRemde.

xolo wmida nino wavida ranisken ferozis mosaqcevad. mivida kuxeTSi,

daba bodSi da dahyo iq ramdenime dRe. modiodnen masTan kaxeTidan. aRiara

misi swavla eris simravlem. dasneulda iq. gaigo es rev, mefis Zem da misma

colma salomem, romelnic cxovrobdnen ujarmaSi, mividnen ninosTan. ac-

nobes mefesa da dedofals, maT gagzavnes episkoposi iovane ninos wamosay-

vanad. magram wmida nino ar daemorCila, maSin wavida TviT mefe da xalxis

simravle.

xedavda xalxi mis saxes rogorc zecis angelozis pirs. mis samosels

bolo nawilebs aclidnen, iRebdnen da sarwmunoebiT emTxveodnen. garSemo

msxdom yvela dedofals TvalTagan cremli dioda moRvawe moZRvrisa da

sneulTa xelovani mkurnalis ganSorebis gamo.

salome ujarmeli da peroJavri sivnieli, maTTan erisTavebi da mTavrebi,

hkiTxavdnen: `Tu vina xar an saidan moxvedi am qveyanaSi Cvens macxovrad?

sad aRizarde, dedofalo, gvauwye Cven Seni saqme. ratom ambob tyve varo,

tyveTa mxsnelo da sanatrelo, rameTu Sengan gviswavlia, rom iyvnen winas-

warmetyvelebi RvTis Zis uwinares, Semdgom Tormeti mociquli, sxva samocdaaT-


ni. CvenSi aravin moavlina RmerTma Sens garda da rogor ityvi, tyve varo

da rogora xar ucxo~. maSin daiwyo sityvis Tqma wminda ninom da Tqva:

`sarwmunoebis asulno, Cemo maxlobelo dedoflebo, gxedavT Tqven rogorc

im pirvel qristian qalebs, gnebavT Cemi gzis cnoba, glaxaki mxevlisa. axla

gauwyebT, rom misulia Cemi suli Cems xorcTan da meZineba me dedaCemis

ZiliT saukunod, magram aiReT Tqveni sawerlebi da dawereT Cemi glaxaki

da udebi cxovreba, raTa icodnen Tqvenma Svilebma Tqveni sarwmunoeba, Cemi

Sewynareba, RvTis saswaulebi, romelnic uxilavT~.

maSin swrafad aiRes sawerlebi salome ujarmelma da peroJavri sivnielma.

daiwyo sityvis Tqma wminda ninom da isini werdnen. mouTxro yovelive, rac

Cven zemoT davwereT, cxovreba am wmindisa da netarisa da Sehvedra mefes

iakob mRvdeli, raTa iovanes Semdeg iyos is episkoposi. maSin iovane episko-

posma swira da aziara wmida nino qristes sisxliT da xorciT. Seavedra

Tavisi suli cis meufes, misi qarTlSi mosvlidan meToTxmete wels, qristes

amaRlebidan samas ocdaTvramet wels dasabamidan welTa xuTiaTas rvaas

ocdaTvramets.

SeiZra orive qalaqi, mcxeTa da ujarma, da yoveli qarTli ninos micvaleb-

isas. iq mividnen da damarxes ZleviT Semosili misi gvami imave adgilas _

kuxeTs, daba bodSi, rameTu iq iTxova TviT mefisgan daflva. simdablisaTvis

qmna es, radganac es adgili saxelganTqmuli ar iyo. mwuxare iyo mefe da

yvela warCinebuli iq misi daflvis gamo, magram mcnebisa da anderZis

asrulebisTvis dafles iq. roca aResrula es yovelive, RvTiT ganbrZno-

bilma mirian mefem ganamtkica wminda samebis da yovelives dambadebeli

RvTis sarwmunoebaze yoveli qarTli da hereTi. maSin konstantine mefem

gamogzavna mZevali _ mirianis Ze baqari didi ganZiT da moswera ase: `me,

konstantine mefe, TviTmpyrobeli, caTa meufis axali mona, pirvelad eSmakis-

agan datyvevebuli da mere gamoxsnili dambadeblis mier, gwer Sen, RvTiv

ganbrZnobils da CemsaviT axalnerg morwmune mefe mirians. iyos SenTan

mSvidoba da sixaruli, vinaidan ican sameba erTarseba, RmerTi dausabamo

yovlisa dambadebeli, aRar minda me Sengan mZevali, aramed sakmarisia Cvens

Soris Suamdgomlad qriste, Ze RmrTisa, JamTa upirveles Sobili, romelic

gankacda Cveni xsnisaTvis, da misi patiosani jvari, romelic mocemuli gvaqvs

sawinamZRvrod mis guliT mosavebs. dambadebeli RvTis SuamdgomlobiT viy-

oT Cven ZmebiviT, siyvaruliT. Seni Svili SenTvisve mominiWebia, ixile da

gaixare da RmerTisgan movlinebuli mSvidobis angelozi iyos SenTan mara-

dis. dambadebelma RmerTma gandevnos Seni sazRvrebidan eSmaki~.

movidnen mirian mefis Ze baqari da mefe konstantines mociquli mcxeTaSi.

aRivsnen sixaruliT mirian mefe da dedofali nana da adidebdnen RmerTs.

maSin mirian mefem ganasrula saepiskoposo eklesiac, aRasrula misi

wlisTavis dResaswauli mravali didebiT. mirian mefis moqcevidan ocd-


amexuTe wels mokvda misi Ze, revi, siZe Trdat somexTa mefisa, romelsac

mamis sicocxleSive mieca mefoba.

dafles Tavis mier aSenebul akldamaSi. imave wels dasneulda mirian

mefe da aResrula. moiyvana Tavisi Ze baqari da coli nana da uTxra nanas:

...aha, me waval, saidanac movedi, vmadlob mravalmowyale RmerTs, cisa da

qveynis dambadebels, romelmac eSmakisgan datyvevebuli mixsna jojoxeTis

pirisgan da Rirsmyo marjveniT missa.

`Sen, nana, Tu SeZleb, Cemi sikvdilis Semdeg gayavi Cveni samefo ganZi

orad da wariRe ninos, Cveni ganmanaTleblis samarxs, droTa cvalebadobiT

rom ar Seicvalos is adgili ukunisamde, radgan Tumca mefeTa sajdomia,

magram mwiria~.

aseve Seevedra episkoposebs, raTa adidon dideba im adgilisa, rameTu

Rirs ars pativiscemisa. moayvanina wminda ninos jvari, romelic Tavda-

pirvelad hqonda, Camohkida samefo gvirgvini jvarze, moiyvana Ze misi baqari,

mis Tavze gamosaxa jvris saxe, aiRo gvirgvini jvridan da daadga Zes

Tavze. aResrula mirian mefe da daefla zemo eklesiaSi saSualo svetis

samxreTiT, CrdiloeTis mxrisaken. am svetSia nawili RvTiv aRmarTuli

svetisa. meore wels mokvda nana dedofali da daefla imave svetis dasav-

leTiT, sadac mirian mefe iyo damarxuli.

qarTlis moqcevis wyaroebi

uZvelesi qarTuli wyaro, romelic mogviTxrobs qarTlis moqcevis Sesax-

eb, aris `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~. specialistebs ara aqvT erTiani azri am

Txzulebis Sedgenilobisa da daweris TariRze.

`moqcevaA qarTlisaA~ Sedgeba ori nawilisagan. pirveli nawili aris

istoriuli qronikebis nakrebi. am nawilSi SesaZlebelia gamoiyos fenebi,

rac adasturebs, rom is saukuneTa manZilze ivseboda. masSi SedarebiT

kargad aRwerilia ambebi VII saukunis bolomde, ufro zustad 681 wlamde

— VI msoflio saeklesio krebamde, radganac kaTalikosebi orive redaqci-

is (a, b, redaqciebi)65 Tanaxmad, colosnebi arian, xolo VI krebam episkopos-

Ta colosnoba akrZala.

`moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ meore nawili aris wmida ninos cxovrebis saeklesio

sakiTxavi. es cxovreba ikiTxeboda eklesiaSi da gankuTvnili iyo mrevlisTvis

(an monastris berebisTvis) xmamaRla sakiTxavad. amitomac mas win uZRvis wignis

mkiTxvelis (medaviTnis) Txovna mRvdlisadmi: _ `gvakurTxen mamao~.

rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, ̀ moqcevaAs~ pirveli nawili — istoriuli qron-

ikebi, dawerilia sxvadasxva dros da Sekrebilia am wignSi erTad. mis

`mefeTa siaSi~ mefeTa saqmianoba qristemde III-I saukuneebSi da I-II sauku-

neebSi SedarebiT dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili, im gagebiT, rom am drois


mefeebis saqmianobaca da qveyanaSi maT dros momxdari ambebic aris CamoTv-

lili, xolo II saukunis nawilisa da III saukunis mefeTa mxolod saxelebia

Camowerili, ufro sworad, miwerilia wina qronikaze. es uCvenebs, rom marTa-

li iyo pavle ingoroyva, roca `moqcevaAs~ am nawils qarTvelTa gaqris-

tianebamde Sedgenilad Tvlida.

warmarT mefeTa sias mosdevs pirveli qristiani mefis cxovrebis dawv-

rilebiTi aRwera da wmida ninos moRvaweoba mis dros. Semdeg erTvis IV-V

saukunis mefeTa qronikebi. VI saukunis ambebi da VII saukunis dasawyisi

(herakle keisris moqmedeba sparseTsa da saqarTveloSi) SedarebiT srulia.

amis Semdeg mxolod CamoTvlilia saxelebi kaTalikosTa da zogierTi

erisTavisa (VIII-IX saukuneebi, aSot kurapalatis CaTvliT), maTi cxovrebis

movlenebis yovelgvari aRniSvnis gareSe. Camowerilia kaTalikosebis mxo-

lod saxelebi. mwerals saTqmeli mravlad eqneboda, Tundac aSot kurapa-

latis cxovrebis Sesaxeb, magram `moqcevaAs~ ZiriTadi nawilis avtori ar

aris aSotis Tanamedrove. `moqcevaAs~ ZiriTadi nawili dawerilia VII

saukunis 30-ian wlebamde drodadro, `JamiTi-Jamad~. rogorc vTqviT, am da

wina saukuneTa mTavarepiskoposebisa da kaTalikosebis cxovreba Sedare-

biT aRnusxulia, xolo VIII-IX saukuneebis kaTalikosebi ki mxolod CamoTv-

lilia. saerTod `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~ qronika rom aris, es dasturdeba

imiT, rom igi mTavrdeba sityvebiT: ̀ xolo amisa Semdgomad vinca Seicvale-

bodis kaTalikozTagani, iwerebodis~.66

`moqcevaAs~ II nawili (`Tavi b~), rogorc vTqviT, eklesiaSi xmamaRla

sakiTxavi wminda ninos cxovrebaa. is SeiZleba dawerili iyos nebismier

dros, damoukideblad wina nawilisagan. IV saukunidan IX saukunemde. ̀ wmin-

da ninos cxovrebis~ am teqsts istorikosi m. CxartiSvili uwodebs ̀ vrcel

redaqcias~, xolo `moqcevaAs~ I nawilSi (qronikebSi) moTavsebul wminda

ninos ambavs `mcire redaqcias~. m. CxartiSvili wers _ `...vrcel `ninos

cxovrebas~ mogonebaTa krebulis saxe aqvs. ninos biografiis sxvadasxva

moments igoneben TviT nino da misi mowafeebi Tu TanamoRvaweni (ebraeli

qali sidonia, mamamisi abiaTari, saberZneTidan Camosuli mRvdeli iakobi,

mefe miriani)... vrcel ̀ ninos cxovrebaSi~, rogorc wesi, yvela faqts Tavisi

mxilveli da mTxrobeli hyavs. erTaderT gamonakliss warmoadgens Sesava-

li, romliTac ixsneba krebuli. aq aRwerili movlenebis gadmomcemi pirovneba

dasaxelebuli ar aris. krebulis gagebisaTvis es nawili umniSvnelovane-

sia. swored aqedan viciT, rom Cvens xelT arsebuli Zegli qarTvelTa

ganmanaTleblis Sesaxeb TviTmxilvelTa mogonebebis Canawerebis krebulia.

qarTlis istoriaSi ninos rolis lakonurad gansazRvris Semdeg aq yuradR-

eba aqvs miqceuli im xalxmraval Tavyrilobas, romelic sasikvdilod

dasneulebul ninosTan gamosaTxovrad Semdgara daba bodSi. am dros uTxov-

iaT ninosTvis moeTxro Tavisi cxovrebis Sesaxeb. ninos naambobi CauweriaT

salomesa da peroJavrs.


rogorc vxedavT, Sesavali krebulis masalebiT igi aSkarad sxva arafe-

ria, Tu ara avtoris mogoneba, Semdgenlis winaTqma... magram `moqcevaA

qarTlisaAs~ Seqmnisas vrceli `ninos cxovrebis~ istoriul qronikasTan

mierTebam gamoiwvia am dasawyisis mokveca da avtoris Sesaxeb pirdapiri

cnobac amitom daikarga... avtori jer gvamcnobs, rom ninos naambobi erT-

droulad orma pirma Caiwera, xolo Semdeg, Tavebis saTaurSi martooden

salomes aRniSvniT, gvizustebs, Tu konkretulad romelia Semqmneli war-

modgenili ori variantidan... miTiTebuli garemoeba swored salomes av-

torobas migvaniSnebs... salomes avtoroba ar Cans moulodnel, konteqs-

tidan amovardnil faqtad... Tu zemoT moxsenebul gamosaTxovar Tavyrilo-

baze SevaCerebT yuradRebas, ar SeiZleba TvalSi ar mogvxvdes, rom ninos

pirvel rigSi ekiTxeba xolme, danarCenebi ki mis naTqvams imeoreben. iqmneba

STabeWdileba, rom kreba mas mihyavs, misi aseTi aqtiuroba ki logikuria:

aRniSnuli RonisZieba xom uJarmeli dedoflis samflobeloSi — bodSi

mimdinareobs. aq ufliswulis meuRlea diasaxlisi, mas Sehferis umaspinZ-

los qal ganmanaTlebels... qarTlis pirveli qristiani mefis Zis coli

(salome) IV saukunis moRvawea, xolo Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis sami didi

specialisti _ n. mari, iv. javaxiSvili, k. kekeliZe ̀ ninos cxovrebis~ aRniS-

nul redaqcias gviani xaniT aTariRebdnen... SesaZlebelia, `ninos cxovreb-

is~ vrceli redaqcia iyos IV saukunis Zegli?

1897 wels n. marma gamoTqva varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom ̀ ninos cxovrebis~

vrceli redaqcia ar unda iyos IX saukuneze adrindeli Zegli. n. mars es

argumentacia aSkarad sakmarisad ar eCveneboda. es Cans ara marto iqidan,

rom zemoT motanil daskvnas varaudis forma aqvs, aramed iqidanac, rom

1906 wels gamoqveynebul sxva naSromSi `ninos cxovrebis~ vrceli re-

daqciis TariRTan dakavSirebiT man miuTiTa ara sakuTari zemoT aRniSnu-

li Sroma, aramed 1900 wels gamosuli iv. javaxiSvilis ̀ andria mociqulisa

da wminda ninos moRvaweoba saqarTveloSi~... rac Seexeba iv. javaxiSvils,

mas zemoT dasaxelebul werilSi araviTari sagangebo msjeloba imis Sesaxeb,

Tu ratom maincdamainc aRniSnul saukuneebs unda ganekuTvnebodes es Zeg-

li, mocemuli ara aqvs. Tavis `Zvel qarTul saistorio mwerlobaSi~ ki

`ninos cxovrebis~ vrceli redaqciis TariRze saubrisas n. maris naSromi

da is argumenti aqvs miTiTebuli, romelic Tavis droze n. marma sak-

marisad ar miiCnia da arc moiSvelia amis gamo. vrceli `ninos cxovrebis~

gviani xaniT damaTariRebel erT-erT sabuTad k. kekeliZes miaCnia is gare-

moeba, rom TxzulebaSi naxmaria martis weliwadi, romelic misi miTiTebiT,

IX saukunis naxevarSi Semovida CvenSi... k. kekeliZis sxva naSromidan ki

vigebT, rom Turme, imis garkvevas, Tu rodis Semovida CvenSi martis weliwa-

di, mkvlevari axdens TviT vrceli `ninos cxovrebis~ saSualebiT, imis

daSvebiT, rom igi IX saukunis Zeglia... zemoT Tqmulic aSkaras xdis, rom


qarTuli wyaroebis mimarT hiperkritikuli damokidebulebis pirobebSi

`ninos cxovrebis~ vrceli redaqciis gviani saukuneebiT daTariReba xdebo-

da faqtebze ZaldatanebiT. rogorc msjelobaSi logikuri wris Semcv-

lelni n. maris, iv. javaxiSvilis, k. kekeliZis mtkicebani ar SeiZleba

miRebul iqnas argumentebad gansaxilveli Zeglis TariRis garkvevisas.

dRes specialistTa nawilis mier vrceli `ninos cxovrebis~ gvian xanaSi

Seqmnis Sesaxeb Tvalsazrisis gaziareba emyareba mxolod da mxolod

dasaxelebul mkvlevarTa avtoritets da ara raime gamtkicebul sabuTs.

amgvarad, ara gvaqvs araviTari safuZveli ar davujeroT Txzulebisve

miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom igi meoTxe saukunis Zeglia. aqedan gamomdinare,

salome uJarmelis avtorobasac araferi eRobeba win. wyaroTmcodneobaSi

miRebuli wyaros `udanaSaulobis prezumfciis~ principis Tanaxmad, Cveni

Zieba aq unda Sewydes. wyaros ̀ ar evaleba~ gvimtkicos, rom sworia. Tu ver

vamCnevT, rom misi monacemi yalbia, maSasadame, igi miRebul unda iqnas,

rogorc WeSmariti... Txzulebis avtoria qarTlis pirveli qristiani mefis

mirianis Zis meuRle salome uJarmeli... IV s-is II naxevarSi bizantiaSi

imyofeboda salomes SviliSvili, maSin jer kidev ufliswuli, SemdgomSi

qarTlis mefe bakur Trdatis Ze. man cnobil bizantiel istorikosebs —

gelasi kesarielsa da rufinuss uambo qarTvelTa gaqristianebis istoria.

es monaTxrobi `ninos cxovrebis~ Taviseburi modifikaciaa... is garemoeba,

rom bakuris mier gadmocemul istorias literaturulad daxvewili for-

ma aqvs da agreTve is, rom orive istorikosTan saubarSi man arsebiTad

erTisa da imaves ganmeoreba SeZlo, migvaniSnebs, bakuri saxeldaxelod ki

ar Txzavs iberTa moqcevis istorias, aramed winaswar mofiqrebul sagange-

bod SemuSavebul ambavs hyveba... qarTlis gaqristianeba, rogorc es ukve

naCvenebia specialur literaturaSi, iyo ara stiqiuri movlena, aramed

politikuri aqti. werilobiTi fiqsaciis gareSe mas ar hqonda araviTari

mniSvneloba, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom arc arsebobda, amitom SeuZlebelia vaRi-

arebdeT imas, rom qarTlSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxade-

bas IV saukuneSi hqonda adgili da amave dros vamtkicebdeT, rom cnobebi

am faqtis Sesaxeb mxolod IX saukuneSi Caiweres. esec rom ara, rogor

SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rom V saukuneSi `rigiT~ wmindans SuSaniks saqa-

rTveloSi eZRvneboda specialuri Txzuleba, qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis

`mociqulTa sworis~ ninos cxovreba ki aRwerili ar iyo!.. roca aseTi

ndobiT ekidebian gelasi da rufinusi bakuris naambobs qarTvelTa gaqris-

tianebis Sesaxeb, xom ar iTvaliswineben imas, rom qarTveli ufliswuli

emyareba didedis Canawers, romelic qarTvelTa moqcevis istoriis sakiTx-

ebSi marTlac ̀ mecnier iyo yovelsave WeSmaritad~, ̀ friadsarwmunoc~ amit-

om xom ar aris bakuri?~67

`uZvelesi wyaro, romelSic moxsenebuli yofila qarTvelTa moqcevis

ambavi, aris IV s-is berZeni istorikosis (gardaicvala 395 w.) gelasi


kesarielis `saeklesio istoria~, samwuxarod, es Txzuleba dResdReobiT

dakargulad iTvleba da CvenTvis cnobili ar aris. magram mermindel

avtorebs SemounaxavT TavianT SromebSi misi cnobebi. maT Soris uZvelesia

romaeli saeklesio istorikosi rufinusi. rufinusi gelasi kesarielis

umcrosi Tanamedrove iyo (gardaicvala 410 w.). mas uTargmnia da Tavis

TxzulebaSi Seutania gelasi kesarielis cnoba qarTvelTa moqcevis Sesax-

eb. rufinusze dayrdnobiT moTxrobili aqvs iberTa gaqristianebis ambavi

V sauk. berZen istorikoss sokrates (dab. 380 w.) Tavis `saeklesio istori-

aSi~. iberTa gaqristianebis ambavi gadmocemuli aqvs V s-is meore berZen

istorikoss Teodorite kvirels (daib. 390 w.) ̀ saeklesio istoriaSi~, romelic

mas dauweria daaxloebiT 449 wels... qarTlis moqcevis ambavi aseve aqvs

gadmocemuli kidev erT berZen saeklesio istorikoss sozomens. sozomens

Tavisi wigni dauweria 444 wlis maxloblad... sozomens uSualod rufi-

nusiT usargeblia.68 V saukunis berZeni istorikosi gelasi kvizikelic

gelasi kesarieliT sargeblobda.

gelasi kesarielis istoria, romliTac sargeblobdnen SemdegSi berZen-

romaeli istorikosebi, daiwera IV saukunis bolos, sul raRac naxevari

saukunis Semdeg qarTlis gaqristianebidan. uaRresad sayuradReboa gelasi

kesarielis cnoba, rom mas qarTvelTa gaqristianebis ambavi gaugia iberTa

samefo saxlis erT-erTi warmomadgenlis, bakurisagan.69

bakur ufliswuls gelasisaTvis gadaucia Semdegi: `iberebTan moxvda

vinme qristiani tyve qali. igi qadagebda qristianobas da qristes Zalis

daxmarebiT kurnavda avadmyofebs. ase ganukurnavs mas mZimed daavadebuli

iberTa dedofalic. amas didi STabeWdileba mouxdenia iberTa mefeze, ma-

gram mas jer kidev ver gadauwyvetia qristianobis miReba. cota xnis

Semdeg mefe sanadirod wasula, uecrad iseTi burusi Camowolila, rom mefe

Tavis mxleblebs daSorebia da martod darCenils gza veRar gaugnia.

SeSinebul mefes daxmarebisaTvis miumarTavs tyve qalis RmerTisaTvis.

burusi maSinve gafantula da isev naTeli dRe damdgara. Sin dabrunebulma

mefem TavisTan ixmo tyve qali da dawvrilebiT gamohkiTxa yovelive misi

sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg dauwyiaT eklesiis mSenebloba. mSeneblobis

dros xalxSi rwmenis gansamtkiceblad RmerTma saswauli moavlina: erT-

erTi sveti mSeneblebma verafriT ver daayenes Tavis adgilas. RamiT tyve

qalis vedrebis Semdeg es sveti Sveulad gaCerda haerSi Tavisi adgilis

zemoT. rodesac diliT xalxi isev Segrovda, sveti TavisiT daeSva safuZ-

velze. eklesiis aSenebis Semdeg imperator konstantines gaugzavnes elCo-

ba TxovniT: gamoegzavna mRvdelmsaxurebi eklesiis kurTxevisa da xalxis

mosanaTlavad. konstantines es Txovna sixaruliT ausrulebia~.70

rogorc zemoT moyvanili teqstidan Cans, gelasi gadmogvcems `moqcevaA

qarTlisaASi~ Sesuli wmida ninos cxovrebis ramdenadme Semoklebul Si-


naarss. amitomac m. CxartiSvili marTalia, roca fiqrobs, rom bakurma

gelasis gadasca salome ujarmelis mier dawerili `cxovrebis~ arsi.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom V saukuneSi TiTqmis yvla cnobili istorikosi _

rufinusi, sokrate, Teodorite kvireli, sozomeni, gelasi kvizikeli da agreTve

mose xoreneli weren wmida ninosa da qarTvelTa gaqristianebis Sesaxeb,

xolo Cveni Tanamedrove qarTveli istorikosebi, romlebic ̀ qarTuli wyaroe-

bis mimarT hiperkritikulad arian ganwyobilni,~ amtkiceben, rom qarTvelebma

wmida ninos Sesaxeb cnobebi mxolod IX saukuneSi Seagroves, `legendac

wmida ninos Sesaxeb~ swored maSin SeTxzes. marTlac, rogorc ukve iTqva

zemoT, V saukuneSi qarTvelebma wmida SuSanikis Rvawli aRweres da nuTu

wmida ninos cxovrebas ar aRwerdnen im dros, roca yvela mezobeli xalxis

istorikosebi wmida ninos cxovrebas aRwerdnen?

unda davaskvnaT, rom uZvelesi qarTuli wyaro, romelic mogviTxrobs

qarTvelTa gaqristianebas, dawerilia IV saukuneSi salome ujarmelis mier.

es gaarkvia m. CxartiSvilma.

`moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ qronikebSi (I nawilSi) aris cnobebi qarTuli

eklesiis meTaurebis Sesaxeb IV saukunidan IX saukunemde. Cven moviyvanT

amonawerebs maT Sesaxeb wignidan: `Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli litera-

turis Zeglebi,~ I, 1964, gv. 81-97.


`da mosca mefeman iovane episkoposi da

orni mRdelni da erTi diakoni~ (a, gv. 86).

`xolo mefeman (konstantine) waravlinna

episkoposi iovane da orni mRdelni da

erTi diakoni~ (b, gv. 86)

`iTxoves xe ebiskoposman da nino, raATa

Seqmnan juari~ (b, gv.86)

`aRivso urviTa (mefe)... vidre ara iswava

mTavarebiskoposisagan~ (b, gv. 87)

`wariyvana iakob mRdeli, saberZneTiT

mosuli da erisTavi erTi...~ (a. gv. 88)

,,wariyvanes maT Tana mTavarepiskoposi

da mRdeli da erisTavi~ (b. gv. 88)

`Sewira Jami iovane da aziara nino...~

(a. gv. 90)

`Sewira Jami mTavarebiskoposman da

aziara...~ (b, gv. 90)

`dajda mefed bakur, ZH revisi da mokuda

iovane ebiskoposi da dajda iakob, mRdeli

igi muniTve mosruli, mTavarepiskoposad~

(a, gv. 91)

iovane episkoposi _

mTavarepiskoposi

iakob mRvdeli _

mTavarepiskoposi

I iovane episkoposi

mTavarepiskoposi

I I iakob

mTavarepiskoposi

qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebi

(`moqcevaAAAAA qarTlisaAAAAA~)

varianti a da varianti b71


I I I iob

IV elia

V svimeon

VI iona da, agreTve

me-VII, me-VIII, me-IX da

me-X mTavarepiskoposebi

XI glonoqor

XII iovel

`dajda mefed bakur, Ze revisi, da mokuda

ioaneca episkoposi da mis wil dajda

mRdeli, romeli eneba ninos mTavarepiskoposad~

(b, gv. 91)

`da dajda mefed ZmaA misi Trdat da mTavareb-

iskoposi iyo nerse somexTa kaTalikozisa dia-

koni iob~ (a, gv. 91)

dajda ZmaO misi Trdat. maSin mTavarepiskoposi

iyo nerse...~ (b, gv. 91,)

`da Semdgomad misa dadga varaz-bakur mefed,

da misa zeve sparsTa mefisa marzapanni

Semovides sivnieTa da igi Kidrad ukujda

da mTavarebiskoposi iyo igive iob. da

maSin mivida qram xuar borzard sparsTa

mefisa pitiaxSi tfilisad qalaqad,

cixed, da qarTli missa xarksa Sedga da

somxiTi da sivnieTi da guaspuragani~.

(a, gv. 91-92)

`mefobda bakur ZH Trdatisi, da mTavarebisko-

posi iyo elia~ (a, b, gv. 92)

`mefobda farsman, diswuli Trdatisi da

mTavarebiskoposi iyo sYmeon~ (a, gv. 92)

`mefobda arCil da mTavarepiskobosi iyo

iona... misve arCilisze oTxni mTavarepiskoposni

gardaicvalnes~ (a, gv. 92)

`merve — arCil da mTavarebiskoposi iyo

iona... maT JamTa oTxni mTavarebiskoposni

gardaicvalnes~ (b, gv. 92)

`da merme mefobda mirdat da mTavarebiskoposi

iyo glonoqor. da ese mTavarebiskoposi erisT-

vadca iyo barazbod pitiaxSisagan qarTls da

hereTs. da misa Semdgomad mefobda didi vax-

tang gorgasali, da mTavarebiskoposi iyo iov-

el. maSin wariyvanes vaxtang sparsTa da


XIII miqael

XIV petre I kaTalikos-

mamamTavari

XV samoel

II kaTalikosi

XVI TavfaCag

XVII Cimaga

Semdgomad raodenisame Jamisa moiqca da

mTavarebiskoposi iyo miqael da man miamTxYa

ferKi pirsa mefisasa vaxtangs (a, gv. 93), rom-

lisaTYs mizezisaTYs, da ganaZo eklesiisagan.

maSin mefe aRivso guliswyromiTa

mravliTa da eqca feri pirisa misisaA da

ganizraxvida mravalTa borotTa damKobad

qristeanobisa~... (b, gv. 93)

`da mswrafl waravlinna mociqulni

saberZneTad da iTxova mefisagan da patria-

qisa kaTalikozi da mosces kaTalikozi

petre da Tana hyvanda samueli... da dasua

mun Sigan petre kaTalikozi. da ese iyo

qarTlisa moqceviTgan 170-e welsa. maSin

gardacvalebul iyvnes mefeni aTni da

kaTalikozni cametni. aqaTgan iwyes kaTalikoz-

Ta mamadmTavrobad. pirveli kaTalikozi iyo

petre vaxtangis mefisa ze~ (b, gv. 93)

`aRaSena quemoO eklesiaO vaxtang mefeman

da dasua petre kaTalikozi. da ese iyo

qarTlis moqceviTgan ro welsa. mefeni

gardacvalebul iyvnes aTni da mTavarebiskopo-

sni aTcametni. xolo pirveli

kaTalikozi iyo petre~ (a, gv. 93)

`...mefobda daCi uJarmeli da kaTalikozi

iyo samovel~ (a, gv. 93)

`mefobda daCi da kaTalikozi iyo samoel~

(b, gv. 93) `da amisa Semdgomad mefobda

daCi uJarmeli da kaTalikozi iyo samovel da

misa ze tfiliss kacni dasxdebodes da mariam-

wmidaA eklesiaA aRaSenes da kaTalikozi iyo

petre da amisa Semdgomad mefobda bakur, ZH

daCisi da kaTalikozi iyo samovel~. (a, gv. 94).

`da misa Semdgomad mefobda farsman da

kaTalikozi iyo TavfaCag da misa zeve

Cimaga~ (a, gv. 94)


XVIII dasabia//

saba

XIX evlale

XX makariXXI samovelXXII simon-petre

XXIII samovelXXIV samovel sxvaAAAAA

XXV barTlome

XXVI barTlomemeored

XXVII iovaneXXVIII babilaXXIX Tabor

`da misa Semdgomad mefobda farsman sxuaA

da kaTalikozi iyo dasabia, mkYdri mcxeTeli

da aqaATgan orTa saxlTa aRiRes

kaTalikozobaO mcxeTelTa. mkYdrTa da misve

mefisa ze kaTalikozi iyo evlale~ (a, gv. 94).

`sxvaA farsman da kaTalikozi iyo saba,

mkYdri mcxeTisa aqaiTgan orTa sxuaTa

daipyres kaTalikozoba mkYdrTa

mcxeTisaTa~ (b, gv. 94)

`mefobda bakur da kaTalikozi iyo makari

da... Semdgomad kaTalikozi iyo samovel da

merme simon-petre da mis bakuris zeve

daesrula mefobaA qarTlisaA~ (a, gv. 94)

`mefobda bakur da kaTalikozi iyo makari~ (b, gv. 94)

maSin mcxeTaA aTxeldeboda da tfilisi

eSeneboda... da kaTalikozi iyo samovel

da nelad re Sekrba qarTli. da ganaCines

erisTavad guram da merme kurapalatadca.

aman dadva safuZveli patiosnisa juarisaO da

amas zeve iyo kaTalikozi samoelve sxuaA da

tfilisisa mkYdrTa didsa eklesiasa daiwyes...

da kaTalikozi iyo barTlome~ (a, gv. 95)

`maSin sparsni uflebdes qalaqsa da somxiTsa

da sivnieTsa da guaspuragansa da kaTalikozi

iyo samuel (meaTormete) da nelad-re Sekrba

qarTli... ganaCines guram didi... da kaTalikozi

iyo (meaToTxmete) barTlome. (b, gv. 95)

`da erisTavobda igive didi stefanoz da

kaTalikozi iyo barTlome meored~ (a, gv. 96)

`erisTavobda stefanoz da kaTalikozi

iyo barTlome: 15~ (b, gv. 96)

`da Semdgomad erisTavobda adarnerse da

misa ze samni kaTalikozni icvalnes: iovane,

babila, Tabor~. (a, gv. 96)


XXX samovelXXXI evnon

XXXII TavfaCag

XXXIII evlale

XXXIV iovel

XXXV samovel

XXXVI georgi

XXXVII kYYYYYrion

XXXVIII izid-bozid

XXXIX `T - e~

Teodore

XL petre

XLI mamaAAAAA

XLII iovane

XLIII grigol

XLIV klementios

XLV sarmean

XLVI Talale

XLVII samovel

XLVIII kYYYYYrile

XLIX grigol

`Semdgomad erisTavobda adarnerse da mis

ze samni kaTalikozni icvalnes: iovane

(16), (17) Tabor da babila — (18); (b, gv. 96)

`...tfiliss dajda stefanoz da kaTalikozi

iyo samovel da misa zeve evnon~ (a, gv. 97)

,,amis Semdgomad erisTavobda stefanozve,

Zmai misi da kaTalikozi iyo samuel da

evnon~ (b, gv. 97)

xolo kaTalikozni, romel evnonisiTgan

momarT iyvnes: TavfaCag 1; evlale 2;

iovel 3; samovel 4; georgi 5; kYrion 6;

izid-bozid 7; Teodore 8; petre 9;

ese cxrani colosanni iyvnes. merme mama 1;

iovane 2; grigol 3; klementos 4; sarmean 5;

Talale 6; samovel 7; kYrile 8; grigol 9;

samovel 10; georgi 11; gabriel 12; ilarion

13; arseni 14; evsuqi 15; basili 16;

miqael 17; daviT 18; arseni 19; (a, gv. 97)


qarTuli eklesiis uflebrivimdgomareobis Sesaxeb

CvenSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa imis Sesaxeb, Tu vis eqvemdebareboda qarTu-

li eklesia Seqmnis droidan. erTi, ufro gavrcelebuli azriT miRebulia,

rom qarTuli eklesia IV saukunis dasawyisSi antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi

Sevida, meore, amJamad miRebuli azriT, qarTuli eklesia konstantinopols

daeqvemdebara. magaliTad, Cveni enciklopedia wers qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb

— `eklesia V saukunemde ierarqiulad eqvemdebareboda jer konstanti-

nopols, Semdeg antioqiis sapatriarqoebs~.72

aseTi Tvalsazrisi ar iTvaliswinebs eklesiaTa Soris arsebul realur

urTierTdamokidebulebas, romelic arsebobda gansaxilvel dros. ai, ras

wers amis Sesaxeb g. narsiZe:

`zogierT samecniero naSromSi gamoTqmulia Tvalsazrisi, rom saqarTve-

los eklesia Tavdapirvelad konstantinopolis episkoposs emorCileboda.

es Sexeduleba ar aris swori, radgan ar iTvaliswinebs saeklesio ierar-

qiis ganviTarebis periodebs. nikeis I saeklesio krebis dadgenilebiT,

imdroindeli msoflio sam kaTedras gaunawilda (ukve arsebuli tradici-

L samovel

LI georgi

LII gabriel

LIII ilarion

LIV arseni

LV evsuqi

LVI basili

LVII miqael

LVIII daviT

LIX arseni

xolo kaTalikozni, romelni

TvobiTgan iyvnes: TavfaCag 21; avlali 22;

iovel 23; samoel 24; giorgi 25;

kvirion 26; izibod 27;

Teodore 28; petre 29; ese colosanni

iyvnes (b, gv. 97)


is Sesabamisad): roms, antioqias da aleqsandrias. TiToeuli am qalaqis

mTavarepiskoposi Tanabrad iyo miCneuli. romis mTavarepiskoposi ganageb-

da dasavleTs, aleqsandriisa _ afrikas, xolo antioqiis _ mTel aRmosav-

leTs. nikeis krebaze (325 w.) bizantiis Sesaxeb araferi iyo naTqvami im

ubralo mizezis gamo, rom konstantinopoli jer kidev ar iyo imperiis

dedaqalaqi. is dedaqalaqi gaxda mxolod 5 wlis Semdeg, magram amis

Semdegac konstantinopolis episkoposi eqvemdebareboda herakliis episko-

poss da Sedioda Trakiis diocezSi. mxolod ax.w.aR-is 381 wlidan _

konstantinopolis II msoflio saeklesio krebidan _ daiwyes konstantine-

polisaTvis uflebaTa miniWeba, xolo diocezi da sapatriarqo uflebebi

mas mxolod qalkedonis IV msoflio saeklesio krebis (451 w.) dadgenileb-

is 28-e muxliT daumtkicda. e.i. saqarTvelo IV saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi

konstantinepols ver daeqvemdebareboda, radgan amgvari daqvemdebareba I

saeklesio krebis dadgenilebiT akrZaluli iyo. saqarTvelos daqvemde-

bareba mxolod antioqiis mTavarepiskoposisadmi iyo SesaZlebeli. TviT

konstantinopolis episkoposis gamgeblobis zona ar scildeboda sakuTar

qalaqs, romelic antioqiis diocezSi Sedioda.~73

savsebiT samarTliania g. narsiZe, rodesac wers, rom qarTuli eklesia

misi daarsebis dros konstantinopols ver daeqvemdebareboda, radganac: 1.

TviTon konstantinopolis episkoposi sxvaze iyo daqvemdebarebuli: herak-

liis episkoposze Trakiis diocezSi; 2. aseT daqvemdebarebas maSin arsebu-

li saeklesio kanoni krZalavda; 3. qarTuli eklesiis daarsebis dros, rac

uTuod 326 wlamde moxda, konstantinopoli jer kidev ar arsebobda. is 330

wels daarsda, magram g. narsiZe ar aris swori, roca wers, rom nikeis I

saeklesio krebis dadgenilebiT imdroindeli msoflio sam kaTedras gaunaw-

ildao~. es sakiTxi RvTismetyvelTa mier kargadaa damuSavebuli. amis Sesaxeb

cnobili kanonistis profesor troickis azris moyvanamde unda iTqvas

Semdegi: Sua saukuneebSi eklesiisa da saxelmwifos Serwymam bizantiis

magaliTze gamoiwvia is, rom bizantiis imperia eklesiurad pretenzias

acxadebda mTel msoflioze. am dros warmoiSva Teoria e.w. `pentarqiis~

Sesaxeb, TiTqosda mTeli msoflio 5 saimperio sapatriarqos Soris ganaw-

ilda msoflio krebebis mier. imperiaSi arsebobda 5 sapatriarqo: romis,

konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis da ierusalimis. TiTqosda am

sapatriarqoebs mTeli msoflio gaunawildaT. ai, ras upasuxebs amis Sesax-

eb `pentarqiis~ Teoriis damcvels profesori s. troicki, aRiarebuli da

marTlmadideblur samyaroSi saxelganTqmuli kanonisti: _ `avtori cdi-

lobs aRadginos Sua saukuneTa bizantiuri Teoria pentarqiisa, romlis

mixedviT TiTqosda msoflio krebebma xuT sapatriarqoTa Soris gahyo

msoflio. magram rogor SeiZleba iTqvas, rom I-ma msoflio krebam gahyo

msoflio 5 patriarqs Soris, maSin roca sapatriarqoebi saerTod ar arse-


bobda, ara marto I msoflio krebis dros, aramed kidev did xans mis

Semdeg, roca konstantinopolis eklesia daqvemdebarebuli iyo herakliis

mitropolitze, xolo ierusalimisa Seadgenda erT eparqias kesariis mit-

ropolitisas, roca eklesiebi yvela romauli provinciisa (isini iyvnen

daaxloebiT 100), balsamonis cnobiT (II msoflio krebis meore kanonis

ganmarteba, aTen. s. int. 11. 171), avtokefalurni iyvnen da mxolod mniS-

vnelovani qalaqebis eklesiebma gaaerTianes TavianTi Zalauflebis qveS

ramdenime provincia, rasac sanqcia misca I-ma msoflio krebam. pentarqiis

gageba ar hqonia arc II msoflio krebas, romelmac Tavisi me-2 kanoniT

daamtkica avtokefalia yvela diocezis eklesiebisa, aseTi iyo aTze meti...

kerZod, daadastura TavisTavadoba asiis, pontosa da Trakiis diocezuri

eklesiebisa da gauTanabra isini aleqsandriisa da antioqiis eklesiebs,

xolo konstantinopolis eklesias misca mxolod pativis upiratesoba da

ara Zalaufleba. Zvel msoflio krebaTa aqtebis saukeTeso Tanamedrove

mcodne eduard Svarci ambobs konstantinopolis eklesiis Sesaxeb, rom 380

wels is iyo `mxolod mcire marTlmadidebluri Temi (ÒÒÒÒÒÒ) da rom

oqropiri mxolod `cdilobda~ Seeqmna Tavisi kaTedrisTvis raRac msgavsi

saeklesio provinciisa~. ucxo iyo pentarqiis fiqri IV msoflio krebi-

sTvisac, mis kanonebSi laparakia mxolod sami diocezis konstantinopo-

lis saydarze daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb, xolo aqtebSi — teritoriebis

gayofis Sesaxeb antioqiasa da ierusalimis eklesiaTa Soris. mxolod VI

msoflio krebis 36-e kanonSia saubari ̀ xuTi saydris~ Sesaxeb, Tumca kanoni

maT ar uwodebs sapatriarqoebs, magram iq sityvac ki ar aris daZruli

mTeli msoflios gayofis Sesaxeb am saydrebs Soris, aramed mxolod dgin-

deba maTi rangi, radganac 36-e kanonSi CamoTvlili yvela eklesia imyofe-

boda erT berZnul-romaul imperiaSi, romlis gareTac arsebobda sxva

avtokefaluri eklesiebic _ siro-sparsuli, qarTuli, somxuri. TviT berZnul-

romaul imperiaSic imyofeboda kviprosis avtokefaluri eklesia, romlis

konstantinopolis eklesiisgan damoukidebloba daamtkica amave VI msof-

lio krebis 39-e kanonma. agreTve arsebobdnen avtokefaluri eklesiebi

karTagenis da I iustinianisa... sinamdvileSi konstantinopolis eklesiam

ise, rogorc yvela avtokefalurma eklesiam SeiZleba avtokefalia mianiWos

mxolod Tavis sakuTar nawils. visgan miiRo konstantinopolis eklesiam

gansakuTrebuli ufleba, mianiWos avtokefalia (msoflios sxva eklesiebs),

avtori ar ambobs, radganac aseTi ufleba mas arasodes miuRia. mravali

avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda maSin, roca TviTon konstantinopolis

eklesias ar gaaCnda avtokefalia, aramed damokidebuli iyo herakliis

mitropolitze, araviTari saerTo konstantinopolis patriarqs ar gaaCnda

kviprosis, karTagenis, I iustinianis, qarTul, siro-sparsul, somxur ek-

lesiebis avtokefaliebTan~.74


arasworia azri, TiTqos qarTuli eklesia V saukunemde ierarqiulad

eqvemdebareboda ucxoeTs, ucxoeTis sapatriarqoebs. jer kidev 451 wlamde

sapatriarqoebi saerTod ar arsebobdnen, miT umetes, IV saukunis dasawyisSi

konstantinopolis episkoposs patriarqi ar ewodeboda. garda amisa, rogorc

zemoT davinaxeT, I-ma msoflio krebam 325 wels ̀ msoflio sam kaTedras~ ki

ar gaunawila, aramed sanqcia misca arsebul faqts, rom imperiis didi

qalaqebis episkoposebs Tavisi Zalaufleba ukve gavrcelebuli hqondaT

ramdenime Tavis garSemo arsebul provinciaze. krebam am qalaqebis episko-

posebs ar CamoarTva es provinciebi, aramed cno es ukve arsebuli iuridiu-

li faqti. laparakia ara mTel msoflios ganawilebaze, aramed didi

qalaqebis irgvliv arsebul provinciebze.

saerTod unda iTqvas, rom rogorc I, ise II msoflio krebis droisTvis

`msoflios ganawilebis~ problema ar arsebobda. aseTi gageba mxolod imis

Semdeg gaCnda, rac imperiis dedaqalaqebis eklesiebi gadaiqcnen sapatriarqoe-

bad da am sapatriarqoebma imperiis teritoria erTmaneTs Soris gainawiles, e.i.

ufro gvian, gansakuTrebiT ki iustinianes epoqaSi (VI s.) da mis Semdeg.

zemoT moyvanilidan gamomdinare azri, rom qarTuli eklesia antioqiis

episkoposs daeqvemdebara imis gamo, rom msoflios ganawilebis dros aRmo-

savleTi antioqias Sexvdao, asaxavs ara IV s-Si arsebul viTarebas, aramed

Camoyalibebulia Semdgom saukuneebSi, `pentarqiis~ Teoriis Camoyalibebis

periodSi, gansakuTrebiT 451 wlis msoflio krebis Semdeg.

antioqiis Zlier eklesias IV saukuneSi CrdiloeTiT esazRvreboda pontos

diocezis aseve Zlieri eklesia, romelic uSualod emijneboda saqarTvelos.

381 wels II msoflio krebam me-2 kanoniT daamtkica yvela diocezis eklesie-

bis avtokefalia, maT Soris pontosi, da gauTanabra is antioqiis eklesias.

pontos Zlieri eklesia IV saukuneSi ar dauSvebda, rom antioqias, mis

Tanabar eklesias, iurisdiqcia gaevrcelebina pontos uSualod mosazRvre,

mezobel saqarTveloze, imis gamo, rom antioqiasa da saqarTvelos Soris

swored pontos vrceli diocezi (mcire azia) iyo gadaWimuli (pontos

diocezi faqtobrivad mTel mcire azias moicavda). qarTuli wyaroebi erTxmad

miuTiTeben, rom qarTuli eklesiis dafuZnebaSi monawileoba miiRo antioqi-

is episkoposma. es faqti SeiZleba aixsnas imiT, rom 330 wels, konstantinop-

olis daarsebamde, qalaqi antioqia, faqtobrivad iyo dedaqalaqi romis

imperiis aRmosavleT nawilisa, amitomac rodesac qalaq romSi imperator-

Tan Cavidnen wmida ninos mier gagzavnili elCebi da survili gamoTqves

qarTuli eklesiis daarsebisa, imperatorma antioqiis episkoposs daavala

am misiis Sesruleba. saqme is iyo, rom imis Semdeg, rac imperatorma

diokletianem imperia ramdenime nawilad dahyo, imperiis aRmosavleTis

yovelgvari saqme, samxedro Tu samoqalaqo, unda gadaWriliyo ara romSi,

aramed aRmosavleTSive misi sagangebo mmarTvelis mier. aRmosavleTis


saeklesio saqmeebic aseve aRmosavleTis mmarTvels daekisra. amitomac

episkoposs, romelic antioqiaSi ijda, daevala daxmareboda qarTvelebs

saeklesio saqmis mowyobaSi.

`diokletianem (284-305) daawesa e.w. `tetrarqia~ _ `oTxis mmarTveloba~,

ris safuZvelzec romis imperias marTavda ori imperatori da ori keisari.

imperatori diokletiane da keisari galeriusi ganagebdnen imperiis aRmo-

savleT nawils, maqsimiane da konstancius xlori _ dasavleTs~.75

qarTuli eklesiis saqmis gadaWra aRmosavleTSi mjdom mTavari qalaqis

episkoposs daekisra, IV s-is dasawyisSi. amitomac savsebiT SesaZlebelia,

imperatoris sagangebo davalebiT antioqiis episkoposi saqarTveloSi Camo-

suliyo IV s-is dasawyisSi, magram es srulebiT ar iZleva uflebas, gakeT-

des daskvna, rom amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesia antioqiis eklesias daeqvem-

debara. isic unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli eklesiis dafuZnebis dros imperiis

dedaqalaqi konstantinopoli rom yofiliyo, qarTuli eklesiis organizaciis

saqmeSi daxmarebis gaweva daevaleboda ara antioqiis episkoposs, aramed

dedaqalaqisas (saubaria ara ierarqiul daqvemdebarebaze, aramed eklesiis

organizaciaSi daxmarebis gawevaze).

mainc romeli eklesiis iurisdiqciis qveS imyofeboda qarTuli eklesia

IV saukuneSi — antioqiis, ierusalimis Tu konstantinopolis?

amJamad da winaTac, es sakiTxi yovelTvis sadavo iyo. mecnierebis erTi

nawili asaxelebs antioqias, meore konstantinopols, mesame ierusalims,

imis gamo, rom arc erT Cvenamde moRweul sabuTSi mtkiced ar aris dadge-

nili es sakiTxi, ufro metic, sabuTebi ar iZlevian amis dadgenis saSuale-

bas. vfiqrob, unda vilaparakoT ara sabuTebis naklovanebis Sesaxeb, aramed

sabuTebis mimarT midgoma unda Seicvalos.

Tu Cven am sakiTxs mivudgebiT im TvalsazrisiT, romelic jer kidev XII

saukuneSi gamoTqva cnobilma kanonistma balsamonma, sabuTebis naklovaneb-

is Sesaxeb aRar vimsjelebT.

balsamoni wers, rom IV saukuneSi romis imperiaSi avtokefaluri iyo

yvela provinciis eklesia. IV saukuneSi imperia dayofili iyo provincie-

bad, arsebobda 100-ze meti provincia. balsamonis azriT, im dros 100-ze

meti avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda mxolod romis imperiaSi, radganac

yvela provinciis mitropolia avtokefaluri iyo da mitropolitebi xel-

dasxmulni iyvnen Tavisive provinciis saeklesio krebis mier.

T. balsamoni me-2 msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis ganmartebisas rCevas

iZleva: `miaqcie yuradReba, rom am kanonis Tanaxmad, provinciebis yvela

mitropoliti avtokefaluri iyo da xeldasxmulni iyo Tavisi krebis mier~.76

amrigad, balsamonis Tanaxmad, IV saukuneSi imperiaSi arsebuli yvela

provinciis eklesia avtokefaluri iyo. igive iTqmis diocezTa eklesiebzec.

msxvili administraciuli erTeuli — diocezic Tavis mxriv provinciebad


iyo dayofili. IV saukunisaTvis imperiaSi 12 administraciuli erTeul-

diocezi yofila, xolo TiToeul am diocezSi 16-mde provincia Sedioda.77

cnobilia, rom diokletianem (284-305) administraciul nawilebad dayo

imperia — ̀ uzarmazari imperiis erTpirovnuli marTva Wirda, amitom diok-

letianem saxelmwifo jer orad gayo, meore naxevris mmarTvelad airCia

Tavisi axlobeli maqsenciusi da mas àvgustusis~ tituli mianiWa, xolo

Semdeg imperiis TiToeuli naxevari orad gayo da am gamonayof olqebs

saTaveSi Cauyena ori keisari. amrigad, imperia oTx nawilad gaiyo (tetrar-

qatis sistema). konstantine I-ma (306-337) aRadgina imperiis erTianoba, ma-

gram SeinarCuna saxelmwifos teritoriuli dayofa 4 provinciad, romelT-

agan TiToeuli 12 diocezad iyofoda. konstantines droidan imperatoris

xelisuflebis Zlier dasayrdenad iqca qristianoba~.78

b. lominaZem aRniSna, rom IV saukunisaTvis provinciebSi arsebuli ek-

lesiebi avtokefalurni iyvnen. provinciaTa eklesiebis (anu eparqiebis)

avtokefaluroba imiT gamoixateboda, rom provinciis saeklesio kreba irCevda

da adgenda meTaur episkoposs (mitropolits), garedan Caurevlad. imperi-

aSi provinciaTa didi ricxvis gamo avtokefaluri eklesiebis ricxvic

didi iyo. ukve IV saukuneSive daiwyo da V saukuneSi, faqtobrivad, TiTqmis

dasrulda avtokefaluri eklesiebis gaerTianeba jer diocezebis eklesie-

bSi, xolo Semdeg sapatriarqoebSi. amitomac IV saukuneSi arsebuli 100

avtokefaluri eklesiis nacvlad V saukunis Sua wlebSi imperiaSi 6 av-

tokefaluri eklesiaRa darCa. es procesi —avtokefaluri eklesiebis gauqme-

ba da msxvili sapatriarqoebis daarseba TandaTan xdeboda.

ÌV-V saukuneebSi, patriarqatis Camoyalibebis periodSi, gaCnda miswrafeba,

moespoT mitropolitebis avtokefalia da diocezis meTaur ùpirveles~,

ùwarCinebules~ mitropolitebs (momaval patriarqebs) mieRoT eparqiis

`Tavis~, ̀ mitropolitis~ dadgenis ufleba. magram vidre patriarqatis sistema

sabolood gaimarjvebda (qalkedonis 451 wlis IV msoflio krebis kan. 28)

da vidre yvela mitropoliis avtokefalia gauqmebuli ar iyo, msoflio

saeklesio krebebi sakmaod iZleodnen mitropoliebis avtokefaliis SenarC-

unebis garantias (nikeis I, kan. 7; efesos, kan. 8), amitomac jer kidev ar iyo

Zneli sadavod qceuli avtokefalia isev Zveli avtokefaliis sasargeb-

lod gadaWriliyo (kviprosis magaliTi 431 wels efesos krebaze).79

manamde ki, mitropoliebis avtokefaliis mospobamde, rogorc aRniSnuli

iyo, `bizantiaSi saeklesio provinciis (igive eparqiis) meTaurs (aerTianeb-

da eparqiaSi Semaval episkoposebs) ewodeboda ̀ Tavi~, ̀ pirveli~, aseve ̀ Tavis~

mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda `mitropolitic~ (miRebuli iyo, rom saeparqio

(provinciis) eklesiis `Tavad~ aucilebliv is episkoposi unda daesvaT,

romelic samoqalaqo administraciis (provinciis) dedaqalaqSi (metropo-

lis) ijda, mas dedaqalaqeli — ewodeboda da amas garda Tavisi sakuTari


gansagebeli hqonda, rogorc erT-erT episkoposTagans (antioqiis kr., kan 9).

episkoposTa `Tavs~ bizantiaSi adgenda TviT saeklesio olqis (eparqiis)

episkoposTa kreba, garedan Caurevlad (mociqulTa, kan.34; nikeis I, kan.6;

antioqiis, kan. 9; efesos, kan.8).80

amitom saeklesio mitropoliebi (eparqiebi) warmoadgendnen avtokefalur

eklesiebs (balsamonis komentari konstantinopolis II ms. krebis me-2 kano-

nis Sesaxeb:81 marTlac, IV saukuneSi saxelmwifos yvela olqis, anu provi-

nciis eklesiebis avtokefalurobas adastureben ara marto IV saukuneSi

mowveuli krebebis kanonebi (mag. nikeisa da efesosi), aramed Semdeg sauku-

neTa kanonistebic (mag. balsamoni). amitomac amasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba

daisvas aseTi kiTxva: Tu IV saukuneSi imperiaSi yvela olqis eklesia

avtokefaluri iyo, ratom ar unda yofiliyo IV saukuneSive daarsebuli

qarTuli eklesia avtokefaluri da ratom unda yofiliyo qarTuli ekle-

sia daqvemdebarebuli ucxoeTis sxva eklesiaze?

CvenSi dabejiTebiT miRebulia, rom qarTuli eklesia ierarqiulad eqvem-

debareboda konstantinopolis anda antioqiis eklesiebs. magram aseTi daqvem-

debareba xom ewinaaRmdegeboda mamaTa kanonebs? nuTu msoflio eklesia

dauSvebda kanonebis darRvevas qarTuli eklesiis mimarT? kanoni ki, rogorc

iTqva, aseTi iyo: `episkoposTa `Tavs~ bizantiaSi adgenda TviT saeklesio

olqis (eparqiis) episkoposTa kreba, garedan Caurevlad (mociqulTa, kan. 34,

antioqiis, kan. 9, nikeis I, kan. 6, efesos, kan. 8)~82 SeuZlebelia qarTuli

eklesiis mimarT IV saukunis TiTqmis yvela krebis kanonebi daerRviaT.

IV saukuneSi saqarTvelo iyo ara romis imperiaSi Semavali provincia,

aramed damoukidebeli saxelmwifo. saqarTvelo imperiis provinciac rom

yofiliyo, maSinac ki qarTuli eklesia avtokefaluri unda yofiliyo imperiis

sxva provinciaTa eklesiebis msgavsad, magram, saqarTvelo rogorc vTqviT,

damoukidebeli saxelmwifo iyo. amitomac, miT umetes, misi eklesia avtoke-

faluri unda yofiliyo. miuRebeli da mouTmeneli iqneboda IV saukuneSi

arsebuli saeklesio kanonebis darRveviT damoukidebeli saxelmwifos _ saqarTve-

los eklesia daqvemdebareboda imperiis romelime provinciis eklesias.

riT gamoixateboda IV saukuneSi eklesiis avtokefalia? imiT, rom am

eklesiis meTaurs saeklesio olqSive (provinciaSi) adgendnen garedan Cau-

revlad. qarTuli wyaroebic adastureben IV saukuneSive qarTuli eklesiis

meTaurebis saqarTveloSive dadgenis faqts, qarTvel mefeTa da gavleniani

wreebis mier CvenSi `ismebodnen~ eklesiis meTaurebi, garedan Caurevlad.

wmida nino evedreboda mefe mirians, rom episkoposad `daesva iakobi~.

qarTuli eklesiis meore episkoposi iakobi mefe mirianis nebiT dajda

eklesiis meTaurad. am episkopos iakobis sikvdilis Semdeg qarTvelTa mefem

episkoposad `dasva~ elia. `...mokuda episkoposi iakob, da dasua mis wil

elia~.83 elias sikvdilis Semdeg aqve, saqarTveloSive, axal episkoposad


`dasves~ svimoni _ `...mokuda elia episkoposi, da dasues sYmon~.84 aseve

saqarTveloSive mRvdeli miqaeli `daadgines episkoposad~. es mRvdeli sa-

berZneTidan yofila Camosuli, magram episkoposi ki ar yofila, aramed mRvde-

li, episkoposad is saqarTveloSive `daadgines~ _ `moiyvana mRdeli WeSmar-

iti saberZneTiT, saxeliT miqael da daadgina igi episkoposad...~85 da ase

Semdeg. episkoposebs aqve, saqarTveloSive, àdgenen~ an `svamen~ Sesabamisi

wreebi.

am dros, Cans, im saeklesio kanons eyrdnobian, romlis Tanaxmadac eklesi-

is meTaur episkoposs irCevs da adgens saeklesio kreba, romelSic adgilo-

brivi episkoposebi monawileoben xelisuflebis nebarTviT. antioqiis 344

wels mowveulma krebam daakanona ukee arsebuli wesi, romlis Tanaxmadac

eklesiis meTaurad episkoposTa Soris unda SeerCiaT dedaqalaqis episko-

posi (antioqiis krebis kan. 9); am meTaurs anu `Tavs~ adgenda TviT saekle-

sio olqis episkoposebis kreba.

am kanonis Tanaxmad, qarTuli eklesiis ̀ Tavi~ IV saukuneSive unda aerCia

qarTuli eklesiis episkoposebis krebas, mefis anda Sesabamisi adminis-

traciis nebarTviT da es `Tavi~ aucileblad unda yofiliyo dedaqalaqis

— mcxeTis episkoposi. marTlac, Cveni wyaroebi swored amas miuTiTeben,

rom mefe yovelTvis qarTuli eklesiis meTaurad `svams~ mcxeTis episko-

poss. amiT imdroindeli saeklesio kanonebi daculi iyo.

imisTvis, rom saqarTveloSive aerCiaT eklesiis meTauri da daesvaT is

Tavis saydarze, saWiro iyo episkoposTa krebis gadawyvetileba, anu saWiro

iyo, rom saqarTveloSive im dros ori an meti episkoposi mainc yofiliyo.

iyo, Tu ara saqarTveloSi IV saukuneSi ramdenime episkoposi? diax, iyo.

Cven gvaqvs wyaro, romlis Tanaxmadac, ukve mirian mefis sikvdilis droisTvis

(IV saukunis 60-ian wlebSi) saqarTveloSi iyo ramdenime episkoposi, magram

agreTve arsebobs XX saukunis mecnierTa varaudi, rom im dros saqarTveloSi

erTi episkoposi unda yofiliyo. es varaudi ar efuZneba raime wyaros,

amitomac Cven unda vendoT im Zvel qarTul wyaros, romelic wers, rom mefe

mirianma sikvdilis Jams `...davedra episkoposTa, raTa adidon dideba mis

adgilisa~86 _ wmida ninos saflavisa.

mirianma Tavisi ukanaskneli neba ganucxada ramdenime episkoposs, imJamad

myof episkoposebs, èpiskoposTao~ _ weria wyaroSi. swored es èpiskoposni~

TavianT krebaze irCevdnen qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs, xolo mefe ̀ svamda~ mas.

krebis Catareba, arCeva da dasma ar iyo ucxo imdroindeli qarTuli

sazogadoebisaTvis. garkveuli wreebi TviT mefes irCevdnen da svamdnen

taxtze. magaliTad, mefe mirianis Zmiswuli Trdati mefed ̀ dasves~ qarTvelma

warCinebulebma _ `maSin warCinebulTa qarTlisaTa zraxva yves da dasues

mefed simamri varaz-baqarisi, Ze revisi, Zmiswuli mirianisi, kaci moxucebu-

li, saxeliT Trdati...~87


aseve mefe arCil I aznaurTa krebam `dasva~ mefed. `SeiTqunes aznaurni

qarTlisani... dasues mefed arCil~88

unda vifiqroT, rom radganac imdroindeli qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis

Sekreba da meTauris gamorCeva uCveulo ar yofila, qarTveli episkopose-

bic TavianT krebaze gamoirCevdnen eklesiis meTaurs, rogorc amas moiTx-

ovda zemoT miTiTebuli msoflio saeklesio kanonebi.

qarTul eklesiaSi ramdenime episkoposi yofila ara marto mefe miri-

anis dros, rasac miuTiTebs matiane, aramed mis Semdegac, magaliTad, vaxtang

gorgasals, roca is sparseTidan dabrunda, miegebnen qarTveli episkoposebi,

ara saeklesio reformis Semdeg, aramed reformamde _ `warmovida vaxtang

qarTlad, da miegeba Ze misi daCi da mis Tana yovelni spasalarni da maT

Tana episkoposni~.89

cnobilia, rom saeklesio reformis Semdeg vaxtangma episkoposTa ricxvi

gaadida, magram matianis cnoba, rom am reformamdec qarTul eklesiaSi iyo

araerTi episkoposi, Zalze mniSvnelovania. TviT vaxtangis siWabukis dro-

sac qarTul eklesiaSi ori gamorCeuli da didi avtoritetis episkoposi

yofila. matiane wers: ̀ da ganmzada mefeman saxli erTi da dajda saydarTa

zeda maRalTa, xolo juanSer spaspeti da ornive episkoposni dasxdes

saydarTave, da sxuani yovelni erisTavni dasxdes selebiTa...~90 vaxtangis

saeklesio reformamdec (V saukunis I naxevarSi) Cvens eklesiaSi mravali

episkoposi yofila.91

Tumca, naxsenebi `ori episkoposis~ Sesaxeb sxvadasxva azria gamoTqmuli,

magram rogorc TviT konteqstidan Cans, erTi episkoposi iyo berZnuli saekle-

sio orientaciisa, xolo meore siro-sparsuli saeklesio orientaciisa, amito-

mac axlo mdgomi qristian maniqevelTa mimdinareobasTan. Tu gavixsenebT, rom

maniqevelizmi warmoadgenda garkveulwilad cecxlTayvanismcemlobisa da

qristianobis sinTezs,92 maSin gasagebi gaxdeba, rogorc aRniSnavda p. ingoroy-

va, ratom uwodebdnen am qristian episkoposs mwvalebels `sparsels~.

jer kidev vaxtang gorgaslis reformamde qarTul eklesiaSi rom mrava-

li episkoposi iyo, amas miuTiTebs isic, rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs im

dros hqonda tituli ̀ mTavarepiskoposi~, e.i. ufrosi, mTavari, pirveli episko-

posi, es igivea, rac ̀ episkoposTa Tavi~.

`moqcevaA qarTlisaA~ Cveni uZvelesi matiane, romelsac VII saukunes miaw-

eren, Tumca masSi wina saukuneTa fenebic aris, qarTuli eklesiis yvela

meTaurs, garda pirvelisa, mTavarepiskoposs uwodebs. `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~

ganasxvavebs episkopossa da mTavarepiskoposs da, Cans, realurad asaxavs

eklesiaSi arsebul viTarebas. magaliTad, is pirvel meTaurs qarTuli ek-

lesiisas `episkoposs~ uwodebs garkveul dromde, misi moRvaweobis pirvel

xanebSi, xolo Semdgom mas ukve `mTavarepiskoposs~ uwodebs. aseve mTavar-

episkoposs uwodebs mis Semdeg yvela episkoposs, romelnic meTaurobdnen

qarTul eklesias, V saukunis 70-wlebamde (kaTalikosobis dawesebamde).


`moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ orive redaqcia (a da b),93 qarTuli eklesiis

pirvel meTaurs, saberZneTidan Camosul iovanes `episkoposs~ uwodebs _

`da mosca mefeman iovane episkoposi da orni mRdelni da erTi diakoni~

(gv. 86, a), `xolo mefeman (konstantinem) waravlinna episkoposi iovane da

orni mRdelni da erTi diakoni.. (gv.86, b). magram imis Semdeg, rac mefe

mirianis wyalobiT qarTuli eklesia gaZlierda, xalxi masiurad gaqristi-

anda da qveyanaSi eklesiebis Seneba daiwyes, iovane ukve mTavarepikoposis

xarisxSia moxsenebuli _ ̀ ...aRivso urviTa (mefe)..., vidre ara iswava mTavar-

episkoposisgan~ (gv. 87, b).

ioanes Semdgom meTaurs qarTuli eklesiisas, aseve mTavarepiskoposs

uwodebs matianis orive redaqcia.

`dajda mefed bakur Ze revisi, da mokvda ioane ebiskoposi da dajda

iakob mRvdeli igi muniTve mosruli, mTavarepiskoposad~ (gv. 91, a). `dajda

mefed bakur, Ze revisi da mokuda ioaneca episkoposi da mis wil dajda

mRdeli, romeli eneba ninos mTavarepiskoposad~ (gv. 91,b);

moqcevaA qarTlisaA da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnobebi erTmaneTs avseben.

Tu `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, mefe mirianis gardacvalebis dros

Cvens eklesiaSi ukve ramdenime episkoposi iyo, `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~

Tanaxmad, am episkoposebis meTaurs ukve aqvs tituli `mTavarepiskoposisa~.

`dajda mefed ZmaA misi Trdat da mTavarebiskoposi iyo nerse somexTa

kaTalikozisa diakoni iob~ (gv. 91, a); ̀ dajda ZmaA misi Trdat, maSin mTavar-

episkoposi iyo nerse~ (iqve, b).

varaz baqaris drosac, rodesac sparselebma daipyres saqarTvelo, mTa-

varepiskoposi kvlav iobi yofila — ̀ da mTavarebiskoposi iyo igive iob, da

maSin movida qram xuar borzard sparsTa mefisa pitiaxSi tfilisad qalaqad

— cixed da qarTli missa xarksa Sedga...~ (gv. 92, a)

bakuris mefobis dros ukve elia mTavarepiskoposobda _ `mefobda bakur,

ZH Trdatisi da mTavarebiskoposi iyo elia~ (gv. 92, a,b), xolo farsmanis

mefobisas mTavarepiskoposobda svimon — `mefobda farsman diswuli Tr-

datisi da mTavarebiskoposi iyo sYmon~ (gv. 92, a,b).

arCilis mefobis dros oTxi mTavarepiskoposi gardaicvala — mefobda

arCil da mTavarebiskoposi iyo iona ... misve arCilis ze oTxni mTavar-

episkoposni gardaicvalnes~ (gv. 92, a).

mefe mirdatis dros mTavarepiskoposi glonoqori mTavarepiskoposic

yofila da erisTavic. xolo vaxtang gorgaslis dros kaTalikosobis dawese-

bamde mTavarepiskoposobdnen ioveli da miqaeli.

`da mere mefobda mirdat da mTavarepiskoposi iyo glonoqor da ese

mTavarebiskoposi erisTvadca iyo barazbod pitiaxSisagan qarTls da hereTs.

da misa Semdgomad mefobda didi vaxtang gorgasali da mTavarebiskoposi

iyo iovel. maSin wariyvanes vaxtang sparsTa da Semdgomad raodenisame


Jamisa moiqca da mTavarebiskoposi iyo miqael~ (gv. 92-93, a); miqaelis

Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis meTauris tituli iyo ara `mTavarepiskoposi~,

aramed `kaTalikosi~.

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, matianeTa Tanaxmad, kaTalikosobis

dawesebamde IV da V saukuneebSi qarTul eklesiaSi iyo mravali episkopo-

si, amitomac, upirveles episkoposs ewodeboda `mTavarepiskoposi~. mTavar-

episkoposis kaTedra mcxeTaSi (dedaqalaqSi) iyo da arsebuli wesis Tanax-

mad, is samoqalaqo mTavrobis nebiT unda ̀ damjdariyo~ saydarze, qarTuli

eklesiis meTauri ucxoeTidan ki ar CamohyavdaT, aramed saqarTveloSive

irCevdnen Tanamdebobaze da aZlevdnen Sesabamis wodebas, Tumca is erovnebiT

SeiZleba araqarTveli anda dabal xarisxSi myofi Camosuliyo saqarTveloSi.

magaliTad, miqaeli ubralo mRvdeli iyo, roca saberZneTidan Camoiyvanes.

is saqarTveloSive akurTxes da dasves mTavarepiskoposis taxtze, xolo

iobi diakvnis xarisxSi myofi Camovida saqarTveloSi. is aseve saqarTvelo-

Si iRebs axal, maRal tituls.

SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva: Tu qarTuli eklesia IV saukuneSi iseve avtoke-

faluri iyo, rogorc imperiis provinciaTa eklesiebi, maSin ratom gamogza-

vna qarTuli eklesiis pirveli episkoposi romis imperatorma konstan-

tinem? `qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ cnobebis Tanaxmad,

qarTuli eklesiis formirebisas, xalxis monaTvlisa da damoZRvrisaTvis

saWiro iyo ucxoeli samRvdeloebis daxmareba, magram SemdegSi qarTuli

eklesia, cxadia, iseve unda mowyobiliyo, rogorc mTel maSindel romis

imperiaSi iyo mowyobili sxva eklesiebi, kerZod, yoveli provinciis eklesia

avtokefaluri iyo da maTi meTauri provinciis samRvdeloebis mierve ir-

Ceoda. aRsaniSnavia, rom provincias, anu olqs ZvelqarTulad ewodeboda

`samTavro~ da did sjulis kanonSi IV saukunis krebebis kanonebis gadmo-

cemis dros sityva `samTavro~ mravaljer ixmareba.

II msoflio kreba, romelic 381 wels iqna mowveuli, imperiis aRmosav-

leTSi asaxelebs ramdenime avtokefalur eklesias, maT Soris antioqiisas,

asiisas, pontosas, Trakiisas da wers: `TiToeulsa samTavrosa krebaA mis

samTavroAsaA ganagebs nikeas gansazRvrebulisa kanonisaebr~. (II msoflio

krebis me-2 kanoni). rogorc aRvniSneT, ̀ samTavro~ ZvelqarTulad ewodebo-

da romaul ̀ provincias~ da am provinciaSi arsebul eklesiasac. am kanonis

Tanaxmad, TiToeuli olqis (provinciis, `samTavros~) eklesia (anu eparqia)

imarTeba am olqis saeklesio krebis mier. II msoflio kreba meore kanon-

Sive asaxelebs imperiis gareT arsebul eklesiebsac, romelnic mamaTa mier

damtkicebuli Cveulebisamebr unda imarTebodeso. aq igulisxmeba, pirvel

rigSi, amave kanonSi moxsenebuli nikeis krebis kanonebi, romelnic cnobdnen

da icavdnen arsebuli saeklesio samTavroebis, anu imperiis gareT myofi

(`barbarozebrTa warmarTTa Soris myofTa~)94 eklesiebis avtokefalias.


swored aseve esmoda es kanoni udides kanonist balsamonsac da aseve

wers cnobili kanonisti s. troicki amis Sesaxeb: `meore kanoni meore

msoflio krebisa, swored im krebisa, romelmac gansazRvra swavla erTiani

eklesiis Sesaxeb, saerTod ukrZalavs yvela adgilobriv eklesias, gaavrce-

los Tavisi iurisdiqcia Tavisi sazRvrebis iqiT... istoria mowmobs, rom im

krebis dros TavisTavadni, avtokefalurni iyvnen eklesiebi, Tu romis yvela

provinciaSi ara (provincia iyo 100-mde), yovel SemTxvevaSi yvela ToTxme-

tive diocezSi romis imperiisa... roca zogierTi didi eklesia Seecada

daeqvemdebarebina sxva patara adgilobrivi eklesiebi, maSin mociqulTa

kanonebis erTgulebam da RvTis suliT ganaTlebul msoflio episkoposTa

krebam aRkveTa aseTi cdebi. roca antioqiis didi eklesia Seecada daeqvem-

debarebina kviprosis patara eklesia, III msoflio krebam merve kanoniT

aseTi cda daaxasiaTa, rogorc ̀ saqme, romelic ewinaaRmdegeboda eklesiisa

da mociqulTa kanonebs (igulisxmeba mociqulTa 35-e kanoni)~.95

`balsamoni meore msoflio krebis epoqaSi avtokefalurebs uwodebs pr-

ovinciaTa yvela mitropolits.~96

`arsebobs mravali magaliTi ramdenime avtokefaluri eklesiis erT ek-

lesiad gaerTianebisa, magaliTad, IV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi yvela pro-

vinciaTa da mitropoliaTa eklesiebi (isini iyvnen daaxloebiT 100-mde,)

balsamonis mowmobiT (aTenis sint. II, 173) iyvnen avtokefalurebi. amasobaSi

meore msoflio krebis droisaTvis mitropoliebi gaerTiandnen did ek-

lesiebSi — egzarqatebSi, saxelmwifo diocezebis paralelurad, romelnic

iyvnen ToTxmeti, rac daadastura krebam Tavisi meore kanoniT, xolo Semdeg

dedaqalaqis eklesiebma, Tavidan romisam, xolo misi magaliTisamebr kon-

stantinepolisam, gaaerTianes TavianTi Zalauflebis qveS ramdenime dio-

cezi, ase rom VI saukuneSi berZenTa imperiaSi aRmoCnda sul eqvsi avtoke-

faluri eklesia, aseTi gaerTianebebi axal droSic xdeboda. 1920 wels

gaerTianda sami avtokefaluri eklesia...~97

rogorc zemoT moyvanili ganmartebidan Cans, IV saukunis dasawyisSi

romis imperiaSi avtokefaluri eklesiebis ricxvi 100-mde aRwevda, im mizezis

gamo, rom romis yvela provinciis eklesia avtokefaluri iyo. Semdgom,

amave saukuneSi mimdinareobda Serwyma-SeerTeba avtokefaluri eklesiebi-

sa imperiaSi arsebul diocezTa paralelurad, radganac imperiaSi iyo 14

diocezi, aseve 381 wlisaTvis imperiaSi aRmoCnda 14 avtokefaluri ekle-

sia. avtokefalur eklesiaTa Serwyma-gaerTianebis procesi Semdgomac gr-

Zeldeboda, gansakuTrebiT V saukunis pirvel naxevarSi. axla ukve imperiis

mTavari qalaqebis eklesiebi Tavis garSemo aerTianebdnen ramdenime dio-

cezis avtokefalur eklesias. ase gaerTianda qalaq romis eklesiaSi ram-

denime diocezi, xolo 451 wels krebam qalaq konstantinopolis eklesias

dauqvemdebara sami diocezis — asiis, pontos da Trakiis diocezTa av-

tokefaluri eklesiebi. amitomac, V saukunis bolosaTvis imperiaSi avtoke-


falur eklesiaTa ricxvi Zlier Semcirda, da VI saukuneSi, rogorc iTqva,

ukve eqvsi avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda mTel imperiaSi.

VI saukunisaTvis avtokefalia dakarges iseTma Zvelma eklesiebmac, romelTagan

zogierTni TviT mociqulTa mier iyo daarsebuli. TviT ierusalimis eklesia-

mac ki dakarga avtokefalia da kesaria-palestinis episkoposis xelqveiT

imyofeboda. IV msoflio krebam misi avtokefalia mTlianad aRadgina. aseve, s.

troickis Tanaxmad, mociqulTa mier daarsebulma aTenis eklesiamac avtokefa-

lia dakarga da mxolod mravali aseuli wlis Semdeg aRidgina igi.

riT gamoixateba eklesiis avtokefalia? s. troicki kiTxvas ase upasux-

ebs: `TviT avtoritetuli ganmmarteblebi kanonebisa avtokefaliis arss

xedaven swored xeldasxmaSi, rom mocemuli eklesiis episkoposebs SeuZli-

aT xeli daasxan, anu akurTxon TavianTi eklesiis axali episkoposebi.

ar eqvemdebarebian arc erT patriarqs eklesiebi bulgareTisa, kvipro-

sisa da iberiisa (e.i. qarTuli), radganac mRvdelmTavrebi am eklesiebisa

Cveulebriv iReben xirotonias Tavisive episkoposebisagan~, _ wers Tavis

alfabetur sintagmaSi maTeos blastari.98

yovelive zemoT moyvanilidan SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom 320-ian wlebSi

organizebuli qarTuli eklesia usaTuod iseve unda mowyobiliyo, rogorc

imperiaSi arsebuli sxva eklesiebi. imperiaSi ki yvela provinciis anu

administraciuli erTeulis eklesia avtokefaluri iyo. saqarTvelo romis

provincia ar yofila, is iyo imperiis gareT arsebuli saxelmwifo. Tuki

imperiaSi yovel administraciul erTeuls hqonda Tavisi avtokefaluri

eklesia, bunebrivia, saqarTvelos saxelmwifos eklesiac avtokefaluri unda

yofiliyo.

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalias safrTxe emuqreboda ara IV saukuneSi,

aramed V da VI saukuneebSi, radganac jer kidev IV saukuneSi dawyebuli

provinciebis eklesiebis avtokefaliis gauqmeba V saukuneSi TiTqmis das-

rulda, xolo VI saukuneSi ukve dakanonebuli iyo. rogorc vTqviT, imperia

dayofili iyo 12-14 diocezad, Zalze msxvil administraciul erTeulebad,

erT diocezSi Sedioda 16-mde provincia. II msoflio krebis droisTvis,

provinciaTa eklesiebis SeerTebis Semdeg, imperiaSi mxolod diocezTa

eklesiebi iyvnen avtokefalurni. saqarTvelos eklesia ar SeiZleboda ro-

melime diocezis eklesias SeeerTebina, radganac saqarTvelo iyo TavisTa-

vadi da damoukidebeli saxelmwifo, amitomac provinciaTa eklesiebis Ser-

wyma qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliaze araviTar gavlenas ar moaxdenda. V

saukunis Sua wlebisaTvis ki savsebiT SesaZlebeli iyo, imperiis romelime

dedaqalaqs pretenzia ganecxadebina qarTul eklesiaze. saqme is iyo, rom

ukve V saukunisaTvis imperiis mTavari qalaqebis eklesiebma SeierTes

TavianT garSemo myofi diocezebi. am dros didi qalaqebis (romis, antioqi-

is, konstantinopolis. aleqsandriis, ierusalimis) xelqveiT aRmoCnda mTe-


li imperia, maT moipoves agreTve gavlena imperiis gareT arsebul teri-

toriebze. magaliTad, pontos diocezi Tavisi misioneruli moRvaweobis

wyalobiT gavlenas avrcelebda imperiis gareT mcxovreb xalxebze, axlad-

moqceul qristianebze. pontos diocezi 451 wlis msoflio krebam dauqvem-

debara konstantinopols, amitomac pontos diocezis gavlenis qveS myofi

imperiis gareTa qristianebic konstantinopols daeqvemdebarnen. aseve an-

tioqiac Tavisi misioneruli moRvaweobis gamo gavlenas ZvelTaganve avr-

celebda axladmoqceul barbarosebze (imperiaSi an imperiis gareT mcx-

ovreb araberZnul xalxebze): swored V saukunidan gaCnda miswrafeba

imperiis dedaqalaqisa da sxva sapatriarqoebisa, rom TavianT iurisdiqcia-

Si moeqciaT sxva eklesiebi. amitomac, qarTuli eklesia SeiZleboda avtoke-

faluri yofiliyo IV saukuneSi, xolo V saukuneSi misi avtokefalia sa-

davod gaexadaT, ecadaT moespoT qarTuli eklesiis damoukidebloba.

Cven unda vifiqroT, rom IV saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia iseve damoukidebe-

li iyo, rogorc imperiaSi arsebuli provinciebisa da diocezebis eklesiebi.

SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva, Tu IV saukuneSi arsebobda avtokefalur ekle-

siaTa didi raodenoba, ratom gamoiwvia winaaRmdegoba mefe papis mier

somxuri eklesiis avtokefaliis gamocxadebam 370-ian wlebSi?

cnobilia, rom kanonikuri samarTlis korifem basili didma gaaprotesta

da anaTemas gadasca somxuri eklesiis es moqmedeba.

saqme is iyo, rom am droisaTvis ukve provinciaTa eklesiebi gaerTianeb-

uli iyo diocezebSi. basili didi iyo pontos diocezis egzarqosi. somexTa

is nawili, romelmac avtokefalia gamoacxada, administraciulad pontos

diocezSi Sedioda, e.i. administraciulad iyo ara damoukidebeli saxelm-

wifo, aramed Sedioda romis imperiaSi, kerZod ki, pontos diocezSi. mTel

pontos diocezze ki Tavis iurisdiqcias axorcielebda am diocezis ekle-

sia da misi egzarqosi basili didi. amitomac iyo is winaaRmdegi, mis

diocezSi mcxovreb xalxs mieRo avtokefalia. es mas miaCnda diocezis

saeklesio ganxeTqilebad. jer kidev nikeis I msoflio krebis (325 w.) me-9

kanonis Tanaxmad, SeizRuda avtokefalur eklesiaTa uflebebi saolqo mit-

ropolitis sasargeblod, `TiToeuli samTavros episkoposebi unda emor-

Cilebodnen dedaqalaqis episkoposs (mitropolits)~. am kanonis Tanaxmadac,

pontos diocezis yvela episkoposi diocezis egzarqos basili dids unda

daqvemdebareboda da avtokefalia, damoukidebloba ar unda gamoecxadebi-

na. es somex episkoposebsac Seexeba, romelTac mefe papis dros somexTa

eklesiis avtokefalia gamoacxades.

es kanoni (I msoflio krebis kan. 9) saqarTvelos saxelmwifos dedaqala-

qis, mcxeTis episkoposs uqvemdebarebda am saxelmwifos yvela qristians.

dedaqalaqis episkoposs Seexeba agreTve sardikiis me-6 kanoni, romelic

ambobs: `Tu arCeul unda iqnas dedaqalaqis episkoposi (mitropoliti),


saWiroa maxlobeli episkoposebis mowveva~. Cveni eklesiis mimarT es imas

niSnavs, rom mcxeTis arqiepiskoposis kurTxevis dros saWiro iyo maxlobe-

li eklesiebis episkoposebis mowveva an maTi Tanxmoba. CvenTvis mezobeli

eklesiebi iyvnen antioqia, somxeTi, ponto, konstantinopoli. Cans, maTac ekiTx-

ebodnen, am kanonis Tanaxmad, axali episkoposis kurTxevis Tanxmobas.

dedaqalaqis episkoposs Seexeba, agreTve, qalkedonis krebis me-12 kanoni,

`ramdeni qalaqic samefo sabuTebiT dedaqalaqis pativiTaa damtkicebuli,

hqondeT maT es pativi~. es, pirvel rigSi, Seexeboda imperiis aRmosavleT

nawilis mTavar qalaqebs, magram, cxadia, ganzogaddeboda saqarTvelos

dedaqalaqis, mcxeTis arqiepiskoposzec. am kanoniT miiCneva, rom dedaqala-

qis episkoposi aris mitropoliti, avtokefaluri eklesiis meTauri. amito-

mac damoukidebelia saqarTvelos saxelmwifos dedaqalaqis meTauric, romel-

sac marTlac hqonda `mTavarepiskoposis~ maRali tituli. s. troicki wers,

rom mTavarepiskoposis tituli, rogorc wesi, hqonda avtokefaluri eklesi-

is meTaurs. ̀ IV-VIII saukuneebSi tituli arqiepiskoposisa niSnavda ierarqs,

romelsac hqonda ufro meti Zalaufleba, vidre mitropolitis Zalaufle-

ba iyo da, rogorc wesi, miekuTvneboda avtokefaluri eklesiis meTaurs~.99

rogorc aRvniSneT, `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ Tanaxmad, ukve IV saukunis I

naxevridanve qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs `mTavarepiskoposis~ tituli hqon-

da, is avtokefalur eklesias edga saTaveSi.


Ta v i I V

qarTuli eklesia V saukuneSi

` d id - bu n e bo v a n k acT a d a s a x elo v a n gm i rT am a gal iT e b iT i stor i a swurT n i s er s a ,

zrd i s , d a d id e buln i s a q m e n i k i d e v g ulsu k eT e b e n mo q m e d e b i s a T v i s , a q ez e b e n , a m x n e v e b e n ,

Tu n a m e t n a v a d i s m a gal iT e b i er i ss a kuT ar i s i stor i i s a n i ar i a n .~



qveynis zogadi mdgomareoba V saukuneSi

V saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelo ukve daxarkuli qveyana iyo sparsel-

Ta mier. marTalia, sparselebma ver SeZles qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis

gauqmeba, magram daufaravad cdilobdnen qarTvelebis asimilacias. pirvel

rigSi, maT surdaT qarTvelebs mieRoT sparsuli sarwmunoeba _ cecxlTay-

vanismcemloba. isini ebrZodnen da krZalavdnen qarTul erovnul wes-

Cveulebebs da tradiciebs. qristianoba im droisaTvis ukve qarTul erovnul

sarwmunoebad iyo qceuli da qarTvelebs qristianuli wes-Cveulebebi hqon-

daT. maTi moSliT sparselebs imedi hqondaT, rom qarTvelebis erovnul

saxes moSlidnen da sparsuls dauaxlovebdnen.

garda amisa, sparselebi qarTul saxelmwifoebriobas, anu mefobas Zirs

uTxridnen. maT V saukuneSi SeZles somxeTsa da albaneTSi mefobis gauqme-

ba, magram saqarTveloSi es ver moaxerxes, cxadia, im mizezis gamo, rom

qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba Zlieri iyo da misi mospoba advili ar iyo.

sparselebs imedi hqondaT, rom TviT saqarTveloSi moZebnidnen im Zalebs,

romelnic SeebrZolebodnen qarTvel mefeebs da mospobdnen mefobas. qarTveli

mTavrebi da didi aznaurebi sparselebis daxmarebiT saqarTvelos mefes

ebrZodnen.1 marTlac, VI saukunis dasawyisSi mefobis gauqmeba mTavrebisa

da didi aznaurebis meoxebiT momxdara. VI saukuneSi mefobis gauqmebis

Semdeg `qarTlis mTavrebi da didi aznaurebi ki Tavs kargad grZnobdnen.

mefobis mospoba qarTlSi xom umTavresad maTi saqme iyo. Zveli qarTveli

mematiane amtkicebs, rom mas Semdeg, rac vaxtangis STamomavlobas mefis

ufleba waarTves, qarTlSi ukve aznaurebi gabatondneno. marTlac, didi

aznaurebi advilad Seuxmatkbildnen sparselebs da exmarebodnen maT qvey-

nis marTva-gamgeobaSi. samagierod, sparselebic maT Tavis wyalobas ar

aklebdnen, msxvil Tanamdebobebsa da jildoebs urigebdnen da zogjer

memkvidreobiTac umtkicebdnen micemul moxeleobas.~2

Tuki sparselebi cbierebiTa da veragobiT cdilobdnen qarTvelTa ga-

texas, bizantiis,3 anu `berZnebis~ damokidebuleba sruliad sxvagvari iyo

saqarTvelos mimarT. bizantiam IV saukunis bolos CamoaWra qarTul sax-

elmwifos samxreTis teritoriebis didi nawili, uSualod miuerTa imperias,

xolo V saukunis pirvel naxevarSi dasavleT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani

nawili miitaca. Tuki sparselebi, ase Tu ise, erovnul institutebs (mag.,


qarTul saxelmwifos, qarTul eklesias) xels ar axlebdnen da mxolod

daxarkviT kmayofildebodnen, bizantia mitacebul qarTul miwebze saerTod

auqmebda yovelgvar qarTul instituts, amitomac qarTvelebisaTvis araqris-

tiani sparselebis batonoba ufro mosaTmeni iyo, vidre qristiani berZnebis

moqmedebaa. swored aman hpova asaxva `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~, sadac naTq-

vamia, rom roca bizantielebma dasavleT saqarTvelos miwebi miitaces,

mTel saqarTveloSi didi urva da wuxili Seiqmna da yoveli qarTveli

didad glovobdao: `masve Jamsa gamovides berZenni... da daipyres egris-

wyliTgan vidre cixe-gojadmde, maSin iqmna glova da wuxili yovelTa zeda

qarTvelTa da ityodes... samarTlad moawia RmerTman Cuen zeda ese risxva,

rameTu migucna Cuen wartyuenvad ucxoTa naTesavTa da migYRo Cuen sazR-

vari berZenTagan, viTarca miuRo varaz-baqars mefesa klarjeTi...~4

yoveli qarTvelis glova, mematianeebis mier aRwerili, SeiZleba iTqvas,

erTaderTi SemTxvevaa qarTveli eris mravalsaukunovani istoriis manZilze.

qarTvelebis saerTo glova imiT iyo gamowveuli, rom bizantia mitacebul

qarTul miwebs swrafad rTavda imperiis sisxlsavse cxovrebaSi da swrafadve

kulturulad `aberZnebda~ qarTul mosaxleobas. Tuki qarTvelebs sparsel-

Ta winaaRmdeg farad hqondaT qristianuli sarwmunoeba, berZnuli asimi-

laciisgan maT araferi ar ifaravda. miuxedavad amisa, radganac saqarTve-

los didi da umTavresi nawili sparsTa gavlenis qveS imyofeboda, mTavari

safrTxe mainc sparselebisgan modioda. am dros ki, rogorc aRvniSneT,

qarTvelTa damcveli swored berZnuli orientacia da qristianobis is saxe

iyo, romelsac im dros bizantiaSi aRiarebdnen. vaxtang gorgasali berZnuli

orientaciisa iyo da sikvdilis win anderZic datova, rom qarTvelebs ̀ berZenTa

siyvaruli~ ar mietovebinaT, Tumca ̀ berZnebs~ SeebrZola kidec da saqarTve-

los daubruna maTgan mitacebuli teritoriebi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom im dros, V saukuneSi, arsebobda ori gansxvavebuli

mimarTuleba qristianobaSi. erT mimarTulebas bizantia mfarvelobda da

aRiarebda, xolo meore mimarTulebas sparseTis saxelmwifo mfarvelobda.

qristianobis im mimarTulebas, romelsac sparseTi mfarvelobda, s. janaSia

`sparsul~ qristianobas uwodebs. ase magaliTad. is wers: `pirvel kaTali-

kosad vaxtangma diofizitobis momxre piri daniSna da amiT `sparsul~

qristianobas, monofizitobas, aSkara brZola gamoucxada.~5

ar iqneboda swori, Tu warmovidgendiT, rom sparseTi qristianobis yovel

mimarTulebas ebrZoda. sparseTi mxolod im mimarTulebas, qristianobis im

frTas ebrZoda, romelic im momentSi romis (bizantiis) imperiaSi iyo

aRiarebuli. TviTon sparseTSi mravali qristiani cxovrobda da sparselebis

arcTu mcire nawili qristiani iyo, maT hqondaT TavianTi eklesia da

TavianTi saeklesio ierarqia, xolo sparseTis imperiaSi mcxovrebi xalxebi,

magaliTad, sirielebi da somxebi qristianebi iyvnen, romelTa eklesiebic

sparseTisaTvis misaRebi iyo.


sparseTis samefo karma, roca mixvda, rom mazdeanobis gavrceleba arcTu

advili iyo da qristiani xalxebi ar daTmobdnen TavianT sarwmunoebas,

Secvala sarwmunoebrivi politika. im mizniT, raTa mis imperiaSi mcxovrebi

qristianebi bizantiuri gavlenis qveS ar yofiliyvnen, sparseTma ineba, rom

isini moqceuliyvnen iranofilurad ganwyobili qristianuli eklesiebis

gavlenisa da kontrolis sferoSi. aseTebi iyvnen antibizantiurad ganwyo-

bili siriuli da sparsuli eklesiebi. ̀ mis Semdeg, rac daeca somex mefeTa

taxti (428 w.), somxeTSi sparsTa xelisuflebam fexi mtkiced moikida, bizan-

tiis imperiisadmi dapirispirebuli iranis Sahis kari im xanebSi mxars

uWerda siriuli kulturis gavlenis gavrcelebas berZnulis sawinaaRmde-

god, siriul kulturas somxeTSi, isedac Rrmad hqonda fesvebi gamdgari da

mTavrobis mfarvelobis pirobebSi mas kidev ufro gaeSala frTebi~.6

sparselni siriul qristianobas mfarvelobdnen bizantielTa sapirispirod.

aRsaniSnavia, rom am droisaTvis siriuli qristianobis centri antioqia

iyo. V saukunis Semdeg, ki siriuli eklesia orad gaiyo: dasavleTi siriu-

li eklesia, romelic siria libans moicavda, da aRmosavleTi siriuli

eklesia, romelic Crdilo mesopotamias da irans moicavda.7

sparseTis (qaldeuri) qristianebi (mogvianebiT nestorianebi) odesRac

Tavis Tavs nestorianebs ar uwodebdnen. es saxeli maT uwodes berZnebma

da monofizitebma. moxerxebuli erovnuli baza berZnuli eklesiisagan

ganSorebisaTvis siriulenovani eretikosebisaTvis iyo sparseTi. maTi gan-

manaTlebeli iyo sasazRvro edesis skola.

sparseTis qristianebma 410 wlis krebaze gamoacxades TavianTi avtoke-

falia Tavisi kaTalikosis meTaurobiT. adre isini cdilobdnen antioqiis

gaTavisuflebas berZeni patriarqisagan. 423 wlis krebam aukrZala am ek-

lesiis wevrebs yovelgvari kavSiri antioqiis patriarqTan~8 (isini antioqi-

is marTlmadideblur eklesias `melqiturs~ uwodebdnen, rac qarTulad

`samefos~ niSnavs).

siriuli eklesiis (romelic Semdeg iakobitebad da nestorianebad gaiyo)

centri antioqia iyo. antioqiaSi uamravi qristianuli sarwmunoebrivi mima-

rTuleba arsebobda. V saukuneSi antioqiis eklesia dayofili iyo mraval

iurisdiqciad. IV saukunis bolos, a. kartaSevis Tanaxmad, kidev axali

iurisdiqcia warmoqmnila: ̀ antioqia am dros ukve dayofili iyo sam iuris-

diqciad, axla warmoiqmna meoTxe. aq arsebobda: 1. meletis iurisdiqcia. 2.

evzois iurisdiqcia (arianulis magvari). 3. pavlinis iurisdiqcia. 4. apo-

linaris (375 wlisaTvis) iurisdiqcia~.9

ase rom, V saukunisaTvis qristianobaSi arsebobda sparsofiluri frTa,

romelic mkveTrad gamoxatuli antiberZnuli mimarTulebisa iyo. TviT spar-

seTSic ki avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda, romelsac kaTalikosi marTav-

da. Tu V saukunis dasawyisSi sparsofiluri iyo siriisa da sparseTis


eklesiebi, am saukunis bolosTvis somxeTis eklesiac ZiriTadad sparsofi-

luri da sparseTis saxelmwifosTvis misaRebi eklesia iyo.

cxadia, aseTi mdgomareoba gavlenas moaxdenda sparseTis gavlenis sfer-

oSi arsebul saqarTvelos sazogadoebaze. saqarTveloSi V saukunisaTvis

uTuod arsebobdnen rogorc berZnuli (elinofiluri), aseve sparsofiluri

qristianuli saeklesio dajgufebani. swored amitom saqarTvelos mefe

sagangebo da Zalze daZabul mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda. rogorc aRvniSneT,

sparseTis survili iyo saerTod moespo qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba, amit-

omac mTavrebsa da did aznaurebs xels uwyobda amaSi. garda amisa, qveyana-

Si arsebuli sparsofiluri saeklesio wreebi, sparsTagan daxmarebis moimedeni,

albaT, swored sparseTis politikis ganxorcielebisaTvis zrunavdnen. Tavis

mxriv, bizantiac aqtiurad ereoda saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi

da dausjelad ar tovebda sparsofilebis gavlenis gafarToebas. magali-

Tad, roca mefe varaz-baqaris dros bizantiam miitaca klarjeTi da vax-

tangis dros egrisis nawili, qarTvelebi ambobdnen: `...ara keTilad vipyarT

sjuli qristesi da wesi iovanes mcnebisa, samarTlad moawia RmerTman Cuen

zeda ese risxva, rameTu migucna Cuen wartyuenvad ucxoTa naTesavTa da

migveRo Cuen sazRvari berZenTagan, viTarca miuRo varaz-baqars mefesa

klarjeTi da igi codviTa varaz-baqarisiTa moiwia, rameTu ver keTilad

epyra sjuli qristesi~.10

qarTveli mefeebi, ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, erTdroulad an orive

dampyrobels _ sparseTsa da saberZneTs _ ebrZodnen, anda brZnulad iy-

enebdnen winaaRmdegobas am saxelmwifoTa Soris da xan berZnebs ebrZodnen

sparselTa ZaliT, xan ki sparselebs berZenTa ZaliT.

398-400 wlebSi mefobda farsmani. `mefeTa ambavis~ Tanaxmad, farsmans

xarkis gadaxdac ki Seuwyvetia iranelebisaTvis, meore mxriv, TiTqosda

bizantielebsac ebrZoda.11

Semdgomi mefe mirdati `mter eqmna berZenTa da sparsTa. berZenTagan

eZiebda klarjeTs, sazRvarsa qarTlisasa, xolo sparsTa ara miscemda

xarksa~.12 sparselebma is daamarcxes.

V saukunis 20-ian wlebSi gamefda arCili. juanSeris Tanaxmad, am arCil-

ma `moirTo Zali saberZneTiT da warZRuanebiTa juarisaTa iwyo brZolad

sparsTa~. cecxlis msaxurni ganudevnia, eklesiebi moukazmia, sinamdvileSi

ki, n. janaSias azriT, qarTli am dros irans emorCileboda.

V saukunis 40-iani wlebidan iranma daiwyo axali, metad aqtiuri da

agresiuli politikis gatareba, romlis mizani iyo moespo qarTlis Sinagani

damoukidebloba da gadaeqcia is (da amierkavkasia) iranis provinciad.

iranelebma gadawyvites qarTlis (da amierkavkasiis) izolacia arairan-

uli (berZnul-romauli) samyarosagan.13

`sainteresoa, rom iranelebs kavSiris gabma mouxerxebiaT qristianul

eklesiasTanac ki, romelsac isini saerTod ebrZodnen. amas uadvilebdaT is


garemoeba, rom am dros qristianul eklesiaSi uamravi sxvadasxva mim-

dinareoba arsebobda, romlebic erTmaneTis mimarT uaRresad mtrulad

iyvnen ganwyobilni. orTodoqsalur eklesias konstantinopoli mfarvelob-

da, magram mas uZlieresi opozicia hyavda ZiriTadad aRmosavleTSi. iranelebi

mxars uWerdnen opozicionerebs, romlebsac orTodoqsebisa da maSasadame,

maT ukan mdgomi saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg iyenebdnen.14

àm periodSi qarTlsa da amierkavkasiis sxva qveynebSi mimdinareobs

feodalizaciis procesi, romelic gulisxmobs gaafTrebul brZolas cen-

tralur xelisuflebasa (mefes) da centridanul Zalebs (feodalebs) Soris.

feodalTa mizani iyo memkvidreobiT daemtkicebinaT is miwebi da Tanamde-

bobebi, romlebic maT eWiraT. amasTan, isini cdilobdnen maqsimalurad

SeezRudaT mefis uflebebi maT xelqveiT arsebul miwebze. mefe ki imisTvis

ibrZoda, rom Tavisi gamgeblobidan ar gaeSva es miwebi, sruli Zalaufleba

SeenarCunebina mTeli samefos miwa-wyalze da yovel Tanamdebobaze daniS-

vna mxolod misi surviliT momxdariyo. iranelebi iyenebdnen am winaaRmde-

gobas da feodalebs hpirdebodnen maTTvis sasurveli privilegiebis damt-

kicebas. yovelive zemoaRniSnuli saSualebas aZlevda iranelebs amierkavkasiis

qveynebis saeklesio cxovrebaSic Careuliyvnen. pirvelwyaroebSi kargad

aris asaxuli, Tu rogor ereodnen isini somxuri eklesiis saqmeebSi (ma-

galiTad, V saukunis 20-iani wlebidan somxeTis eklesiis meTaurs, kaTali-

koss Sahi niSnavda Tavisi survilis mixedviT). Cans, iranelebs qarTlSic

daumyarebiaT kavSiri garkveul saeklesio wreebTan. am mxriv yuradRebas

ipyrobs ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ matianis cnoba, romlis Tanaxmadac, arCilis

Zis, mirdatis dros qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi glonoqori èrisTvadca~

iyo barazbod pitiaxSisagan qarTls da hereTs~.15 bunebrivi iqneboda, rom

glonoqorisTvis iranelebs daekisrebinaT ara marto erisTavoba, aramed

romelime sxva mniSvnelovani saero funqcia. magaliTad, Cven viciT, rom

swored am periodSi iranelebis mier daniSnuli somxeTis kaTalikosebi

cxovel monawileobas iRebdnen iranelebisaTvis xarkis akrefaSi. asea, Tu

ise, rogorc n. janaSia aRniSnavs, ìranelebis mier qarTlis eklesiasTan

kavSiris gabma arsebiTad niSnavda adgilobrivi aznaurebis garkveul fe-

nasTan kavSiris damyarebas~.16

`roca zogi aznauri gamdidrda da gaZlierda, mas ukve mefis morCileba

aRar surda. garda amisa, aznaurebs mefisgan mamulebi hqondaT miRebuli

samsaxuris pirobiT. mefe am mamulebs Tavis sakuTrebad Tvlida. aznaurebs

ki maTi daTmoba enanebodaT da sabolood miCemeba surdaT. gaCaRda brZo-

la mefesa da did aznaur-mTavrebs Soris. amiT isargebles sparselebma,

mefis ukmayofilo aznaurebTan kavSiri gaabes da isini Tavis mxareze

gadaibires~.17 qarTuli eklesia V saukuneSi udides miwismflobelad ga-

daiqca da iseTive interesebi gauCnda, rogorc sxva miwismflobelebs, es

Cans rogorc `qarTlis cxovrebidan~, ise `moqcevaA qarTlisaAdan~.


`episkoposebad am dros ukve warCinebulebs, aznaurebs vxedavT. am episko-

posebs axla Tavisi mefe iseve moZulebuli hyavdaT, rogorc mTavrebsa da

sxva did aznaurebs. eklesias V saukuneSi ukve didi mamulebi hqonda. am

mamulebis gamo qarTlis mefesa da samRvdeloebas Soris iseTive brZola

gaCaRda, rogoric mefesa da sxva did aznaurebs Soris iyo. amitom dauax-

lovda erTmaneTs sparselebi da qarTlis samRvdeloeba. TandaTan qarT-

lis mTavarepiskoposi da episkoposebis umravlesoba sparselebis mxares

gadavida iseve, rogorc mezobel somxeTSi. samagierod sparselebi Tavis

momxre episkoposebs uxvad ajildoebdnen. iyo iseTi SemTxvevac, roca qarT-

lis mTavarepiskoposi erisTavadac ki iyo daniSnuli sparselebis mier. ase

daiwyo qarTlis mTavrebisa da episkoposebis brZola sparselebTan xelix-

el CakidebiT qarTlis mefis winaaRmdeg~.18

`qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da sxva wyaroebSi gadmocemuli miqael mTavar-

episkoposisa da vaxtang mefis brZola uTuod adasturebs s. janaSiasa da

n. janaSias zemoT moyvanil Tvalsazriss. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad,

vaxtang gorgasali pirdapir eubneba miqaels, rom mas saeklesio simdidre

aqvs dagrovili da am simdidris dakargvisa eSinia, _ ̀ vecxlismoyuare xar

Sen, rameTu Senca meguadruce xar qristesi~.19

`meguadruce~ niSnavs molares, simdidris damgrovebelsa da Semnaxvels.

swored am dagrovili simdidris dakargvis eSinoda miqaels. umTavres

simdidred im dros miwa iTvleboda. miwa aznaurebsa da sxva feodalebs,

rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, mefisgan hqondaT miRebuli. miwis sabolood misa-

kuTrebis survili iyo mizezi mefesa da aznaurTa Soris gaCaRebuli omisa.

somxeTSi 428 wels adgilobrivi feodalebis SemweobiT sparselebma mefo-

ba gaauqmes. aseve momxdara qarTlSic VI saukunis dasawyisSi. aqac didma

aznaurebma sparselTa daxmarebiT mefoba gaauqmes. qarTuli matiane aRniS-

navs kidec amas: `xolo vinaATgan moaklda mefoba SvilTa gorgaslisaTa,

miT JamiTgan epyra ufleba qarTlisa aznaurTa vidre amaTadmde, aramed

daesrula ufleba qarTlisa aznaurTa borotTa saqmeTa maTgan~.20 sparsma

xelisufalma qarTlSi mefobis gauqmebis Semdeg. `...uwyo zraxvad erisTav-

Ta qarTlisaTa: aRuTqua keTili didi da dauwera saerisTaoTa maTTa

mamuloba SviliTi-Svilamde, da esreT waribirna liqniTa da gandges

erisTavni da TYs-TYsad xarksa miscemdes qasre ambarvezsa~.21

ara marto sparselebi emxrobodnen qarTvel didaznaur-erisTavebs qarTv-

el mefeTa winaaRmdeg omSi, aramed berZnebic. isini erisTavebs saxeloebs

da mamulebs utovebdnen memkvidreobis uflebiT, maSin roca qarTvel mefe-

Ta dros maT Tanamdebobebi da miwebi samsaxuris pirobiT hqondaT micemu-

li da Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis dros miwebsac kargavdnen. axla ki maTi

Tanamdeboba memkvidreobiT Svilebsa da SviliSvilebs gadaecemoda:

`esreT ra ucalo iqmnes sparsni, maSin SeiTqunes yovelni erisTavni

qarTlisani, zemoni da qvemoni, da wargzavnes mociquli winaSe berZenTa


mefisa da iTxoves, raTa ...iyvnen erisTavni igi TYs-TYssa saerisTaosa Se-

ucvalebelad~.22

Tu aqamde, qarTvel mefeTa dros, qarTuli eklesiis meTauri mefis mier

`ismeboda~ da kaTalikosis sikvdilis Semdeg mis adgils sul sxva gvaris

adamiani iWerda, amis Semdeg kaTalikosis Tanamdebobac memkvidreobiTi

gaxda. mcxeTaSi VI saukuneSi or ojaxs kaTalikosis Tanamdeboba memkvi-

dreobiT miuRia da kaTalikosobas am ojaxis wevrebi iRebdnen. amis Sesaxeb

`moqcevaA qarTlisaA~ wers: _ Semdgomad mefobda farsman sxua da kaTal-

ikozi iyo dasabia. mkYdri mcxeTeli. da aqaATgan orTa saxlTa aRiRes

kaTalikozoba mcxeTelTa mkYdrTa~.23

rogorc Cans, zemomoyvanili gvaZlevs uflebas iTqvas, rom eklesia iyo

mdidari miwismflobeli, romlis meTaurebsac erisTav-aznaurTa msgavsad

surdaT (da miaRwies kidec) mieRoT memkvidreobiTi Tanamdebobebi. gaafTrebuli

brZolebi centralur xelisuflebasa (mefesa) da centridanul Zalebs

(feodalebs) Soris, romelic mimdinareobda V saukunis manZilze, damTavr-

da centraluri xelisuflebis damarcxebiTa da mefobis mospobiT.

uTuod, zemoaRniSnuli iyo mizezi vaxtang gorgaslisa da miqael mTavar-

episkoposis SebrZolebisa da ara sarwmunoebrivi gansxvaveba. iv. javaxiS-

vili fiqrobda, rom vaxtang mefe monofiziti iyo, xolo miqaeli qalkedoni-

ti, ris gamoc konfliqtur urTierTdamokidebulebaSi imyofebodnen. es

swori ar unda iyos, vaxtang gorgasali monofiziti ar yofila. is iyo

qalkedoniti marTlmadidebeli, ise rogorc miqael mTavarepiskoposi. arc

sapirispiro azria swori _ miqaeli monofiziti ar yofila, aramed sam-

agaliTo qalkedoniti iyo.24 mefesa da mTavarepiskoposs Soris konfliqti

arsebobda swored zemoaRwerili winaaRmdegobis gamo centralur xelisu-

flebasa da aznaur erisTav-feodalebs Soris.

iqamde, naxevari saukuniT adre, V saukunis ormociani wlebis dasawyisSi

Sahma iezdigerd II-m (438-457) Tavis qveSevrdom qveynebs, maT Soris qarTl-

sac, ubrZana cxenosani jari gaegzavnaT Sua aziaSi, sadac iranelebi qu-

Sanebs ebrZodnen.

Sahis brZanebiT amierkavkasiaSi Catarda aRwera: gadamxdelTa kategori-

aSi iranelebma axla qristianuli eklesiac Seiyvanes. amjerad iranelebma

gadamwyveti brZola gamoucxades qristianul eklesiasac. amierkavkasiisa

da bizantiis religiis erTianoba miuRebeli iyo iranisTvis. Sahi Seecada

mazdeanoba gaevrcelebina. man somxeTSi gaagzavna brZaneba mazdeanobis

miRebis moTxovniT. somxebma uari SeuTvales. maSin Sahma qarTlis, somxeTi-

sa da albaneTis Tavkacebi saswrafod TavisTan daibara. V s-is somexi

istorikosis lazar farpecis sityviT, `qarTvelTa qveynidan (wavidnen)

bdeSxi arSuSa da qveynis sxva tanuterebi~.25 Casulebs Sahma kategoriulad

mosTxova mazdeanobis miReba. sxva gamosavali rom ar Canda, samive qveynis


Tavkacebma gadawyvites daTanxmebuliyvnen Sahis moTxovnas, magram samSob-

loSi dabrunebisTanave isev qristianoba mieRoT, razedac fici misces

erTmaneTs... rogorc etyoba, Sahs eWvi Sehparvia maT gulwrfelobaSi. qarT-

lis pitiaxSi arSuSa da somxeTis marzpanis vasak siunis ori vaJi mas

TavisTan dautovebia. amierkavkasiel didebulebs iranelebma Tan gamoay-

oles mogvebi, romelTac unda daexuraT eklesiebi, aRmoefxvraT qristiano-

ba. mxolod somxebs 700-ze meti mogvi mihyveboda. somxeTSi mogvebis mo-

qmedebam `gamoiwvia saerTo-saxalxo ajanyeba iranelebis winaaRmdeg (450

w.). male ajanyeba moedo albaneTsac. 451 wels iranelebma SeZles misi

CaxSoba... iranelebi mainc iZulebuli gaxdnen ajanyebulTa winaSe rig

daTmobebze wasuliyvnen... iranelebma uari Tqves amierkavkasiis xalxTa

asimilaciis politikaze, aRadgines sarwmunoebrivi Tavisufleba, Seamsubu-

qes samxedro begara da gadasaxadebi... miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTls ajan-

yebaSi monawileoba ar miuRia, ajanyebas gavlena unda moexdina iranis

politikaze qarTlis mimarTac~.26

uTuod amis Sedegi iyo, rom qarTvelebma amis Semdeg gabedes da qarTuli

eklesiis meTaurad saberZneTidan Camoiyvanes mRvdeli da is mTavarepisko-

posad dasves. vaxtang gorgaslis dedam sagduxtma ̀ moiyvana mRdeli WeSmariti

saberZneTiT, saxeliT miqael da daadgina igi episkoposad zemosa eklesiasa~.27

451 wlis ajanyebamde (romlis Semdegac sparseTi eklesiebisa da qrist-

ianobis mimarT damTmobi gaxda) SeuZlebeli iyo saberZneTidan mowveul

proberZnuli orientaciis pirs eklesia emarTa. marTlac, 436-448 wlebSi

qarTul eklesias marTavda proiraneli, sparsofili mobidani, romelsac

Cveni mematiane `naTesaviT sparss~ uwodebs. `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ Tanax-

mad ki, vaxtang gorgaslis mamis, mirdatis dros, V saukunis 40-ian wlebSi,

qarTuli eklesiis meTauri iyo sparsofili, sparsTa mier qarTl-albaneTis

erisTavad daniSnuli glonoqori.

somxeT-albaneTis ajanyebis Semdeg sparseTma eklesiis mimarT politika

Searbila. aman ki SesaZlebeli gaxada proberZnuli orientaciis miqaeli

daeyenebinaT qarTuli eklesiis saTaveSi.

463 wels iranelebma daamarcxes albanelebi da mefoba gaauqmes alba-

neTSi. iranis Sahis perozis (459-484) dros irans omi hqonda Sua aziaSi. aq

perozi damarcxda da tyved Cavarda. gaTavisufleba man SeZlo uzarmazari

gamosasyidis gadaxdiT. 60-iani wlebis Sua xanebSi kavkasionis qedi gadmo-

laxes hunebma, daarbies qarTli da somxeTi. juanSeri maT osebs uwodebs,

romelTac moaoxres qarTli da moitaces vaxtang mefis da miranduxti.

vaxtangs mdgomareoba garTulebuli hqonda qveynis SigniT, iranelTa gamTiS-

veli politikis wyalobiT zogierTi umaRlesi didebuli srulebiT ar

epueboda mefes,28 magaliTad, varsqen pitiaxSi. iranelebi xels uwyobdnen

brZolas TviT samefo saxlSic. samefo saxlis ori Sto _ baqarisa da


revis STamomavlebi erTmaneTs ebrZodnen. vaxtangi baqar mirianis Zis Stos

ekuTvnoda. vaxtangs mniSvnelovani opozicia hyolia eklesiaSi. `...am peri-

odSi mravldeba sxvadasxva religiuri mimdinareoba da seqta. brZola maT

Soris Seurigebeli iyo. gabatonebuli iyvnen diofizitebi, romelTa mTavar

mowinaaRmdeged monofizitebi gamodiodnen. qarTlSi gavrceleba miuRia

nestorianobasac, romelsac am periodSi mxars uWerdnen iranelebi~.29

s. janaSia wers: _ `raki qristianobis mospoba da mazdeanobis sayo-

velTaod gavrceleba sparselebma ver moaxerxes, maT politika gamocvales.

am dros qristianebi sxvadasxva mimarTulebad iyvnen dayofilni, romelnic

erTmaneTs ebrZodnen. es brZola sazogadoebrivsa da erovnul niadagze

iyo warmomdgari, magram garegnulad igi sarwmunoebrivi sakiTxebis garSemo

warmoebda. sabolood romis saxelmwifoSi diofizitobam gaimarjva. di-

ofizitobas mxars uWerda romis mTavroba.

am garemoebas CaebRauWa axla sparseTis mTavroba, romelsac undoda

esargebla qristianebis Sinauri SfoTiTa da brZoliT Tavisi sakuTari

interesebisaTvis. axla sparseTis mTavroba mxars uWerda iseT qristianobas,

romelsac ebrZoda sparseTis mteri _ romis mTavroba. Tu qristianobis

daTmoba ar gsurT, maSin iseTi qristianoba mainc unda miiRoT, romelic

romis mefis sarwmunoebisagan gansxvavdebao _ ase moiTxovda axla sparse-

Tis Sahi Tavisi qristiani qveSevrdomebisagan... am xerxiT sparselebma

Tavis mxareze gadaiyvanes umaRlesi samRvdeloeba da didi aznaurebi

somxeTSi, qarTlsa da albaneTSi. episkoposebad am dros ukve warCineb-

ulebs, aznaurebs vxedavT. am episkoposebs axla Tavisi mefe iseve moZule-

buli hyavdaT, rogorc mTavrebsa da sxva did aznaurebs.30 juanSeris mixed-

viT, iranelebs vaxtangi wauyvaniaT saomrad Sua aziaSi da indoeTSi, `vax-

tangis sparseTidan dabruneba SeiZleba daidos 60-iani wlebis bolosaTvis...

Cans, swored am droidan iwyeba vaxtangis ZiriTadi saqmianoba, romlis mTa-

vari xazebi iyo brZola saxelmwifos centralizaciisa da qveynis damoukide-

blobisaTvis. es xazebi mWidrod iyo gadaxlarTuli erTmaneTTan, radgan

centraluri Zalebi Tavis brZolaSi mniSvnelovan wilad iyenebdnen iranelebs,

romelnic Tavis mxriv eyrdnobodnen am Zalebs. Tavisi saqmianoba vaxtangma,

da savsebiT gonivruladac, daiwyo brZoliT qveynis Sinagani simtkicis Seqm-

nisaTvis. pirveli ieriSi man miitana eklesiaze, romlis reorganizaciac

dausaxavs miznad~.31

iv. javaxiSvili wers: ̀ is garemoeba, rom dakrulva da eklesiidan gaZeve-

ba anu, albaT, gankveTa mefis garda spasac ewia, ueWvelia, imis momaswavebeli

unda iyos, rom uTanxmoeba maSin marto mefis moqmedebis gamo ki ar unda

iyos Camovardnili, aramed spas, e. i. maRal samxedro wres da raindobasac

edeboda brali. maSasadame, vaxtang gorgasalis gegma da moqmedeba marto

misi piradi ganzraxva ar unda yofiliyo, aramed, rogorc etyoba, am mowin-

ave samxedro wrisac.


amgvarad irkveva, rom kaTalikosebis dawesebasa da axal episkoposTa

daniSvnasTan dakavSirebul uTanxmobaSi or mopirdapire banakTan unda

gvqondes saqme. erTi mxriT, yofila vaxtangi, `spa~ da petre da samuel

episkopozebi danarCeni 12 saepiskopozo piriTurT, meore mxriT, miqael

mTavarepiskopozi Tavisi TanamoazreebiTurT.32

`erTi ki cxadia, amdeni episkoposis erTad kurTxeva aSkarad migviTiTebs

imaze, rom vaxtangi qarTlis eklesiis raRac did reorganizacias isaxavda

miznad. amasTan, rogorc irkveva, es reorganizacia ufro politikuri xasi-

aTisa unda yofiliyo, vidre saeklesio.

kaTalikosobis dawesebiT, samefo xelisufleba, ueWvelia, met gavlenas

iZenda mRvdelmTavarze, romlis arCevaSi mefes meti xma eZleoda. da bo-

los, vaxtangma moicila mTavarepiskoposi, romelic, etyoba, mis mowinaaRmde-

geTa banaks ekuTvnoda. axlad daniSnuli episkoposebis simravle (Tormeti

episkoposi) gviCvenebs, rom vaxtangma, erTi mxriv, Secvala zogi episkoposi,

cxadia, miqaelis momxre da meore mxriv, daawesa axali saepiskoposoebi.

yuradRebas iqcevs is garemoeba, rom axalxeldasxmul episkoposTagan xuTi

kaxeT-hereT-kuxeTSi unda mjdariyo. rogorc irkveva, vaxtangi gansakuTre-

biT yuradRebas aqcevda Tavisi domenis, kaxeT-kuxeT-hereTis ganmtkicebas,

radgan savsebiT gasagebi mizeziT, mas surda sruli baton-patroni gamx-

dariyo Tavis ZiriTad dasayrden miwa-wyalze~.33

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa n. janaSias azri imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTul

eklesiaSi kaTalikosobis dawesebamde yofila ara erTaderTi saepiskoposo,

rogorc amJamad fiqrobs zogierTi istorikosi, aramed mravali saepisko-

poso da ukve arsebuli saepiskoposos zogierTi meTauri vaxtangs Seucv-

lia kaTalikosobis dawesebis dros. vaxtangma Secvala misi politikis

mowinaaRmdege episkoposebi. ̀ amave mizniT iqneboda axali episkoposi daniS-

nuli rusTavSi. unda vifiqroT, rom man Secvala Zveli, vaxtangis mowinaaRm-

dege mRvdelmTavari. marTlac, aq Cven saqme unda gvqondes swored episko-

posis SecvlasTan da ara saepiskoposos daarsebasTan. SeuZlebelia, aseT

did saerisTavo centrSi, samefo sagvareulos erT-erTi Stos rezidenciaSi,

rusTavSi, manamde episkoposi ar mjdariyo. am dros qarTlSi sul ocamde

saepiskoposo yofila: mcxeTis, samTavisis, ruisis, niqozis, wilknis, Tbilisis,

manglisis, bolnisis, curtavis, Weremis, rusTavis, ninowmindis, xornabujis,

bodbis, CelTis, awyveris, wundis, axizis, eruSeTis da sxva~.34

maSasadame, jer kidev kaTalikosobis dawesebamde, qarTul eklesiaSi

mravali saepiskoposo yofila. am Tvalsazrisis gamoTqmisas n. janaSia

eyrdnoboda iv. javaxiSvilis, s. janaSias, s. kakabaZis, k. kekeliZis, z. aleqs-

iZis Sromebs.35

`kaTalikosobis dawesebis TariRis Sesaxeb unda iTqvas, rom 472 wels

`SuSanikis wamebaSi~ jer kidev ixsenieba episkoposTa Tavi, magram ukve 506


wlis saeklesio krebis sabuTebSi qarTlis mRvdelmTavars kaTalikosi

ewodeba. wyaroebis erTmxrivi mowmobiT kaTalikosobis daweseba uSualod

mohyolia vaxtangis dabrunebas iranidan. amitom safiqrebelia, rom es unda

momxdariyo V saukunis 70-ian wlebSi~.36 kaTalikosobis dawesebiT vaxtang-

ma eklesia daumorCila saxelmwifos. 482 wels vaxtangma omi daiwyo sp-

arselebis winaaRmdeg. 484 wels vaxtangma varsqeni moakvlevina da amiT

Tavidan moiSora sparselebis momxre aznaurTa meTauri. manamde ki vaxta-

ngma aaSena axali qalaqebi, cixe-simagreebi, gaamagra isini. xelT igdo

kavkasionis gadasasvlelebi da gaamagra. kavkasiis gadaRma mcxovreb hunebTan

gamarTa molaparakeba da pirobac miiRo maTgan, rom sparselebTan omis

dros jars miaSvelebdnen. `am ambavis gagonebaze somxebs gauxardaT da

imedi moecaT, qarTvelebi da Cven erTad sparselebs rogorme vZlevTo.

magram erTma somexma naxararma Tavisi TanamoZmeebi daabezRa da sparseTis

marzpans maTi moqmedebis gegma Seatyobina. amis Semdeg sparselebi mzade-

bas Seudgnen~.37

iranelebma ori didi laSqari gamoagzavnes. qarTvelebs hunebis maSve-

li jari ar mouvidaT, aseve somxebic. vahan mamikonianis sityviT `...somxebs

Soris ar iyo erTianoba da mosalodneli iyo Ralati~,38 rogorc Semdgom-

Si aRmoCnda, vahanis SiSi ar iyo moklebuli realur safuZvels.39

`...moRalateebma Tavisi danapirebi Seasrules, miatoves brZolis veli,

arev-dareva Seitanes mebrZolTa rigebSi da bolos, mTeli laSqari Sedrka

da gaiqca. iranelebi daedevnen gaqceulebs, bevri daxoces, bevric tyved

Caigdes, magram Tavisi gamarjveba mainc ver miiyvanes bolomde...~40

iranelTa sardals mouvida brZaneba, `qarTlis mefe vaxtangi an Seepyra,

an moekla, anda qveynidan ganedevna~.41 iranelTa sardali Sevida qarTlSi,

sadac Sekriba adgilobrivi didebulebi, romlebic Tavidanve mxars ar

uWerdnen vaxtangs, maT SeuerTdnen isinic, vinc gorgasals SemdgomSi ga-

nudgnen... vaxtangma Tavi Seafara egriss.

am dros iranidan movida perozisa da iranelTa jaris daRupvis ambavi...

iranelebi uaRresad mZime viTarebaSi aRmoCndnen, aman aiZula isini mTel

rig mniSvnelovan daTmobaze wasuliyvnen... ajanyebul somexTa moTxovniT,

iranelebma piroba dades SeewyvitaT qristianobis devna, ar daerRviaT

adgilobrivi tradiciebi... 485 wels ajanyebulTa meTauri vahan mamikoniani

somxeTis marzpanad daniSnes. iranelebi albanelebis mimarTac wasulan

daTmobaze, kerZod, iq mefoba aRudgeniaT~.42 sparseTma Sewyvita qristianTa

devna mTel amierkavkasiaSi. qarTvel mefeTa taxti ganmtkicda. Tundac is,

rom albaneTSic ki, sadac mefoba gauqmebuli iyo, mefoba aRdga, miuTiTebs

qarTuli samefo taxtis ganmtkicebas.

es iyo vaxtang gorgaslis gamarjveba. vaxtangi, cxadia, amis Semdeg Seebr-

Zoleboda Sinaur mtrebs da gaimarjvebda maTzec. mas `spa~ edga mxarSi.


vaxtangma SeZlo reformebis Catareba eklesiaSi. Secvala da daniSna

axali episkoposebi, magram yvelaze mniSvnelovani, albaT isaa, rom vaxtangma

SeZlo saqarTvelos gaerTianeba.

d. musxeliSvili wers:

`gorgaslis epoqis Tanadrouli bizantiuri da somxuri wyaroebis anal-

izis safuZvelze Cven SevecadeT dagvesabuTebina, rom leonti mrovelis

mowmoba Seesabameba sinamdviles da rom qarTlis mefem vaxtang gorgasal-

ma namdvilad gaaerTiana dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo V sauku-

nis 60-70-ian wlebSi da egrisis yofili mmarTveli Tavis erisTavad gaxa-

da... Cven ar gamovricxavT SesaZleblobas msgavsi politikuri situaciis

arsebobisa farnavazis dros~.43

vaxtangis dros SesaZlebeli gaxda qarTvelebs daubrkoleblad eRiare-

binaT qristianoba (sparselTagan amis gamo SiSi aRar hqondaT) da saqarTve-

los daubrunda mterTagan mitacebuli nawilebi. es, cxadia, vaxtangs xalx-

is usayvarles gmirad xdida.

`saerTod, mermindel qarTvel istorikosebs vaxtang gorgaslis mTeli

cxovreba-moRvaweoba umTavresad aseTi sarwmunoebisa da qristianobisaTvis

warmoebul brZolad aqvT dasuraTebuli. TviT vaxtang gorgaslis sikvdilsac

ki juanSeri qristianobisaTvis wamebad sTvlida. misi sityviT, qarTveli

`morwmune eri hnatrida mefesa, rameTu qristesTvis moiklao~.44 `arseni

kaTalikozis sityviT, mefe vaxtangi maRali tanis kaci yofila. mefis samxedro

iaraRi da samoseli, Turme, arsenis drosac ki inaxeboda. igi ambobs: vax-

tang mefe iyo `hasakiTa umetes yovelTa kacTa, rameTu aTormeti brWali

kacisa iyo simaRle misi da awca romel ars abjari da samoseli misi,

misgan ufros sacnaur ars~ mefis goliaTuri simaRleo~.45

vaxtangi gardaicvala 502-506 wlebSi. s. gorgaZe vaxtangis gardacvalebas

503 welze debda, misive Tanaxmad, vaxtangi unda dabadebuliyo 443 wels. iv.

javaxiSvili vaxtangis gardacvalebas 502 wlis SemdgomiT aTariRebda.46

vaxtang gorgaslis cxovreba 47

mefe mirdatis datyvevebis Semdeg, sparselebma daipyres saqarTvelo,

Sebilwes eklesiebi. qarTvelebma damales jvrebi da yovel eklesiaSi

cecxlismsaxurma sparselebma aRagznes cecxli.

qarTvel mefeTa ojaxi kaxeTis xevSi darCa. sami wlis Semdeg aRmosav-

leTidan mtris Semosevis gamo sparsTa mefem saqarTvelosaTvis ver moica-

la. maSin SeiTqvnen aznaurebi, dasves mcxeTaSi mefed mefe Trdatis Ze

arCili, romelic mefe mirdatis Zmiswuli iyo. arCilma moiyvana coli

saberZneTidan. man ganacxada sparsTa mtroba. gamoaCina jvrebi da mokazma

eklesiebi. mosres da ganasxes cecxlmsaxurni saqarTvelos sazRvrebidan.

mefes mouvida maSveli Zala saberZneTidan da jvris warZRvanebiT daiwyo


sparsTa winaaRmdeg brZola. sparsTa mefis

erisTavma, romelic erisTavobda ransa, mo-

vakansa da qarTlSi arCilis gamefebamde,

Sekriba spa ranisa, movakanisa, adarbadagan-

isa da gaemarTa arCilis winaaRmdeg. arCil

mefe dauxvda ranisa da qarTlis sazRvarze

– mdinare berdrujze. patiosani jvris Za-

liT daamarcxa, daxoca da daatyveva mteri,

Sevida ranSi da movida qarTlSi gamarjve-

buli. ganavlina qadagi sruliad saqarTvelo-

Si. auwya yvelas ̀ ara Cveni ZaliT, arc simx-

niT, arc sibrZniT, arc spis simravliT vZlieT

mters, aramed Cveni uflis, RvTis Zis, ieso

qristes ZaliT, romelmac mogvca winamZRvrad

da saWurvelad jvari misi patiosani. axla

yovelma qarTvelma adideT sameba erTarse-

ba, RmerTi dausabamo, yovlis dambadebeli.

SewireT madloba da mtkice iyos Tqveni guli

wmida samebis sarwmunoebaze~. da yovelTa

qarTvelTa Seswires madloba RmrTis mima-

rT da ganaaxles eklesiebi. arCil mefem

aaSena mcxeTaSi stefanwmidis eklesia, aragvis

karze.

arCils hyavda Ze, romelsac uwoda mirdati. morwmune da RvTismsaxuri,

mamis msgavsad. umetesad ebrZoda sparselebs, Sedioda da aoxrebda ransa

da movakans, radganac im dros sparsTa mefe ebrZoda indoelebs, sindebsa

da abaSebs da ar SeeZlo didi spis saqarTveloSi gamogzavna, xolo ranis,

movakanisa da adarbadaganis spas qarTvelebi amarcxebdnen, Sediodnen da

ipyrobdnen ransa da movakans.

im dros ranis erisTavi iyo barzabodi, is winaaRmdegobas ver uwevda

qarTvelebs da amagrebda cixe-qalaqebs, xolo ranSi Sesuli qarTvelebi

SebrZolebisas mis laSqars mudam amarcxebdnen.

barzabods hyavda asuli qmnulkeTili da mSvenieri, romelsac erqva

sagduxti. es qali Seuyvarda mirdats da qalis siyvarulisTvis ineba

mSvidobis Camogdeba ransa da qarTls Soris. mirdats SerTes sagduxti,

isini samSvildis saerisTavoSi cxovrobdnen arCilis mefobis dros. am

sagduxt dedofalma gamoikiTxa qristes rjuli. misma qmarma mohgvara

sjulis mcodne kacebi, uTargmnes sagduxts Cveni uflis, ieso qristes

saxareba da auwyes mas, rom WeSmariti RmerTi aris qriste, romelic Cveni

xsnisaTvis gankacda.


sagduxt dedofalma gulisxma-hyo da icno WeSmariti rjuli, datova cecx-

lismsaxureba, moinaTla da Seiqna morwmune da aRaSena samSvildis sioni.

arCilis dros gardaicvala sami episkoposi: iona, grigoli da basili.

basilis Semdgom arCilma dasva episkoposi, romelsac erqva mobidani. is

iyo `naTesaviT~ sparseli, aCvenebda marTlmadideblobas, sinamdvileSi ki

iyo urjulo mogvi da SemSleli wesTa. ver igrZno arCil mefem misi

urjuloeba. mobidanic ar acxadebda Tavis rjuls, aramed farulad werda

sacdur wignebs, romelnic Semdgom dawva WeSmaritma episkoposma miqaelma,

romelic ganikveTa vaxtang mefis mimarT kadnieri qcevisTvis.

arCilis Semdeg gamefda misi Ze mirdati. dedofalma sagduxtma Sva

asuli, uwodes saxeli xuaranZe. oTxi wlis Semdeg Sva Ze da uwoda mas

saxeli sparsulad varan-xuasro-Tang, xolo qarTulad vaxtang. vaxtangi

aRsazrdelad moiTxova didi vedrebiT spaspetma saurmagma, misca mas mefem,

rameTu wesi iyo, rom mefeTa Svilebi warCinebulTa ojaxebSi unda aRzrdil-

iyvnen. meeqvse wels sagduxtma Sva asuli, romelsac miranduxti uwodes.

mas kaspis spasalari zrdida qalaq kaspSi. amis Semdeg meore wels mokvda

mirdat mefe da darCa vaxtang Svidi wlis yrma.

sagduxt dedofals SeeSinda, rom mamamis barzabods Suri ar eZia Tavisi

qveynis mooxrebisTvis, qarTlSi ar SemoWriliyo da ar warewymida qristes

rjuli. wavida bardavSi, Seevedra mamamiss, muxlmodrekilma, Tavmoxdilma

da ZuZuebamoyrilma cremliT iTxova Sewyaleba. evedreboda ar exsenebina

namoqmedari qmrisa da mamamTilisa, Seendo rjulis datoveba, ar aeZulebina

qristes rjulis datoveba, rameTu igi aris WeSmariti RmerTi, da evedrebo-

da, raTa misi Svili Tavis mamulSi daetovebina da misi mouravi yofiliyo

sparsTa mefis winaSe.

maSin barzabodma, gamzadebulma qarTvelTa borotis yofisTvis, Seiwyala

Tavisi asuli, aRasrula yoveli misi Txovna, xolo rjulisTvis ase Tqva:

`iZulebiT arc erT qarTvels qristes rjuls ar davagdebineb, magram gav-

agzavni Tqvens qalaqebSi cecxlis msaxurebs da iyvnen iq Cveni rjulis

episkoposebi, romeli qarTvelic Tavisi nebiT airCevs Cvens rjuls, mas nu

daabrkolebT~.

sagduxt dedofali SiSis gamo daeTanxma. maSin barzabodma mcxeTaSi

gamogzavna cecxlismsaxurebi da maTi episkoposi binqarani. isini dasxdnen

mogvTas. barzabodis sikvdilis Semdeg, mis nacvlad sparsTa mefem daadgi-

na varaz-bakuri, Zma sagduxt dedoflisa. mefem gardacvlili spaspetis,

saurmagis nacvlad daadgina sxva spaspeti, romelsac erqva juanSeri.

binqaran, cecxlis msaxurTa episkoposi, qarTvelebs aswavlida Tavis rjuls.

man warCinebulTagani veravin Seacdina, magram wvrili eridan mravali

miaqcia cecxlismsaxurebaze. da Seeria qarTlis wvril ers cecxlmsaxure-

ba. amisaTvis mwuxare iyo sagduxt dedofali. magram sparsTa mZlavrobis


gamo verafers bedavda. maSin moiyvana saberZneTidan WeSmariti mRvdeli,

saxelad miqaeli da daadgina igi zemo eklesiis episkoposad. rameTu

mobidan episkoposi gardacvlili iyo. es miqael episkoposi winaRudga

binqaran macdurs da yovel qarTvels aswavlida WeSmarit rjuls. aman

Tavis rjulze daayena yoveli warCinebuli qarTveli da eris umravleso-

bac. magram wvrili eris mcire nawili cecxlmsaxurebaze miiqca. maSin,

roca vaxtangi aTi wlis gaxda, gadmovida osebis uricxvi spa.48 maT mo-

tyvevnes qarTli mtkvris Tavidan xunanamde, magram cixe-qalaqebi ver aiRes,

kaspis garda. qalaqi kaspi Semusres da sami wlis miranduxti, vaxtangis da

waiyvanes. am dros darCaT warutyvevnelad xevni qarTlisani: kaxeTi, klar-

jeTi da egrisi. Cavles rani da movakani, isic wartyvevnes da darubandis

kariT dabrundnen oseTSi.

im dros Semovidnen berZnebi afxazeTidan, rameTu berZnebs eWiraT egrisw-

ylis qvemo qveyana da daipyres berZnebma egriswylidan vidre cixe-gojamde.

maSin Seiqna glova da wuxili yovelTa qarTvelTa da ityodnen: `ganvam-

ravleT codva RvTis mimarT da ara keTilad vipyariT sjuli qristesi da

wesi iovanes mcnebisa. samarTlianad moawia RmerTma es risxva Cvenze,

rameTu migvca Cven warsatyvevnelad ucxo ers da Cveni sazRvari miitaces

berZnebma, ise, rogorc mefe varaz-baqaris dros klarjeTi. is varaz-baqaris

codviT moiwia, rameTu keTilad ver ipyra qristes rjuli. xolo es ara

Cveni mefeebis codvisagan iqmna, aramed eris codvisagan, axla Cveni mefe

yrma aris da ara gvyavs winamZRvari, romelic qristes sasoebiT da jvris

winamZRolobiT wargviZRveboda win. magram unda viZioT Cven Suri pirve-

lad osebze da Semdgom unda moviZioT berZenTagan mitacebuli qarTlis

sazRvari~.49 amas ambobda yoveli qarTveli da iyvnen did mwuxarebaSi.

vaxtangi izrdeboda da swavlobda miqael episkoposisgan uflis yovel

mcnebas. siyrmidanve Seiyvara qristes rjuli, qarTlis yovel mefeze ufro

metad. magram wuxda imis gamo, rom qarTli datyvevebuli iyo cecxlmsax-

urebis mier, xolo qarTlis sazRvrebi ki mitacebuli. magram sparsTa

mZlavrobis gamo ver acxadebda.

roca vaxtangi TxuTmeti wlis gaxda, mouxmo qarTlis yvela warCinebuls.

yvelani Semoikribnen qalaqSi. mefem gaamzada erTi saxli da dajda maRal

saydarze (e.i. taxtze), spaspeti juanSeri da orive episkoposi agreTve

saydrebze dasxdnen, xolo sxva yoveli erisTavi selebze dasxdnen. aTasis-

Tavebi, asisTavebi da eri fexze idga.

mefem, viTarca moxucebulma da brZenma, da rogorc filosofosTa Soris

aRzrdilma, warmoTqva sityva. mouwoda osebze SurisZiebisken. es rom sparsTa

da berZenTa mefeTagan mogvsvloda, moviTmendiT, magram imis moTmena, rac

Cven mogvawies osebma, ar SeiZleba, sikvdili sjobs CvenTvisao.


juanSer spaspetma grZeli sityviT mimarTa mefes da uTxra, Tumca si-

brZniT, ZaliT, simxniT da agebulebiT srulyofili xar, magram mxedro-

bisTvis arasrulwlovani xar. gamoarCie erTi vinme CvenTagani spis winamZRvrad,

xolo Sen iyav Sin da ganage mefoba, Sen rom omis dros iZlio, qveyana

warwymdeba, radganac qveyanaze Seni nacvali sxva aravin ariso.

vaxtang mefe ar daeTanxma da TviTve ineba jaris winamZRvroba. Semoikriba

saqarTvelos spa — asi aTasi mxedari da samoci aTasi qveiTi. gamogzavna

agreTve varazbakurma Tavisi spa — Tormeti aTasi mxedari. SeuerTdnen mas

kavkasieli mefeebi ormocdaaTi aTasi mxedriT, da waremarTa RvTis saxeliT,

ganvlo darialanis kari da, roca Sevida oseTSi, iyo Teqvsmeti wlis.

oseTis mefeebma Sekribes TavianTi spa, miiRes agreTve xazareTidan Zale-

bi da daxvdnen vaxtangs mdinareze, romelic darialans gaivlis da Cadis

oseTis velze. am mdinaresac aragvi (Tergi) hqvia, rameTu erTi mTidan

gamodis orive: qarTlis aragvi da oseTis aragvi. orive jarma mdinaris aqeT

da iqiT daibanaka. pirvel Svid dRes mdinareze erTmaneTs bumberazebi ebrZodnen.

ibrZoda erTi xazari goliaTi, saxelad Tarxani. man qarTveli saxelganTqmu-

li mebrZoli daamarcxa, romlis msgavsi jarSi aravin iyo. meore dRes TviT

vaxtangi gavida mis winaaRmdeg. Tarxanma uTxra, me goliaTebs da gamocdil

gmirebs vebrZvi da ara ymawvilebs, magram SenTvis Tavs davimdablebo. mokla

is vaxtangma oroliT. meore dRes gamovida sabrZolvelad bayaTar osi. gamov-

lo man mdinare da isrebs esroda vaxtangs. magram vaxtangi Tavisi gonebis

simaxviliT, Tvalis sificxiTa da taiWis sikiskasiT iridebda isrebs, rameTu

Soridanve xedavda momaval isars, xldeboda da simarjviT mieaxleboda. amier

da imier spaTagan iyo cema bukebisa da dafdafebisa. iZroda xmisagan mTa da

borcvi. mohkla xmliT vaxtangma bayaTari.

qarTvelTa jari gaemzada saomrad: win dadgnen cxen-Torosani da jaWv-

Cabalaxosani meomrebi. maT ukan qveiTni, xolo qveiTTa ukan mxedrebi.

Zlieri brZolis Semdeg osebi iZlivnen da gaiqcnen. mravali daatyveves.

daimorCila vaxtangma osebi da yivCaRebi50 da Seqmna karni oseTisani,

romelsac Cven darialisad vuwodebT, aRaSena masze maRalni godolni. da

maxlobeli mTielebi mcvelebad daudgina. yivCaRebs da osebs iq gadmosvla

aRar SeuZliaT qarTvelTa mefis brZanebis gareSe.

vaxtangi Sevida paWanikeTSi, rameTu maSin paWanikeTi oseTs esazRvreboda

da iqve iyo jiqeTi. mravali drois Semdeg paWanikebi da jiqebi Turqebma am

adgilebidan gandevnes. paWanikebi dasavleTiT wavidnen, xolo jiqebi

damkvidrdnen afxazeTis bolos. vaxtangma gamoixsna Tavisi da miranduxti

tyveobisagan da gamogzavna is saqarTveloSi darialis gziT, xolo TviTon

qarTvelTa didi spiT wavida afxazeTSi. im dros berZenTa mefe moucleli

iyo sparselebTan brZolis gamo, amitomac ar SeeZlo vaxtangis winaaRmdeg

afxazeTSi Tavisi spis gamogzavna. vaxtangma aiRo afxazeTis yvela cixe sam

weliwadSi, vidre cixe-gojamde.51


vaxtangi dabrunda sameufo qalaq mcxeTaSi. qalaqis mosaxleoba, qalebi

da kacebi, fexqveS ufendnen naWrebsa da samosels, Tavze ayridnen dramasa

da drahkans, aRuwevneli xmiT Seasxamdnen qebas, rameTu arc erT mefes

aseTi Zlieri wyoba-SebrZolebis xelovneba ar hqonia.

gaugzavna vaxtangma sparsTa mefes Zvirfasi ZRveni binqaran episkoposis

xeliT da iTxova sparsTa mefisagan asuli colad, romelsac erqva balen-

duxti. sparsTa mefem misca Tavisi asuli da mziTvad somxeTi da yoveli

kavkasieli mefe. miswera wigni vaxtangs da mouxmo berZenTa keisris winaaRmdeg

sabrZolvelad.

Sekriba vaxtangma Tavisi da kavkasieli mefeebis spa — orasi aTasi kaci.

SeuerTda mas ranis erisTavi, misi dedis Zma varaz-bakuri ardabadaganis,

ranisa da movakanis orasi aTasi mxedriT.

im dros vaxtangi iyo ocdaori wlis, yvela kacze maRali, saxiT umSve-

nieresi, ZaliT Zlieri, iseTi, rom aRWurvili, fexiT irems eweoda da rqiT

iWerda da agreTve SeWurvil cxens mxrebiT aiRebda da mcxeTidan armazis

cixeSi adioda.

vaxtangi da misi debi iyvnen STamomavlebi baqar mirianis Zisa. xolo

miriani da grigoli iyvnen rev mirianis Zis STamomavlebi. maT kuxeTi

hqondaT da rusTav-qalaqSi cxovrobdnen, magram Semcirebulni iyvnen erTma-

neTis kvliT.

mirian mefidan vaxtang mefemde gardasuli iyo Taoba rva, xolo mefeni

aTni. gasuli iyo 157 weliwadi, xolo episkoposi WeSmarit wesze mdgomi

gardacvlili iyo rva, xolo sxvebi wesis SemSlelebi iyvnen.

vaxtangi gaemarTa saberZneTisken. Sevida somxeTSi, mas aq SeuerTdnen somx-

eTis erisTavebi. cixe-qalaqi, romelsac karnu qalaqi ewodeba, ver aiRes, rad-

ganac sami maRali zRude hqonda. datova iq sabrZolvelad mxedroba da

TviTon Sevida pontoSi. gzaze sami qalaqi moaoxra: anZoreTi, ekeleci da

steri. Semoadga laSqari pontos zRvispireTis did qalaqs da laSqarma

TiTqmis konstantines qalaqamde miaRwia. sparselebi eklesiis msaxurebs hklavd-

nen. vaxtang mefem amcno somxebis spas, agreTve sparselebs, ar moeklaT sam-

Rvdeloeba, aramed daetyvevebinaT. vaxtangma warmoTqva sityva da uTxra maT:

roca mirian mefe sparsT mefes Semohyva aq berZenTa winaaRmdeg saomrad, aseve

uyofdnen moweseebsa da eklesiis msaxurebs, amitomac damarcxdnen. im droidan

berZnebma Cven, qarTvelebs, wagvarTves miwebi pontos (Savi) zRvis aRmosavl-

eTiT, da erTmaneTs SeebrZolnen anZianZorSi, sadac amJamad aris saflavi didi

moZRvrisa grigolisa da aqedan ukuiqcnen Cveni mefeebio.

vaxtangma somxeTis spas Seaxsena TavianTi eklesiis istoria da yvelas

mouTxro Sinaarsi nebroTis im wignisa, romelic dafarulad hqondaT qarTvel

mefeebs. yvelas ubrZana, araferi evnoT eklesiebisa da RvTismsaxurebisa-

Tvis. vaxtangma amcno yvela damalul moweses (samRvdeloebs), gamosuliyvnen


samalavidan. tyveebi gaaTavisufla. gamovidnen mRvdlebi, diakvnebi da mow-

ese monazvnebi samalavebidan. maTTan iyo ori kaci: petre mRvdeli, grigol

RvTismetyvelis erT-erTi mowafe, romelic mis saflavze mRvdelobda da

samoel monazoni. isini warudgnen vaxtangs tyveTa da eklesiebis gan-

TavisuflebisaTvis madlobis Sesawirad. vaxtangma petre mRvdeli da samoel

monazoni TavisTan daitova. uTxra mas petrem: èklesiani xorcTani ufro

metia RvTis winaSe, vidre qvis eklesiebi. qvis eklesiebi rodesme dairRve-

vian da amave qvebiT kvlav aRaSeneben, xolo eklesiani xorcTani roca

dairRvevian, veravin SeZlebs maT gankurnebas, verc mkurnali da verc mefe,

da Sen ramdeni marTali kaci dagicia! me msurs Seni aRdgineba, raTa ar iyo

im kacTa msgavsi, romelnic marjveniT ageben, xolo marcxeniT arRveven da

arc iseTi, romelnic piriT akurTxeben da guliT swyevlian da agineben.

aramed iyo rogorc keTilxsenebuli mefeebi, romlebmac daipyres sofeli

da arc sasufevels ganSorebian. me mnebavs, raTa Sens mier aRgznebuli es

cecxli Senve daSrito da iyo megobari keisrisa, rogorc dRemde iyavi

sparselebisa. berZnebi arian naTesavni RmrTisani~.

miugo mefem: `mnebavs, rom am Rames Tqveni locvis ZaliT meCvenos Cemi

da keisris Sekreba da rom Cvens Soris siyvarulis damyarebaze unda iyos

msjeloba, raTa vcna me, rom qristes surs CemTan Seni amgvari laparaki~.

petrem iTxova dro locvisTvis da wavida.

mefem iloca da dawva. Tvalis mirulvisas warmoudga mas wmida nino da

uTxra: ̀ adeq, mefev, da mokrZalebiT win miegebe SenTan momaval or mefes —

zecisas da qveynisas~. mivida vaxtangi da ixila ori taxti: erTze ijda

Wabuki gvirgvinosani saWurvliT, meoreze moxucebuli mjdomare spetaki

zewriT, mas Tavze edga ara oqros, aramed naTlis gvirgvini da mis fexTiT

ijda nino. da vaxtangis marjvena xeli eWira petre mRvdels, xolo marcx-

ena samoels. uTxra samoelma: Tayvani eci pirvelad zecis did mTavars

grigols. mivida da Tayvani sca da uTxra grigolma: ès ra boroteba

Caidine, kaco, rameTu moaoxre Cemi banaki da mxecebs SeaWame Cemi sacxovari.

ukeTu ara eg orni, romelnic gverdiT gidganan da es saTno dedakaci,

romelic marad iRvwvis mariamTan erTad TqvenTvis _ Surs vigebdi Se-

nianebisgan, romelnic cecxls sasoeben da ara yovelTa ganmanaTlebel

brwyinvalebas~. da gauwoda xeli da eambora xelze vaxtangi. man mokida

xeli naTlis gvirgvins da iseTive gvirgvini misca vaxtangs da uTxra:

`daadgi eg petres~. da aiRo petrem Tavis gvirgvinze udaresi gvirgvini da

daadga samoel monazons.

uTxra ninom vaxtangs: àxla midi mefesTan da miiRe Seni saboZvari~.

mivida mefesTan, eambornen erTmaneTs da adgili misca taxtze Tavis gver-

diT. misca beWedi Tavisi xelidan, romelsac hqonda friad naTeli Tvali

da Tqva keisarma: `Tu gnebavs gvirgvini, aRuTqvi mas, vinc Cvens win dgas,


rom SeebrZolebi mis mtrebs, da miiRe misgan gvirgvini~. moixeda vaxtangma

da ixila jvari, romelsac frTebze hqonda gvirgvini, jvris xilvam SeaZr-

wuna da dadumda. aRdga wmida nino, gaixeda petresa da samoelisken da

erTxmad Tqves: ̀ Cven varT Tavsmdebi, rom yvelaze ufro metad Seasrulebs~,

da mihyo xeli keisarma, da aiRo gvirgvini jvarisagan da daadga vaxtangs.

ukan gamosvlisas Seexmiana episkoposi samgzis: ̀ vaxtang, vaxtang, vaxtang!

umetesad morwmune iqnebi Sen sparsTa Soris~. meored: `aSendebian Sengan

eklesiebi da ganewesebian episkoposebi da episkoposTa mTavari~. da mesa-

med: `wamebis gvirgvinsac miiReb~. gamovida vaxtangi da uxmo ZilSive

petresa da samoels, da mouTxrobda ZilSive Cvenebas, xolo isini uxsnid-

nen: `taxtze, romelic ixile, naTlis gvirgvinosani, aris didi moZRvari

grigoli da rac momeca misi gvirgvinisgan, is iyo, rom mimeca episkoposTa

mTavroba, xolo rac miveci Cveni gvirgvinisgan Cems moyvass, is aris, rom

Cemgan miecema episkoposoba. xolo oqros gvirgvinosani iyo keisari. beWedi,

romelic mogca, is aris, rom Tavis asuls mogcems colad da yoveli

sazRvari qarTlisa, misgan mitacebuli, mogces. xolo gvirgvini, romelic

jvarisgan mogeca, is aris, rom did Rvawls gadaixdi jvris SewevniT. xolo

Cveni moZRvari samgzis rom Segexmiana, sami simdidre moiTxova SenTvis

RmerTisgan: raTa Sens mier qarTlis WeSmariteba daemtkicos kaTalikose-

bisgan da episkoposebisgan, sZlev Sens mtrebs Sens aRsrulebamde, xolo

aRsrulebisas wamebis gvirgvins miiReb brZolisas da mtrebs xelSi ar

Cauvardebi. yovelive aRsruldeba Sens siberemde da dauZlurebamde~.

gaRviZebisas vaxtangma madloba Seswira RmerTs da mouxmo petresa da

samoels. maTac RamiT igive Cveneba naxes. petres uTxra: `aravin aris Cven

Soris WeSmariti morwmune, romelic danerga Cvenma mamam mirianma anda

Trdatma, dediT naTesavma Cemma. amaT yovelTa sarwmunoeba vici, romelic

savse aris sacduriT~.52 petre mociqulad gagzavna keisarTan. vaxtangma

meore dRes Seityo, rom sparseTidan dabrunebuli berZenTa spa konstanti-

nopolSi Sevida. man mouxmo meTaurebs da uTxra: `berZnebs mravalricxo-

vani spa hyavT, brZolisas marjveni arian, aseve zRvazedac. meSinia, ar

movidnen zRviT, gza ar mogviWran da ar amogvxocon, rogorc bakSi Semwyv-

deuli. avyaroT laSqari da zRvis samxreTiT davibanakoT, raTa gvqondes

gza Wirisa da lxinisa~. moxsnes qalaqis alya da daibanakes iqidan xuTi

dRis savalze, speris siaxloves. madloba Seswires vaxtangs sikvdils

miwevnilma qalaqebma. petre mivida keisarTan da mouTxro yovelive. kei-

sarma friad gaixara da yovelive, rac ixila vaxtangma CvenebaSi, misca.

petres piriT SeuTvala vaxtangs, rom misi mefobis Tanasworad CaTvlida.

xolo orTaves laSqari sparselebs daamarcxebda, roca vaxtangi da igi

(keisari) gaerTiandebodnen. keisarma zRviT gamoagzavna 500 xomaldi, 500-

500 jariskaciT. isini unda misuliyvnen vaxtangTan da ubrZolvelad unda


damdgariyvnen. TviTon keisari gamoemarTa pontos gziT 800 000 kaciT, da

roca movida zRviT mosuli spa, sparselebs undodaT maT winaaRmdeg brZo-

la, xolo vaxtang mefe aCerebda sparselebs da ar miuSva sabrZolvelad.

keisris mociqulebma vaxtangs saidumlod moarTves jvari, gvirgvini da

Sesamoseli. aRuTqva keisarma vaxtangs, rom ukanve miscemda Tuxariss da

qarTlis sazRvrebs. vaxtangma keisars amcno: `rac ar Svenis Sens RvTis-

moyvarebas, sxvas nu aiZuleb, rameTu Ralati patiosani kacis xeloba ar

aris. Tu axla Sen mogcem dasamarcxeblad sparselebs, Cemi saxeli xom

gacruvdeba? Semdgom ki, roca Cveni saqme gadawydeba, ufro umjobesad

mogemxrobi sparselTa winaaRmdeg~. vaxtangma keisars urCia, Tavi Seekavebi-

na SebrZolebisgan. berZnebis laSqari moiwevda, xolo vaxtangi aCerebda

Tavisianebs da uSlida berZnebTan SebrZolebas. miiWra masTan sparsTa

erisTavi, dedis Zma misi da uTxra vaxtangs risxviT: `mamaSenis deda

berZeni iyo, gZlia Sen misma bunebam da siyvaruli gaqvs im jvarcmuli

momkvdari kacisa. gnebavs, rom berZenTa xelSi Cagvyaro~. vaxtangma mas

uTxra: `aha, Sen da aha, berZnebi, ixilav Sen im momkvdari kacis Zalas~.

gavidnen sparselebi, somxebi da darubandis mefe berZnebTan sabrZolve-

lad. mefe vaxtangi da qarTvelebi ar ibrZodnen, idgnen da uyurebdnen.

damarcxdnen aRmosavlelebi, mokles omSi vaxtangis dedis Zma, sparsTa

erisTavi. amis Semdeg, keisris nebis gareSe, berZenTa spasalari SeebrZola

qarTvelebs. vaxtangma is pirispir SebrZolebisas mokla. omSi daiRupa

43 000 qarTveli, maT gaimarjves.

vaxtangma amis Semdeg gaaTavisufla datyvevebuli 780000 qali da kaci.

gaugzavna isini keisars da amiT nugeSini-sca berZeni spasalaris mokvli-

saTvis, romelic keisris naTesavi iyo. keisarma friad gaixara da Sexvda

vaxtangs. hyves urTierTaRTqma da fici, niSnobis saqme moagvares. ukumisca

keisarma vaxtangs qarTlis sazRvari cixe Tuxarisi da mTliani klarjeTi,53

gamoikiTxa keisarma saberZneTis sazRvari afxazeTSi da Tqva ase: ̀ egrisw-

ylidan vidre mcire xazareTis mdinaremde54 — es aris sazRvari saberZne-

Tisa aleqsandre makedonelis droidan, romelic Sen Cvengan waiRe Seni

mklavis ZaliT. axla ukanve mogveci es Cveni qveyana da, roca waiyvan Cems

asuls colad, maSin misgan mogcem amave qveyanas~. da mosca mziTvad Tavis

qaliSvils qveyana, moqceuli egriswyalsa da klisuras Soris, da sxva

afxazeTi ukanve misca vaxtangma berZnebs.55

da wamovida vaxtangi klarjeTis gziT, gaiara Tuxarisi, moewona da es

saxeli daarqva, Sua klarjeTSi, artanujSi daadgina erisTavi da ubrZana

cixis aSeneba. agreTve, ubrZana, gamoenaxa iq samonastro adgili da aeSene-

bina eklesia. artavaz erisTavma aaSena iq artanujis cixe. da iqve aaSenes

monasteri (artanujis xevSi), msgavsi maT mier saberZneTSi nanaxi monastre-

bisa. garda amisa, aaSena opizis monasteri da sami eklesia: daba merisa,

Sindobisa da axizisa, agreTve ganaaxla axizis cixe.


mcxeTaSi misul vaxtangs eri didi sixaruliT Sexvda. roca sparsTa

mefem cno, rom vaxtangi berZnebs miemxro, ukanve gabrunda sparseTSi da iq

mokvda. mefed misi Ze dajda da mis momwifebamde gavida sami weli.

vaxtangis colma Sva tyupebi, Ze da asuli. da mokvda mSobiarobis dros

balenduxt dedofali, sparsTa mefis asuli. vaxtangma uwoda Tavis Zes

daCi. maSin vaxtangma ver moicala saberZneTidan keisris asulis colad

moyvanisaTvis da verc kaTalikosis moyvanisaTvis, radganac moeloda sparsTa

SemoWras, amagrebda cixeebsa da qalaqebs. hkazmavda da amzadebda sa-

brZolvelad mxedrebs. maSin Seagdo sapyrobileSi binqaran macduri, cecx-

lis msaxurTa episkoposi, mospo da gayara cecxlismsaxurni sazRvargareT.

sami wlis Semdeg sparsTa mefe gamoemarTa vaxtang mefesTan sabrZolve-

lad. vaxtangma amcno berZenTa mefes: `aha, is dRe, romelic aRgiTqvi, rom

sparselebs Semovamwyvdevdi Sens xelSi. moviyvane isini qarTlis Sua sazR-

varze, maTTan aris 300 000 jariskaci. sparsTa mefe fiqrobda Tavisi spis

gamravlebas somxeTisa da kavkasiis mefeebisagan, magram maT ver gabedes

masTan SeerTeba, rameTu zogierT maTgans jvarcmulis sasoeba hqonda.

zogierTi ki eSmakma Seacdina (darubandeli mefeebi SeuerTdnen). me aRvas-

rule Cemi aRTqma, romelic aRmiTqvams: rameTu, sadac ki vipove cecxlis

saxli, davavse fsliT, maTi mogvebi da mzirebi satanjvels miveci. macduri

binqaran Sevagde sapyrobileSi da sikvdilis SiSiT gaipara da gaiqca.

swored man moiyvana sparselebi qarTlSi da davsvi episkoposad miqaeli,

sarwmuno kaci. xolo binqarani, roca mouaxlovda qarTlis sazRvars, mokv-

da. axla saswrafod gamoemarTos Cvenken Seni spa, raTa aq dasces jvris

yvela mteri, da Sen gaTavisufldebi yvela mtrisagan, xolo Tu Cven gvZlev-

en sparselebi, Semovlen Sens sazRvrebSi~.

keisari xazareTSi iyo wasuli, amitom ver SeZlo qarTlSi mosvla. vax-

tangma gaaZliera qalaqebis cixeebi da urCeulesi mebrZolebi, 100 000

mxedari da 100 000 qveiTi TavisTan daitova. daibanaka diRmidan `qarTlis

karamde~ (armazamde), da sparselebma daibanakes ̀ cxenis terfis~ (didubesTan)

qvemoT. sparselebi da qarTvelebi erTmaneTs ebrZodnen armazsa da mcx-

eTaSi Tbilisis fonamde.

vaxtang mefes exura oqros Cabalaxi, romlis wina mxares gamosaxuli iyo

mgeli da ukan lomi. romel mxaresac qarTvelebi marcxdebodnen, iqiT

miemarTeboda da spobda sparselebis spas, rogorc lomi kanjars. sparselebi

ver uZlebdnen mis brZolas, daimaxsovres is, romelsac mgeli da lomi

hqonda gamoxatuli da roca vaxtangs ixilavdnen, ambobdnen: `dur az gor-

gasal~, anu `moerideT mglis Tavso~. amis Semdeg saxelad ewoda mefes

gorgasali. oTx Tves gagrZelda brZola. movida keisrisgan dasaxmareblad

80 000 mxedari. keisris brZanebiT, Tu vaxtangs dasWirdeboda, unda daxmare-

boda berZeni mxedarTmTavari leoni Tavisi jariT.


berZenTa laSqari javaxeTSi iyo Semosuli, roca Seityo sparsTa mefem

maTi Semosvla. daiwyo molaparakeba vaxtangTan: `risTvis vwyvetT erTma-

neTs? Zmebi varT, davdgeT Cveni mamebis siyvarulze da TiToeuli Cvengani

Tavis saTno suls emsaxuros~. daTanxmda vaxtangi sparsTa SemonaTvals da

mociqulis piriT uTxra: `Cems RmerTad iyos qriste, xolo Sen giwodeb

mamas da ufals~.

sparsTa mefem Seiwynara vaxtangis sityva da gaugzavna ZRvnad anTrakis

gvirgvini. Sexvda erTmaneTs ori mefe. dades aRTqma, rom Tav-Tavis rjulzeve

darCebodnen. uZRvna vaxtangma sparsTa mefes mravali saCuqari da Txova,

rom mSvidoba yofiliyo massa da keisars Soris: ̀ mnebavs, raTa iyos mSvido-

ba Sen Soris da keisrisa~. sparselebma mSvidobis nacvlad moiTxoves im

miwebis dabruneba, romelnic berZnebs sparselebisgan hqondaT mitacebuli.

daTanxmda am winadadebas berZenTa mxare.

berZnebi da sparselebi dazavdnen, ganaCines sazRvrebi, misces berZnebs

jaziri da filistimi ierusalimTan erTad da sparsTa mefem Tqva: `qalaqi

rjulisa Tqvenisa aris ierusalimi~.

sparsTa mefem jazirisa da filistimis gacemis sanacvlod, vaxtangs sTx-

ova, mieTxovebina colad Tavisi da da, agreTve, gahyoloda saomrad abaSTa,

elabelTa da hindoTa winaaRmdeg. misca vaxtangma sparsTa mefes colad

Tavisi da miranduxti, romelic osebisgan iyo datyvevebuli da gamoixsna

vaxtangma. moiyvana Tavisi Ze daCi, romelic iyo xuTi wlisa. daadga gvir-

gvini da datova mefed da datova masTan Tavisi Svidi warCinebuli: pirve-

lad juanSer spaspeti, Sida qarTlis da yovelTa erisTavTa mpyrobeli da

demetre erisTavi kaxeTisa da kuxeTisa, grigol hereTis erisTavi, nersara-

ni, xunanis erisTavi, adarnase samSvildis erisTavi, samnaRiri, Siga egrisisa

da svaneTis erisTavi, bakuri, margvisa da Takveris erisTavi. waiyvana Tan

artavazi, klarjeTis erisTavi, nasar, wundis erisTavi da bivritiani, oZrxis

erisTavi da didi ejibi saurmagi. maTTan aTi aTasi rCeuli mxedari. vax-

tangs Seevedrnen deda da misi da xuaranZe, raTa Tan waeyvanaT ierusalimSi

salocavad. waiyvana isini. Sevidnen ierusalimSi, iloces wmida aRdgomis

taZarSi, moiloces yoveli wmida adgili, Sewires didi Sesawiravi da wav-

idnen qalaq antioqiaSi, sadac maT eloda xosro. aq sparsTa mefes keisris-

gan miarTves miuwvdomeli ZRveni, aseve vaxtangs ganZi. Seikriba iq vaxtang-

is brZanebis qveS 50 000 mxedari qarTveli, berZeni da somexi. aqedan

wavidnen sparseTSi. baRdadSi gadaixades sparsTa mefisa da vaxtangis dis

qorwili. qorwilis Semdeg deda da da wavidnen qalaq urhaSi, sadac unda

dalodebodnen vaxtangs.

pirvelad vaxtangma da sparselTa laSqarma wartyvevnes jorjaneTi da

iq daemkvidrnen sparselebi. sami weli ibrZoles indoeTSi. indoeTis qvey-

nebis umravlesoba wartyvevnes. wamoiRes xarki. aqedan Sevidnen sindeTSi,


romlis mefe iyo mxne da goliaTi. mokles aq saurmagi, vaxtangma Seutia

sindelebs da maT Seaswres qalaqis kedlebSi. maSin sindTa mefe gadmodga

qalaqis karze da xmamaRla uTxra vaxtangs: ̀ vaxtang mefeo, msgavsi xar Sen

im ugunuri yvavisa, romelmac ipova arwivisagan dawylulebuli da dagle-

jili qori, romelsac afrena ar SeeZlo da sikvdils iyo miaxlovebuli.

yvavma ar qmna ise, rogorc aris yvavebis wesi, rameTu yvavi roca ixilavs

qors, iwyebs xmamaRla yivils, Seasmens sxvebs da yvavebis simravle daesxme-

ba qors, raTa gaagdon TavianT samyofelidan da uSiSrad gaataron Tavian-

Ti dReebi, rameTu pirutyvebmac ician TavianTi Tavis sargebeli.

ar qmna yvavma ase, aramed Seiwyala is qori. datova gamosakvebad Tavis

budeSi, marad aWmevda mkalsa da gvels, rameTu sxvisi Sepyroba ar SeeZlo

da miT acocxlebda qors. roca qors frTebi gaezarda, Tqva Tavis gonebaSi:

`ai, mravali dRis manZilze varsebobdi mkalisa da gvelis WamiT da ar

momeca me Cemi dedisa da mamis Zala, rameTu mkaliT ver gavZlierdebi, rom

SevZlo frinvelTa miweva da maTi WamiT arseboba. sjobs, Sevipyro is yvavi,

Cemi gamzrdeli, SevWamo da ori dRe davisveno: momecema Zala da daviwyeb

wesisamebr nadirobas, msgavsad Cemi winaprebisa~. aRasrula es. Seipyro yvavi

da SeWama. amis Semdeg daiwyo nadiroba did da swraf frinvelebze. ar

Seaqes yvavi Tavisi mowyalebisTvis, aramed ugunurad da Tavismkvlelad

CaTvales. arc qors daayvedres uwyaloeba da keTilisuxsenebloba, rameTu

es aris gvari da wesi qorisa. ganileoda da mokvdeboda mkalis WamiT. qmna

wesisamebr da aicila sikvdili. xolo yvavi wesisamebr ar moiqca da mokvda.

sparselebi, romlebic (dRemde da dReis Semdeg ukunisamde) jvarismsax-

urTa mtrebi arian, amJamad, uRonobis gamo, liqniT siyvaruls gaCveneben

da rogorc ki dro miecemaT, keTils aRar gaixseneben da uwyaloni iqmnebi-

an. es bevrjer viciT wignebidan. roca ixile sparselebi, Cems mier dakninebuli,

ar gaixare, RmerTs madloba ar Sewire, ar aRagzne mtrebi sparselebis

winaaRmdeg da ar Seewie sparseTis mtrebs, es ar gaakeTe, aramed dagitove-

bia Seni mamaTa sayofeli, saqristianos did spas winamZRvrob, ori wlis gza

gamogivlia da sparselebs aZliereb, raTa gaZlierdnen, moaRwion da warg-

wymidon Sen da Seni qveyana, romelsac daipyrobs jvarismsaxurebis war-

sawymedelad. mefe xar TviTmpyrobeli da axovani, Seni nebiT migicemia Tavi

Seni mtrebis monad da rogor ar giwodo ugunuri?~

vaxtangma uTxra: `Sen gegona sibrZniT Tqvi, magram Seni sityvebi arian

cru. Txunela, romelsac ar asxia Tvalebi da mzis brwyinvaleba da velTa

mSveniereba ar icis, Tu ra aris, Tavdajerebuli cxovrobs miwis qveS da

hgonia, rom yoveli cocxali arsebis cxovrebac asevea mowyobili. Tx-

unelas msgavsad Senc brma xar gonebis TvaliT da yru gonebis yuriT, ar

xedav da ar gesmis sulieri cxovreba da arc survili gaqvs mixvide

saukuno cxovrebamde da dausrulebel naTlamde, mis gonebiT miuwvdomel


didebamde. da arc icnob Sen yovelives Semoqmed RmerTs, romlis mier

Seiqmna yovelive.

am qveyanaSi movedi ara am soflis didebisTvis da ara sparsTa mefis

msaxurebisTvis, aramed dausabamo RmerTis msaxurebisTvis. rameTu Cemi aq

mosvliT pirvel rigSi gamovixseni ierusalimi — wmida qalaqi, sadac

dadgmula fexi Cveni uflisa ieso qristesi, iq aRasrula yovelive Cveni

sulebis xsnisTvis, da amis Semdeg yoveli saqristiano davixseni mooxreb-

isgan, rameTu sparsTa mefes miniWebuli hqonda Jami mTeli saqristianos

motyvevnisaTvis. me Cemi ZaliT da qristes SewevniT davixseni qristianebi

didi Wirisgan am Jams da amis Semdeg RmerTma icis.

Sen aqeb qors, romelmac Tavisi gamzrdeli yvavi SeWama, aqeb mis naqmnars,

xolo Cveni buneba aseTia, rom Cveni keTilismyofelisaTvis davdvaT Cveni

suli, raTa movigoT madli RvTisagan da vpovoT cxovreba saukuno da Tu

movkvdebiT, ukvdavnive viqnebiT da sikvdilis mier saukuno cxovrebaSi

gardavicvlebiT~.

maSin Tqva sindTa mefem: `gamodi CemTan sabrZolvelad, raTa Cems mier

gardaicvalo dRes sikvdilis Semdeg saukuno cxovrebaSi~.

Tqva vaxtangma. `axlandeli sikvdili ar miCns sixarulad, rameTu cod-

vili var da RmerTis mcneba srulad ar aRmisrulebia. Cemi codvebi

srulad ar aRmixocia sinanuliT, magram qristes ZaliT ar meSinia sikvdi-

lis, rameTu is aris Cemi mfarveli da daculi var srulebiT, mravalmowy-

ale RmerTi, Cemi xeliT mogklavs Sen, mis mgmobels da Seni suli wava

garesknelis bnelSi da uSret cecxlSi~. SeebrZolnen erTmaneTs. daama-

rcxa vaxtangma da ar mokla, aramed aiRo misgan xarki da mZevlebi.

amis Semdeg sparsTa mefem da vaxtangma daamarcxes abaSni. sparsTa mefem

abaSTa naxevari ahyara da sxva qveynebSi adgil-adgil daasaxla. eseni

arian qurTebi, romlebic warmotyuena vaxtan mefem abaSTagan.

merve wels ukan dabrunda vaxtangi da mivida qalaq urahSi, sadac

mSvidobiT daxvdnen deda da daA misi. gagzavna berZenTa mefesTan mociqu-

li colis wamosayvanad da agreTve petre kaTalikosisa da samoel episko-

posisaTvis. Semovida vaxtangi qarTlSi da miegebnen mas misi Ze daCi, yvela

spasalari da maTTan erTad episkoposebi. roca gaigo episkoposma,56 rom

vaxtangma gagzavna mociqulni kaTalikosisa da episkoposebis mosayvanad,

daumZimda es da iwyo amboxi da mizezoba. miugzavna mefes kaci da uTxra:

`Sen dagitovebia qriste da cecxls esav~, vaxtangma SeuTvala: `qristes

ZaliT Sevedi da qristes ZaliTve gamovedi simarTliT, ubralo var, icis

RmerTma, magram gavagzavne mociquli kaTalikosisa da episkoposis mosayva-

nad~. roca es moismina episkoposma da daidastura, ifiqra, SfoTiT dae-

brkolebina es saqme da maTi mosvla. dawyevla mefe da yoveli spa misi.

mefem Tqva: `marTalia, Cven udanaSauloni varT, magram simdable jer ars


Cvengan~. da mivida mefe, CamoqveiTda, raTa mTxveoda episkoposis fexebs.

gaZra fexi, qoSis qusli pirSi Caartya da mefes kbili Caumtvria. xolo

mefem Tqva: `es aris ampartavnobis silaRe da eSmakis sacduri. Tu Cveni

codvebis simravlem aRgZra, neba ara gaqvs borotebis gakeTebisa, aramed

unda Seundo, rogorc ityvis saxareba: ̀ ara daSrito patruqi mgzebare, arca

gantexo lerwami daCeCqili~. Sen ggonia, rom Seni siveragiT Cven qristes

siyvaruls uarvyofT. Seni saqme maSin gamoCnda cxadad, roca mogesma Senze

umTavresis saqarTveloSi moyvana da aRegzne boroti SuriT, rogorc iuda

petres mimarT, rameTu Sen xar rogorc iuda, xolo eklesia aris rogorc

petre. vercxlis moyvare xar Sen, rameTu Senc qristes megvadruce57 xar.

axla gaggzavni konstantinopolis patriarqTan da rogorc wesia, gangikiTx-

avs~. gagzavna despanebTan erTad da gagzavna Tavisi kbilic da SeuTvala,

rom kaTalikosi da Tormeti episkoposi saswrafod gamoegzavna. maT Soris

petre kaTalikosad da samoeli episkoposad, da sxvebi, romelnic surda.

roca moiyvanes miqael episkoposi konstantinopolSi, uTxra mas patri-

arqma: `radganac Sens mier daiTxia sisxli, aRara xar Rirsi episkoposo-

bisa, xolo mefis kadrebisaTvis gekuTvnis sikvdili. naTqvamia: `daemorCi-

leT Tqvens mefeebs, rameTu xmali ubralod ar abiaT, is RmerTis mier

mTavrobs, rogorc lomi cxvrebs Soris~. da eqsoriaSi gagzavnes miqael

episkoposi mRviZarTa monasterSi.

gagzavna petre mRvdeli da samoel monazoni antioqiaSi. da misweres

antioqiis patriarqs mefem da konstantinopolis patriarqma ase: `Tavda-

pirvelad, romaeli qalis ninos mier qarTlis moqcevis dasabamisas, aqedan

iq mivlenil iqna episkoposi. magram Semdeg, radganac sparselebsa da

berZnebs Soris SfoTi iyo, ver moawyes es saqme wesisamebr. amasTanave, Cven

viciT, rom qarTli, aRmosavleTi da CrdiloeTi mag wmida saydrisani arian,

rogorc ganaweses mociqulebma saxarebaSi, romelic uwinares unda davic-

vaT~. da antioqiels misweres yoveli saqme didi vaxtang mefisa, rom `is

episkoposi, romelic maT mier iyo dadginebuli, ukuvadgineT, da CaTvaleT

qarTli axalnergad.58 axla es ori, maT mier moTxovilni, akurTxe da agreTve

sxva Tormeti, visac isurveb, isini akurTxe. Semdeg ki CvenTan gamogzavne,

raTa Cven ganZiTa da saxmari nivTebiT gavamgzavroT~. da antioqielma

patriarqma akurTxa Tormeti episkoposi da petre kaTalikosad.

mividnen konstantinopolSi, misca mefem didZali ganZi da Tavisi asuli

elene, vaxtangis sacole. sazRvarze maT Seegeba mefe.

mcxeTaSi vaxtang mefem aaSena mociqulTa eklesia sveticxoveli. am

taZarSi samxreTiT im adgilas, sadac iyo sionis didi eklesia, dasva petre

kaTalikosad. xolo samueli mcxeTaSive dasva episkoposad `saepiskoposo-

Si~.59 da dasva sxva episkoposebidan erTi episkoposi klarjeTs, axizis

eklesiaSi, erTi eruSeTs artanSi; erTi javaxeTs _ wundaSi, erTi manglisSi,


erTi bolnisSi; erTi rusTavSi; erTi ninowmindaSi _ ujarmis karTan, romelic

gorgasalma aaSena. erTi missave aSenebul WeremSi da iq daaarsa qalaqi

misganve aSenebul or eklesias Soris; erTi CeleTSi (`Sua sofelSi~), erTi

xornabujSi da erTi agarakSi, romelic xunanis pirdapiraa.

amis Semdeg aaSena erTi eklesia niqozSi cecxlis sagzebelTan da dasva iq

episkoposi, sadac daflulia wmida raJdenis gvami, romelic sparsTa mier iwama.

es raJdeni iyo mamamZuZe vaxtangis pirveli colisa (sparsTa mefis

asuli), gaqristianda is da Seiqna didad morwmune, xolo brZolisas Zlieri.

Seipyres sparselebma da aiZulebdnen, rom uareyo qriste, xolo am wmindan-

ma aRiara waruvali dideba da iwama qristesTvis.

hyavda vaxtangs berZeni colisgan sami Ze da ori asuli. man Tavisi

pirveli colis Zes, Tavis pirmSo daCis misca qalaqebi Weremi, nekresi da

kambeCovani, romelic aris xornabuji, da mTeli qveyana mtkvris aRmosav-

leTiT. TviT vaxtangi dajda ujarmaSi da aaSena is uzomo naSenebiT. da

Tavisi daA xuaranZe misca somxeTis pitiaxSs bakurs da ramdenime xnis

Semdeg mokvda sparsTa mefe xosro da mis wil dajda Ze misi xosro. am

dros gaZlierebulni iyvnen sparselebi (vaxtangis meoxebiT yvela mteri

damorCilebuli hyavdaT) da gamoemarTa sparsTa mefe berZnebis winaaRmdeg

sabrZolvelad. mociquli gamougzavna gorgasals da SeuTvala, gaewia

winamZRoloba berZenTa winaaRmdeg omSi da mieca asuli colad.

maSin vaxtangi miweuli iyo 60 wels da Tqva: `uTxariT mefe xosros:

pirvelad ganemzados CvenTan sabrZolvelad da Semdeg Sevides saberZneTSi~.

gagzavna qadagi, raTa daetovebinaT is soflebi da qalaqebi, romlebic

Zlierni ar iyvnen da Sesuliyvnen kavkasiasa da kaxeTSi, rameTu kaxeTi tye

iyo da mtris mier Seuvali. mefe daCi da misi diswuli gadavidnen kaxeTSi

da dadgnen lopotis xevSi, kldiT mozRudul qveyanaSi (da iyvnen im

qveynis adamianebi cecxlisa da wylis msaxurebi da is xevi, vidre nosramde,

xalxiT iyo savse). Sevidnen gorgaslis coli da Svilni _ ujarmis xevSi.

wina cixeSi TviTon dadga, masTan iyvnen juanSeri da adarnase. xolo

mcxeTaSi demetre, nerse da bivritiani. gaugzavna mociquli keisars.

movida xosro mefe da Semusra qalaqi kambeCovani, Wermis cixe da velis-

cixe. mividnen kaxeTSi da daibanakes iorze. Seibnen, ibrZodnen sami dRe.

orive mxridan uricxvi spa daeca. maSin vaxtangma uxmo petre kaTalikoss da

uTxra: `icode, rom gvebrZvian ara xarkis micemisaTvis, aramed qristes

datevebisTvis. me ganzraxuli maqvs ase: saukuno cxovrebisaTvis umjobesi

aris qristes saxelze sikvdili, raTa aRTqmuli sasufeveli gvqondes maTTan,

romelTac uTxra: `romelic wariwymeds Tavis Tavs CemTvis, is ipovis mas~.

uTxra mas petre kaTalikosma: `Tu ar ibrZoleb samkvdro-sasicocxlod,

maSin ara marto saqarTvelo gairyvneba mtris mier, aramed ierusalimic,

romelic aris mSobeli naTlis Svilebisa~.


uTxra mas mefem: ̀ dadeqi wmida raJdenis eklesiaSi, romelic aris ujar-

mis rabatSi. veWvob, rom ujarmis garSemo yvela qalaqi iZlios, rameTu

mtkice da Zlieri zRudeebi aq avageT~. hyo ase kaTalikosma da yvela

wminda episkoposi iq Seikriba.

vaxtangis laSqarSi iyo 240 000 mebrZoli, xolo sparselebisaSi —

740 000. gahyo vaxtangma laSqari samad. da kldis mxridan miagzavna qvei-

Ti. erT mxares miavlina pitiaxSebi da spaspeti, da sadac sparsTa mefe iyo,

iq TviT vaxtangi mivida 100 000 meomriT.

ciskarze vaxtangi daesxa sparselebs da uTxra Tavisianebs: `yoveli

kaci, romelic sikvdils gadaurCeba da mtris Tavs an xels ar gamoitans

brZolidan, Cvens mier mokvdeba~.

ciskris miwurvisas daesxa da mivida mefis palatamde. Sevida mefis

karavSi. mefem Seaswro cxenze. Ze misi bartam mokla da mohkveTa Tavi.

maSin iq erTma sparselma sca isari vaxtangs mkerdSi. brZola gagrZelda

SuadRemde. sZlia vaxtangma sparselebs da mokla 120 000 maTgani. vaxtang-

is spaSi mokvda 28 000-mde. aiyara iqidan sparsTa mefe da Cadga rusTavSi.

daumZimda wyluli vaxtangs, rameTu filtvamde iyo isari miweuli. da

wavida ujarmaSi, xolo qarTlis spasalarebi adgilsave darCnen.

cnes sparselebma, rom daumZimda vaxtangs wyluli, moaoxres tfilisi da

armazi (qarTli), xolo mcxeTa ver daipyres, magram zRudis gareT moaoxres.

xolo berZenTa mefe, vaxtangis simamri, mokvda da dajda mefed zenoni,

misi Ze. is movida sperSi, qarTlSi rom Sesuliyo, da roca gaigo vaxtang

mefis daWris Sesaxeb, dadga karnu qalaqSi. iq movida xosro da Seibnen.

ver sZlies erTmaneTs, radgan orTaves spa daexoca.

vaxtangma Seityo, rom kvdeboda, miuxmo kaTalikoss da Tavis cols, Zeebsa

da yvela warCinebuls da Tqva: `me mivdivar Cemi RmerTis winaSe, da

vmadlob mis saxels, rom ar damaklo me mis siwmindeebs. axla mcnebas

mogcemT Tqven, rom mtkiced dadgeT sarwmunoebaze, eZiebdeT qristesTvis

sikvdils mis saxelze, raTa waruvali dideba moigoT~.

da uTxra yvela warCinebuls: `Tqven, saqarTvelos mkvidrno, moixseneT

Cemi sikeTe, rameTu pirvelad Cemi saxlidan miiReT saukuno naTeli da Cven

saxls nu SeuracxyofT da berZenTa siyvaruls nu dautevebT~. da uTxra

Tavis Zes daCis: `Sen xar Cemi pirmSo Svili, SenTvis momicia Cemi mefobis

gvirgvini. Seni Zmebis nawilad mimicia taSiskaridan da wundidan, vidre

somxeTamde da saberZneTamde, xolo afxazeTis sazRvari, egriswyalsa da

klisuras Sua, Seni Zmebis dedis aris~.60

da mouxmo wundis erisTavs, klarjeTis erisTavs artavazs da oZrxis

erisTavs bivritians da maT Caabara Tavisi coli elene da misi Svilebi,

romelTac erqvaT leoni da mirdati. da samive erisTavs Seavedra cremliT.

mTeli xalxisa da warCinebulebisTvis es iyo sasjelis dRe. TavSi

icemdnen da iyridnen nacars, yvelani natrobdnen sikvdils. xmamaRali


tirilisa da godebisgan qveyana iZroda. morwmune xalxi Senatroda mefes,

rameTu qristesTvis moikla. da mokvda vaxtang, dafles mcxeTas, sakaTaliko-

so eklesiaSi, svetTan, romelSic aris RvTivaRmarTuli svetisgan dapyrobiT.

saflavze gamosaxulia misi xati, misi simaRlis Tanaswori. xolo amJamad

Semonaxuli misi abjari da samoseli ufro naTlad warmogvidgens mas.

da dajda mis taxtze misi Ze daCi. xolo coli da vaxtangis ori Ze

waiyvana samma erisTavma, daiWires qarTlis dasavleTi, romelic misca maT

vaxtangma. zafxulobiT qalaq wundaSi iyvnen da zamTrobiT oZrxeSi. maT

ewodaT ara mefeebi, aramed erisTavTa mTavrebi da iyvnen mefe daCis morC-

ilebis qveS.

mefe daCim daiwyo qarTlis Seneba, rameTu mooxrebuli iyo xevi qarTlisa,

garda kaxeTis, klarjeTisa da egrisis xevebisa. ganasrula Tbilisis zRudeebi,

rogorc brZana vaxtangma da is Seqmna samefo saxlad.

mokvda petre kaTalikosi da dajda samoel. da mefem mas miaTvala

mcxeTa, rameTu ase brZana vaxtangma. amanve mefe daCim kaxeTis mTiulebs

SesTavaza qristes aRiareba, xolo maT ar inebes da gandgnen yovelni

napatelni.61

vaxtangis berZeni colis Svilebidan mokvda leoni da darCa mxolod

mirdati. am mirdats daevaWra misi Zma daCi: mefem gaucvala qveyana. mefem

aiRo is qveyana, romelic moqceuli iyo egriswyalsa da klisuras Soris. es

iyo mirdatis deduleTi sazRvari saberZneTis samflobeloebTan. mis nacv-

lad misca javaxeTi faravnidan mtkvramde. daiWira mirdatma qveyana fa-

ravnidan da taSiskaridan, vidre speris zRvamde da iq erisTavobda da

morCili iyo mefe daCis. man aaSena wyarosTavis eklesia. mokvda daCi. daCis

Semdeg, gamefda misi Ze bakuri. bakuris sikvdilis Semdeg, dajda misi Ze

farsmani. mokvda kaTalikosi samoeli da dajda kaTalikosad TavfeCagi.

misi sikvdilis Semdeg dajda kaTalikosad Cermag.

vaxtangis Semdgom aqamde es mefeebi mSvidobiT iyvnen. am farsmanis

mefobisas movidnen sparselebi, moaoxres qarTli da rani. qarTvelTa mefem

iTxova sparsTa mefisgan, ar moeoxrebina eklesiebi da daeWira qarTli

qristes rjulze.

im dros berZnebi mouclelebi iyvnen. TavianTi qveynis dasavleTSi mtrebs

ebrZodnen. ar SeeZloT qarTvelTa Sewevna da sparsTa winaaRmdeg gamosv-

la. maSin sparsTa mefem Seismina misi vedreba da daicva eklesiebi. fars-

manma samagierod dauwera morCilebisa da msaxurebis aRTqma. da wavida

sparsTa mefe.

amis Semdeg gaiyvnen vaxtang mefis naTesavebi. daCis Svilebi sparselebs

emorCilebodnen, farsmanis sikvdilis Semdeg, dajda mefed misi Zmiswuli,

romelsac farsmanive erqva.


is iyo morwmune da Seamko eklesiebi.

iTxoves iustinianesgan62 qarTvelebma, raTa kaTalikosebad TviT qarTvelebi

damsxdariyvnen, rameTu kaTalikosebi saberZneTidan modiodnen. iustinianem

dawera Tanxmobis wigni da dabeWda Tavisi beWdiT, raTa kaTalikosebad

qarTvelebi damsxdariyvnen da hqonodaT maT ufleba yvela eklesiaze da

yvela mRvdelmTavarze.

`mokvda kaTalikosi Cermag da farsman mefem dasva saba. amis Semdeg

aRar moyavdaT kaTalikosi saberZneTidan, aramed qarTvelebi sxdebodnen,

warCinebulTa naTesavebi~.

`ver moawies saqme ese jerisaebr sjulisa...~

(proiranuli saeklesio dajgufebani vaxtang(proiranuli saeklesio dajgufebani vaxtang(proiranuli saeklesio dajgufebani vaxtang(proiranuli saeklesio dajgufebani vaxtang(proiranuli saeklesio dajgufebani vaxtanggorgaslis reformamde)gorgaslis reformamde)gorgaslis reformamde)gorgaslis reformamde)gorgaslis reformamde)

IV saukunis bolodan V saukunis 70-ian wlebamde, vaxtang gorgaslis

reformamde, ucxour wyaroebSi qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb cnobebi daculi

ar aris. qarTuli wyaroebi ki amdroindeli qarTuli eklesiis mdgomare-

obas uaryofiTad da kritikulad afaseben. ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ Tanaxmad,

qarTlis moqcevidan kaTalikosobis dawesebamde, anu mirian mefidan vaxt-

ang gorgaslamde gasuli iyo 170 weli.63 am periodSi, romelsac kidev ufro

azustebs `qarTlis cxovreba~, rva episkoposma daicva `WeSmariti wesi~,

xolo sxvebi iyvnen `SemSlelni wesisani~. `mirian mefiTgan vidre vaxtang

mefisadmde gardacvalebul iyo naTesavi rva da mefeni aTni da weliwadi

157, xolo episkoposni wessa zeda WeSmaritsa gardacvalebulni rvani,

xolo sxuani SemSlelni wesisani~.64

Tanaxmad matianisa, qarTul eklesiaSi raRac saeklesio wesi ver dau-

cavT. qarTuli eklesiis pirveli meTauris _ episkopos iovanes Semdeg,

vidre petre kaTalikosamde sul 12 meTauri Seicvala eklesiisa. aqedan

mesamedi ̀ wesisSemSleli~ yofila, rac aRniSnulia vaxtang gorgaslis mat-

ianeSi. es imas niSnavs, rom swored vaxtangis dros iyvnen qarTuli eklesi-

is wina istoriis mimarT kritikulad ganwyobilni.

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom vaxtangis dros ara marto saeklesio

moRvaweni afasebdnen uaryofiTad qarTuli eklesiis Sinagan mdgomareobas,

aramed TviT xalxic ki.

ai, rogor glovobs xalxi Tavis ubedurebas:

`arakeTilad vipyarT sjuli qristesi da wesi iovanes mcnebisa~. vis

gulisxmobda xalxi ̀ iovaneSi~, romlis ̀ mcnebac~ ar daucavT? erTi Sexed-

viT, SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom aq saxarebiseuli romelime iovane igulisxmeba

(ioane naTlismcemeli an mociquli ioane), magram konteqstidan Cans, rom es


ase araa (marTlac, sxvagvarad SeuZlebelia). `iovaneSi~, romlis mcnebis

wesic ar daucavT, igulisxmeba mxolod pirveli meTauri Cveni eklesiisa,

episkoposi ioane, romelic saberZneTidan iyo Camosuli da romlis drosac

qarTuli eklesia berZnuli saeklesio orientaciisa iyo. Cvens samecniero

literaturaSi garkveulia, rom es ioane nikeis krebis erTguli iyo.

`nikeis krebaze damswre antiarianuli mrwamsis episkoposTa Soris erT-

erTi wamyvani figura `evstaTi didi~ (rogorc mas Teodorite uwodebs),

antioqiis kaTedras 324 an 325-330 wlebSi ganagebda da mis mier qarTlis

eklesiis meTaurad ioanes xeldasxma am wlebSi unda momxdariyo... cxadia,

evstaTis mier xeldasxmuli ioane episkoposi qarTlSi nikeis rwmenas

danergavda~.65

amitomac, daarsebisTanave qarTuli eklesia swori sarwmunoebrivi mima-

rTulebisa yofila, anu qarTuli eklesia aRiarebda qristianobis im mima-

rTulebas, romelic maSindel romis imperiaSi (saberZneTSi) iyo aRiarebu-

li. qarTuli eklesia nikeis rwmenis erTguli iyo Semdeg saukuneebSic,

arasodes ar Seucvlia es rwmena, rasac adastureben rogorc giorgi mTaw-

mindelis epoqis, ise sxva epoqaTa moRvaweni, magram, rogorc Cans, nikeis

krebis erTguli qarTuli eklesia gansaxilvel epoqaSi, 380-iani wlebidan

470-ian wlebamde, berZnuli saeklesio orientaciisa ar yofila.

cxadia, sxvaa sarwmunoebrivi mimarTuleba da sxvaa saeklesio (adminis-

traciuli) orientacia. magaliTad, Tumca somxuri eklesia amave epoqaSi

(380-iani wlebis Semdeg) nikeis krebis erTguli iyo, magram igi ixreboda

siriulsparsuli saeklesio wiaRisken, ufro ki erovnul damoukidebel

saeklesio politikas icavda. somxeTis eklesia Camoscilda berZnul saek-

lesio wiaRs, magram, rogorc aRvniSneT, nikeis krebis erTguli iyo (ig-

ulisxmeba 380-450-iani wlebi).

qarTuli eklesiis pirveli meTauri iovane, rogorc cnobilia, romis

imperiidan (anu rogorc qarTvelebi uwodebdnen, `saberZneTidan~) iyo ga-

mogzavnili da am episkoposma daaarsa (organizaciuli TvalsazrisiT) erTiani

qarTuli eklesia. meore meTauric qarTuli eklesiisa saberZneTidan Camo-

suli piri iyo. matianeTa Tanaxmad, ukve mesame meTauri, romelic swored

gansaxilvel periodSi, kerZod, 375-390 wlebSi moRvaweobda,66 ar iyo saber-

ZneTidan Camosuli da arc raime uSualo kavSiri (ierarqiul-administraci-

uli) hqonia saberZneTTan (igulisxmeba mTavarepiskoposi iobi). aseve, vax-

tang gorgaslis saeklesio reformamde, kaTalikosobis dawesebamde, Cans,

episkoposTa (eklesiis meTaurTa) mxolod Zalze mcire nawili yofila

saberZneTidan Camosuli. es garemoeba uTuod mizezi gaxdeboda imisa, rom

qarTul eklesiaSi ver daicavdnen pirveli episkoposis, iovanes `mcnebis

wess~, rac, albaT, imiT gamoixateboda, rom iovanes dros arsebuli prob-

erZnuli orientacia ar daicveboda.


marTlac, 380-iani wlebis Semdeg, politikuri mizezebis gamo, SeuZlebeli

iyo qarTul eklesias proberZnuli orientacia daecva. am dros qarTli,

somxeTi da amierkavkasiis ZiriTadi nawili sparseTis moxarke qveynebi

iyvnen, sadac sparseTi sastikad devnida proberZnul, rogorc saeklesio,

ise politikur orientacias.

Tavis mxriv, saberZneTisaTvis srulebiT mouTmeneli iqneboda qarTuli

eklesiis araberZnuli orientacia. saqarTveloSi arsebuli mdgomareobis

gamo saberZneTi (bizantia) sastikad sjida saqarTvelos. jer kidev vaxtang

gorgaslis bavSvobaSi is SemoWrila CvenSi da saqarTvelosTvis CamouSo-

rebia dasavleT saqarTvelos nawili, xolo ufro adre samxreT saqarTve-

los nawili. es nawilebi saberZneTs uSualod Tavis imperiisaTvis mi-

uerTebia. berZenTa aseT moqmedebas ase ganmartavda qarTveli xalxi: ̀ masve

Jamsa gamovides berZenni afxazeTiT, rameTu berZenTa hqonda egriswylis

qvemoTi kerZo yoveli, da daipyres egrisis wyliTgan vidre cixe-gojamde.

maSin iqmna glova da wuxili yovelTa zeda qarTvelTa da ityodis: ̀ ganvam-

ravleT codva RmrTisa mimarT. da arakeTilad vipyarT sjuli qristesi da

wesi iovanes mcnebisa. samarTlad moawia RmerTman Cuen zeda ese risxva.

rameTu miguca Cuen wartyuenad ucxoTa naTesavTa da migYRo Cuen sazRvari

berZenTagan, viTarca miuRo varaz-baqars mefesa klarjeTi~.67

Cveni matianis Tanaxmad, am epoqaSi qarTuli eklesiis orientaciiT Zalze

ukmayofilo yofila bizantiis imperatori. bizantiis imperatorsa da kon-

stantinopolis patriarqs gaugzavniaT aseTi werili antioqiis patriar-

qisTvis: `pirvelad, dasabamsa qarTlis moqcevisasa dedakacisa hromaelisa

ninos mier, ganivlina aqaT episkoposi, rameTu Soris sparsTa da berZenTa

SfoTi iyo, da miT ver moawies saqme ese jerisaebr sjulisa~...68 am werilis

azri ase SeiZleba gavigoT: qarTuli eklesiis Camoyalibebisas, IV saukune-

Si, qarTuli eklesiis orientacia proberZnuli iyo, radganac aq episkoposi

imperiidan Camovida, xolo Semdeg imis gamo, rom sparseTsa da bizantias

Soris `SfoTi~, omianoba iyo, qarTul eklesiaSi mdgomareoba `ver moawies

jerisaebr sjulisa~. aseTia azri bizantiis saxelmwifo da saeklesio me-

Taurebisa qarTuli eklesiis mimarT (reformebis Catarebamde).

am werilis gagrZelebidan Cans, rom `rjulis wesis~ darRvevad, bizan-

tiel xelisuflebs miaCndaT is, rom qarTuli eklesia damoukidebeli iyo

bizantiuri eklesiisgan.

konstantinopolidan antioqiis patriarqs qarTuli eklesiis damoukide-

blobis mizezad moaxsenes zemomoyvanili politikuri mdgomareoba _ ̀ SfoTi

berZenTa da sparselTa Soris~, xolo Semdeg auwyeben, rom mociqulTa

ganwesebis Tanaxmad, radganac aRmosavleTisa da CrdiloeTis qveynebis ek-

lesiebi antioqiis sapatriarqo saydars unda eqvemdebarebodes, amitomac

qarTuli eklesiac Seni gavlenis sferoSi unda Sediodeso.


`...rameTu Cuen uwyiT, viTarmed qarTli da aRmosavleTi da Crdilo magis

wmidisa saydrisani arian, viTarca ganaweses mociqulTa saxarebasa Sina,

romel ars uwinaresoba~.69

unda aRiniSnos, rom es qarTuli wyaro zustad asaxavs im saeklesio

politikas, romelic V saukunis bizantiaSi arsebobda, gansakuTrebiT, 451

wlis qalkedonis krebis Semdeg, kerZod, gaZlierebuli bizantiuri sapatri-

arqoebi ierTebdnen mezobel eklesiebsa da diocezebs.

Cans, bizantiaSi cdilan, arc qarTuli eklesia yofiliyo gamonaklisi.

ganvixiloT saqarTvelosa da qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareoba 370-iani

wlebidan ufro dawvrilebiT.

IV saukunis 70-iani wlebis bolos, amierkavkasia da misi mimdebare qvey-

nebi, romlebic aqamde romis gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda, sparseTis gavle-

nis qveS moeqca. 377 wels romma, vestguTebis ajanyebis gamo, gaiyvana

Tavisi jari somxeTidan, rac, faqtobrivad, safuZveli gaxda imisa, rom

somxeTi, iberia da misi mimdebare qveynebi sparseTma daimorCila da daxar-

ka. qarTlis mefe varaz-baqarma romaelebis daxmarebis gareSe ver gabeda

Sebmoda saqarTveloSi SemoWril sparselTa laSqars. mas uimedod CauTv-

lia Crdilokavkasieli tomebis gadmoyvanac sparselebTan saomrad da

Tavi Seufarebia kaxeTSi, xolo mosaxleobisTvis rCeva miucia, qristianuli

niSnebis daufaravi CvenebiT ar gaeRizianebinaT sparselebi. aRsaniSnavia,

rom im droisaTvis saqarTvelos mosaxleobis yvela fena, rogorc ubralo

xalxi, ise mmarTveli zeda fena, Tavdadebuli qristiani yofila, da isini

iTxovdnen oms sparselebTan, magram mefem sxvagvarad gadawyvita: varaz-

baqaris dros qristianobaze `...moqceul iyo qarTli da didsa sarwmunoe-

basa Sina iyvnes aznaurni da yoveli eri qarTlisa... amis ze gamogzavna

sparsTa mefeman erisTavi spiTa didiTa somexTa da qarTvelTa zeda xarkis

dadebad... ukujda igi Kevsa kaxeTisasa, da aRaSena cixe xidars da ganama-

grna cixe-qalaqni, da ubrZana yovelTa, raTa damalnen juarni. da movides

sparsni pirvelad somxiTs da moaoKres somxiTi da Semovides qarTls. da

aRaSena erisTavman sparsTaman tfilisis karTa Soris cixed mcxeTisad.

maSin varaz-baqar ezraxa SevrdomiT da iTxova mSYdoba... da ganukveTa

xarki, xolo erisTavman sparsTaman mosca cixe tfilisisa da warvida. da

mieriTgan iqmnnes somexni da qarTvelni sparsTa moxarkeni~70

saqarTvelos samefo sparselTa moxarke qveynad iqca.

`amrigad, IV saukunis 70-ian wlebSi iranelebma qarTlis samefo mTli-

anad daimorCiles. Tavdapirvelad qarTlSi mosula iraneli sardali, romel-

sac ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ matiane pitiaxSs, xolo ̀ mefeTa ambavi~ erisTavs

uwodebs. xarksac, etyoba, igive krefda. Semdgom iranelebs, rogorc Cans, es

funqcia adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisaTvis daukisrebiaT... varaz-bakuris Sem-

deg, IV saukunis 80-90-ian wlebSi, qarTlis samefo taxtze ijda bakuri...


bakuris dros grZeldeboda iranelTa batonoba... metad didi mniSvneloba

hqonda qarTlisaTvis sazavo xelSekrulebas bizantielebsa da iranelebs

Soris, romelic daido 387 wels, ramdenime wlis molaparakebis Semdeg.

zavis pirobebis Tanaxmad, somxeTis ramdenime ganapira olqi somxeTs saer-

Tod Camoscilda, darCenili nawili ki _ Sua qveyana, bizantielebma da

iranelebma gaiyves. am qveynis oTxi mexuTedi ergo irans, danarCeni _

bizantias~.71 aRsaniSnavia, rom sparselebs qristianuli eklesiis mimarT

Taviseburi midgoma hqondaT. qristianoba TviT sparseTSic gavrcelebuli

iyo da sparsuli eklesia Tavisi saepiskoposoebiT warmatebiT moqmedebda

sparseTis imperiaSi, iseve rogorc am imperiaSi arsebuli siriuli, somx-

uri da sxva eklesiebi (igulisxmeba IV-V saukuneebi).

marTalia, sparseTisTvis politikuri TvalsazrisiT qristianoba misaRe-

bi ar iyo, magram igi qristianobaSi ebrZoda mxolod proberZnul mima-

rTulebasa da saeklesio orientacias. sparseTi Tavis imperiaSi yvelafers

akeTebda, raTa moespo ara eklesiebi, aramed eklesiebSi arsebuli prob-

erZnuli orientacia. sparseTisaTvis miuRebeli iyo saberZneTidan Camosu-

li samRvdeloeba, berZnuli saeklesio wignebi da berZnuli enac ki.

mose xoreneli aRniSnavs sparselTa antiberZnul moqmedebas somxur

eklesiaSi. unda iTqvas, rom sparseTi cdilobda berZnuli gavlenis aR-

mofxvras ara marto somxur eklesiaSi, aramed Tavis imperiaSi arsebul

yvela eklesiaSi. kerZod, sparseTs surda berZnulenovani wirva-locvisa

da RvTismsaxurebis nacvlad somxur eklesiaSi daenerga siriulenovani

RvTismsaxureba, radganac gansaxilvel epoqaSi jer kidev ar arsebobda

somxuri anbani da somxurenovani wignebi. berZnuli enis nacvlad aswav-

lidnen sparsul enasa da wera-kiTxvas.

sparseTis xelisufali somxeTSi `ra wignsac ki waawydeboda, igi wvavda,

brZana, rom eswavlaT sparsuli da ara berZnuli wera-kiTxva, aravis hqonda

ufleba elaparaka berZnulad anda eTargmna am enidan. amas TiTqos imitom

Svreboda, rom somxebs jer kidev ar gaaCndaT anbani da berZnulad as-

rulebdnen RvTismsaxurebas~.72

bizantiuri gavlenis Semcirebis mizniT, sparseTi sastikad sdevnida ara

marto proberZnul saeklesio orientacias, aramed berZnul kulturasac. imis

gamo, rom somxur eklesiaSi siriul kulturas adreve hqonda gavlena mopove-

buli, sparseTma ineba, rom somxuri eklesiidan (da aseve amierkavkasiis sxva

eklesiebidan) gandevnili berZnuli kulturis nacvlad daenerga siriuli

kultura. `ebrZoda ra bizantiis gavlenis gavrcelebas somxeTSi, iranis xe-

lisufleba, amave dros, garkveuli politikuri mosazrebiT, mxars uWerda

siriuli kulturis gabatonebas somexTa qveyanaSi~, _ wers a. abdalaZe.73

sparseTisTvis srulebiT mouTmeneli iyo eklesiaTa raime administraci-

ul-ierarqiuli kavSiri berZnul eklesiasTan.


jer kidev somxeTis mefis papis (367-374) dros somxuri eklesia ierar-

qiulad CamoSorda berZnuls sparselebis gulis mogebis mizniT, risTvisac

imperatorma Teodosim sastikad dasaja papi. mose xoreneli wers, rom

papma gamoZebna sahaki da `daadgina is nersesis magier kesariis did

arqiepiskoposTan SeuTanxmeblad~.74 am dros somxuri eklesia gaTavisufl-

da berZnuli eklesiis ierarqiuli kavSirisagan. 387 wlis Semdeg, sparseT-

sa da bizantias Soris gayofil somxeTis nawilebSi eklesiaTa mdgomareo-

ba sxvadasxvagvarad warimarTa. rogorc vTqviT, sparseTis somxeTSi gan-

devnili berZnulenovani wirva-locvis magier dainerga jer siriuli da

maleve somxuri wirva-locva. saqme is iyo, rom somxebma SeZles SeeqmnaT

somxuri anbani da umalve Targmnes somxur enaze saeklesio wignebi. sparseTi

xels uwyobda nebismierenovan RvTismsaxurebis Catarebas berZnulis nacv-

lad, amitomac aRmosavleT somxeTSi somxurenovani wirva-locva da maSto-

cis somxuri anbani swrafad gavrcelda. dasavleT somxeTSi ki, romelic

bizantiis imperiaSi Sedioda, bizantiis xelisufleba yovelmxriv krZalav-

da da aferxebda somxuri anbanisa da somxurenovani wirva-locvis gavr-

celebas. 391 wels somxeTis bizantiur nawilSi mefoba gauqmda, magram

somexma samRvdeloebam gamoiCina simtkice da konstantinopolma male neba

darTo somxur eklesias dasavleT somxeTSic gavrcelebuliyo somxureno-

vani RvTismsaxureba. bizantias Zalze aSfoTebda, rom somxuri eklesia

prosparsul da prosiriul orientacias daadga. amitomac, mTlianad rom

ar daekarga gavlena somxur eklesiaze, bizantiam, faqtobrivad, cno avtoke-

falia somxuri eklesiisa da dasavleT somxeTis eklesiis meTauris Rirse-

ba gauTanabra kesariis arqiepiskoposis Rirsebas, gamouyo mas Tanxebi, neba

darTo somxuri damwerlobis gavrcelebisa bizantiur somxeTSi.75 ase mis-

wera man kidec somxuri eklesiis meTaurs, romlis rezidenciac sparsul

(aRmosavleT) somxeTSi imyofeboda: `Zalian gamtyunebdiT Tqven, rameTu

metismetad gadaixareT warmarTi mefeebisken... gansakuTrebiT imisaTvis gada-

naSaulebdiT, rom ugulebelyaviT Cveni qalaqis swavlulni da viRac

asurelebTan cdilobdiT sibrZnis povnas. amis gamo moviwoneT Cveni msax-

urebis moqmedeba mag mxareSi, romelTac abuCad aigdes Tqveni amgvari

moZRvreba...~76 `warmarT~ mefeebs sparsel mefeebs uwodebdnen.

Tu zemomoyvanils SevusabamebT `qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnobebs, savsebiT

dasajerebeli mogveCveneba Cveni matianis monaTxrobi, rom qarTlis mefis

varaz-baqaris dros berZnebma dasajes es prosparsuli orientaciis mefe

swored sarwmunoebrivi sakiTxebis gamo: mis saxelmwifos samxreTiT mde-

bare klarjeTis provincia CamoaWres. xalxis azri aseTi iyo: ̀ migucna Cuen

wartyuevnad ucxoTa naTesavTa da migYRo Cuen sazRvari berZenTagan, vi-

Tarca miuRo varaz-baqars mefesa klarjeTi da igi codviTa varaz-baqa-

risiTa moiwia, rameTu ver keTilad epyra sjuli qristesi~.77


aseve wers xorenelic _ prosparsuli orientaciis gamo bizantia ara

marto sjida da devnida, aramed abuCad igdebda somxur eklesias _ `...mov-

iwoneT Cveni msaxurebis moqmedeba mag mxareSi, romelTac abuCad aigdes

Tqveni amgvari moZRvreba~.

bizantia sjida prosparsul qristianobas, xolo sparseTi sjida prob-

erZnul qristianobas.

cnobilia, rom qarTuli eklesia Tavisi Sinagani bunebiT proberZnuli

orientaciisa iyo, amis gamo sparsTagan isjeboda kidec, ris Sesaxebac

wmida raJdenis cxovrebaSi naTqvamia: `aRdges sparsni qristeaneTa zeda...

rameTu didi iyo maSin brZolaAO da daucxromeli mtrobaAOqristeaneTa

zeda da ufroAsad berZenTa mimarT, xolo Cuen qarTvelTa momarT amisaTYs,

rameTu eZYneboda Cueni berZenTa mimarT siyvaruli da erTobaA da ese iyo

nebaA maTi, raATa Cuenca maTTana mter veqmneT berZenTa~.78 marTalia, es

exeba V saukunis Sua wlebs, magram sparseTi swored aseT antiberZnul

saeklesio orientacias adga IV-V da VI saukuneebSi.

aseTi politikuri situaciis dros, 380-iani wlebis Semdeg, roca qarTli

daxarkuli iyo sparsTa mier, qarTul da berZnul eklesiaTa Soris raime

ierarqiul urTierTdamokidebulebaze da, miT umetes, berZeni arqiepiskopo-

sis saqarTveloSi Camosvlaze msjeloba SeuZlebelia. sparseTi, romelic

ara Tu pirovnebas, aramed berZnul enaze laparaksac ki krZalavda, nebas

ar darTavda berZen ierarqs saqarTveloSi Camosuliyo da emoRvawa. am

periodis zogierTi qarTveli mefe antiberZnulad iyo ganwyobili. maTi

aseTi ganwyoba gamoiwvia iman, rom bizantiam miitaca qarTuli qveynebi.

gansakuTrebiT es iTqmis mefe mirdatze, romelic farsman mefis (398-400ww.)

Semdeg ganagebda qarTul saxelmwifos V saukunis dasawyisSi.

mirdatma ganagrZo farsmanis politika da is `mter eqmna berZenTa da

sparsTa. berZenTagan eZiebda klarjeTs, sazRvarsa qarTlisasa, xolo sparsTa

ara miscemda xarksa~.79

mirdatis dros SeuZlebelia qarTul eklesias raime kavSiri hqonoda

berZnul eklesiasTan (igulisxmeba ara sarwmunoebrivi erTianoba, aramed

ierarqiul-administraciuli kavSiri), radganac araberZnuli orientaciis

mefe mirdati mtrobda da ebrZoda berZnebs. am dros Zalze dazaralebula

qarTuli eklesia, is qveyanaSi Semosul sparselebs `gauryvniaT~. mefe mir-

dati `...Seipyres sparsTa, movides qarTlad, daipyres qarTli da ganryvnnes

eklesiani~.80

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am dros ganmeorda ociode wlis win momxdari

ambavi, roca varaz-bakuris dros qarTlSi Semovida sparseli pitiaxSi,

iobis mTavarepiskoposobisas _ `da mTavarepiskoposi iyo igive iob. da

maSin movida qram xuar borzard sparsTa mefisa pitiaxSi...~81 es iobi

saberZneTidan ki ar yofila Camosuli, aramed iyo `nerse kaTalikosisa


diakoni~ (ase uwodebs iobs rogorc `qarTlis cxovreba~, ise `moqcevaA

qarTlisaA~). sparsTa am laSqrobis dros Znelia qarTul eklesiasa da

berZnuls Soris raime organizaciul-ierarqiul kavSirze laparaki. uTuod

sparsTa nebiT qarTuli eklesia iseTive damoukidebel da erovnul orga-

nizaciad gadaiqca, rogorc gadaiqca somxuri eklesia am periodSi. sparse-

Ti, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, ver iTmenda Tavis imperiaSi arsebuli eklesie-

bis kavSirs berZnul eklesiasTan.

mdgomareoba ar Secvlila arc mefe arCilis dros, Tumca, `qarTlis

cxovreba~ sxvagvarad aRwers mis cxovrebas. ̀ mirdatis Semdeg, IV saukunis

ocian wlebSi, samefo taxtze damjdara arCili... `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~

matianis mixedviT, arCilis mefobaSi, safiqrebelia, igive mdgomareobaa, rac

wina periodSi iyo. aq naxsenebi ar aris am periodSi momxdari raime

mniSvnelovani movlena... samagierod, juanSerTan `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~

arCilis mefoba maJoruli tonalobiTaa gadmocemuli, arCilmao ̀ ganacxada

mtroba sparsTa, gamoaCina juarni da mokazmna eklesiani, mosrna da ganasx-

na yovelni cecxlismsaxurni sazRvarTagan qarTlisaTa, moirTo Zali sa-

berZneTiT da warZRuanebiTa juarisaTa iwyo brZolad sparsTa~... juanSeris

es cnobebi realur viTarebas ar asaxavs. sinamdvileSi, qarTli am period-

Sic irans emorCileboda, da, albaT, ZiriTadad cdilobda daecva Tavisi

kulturuli TviTmyofadoba. aseTive politikas atarebda, rogorc Cans, ar-

Cilis memkvidre mirdati, romlis mefoba 30-40-ian wlebze unda modiodes.

magram qarTlis brZolas iranuli uRlisagan gasaTavisufleblad am peri-

odSi raime xelSesaxebi Sedegi ar mohyolia~.82

rogorc mefe arCilis, ise mirdatis dros sparseTi Zalze gaZlierebuli

iyo. 428 wels sparselebma somxeTSi mefoba saerTod gaauqmes da ̀ sparsul

somxeTs ganagebda sparsi mmarTveli _ marzapani, somex naxararebs Camo-

arTves saxelmwifo Tanamdebobani~.83

aseT dros, cxadia, kidev ufro damTmobi da loialuri gaxdeboda qarTu-

li saxelmwifo sparseTis mimarT, ar gaaRizianebda sparseTs da Seecdeboda

eklesiidan saerTod aRmoefxvra proberZnuli orientaciis yovelgvari niSani.

V s-is 40-ian wlebSi iranis axali, metad agresiuli politika gamoricx-

avda qarTuli eklesiis ierarqiul kavSirs berZnulTan.

sworad aRiniSneba, rom aq garda sparseTis xelisuflebis nebisa, moqmedeb-

da agreTve obieqturi faqtori, es iyo qveynis feodalizaciis procesi.

V saukunis Sua wlebisaTvis erTmaneTs daupirispirda samefo xelisu-

fleba da adgilobrivi aznaurebi, romelnic ukve feodal miwismflobele-

bad iyvnen qceulni. eklesiac aseve msxvili miwismflobeli iyo. mefe ibrZoda

imisaTvis, rom Tavisi gamgeblobidan ar gaeSva es miwebi, samagierod feodalebi

cdilobdnen maqsimalurad SeezRudaT mefe. am planSi srulebiT gasagebi

xdeba konfliqti vaxtang gorgasalsa da mTavarepiskopos miqaels Soris.


aseTi mdgomareobis dros vaxtang gorgaslis gasaocari sibrZne imaSi

mdgomareobda, rom man SeZlo aznaurebisaTvis (feodalebisaTvis) CamoerT-

va saxelmwifo Tanamdebobebi da daeyo qveyana samxedro-administraciul

erTeulebad _ saerisTavoebad. TiToeul am erTeuls marTavda erisTavi.

erisTavebi, Tavis mxriv, uSualod eqvemdebarebodnen mxedarTmTavars _ spaspets,

jarebis ufross. aznaur-feodalTa xelisufleba amiT maqsimalurad SeizRuda,

isini TavianTi kuTxis mmarTvelobis saqmeSic ki uSualod veRar Caereod-

nen. yovel saqmes am kuTxeSi erisTavi wyvetda. erisTavi ki iniSneboda

spaspetis mier, spaspeti ki mefis mier (`spaspeti~ swored im `spas~ meTa-

urobda, romelic mefesTan erTad dawyevla miqael mTavarepiskoposma).

vaxtang gorgasalma aseTive procesi Caatara eklesiaSic, saxelmwifos

kontrolisagan gasuli eklesia dauqvemdebara saxelmwifos imave saSua-

lebiT, romliTac aznaurebi daimorCila, kerZod, ̀ spiT~. amitomac daiwyevla

`spa~ mefesTan erTad.

unda vifiqroT, rom V saukunis Sua wlebisaTvis saqarTveloSi moqmedebda

ara marto proiranulad, aramed proberZnuladac ganwyobili samRvdeloeba,

magram samRvdeloebis orive dasisTvis mefis Zlieri, makontrolebeli da

mmarTveli xelisufleba miuRebeli iyo. amitomac proberZnulad ganwyobili

mTavarepiskoposi miqaelic ki konfliqtur damokidebulebaSia mefesTan.

b. mWedliSvili wers: `vaxtang gorgasalis mefobis dros, juanSerisave

mixedviT, SeiniSneba saeklesio dasTan uTanxmoeba. cnobilia, rom ukve IV

saukunis dasawyisidan. irani cdilobs amierkavkasiaSi poziciebis ganmtki-

cebas da erT-erT qmediT iaraRad qristianul religiasac iyenebs. magal-

iTad, somxeTSi, dRidan daarsebisa, qristianul eklesias xelmZRvanelobd-

nen iranis mefeTa xeldasxmuli mTavarepiskoposebi anu kaTalikosebi. qarTli,

romelsac bizantia mfarvelobda, ukeTes pirobebSi iyo da winaaRmdegobasac

uwevda iranis moZalebas, magram zogierT SemTxvevaSi, irani, rogorc es

vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebidanac Cans, mainc aRwevda mizans da qarTls

Tavis politikas axvevda.

miuxedavad imisa, rom am ambebis TiTqmis Tanamedrove prokopi kesarieli

aRniSnavda _ `iberebi qristianebi arian da am sarwmunoebis wesebs yvela

imaTze ukeT icaven, romelTac Cven vicnobT~ (georgika, II, 1934 w. gv. 21),

qarTlSi mainc SeiniSneba saeklesio dajgufeba, romelic sxvadasxva niS-

niT SeiZleba swored proiranuli yofiliyo~.84 prosparsuli orientaciis

mTavarepiskoposTa Soris gansakuTrebiT gamoirCevian glonoqori da mo-

bidani. qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebi mWidro kavSirSi arian spars xelisu-

flebasTan da maT mierve arian kidec daniSnulni. glonoqori garda imisa,

rom eklesias meTaurobda, agreTve sparselTa saero xelisufali, erisTavic

yofila ara marto qarTlSi, aramed hereTSic, ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ Tanax-

mad: `da merme mefobda mirdat da mTavarebiskoposi iyo glonoqor, da ese

mTavarebiskoposi erisTavadca iyo barzabod pitiaxSisagan qarTls da hereTs~.85


qarTuli eklesiis meTauri mobidani (436-448), Tumca `aCuenebda igi mar-

Tlmadideblobasa, xolo iyo vinme mogY usjulo da SemSleli wesTa~.86

albaT, SeuZlebeli iyo qarTul eklesias raime ierarqiuli kavSiri

hqonoda berZnul eklesiasTan glonoqorisa da mobidanis dros, radganac

erTi sparselTa erisTavi iyo, xolo meore aSkarad gamoxatuli prosparsu-

li orientaciis mqone, wesis SemSleli. am dros qarTuli eklesia avtoke-

faluri, anu berZnuli eklesiisagan damoukidebelia, radganac mobidani

saberZneTidan ki ar gamogzavnes, aramed TviT qarTvelTa mefe arCilma

dasva eklesiis meTaurad: `amis arCilis ze gardaicvalnes samni episko-

posni: iona, grigoli da basili. da basilisa Semdgomad amanve arCil dasva

episkoposi, romelsa erqua mobidan. ese iyo naTesavad sparsi da aCuenebda

igi marTlmadideblobasa. xolo iyo vinme mogY usjulo da SemSleli wesTa.

da ver ugrZna arCil mefeman da Zeman misman usjuloeba mobidanisi, aramed

hgonebdes morwmuned. da verca gannacxadebda qadagebasa sjulisa misisasa

SiSisagan mefisa da erisa, aramed farulad werda wignebsa yovlisa sac-

Turebisasa, romeli Semdgomad missa dawua yoveli werili misi WeSmaritman

episkoposman miqael, romeli ganikueTa kadrebisaTYs vaxtang mefisa~.87

aq yuradReba unda mieqces, rom Semdegdroindeli mematiane `mogus~ anu

cecxlTayvanismcemels uwodebs qristianuli eklesiis meTaurs. xom ar

unda vigulisxmoT, rom Semdegdroindeli moRvaweni `moguebs~ anu cecxl-

Tayvanismcemlebs uwodebdnen prosparsuli orientaciis, anda romelime

qristianuli (vTqvaT, maniqeur-qristianuli) mimdinareobis saeklesio pirebs?

Tu CavTvliT, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi matianeSi aRniSnuli `mogYs~ anda

cecxlTayvanismcemlis qveS unda vigulisxmoT qristiani episkoposi, maSin,

iqneb, dagveSva, rom ̀ cecxlismsaxurTa episkoposi binqarani~ iyo ara ̀ cecxl-

Tayvanismcemeli~ am sityvis pirdapiri gagebiT, aramed prosparsuli orien-

taciis mqone saeklesio piri, iseTive ̀ mogY~, rogorc mobidani?

matianeSi aRniSnulia, rom ranis sparselma erisTavma ̀ barzabod warmog-

zavna cecxlismsaxurni mcxeTas da maT zeda episkoposad binqaran, da

dasxdes moguTas~.88 aq TiTqosda srulebiT aSkaraa, rom binqarani cecx-

lismsaxurTa episkoposia, magram ratom aqvs mas qristianuli wodeba ̀ episko-

posi~? garda amisa, sxva qarTul matianeSi, `moqcevaA qarTlisaASi~, aRniS-

nulia, rom ran-qarTlis pitiaxSma barzabodma qarTl-ranis erisTavad daniSna

glonoqori. SeiZleba ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ ̀ binqaran~ igivea, rac, ̀ moqcevaA

qarTlisaAs~ ̀ glonoqori~, marTlac, orives ran-qarTlis erisTavi barzabo-

di agzavnis saqarTveloSi. qaragmebi binqaran _ `bnqrn~ da glonoqor _

`glnqr~ erTmaneTs Zalian hgavs, orive qaragmaSi meordeba erTi da igive

Tanxmovnebi _ `nqr~, SeiZleba qaragmebi mematianeebma sxvadasxvagvarad

gaxsnes. orive es episkoposi vaxtang gorgaslis epoqaSi moRvaweobs — ̀ da

merme mefobda mirdat da mTavarebiskoposi iyo glonoqor da ese mTavare-


biskoposi erisTvadca iyo barzabod pitiaxSisagan qarTls da hereTs. da

misa Semdgomad mefobda didi vaxtang gorgasali...~89

`maSin barzabod warmogzavna... episkoposad binqaran... da Seeria qarTlis

wurilsa ersa cecxlismsaxureba. amisTYs mwuxare iyo sagduxt dedofali,

aramed mZlavrebisagan sparsTasa veras ikadrebda. maSin moiyvana mRdeli

WeSmariti saberZneTiT, saxeliT miqael da daadgina igi episkoposad zemo-

sa eklesiasa, rameTu mobidan episkoposi gardacvalebul iyo. da ese miqael

episkoposi winaaRudga binqaran macTursa, rameTu aswavebda yovelTa qarTvel-

Ta sjulsa WeSmaritsa. aman ipyrna sarwmunoebasa zeda yovelni warCineb-

ulni da erica umravlesi, aramed mciredni vinme wurilisa erisaganni

miiqces cecxlismsaxurebasa...~90

orive episkoposs, rogorc miqaels, ise binqarans, sapatio mdgomareoba

eWiraT mefis karze. amas miuTiTebs samefo darbazobis dros orive episko-

posis taxtze, `saydarze~ jdoma. aRsaniSnavia, rom am darbazobis dros

taxtebze mxolod mefe, spaspeti da es ori episkoposi isxdnen. _ ̀ ganmzada

mefeman saxli erTi da dajda saydarTa zeda maRalTa, xolo juanSer

spaspeti da ornive episkoposi dasxdes saydarTave da sxuani yovelni

erisTavni dasxdes selebiTa, da aTasisTavni da asisTavni da yoveli eri

warmodges ze~. uTuod, V saukunis I naxevarSi qarTlSi arsebobda ori

saeklesio frTa _ proberZnuli da prosparsuli orientaciisa. qarTveli

mefeebi xan erT mimdinareobas uWerdnen mxars, xan ki meores, magaliTad,

mefeebis varaz-baqaris, mirdatis da sxvebis damokidebuleba proberZnulad

ganwyobili samRvdeloebis mimarT, cxadia, ise keTilganwyobili ar iqneboda,

rogorc berZnebis moyvaruli mefeebis arCilisa, vaxtang gorgaslisa da

misi dedis sagduxtisa.

SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom proberZnuli orientaciis samRvdeloebis cen-

tri iyo mcxeTis samTavro _ `zemo eklesia~, xolo prosparsul samRvde-

loebas, albaT, mcxeTaSive sxvagan hqonda centri (mogvTas). saberZneTidan

Camoyvanili `mRvdeli WeSmariti~ miqaeli sagduxt dedofalma `daadgina

episkoposad zemosa eklesiasa~.

am miqaelze matianeSi naTqvamia, rom is `aswavebda yovelTa qarTvelTa

sjulsa WeSmaritsa...~, is iyo ̀ WeSmariti mRvdeli~. Cans, proberZnuli orien-

taciis samRvdeloebas uwodebda mematiane ̀ WeSmarits~. amitomac, roca igive

mematiane ambobs, rom mirian mefidan vaxtang gorgaslamde episkoposebi

`wessa zeda WeSmaritsa gardacvalebulni~ iyvnen rvanio, Cans, ̀ WeSmaritis~

qveS swored proberZnuli orientaciis episkoposebs Tvlida.

miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTul eklesiaSi proberZnuli orientacia sak-

maod Zlieri iyo, es sakmarisad ar miuCnevia bizantias da vaxtang gorgas-

lis siymawvilisas, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, miutacnia saqarTvelos miwa-

wyali egriswylidan cixe-gojamde _ `ara keTilad pyrobisaTvis qristian-


uli sjulisa da iovanes mcnebisa~. `iovanes mcnebaSi~ swored proberZnu-

li orientacia igulisxmeba.

rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, qarTul eklesiaSi Seqmnili mdgomareobis mizezad

bizantiis imperators da konstantinopolis patriarqs miuCneviaT sparsTa

da berZenTa Soris `SfoTi~, omianoba. am ganuwyveteli omis gamo `ver

moawies saqme ese jerisaebr sjulisa~,91 _ weren isini.

unda davaskvnaT: IV saukunis 70-iani wlebis bolodan V saukunis 60-70-

ian wlebamde, qarTli iranis mier daxarkuli da zogjer dapyrobili

qveyana iyo. am dros sparseTi nebas ar miscemda qarTvel samRvdeloebas

ierarqiuli kavSiri hqonoda berZnul eklesiasTan. amitomac am epoqaSi

qarTuli eklesia berZnuli eklesiisagan damoukidebeli unda yofiliyo.

saeklesio-sarwmunoebrivi viTareba saqarTvelossakaTalikosos daarsebisas

V saukuneSi mowveul iqna ori msoflio saeklesio kreba. orive kreba,

ase Tu ise, Seexo eklesiaTa avtokefaliis (damoukideblobis) sakiTxs. unda

aRiniSnos, rom am krebaTa gadawyvetilebebi kargad uCvenebs, Tu rogor

icvleboda Sexeduleba eklesiaTa avtokefaliis Sesaxeb am saukuneSi. ma-

galiTad, Tu efesos 431 wlis krebam sagangebo kanoni miuZRvna saerTod

eklesiaTa avtokefaliis mtkiced da upirobod dacvis aucileblobas, ker-

Zod ki, daicva kviprosis patara eklesiis Tavisufleba, qalkedonis 451

wlis krebam gauqmebulad scno sami eklesiis (asiis, pontosa da Trakiis)

TavisTavadoba konstantinopolis sasargeblod.

imperator Teodosi mciris (408-450) mowveviT 431 wels efesoSi Catarda

mesame msoflio kreba, kirile aleqsandrielis TavmjdomareobiT. krebam

ganixila konstantinopolis arqiepiskoposis nestoris wvaleba. nestori,

romelic krebaze ar gamocxadda, daamxes, xolo misi moZRvreba eretikulad

gamocxadda.

krebaze sxva sakiTxebis gverdiT gairCa kviproseli episkoposis rigino-

sis saCivari ioane antioqiel episkoposze. miuxedavad imisa, rom kviprosis

eklesia ZvelTaganve avtokefaluri eklesia iyo, antioqiis eklesia Seecada

daemorCilebina igi. kviprosis eklesia mociqulTa droidan TavisTavadi

eklesia iyo da mas ZvelTaganve damoukidebeli episkoposi marTavda, romelic

am kunZulis episkoposTa mier iyo arCeuli. amgvari qmedeba iyo kanonikuri

aqti, ganmtkicebuli nikeis krebis im dadgenilebiT, romlis mixedviTac, yvela

eklesias (saeklesio ̀ samTavroebs~ anu provinciaTa da diocezTa eklesiebs)

SenarCunebuli hqonda sakuTari upiratesoba marTva-gamgeobis mxriv.

IV saukuneSi, nikeis krebis garda, sxva adgilobrivma krebebmac gamosces

sagangebo kanonebi eklesiaTa (igulisxmeba patara eklesiebi) avtokefaliis


dacvis mizniT. 381 wlis II msoflio krebamac gamosca amgvari kanoni _ me-

2 kanonma II msoflio krebisa, (swored im krebisa, romelmac Camoayaliba

marTlmadidebluri swavleba erTiani eklesiis Sesaxeb), saerTod aukrZala

yvela adgilobriv eklesias gaevrcelebina Tavisi iurisdiqcia Tavisi

sazRvrebis gareT... istoria cxadyofs, rom am krebis dros TviTmyofadi,

avtokefalurni iyvnen eklesiebi, romis imperiis yvela provinciaSi (daax-

loebiT 100) Tu ara, yovel SemTxvevaSi, imperiis 14-ve diocezSi~.92

II msoflio krebam me-2 kanonSi daasaxela kidec zogierTi avtokefal-

uri eklesia _ aleqsandriisa, antioqiisa, asiisa, pontosa da Trakiisa maTi

sazRvrebiT.93

`magram bizantiis imperiis farglebSi Semavali erovnuli eklesiebis

saepiskoposoebidan yvela ver axerxebda damoukideblobis SenarCunebas.

maT ar Sveloda dasaxelebul krebaTa dadgenilebani, Tavi damoukideblad

egrZnoT. imperiis farglebSi moqceul eklesiaTa Soris adridanve damyar-

da urTierToba, romelic dafuZnebuli iyo ama Tu im eklesiis SedarebiT

siZliereze da am qalaqTa politikur mniSvnelobaze, am qalaqis94 qris-

tianuli Temis saerTo saeklesio avtoritetze. am pirobebis gamo pirvel-

obda imperiis aRmosavleT nawilSi antioqiis episkoposi. Tumca, nikeis

krebis dadgenilebaTa Semdeg es pirveloba mxolod pativis gamomxatveli

unda yofiliyo da ara realuri Zalauflebisa~.95

431 wels mowveulma III msoflio krebam, eklesiaTa avtokefaliis dasaca-

vad, sagangebo kanoni im mizezis gamo gamosca, rom am droisaTvis (ise,

rogorc wina saukuneSi) zogierTi didi eklesia cdilobda daemorCilebina

sxva patara adgilobrivi eklesiebi. s. troicki wers, _ `roca zogierTi

didi eklesia Seecada daemorCilebina sxva patara adgilobrivi eklesiebi,

mociqulTa swavlis erTgulma da RvTis suliT ganaTlebulma msoflios

episkoposTa krebam aRkveTa aseTi mcdelobani. roca didi antioqiis ekle-

sias surda daemorCilebina patara kviprosis eklesia, III msoflio krebam,

Tavis me-8 kanonSi, daaxasiaTa aseTi mcdeloba, rogorc ̀ saqme gareSe wesTa

saeklesioTa da kanonisa wmidaTa mamaTaAsa (Cans, igulisxmeba mociqulTa

35-e kanoni), ganaxlebuli (e.i. warmoqmnili) da Tavisuflebisa yovelTaAsa

ganmryuneli~, rogorc sazogado avadmyofoba, romelsac esaWiroeba Zlieri

mkurnaloba, radganac SeuZlia didi zianis motana, _ `sazogado vneba,

udidesisa moqene kurnebisa, viTarca udidesTa savnebelTa mizezi~, daadgi-

na: `zedamdgomelebs kviprosis wmida eklesiebisas, dae, hqondeT Tavisu-

fleba iZulebis gareSe, wmida mamaTa kanonebisa da Zveli Cueulebis Tanax-

mad, TviTonve daadginon Tavisive RvTismoSiSi episkoposebi.96

magram kreba ar Semoifargla kviprosis eklesiis sakiTxis gadawyvetiT,

aramed gamoitana saerTo kategoriuli gansazRvreba yvela eklesiis av-

tokefaliis xelSeuxeblobis Sesaxeb: `romeli-ese sxuaTaca gansagebelTa


(e.i. olqTa) da yovliT kerZoTa samTavroTa (e.i. mitropolia, eparqia) Sina

dacvul iyavn ucvaleblad. vinaAca numca vin RvTismoyuareTa episkoposTa-

gani miitacebs sxuasa samTavrosa, romeli pirveliTganve da zemoATgan (e.i.

Tavidanve) ara mis queSe da missa uwinaresTa saydris mpyrobelTa queSe

ganwesebul iyos (e.i. mis an mis win myofi episkoposis xel qveS ar iyo),

aramed ukueTu vinme miitaca da Kelmwifebasa TYssa queSe yo iZulebiT,

kualad ganaTavisuflenin igi~.

Semdeg kreba iZleva dasabuTebas Tavisi dadgenilebisa: `raATa arca kan-

onsa mamaTasa gardaKden, arca saxesa Sina mRvdelobisasa zuaobaA soflio-

Asa mTavrobis moyvareobisaA ipoos, arca warvwymidoT TavisuflebaA mcired-

mcired damviwyebelTa misTa, romeli TYsiTa sisxliTa moguaniWa Cuen ufal-

man Cuenman iesu qristeman, ganmanTavisuflebelman yovelTa kacTaman~.97

amis Semdeg kreba akeTebs saerTo daskvnas, uCvenebs praqtikul zomas

yvela eklesiis avtokefaliis uzrunvelyofisaTvis da dasasrul, acxadebs

arakanonierad yovelgvar dadgenilebas momavalSi, romelic sawinaaRmdego

iqneba am dadgenilebisa: `sTnda wmida da msofliosa krebas, rom yvela

samTavrom (eparqiam) wmidad unda daicvas misadmi Tavidanve miniWebuli

ufleba, ZvelTaganve ganmtkicebuli Cveuleba. TiToeulma mitropolitma waiRos

am dadgenilebis asli. xolo Tu vinme am gansazReruli kanonis sawinaaRm-

dego wess SemoiRebs, mas daumtkiceblad Tvlis wmida msoflio kreba~.98

qalkedonis 451 wels Catarebuli IV msoflio kreba garkveuli Tval-

sazrisiT (igulisxmeba eklesiebis avtokefaliis dacva) gansxvavdeboda 431

wels Catarebuli efesos III msoflio krebisagan. da es gansxvaveba TvalSi

sacemi iyo. marTalia, 451 wlis krebas raime sagangebo kanoni ar gamoucia

da amiT ar SeuzRudavs eklesiaTa avtokefalia, magram man uCvena magaliTi

imiT, rom konstantinopolis eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Seiyvana sami eklesia

_ asiis, pontosa da Trakiis da amiT oficialurad scno am eklesiaTa

avtokefaliis gauqmeba.

asiis, pontosa da Trakiis eklesiebi uZvelesi avtokefaluri eklesiebi

iyvnen da isini didi xniT adre arsebobdnen konstantinopolis eklesiis

daarsebamde. cnobilia, rom II msoflio krebam Tavis II kanonSi moixsenia

sazRvrebi am avtokefaluri eklesiebisa, IV msoflio krebam ki, rogorc

aRvniSneT, am eklesiaTa avtokefalia saerTod gaauqma.

Tu III msoflio kreba Tavis me-8 kanonSi miiCnevda, rom yoveli mitropo-

lia (eparqia, samTavro) `ZvelTaganve ganmtkicebuli Cveulebis Tanaxmad~

avtokefaluri, srulebiT damoukidebeli eklesia iyo, rac miiCneoda ̀ Tavidanve

miniWebul uflebad~, VI msoflio krebam (681) Tavis 36-e kanoniT daadgina

xuTi mTavari avtokefaluri eklesiis rangi. es imas niSnavs, rom V-VII

saukuneebSi Seicvala Sexeduleba eklesiaTa avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. safuZ-

veli Caeyara Semdgom saukuneebSi gavrcelebul Teorias ̀ pentarqiis~ Sesaxeb,


anu msoflios ganawilebis Sesaxeb xuT avtokefalur eklesias Soris.

Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom aseTi Teoria IV msoflio krebas ar Camouyal-

ibebia da ar gamoucia raime kanoni msoflios 5 eklesias Soris ganawileb-

is Sesaxeb. aseve 36-e kanonSi VI msoflio krebam ubralod CamoTvala im

dros rom-bizantiis imperiaSi arsebuli 5 mTavari eklesia. niSnavda Tu

ara es imas, rom am krebam CamoTvlil 5 mTavar eklesias msoflio gaunaw-

ila? ar niSnavda, radganac amave VI krebam Tavis 39-e kanonSi daadastura

kviprosis eklesiis avtokefalia. e.i. kreba Tvlida, rom savaldebulo ar

aris avtokefaluri eklesiebis ricxvi ganisazRvros mxolod xuTi eklesi-

iT, aramed SeiZleba am ricxvis gazrda.

am sakiTxze (msoflios 5 sapatriarqos Soris ganawilebis Teoriaze)

imitom SevCerdiT, rom Zveladac da amJamadac TeologTa erTi nawili

iyenebs am Teorias didi sapatriarqoebis sasargeblod.

antioqia aRmosavleTSi upirvelesi eklesia iyo, romelic Tavis gavlenas

TiTqmis mTel aRmosavleTze avrcelebda. es faqti srulebiT mouTmeneli

iyo imperiis axali dedaqalaqis konstantinopolis eklesiisaTvis. Tu anti-

oqia udidesi eklesia iyo, konstantinopolis episkoposi IV saukunisaTvis,

SeiZleba iTqvas, diocezis gareSe iyo.

konstantinopolis daarsebamde antioqia imperiis umTavresi qalaqi iyo

aRmosavleTSi, amitomac misi eklesia gaZlierda.

imis Semdeg, roca 330 wels umniSvnelo qalaqi bizantioni imperiis axal

dedaqalaqad gamocxadda da konstantinopoli ewoda, ̀ dRis wesrigSi dad-

ga, `axali romis~ episkopossac Rirseuli adgili daekavebina imperiis

episkoposTa Soris. marTlac, 381 wels konstantinopolSi gamarTulma II

msoflio krebam, imperiis aRmosavleTSi mdebare eklesiaTa Soris konstan-

tinopolis episkoposs pirveli adgili miakuTvna. Semdeg es daadastura

IVkrebis 28-e kanonma, iustinianes 131-e novelam da trulis krebis 36-e

kanonma. II msoflio krebis me-3 kanoni, romis episkoposis Semdeg, konstan-

tinopolis episkoposs yvelaze maRla ayenebs, Tumca, kanonma konstantinop-

olis episkoposis iurisdiqcias arc erTi olqi ar dauqvemdebara.~99

romis episkoposis Semdeg aqamde aleqsandriisa da antioqiis episko-

posebs ayenebdnen, amitomac II krebis gansazRvreba — `konstantinopolis

episkoposs, dae, hqondes upiratesoba Rirsebisa romis episkoposis Semdeg,

radganac konstantinopoli axali romia~, konstantinopols amaRlebda

aleqsandriasTan SedarebiT da mcirdeboda aqamde aRmosavleTSi pirvelo-

bis mqone antioqiac — `aq aqcenti aris ara romTan brZolaze, aramed

aleqsandriasTan SedarebiT amaRlebaze. magram amiT usityvod mcirdeboda

agreTve mTel aRmosavleTSi pirvelobis mqone antioqia.~100

miuxedavad amisa, ̀ konstantinopolis episkoposi diocezis gareSe rCebo-

da, mxolod 451 wels qalkedonis IV msoflio krebaze miiRo konstantinop-


olis patriarqma anatolim (449-458) antioqiis patriarq maqsimedan (451-

455) aziis yvela olqi skutridan galatiamde~.101

a. kartaSevi, cnobili kanonisti, vfiqrob, mkacrad wers: konstantinopo-

lis episkoposs hqonda umciresi eparqia erTi dedaqalaqis sazRvrebSi da

formalurad damokidebuli iyo aseve mcire herakliis mitropolitze...

(maS, rogorRa SeeZlo gaevrcelebina mas Tavisi iurisdiqcia qarTul ekle-

siaze? m.a.j) konstantinopols ar gaaCnda araviTari saeklesio warsuli,

araviTari damsaxureba eklesiisa da marTlmadideblobis winaSe, garda

erTi gamaRizianebeli pretenziisa, yofiliyo daupatiJebeli meTauri ek-

lesiisa — saxelmwifo xelisuflebis iaraRi... TavianTi episkoposebis sasa-

marTloTi ukmayofilo wvrili eri (samRvdeloni da berebi) miedineboda

imperiis dedaqalaq konstantinopolSi (imperatorTan) da sadavo saqmes

asaCivrebdnen mis karze, am qalaqis (konstantinopolis) ierarqis Suamdgo-

mlobiT... amitomac am ierarqis mniSvneloba... avtomaturad amaRlda mTel

eklesiaze, rogorc eklesiis gasaxelmwifoebriobis Sedegi... konstantinop-

olis episkoposs qalaqis garda ar hqonda Tavisi saeparqio teritoriac

ki... garkveuli xnis Semdeg konstantinopolma miierTa mTeli diocezebi:

Trakia (aRmosavleTis ilirikia), biTvinia, ponto, asia mohyvnen misi dawolis

orbitaSi da misces mas teritoria mTeli sapatriarqosaTvis. aseTi uneb-

uri avtomaturi dapyroba, aseTi araeklesiuri `imperializmi~ konstanti-

nopolis eklesiis xelisuflebisa ar SeiZleboda dausjeli darCeniliyo

mis mier STanTqmulTa da ganawyenebulTa mxridan~.102

konstantinopolis eklesiis sazRvrebis gazrdam Seamcira antioqiis ek-

lesiis sazRvrebi. ierusalimis sapatriarqos warmoqmnam V saukuneSi kidev

ufro Seamcira antioqiis eklesiis gavlenis sfero. V saukunemde ierusal-

imis episkoposi ganixileboda qalaq kesaria-palestinis episkoposis xelqveiT.

`V saukunis damdegs, qristianTa TvalSi, ierusalimisa da wmida miwis

didi mniSvnelobis gamo, ierusalimis eklesia romis, aleqsandriisa da

antioqiis eklesiaTa msgavsad, mociqulTa Tanaswor eklesiad iqna cnob-

ili... magram samwysos gareSe da mxolod 451 wels qalkedonis msoflio

saeklesio krebaze maqsime antioqielma ierusalimis episkopos iubenals

(422-458) dauTmo palestina.~103

451 wlis msoflio krebis 26 oqtombris sxdomaze gadaWril iqna sakiTxi

antioqiisa da ierusalimis sapatriarqoebs Soris sazRvrisa... ierusalimis

sazRvrebi gafarTovda antioqiis xarjze. antioqias darCa e.w. ori finikia

(libani da siria) da ganusazRvreli arabeTi, xolo ierusalimma miiRo

`sami palestina~ sami samitropolito centriT: kesaria (zRvasTan), skviTo-

polisi (samxreTi palestina) da petra (iordaniis gaRma).

31 oqtombris sxdomaze ixileboda sakiTxi konstantinopolis sapatri-

arqosi. `daadgines, dakanondes Seqmnili praqtika, roca episkoposebi kon-


stantinopolis mezobeli diocezebi Trakiisa (evropul mxareSi), pontosa

da asiisa (mcire aziaSi) TiTqmis ar ganisjebodnen TavianTi mitropolitis

mier, aramed umjobesad miiCnevdnen, mieRoT imperatoris karis samarTali,

xolo is gadascemda dedaqalaqis arqiepiskoposis sasamarTlos.104 amrigad,

am sami diocezis prestiJi TiTqosda Caylapa mTlianad konstantinopolma.

e.i. dedaqalaqis episkoposi dasva konstantine didma Zveli herakliis

mitropoliis im teritoriaze, romelic axal dedaqalaqs ekuTvnoda da

romelsac axla ukve sami diocezi miekuTvna ise, rom ar Sexebia antioqiis,

ierusalimis da aleqsandriis gavlenis sazRvrebs.105 amis winaaRmdeg araf-

ris gakeTeba ar SeiZleboda, radganac ukve iyo faqtiuri mdgomareoba, me-9

da me-17 kanonebSi es asaxulia, xolo axalma mdgomareobam asaxva hpova

28-kanonSi (pontos diocezSi Sediodnen ankirisa da kapadokiis kesariis

episkoposebi). 28-e kanoni uaryo papma da arasodes ucvnia romis eklesias,

amitomac imperiis aRmosavleTis 520-ma episkoposma werili gaugzavna paps,

sadac sTxoven: `Cven davamtkiceT Zveli Cveuleba, romlis ZaliTac kon-

stantinopolis episkoposi svamda mitropolitebs asiis, pontosa da Traki-

is diocezebSi, es gavakeTeT ara konstantinopolis kaTedris privilegii-

saTvis, aramed samitropolito qalaqebSi simSvidisaTvis. Cven davamtkiceT

II msoflio krebis kanoni, romelic garantias aZlevs konstantinopols me-

2 adgilisa, Tqveni samociqulo kaTedris Semdeg~.106

`pontos did diocezSi, romelic gadaWimuli iyo bosforidan evfratamde,

ar iyo erTi saerTod aRiarebuli administraciuli centri, erTni miiCnevd-

nen kesaria-kapadokias, meoreni _ ankiras, mesameni uqvemdebarebdnen TavisTavs

konstantinopols. amitomac, mcire aziaSi gamoCndnen olqebi da qalaqebi,

romelTac TavianTTvis moxerxebulad da sasargeblod miiCnies, miemarTaT

pirdapir dedaqalaqisaTvis, aseTia biTinia, rogorc nawili pontos diocez-

isa. biTiniaSi Semavali qalaqi qalkedoni iqca konstantinopolis gareub-

nad. saerTod, mTeli mcire aziis episkoposebi yovelTvis dedaqalaqSi

iyvnen, mis arqiepiskoposTan, kaTedrasTan, TaTbirobdnen mis mimdinare ambe-

bze, aqve gadmohqondaT TavianTi kamaTi da adgilobrivi saqmeebi. amitom man

asaxva hpova IV msoflio krebis me-9 da me-17 kanonebSi, romlis Tanaxma-

dac, aRmosavleTSi TavianTi diocezebis (olqebis) krebebis gadawyvetilebiT

ukmayofiloTaTvis umaRlesi saapelacio instancia iyo konstantinopolis

saydari (kaTedra), magram es exeboda aRmosavleTis mxolod im nawils,

romelic ar Sedioda sxvis sapatriarqoebSi. krebas ar ufiqria aseTi

saapelacio ufleba dedaqalaqisa sxva sapatriarqoebzedac gaevrcelebina

arc egvipteze, arc siriaze, arc ilirikiaze evropaSi~.107

papma zemoT moyvanil werilze upasuxa: a) konstantinopolis aRzevebis

motivi saeroa da ara eklesiuri, xom SeiZleba dedaqalaqi sxvagan yofil-

iyo? magaliTad, samefo kari axla ravenaSia, ravena gavuTanabroT roms? b)


amiT dairRva kanonikuri ufleba antioqiisa da aleqsandriisa, rogorc

samociqulo kaTedrebisa. g) dairRva mitropoliebis Rirseba nikeis krebis

me-6 kanonis Tanaxmad. d) 381 wlis krebis me-3 kanonze miTiTeba miuRebelia,

radganac am krebas ar cnobs romi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom papisgan IV krebis dadgenilebis damtkiceba (28-e

kanonis gamo) ar miiRo, imperatorma markianem mainc daamtkica qalkedonis

krebis es dadgenileba. Semdeg is papmac daamtkica. 28-e kanonze dadumda,

TiTqosda arc arsebuliyo. aRmosavleTSi es kanoni ZalaSi Sevida.108 kon-

stantinopolma, marTalia, miiRo sami eklesia 451 wels, magram es imas ar

niSnavda, rom man moipova msoflios sxva sapatriarqoebze zedgomis ufle-

ba. kanonisti ioane zonara (XII s-is II naxevari) qalkedonis me-17 kanonis

ganmartebaSi wers, rom konstantinopolis patriarqs ar SeeZlo siriis an

palestinis, finikiis an egviptis mitropolitTa saqme gaerCia maTi survi-

lis gareSe.109

`me-12 saukunis komentatori ioane zonara qalkedonis me-17 kanonis

ganmartebisas uaryofs konstantinopolis sapatriarqos msaxuris aleqsi

aristines ganmartebas. TiTqosda am krebis me-9 kanoni aZlevs konstanti-

nopolis patriarqs uflebas gaasamarTlos yvela sxva sapatriarqoebis

mitropolitebi.~110

TviT konstantinopolis eklesiis oficialuri kanonikuri krebuli —

piladioni, kerZod, wers. `konstantinopolis patriarqs ara aqvs ufleba

imoqmedos sxva sapatriarqoTa sazRvrebSi da diocezebSi, arsebuli kanon-

ebiT mas ara aqvs ufleba mTeli msoflio eklesiis saboloo apelaciuri

instanciisa...~111

cnobilia, rom vaxtang gorgasalma mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli, romelmac

mefes Seuracxyofa miayena, dasasjelad gagzavna konstantinopolSi, imperi-

is dedaqalaqSi. vaxtangma uTxra miqaels _ `migavlino Sen patriarqisa

konstantinopoled da viTarca jer iyos, gangikiTxos.~112 amitomac qalkedonis

krebis me-9 kanonTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba daisvas aseTi kiTxva: _ xom ar

daicva vaxtang gorgasalma me-9 kanonis moTxovna, romelSic, kerZod, naTqvamia:

`Tu romelime sasuliero pirs samarTlebrivi saqme hqondes sxva sasuliero

pirTan, gverds nu auvlis Tavis episkoposs da samoqalaqo samsjavros winaSe

nu wardgeba... Tu samTavros mitropolitTan episkoposs an sasuliero pirs

hqondes samarTlebrivi saqme, im mxaris egzarqoss (patriarqs), an konstanti-

nopolis sameufo saydars mimarTon da mis winaSe ganisajon.~

rogor unda moqceuliyo gorgasali im situaciaSi, rodesac saeklesio

`samTavros~ meTaurma dawyevla igi da kbili Caumtvria? Tu is fizikurad

dasjida da gauswordeboda, amiT ukmayofilo darCeboda qristiani mosax-

leoba, romelic qveynis umravlesobas Seadgenda. qristianTa momdureba

sparseTTan saomari mdgomareobis dros ar ivargebda. SeiZleba amitomac


vaxtangma gaixsena qalkedonis krebis is kanoni (me-9), romelic mouwodebda,

rom saeklesio piris samarTlebrivi saqme gaerCia ara samoqalaqo sam-

sjavros, aramed im mxaris egzarxoss (patriarqs), anda es sasuliero piri

gaegzavnaT konstantinopolSi, raTa iqaur patriarqs ganesaja.

radganac mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli TviTon iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis

meTauri, amitomac misi gansja konstantinopolis saydars miandes. vaxtang

gorgasalma daicva moTxovna qalkedonis krebis me-9 kanonisa da amiT

moigo qristianTa guli.

marTalia, zonara savsebiT samarTlianad wers, rom `konstantinopolis

patriarqs ara aqvs xelisufleba imoqmedos sxva sapatriarqoTa sazRvreb-

Si da diocezebSi~ da amitomac vaxtangi ar iyo valdebuli miqaeli kon-

stantinopolSi gaegzavna, magram saqarTveloSi Seqmnili politikuri situ-

acia (saWiro iyo qristianTa darazmva sparselebTan sabrZolvelad, vaxtan-

gi apirebda sparselebTan brZolisaTvis mieca sarwmunoebrivi xasiaTi)

moiTxovda did sifrTxiles amgvar sakiTxebSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom vax-

tangma Tavis sasargeblod gamoiyena qalkedonis krebis es dadgenileba da

garTulebis gareSe moiSora urCi mRvdelmTavari.

garda amisa, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, saqarTvelos uSualo mosazRvrisa

da mezoblis pontos (kesaria-kapadokiis) vrceli diocezis umaRlesi sam-

Rvdeloeba Tavis problemebsa da sakiTxebs am droisaTvis wyvetda ara

Tavis eklesiaSi (diocezSi), aramed konstantinopolSi. esec SeiZleboda

vaxtangisTvis magaliTi da impulsis mimcemi yofiliyo.

amitomac, vaxtangis moqmedebidan (miqaelis konstantinopolSi gagzavnis

gamo) ar SeiZleba iseTi daskvnis gamotana, TiTqosda im droisaTvis kon-

stantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda qarTuli eklesia.

pontos, asiisa da Trakiis diocezebis (`gansagebelTa~) episkoposebi qalke-

donis krebis droisaTvis, TiTqmis mudam, Tavis Cveulebriv da yoveldRiur

sakiTxebsac ki konstantinopoleli episkoposis karze wyvetdnen (es ekle-

siebi uSualod emijnebodnen imperiis dedaqalaqs). amitomac, wmida msof-

lio krebam mizanSewonilad miiCnia iuridiulad daekanonebina ukve arse-

buli faqti. samive eklesia oficialurad SeuerTda konstantinopolis

saydars da daarsda axali konstantinopolis sapatriarqo. amis Sesaxeb 28-e

kanoni wers: `pontos, asiis da Trakiis gansagebelTa mitropolitebma da am

mxareebSi myofma araberZnuli mosaxleobis episkoposebmac xeldasxma mi-

iRon konstantinopolis didi eklesiisagan... mitropoliti zemoxsenebuli

mxareebisa, rogorc iTqva, xeldasxmuli unda iyos konstantinopolis ar-

qiepiskoposis mier, oRond Cveulebisamebr erTxmad unda iyos arCeuli winaswar

da Semdeg warudges xeldasxmisaTvis konstantinopolis arqiepiskoposs.~113

rogorc zemomoyvanilidan (III da IV msoflio krebebis gadawyvetilebe-

bis Sedarebidan) Cans, V saukuneSi ar iyo xelsayreli pirobebi avtoke-


faluri eklesiis SeqmnisTvis. am saukunis dasawyisSi, marTalia, icaven da

sagangebo kanonebs scemen ukve arsebuli avtokefaluri eklesiebis Tavisu-

flebis dacvisaTvis, magram V saukunis Sua wlebSi uqmdeba sami eklesiis

Tavisufleba, Zlierdeba da TiTqmis mTavrdeba procesi imperiis ganawileb-

isa 5 did sapatriarqos Soris (es procesi VI saukunis dasawyisSi damTavrda),

amitomac, SeiZleba gamoiTqvas varaudi, rom konstantinopoli, romelmac im

periodSi miuerTa Tavis iurisdiqcias saqarTvelos uSualo mosazRvre pon-

to-kesaria-kapadokiis eklesia, qarTul eklesias mianiWebda ara avtokefalias,

aramed pontos msgavsad Tavis saydars miuerTebda qarTul eklesias. da Tu

im dros konstantinopolma qarTuli eklesia Tavis iurisdiqciaSi ar Seiyva-

na, mxolod im mizezis gamo, rom mas es ar SeeZlo (marTlac, rogor SeeZlo

sparseTis saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi moqceuli qarTuli eklesia bizantias

Tavis iurisdiqciaSi Seeyvana? es politikurad SeuZlebeli iyo).

antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi ki qalkedonis krebamde qarTuli eklesia ar

yofila (ix. qvemoT).

qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareobis axsnisaTvis V saukuneSi, albaT, gamodgeba

somxuri eklesia, romelic qarTuli eklesiis msgavsad, sparseTis sazRvreb-

Si iyo moqceuli.

somxeTi da saqarTvelo V saukuneSi TiTqmis Tanabar mdgomareobaSi

imyofebodnen _ orive sparsTa qveSevrdomi qveynebi iyo. Tumca, unda aRiniS-

nos, rom saqarTveloSi kidev arsebobda erovnuli saxelmwifoebrioba, xolo

somxeTSi sparselebma mefoba 428 wels gaauqmes. am mdgomareobis gamo

sparseTi aqtiurad ereoda saqarTvelosa da somxeTis saeklesio saqmeebSi.

jer kidev somxeTSi mefobis gauqmebamde, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, 420-iani

wlebisTvis somxeTis kaTalikosebs iranis Sahi niSnavda. igive iTqmis qarTuli

eklesiis Sesaxebac _ V saukunis dasawyisSi qarTuli eklesiis meTauri

glonoqori (`moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ Tanaxmad) sparseli xelisuflis mier

qarTl-albaneTis erisTavadac iyo daniSnuli, xolo mTavarepiskoposi mo-

bidani (436-448) aSkarad gamoxatuli prosparsuli orientaciis matarebe-

li iyo, mas `naTesaviT sparssac~ ki uwodebdnen. amitom SeuZlebelia da

warmoudgenelic kia, 451 wlamde mainc (somxeTis cnobil ajanyebamde, rom-

lis Semdegac irani wavida daTmobaze da aRadgines sarwmunoebrivi Tavisu-

fleba), qarTul eklesias organizaciuli kavSiri hqonoda bizantiis im-

periis eklesiebTan da romelime bizantiuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi yo-

filiyo. aseT kavSirs irani ar dauSvebda (igulisxmeba organizaciuli da

ara sarwmunoebrivi kavSiri). es imas ar niSnavs, rom CvenSi im dros ar iyo

proberZnuli saeklesio frTa, iseve rogorc prosparsuli orientaciisa.

gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom qarTveli mefeebi aRniSnul dros rogorc

bizantiis, ise sparseTis mimarT mtrulad iyvnen ganwyobilni. magaliTad,

mefe farsmani, romelmac irans xarki Seuwyvita da bizantias ebrZoda. aseve


mefe mirdati, romelic iransac ebrZoda da bizantiasac. iranelebi yovelTvis

amarcxebdnen maT winaaRmdeg ganwyobil qarTvel mefeebs da qarTls kvlav

imorCilebdnen. swored am dros isini qarTul eklesiaSic sakuTar wesr-

igs amyarebdnen. rogorc aRiniSna, glonoqors, qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs,

sparselebma qarTl-hereTis erisTavis funqciac mianiWes. e.i. qarTuli ek-

lesiis meTaurs mianiWes is funqcia, romelic qarTvelTa mefes ekuTvnoda.

eklesia da samefo xelisufleba erTmaneTs daupirispires. V saukunis

reformamdeli ierarqebi _ glonoqori, mobidani da miqaeli (452-467) —

qarTvelTa mefis winaaRmdeg arian ganwyobilni da ibrZvian kidec yoveli

saSualebiT mefis winaaRmdeg (mag. miqaeli). arc is aris dasaviwyebeli, rom

sparseTi qarTlis erisTavebs aqezebda qarTvelTa mefis winaaRmdeg. erisTave-

bi mefes ebrZodnen, maT surdaT sakargavi Tanamdeboba da mamuli memkvi-

dreobiT daemtkicebinaT, rasac marTlac miaRwies VI saukunis dasawyisSi,

mefobis gauqmebis Semdeg.

`erisTavi~ glonoqoric, rogorc sparsTagan daniSnuli, qarTveli erisTave-

bis gverdiT unda mdgariyo mefis xelisuflebasTan brZolisas.

somexi episkoposi g. sarqisiani Tavis wignSi, romelic Seexeba V saukune-

Si somxuri eklesiis mdgomareobas, gadmoscems: `rac Seexeba qveynis saSi-

nao mdgomareobas, arc aq iyo simSvide, mefesa da msxvil naxararebs Soris

politikuri brZola warmoebda. naxararebi qveynis decentralizaciisaTvis

ibrZodnen. sparselebi im mTavrebs emxrobodnen, romelnic qveynis cen-

tralizaciis winaaRmdegni iyvnen da somxuri eklesiis im liderebs emya-

rebodnen, romelnic siriul tradicias uWerdnen mxars... (387-90w.) somxeTis

gayofis Semdeg sparselebi yovelmxriv xels uwyobdnen somxeTSi siriuli

kulturis gavrcelebas... berZnuli ena da kultura somxeTSi sastikad iyo

akrZaluli... sparselni siriul qristianobas mfarvelobdnen bizantielTa

sapirispirod.~114

arseni safareli kargad aRwers somxuri eklesiisa da sparselebis urTier-

Tobas V saukuneSi — `sparseTma somxeTi daipyro... maSin gamoZebnes Rone

somxebma, SeuTanxmdnen sparseTs, rom misi moxarke gaxdebodnen. daarwmunes

sparsTa mefe didi ficiT da TavisdebiT, rom kavSirs gawyvetdnen berZnebTan da

SeuerTdebodnen maT. Zlier gaixara sparsTa mefem da somxebs somxeTi daubru-

na saCuqrebTan erTad. ramdenime xans somxebi mSvidobiT cxovrobdnen marTali

sarwmunoebiT anu berZnuli rjuliT~.115

uTuod arseni safareli aq gulisxmobs somxeTis kaTalikos sahakis (397-448)

dros. sahaki 51 weli kaTalikosobda, mis dros eklesiasa da erSi simSvide iyo.

es iyo somxeTis `oqros saukune~. arseni safarelis mixedviT, am dros somxebs

berZnebTan kavSiri gawyvetili aqvT, magram maT, amave dros, aqvT `berZnuli

rjuli~. e.i. somxeTsa da mis eklesias bizantiasTan gawyvetili aqvs poli-

tikur-ierarqiuli kavSiri, magram sarwmunoebrivi erToba ki daculi aqvs.


`nestorianebma didZali oqrosa da qrTamis micemiT sTxoves sparsTa

mefes, raTa maTTvis mieca neba somxeTi moeqciaT nestorianul rjulze.

gandrikes mefis guli da daarwmunes imaSi, rom `raJams ipovnian somxebi

saberZneTTan erTobis saSualebas, ar moeridebian Sendami mocemul ficsa

da siyvarulze Tavisdebas. berZnebi da somxebi SeerTebuli ZaliT usiam-

ovnebas mogayeneben, amitomac Seucvale somxebs rjuli, amiT berZnebsa da

somxebs Soris saukuno siyvaruls mospobo~. amis Semdeg peroz sparsTa

mefem (457-484) aiZula somxebi mieRoT nestorianoba, magram somxebma uaryves

mefis es ganzraxva, ganucxades mefis mociquls _ Cven Cveni sarwmunoeba

gvirCevnia ara marto Cvens qveyanas, aramed Cven Tavsa da Svilebso~.116 – Tu

rogori Sinagani winaaRmdegoba iyo am ̀ mSvidobian~ drosac ki, kargad Cans

somexi kaTalikosebis magaliTze. iranis Sahma gaafrTxila kidec sahaki,

rom misi probizantiuri saeklesio politika somexi eris ganadgurebis

mizezi gaxdeboda.

`sahaks orgzis mouwia qtesifonis samefo karze mosvla proberZnul

orientaciaSi dadanaSaulebis gamo da orivejer Tavi gaimarTla. miuxeda-

vad imisa, rom sahaki garegnulad iranofili iyo, rac udavod arsebuli

politikuri viTarebiT iyo Sepirobebuli, sinamdvileSi sahaki elinofili

iyo. elinofilobac iseve, rogorc iranofiloba, mas somxeTis interesebi-

saTvis esaWiroeboda.~117

423 wels somxeTis iranofilurma dasma gadawyvita daemxo da taxtidan

Camoegdo mefe, romelic elinofilad miiCneoda (mas mxars uWerda sahaki).

iranofilma naxararebma Sahs mimarTes. Sahis brZanebiT daemxo sahakic da

somexTa mefe artaSesic.

sahakis Semdeg kaTalikosad iyo siriuli (anu prosparsuli) orientaci-

is sarmaki. is antioqiuri (anu siriuli) eklesiis orientaciisa iyo, rac

imas niSnavda, rom konstantinopolis tradicias mxars ar uWerda. misi

momdevno ori kaTalikosis dros bizantiasTan, e.i. konstantinopolTan saek-

lesio kavSiri gawyda. maT Semdeg kaTalikosad, Sahis TanxmobiTa da nax-

ararTa surviliT, meored dajda sahaki. rogorc aRvniSneT, ̀ Sahma mkacrad

gaafrTxila kaTalikosi, rom misi probizantiuri saeklesio politika somexTa

ganadgurebis mizezi gaxdeboda.~ somxeTSi `kvlav ganaxlda ori qristian-

uli tradiciis brZola~118 (e.i. konstantinopoluri da siriuli (antioqi-

uri) saeklesio tradiciebisa). pirveli probizantiur, xolo meore prospar-

sul orientaciad miiCneoda. `sahakis brZnuli politikis wyalobiT siri-

ulma tradiciam marcxi ganicada~.119 proiranuli orientaciis dasi siriis

eklesiis gavlenis qveS imyofeboda.

msgavsad somxuri eklesiisa, qarTul eklesiasac im dros prosparsuli

orientaciis mTavarepiskoposebi marTavdnen _ glonoqori da mobidani.

sahakis Semdeg kaTalikosi iosebi (hosef) bizantiuri orientaciisa iyo.


msgavsadve am iosebis dros, qarTuli eklesiis meTauri gaxda bizantiuri

orientaciisave mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli (452-467).

aqedan is daskvna SeiZleba gamovitanoT, rom saqarTveloSi, iseve, rogorc

somxeTSi ori saeklesio tradicia _ proiranuli da probizantiuri erTma-

neTs ebrZvian. xelisuflebas xan erTi eufleba da xan meore...

iosebis probizantiuri politikis gamo `somxeTis saeklesio urTierTo-

bis gaRrmaveba bizantiasTan iranisaTvis saSiSi xdeboda, somexTa Seviwroe-

ba ukve 452 wlidan daiwyo.~120 mSvidoba mxolod 483 wlidan damyarda,

rodesac somexTa marzpanad vahan mamikoniani ganaCines. swored misi mmar-

Tvelobis dros (485-505) somxeTis eklesiaSi Seudgnen qalkedonis krebis

gadawyvetilebebis ganxilvas~.121

iosebis Semdeg TiTqmis yvela kaTalikosi siriul (prosparsul) saekle-

sio politikas atarebda. xolo vahan mamikonianis Semdeg, arseni safarelis

Tanaxmad, sparsTa saxelmwifom da somxurma eklesiam kavSiric ki Sehkres.

iosebis Semdegi kaTalikosi somxuri eklesiisa melite manazkerteli (454-

456) `siriuli eklesiis warmomadgeneli da misi orientaciis gamtarebeli

iyo~,122 kaTalikosi movses manazkerteli (456-461) `prosparsuli saeklesio

politikis gamtareblad gamodioda~123 `...siriuli eklesiis momxre adamianis

somexTa sakaTalikoso saydarze dasma iranis xelisuflebis meoxebiT unda

momxdariyo~;124 kaTalikosi giuti — berZnuli eklesiis mimdevari iyo, xolo

kaTalikosi mandakuni mis sapirispiro politikas icavda: `mandakuni giutis

Semdgom iyo kaTalikosi da, bunebrivia, cdilobda, ar daeSva misi Secdomebi.

im dros, roca somxeTSi SedarebiT mSvidoba sufevda, mandakuni ar aZlevda

sababs iranelebs somxeTis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad~.125

aRmosavleTis qristianul eklesiaSi (rogorc siria-palestinaSi, aseve

somxeTSi) ori saeklesio tradicia _ konstantinopolisa da siria-antioqi-

isa ebrZoda erTmaneTs. unda vifiqroT, rom aseve iyo saqarTveloSic.

antioqia siriaSi mdebareobda. konstantinopolis daarsebamde is iyo

imperiis politikuri, kulturuli da religiuri centri. iq iyo imperiis

mTeli aRmosavleTis samoqalaqo da samxedro mmarTveloba. is qristiano-

bis upirvelesi centri iyo romTan da aleqsandriasTan erTad. romi Tu

dasavleTis qristianul centrad iTvleboda, aleqsandria egviptis (af-

rikis), antioqia aRmosavleTis eklesiebis centrad miiCneoda. es imas ar

niSnavs, rom ierarqiulad aRmosavleTis yvela eklesia antioqias emor-

Cileboda, aq ufro igulisxmeba sarwmunoebriv-eklesiuri kavSiri. marTa-

lia, IX saukuneSi basili sofoneli werda, rom `antioqiis sapatriarqo

saydari iberiamde da abasgiamde, armeniamde da Sida udabnoebamde, xorasan-

sa, sparselebamde da midielebamde vrceldebodao,126 magram IX saukunis

avtori sworad ar asaxavs im viTarebas, romelic arsebobda IV-V sauku-

neebSi, radganac pontosa da Trakiis diocezebi, qalkedonis 451 wlis


krebamdec ar emorCilebodnen antioqias, aramed avtokefalurni iyvnen da

konstantinopolTan hqondaT kavSiri, xolo am krebam es diocezebi saer-

Tod miuerTa konstantinopolis saydars.

basili sofonelis cnobidan Cans, rom saqarTvelos eklesiebi (iberiamde,

anu qarTlis sakaTalikosomde da abasgiamde, anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosomde)

mis dros da masze adre ar Sediodnen antioqiaSi. misi cnobidanve Cans, rom

antioqias ar eqvemdebarebian arc somxeTi da arc sparseli qristianebi.

am cnobiT, pontosa da asiis mrevli antioqias eqvemdebareboda, magram

qalkedonis krebis Semdeg daiwyo antioqiis episkoposTa mrevlis Semcire-

ba. saerTod, rac ufro Zlierdeboda konstantinopolis sapatriarqo, miT

ufro mcirdeboda antioqiis mniSvneloba. konstantinopolma antioqias Camo-

aSora politikur-administraciuli mniSvneloba. konstantinopolis daarsebis

Semdeg antioqiam dakarga mniSvneloba, rogorc aRmosavleTis umTavresma

saeklesio centrma. magram antioqia ar urigdeboda konstantinopolis

aRzevebasa da Tavis damcrobas, amitomac ibrZoda kidec amis winaaRmdeg,

rac Tavis gamoxatvas hpovebda saeklesio cxovrebaSic.

jer kidev qalkedonis krebamde arsebuli antioqiis saRvTismetyvelo skola

upirispirdeboda imperiis sxva saRvTismetyvelo skolebs (mag. aleqsandriisas).

nestori, romelic konstantinopolis patriarqi gaxda 428 wels, antioqiis

skolis warmomadgeneli iyo, ise, rogorc misi maswavlebeli Teodore mof-

suesteli. antioqiis skolis warmomadgeneli iyo barsuma _ nestorianobis

damcveli. `449 wels e. w. `yaCaRur~ monofizitur krebaze igi icavda nesto-

rianobas. roca bizantiis imperiaSi nestorianobis damarcxebis Semdeg nesto-

rianuli eklesiis centrma sparseTSi gadainacvla, barsuma sparseTis mefeTa

agenti gaxda. perozis mefobis dros (459-484) barsumam SeZlo misi mowi-

naaRmdege sparseTis qristianuli eklesiis kaTalikos babovais damxoba da

nestorianobis gamocxadeba sparseTis eklesiis oficialur sarwmunoebad,

rac miRebul iqna beT-lapatis sparseTis eklesiis krebaze (484 w.). krebas

Tavad barsuma winamZRvrobda. barsumas mier daarsebuli nizibinis Teologiuri

skola, iseve, rogorc mTeli sparsuli nestorianuli eklesia, faqtiurad

antibizantiurad ganwyobil emigrantTa organizaciad gadaiqca~.127

antioqiuri skolis centrma sparseTSi (q. nizibinSi) gadainacvla (q. edesidan).

V saukuneSi antiantioqiuri centri iyo konstantinopoli.128 aRmosavle-

Tis qristianebi or banakad iyvnen dayofili, sxvebTan erTad arsebobdnen

antioqiuri (siriuli) orientaciis qristianebi da konstantinopoluri (bi-

zantiur-berZnuli) orientaciis qristianebi.

siriasTan (antioqia) kavSiri iranofilobas niSnavda, radganac siriul

eklesias mxars irani uWerda, xolo konstantinopolTan kavSiri elinofi-

lobas, radganac mas mxars bizantiis imperatori uWerda.

qalkedonis krebamdec ase iyo da mis Semdegac.


malxasiancis SexedulebiT, siriuli tradiciis momxreT antiqalkedonuri

pozicia ekavaT, xolo berZnuli eklesiis mimdevrebs _ qalkedonuri.129

antioqiuri skola Sedgeboda rogorc berZnebisagan, aseve sirielebisgan,

magram saerTod proiranuli da antikonstantinopoluri iyo.

`III-IV saukuneebSi sirieli misionerebi udides rols asrulebdnen somx-

uri eklesiis istoriaSi, somex swavlulTa did nawils qristianuli ga-

naTleba q. edesaSi hqonda miRebuli, romelic antioqiis skolas ekuTvno-

da~.130 antioqiur skolasa da somxur Teologebs urTierToba hqondaT.

marTalia, amis Sesaxeb wyaroebi arafers amboben 431 wlis efesos krebamde,

magram g. sarqisiani amtkicebs, rom nestoris antioqiel maswavlebels

Teodore mofsuetels, maStocisaTvis miuweria sami epistole zoroastriz-

mis winaaRmdeg.131

sayuradReboa inokenti maronies cnoba, romlis Tanaxmad, mas Semdeg, rac

nestoris moZRvreba aikrZala, misma mimdevrebma xeli mohkides nestoris

maswavleblis Teodores Sromebis siriul, sparsul da somxur enebze Targ-

mnas. inokentis am cnobidan Cans, rom somxeTSi yofilan Teodores moZRvre-

bis mimdevrebi, romelnic mis Txzulebebs Targmnidnen da avrcelebdnen.

Tumca, am moZraobis centri antioqiis skola unda yofiliyo.~132

`savaraudoa, rom Teodores somxeTSi mxars uWerda proiranuli orient-

aciis dasi, romelic siriis eklesiis gavlenis qveS imyofeboda...~133

somxeTSi nestorianobis gavrcelebis mcdelobis Sesaxeb arseni safa-

relic miuTiTebda.

antioqiasTan kavSiris Sesaxeb SeiZleba daisvas aseTi kiTxva, ratom

miuTiTeben dabejiTebiT qarTuli wyaroebi qarTuli eklesiis antioqiasTan

kavSiris Sesaxeb? romel saeklesio dasTan hqonda qarTul eklesias anti-

oqiaSi kavSiri, antikonstantinopolur saeklesio mimdinareobasTan, romel-

ic umravlesobas warmoadgenda, Tu e.w. ̀ melqitebTan~, romlebic konstanti-

nopols uWerdnen mxars?

qarTveli istorikosebi balsamonis cnobaze dayrdnobiT fiqroben, rom

qarTulma eklesiam avtokefalia miiRo antioqiis patriarq petres dros.

petre mkawvrali (knafeusi) meTaurobda antiqalkedonur opozicias. is iyo

monofizitobisTvis Tavdadebuli mebrZoli. samjer avida antioqiis sapa-

triarqo taxtze da samjerve Camoagdes. imperatorma leon I-ma (457-474)

gagzavna gadasaxlebaSi, gzidan gaipara, Cavida konstantinopolSi da gam-

arTlda, magram gagzavnes `akumitebTan~ (monasterSi), 474 wels imperator

leon I-is sikvdilis Semdeg, zenonma is ar gaaTavisufla, magram roca

vasiliskma (475-476) gandevna zenoni, petre mkawvrali 475 wels xelaxla

avida antioqiis kaTedraze, meore wels zenonma Camoagdo taxtidan vasil-

iski da petre gadaasaxla. axali patriarqi antioqiisa, stefane, monofiz-

itebma mokles wirvisas. kaTedra erTxans vakanturi iyo.


konstantinopolis imperatori zenoni (474-491) da patriarqi akaki qalke-

donizmis droSiT ibrZodnen da xedavdnen monofizitebis reaqcias egvip-

teSi, siriasa da palestinaSi. amitomac saWirod miiCnies religiuri daT-

moba _ gamosces `henotikoni~. petre mkawvrali daabrunes gadasaxlebidan

da igi meoTxed gaxda patriarqi. man miiRo `henotikoni~. manve SemoiRo

monofizituri formula samwmidaobis galobaSi `jvarcmulo jvarze~.

konstantinopolis patriarqi akaki Tavis Tavs Tvlida mTeli imperiis

eklesiis meTaurad mas Semdeg, rac miiRo ufleba pontos, Trakiisa da asiis

eklesiebze. ereoda iliriisa (evropaSi) da antioqiis saqmeebSic ki. antio-

qiisa da aleqsandriis patriarqebi misi nebiT iniSnebodnen.134

aseT viTarebaSi, roca konstantinopolis patriarqs Tavisi Tavi miaCnda

mTeli msoflio eklesiis meTaurad, roca is cdilobda antioqiis sapatri-

arqos ara gazrdas, aramed misi gavlenis sferoebis Semcirebas da ereoda

antioqiis saqmeebSi, gaugebari xdeba vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebaSi daculi

cnoba, romlis Tanaxmadac, qarTuli eklesiis momavali meTaurebi konstanti-

nopolis patriarqma sakurTxeblad gaugzavna antioqiis patriarqs, Tumca

aqedan im varaudis gamotanac SeiZleba, rom aseT viTarebaSi konstantino-

polels SeeZlo kidec daevalebina antioqielisaTvis am saqmis Sesruleba.

vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebaSi daculia werili, romelic TiTqosda kon-

stantinopolis patriarqma gaugzavna anitioqiis patriarqs. am werilis

Tanaxmad, konstantinopoli ̀ aRmosavleTsa~ da ̀ CrdiloeTs~ miiCnevs antio-

qiis sapatriarqoSi Semaval teritoriebad.

magram aRmosavleTSi konstantinopoli iurisdiqcias axorcielebda mcire

aziaze (pontosa da asiis miwebze), aseve CrdiloeTis miwebi (igulisxmeba

momavali ruseTisa da slavebis eklesiebis teritoriebi) Sedioda da Sev-

ida kidec ara antioqiis, aramed konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi, amito-

mac es werili sinamdviles ar asaxavs. CrdiloeTis mTeli teritoriebi

konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda TiTqmis XVI-XVII saukuneeba-

mde. `miuweres antioqiisa patriaqsa mefeman da patriaqman kostantinepo-

lelman esreT, viTarmed: `qarTli da aRmosavleTi da Crdilo magis wmid-

isa saydrisani arian, viTarca ganaweses mociqulTa saxarebasa Sina, romel

ars uwinaresoba.~135

unda aRiniSnos, rom mociqulebs msoflio eklesia ar gauyviaT did

eklesiaTa Soris, piriqiT, isini yoveli saeklesio Temis avtokefalias

icavdnen136 amitomac qarTlis cxovrebaSi moTavsebuli es werili asaxavs

ara realur viTarebas, aramed gamarTlebaa im mdgomareobisa, romelSic,

albaT, eklesia imyofeboda am `CanarTi~ werilis Sedgenis dros.

sxvaTa Soris, amave werilidan Cans isic, rom qarTuli eklesia wina

epoqaSi ar Sedioda antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi, rasac uZebnian gamarTlebas

da weren, rom `rameTu Soris sparsTa da berZenTa SfoTi iyo da miT ver


moawies saqme ese jerisaebr sjulisa~.137 TiTqosda `sjuli~ moiTxovda,

rom qarTli, CrdiloeTi da aRmosavleTi antioqias damorCileboda.

v. goilaZe msjelobs, rom qarTlis pirveli kaTalikosi petre vaxtang

gorgasalma gaicno bizantiis imperiis winaaRmdeg spars-qarTvelTa laSqro-

bisas 453-456 wels. am dros petre mRvdeli iyo kapadokia-qalkedonSi.

male vaxtangi sparselebTan erTad aRmosavleTSi salaSqrod wavida. 468

wels iranidan momavalma vaxtangma `...waravlina mociquli warmoyvanebad

colisa misisa da petresTYs kaTalikosisa da samoel episkoposisa~, Tan

imperators sTxova qarTlis kaTalikosad petre daemtkicebinaT. Tavis

mxriv, imperatorma petre da samoeli antioqiis patriarqTan gagzavna kurTx-

evis misaRebad, ̀ rameTu... qarTli da aRmosavleTi da Crdilo magis wmidisa

saydrisani arian, viTarca ganaweses mociqulTa~.138 roca qarTlSi gamosag-

zavni sasuliero pirebi antioqiaSi Cavidnen, qarTli diofizituri qveyana

iyo.139 petre-samoelisa da danarCeni 12 sasuliero piris kurTxeva da

qarTuli eklesiisTvis damoukideblobis micema antioqiis patriarqs ubr-

Zana imperatorma, magram am dros antioqiaSi mimdinareobda saeklesio omi

diofizitTa da monofizitTa Soris. V saukunis 70-iani wlebisTvis siriis

dedaqalaq antioqiaSi monofizitebma TandaTan upiratesoba moipoves. maT

meTaurobda petre mkawvrali (fuloni), romelic 470-71 wels antioqiis

patriarqi gaxda. imperatori leon I (457-474) qalkedonis rwmenis damkvi-

drebisaTvis ibrZoda. igi emuqreboda petre fulons, Tu ar Seicvlida

Sexedulebas, ZaliT daatovebinebda kaTedras da gadaasaxlebda. aseT dros

petres ar SeeZlo ar Seesrulebina imperatoris brZaneba qarTveli kaTa-

likosis kurTxevis Sesaxeb. imperatoris muqaris gamo petre fuloni gaiq-

ca. Semdeg v. goilaZe gamoTqvams mosazrebas, rom qarTveli qalkedoniti

samRvdeloeba, momavali kaTalikosi da episkoposebi ar ekurTxebodnen

monofiziti petres xeliT, aramed ekurTxebodnen misi xeliT im dros, roca

petre fulonma miiRo ̀ henotikoni~. antioqiis mosaxleoba saerTod monofiz-

itobas emxroboda, amitom imperatori da konstantinopolis patriarqi aka-

ki (472-489) iZulebulni gaxdnen monofizitebTan Semrigebluri pozicia

daekavebinaT. 482 wels monofizitebs `henotikoni~ (`erTobis formula~)

SesTavazes. monofizitebma, maT Soris petre fulonmac, miiRo es henotikoni,

romelic ZiriTadad mimarTuli iyo siriis, egviptis, libiisa da sxva

eklesiebisadmi.

antioqiis kaTedra imperator zenonis nebarTviT petre fulonma daibruna

da v. goilaZis azriT, amis Semdeg petre fulonma akurTxa petre kaTalikosi

da qarTul eklesias mianiWa avtokefalia _ `qarTlis moqcevidan 170 wlis

Tavze, rogorc amas qarTuli wyaroebi amtkiceben _ 487-488 wels es saqme

(qarTuli eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis miniWeba) antioqiis adgilobrivma saek-

lesio krebam petre fulonis TavmjdomareobiT dadebiTad gadawyvita~.140


rogorc v. goilaZis zemoT moyvanili msjelobidan Cans, qarTuli ekle-

sia da is berZeni samRvdeloeba, romelnic saqarTveloSi samoRvaweod

antioqiaSi unda kurTxeuliyvnen, aRniSnul dros mtkice diofiziti qalke-

donitebi iyvnen da amitomac patriarqis xeldasxmas ar miiRebdneno. savse-

biT SesaZlebelia, qarTuli eklesia aRniSnul dros, V saukunis meore

naxevarSi, marTlac qalkedonituri qveyana iyo, TviT konstantinopolic ki

im dros Zalze xSirad monofizituri gavlenis qveS iyo. zogierTi impera-

toric ki uaryofda qalkedonis krebas. imperatorma vasiliskma uaryo qalke-

donis kreba. imperiis aRmosavleTic monofizitebis xelSi iyo. aleqsandri-

aSi, siriasa da palestinaSi saerTod xalxi monofizitobis mxareze iyo da

qalkedonitebs devnidnen. TviT imperiis dedaqalaq konstantinopolSi monofiz-

itebis gavlena izrdeboda. 488 wlisTvis gamoCnda monofizitTa Soris sax-

elganTqmuli monazoni (beri) severiusi, romelic maiumSi, Razis maxloblad,

aRikveca, sadac erTgulebdnen petre iberis tradiciebs. man henotikoni

miiRo, maiumis berebi henotikons uWerdnen mxars.141

512 wels konstantinopolSi, TviT wmida sofias taZarSi Seitanes monofiz-

ituri galoba samwmidaobisa _ `romelic CvenTvis jvars ecvi~.142 qalaqSi

daiwyo brZolebi morwmune qalkedonitTa da monofizitTa Soris. 513 wels

qalaqSi Sevida dunais jarebi 60 000 jariskaciT wesrigis dasamyareblad

(moiTxovdnen monofizitTa liderebis gandevnas). 518 wels gardaicvala

imperatori anastasi. senatma daasaxela iustine I. iustine imperatorma

monofizituri galoba akrZala. mowveul iqna kreba, konstantinopoli kvlav

SeuerTda roms. imperator iustiniane didis (527-565) zeobis pirvel wleb-

Si dedaqalaqSi gaizarda monofizituri midrekileba. miwisZvris Semdeg

xalxi sajarod yviroda ̀ avgustus, dawvi qalkedonis krebis tomosi~, imper-

atorma garkveulwilad dauTmo monofizitebs. iustinianes surda erTiani

msoflio qristianuli imperiis Seqmna. misi meuRlis, Teodoras gardacvalebis

Semdeg, romelic monofizitebs mfarvelobda, iustiniane swor gzas daadga.143

rogorc zemomoyvanilidan Cans, TviT imperiis dedaqalaqic ki mtkice

qalkedonitur gezs ar icavda da zogjer TviT dedaqalaqis quCebSic ki

monofizitebi da diofizitebi erTmaneTs ebrZodnen. mTavar taZarSi monofiz-

ituri galoba iyo dakanonebuli. aseT situaciaSi Znelia mtkiceba imisa,

rom monofizitebi saerTod ar arsebobdnen saqarTveloSi. qarTuli wyaroebi

Zalze kargad weren amis Sesaxeb, xazs usvamen, rom qarTul eklesiaSi iyo

iseTive sarwmunoebrivi mimarTuleba, rogoric iyo `saberZneTSi~. es ise

unda gavigoT, rom roca `saberZneTis~ eklesia mtkiced icavda qalkedoni-

tobas, qarTuli eklesiac am dros mtkiced icavda qalkedonitobas, da

piriqiT. am wyarodan gamomdinare, Tu `saberZneTSi~ monofizitebi da di-

ofizitebi V saukunis II naxevarsa da VI saukunis dasawyisSi erTad arian

da Tanaarseboben, qarTul eklesiaSic msgavsi viTarebaa, saqarTveloSic


arseboben rogorc qalkedonituri, ise monofizituri mimarTulebani. Tumca,

SeiZleba saqarTveloSi aseT erTmaneTTan daundobel brZolas adgili ar

hqonoda, piriqiT, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom qalkedonitebi da monofizite-

bi erTiani ZaliT ebrZodnen saqarTveloSi arsebul warmarTobasa da cecx-

lTayvanismcemlobas.

rogorc iTqva, somxur eklesiaSi arsebobda siriuli (anu prosparsuli) da

konstantinopoluri (proberZnuli) mimarTuleba. male erTi frTa miemxro

monofizitebs, xolo meore qalkedonitebs. cnobilia, rom somxeTSi siriul-

monofiziturma mimarTulebam gaimarjva, xolo saqarTveloSi piriqiT, berZnul-

qalkedoniturma.

Tu rogori rwmena da qristologia hqondaT qarTvelebs aRniSnul peri-

odSi, amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs VI saukunis dasawyisSi sparseli qristianeb-

isadmi somxeTidan gagzavnili ori epistole.144 CvenSi miiCneoda, rom 506

wlis kreba iyo monofizituri, romelmac uaryo qalkedonitoba — `dvinis

506 wlis krebasTan dakavSirebiT dRes Cvens istoriografiaSi Camoyali-

bebulia sami ZiriTadi debuleba: 1. 506 wlis krebaze qarTli oficialu-

rad miemxro monofizitobas da ase darCa VII s-is damdegs qarTvelebsa da

somxebs Soris momxdar saeklesio ganxeTqilebamde. 2. dvinis saeklesio

krebam, SesaZloa, daadastura kavkasiis eklesiebis organizaciuli centris

Camoyalibeba dvinis sakaTalikosos primatobiT. 3. aRniSnuli ideologiur-

organizaciuli cvlilebebi iranis saxelmwifos gavleniT moxda~.145

z. aleqsiZe aRniSnul epistoleTa, sxva masalebisa da wyaroebis gamowv-

lilviTi analizis Semdeg daaskvnis: `kavkasiis eklesiebma Tavisi damok-

idebuleba msoflio eklesiaSi mimdinare dogmaturi kamaTisadmi pirvelad

dvinis 506 wlis saerTo krebaze gamoTqves, rogorc Cans, krebam miiRo

zenonis `henotikoni~ da mxari dauWira bizantiis keisarTa diofizitebisa

da monofizitTa Serigebis politikas, amis Semdeg, VI s-is Sua xanebamde

qarTuli da somxuri wyaroebi garkveuls arafers amboben maTi eklesiebis

mrwamsis Sesaxeb. wyaroebis aseTi siCume iribad unda mowmobdes, rom kavkasi-

is eklesiebis poziciaSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ar momxdara, an kidev

rac ufro savaraudoa, momxdari cvlileba sagangebo saeklesio krebas ar

gauformebia.~146

maSasadame, sinamdvileSi saqme SeiZleba ase iyos: 506 wlis krebam miiRo

henotikoni da antinestorianuli gadawyvetileba. sparseli nestorianebi

im droisaTvis acxadeben, rom maTac igive sarwmunoeba aqvT, rac somxebs,

qarTvelebs da berZnebso (`...ra mrwamss aRiarebdnen qarTvelebi, somxebi da

albanelebi: sparseTSi nestorianebs xma gaevrcelebinaT, rom esenic nestoris

mimdevrebi ariano~, `nestorianebi samefo xelisuflebas arwmunebdnen, rom

mezobel qveynebSic igive sarwmunoebis aRsarebaa gavrcelebuli, rasac

isini qadageben~).147 sparsel nestorianTa aseT Tvalsazriss sastikad uaryofs


babgen somexTa kaTalikosi. ismis kiTxva, ratom miiCnevdnen nestorianebi

berZnebs, somxebs, qarTvelebsa da albanelebs Tanamorwmuneebad? nestorian-

Ta azriT, qalkedonis kreba iyo nestorianTa kreba. SecdomiT nestorianebi

qalkedonis krebis gadawyvetilebebs nestorianebisadmi daTmobad Tvlid-

nen, radganac qalkedonis kreba qristeSi or bunebas aRiarebda (Seurevnelad

da ganuyofelad), aseve nestorianebic ieso qristeSi or bunebas aRiarebd-

nen (erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad, maTi azriT, mama RmerTis logosi kac-

Si imyofeboda, rogorc taZarSi). qalkedonis krebam nestorianebi gaaxara,

Cans, imis gamo, rom rogorc arseni safareli araerTgzis aRniSnavs, qarTu-

li eklesia mudam berZnul eklesiaSi miRebul qristologias aRiarebda,

xolo saberZneTi am droisaTvis, ase Tu ise, qalkedonur qveyanad miiCneoda.

nestorianebi somxeT-albaneTis qristianebs Tanamorwmuneebad Tvlidnen.

babgeni Tavis I epistoleSi, kerZod, wers: `mwvaleblebi amboben... rom

berZnebs, somxebs, qarTvelebsa da albanelebs igive sjuli da sarwmunoeba

aqvT, rac Cvena gvaqvso. es SevityveT maTgan imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras amboben

nestorianebi.~148 da iqve ganagrZobs _ ,,radgan isurveT, rom am saqmeTa

Sesaxeb Cvengan SegetyoT, gacnobebT: berZnebs, Cven, somxebs, qarTvelebsa da

albanelebs es RmerTis gmoba ar Segviwynarebia da arc veziarebiT, aramed

SevaCvenebT, radgan ase amboben da aswavlian.~149

maSasadame, rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, sparseli nestorianebi berZen-

Ta, somexTa, qarTvelTa da albanelTa nestorianobas im mizezis gamo amtkice-

bdnen, rom isini qalkedonitebad, anda qalkedonuri orientaciis mqone qris-

tianebad miaCndaT. ismis kiTxva, icnobdnen Tu ara saerTod qalkedonis krebis

gadawyvetilebebs somxeTsa da saqarTveloSi, anda eTanxmebodnen Tu ara mas?

zaza aleqsiZem savsebiT damajereblad gaarkvia aRniSnul epistoleebze

dayrdnobiT, rom `...pirvel epistoleSi somxuri sarwmunoebis aRsareba ni-

keis sarwmunoebis simbolos farglebidan ar gamodis da arianelTa sawina-

aRmdego formuliT mTavrdeba. meoreSi ukve Cans antinestorianuli msjeloba

samebis `damatebis~ Sesaxeb da momarjvebulia efesos krebis avtoriteti.

Znelia Tavi gaiTavisuflo eWvisgan, rom dvinis 506 wlis krebis monawileebs

jer kidev ar hqondaT naTeli warmodgena V s-is manZilze msoflio ekle-

siaSi mimdinare nestorianuli da monofizituri cilobis Sesaxeb, isini jer

kidev nikea-konstantinopolis dogmatikis doneze imyofebodnen. meore epis-

toles Sedgenisas mdgomareoba arsebiTad gansxvavdeba. somxeTis eklesiis

mesveurebi ukeT arian garkveuli Tanadroul religiur situaciaSi da mx-

ars, Tumca jer kidev Semrigeblur doneze, magram mainc ufro monofizito-

bas uWeren... asea, Tu ise, qarTuli da albanuri eklesiebi meore epistolesTan

ar arian dakavSirebuli da maTi mrwamsis Sesaxeb mxolod pirveli episto-

leTi SeiZleba msjeloba. xolo pirveli epistoles mixedviT dvinis 506

wlis kreba qalkedonianobis sakiTxs ar ixilavda.~150


ramdenadme gansxvavebulia g. sarqisianis Tvalsazrisi:

`...somxebma marTla araferi icodnen qalkedonis krebis Sesaxeb? g. sar-

qisiani uaryofs am mosazrebas. saxeldobr, mas mohyavs ori cnoba: a) ioane

mandakunis `damtkiceba~ da b) movses xorenacis traqtati. upirveles yov-

lisa, sayuradReboa ioane mandakunis traqtatis saxelwodeba: `damtkiceba,

rom vaRiaroT ufali ori bunebisa Tu erTi bunebisa~, rac araorazrovnad

miuTiTebs, rom aRniSnul traqtatSi is ZiriTadi sakiTxia dasmuli, romel-

sac centraluri adgili epyra qalkedonis krebaze. ufro sayuradReboa

movses xorenacis traqtatSi Semonaxuli cnobebi, romelSiac timoTe eluris

`qalkedonis krebis gadawyvetilebaTa uaryofis~ somxuri Targmanis gavle-

na igrZnoba... Targmani 480-484 ww. Soris unda iyos Sesrulebuli. g. sarqi-

sianic am Tvalsazrisisaken ixreba da Targmans V s-is II naxevarSi sabe-

rZneTis kulturuli centrebidan somxeTs dabrunebul swavlulTa meore

Taobas, e.w. ̀ mTargmnelTa~ moRvaweobas miawers. Semoinaxa cnobebi, romelTa

mixedviTac somxebma Tavdapirvelad miiRes qalkedonis krebis doqtrina,

Semdeg ki VI s-is Sua xanebSi siriel monofizitTa zegavleniT monofiz-

itizms daubrundnen. lazar farpeci vardan mamikonianisadmi wargzavnil

epistoleSi wers, rom somxebma icodnen qalkedonis saeklesio krebis Sesaxeb.

aRniSnul epistoleSi farpeci anaTemas ugzavnis sxva mwvalebelTa Soris

evtiqisac, radgan Tavad farpeci kiriles qristologiis mimdevari iyo da

am niSniT igi qalkedonis mowinaaRmdegeTa banaks miekuTvneba. g. sarqisian-

is azriT, SeuZlebelia qalkedonis krebis Sesaxeb araferi scodnoda somex

mTargmnelTa meore Taobas, romelic bizantiasa da aleqsandrias iyo wasu-

li, magram ratom ar ixsenieba somxur wyaroebSi qalkedonis saeklesio

kreba? g. sarqisians amis pirvel mizezad arsebuli politikuri viTareba

miaCnia. imperator zenonis `henotikoni~ qalkedonis krebis miCqmalvas

cdilobda da am pirobebSi Zneli iyo somxuri eklesiis mesveurTaTvis

qalkedonis krebis anaTema. es unda iyos somxur wyaroTa dumilis erTi

mizezi. meore mizezi ufro mniSvnelovania. radgan nestorianebi `heno-

tikons~ ebrZodnen, somxebi nestorianobas qalkedonizmSi urevdnen, rac

nestorianobisa da qalkedonizmis antimonofizitobiT iyo Sepirobebuli~.151

rogorc z. aleqsiZem gaarkvia, ̀ ...dvinis 506 wlis kreba qalkedonianobis

sakiTxs ar ixilavda~, swored am krebas eswreboda qarTuli eklesiis

warmomadgeneli. am krebis mier gacemul babgen kaTalikosis I epistoleSi

qarTuli eklesiis qristologiacaa gadmocemuli, is ki antiqalkedonuri

ar yofila. maSasadame, qarTul eklesias ise, rogorc somxur da albanur

eklesiebs, 506-wlis krebaze qalkedonitoba ar daugmia (krebas qalkedo-

nianobis sakiTxi arc ganuxilavs).

z. aleqsiZe wers: `Tu dvinSi Sekrebili episkoposebi arc nestorianobis

sakiTxs ganixilavdnen da arc qalkedonianobisa, maS ra unda yofiliyo

krebis samsjelo sakiTxi? rogorc Cans, marTali unda iyvnen is special-


istebi, romlebic varaudoben, rom 506 wlis krebaze amierkavkasiis eklesie-

bma miiRes zenonis Semrigebluri ̀ henotikoni~ (482 w.), romelic krZalavda

qristes bunebis Sesaxeb kamaTs da nikea-konstantinopolis sarwmunoebis

simbolos doneze rCeboda.~152 aRsaniSnavia, rom dvinis krebas ar miuRia

monofizituri mrwamsi. 506 wlis kreba `monofizitobis sruli gamarjveb-

is~ kreba ar yofila, rogorc miaCndaT adre.153 piriqiT, `dvinis 506 wlis

kreba mTels axlo aRmosavleTis qristianul eklesiaSi diofizitTa da

monofizitTa Semarigebeli RonisZiebebis erT-erTi gamovlena iyo...~154

`msoflio eklesiaSi mimdinare polemikam kavkasiaSi SemoaRwia mxolod

VI s-is damdegs. manamde somxebi, qarTvelebi da albanelebi ar iyvnen arc

monofizitebi da arc qalkedonitebi. dvinis 506 wlis kreba mowveul iqna

anastasi keisris religiuri politikis pirvel periodSi, rodesac igi

zenonis Semrigebluri `henotikonis~ poziciaze idga da garegnulad mainc

kidev ufro loialurad iyo ganwyobili qalkedonianTa mimarT, vidre misi

winapari keisris taxtze. aseve `henotikonis~ doneze gansazRvrulad, an

kidev ufro loialurad unda miviCnioT dvinis 506 wlis krebis mier

aRiarebuli sarwmunoebis simbolo. yovel SemTxvevaSi, babgenis pirvel

epistoleSi, romelic erTaderTi sando wyaroa dvinis I krebis monawileTa

aRsarebis warmosadgenad, monofizituri mrwamsis niSanwyalic ar moipov-

eba. dvinis I krebis monawile eklesiebs aSkarad antinestorianuli pozi-

cia ukaviaT... babgenis meore epistole dawerilia krebis Semdeg da mx-

olod somexTa mxridan... mas ukve emCneva `henotikonis~ memarcxene gaazre-

ba da sirieli monofizitebis Zlieri gavlena... qarTul eklesias babgenis

meore epistolesTan araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs da ra pozicia daikava man

SedarebiT gvian qristes bunebis sakiTxSi, calke sakvlevia.~155 rogorc

aRiniSna, Tavis II epistoleSi somexTa kaTalikosma dagmo qalkedonis kreba,

radganac am krebas nestorianebi Tavis sasargeblod miiCnevdnen (am epis-

tolesTan qarTul eklesias kavSiri ar hqonia).

kidev erTxel unda aRiniSnos, rom im momentSi qalkedonis krebis dagmo-

ba ar niSnavda monofizitobis aRiarebas. 506 wels krebam miiRo henotikoni,

es imas niSnavs, rom somxebma da krebis sxva monawileebma (qarTvelebma da

albanelebma) monofizitoba ki ar miiRes, aramed miiRes raRac saSualo

Semrigebluri platforma monofizitobasa da qalkedonitobas Soris, da

amave dros, dagmes nestorianoba, rac Tavis mxriv niSnavda qalkedonis

nestorianuli gagebis gmobasac.

zemoT moyvanili epistoleebidan Cans, Tu ra didi avtoritetiT sargeblobs

somxuri eklesia sparseTis imperiaSi. is, SeiZleba iTqvas, sparseTis qristian-

Ta Soris umTavresi avtoritetis mqone saeklesio centria, romelsac TviT

sparseli qristianebi uweven angariSs. ram gamoiwvia somxuri eklesiis aseTi

amaRleba sparseTis saxelmwifoSi? amis Sesaxeb arseni safareli wers:


`amis Semdeg gavida ramdenime Jami, mokvda vahan mamkueni (505 w.) ...mis

Semdeg erovnebiT sparselebma miiRes marzpanoba. maT Seuracxyves saqris-

tiano wesi da eklesiaTa gangeba moispo. somex aznaurTa xelisufleba

daeca marzpanis mier da kaTalikosebi da episkoposebi ganidriknen sima-

rTlisagan. maT sparselebisgan miiRes ufleba win aRdgomodnen aznaurTa

xelisuflebas. ufleba miecaT mosaxleobisgan TviTve moekribaT xarki da

gadaexadaT sparselebisTvis, radganac episkoposebsa da qorepiskoposebs

miandves somxeTi, rogorc sparsTa mefobis morCilebs. zogierTma kaTali-

kosma da episkoposma sparseTis mefeebi iSviles da TavianTi Zeebi uwodes

kavad (488-531) da xosro (531-579) mefeebs. amiT miaRwies imas, rom samTavro

msajuleba TviT miitaces da kanonis samarTlisamebr ar iqceodnen. eklesi-

is sakuTreba miiTvises da flangavdnen eriskacTa saCveneblad. sparsTa

uRmerTo mefis saTnoebisaTvis somxeTis episkoposebi da monasterTa mama-

saxlisebi RvTis gasarisxebel amao fufunebaze fiqrobdnen. da mere aznau-

rni da erisaganni maTi mibaZviT ganSordnen yovelgvar kanonebs, wmida

nersesa da wmida sahakis mier ganwesebulT. dairRva yoveli sulieri

sikeTis Cveuleba da wesi, da borotebam daimkvidra dRevandel dRemde.

somxuri saepiskoposoebi gadaiqcnen qedismosaxrel adgilad. mividodnen

xolme aznaurebi saepiskoposo karze da maT episkoposebi ar iRebdnen.

Sercxvenili ukanve brundebodnen, rogorc marzpanis karidan. es didi

Seuracxyofa mouTmeneli iyo.~156

rogorc arseni safareli wers, somxuri eklesia yovelmxriv misaRebi

eklesia iyo sparseTis mefeebisTvis. Sahi kavadi, romlis drosac dvinis

kreba Catarda 506 wels, somexi kaTalikosebis `Svilobili~ da `Ze~ iyo.

aRsaniSnavia, rom arseni safarelis Tanaxmad, somxurma eklesiam monofiz-

itoba miiRo ara 506 wlis krebaze, aramed VI saukunis 50-ian wlebSi nerse

kaTalikosis dros. manamde, arseni safarelis Tanaxmad, somxur eklesias

igive rwmena hqonda, rac berZnul eklesias da qarTul eklesiasac, amis

gamo `mSvidad iyo~ (e.i. saeklesio kavSiri (sarwmunoebrivi) gawyvetili ar

hqonda somxur eklesiasTan).

arseni safarelis Tvalsazrisi, rom VI saukunis dasawyisSi (Sua wlebam-

de) somxur eklesias oficialurad ar hqonda miRebuli monofizituri

mrwamsi, eTanxmeba sxva wyaroTa monacemebs. arseni wers: `sparsTa mefem

raRac manqanebiT Seicvala Sexeduleba somexTa sarwmunoebis mimarT (ig-

ulisxmeba xosro I (531-579) da ganucxada somxebs, ganyofodnen da gan-

Sorebodnen berZnul sarwmunoebas (e.i. marTalia, somexi samRvdeloeba uz-

neod iqceoda, magram maTi sarwmunoeba kvlav berZnuli iyo). mefem miuvlina

maT mociquli da ganucxada: ̀ erTi orTagan gamoarCieT, an miiReT asurelTa

sarwmunoeba, melqitebis garda, romelTac berZnuli sarwmunoeba aqvT, anda

datoveT Tqveni qveyana da wadiT. somxebi Zlier Sewuxdnen, maT arc sarw-


munoebis Secvla surdaT da arc qveynis datoveba. Seiqmna didi fiqri da

bWoba maT Soris sakmao xnis manZilze. mere am saqmis gadawyveta miandes

nerse kaTalikoss (548-552), romelsac mijini erqva... somxebma mwuxarebiT

amcnes sparsTa mefes, rom miiRebdnen iakobis rjuls (monofizitur rwmenas,

romelic ufro axlos idga berZnulTan, vidre sxva seqtebi)... mefe dakmay-

ofilda da miuvlina somxebs cxra iakobiti boroti moZRvari, cbieri meleb-

is msgavsni. maT garyvnes somxeTi, namoRvawari wmida grigolis cremliT da

SromiT, da hyves kreba qalaq dvinSi, miiRes xaCecari da gandgnen marTali

(berZnuli) da WeSmariti sarwmunoebisagan. amis gamo isini mowyvetil iqnen

didebul kaTolike da samociqulo msoflio eklesiisagan, iqve ganaweses

arajori, dvins, da Tqves, es aris pirveli dRe Cveni sarwmunoebisao. somxuri

welTaRricxva iwyeba dvinis am krebiT (551 wels). boroti borots daumates

da ar eziarnen qalkedonis krebas da RvTispirisagan gavardnen~.157

arseni safarelis Tanaxmad, somxebma qalkedonis kreba oficialurad

dagmes ara 506 wels, aramed 551 wels. amave wels miiRes maT xaCecari, e.i.

monofizitoba. qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebi erTmaneTs daSordnen (ars-

eni safarelis Tanaxmad, swored amis gamo) 551 wels da ara 607-608

wlebSi. amis gamo yoveli qarTli, meoTxe somxeTi ganeyenen somexTagan

mRvdelobis xeldasxmas, xolo herni da sivnielni erT periodSi ganSord-

nen da Semdeg kvlav Seerivnen~.158

arseni safarelis Tvalsazrisi, SeiZleba iTqvas, gaziarebulia: `bolo

xanebSi gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom qarTul eklesias monofizitoba Tavis

oficialur ideologiad arasodes ucvnia, Tumca, igi VI s-is ganmavlobaSi

Semrigeblur platformaze idga da Tavis samwysoSi hyavda monofiziti

episkoposebi da mrevlic~.159

rogorc aRvniSneT, antioqiis patriarqi petre fuloni, romlis mierac,

zogierTi qarTveli istorikosis Tanaxmad, _ qarTulma eklesiam miiRo

avtokefalia, monofizitTa erT-erTi eresiarqi iyo.

`monofizitobis istoriaSi Semdegi safexuri Seqmna antioqiis patriarqma

petre mkawvrelma (fulonma), romelmac `samwmindaobis~ galobaSi Ze RmrTi-

sas mimarT Seitana gamoTqma _ `romelic CvenTvis jvars ecvi~, es formula

mowinaaRmdegeebma gaiges, rogorc RvTis jvarcmulad gamocxadeba da amito-

mac mis mimdevrebs `Teofaqsitebi~ (somxebs _ `xaCecarebi~) uwodes.

kvlav davubrundeT sakiTxs V saukuneSi qarTvelTa sarwmunoebis, kerZ-

od, mefe vaxtang gorgaslisa da miqael qarTlis kaTalikosis aRmsareblo-

bis Sesaxeb. z. aleqsiZe juanSerisa da sxva wyaroebis analizis Semdgom

wers: `aSkaraa, rom berZnebi da qarTvelebi juanSers calke gamouyvia da

maT marTlmadideblebad Tvlis. juanSeris TvalSi ki marTlmadidebloba

mxolod qalkedonitoba SeiZleba iyos. amasTanave, 472 wlamde, rogorc

qarTlSi kaTalikosobis dawesebas aTariReben, bizantiis oficialuri kur-


si qalkedonuri iyo. maSasadame, araviTari sayrdeni juanSerTan vaxtang

gorgaslis monofizitobis samtkiceblad ar moipoveba. ar aris agreTve

savaraudo, rom vaxtangi sparseTSi salaSqrod yofnis dros gadaixreboda

monofizitobisaken, vinaidan am xanebSi sparseTi mxars uWerda nestori-

anobas da ara monofizitobas. ase, rom, miqael episkoposis braldeba vax-

tang gorgaslisadmi (`dagitovebies qriste da cecxlsa esav~ unda pirda-

piri mniSvnelobiT (ukeT — ciliswamebad) gavigoT da masSi romelime

qristianuli seqtis mimdevrobas ver davinaxavT.~160

aseve iTqmis miqael kaTalikosis Sesaxebac:

`...legenda vinme petres qarTlSi Caqolvis Sesaxeb ukavSirdeba petre

antioqielsa da miqael qarTlis mTavarepiskoposs... petre mkawvralis mkvleli

miqaeli ki, legendis mixedviT, aqtiuri antimonofiziti da qalkedoniti

moRvawea. amgvarad, ara gvaqvs araviTari safuZveli mis monofizitad Cas-

aTvlelad~.161

`tradicia ki vaxtang gorgasalsa da miqaels marTlmadideblebad miiC-

nevs~.162 sruli ufleba gvaqvs davaskvnaT, rom ra sarwmunoebrivi aRmsare-

blobisac iyo saqarTvelos mefe da kaTalikosi, imasve aRiarebda sruliad

saqarTveloc. magram iyo Tu ara vaxtang gorgasali sruliad saqarTvelos

mefe? z. aleqsiZe Sesabamisi wyaroebis analizis Sedegad adasturebs, rom

vaxtang gorgasali gamaerTianebeli iyo sruliad saqarTvelosi:

`V saukunis bolo oTxi aTwleuli qarTlis samefosaTvis iyo did poli-

tikur warmatebaTa wlebi: vaxtang gorgaslis meTaurobiT qarTlma gaaer-

Tiana aRmosavleTi da dasavleTi saqarTvelo, TiTqmis imave sazRvrebSi,

romelic Semdgom ufro myarad gakeTda mxolod XI-XII saukuneebSi~.163

Tuki vaxtangis dros gaerTianda sruliad saqarTvelo da is qarTlis

samefos farglebSi moeqca, unda vifiqroT, rom qarTulma eklesiam Tavisi

iurisdiqciis sferoSi moaqcia dasavleTi saqarTveloc, radganac qalke-

donis krebis Tanaxmad, eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvari unda damTxveoda

saxelmwifo-administraciul sazRvrebs. qarTlis eklesia erTian qarTul

eklesiad unda qceuliyo vaxtangis saxelmwifoebrivi moRvaweobis (saqarTve-

los gaerTianebis) Sedegad da radganac mefe da kaTalikosi qalkedonite-

bi iyvnen, erTiani qarTuli eklesiac amave mrwamsis matarebeli unda yo-

filiyo. qarTuli eklesia, Cveni Zveli istorikosebis SexedulebiT, mudam im

sarwmunoebriv mimarTulebas aRiarebda, romelic imavdroulad berZnul

eklesiaSi iyo miRebuli.

`475 wels bizantiis imperatoris taxti, mcire xniT xelSi Caigdo uzur-

patorma basiliskma, romlis antiqalkedonur RonisZiebebSi pirveli adg-

ili ekava gadayenebuli monofiziti ierarqebis uflebebSi aRdgenas. ase

avida petre fuloni antioqiis saydarze xelmeored, Tumca, misi zeoba

xanmokle gamodga. 476 wels zenon keisarma basiliski Camoagdo taxtidan


da bizantiis imperatoris gvirgvini daibruna. zenonis moRvaweobis pirve-

li periodis damaxasiaTebelia aqtiuri proqalkedonuri politika. man

dauyovnebliv aRadgina eklesiebSi basiliskamdeli mdgomareoba, rasac cx-

adia, antioqiaSi qalkedonitebis gamarjveba da petres damxoba mohyva

Sedegad. mesamed da sabolood petres antioqiis saydari ekava 485-488

wlebSi.~164 `472-489 wlebSi konstantinopolis patriarqia akakiusi, romel-

mac sastiki winaaRmdegoba gauwia uzurpator basiliskis promonofizitur

politikas da misi Camogdebis erT-erTi mTavari faqtori gaxda.~165

rogorc zemoaRwerilidan Cans, araviTari safuZveli ar arsebobs imisa,

rom qarTuli eklesia V saukuneSi, sakaTalikosos daarsebis epoqaSi, miviC-

nioT monofizituri qristologiis mqoned, ufro metic, arc 506 wlis dvi-

nis qarTvel-somex-albanelTa gaerTianebul krebas uRiarebia monofizito-

ba. miCneulia, rom TviT somxuri eklesiac ki mxolod 551 wlidan unda

CaiTvalos monofiziturad.

`kavkasiologiaSi gavrcelebulia Sexeduleba, rom 451 wlidan VII sauku-

nis damdegamde qarTuli eklesiis oficialuri mrwamsi monofizitoba iyo

da somxur eklesiasTan ideologiuri erTianoba am bazaze xorcieldeboda.

SuSanikis kultis orive eklesiaSi arseboba TiTqos am Tezisis damadas-

turebeli unda yofiliyo, magram igive faqti am Teziss uaryofs kidec.

ratom ar waSala qarTulma qalkedonurma eklesiam Tavisi Zveli monofiz-

itobis kvali da ratom ar aiRo xeli somxur eklesiasTan saerTo wmi-

danebze? saqme is aris, rom qalkedonuri istoriografiis SexedulebiT,

dvinis sakaTalikosom monofizitoba miiRo mxolod 551 wlis dvinis adgi-

lobriv II saeklesio krebaze. manamde igi dasabamidan marTlmadidebluri

iyo qarTlis eklesiasTan erTad, amitom aris, rom qarTuli da saerTod

qalkedonuri eklesia scnobs yvela im saeklesio moRvawesa da wmindans,

romlebic somxeTSi 551 wlamde moRvaweobdnen.~166

dvinis 506 wlis saerTo krebis Semrigebluri gansazRvrebani qarTulma

da somxurma eklesiebma sxvadasxvagvarad gaiges: Cans, pirvelma masSi

memarjvene qalkedonitoba dainaxa, xolo meorem — memarjvene monofiz-

itoba. Semdegi periodi am eklesiebis istoriaSi iyo poziciebis sul ukeT

gansazRvris xana, rac VI s-is II naxevris dasawyisSi somexTa mxridan

sagangebo saeklesio krebiT da ukiduresad memarcxene monofizitobis (ivli-

anitobis) aRiarebiT damTavrda. qarTls, rogorc Cans, aseTi kreba ar mou-

wyvia, radgan Tavis mrwamssa da saweso ritualSi mas radikaluri cvlile-

ba ar mouxdenia... amrigad, VI s-is II naxevris manZilze qarTli, albaneTi

da sivnieTi mxars qalkedonitobas uWerdnen, Tumca, aqtiur antimonofizi-

tur ganwyobilebasac ar amJRavnebdnen. monofizitoba `naracios~ mixedviT,

scnes mxolod taSiris, Zoraforis, gardmanisa da arcaxis xevebis somxu-

renovanma Temebma~.167


saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos daarseba

cnobilia, romis imperator konstantinemde qristianoba saxelmwifo re-

ligia ar yofila. amitomac, SeiZleba iTqvas, qristianuli Temebi Tavisu-

flebiT sargeblobdnen, im TvalsazrisiT, rom saxelmwifo ar karnaxobda

qristianul eklesias, Tu ra saxis unda yofiliyo misi administraciuli

struqtura. amis gamo IV saukunemde qristianuli Temi, mociqulTa 34-e

kanonis Tanaxmad, unda daqvemdebareboda am Temis mTavarepiskoposs, Temebis

mTavarepiskoposebi ki erTmaneTis mimarT damoukidebelni iyvnen.

mTavarepiskoposs irCevda Temis (`naTesavis~) samRvdeloebis kreba, amit-

omac yoveli saeklesio Temi da saepiskoposo Tavisufali, TavisTavadi da

avtokefaluri iyo.

srulebiT Seicvala mdgomareoba saxelmwifos mier qristianobis aRi-

arebisa da am religiis gasaxelmwifoebriobis Semdeg. am droisaTvis, IV

saukunis dasawyisSi, rogorc cnobilia, romis imperiaSi dawesda `tetrar-

qia~, `oTxis mmarTveloba~. administraciuli mmarTvelobis TvalsazrisiT,

imperia calkeul nawilebad daiyo. imperias marTavda ori imperatori da

ori keisari. imperiaSi arsebobda udidesi qalaqebi: romi, antioqia, aleqsan-

dria, agreTve sxva didi qalaqebi, romlebSic kuTxeTa da provinciaTa

mmarTvelebi isxdnen. am mdgomareobam gamoiwvia did qalaqebSi msxdomi

episkoposebis gaZliereba, gamdidreba, maTi avtoritetisa da gavlenis gazrda.

dedaqalaqebis episkoposebi moqmedebdnen am qalaqis saero mmarTvelTan

TanxmobiT. saero mmarTveli dainteresebuli iyo mis qalaqSi mjdomi episko-

posis avtoritetisa da gavlenis gazrdiT. amis gamo, ukve IV saukunis

dasawyisidanve mimdinareobs procesi, romelsac SeiZleba davarqvaT mcire

TviTmyofad eklesiaTa gauqmebisa da didi eklesiebis gavlenis sferoebis

gazrdis procesi. ukve IV saukuneSi mowveuli msoflio krebebi, marTalia,

adastureben patara eklesiebis avtokefalias, magram aseve adastureben mTavari

qalaqebis episkoposebis gavlenis sferoebis gafarToebas. am mizezis gamo

imperiis aRmosavleTis mTavarma qalaqma antioqiam Tavisi gavlenis sferoSi

Seiyvana mis mezoblad mdebare avtokefaluri eklesiebi, aleqsandriam ki egvip-

tis episkoposebi. es procesi grZeldeboda mTeli IV saukunis ganmavlobaSi da

sabolood dasrulda 451 wlis IV msoflio krebis droisaTvis.

IV saukunisaTvis, rogorc mravalgzis aRiniSna aRmoCnda, rom 330 wels

daarsebul konstantinopolis episkoposs normaluri sididis eparqiac ki

ar gaaCnda, xolo antioqiisa da aleqsandriis episkoposebi gavlenas avr-

celebdnen maT garSemo mdebare teritoriebze. am mdgomareobas dedaqala-

qis (konstantinopolis) episkoposebi ver urigdebodnen. a. kartaSevi wers,

rom konstantine didis mier dasmuli konstantinopolis episkoposi Tavis

iurisdiqcias mxolod am qalaqis teritoriaze avrcelebda, xolo, Tavis

mxriv, es teritoriac herakliis samitropolitoSi Sedioda.168


konstantinopolis garSemo arsebobda Zlieri avtokefaluri eklesiebi:

pontos diocezisa, asiis diocezisa da Trakiis diocezisa. maTi avtokefa-

lia jer kidev II msoflio krebam daadastura.

imperiaSi iyo 100-ze meti provincia.

s. troicki balsamonze dayrdnobiT werda, rom IV saukunisaTvis imperi-

aSi avtokefaluri iyo yvela provinciis eklesia, anu imperiaSi 100-ze meti

avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda, magram amave dros mimdinareobda pro-

vinciebis avtokefaluri eklesiebis Serwyma-SeerTebis procesi diocezis

eklesiebSi. swored erTi aseTi iyo Cveni mezobeli pontos diocezi, iq

arsebobda ramdenime provincia da am provinciaTa eklesiebi.

saqarTvelos uSualod mosazRvre pontos diocezSi, romelic qristiano-

bis erT-erTi Zlieri burji iyo mTel maSindel msoflioSi, episkoposebi

erTmaneTisgan damoukidebelni iyvnen da TviTmmarTveloba hqondaT saekle-

sio sakiTxSi (igulisxmeba IV saukune). marTalia, aq liderobda ponto-

kesariis episkoposi, magram man ver SeZlo gadaqceuliyo sayovelTao, ufros

episkoposad Tavis diocezSi. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, a. kartaSevi amis

Sesaxeb wers: ̀ pontos did diocezSi, romelic gadaWimuli iyo bosforidan

evfratamde, ar iyo erTi saerTod aRiarebuli administraciuli centri.

erTni miiCnevdnen kesaria-kapadokias, meoreni _ ankvirias, mesameni uqvemde-

barebdnen Tavis Tavs konstantinopols. amitomac, mcire aziaSi gamoCndnen

olqebi da qalaqebi, romelTac miiCnies TavianTTvis moxerxebulad da

sasargeblod, miemarTaT pirdapir dedaqalaqisTvis. aseTia biTinia, rogorc

nawili pontos diocezisa. biTiniaSi Semavali qalaqi qalkedoni konstanti-

nopolis gareubani gaxda. saerTod mTeli mcire aziis episkoposebi, rogorc

aRiniSna, yovelTvis dedaqalaqSi iyvnen, mis arqiepiskoposTan, kaTedrasTan

TaTbirobdnen iq mimdinare ambebze, aqve gadmohqondaT TavianTi kamaTi da

adgilobrivi saqmeebi. amitomac, man asaxva hpova IV msoflio krebis me-9 da

me-17 kanonebSi, romelTa Tanaxmadac aRmosavleTSi TavianTi diocezebis

(olqebis) krebebis gadawyvetilebiT ukmayofiloTaTvis umaRlesi saapela-

cio instancia iyo konstantinopolis saydari, magram es exeboda aRmosavle-

Tis mxolod im nawils, romelic ar Sedioda sxva sapatriarqoebSi~.169

zemoT moyvanili magaliTiT gvindoda gveCvenebina, Tu rogor gaerTiand-

nen Cveni mezobeli pontos eklesiis manamde TavisTavadi saepiskoposoebi

erTi qalaqis episkoposis xelqveiT. konstantinopolis patriarqis xelqveiT

pontos garda, sxva diocezTa episkoposebic gaerTiandnen. es mimdinareob-

da V saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, 451 wlamde, qalkedonis krebamde. am

krebam es faqti daakanona 28-e kanoniT.

saerTod, V saukune iyo TavisTavadi saepiskoposoebis did sapatriarqoebsa

da sakaTalikosoebSi gaerTianebis saukune. 451 wlis krebam daaarsa ierusa-

limis axali sapatriarqo, romelSic Sevida saepiskoposoebi palestinisa

(kesaria palestinisa da sxv.).


qalkedonis krebis Semdeg, TavisTavadi damoukidebeli mravali eklesiis

(eparqiebi, diocezTa eklesiebi) erTi sayovelTao episkoposis xelqveiT

gaerTianebis Sedegad, bizantiaSi sul ramdenime didi eklesia aRmoCnda.

konstantinopolis saydars daeqvemdebara Cveni mezobeli mcire aziis saepisko-

posoebi (aseve evropaSi Trakiisa), ierusalimis saydars _ palestinisa,

aleqsandriis saydars _ egviptisa, xolo antioqias ki is saepiskoposoebi,

romlebic imperiis aRmosavleTSi imyofebodnen da ar Sediodnen arc erT

zemoT xsenebul sxva sapatriarqoSi (kviprosis gamoklebiT).

msgavsi gaerTianebis procesi mimdinareobda imperiis gareTac. sparse-

Tis qristianuli saepiskoposoebi gaerTiandnen sparseTis kaTalikosis xe-

lqveiT. somexi saepiskoposoebis centralizacia erTian sakaTalikosoSi

cota ufro adre daiwyo da am droisTvis (V s.) dasrulebuli iyo.

saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos Camoyalibebac, amave dros, V saukuneSi mox-

da da msgavsi xerxiT. saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc Cvens mezobel pontos

diocezSi, mravali saepiskoposo arsebobda sakaTalikosos daarsebamde.

saeklesio kanonebis Tanaxmad (mociqulTa 34-e da sxva), es saepiskoposoebi

TavisTavadni iyvnen. saqarTvelos yovel administraciul erTeulSi (saer-

isTavoebSi Tu sapitiaxSoSi) arsebobda saepiskoposoebi. s. janaSia qarTvelTa

gaqristianebis aRweris Semdeg wers, Tu rogor moewyo qarTuli eklesia

(igulisxmeba vaxtang gorgaslamde, IV s. da V s-is dasawyisi). ̀ qristianul

organizacias, qristianebis krebuls, berZnuli sityviT `eklesiiT~ aRniS-

navdnen. SemdegSi qarTulad `eklesia~ daerqva im Senobasac, sadac qris-

tianebis krebuli Tavs iyrida locvisaTvis. raki qarTlSi qristianoba

saxelmwifoebriv sarwmunoebad gadaiqca, qarTlis eklesiamac iseTive wyo-

bileba miiRo, rogoric hqonda TviT qarTlis samefos. ase xdeboda sxva

qveynebSic. calke saerisTavoebis saeklesio saqmeebs ganagebdnen episko-

posebi, romelnic emorCilebodnen qarTlis, anu mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposs.

episkoposebs eqvemdebarebodnen xucebi anu mRvdlebi. male qristianuli

samRvdeloeba qarTlSi mravalricxovani gaxda...~170

s. janaSias Tanaxmad, CvenSi vaxtang gorgaslamde imdenive saepiskoposo

yofila, ramdeni saerisTavoc iyo qarTlis samefoSi, Tumca, b. mWedliSvilis

mixedviT, episkoposebis ricxvi gacilebiT meti SeiZleboda yofiliyo: ̀ gaqris-

tianebul saxelmwifoSi yvela qalaqsa Tu mniSvnelovan dabas Tavisi episko-

posi unda hyoloda, zogan oric. sxvagvarad qristianuli qveynis statusi

da eklesiis struqtura warmoudgenelia. amasTan, Cven qvemoT vnaxavT, rom

saqarTveloSi V s-is bolos 30-ze meti episkoposi moRvaweobda. juanSeri

CamoTvlis, sad dasva vaxtangma episkoposebi... am siis mixedviT, sakuTriv

qarTlSi mxolod ori episkoposi Cans, mcxeTisa da niqozis. Tbilisic ki,

romelic TiTqosda vaxtangma daaarsa, eklesiis mesveuris gareSe aRmoCnda.

garda amisa, ra vuyoT sxva Zvel qalaqebs: ufliscixes, armazcixes, kasps,


nekress, tyetba-gulgulas, ujarma-kawareTs, gaCian-curtavs, samSvildesa da

sxva CvenTvis ucnob qalaqebsa da dabebs.

amdenad, juanSeris episkoposTa sia asaxavs mxolod vaxtangis mier dasmul

episkoposTa raodenobas da ara eparqiebis ricxvs.

Tavis droze iv. javaxiSvilmac miaqcia juanSeris cnobebis Seusabamiso-

bas yuradReba da aRniSna: juanSeris sityvebidan iseTi daskvnis gamotana

SeiZleba, TiTqos mas mxolod imaTi dasaxeleba sdomebodes, romelnic

antioqiis patriarqma akurTxa. magram maSin marto juanSeris am cnobaze

damyareba SeuZlebelia...

maSasadame, iv. javaxiSvili gamohyofda ̀ uZveles xanas~, romelic vaxtang

gorgaslamdels gulisxmobs. am `uZveles xanaSi~ mTavarepiskoposebi xe-

lmZRvanelobdnen qarTul eklesias. ̀ mTavar~ an ̀ Tavi episkoposTaAs~, TavisTa-

vad igulisxmeba, hyavdaT xelqveiTi, rangiT dabali eparqiis episkoposebi,

e.i. gorgaslamdec yofilan episkoposebi... saqarTvelos istoriis saxelmZR-

vaneloSi vkiTxulobT, rom IV saukuneSi `sapitiaxSo da saerisTavo cen-

trebSi episkoposebic isxdnen~. ase rom, ̀ aseTi centrebis ricxvs emTxveoda

saepiskoposo saydarTa saTvalavic. ukve V s-is Sua wlebSi qarTlSi iricxe-

boda 30-iode saepiskoposo olqi~ (saq. istoria, I, 1958). avtorebi am wignisa

arian: n. berZeniSvili, v. dondua, m. dumbaZe, g. meliqiSvili, S. mesxia, p. ratiani.

analogiuri Sexedulebisaa m. lorTqifaniZe, romelic Tvlis: `rogorc

aRniSnulia, am episkoposebis dadgineba ar unda niSnavdes yvelgan axali

saepiskoposoebis daarsebas. amaTgan nawili marTlac axlad daarsebulia.

aseTi unda iyos: ninowmindis kaTedra, Weremis, niqozis, xolo rig SemTx-

vevebSi Zveli episkoposebi, romelnic, albaT, miqaelis dasisani iyvnen, ax-

lebiTaa Secvlili. udavoa, rom amaT garda sxva saepiskoposoebic arsebob-

da qarTlis samefoSi, magram juanSeris siaSi isini ver moxvdnen, radgan

Cans, vaxtangs aq cvlileba ar mouxdenia.~171

sakiTxisaTvis sainteresoa agreTve juanSeris Txrobis is nawilic, romelic

udavod win uswrebs gorgaslis reformebs. indoeTSi laSqrobidan dab-

runebul vaxtangs `moegeba Ze misi daCi da mis Tana episkoposni. da

viTarca cna episkoposman (miqael), viTarmed waravlina mefeman mociquli

moyvanebad kaTalikosisa da episkoposTa, daumZimda mas zeda~. maSasadame,

vaxtang gorgasals es-esaa daupirebia kaTalikosisa da episkoposebis axa-

li jgufis mowveva, xolo masTan Sesaxvedrad mosuli arian Zveli episko-

posebi... leonti mrovelis mixedviT, IV saukunis dasawyisSi, mefe mirianma

sikvdilis win `davedra episkoposTa~ edidebinaT wmida ninos saflavze

aSenebuli eklesia.

wmida ninos `cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, igi damarxes daba bods da eklesia

aRuSenes da episkoposi ganaCines mas zeda~.

SeiZleboda am sakiTxis garCeva amiTac dagvemTavrebina, magram moviSve-

lioT qristianuli samyarosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli suraTic. cnobilia, rom


iq, sadac qristianobam fexi moikida, TiToeul qalaqs ganagebda episkoposi.

imis miuxedavad, rom siriaSi eklesiis ierarqiuli da kanonikuri ganvi-

Tareba sustad mimdinareobda da mwyobri organizaciac ar arsebobda,

mainc ukve III-IV ss-Si, TiToeuli organizacia eqvemdebareboda eklesias da

maSasadame, episkoposs.172

iranis mezobel olqebSi da TviTon iranSic (mesenaSi, suzaSi, rev-artaSirSi,

baxreinSi) 225 w. (!) ukve dafuZnebuli iyo qristianuli saepiskoposoebi~.173

V saukunis somexi istorikosi lazar farpeci aRniSnavs, rom iranis

mefis iezdigerdis dros (399-421) `somxeTis yvela gavaridan Seikribnen

wminda episkoposni~.174

aRarafers vambobT TviT bizantiis qristianuli centrebis Sesaxeb, rad-

gan suraTi TavisTavad naTelia. prokofi kesarielis zemoT motanili dax-

asiaTebac175 ̀ xom gaumarTlebeli iqneboda, Tu qarTvelebi saeklesio ierar-

qiis Camoyalibebas mxolod V saukunis II naxevarSi moifiqrebdnen~.176

n. janaSia, b. mWedliSvili da, Cans, m. lorTqifaniZec fiqroben, rom

vaxtang gorgaslis mier kaTalikosobis dawesebamde CvenSi arsebobda episko-

posTa dasebi, romelTagan erTi dasi mefes emxroboda, meore dasi ki mefis

mowinaaRmdege iyo.

n. janaSia wers: `axlad daniSnuli episkoposebis simravle (Tormeti

episkoposi) gviCvenebs, rom vaxtangma, erTi mxriv, daawesa axali saepiskopo-

soebi... amave mizniT iqneboda axali episkoposi daniSnuli rusTavSi. unda

vifiqroT, rom man Secvala Zveli, vaxtangis mowinaaRmdege mRvdelmTavari,

marTlac, aq Cven saqme unda gvqondes swored episkoposis SecvlasTan da

ara saepiskoposos daarsebasTan. SeuZlebelia aseT did saerisTavo centr-

Si, samefo sagvareulos erT-erTi Stos rezidenciaSi, rusTavSi, manamde

episkoposi ar mjdariyo~.177 rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, sruliad

aSkaraa, rom CvenSi kaTalikosobis dawesebamde arsebobdnen saepiskoposoe-

bi da maTi sazRvrebi emTxveoda saero-administraciuli olqebis sazRvrebs,

anu saepiskoposos sazRvari saerisTavos sazRvars emTxveoda. romeli

saerisTavoebic emorCilebodnen saqarTvelos mefes, im saerisTavoTa saepisko-

posoebi daemorCilnen sataxto qalaqis, mcxeTis, sayovelTao episkoposs.

eklesia CvenSi iseve iyo mowyobili, rogorc sxva qristianul qveynebSi,

rogorc amas iTvaliswinebda msoflio krebaTa kanonebi.

qristianobis saxelmwifos mier aRiarebamde saeklesio TemSi (eri, ̀ naTe-

savi~) arsebobda ramdenime episkoposi. es episkoposebi, mociqulTa 34-e

kanonis Tanaxmad, valdebulni iyvnen damorCilebodnen maT mierve gamor-

Ceul, pirvelobis mqone `Tav~ episkoposs: `TiToeulisa naTesavisa episko-

posTa uKms... raATa pirvelad da Tavad maTda Seeracxos episkoposi TYsi

da araras iqmodin nametnavsa TYnier ganzraxvisa misisa~...178

saxelmwifos mier qristianobis aRiarebis Semdeg, romis imperiaSi saepisko-

posos sazRvari TandaTan daemTxva administraciuli erTeulis (provinci-


is) sazRvars. rogorc didi sjuliskanonidan Cans, romis administraciul

erTeuls (provincias) qarTulad ewodeboda samTavro. 325 wlis nikeis

krebidan Cans, rom samTavroSi (anu provinciaSi) iyo ara erTi episkoposi,

aramed ramdenime. am krebis me-4 kanonis Tanaxmad, samTavros hyavs episko-

posTa Tavi anu mitropoliti. samTavros mitropolitis TanxmobiT axal

episkoposs daadgenda am samTavros yvela episkoposi, anda ukidures SemTx-

vevaSi, sami mainc. am kanonidanac Cans, rom saeklesio samTavro, anu romis

provinciis eklesia, avtokefaluri da damoukidebeli iyo sxva, mis gareT

arsebuli eklesiebisagan.

qarTul sinamdvileSi — saqarTvelos samefoSi saerisTavo iyo daaxl-

oebiT iseTive administraciuli erTeuli, rogoric iyo romis imperiaSi

provincia (Zveli qarTuliT `samTavro~). amitomac unda vifiqroT, qarTul

saerisTavoebSi iyo ara erTi, aramed ramdenime episkoposi da maT Soris

erT-erTi iyo `Tavi episkoposTa~, magaliTad gugarqSi, SeiZleba CvenSi

saerisTavos saepiskopososac iseTive TavisTavadoba hqonda, rogorc romis

provinciisas.

romis imperiaSi provinciaTa eklesiebis avtokefalia TandaTan SeizRu-

da, didma qalaqebma (romma, aleqsandriam, antioqiam) SeZles maT garSemo

myofi saepiskoposoebis daqvemdebareba. es ukve arsebuli faqti nikeis

msoflio krebamac daadastura Tavisi me-6 kanoniT. 344 wels mowveuli

antioqiis adgilobrivi kreba me-9 kanoniT avaldebulebs samTavros episko-

posebs, daemorCilon Tavisi dedaqalaqis episkoposs.

`...vinaATgan dedaqalaqad miiswrafian yovelni mqonebelni romelTave

saqmeTani, romlisTYs guTnda, raATa pativiTaca uaRres iyos igi...~179

dedaqalaqis episkoposi zrunavs mTel samTavroze, radganac dedaqalaqSi

yvela miiswrafis, visac saqme aqvs. amitomac is pativiTac upiratesi iyoso

da mis gareSe sxva episkoposebma araferi moimoqmedono, _ ambobs es kanoni.

am mdgomareobam gazarda ara marto samTavroTa dedaqalaqebis episko-

posebis avtoriteti, aramed imperiis mTavari qalaqebis (antioqia da sxva)

episkoposTa avtoritetic, radganac am qalaqebSi isxdnen an imperatori,

anda qveynis vrceli mxareebis mmarTvelebi.

amave kanonis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSic unda gazrdiliyo ara marto avtori-

teti dedaqalaqis, mcxeTis episkoposisa, aramed mas pativiT upiratesobac unda

miniWeboda. mis gareSe sxva episkoposebs raime qmedebis neba ara hqondaT.

marTlac, qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs kaTalikosobis dawesebamde hqonda

tituli ̀ mTavarepiskoposisa~ da, Cans, iTvleboda kidec episkoposTa Tavad

im teritoriaze, romelic Sedioda qarTveli mefis gamgeblobaSi, magram

cnobilia, rom mTeli samxreT dasavleTi saqarTvelo _ klarjeTi IV s-is

80-ian wlebSi miitaca bizantiam da is CamoSorebuli iyo saqarTvelos.

cxadia, klarjeTSi mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposis gavlena am dros ar xorci-


eldeboda, aseve zRvispireTis vrceli teritoria egriswylidan cixegojam-

de berZnebma miitaces. aqac mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposi Tavis gavlenas ver

axorcielebda.

garda amisa, qarTul eklesiaSi arsebobda prosparsuli da elinofil-

uri dasebi. unda vifiqroT, rom es iwvevda ierarqiul ganxeTqilebas.

sparseTis momijnave gugarqisa da kaxeT-hereTis episkoposebi, albaT, prospar-

suli orientaciisani iyvnen, xolo im dros saqarTvelos farglebs gareT

myofi klarjeTis episkoposebi, albaT, uSualod eqvemdebarebodnen kesaria-

kapadokiis (pontos) mRvdelmTavars. am kuTxeTa saepiskoposoebSi saWiro

gaxdeboda mefis erTguli, anu proqarTuli orientaciis episkoposebis dasma

da Zvelebis Secvla vaxtang gorgaslis mier saqarTvelos gaerTianebis

Semdeg.

marTlac, TiTqmis yvela (umetesi) episkoposi vaxtangma dasva swored

klarjeTSi, gugarqSi, kaxeTsa da hereTSi, kerZod, ̀ dasua erTi episkoposad

klarjeTs, eklesiasa axizisasa~, ̀ erTi artans, eruSeTs~ _ ueWvelad eruSe-

Ti _ artaani, istoriuli klarjeTis nawili, mitacebuli iyo berZenTa mier,

èrTi ki javaxeTs-wundas~ _ SeiZleba es ar iyo mitacebuli berZenTa mier,

magram sazRvarze mdebareobda da berZnuli gavlena aq didi iqneboda.

èrTi mangliss, erTi agaraks, erTi bolniss~ _ bolnisi, agaraki da mangli-

sic gugarqSi an gugarqTan mdebareobdnen da sparseTTan siaxlovis gamo

prosparsuli orientacia aq ufro metad aris savaraudo. arc is aris

dasaviwyebeli, rom es mxare arcTu didi xnis dabrunebuli iyo saqarTve-

los mefis mflobelobaSi. èrTi Werems, erTi CeleTs, erTi xornabujs~ _

kaxeTis es qalaqebi sparseTis siaxloves mdebareobda, im mxriv, rom kaxeTs

aRmosavleTidan ranis sparsTa pitiaxSis teritoria sazRvravda.

cnobilia, rom mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli saberZneTidan Camoiyvanes mRvd-

lis xarisxSi. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom is iyo proberZnuli saeklesio

orientaciis mqone. Tu es ase iyo, maSin miuxedavad misi mTavarepiskosobisa,

prosparsuli orientaciis episkoposebi Seecdebodnen, mas ar damorCile-

bodnen da eklesiaSi ganxeTqileba iqneboda.

cnobilia, rom vaxtang gorgaslamde qarTuli saxelmwifo Zalze dasus-

tebuli iyo. es, uTuod, gavlenas iqoniebda eklesiaze, gaaZlierebda centri-

danul Zalebs, miT umetes, rom swored am dros qveynis feodalizacia

mimdinareobda, rac gulisxmobda miwismflobeli feodalebis brZolas cen-

trisgan damoukideblobisaTvis.

imis Semdeg, rac vaxtangma gaaerTiana saqarTvelo, SemouerTa mas uzarmazari

teritoriebi _ klarjeTi da zRvispireTi, romlebic moicavdnen mTel samxreT

saqarTvelosa da miwebs cixe-gojidan klisuramde, vaxtangs aRar daakmay-

ofilebda eklesiaSi centridanuli Zalebis arseboba, is Secvlida ara

marto prosparsuli orientaciis episkoposebs, aramed im episkoposebsac,


romelnic mefisgan damoukideblobisaTvis ibrZodnen, dagrovili simdid-

ris (miwebis) da xelisuflebis (Tanamdebobis) SenarCunebisaTvis.

vaxtangma ineba Caetarebina reforma eklesiaSi, qveynis gaerTianebam da

saxelmwifos gaZlierebam moiTxova eklesiis centralizacia. vaxtangisTvis

saeklesio reformis dros magaliTs warmoadgenda ara marto bizantiis

eklesiebi, sadac swored am epoqaSi vaxtangis Tvalwin sxvadasxva saepisko-

posoTa da samitropolitoTa (diocezTa) gaerTianebis gziT Seiqmna kon-

stantinopolisa da ierusalimis sapatriarqoebi, aramed aRmosavleTis ek-

lesiebic. aRmosavleTSic am dros sakaTalikosoebis Camoyalibebis proce-

si axali damTavrebuli iyo (sparseTSi, somxeTSi).

rogori damokidebuleba arsebobda bizantiaSi saxelmwifosa da ekle-

sias Soris? bizantiaSi eklesia arsebobda saxelmwifos mkacri kontrolis

qveS saxelmwifos interesebidan gamomdinare. aseve iyo sparseTis saxelm-

wifoSic. sparseTs daqvemdebarebuli sxvadasxva qveynis qristianuli ek-

lesiebis meTaurebs TviT Sahi niSnavda (magaliTad, somxeTisas V saukune-

Si). saqarTveloSi ki, Tumca vaxtang gorgasalma gaaerTiana saxelmwifo da

mas axali teritoriebi SeuerTa, eklesiis meTauri miqaeli ar apirebda

damorCileboda mas, mefis reformebi misTvis miuRebeli iyo (V s-is dasawyisSi

ki, mTavarepiskoposi glonoqori sparsTa mier erisTavadac iyo daniSnuli).

bizantiasa da sparseTSi im dros sxva suraTi iyo: Tu rogor imarTebo-

da rom-berZenTa imperiaSi saxelmwifos mier ara Tu romelime adgilo-

brivi eklesia, aramed msoflio saeklesio krebac (e.i. kanonmdebeli orga-

no) ki, amis Sesaxeb wers arqiepiskoposi lolii (iurevski):

`1. msoflio ekumenuri (da ara kaTolike-sayovelTao) kreba imperatorisa

da saxelmwifos krebaa, mas ama Tu im olqis mitropoliti ki ar iwvevs,

aramed imperatori (Tundac mounaTlavi, rogoric iyo, magaliTad, konstan-

tine didi, romelmac saTave daudo msoflio krebebs); 2. krebas eswrebian

ara TavianT samitropolitoebSi arCeuli episkoposebi, aramed imperatoris

xelisuflebis Sexedulebisamebr daniSnulni da gamoZaxebulni, ris gamoc

3. yvela adgilobrivi eklesiis episkoposis daswreba ar iyo savaldebulo

(me-3 msoflio krebaze ar iyo karTagenis 500-ze meti episkoposidan arc

erTi); 4. krebis yvela gansazRvreba (aqti), kanoni da sarwmunoebis dogmati

ZalaSi Sedioda, avtoritetsa da qmediTobas iZenda imperatoris mier maTi

damtkicebis Semdeg; 5. amitom msoflio ekumenuri krebis dadgenilebaTa

yvela mowinaaRmdege ganixileboda imperatoris gankargulebis mowinaaRm-

deged da amis Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo kanonebis Tanaxmad isjeboda; 6.

saxelmwifo saxsrebiT kmayofildeboda (imperatoris gankargulebis Sesa-

bamisad) krebis monawileTa samgzavro da sxva Sesanaxi xarjebi. 7. adgili

(qalaqi) krebisaTvis miTiTebuli iyo imperatoris mier da episkoposebi-

saTvis saWiro Senobasac mTavroba gamoyofda~.180


rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, TviT saeklesio kanonmdebeli organo

msoflio krebebic ki imperatoris mier imarTeboda bizantiis imperiaSi, aseve

somxeTSic. marTalia, V saukuneSi aq sparselebma mefoba gaauqmes, magram misi

arsebobis dros kaTalikosi sahaki mefis momxre da erTguli iyo.

saqarTveloSi ki vaxtangs eklesiaSi mZime mdgomareoba daxvda. eklesia

ara Tu eqvemdebareboda qarTvel xelmwifes, aramed rogorc aRiniSna, qarTuli

eklesiis meTaurma miqaelma fexze samTxvevad misul mefes fexis kvriT

kbili Caamtvria.

`vecxlismoyuare xar Sen~, _ uTxra amis Semdeg vaxtangma miqaels, `da

meguadruce qristesi~181 (e.i. eklesia gamdidrebisa da piradi gamorCeni-

saTvis gnebavso).

Cans, miqaelis Tavxedobis erT-erTi mizezi aris SiSi imisa, rom simdidre

ar dakargos (amitomac aris `vecxlismoyvare, meguadruce molare). `qarT-

lis cxovrebis~ am cnobas exmianeba n. janaSia. is wers: `mxedvelobaSi

misaRebia isic, rom am droisaTvis, sxva qristianuli qveynebis msgavsad,

qarTuli eklesiac udides miwaTmflobelad gadaiqca da iseTive interese-

bi gauCnda, rogorc sxva miwaTmflobelebs... mefe ki imisaTvis ibrZoda, rom

Tavisi gamgeblobidan ar gaeSva es miwebi, sruli Zalaufleba SeenarCunebi-

na mTeli samefos miwa-wyalze da yovel Tanamdebobaze daniSvna mxolod

misi surviliT momxdariyo. iranelebi iyenebdnen am winaaRmdegobas...~182

simdidrisa da miwebis dagroveba mefis nebis sawinaaRmdegod unda yo-

filiyo erTi mizezTagani winaaRmdegobisa mefesa da eklesiis meTaurTa

Soris. TavisTavad es mizezi sruliad sakmarisi iyo imisTvis, rom mefes

ezruna eklesiaSi reorganizaciisaTvis, raTa mas eklesia damorCileboda

iseve, rogorc bizantiis sapatriarqoebi emorCileboda imperators, xolo

sparseTSi ki sparsTa, somexTa kaTalikosebi da siriuli eklesiebis meTaurebi

emorCilebodnen Sahs. magram yofila meore, kidev ufro didi da TiTqmis

miutevebeli mizezi imisa, rom mefes efiqra eklesiaSi kardinaluri reformis

Catarebis saWiroebis Sesaxeb: `iranelebs kavSiris gabma mouxerxebiaT qris-

tianul eklesiasTanac ki~, rogorc wers n. janaSia. ̀ orTodoqsalur eklesias

konstantinopoli mfarvelobda, magram mas uZlieresi opozicia hyavda Ziri-

Tadad aRmosavleTSi. iranelebi mxars uWerdnen opozicionerebs, romlebsac

orTodoqsebisa da maT ukan mdgomi saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg iyenebdnen~.183

qarTvel orTodoqsebs vaxtang gorgasali mfarvelobda. cnobilia, rom

is proberZnuli saeklesio orientaciisa iyo, Cans, swored imitom, rom irani

eklesias iyenebda orTodoqsebisa da maT ukan mdgomi saxelmwifos winaaRm-

deg. e.i. irani qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebs (prosparsuli orientaciis

episkoposebs) qarTuli saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg iyenebda. aRsaniSnavia, rom

aseve iyo somxeTSic.

aseTi mdgomareobis dros, gasakviri aRar mogveCveneba qarTuli eklesiis

meTauris miqaelis Tavxedoba. marTalia, SeiZleba miqaeli proberZnuli


orientaciisa iyo, magram man icoda, rom vaxtangis sawinaaRmdego moqmedeb-

isTvis sparseTi kmayofili darCeboda da prosparsuli orientaciis episko-

posebsac miimxrobda. ̀ vaxtang gorgaslis mefobis dros, juanSerisve mixedviT,

SeiniSneba saeklesio dasTan uTanxmoeba. cnobilia, rom ukve IV saukunis

dasawyisidan irani cdilobs amierkavkasiaSi poziciebis ganmtkicebas da

erT-erT qmediT iaraRad qristianul religiasac iyenebs. magaliTad, somx-

eTSi, dRidan daarsebisa qristianul eklesias xelmZRvanelobdnen iranis

mefeTa xelTdasxmuli mTavarepiskoposebi, anu kaTalikosebi. qarTli, romelsac

bizantia mfarvelobda, ukeTes pirobebSi iyo da winaaRmdegobasac uwevda

iranis moZalebas, magram zogierT SemTxvevaSi, irani, rogorc es vaxtang

gorgaslis cxovrebidanac Cans, mainc aRwevda mizans da qarTls Tavis

politikas axvevda~.184

amitomac SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu pirdapir ara, arapirdapir mainc

miqaelis Tavxedobas sparseTi aqezebda, xolo miqaelis Tavdajereba (fexze

samTxvevad misul mefes uSiSrad kbili Caamtvria qoSis kvriT!) imiT iyo

gamowveuli, rom mis xelSi simdidre da qveynis miwebis didi nawili iyo

Tavmoyrili (rac qveynis feodalizaciis procesiT iyo gamowveuli).

misi xelisufleba mefis xelisuflebas ar Camouvardeboda. aq SeiZleba

gavixsenoT arseni safarelis naTqvami, rom sparselebma xelisufleba Camo-

arTves erisTavebs (aznaurebs) da gadasces samRvdeloebas.

marTlac, samRvdeloeba da eklesia ise Zlieria, rom vaxtangma ver gabe-

da Tavxedi mTavarepiskoposis fizikuri dasja, Tumca, uZvelesi qarTuli

wyaros Tanaxmad, misi mrisxaneba ganuzomeli iyo: _ `Semdgomad missa me-

fobda vaxtang gorgasali, da mTavarepiskoposi iyo iovel. maSin wariyvanes

vaxtang sparsTa. da Semdgomad raodenisame Jamisa moiqca da mTavarepisko-

posi iyo miqael. aman miamTxYa ferKi gorgasalsa, romlisame mizezisaTYs

da ganaZo eklesiisagan. maSin mefe aRivso guliswyromiTa mravliTa da

eqca feri pirisa misisaA da ganizraxvida mravalTa borotTa damKobad

qristeanobisa. aramed RmerTman, romelsa aravisi hnebavs warwymedaA, miuv-

lina gulsa missa keTili ganzraxvaA~.185

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, miqaelma mefis fizikuri Seuracxyofis

Semdeg mefe da misi spa eklesiidan mokveTa.

Cans, Tu mefe miqaels SeuracxyofisTvis samagiero sasjels daadebda,

amiT aimxedrebda qristianul mosaxleobasa da miqaelis momxre episko-

posebs. aseT situaciaSi mefe qristianobis mtrad gamocxaddeboda, amitom

wers matiane `qristianobis damxoba ganizraxao~. matianedan TiTqosda isic

Cans, rom mefe eklesiaSi reformis Catarebas apirebs ara samRvdeloebaze

da episkoposebze dayrdnobiT, aramed spis (laSqris) daxmarebiT. amitom

laSqaric daiwyevla miqaelis mier.

rogorc aRiniSna, saeklesio kanonebze186 dayrdnobiT da Seqmnili saerTa-

Soriso mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT vaxtangma umtkivneulod moiSora miqae-


li, ise, rom ar gauRizianebia qristianuli mosaxleoba. gansasjelad gagza-

vna konstantinopolSi.

amis gamo konstantinopolidan imperators werili miuweria antioqiis

patriarqisaTvis: `...da miuweres yoveli saqme didisa vaxtang mefisa, vi-

Tarmed: ̀ episkoposi igi, romeli maT mier dadginebul iyo, ukuvadgineT, da

dRes icodeT axalnergad WeSmaritad qarTli~.187 e.i. amJamado, weria iq,

Cven qarTvelebis mier dadgenili episkoposi ukuvadgineT da amis Semdeg

axladmoqceulad unda CavTvaloT qarTlio, e.i. proberZnuli orientaciis

mqonedo. sainteresoa, rom am werilis Tanaxmad, miqaeli episkoposad ekurTxa

saqarTveloSi da qarTvelebis mier iqna dadgenili Tavis kaTedraze _

`maT mier dadginebuli ukuvadgineTo~. antioqiis patriarqma Tormeti episko-

posi gamoagzavna qarTlSi. Cans, vaxtangma Secvala prosparsuli orient-

aciis episkoposebi da maT adgilas dasva proberZnuli orientaciis episko-

posebi, aseve Secvala episkoposebi, romelnic Tavisi simdidrisa da gavle-

nis gamo mefis xelisuflebas ar cnobdnen da mefes ar eqvemdebarebodnen.

`da antioqielman patriarqman akurTxna Tormeti episkoposni da petre

kaTalikosad... xolo mcxeTas mefeman vaxtang aRaSena eklesia mociqulTa

sueti cxoveli, da upyra suetsa Sina samxriT adgilsa mas, sada-igi dacemul

iyo eklesia, romel ars sioni didi, da mun Sina dasues petre kaTalikosad

da samoel episkoposad mcxeTasave saepiskopososa. da dasua erTi episko-

posad klarjeTs, eklesiasa axizisasa, erTi artans eruSeTs, erTi javaxeTs,

wundas, erTi mangliss, erTi bolniss, erTi rusTavs, erTi ninowmindas, erTi

ujarmis karsa, romeli gorgasalsa aReSena, erTi Werems, missave aRSenebul-

sa da mun qmna qalaqi erTi Soris orTave eklesiaTa, romeli-igi manve

aRaSena, erTi CeleTs, romeli sofelsa Sua aRaSena, erTi xornabujs da

erTi agaraks, romel ars xunans gamarTebiT. Semdgomad missa aRaSena

eklesia niqozisa sagzebelsa Tana cecxlisasa da dasva episkoposi~.188

vaxtang gorgaslis mier saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos daarsebasTan dakav-

SirebiT unda davaskvnaT:

V saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis qveS myofi teritoriebi

gaizarda, rac imiT iyo gamowveuli, rom vaxtang gorgaslis dros bizantiam

saqarTvelos daubruna mitacebuli klarjeTi (samxreT saqarTvelo) da

zRvispireTi (cixe-gojidan klisuramde).

cnobilia, rom V saukuneSi qalkedonis krebis droisaTvis gamsxvilda

zogierTi eklesia, magaliTad, Seiqmna ierusalimis sapatriarqo, pontos,

asiisa da Trakiis diocezebi Sevida konstantinopolis patriarqis iuris-

diqciaSi. msgavsadve, swored am epoqaSi, saqarTvelos gaerTianebisa da

vrceli erovnuli teritoriebis dabrunebis Semdeg vaxtang gorgasalma

ineba, rom qarTuli eklesia mowyobiliyo rogorc erTiani centralizebuli

samamamTavro eklesia. e.i. dedaqalaqis (mcxeTis) episkoposi saqarTvelos


eklesiisaTvis gaxda sayovelTao episkoposi, anu kaTalikosi (berZnuli

sityvidan _ ̀ kaTolos~ _ sayovelTao). am epoqis TiTqmis Tanadroul saist-

orio qronika `moqcevaA qarTlisaASi~ pirvel kaTalikos petres mamamTa-

vari ewodeba. `aqaTgan iwyes kaTalikosTa mamadmTavrobad. pirveli kaTa-

likozi iyo petre, vaxtang mefisa ze~.189

b. lominaZe wers: `uflebrivi mdgomareobiT qarTlis kaTalikosi miaCn-

daT bizantiaSi im dros moqmedi patriarqebis tolad~.190

ismis kiTxva, ramdenad Seesabameba simarTles qarTul matianeebSi gad-

mocemuli cnobebi vaxtang gorgaslis mier saqarTvelos gaerTianebis Sesaxeb,

Sevida Tu ara vaxtangis saxelmwifoSi dasavleTi da samxreTi saqarTve-

lo? vaxtang gorgasali mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mefe iyo, Tu

erTiani saqarTvelosi?

d. musxeliSvili, rogorc aRiniSna, wers: ̀ leonti mrovelis istoriuli

koncefciis Tanaxmad, rogorc cnobilia, V saukunis meore naxevris gamoCe-

nili politikuri moRvawe vaxtang gorgasali iyo gamaerTianebeli dasav-

leT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelosi. istorikosis am cnobas, romelic iv.

javaxiSvilis gamokvlevebis Semdeg CaTvlili iyo legendarulad, zogier-

Ti istorikosi miiCnevs savsebiT realurad. epoqis Tanadrouli bizanti-

uri da somxuri wyaroebis analizis safuZvelze Cven SevecadeT dagves-

abuTebina, rom leonti mrovelis mowmoba Seesabameba sinamdviles da rom

qarTlis mefem vaxtang gorgasalma namdvilad gaaerTiana dasavleTi da

aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo V s-is 60-70-ian wlebSi da egrisis yofili

mmarTveli Tavis erisTavad gaxada... Cven ar gamovricxavT SesaZleblobas

msgavsi politikuri situaciis arsebobisa farnavazis dros~.191

vaxtangis mier daarsebuli saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos sazRvrebi, cxa-

dia, emTxveoda saxelmwifos sazRvrebs da qarTuli eklesia Tavis iuris-

diqcias SavizRvispireTSic axorcielebda.

cnobilia, rom Zveli qarTuli matianeebi, istoriuli qronikebi da is-

torikosebi mudam dabejiTebiT miiCnevdnen, rom iberia, anu qarTli ewode-

boda vrcel teritorias, romelic gadaWimuli iyo Savi zRvidan albaneTam-

de da somxeTamde, rom qarTli ewodeboda ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTve-

los, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelosac da misi dasavleTi sazRvari iwyebo-

da SavizRvispireTSi jer mdinare egriswylidan, xolo Semdgom mdinare

klisuridan. es istoriuli koncefcia Cveni Tanamedrove istorikosebis

mier ratomRac miCneul iqna XI s-Si Camoyalibebulad, TiTqosda aRmosav-

leT saqarTvelos, ̀ qarTlis~, sxva kuTxeebze hegemonobis dros. magram iyo

Tu ara XI s-Si `qarTli~ saqarTvelos hegemoni?

d. musxeliSvili amasTan dakavSirebiT wers: `X s-is dasawyisidan (904

w.), Tu IX s-is 70-ian wlebidan ara, swored qarTli warmoadgens dasavleT

saqarTvelos e.w. afxazeTis samefos erT-erT saerisTavos. politikuri


hegemonia ara mxolod X s-Si, aramed mTeli XI s-is ganmavlobaSic (ufro

zustad 1122 wlamde) ekuTvnoda dasavleT saqarTvelos. Sesabamisad, arc

XI s-saTvis... da arc IX-X ss-ze adre... araviTari `istoriuli koncefcia~,

an ̀ politikuri ideologia~, an ̀ Teoria~, romlis Tanaxmadac, ̀ saqarTvelo

ganixileboda ZvelTaganve erTianad~ da `qarTli mis saTaveSi mdgomad~,

SeuZlebelia Camoyalibebuliyo. swored amitom Cven uarvyofdiT imis Sesa-

Zleblobas, rom leonti mrovelis politikuri koncefcia SeiZleboda Se-

muSavebuliyo misi Tanadrouli politikuri situaciis gavleniT... marTlac,

mecxre saukuneSi gamoricxulia iseTi politikuri situaciis warmoqmna,

romelsac SeeZlo ganepirobebina qarTlis meTaurobiT aRmosavleT da dasav-

leT saqarTvelos erTianobis politikuri koncefciis warmoqmna. qarTlSi

jer kidev arabebi batonobdnen da es provincia warmoadgenda arabTa,

kaxeTis mflobelTa, qarTvel da somex bagratidebs Soris gauTavebeli

samxedro Setakebebis sarbiels. dasavleT saqarTvelos Sesaxeb TiTqmis

araferi ismoda, magram Zalze niSandoblivia, rom swored IX s-Si iwyeba

dasavleT saqarTvelos (`afxazTa~) mefeebis samxedro reidebi qarTlSi...

aravin uaryofs, rom `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~-s qronikaluri nawilis, sab-

oloo redaqcia Seiqmna IX s-Si. m. CxartiSvili, romelmac specialurad

Seiswavla es nawili, VII s-is Sua wlebsac ki Tvlis am qronikis ara

Seqmnis, aramed morigi redaqtirebis drod. yovel SemTxvevaSi, CvenTvis

saintereso cnoba qarTlis samefos uZveles sazRvarTa Sesaxeb ueWvelad

unda mivakuTvnoT am qronikis yvelaze adreul redaqcias da yvelaze Zvel

wyaroebs. amaSi eWvi ar epareboda s. janaSias, is Tvlida, rom `yvelaze

bunebrivia~, warmoqmna cneba ̀ qarTlisa~, romelic Tavis TavSi Seicavda dasavleT

saqarTvelosac (egrissac), vivaraudoT ara IX s-Si, aramed swored VII s-is I

naxevarSi. s. janaSia varaudobda, rom es iyo sruliad saqarTvelos saekle-

sio-sakulto, an saeklesio-organizaciuli erToba. aseTi varaudi Cven xe-

lovnurad gveCveneba, radgan ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ cnoba ueWvelad iTval-

iswinebs sruliad gansazRvrul (Camoyalibebul) politikur koncefcias...

epoqis Tanadrouli bizantiuri da somxuri wyaroebis analizis safuZ-

velze Cven SevecadeT dagvemtkicebina, rom leonti mrovelis cnoba Seesa-

bameba sinamdviles da rom qarTlis mefe vaxtang gorgasalma namdvilad

gaaerTiana dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo V saukunis 60-70-ian

wlebSi da egrisis yofili mmarTveli Tavis erisTavad gaixada. amgvarad,

Cven SevecadeT mogvesinja is realur-istoriuli niadagi, romelzedac

SeiZleboda dafuZnebuliyo dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ZirZve-

li erTianobis politikuri koncefcia, romelic XI saukunis istorikoss

leonti mrovels ekuTvnis. roca vaxtang gorgaslis epoqas vvaraudobdiT

leonti mrovelis politikuri koncefciis Seqmnis safuZvlad, Cven ar gam-

ovricxavdiT msgavsi politikuri situaciis arsebobas farnavazis dros.~192


farnavazis Tanamedrove istorikosi megasTene III saukuneSi qristeSobam-

de werda, rom iberebi cxovroben Savi zRvis sanapiroze. es aris mowmoba

imisa, rom farnavazisdroindeli berZnuli samyaro SavizRvispireTSi mcx-

ovreb egriselebs da sxva qarTul tomebs iberebad miiCnevda, swored iseve,

rogorc qarTveli Zveli istorikosebi miiCnevdnen megrelebs, klarjebsa

da sxva kuTxis mcxovreblebs qarTvelebad.

`III saukuneSi Cvens welTaRricxvamde mosxebis mTeli qveyana (e.i. aWarac)

miekuTvneboda qarTls (iberias). sxvaTa Soris, amis dasadastureblad gamodge-

ba farnavazis Tanamedrovis, Cvens welTaRricxvamde III saukunis dasawyisis

istorikos megasTenis cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom iberebi cxovroben `pontos

marjvena napirzeo~. es pirdapiri mowmoba erTmniSvnelovnad gulisxmobs,

rom swored III saukunis dasawyisSi Cv.w.aR-mde qarTlis samefo samxreT-

dasavleTiT gadioda zRvaze da Sesabamisad, unda vifiqroT, masSi Sedioda

aWara da klarjeTi~.193

Cveni azriT, megasTenes cnobaSi, rom iberebi Savi zRvis napirze cx-

ovroben, unda vigulisxmoT ara marto aWara da klarjeTi, aramed egrisic.

Savi zRvis piras mcxovreb iberebSi uTuod egriselebic igulisxmeba. Cans,

swored amis Sesaxeb unda miuTiTebdes sxva berZeni istorikosi dionisios

periegeti, romelic iberebs aseve SavizRvispireTSi mcxovrebad miiCnevs,

oRond jiqebisa da henioxebis mezoblad. miiCneven, rom dionisios periege-

ti cxovrobda imperatorebis avgustosis da neronis dros (SeiZleba saukuniT

adre an gvian).

dionisios periegeti Tavis `dedamiwis aRwerilobaSi~ pirdapir wers,

rom iberebi cxovroben SavizRvispireTSi, gulisxmobs ara samxreTSi, mdinare

WoroxTan, aramed CrdiloeTSi.

`...ai, amdenni cxovroben mdinare istrosis irgvliv. axla ki mixede evropis

danarCen sazRvars, romelic sammagi napiriT aris gadaWimuli aRmosavleTi-

saken, aqedan erTia iberTa, meore panelinTa da mesame vaJkac avsonTa. magram es

aris saocar iberTa ukanaskneli mezobeli okeanisken, dasavleTisaken~.194

aqedan Cans, rom iberebis sacxovrisi aris Sav zRvasTan, `istrosTan~.

Cans, igulisxmeba SavizRvispireTis Crdilo aRmosavleTi. am cnobas exmi-

aneba imave istorikosis sxva cnoba, rom iberebi arian mezoblebi ̀ kamarite-

bisa~. rusi komentatoris Tanaxmad, kamaritebis ̀ saxelwodeba warmoqmnilia

Taviseburi zRvis navebis, `kamarebisagan~. strabonis aRweriT am navebis

mflobelebi iyvnen aqeelebi, zigebi da henioxebi, romlebic, rogorc Cans,

unda gavaigiveoT dionisesTan xsenebul `kamaritebTan~.195

dionise periegeti, iseve rogorc sxva Zveli avtorebi (maT Soris Zveli

qarTveli istorikosebi), miiCnevs, rom roca iberebi (qarTvelebi) movidnen

saqarTveloSi, maT aq sxva xalxi daxvdaT, romelTac sZlies qarTvelebma.

fasisis Semdego, _ wers is _ ̀ misgan Crdilo aRmosavleTisaken mdebareobs


yeli kaspiis da evqsinis zRvas Soris. masze cxovrobs iberTa aRmosav-

luri tomi, romelic odesRac pirenedan movida aRmosavleTSi da hir-

kanielebTan sastiki brZola hqonda~.196

axali arqeologiuri monacemebi miuTiTebs, rom kolxeTi qarTvelebis

sacxovrisia adreantikur epoqaSive.

`ukanasknel dros Zalze saintereso faqtebi gamovlinda arqeologiuri

gamokvlevebiT adreantikur kolxeTSi (dasavleT saqarTveloSi). axlaxan

gamoqveynda statia arqeolog g. gamyreliZisa, romelSic Sekrebilia, Sei-

Zleba iTqvas, mTeli arqeologiuri masala CvenTvis saintereso epoqisa am

regionSi... rogorc cnobili xdeba, arqeologiuri Seswavla dasavleT

saqarTvelosi aCvenebs, rom IV saukunis meore naxevridan (Cven welTaR-

ricxvamde) TvalsaCino xdeba materialuri kulturis gansxvaveba zRvispi-

ra zolisa da Sida kolxeTisa. es aixsneba axali Zlieri talRiT, romelic

qarTlidan (iberiidan) modioda da romelic gamoixateba damarxvis axali

wesiT, axali, aRmosavleT qarTuli formiT da teqnikiT, keramikis gaforme-

bisa da arqiteqturis axali formebiT. aranaklebi mniSvneloba aqvs amasTan

kavSirSi vanis qalaqis gaTxrebSi aRmoCenil `armazuli~ damwerlobis

fragmentebs Zv.w.aR-iT II-I ss. fenebSi, romelic Semdeg aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

axasiaTebda~.197

dasavleT saqarTvelo rom farnavazis samefoSi Sedioda, amis Sesaxeb

wers uZvelesi qarTuli wyaro `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~. iberiaSi Sedioda

ara marto egrisi, aramed svaneTic.

`rogori winaaRmdegobac ar unda gamoiwvios g. gamyreliZis zemoTmoyva-

nilma mosazrebam, arqeologiuri masala IV-III ss. Cvens welTaRricxvamde

dasavleT saqarTvelodan ueWvelad mxars uWers ZvelqarTul mematianeTa

mowmobas da, yovel SemTxvevaSi, arafriT ar gamoricxavs dasavleT saqarTve-

los didi nawilis kuTvnilebas iberiis samefosadmi.

sxvaTa Soris, am konteqstSi, Cven Zalze sainteresod gveCveneba strabo-

nis mowmoba, romelic ZvelqarTul tom svanebze moTxrobisas, gvacnobebs,

rom `zogierTebi maT iberielebs uwodeben~ (XI, _ 18). es mowmoba daumsax-

ureblad aris ignorirebuli istorikosebis mier. SeiZleba, Seicavs infor-

macias iberebis (qarTebi) gardasuli xangrZlivi batonobis Sesaxeb svaneT-

Si. amasTan dakavSirebiT ar meCveneba zedmetad gavixsenoT, rom Semdgom,

adre bizantiur epoqaSi, Cven gvaqvs ueWveli faqti, roca `svanebi la-

zebTan konfliqtis dros dasaxmareblad iwveven iberebs (da sparselebs).~198

yovelive zemoT moyvaniliT mxolod imis daskvna SeiZleba, rom qarTvel-

Ta samefoSi vaxtang gorgaslamde da mis drosac Sedioda mTeli dasavle-

Ti saqarTvelo (aWara, egrisi, svaneTi da, cxadia, argveTi). amitomac IV

saukuneSive erTiani qarTuli eklesiis Camoyalibebis dros mTel dasav-

leT saqarTveloSi saeklesio ena iyo qarTuli ena, berZnul enasTan erTad,


iseve rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. gansakuTrebiT es iTqmis gorgas-

lis epoqaze. vaxtangma gaaerTiana saqarTvelo da Seqmna saqarTvelos

sakaTalikoso. da Tu es namdvilad ase iyo, maSin ueWvelia, wirva-locvisa

da mRvdelmsaxurebis ena dasavleT saqarTveloSi (egrisSi, svaneTSi da

sxvagan) iyo qarTuli ena, berZnulTan erTad.

Cven matianeSi TvalnaTliv Cans, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos erT nawil-

Si berZnuli ena, rogorc erTaderTi saeklesio ena, SeiZleba danergiliyo

VII saukunis dasawyisSi, imis Semdeg, rac zRvispira vrceli teritoriebi

herakle keisarma saqarTvelos samefos CamoaWra. argveTi da misi mom-

ijnave teritoriebi ar Sedioda bizantiis imperiaSi, amitomac aq Zvele-

buradve qarTulenovani wirva-locva tardeboda. d. musxeliSvili wers:

`Cven, Cveni mxridan, aseve vTvlidiT, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos gansazRvruli

nawili (istoriuli provincia imereTis marjvena sanapiro) VII-IX sauku-

neebSi SeiZleba emorCileboda qarTlis kaTalikosis iurisdiqcias da, Se-

sabamisad, saeklesio msaxureba aq sruldeboda qarTul enaze~.199

cxadia, vaxtang gorgaslis dros, roca man mTeli saqarTvelo gaaerTiana

mis saxelmwifoSi, saeklesio ena iyo qarTuli ena, radganac saeklesio

kanonTa Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos Tavisi iurisdiqcia mTel

saxelmwifoSi unda ganexorcielebina.

ara marto dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed samxreT saqarTveloSi, klar-

jeTsa da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ukidures kuTxeebSi _ hereTsa da

gugareTSi vaxtang gorgaslis dros saeklesio ena iyo qarTuli ena, radga-

nac wesis Tanaxmad, yvela am mxareze saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos unda

ganexorcielebina Tavisi iurisdiqcia.

ivane javaxiSvili wers, rom gugarqi vaxtangis samefoSi Sedioda:

`mexuTe saukuneSiac, magaliTad, vaxtang gorgasalis mefobaSi gugareTi

winandeburad iberiis samefos sazRvrebSi Sedioda, magram marto poli-

tikurad ki ara, aramed saeklesio weswyobilebis mxrivac igi saqarTvelos

ganuyofel nawils Seadgenda: rogorc me-6 saukunis damdegs momxdar saek-

lesio krebis monawile mRvdelmTavarTa siidan Cans, bolnisis, curtavis da

rusTavis saepiskoposoebi mcxeTis kaTalikoss eqvemdebarebodnen.

gugareTis saqarTvelosTan dakavSirebis simtkice da misi ganuyreli

kuTvnileba SemdegSi momxdarma ubedurebamac gamoaaSkarava, rodesac sparsTa

mier daaxloebiT 537 wels aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mefoba Zalmomreo-

biT mospobil iqna da qveyanas TviT sparsTa Sahebi daepatronen, aseT

ukidures gaWirvebisa da politikuri bedis ukuRmarTobis drosac gugare-

Ti saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi Sedioda. meSvide saukunis damdegsac, roca

qarTvelTa da somexTa Soris sarwmunoebrivi uTanxmoeba da mtroba Camo-

varda, romelic am ori eklesiis sruli ganxeTqilebiT da ganSorebiT

damTavrda, igi kvlavindeburad qarTul eklesias ekuTvnoda. saqarTvelos


am politikuri dakninebisa da gansacdelis xanaSic rom gugareTi mar-

Tlac kvlav saqarTvelos ekuTvnoda, sulierad da politikurad masTan iyo

mWidrod dakavSirebuli, amas TviT somxurive meSvide saukuneSi Sedgenili

saistorio geografiac cxadad amtkicebs. aq pirdapir naTqvamia, rom es

qveyana am dros qarTvelebis xelSi iyo~.200

marTlac, VII saukunis somxuri geografia wers, rom gugarqi mTlianad

da misi yoveli gavari dasaxlebuli iyo mxolod qarTvelebiT, aq aravi-

Tari miniSneba ar aris gugarqSi romelime sxva eris cxovrebis Sesaxeb.

`VII saukunis anonimur somxur geografiaSi naTqvamia: `gugarqi mdebare-

obs utis dasavleTiT da Sedgeba cxra gavarisagan, romlebic uWiravT

qarTvelebs: Zorofori, wobofori, kolbofori, taSiri, TrialeTi, kangarqi,

artahani, javaxqi, klarjqi...~201

vaxtang gorgaslis drosac gugarqi dasaxlebulia qarTvelebiT, gugarqi

qarTvelTa qveyanaa V saukunis somexi istorikosis lazar farpecis cnobiT.

is, wers: `qarTvelTa qveynidan wavidnen bdeSxi arSuSa da qveynis sxva

tanuterebi~.202 ̀ qarTvelTa qveyanaSi swored gugareTis sapitiaxSo igulisxmeba.

gugarqi qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli qveyana iyo iqamdec, magram xSirad

somxeTis saxelmwifos sazRvrebis SigniT eqceoda, amitomac Tavisi mezobe-

li albaneTis `utis~ provinciis msgavsad ganicdida armenizacias. gugar-

qis qarTvelebi iTvisebdnen somxur kulturasa da somxur enas.

`gugarqi jer kidev II saukuneSi Zv.w.aR-iT waarTves somxebma iberias

(straboni). somxeTis samefoSi igi calke erTeulad, sapitiaxSod Camoyali-

bda. amas, Cans, xels uwyobda isic, rom igi eTnikurad gansxvavdeboda.

gugarqs hqonda midrekileba isev iberias dabruneboda. asec moxda kidevac

387 wels~.203

iv. javaxiSvili wers: `strabonis drosac I saukunis dasasruls qristes

welTaRricxvamde da I saukunis damdegs qristes Semdeg es kuTxe jer kidev

somexTa xelSi yofila. magram 35 wlidan qristes Semdeg moyolebuli, rode-

sac tacitis sityviT, iberiis mefeebi imdenad Zlierni iyvnen, rom somxeTSi

SemoWril sparselebs ebrZodnen, da roca TviT somxeTSic ki qarTveli

ufliswuli gamefda, cxadia, mdgomareoba TvalsaCinod unda Secvliliyo.

SesaZlebelia, amave dros qarTvelebs somexTa mier miTvisebuli gugareTic

ukan daebrunebinaT. amas is megobruli ganwyobilebac gvafiqrebinebs, romel-

ic aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mefeebs romis keisrebTan hqondaT~.204

saukuneTa manZilze qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli gugarqi somxeTis saxelm-

wifos xelT iyo. amitomac es kuTxe, albaneTis msgavsad, armenizaciis pro-

cess ver aicilebda. rogorc VI, ise VII saukuneebSi gugarqi qarTuli

eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda, rasac ver urigdeboda aqauri Temis

episkoposi monofiziti mose, romelic cdilobda Tavisi samwyso gamoeyvana

qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciidan da Seeyvana somxuri eklesiis iuris-


diqciaSi. xelsayreli politikuri situaciis dadgomisTanave, kirion qarT-

lis kaTalikosma gugarqSi aRadgina qarTulenovani RvTismsaxureba. kirio-

nis am moqmedebam safuZveli daudo ara somxebis `gaqarTvelebas~, rogorc

miiCnevs zogierTi qarTveli istorikosi,205 aramed `somxurenovani~ qarTu-

li mosaxleobisaTvis aRdga vaxtang gorgaslis dros arsebuli qarTule-

novani wirva-locva.

vaxtang gorgaslis mier daarsebuli saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos aRmo-

savleTi sazRvari hereTsac moicavda. jer kidev wmida ninom, `moqcevaA

qarTlisaAs~ Tanaxmad, iqadaga albaneTis zogierT kuTxeSi: `moqcevaA

qarTlisaASi~ naTqvamia: `da nino STavida kxoeTa da dadga kawareTs da

monaTlna kxoelni da sojni eriTurT maTiT da gardavida kaxeTa da dadga

qcel dabas da moiyvanna kaxni mTavarni da monaTlna~.206

mose xorenelis Tanaxmad, wmida ninom iqadaga albaneTSi vidre masquTe-

bamde, romelic kaspiis zRvispireTSi mdebareobda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom aRmosavleTSi am mogzaurobis dros wmida nino das-

neulda da amis gamo is ukanve gamoemgzavra mcxeTaSi, magram mcxeTaSi

misvla ver SeZlo da gzaSi, daba bodSi gardaicvala. swored asea aRwer-

ili uZveles qronikaSi _ ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaA~: ̀ da dasneulda da warmoe-

marTa mcxeTad da viTarca moiwia kxoeTs da dabasa, romelsa hqrYan bodini,

veRara eZlo slvad...~207

`moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ cnobebi wmida ninos Sesaxeb sando unda iyos, radga-

nac es cnobebi, e.i. zemoT moyvanili ambavi, Cawerili Cans IV saukunis bolos,

qarTvelTa mefis Trdatis dros, radganac am qronikisaTvis (wmida ninos

Sesaxeb CanawerisaTvis) ukanaskneli qarTveli mefe aris Trdati. aq wmida

ninos Sesaxeb naTqvamia: ̀ gardavida erwud da dadga JaleTs, dabasa, edems, da

naTel-sca erwu-TianelTa. da yuarelTa esma ese da gardakrbes ToSeTa, romelni

ukanaAsknel ipovnes; Trdat mefeman moiyvanna da monaTlna~.208

aqedan aSkaraa, qronikis am adgilis CanawerisaTvis ukanaskneli, misi

Tanamedrove, mefe aris Trdati (393-405 ww.).

saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos sazRvrebi vaxtang gorgaslis dros vr-

clad yofila gadaWimuli da is, qalkedonis me-17 da sxva kanonebis

Sesabamisad, emTxveoda saero-samoqalaqo, anu saxelmwifos sazRvrebs. amit-

omac is Tavis iurisdiqcias axorcielebda dasavleT saqarTvelos mTel

miwa-wyalze (maT Soris egrisze), romlis sazRvari mdinare klisurze ga-

dioda. aRmosavleTSi ki sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi qarTl-kaxeTTan erTad

Sedioda klarjeTi, gugareTi da hereTi. am dros mTeli sakaTalikosos

sazRvrebSi wirva-locvisa da RvTismsaxurebis ena iyo qarTuli.

vaxtang gorgasalma Tavisi saeklesio reformis Semdeg SeZlo eklesia

saxelmwifos kontrolisaTvis daeqvemdebarebina, msgavsad bizantiisa da

sparseTisa. amis Semdeg eklesiis ierarqTa didi avtoriteti da Zalaufle-

ba aRar upirispirdeboda xelmwifis interesebs.


vaxtang gorgasalma saqarTvelos daubruna berZenTa mier mitacebuli ter-

itoriebi samxreT da dasavleT saqarTveloSi. man araTu aRadgina qarTlis

samefos Zveli sazRvrebi, aramed Sehmata mas axali teritoria, moqceuli

mdinareebs egriswyalsa da klisuras Soris. gazarda da gaafarTova eklesi-

is sazRvrebi, moawyo is, rogorc ̀ samamamTavro~ eklesia-sakaTalikoso.

Teoriebi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb saukuneTa manZilze gamoTqmuli

iyo ori gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi. pirvelis mixedviT, qarTuli eklesia

daafuZna ierusalimidan Camosulma wmida mociqulma andria pirvelwode-

bulma da amitomac is avtokefaluri iyo dafuZnebisTanave, I-II saukunee-

bidanve, iseve, rogorc yvela sxva mociqulis mier im droisaTvis daarsebu-

li eklesiebi msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi.

aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisi, rom qarTuli eklesia daarsebisTanave avtoke-

faluri iyo, saqarTveloSi gabatonebuli iyo Sua saukuneebSi da Tavisi

gansakuTrebuli gamoxatuleba hpova wmida giorgi mTawmidelis pasuxSi

antioqiis patriarqTan kamaTis dros, 1054-1056 wlebSi. Tvalsazriss andria

pirvelwodebulisa da sxva mociqulebis, agreTve II-III saukuneebSi romis

imperiidan Camosuli qristiani misionerebis mier saqarTveloSi qristianobis

gavrcelebisa da maT mier eklesiis dafuZnebis Sesaxeb mxars uWers qarTu-

li, berZnuli, laTinuri da sxva wyaroebi. II-III saukuneebSi ki, TiTqmis IV

saukunis miwurulamde, im drois msoflio eklesiaSi arsebuli kanonebis

Tanaxmad, yoveli saepiskoposo da saeklesio ̀ samTavro~ avtokefaluri iyo,

gansakuTrebiT ki imperiis sazRvrebs gareT `barbarosTa~ qveynebSi arsebu-

li saeklesio `samTavroebi~ da saepiskoposoebi.

meore Tvalsazriss _ V-XI saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesiisaTvis avtoke-

faliis miniWebis Sesaxeb _ Zalze susti sabuTebi aqvs. b. lominaZe wers:

`qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis dasabuTebisas istoriul cnobaTa sim-

ciris gamo Zveli da Tanamedrove mkvlevarebi umTavresad amodian vaxtang

gorgaslis droindeli saqarTvelos sagareo da saSinao politikuri vi-

Tarebidan, romelic qveynis mesaWes SesaZleblobas aZlevda eZia eklesiuri

damoukidebloba da mieRwia misTvis~.209

Tvalsazrisi, romlis Tanaxmadac qarTul eklesias avtokefalia mieniWa

V-XI ss-Si, ZiriTadad efuZneba qarTveli moRvawis, efrem mciris Txzule-

bas, aseve balsamonis erTi cnobis Tavisebur gagebas. ivane javaxiSvilma

sagangebod gamoikvlia qarTuli eklesiis uflebrivi damokidebulebisa da

TviTmwysobis da wesebis Sesaxeb arsebuli Teoriebi da gamoTqva aseTi azri:

`prof. n. mari, ueWvelia, marTalia agreTve, rodesac amtkicebs, rom qarTu-

li eklesiis antioqiis patriarqisagan uflebrivi damokidebulebis Sesax-

eb araviTari Zveli sando cnobebi ar moipoveba. magram amis Tqma gadaWriT


mxolod IX-XI ss-is Sesaxeb SeiZleba, uZveles xanisaTvis ki jer metad

mcire wyaroebia mkvlevaris xelT, rom am sakiTxis ase Tu ise gadaWris

ufleba hqondes~.210

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, ivane javaxiSvilis azriT, uZveles

dros (IX saukunemde mainc) qarTuli eklesiis antioqiis patriarqze uf-

lebrivi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb Zveli sando cnobebi ar moipoveba da

amitomac Znelia dabejiTebiT mtkiceba imisa, rom qarTuli eklesia antioq-

iis eklesiis iurisdiqciis qveS imyofeboda (magram aqtiuri urTierToba

hqonda am eklesiasTan).

iv. javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad, qarTuli eklesia arc ierusalimisa da arc

somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciis qveS ar yofila.

`amasTanave n. marisagan wamoyenebuli debulebisaTvisac, rom qarTuli

eklesia uflebrivad ierusalimis sapatriarqosagan unda yofiliyo damok-

idebuli, VII saukunis damdegis kYrion kaTalikosis epistolis garda,

romelSiac mxolod ierusalimis mamamTavris avtoritetia gamoyenebuli

dogmaturi uTanxmoebis gadasawyvetad da Tanac aRniSnulia, rom grigol

ganmanaTlebelma ierusalimis aRsareba moitana, sxva araviTari sabuTi ar

arsebobs. wmida ninos Satberduli cxovrebis cnoba, rogorc cnobilia,

mermindelsa da tendenciur CanarTsa da natyuar SenaTxzsac warmoadgens.

amitom misi damowmeba ar SeiZleba. amnairad, arc ierusalimis patriarqis-

gan damokidebulebis damadasturebeli, ueWveli dasayrdeni cnoba ar moi-

poveba. maSasadame, gvrCeba mxolod debuleba qarTuli eklesiis uZveles

xanaSi dvinis kaTalikosisgan damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, romelic asuruli

VI s-is Zeglis cnobazea damyarebuli. viTarca Zveli cnoba, igi gansakuTre-

buli yuradRebis Rirsia... asuruli CanarTi cnobis sazRvrebi unda ufro

mWidrod SemoizRudos: igi ar SeiZleba 450 wlis uwinaresi iyos, aramed V

s-is me-2 naxevrisa. maSasadame, asuruli CanarTi nawyveti srulebiT somx-

ur-qarTul-albanuri eklesiebis uZveles xanas ar ekuTvnis da aq aravi-

Tari cnoba ar moipoveba kavkasiis xuTi qristiani erisaTvis saerTo kaTa-

likosis Sesaxeb. am cnobiT, arc qarTuli eklesiis dvinis kaTalikosisagan

damokidebulebis debuleba marTldeba.~211

iv. javaxiSvilis zemoT moyvanili azrebidan Cans, rom I-IV saukuneebSi

da V saukunis Sua wlebamde (vaxtang gorgaslis saeklesio reformamde)

ar arsebobs damadasturebuli sabuTebi qarTuli eklesiis ierarqiuli

daqvemdebarebisa antioqiis, ierusalimis an somxuri eklesiebisadmi.

iv. javaxiSvili wers: `qarTuli eklesiis somexTa kaTalikosisagan uf-

lebrivi damokidebulebis damcvelebs sabuTad, rogorc gamoirkva, mxolod

ori cnoba moepovebaT: uZvelesi xanisaTvis agaTangelos-faustosisa da VI

s-is damlevisaTvis ioane kaTalikosisa da uxtanesisa. faustosis cnoba

damoukidebel mowmobas ar warmoadgens, aramed imave agaTangelosis Txzu-


lebazea damyarebuli da grigol ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis arabulis

msgavsi redaqcia unda hqondes mas safuZvlad, romelSiac grigoli somxe-

bis garda qarTvelTa, albanelTa, afxazTa, TviT durZukTa da masquTTa

gamaqristianebladac aris gamoyvanili. swored am orsave cnobaSi mox-

senebuli `masquTni~ saukeTesod amJRavneben faustosis mowmobis am wyaro-

sa da sadaurobas. agaTangelosis saxeliT cnobili nawarmoebi ki, rogorc

aRniSnuli gvqonda, saxelnatyuar VI saukunis tendenciur Txzulebas war-

moadgens, romelSiac istoriuli sinamdvilis niSanwyalic ki ar aris. am

cnobas iseTive Rirebuleba aqvs, ra Rirebulebisacaa amave agaTangelosis

cnoba grigolis mTeli kavkasiis ganmanaTleblobis Sesaxeb. cxadia, aseT

mowmobaze damyareba ar SeiZleba.

axla gansaxilvelia ioane kaTalikosisa da uxtanesis cnobebi kYrionis

Sesaxeb... sabednierod, Tanamedrove mkvlevars sruli saSualeba aqvs ioane

kaTalikosisa da uxtanesis am cnobaTa siswore Seamowmos im miwer-moweris

wyalobiT, romelic `epistoleTa wignSia~ daculi. swored am werilidan

Cans, rom somexTa eklesiis mesaWe patriarqis wodebulebis mqonebeli ar

yofila... sxvanairad arc SeiZleba yofiliyo, radgan TviT msoflio eklesi-

is patriarqebic ki VII saukunemde TavianT Tavs iSviaTad Tu uwodebdnen

patriarqs, aramed mxolod VIII-IX saukuneebSi xdeba es saxeli Cveulebriv

wodebulebad... kYrion kaTalikosi rom marTlac somexTa kaTalikosisagan

yofiliyo xeldasxmuli da nakurTxi, rogorc ioane kaTalikosi da uxtane-

si amboben, warmoudgenelia, rom es garemoeba mainc somexTa eklesiis mmarTve-

li wreebis warmomadgenlebs an mxolod TviT abraams gamwvavebuli kamaTi-

sa da miwer-moweris dros mainc ar wamoeyvedrebinoT, Cveni nakurTxi xar

da aseTi umaduroba ki gamoiCineo. amasTanave kYrioni rom somexTa kaTali-

kosisgan ierarqiul-uflebrivad damokidebuli yofiliyo, abraam kaTaliko-

sis moqmedebac qarTvelTa kaTalikosis winaaRmdeg sxvanairi iqneboda.

abraams SeeZlo kYrioni gadayenebulad gamoecxadebina. araferi amis msgav-

si ki abraamis ukanasknel mrgvlivmosavlel epistoleSi ar aris da eg

garemoebac kaTalikosis uflebrivad damokidebulebis debulebas metad

saTuoda xdis~.212

rogorc ukve aRniSnuli iyo, vaxtang gorgaslis mier kaTalikosobis

dawesebamde qarTuli eklesia ierarqiulad msoflios arc erT sxva ekle-

siaze damokidebuli ar yofila. Semdgom saukuneebSi ki, kerZod, VI-X sauku-

neebSi ramdenime mezobelma eklesiam moiwadina da moindoma qarTuli

eklesia Tavisi ierarqiuli daqvemdebarebis qveS myofad warmoedgina. ker-

Zod, rogorc berZnebi, ise somxebi zogadad werdnen daaxloebiT ase: marTa-

lia, qarTuli eklesia amJamad avtokefaluria, magram winaT is Cveni eklesi-

is ierarqiuli daqvemdebarebis qveS imyofebodao. asea es rogorc somxur

(`epistoleTa wigni~), iseve berZnul-bizantiur zogierT wyaroSi (mag. ̀ anti-


oqiur xronoRrafSi~). msoflio eklesia im droisaTvis or ideologiur

banakad _ aRmosavlur-somxur-monofizitur da berZnul-qalkedonitur ba-

nakad iyo gayofili, orive erTmaneTis moqiSpe banaki cdilobda pretenzia

ganecxadebina qarTul eklesiaze.

qarTuli eklesia somxurze ierarqiulad damokidebuli rom ar yofila

arc I-V da arc VI-X saukuneebSi, es gamoarkvia iv. javaxiSvilma. berZnuli

sapatriarqoebi VI-X saukuneebSi Seecadnen qarTuli eklesia ierarqiulad

maTze damokidebulad warmoesaxaT, rasac, kerZod, asaxva upovia antioqiaSi

Sedgenil `xronoRrafSi~, romelic Tavis wyarod gamoiyena efrem mcirem

da amiT safuZveli daudo Semdeg saukuneebSi mraval mcdar Sexedulebas.

efrem mcirem qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb gamoTqva Tval-

sazrisi, romelic imeorebda berZnuli wyaroebisas. ̀ XI saukunis Sua wleb-

sa da meore naxevarSi qarTuli eklesiis uflebrivi mdgomareobis sakiTxi

berZnuli wyaroebis mixedviT iqna Seswavlili. efrem mcire Tavis cnobil

gamokvlevaSi, ̀ uwyebaA mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa, Tu romelTa wignTa

Sina moiKsenebis~, sxva sakiTxTa Soris im problemasac Seexo, `Tu odes

iwyes TYT KelTdasxmad, viTarmed ara TYnier wesisa da brZanebisa~. cnoba

am sakiTxis Sesaxeb mas upovia `xronoRrafsa Sina antioqias aRwerilsa~...

am cnobis mixedviT, ase gamodis, rom VII saukunis damdegidan moyolebuli

VIII saukunis Sua wlebamdis qarTul eklesiasa da antioqiis eklesias

Soris kavSiri Sewyvetili yofila. am gancxadebis Tanaxmad, safiqrebeli

xdeba, rom manamde, VII saukunis damdegamde, qarTuli eklesiis saWeTmpyro-

beli xeldasxmisaTvis antioqiaSi midioda iqaur patriarqTan~.213

am `antioqiur xronoRrafSi~ Semdegi yofila moTxrobili: VIII saukunis

Sua wlebSi antioqiis patriarq Teofilaktesa (745-751) da imperator

konstantine skoris (741-775) dros iberiidan antioqiaSi Casulma orma

monazonma ganacxada, rom anastas patriarqis Semdeg (albaT, mowame anasta-

si II (602-610) maT aRar ukurTxebiaT iberiis sayovelTao episkoposi (kaTa-

likosi). Teofilaktem moiwvia episkoposTa kreba, romelmac gamosca weri-

lobiTi nebarTva imisa, rom amis Semdeg iberTa eklesiis episkoposebis

mierve xeli dasxmoda iberTa kaTalikoss. iqve akurTxes iberTa axali

kaTalikosi.

es cnoba mraval gaugebrobas iwvevs mkvlevarTa Soris. Tu am wyaros

vendobiT, TviT VIII saukunis Sua wlebSic ki qarTuli eklesia avtokefa-

luri ar yofila.

sinamdvileSi ki am `antioqiuri xronoRrafis~ cnoba Seexeba ara mcxe-

Tis sakaTalikoso eklesias, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesias.

rogorc XVII saukunis berZeni patriarqebis, ierusalimeli dosiTeosisa

da xrisanfis azriT, ise Cveni Tanamedrove qarTveli mecnieris v. goila-

Zis213 azriT, efrem mcires mier moZiebuli ̀ antioqiuri xronoRrafis~ cnoba


Seexeba afxazeTis, anu rogorc Zvelad dasavleT saqarTvelos uwodebdnen,

`qvemo iveriis~ eklesiis avtokefalias.

mraval berZnul wyaroSi aris aseTi cnoba: ìveriaSi ori avtokefaluri

eklesiaa, qvemo iveriisa da zemo iveriisa~. ̀ zemo iverias~ berZnebi uwodebdnen

aRmosavleTs, xolo `qvemo iverias~ `dasavleT saqarTvelos~. da wyaroebi

gulisxmoben qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebs.

àntioqiur xronoRrafSic~ ewera ara ̀ qarTli~, aramed ̀ iveria~, rogorc

efrem mciris Tanamedrove nikon SavmTelis slavuri Targmanidan Cans.

efrem mcires ki uTargmnia sityva ìberia~ da `qarTli~ dauweria.

maSasadame, ̀ antioqiur xronoRrafSi~ ewera: VIII saukuneSi iveriis ekle-

sias mianiWes (an cnes) avtokefalia antioqiaSio. marTlac, swored VIII

saukuneSi daarsda, qarTuli wyaroebis Tanaxmadac, afxazeTis avtokefaluri

eklesia. swored am eklesias uwodebdnen berZnebi ̀ qvemo iveriis~, an ubralod

iveriis eklesias.214

saqme Seexeba SavizRvispira im teritoriebs, romlebic VII saukunis

dasawyisSi herakle keisarma mostaca saqarTvelos. es teritoriebi Tanda-

Tan daibruna erT-erTma qarTulma (afxazeTis) saxelmwifom masze saekle-

sio avtokefaliis uflebiT (efrem mciris wyaroebis ufro dawvrilebiTi

gamokvleva ixileT aqve, paragrafSi ̀ arasruli avtokefalia~.) da mis baza-

ze VIII saukuneSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi daarsda afxazeTis sakaTaliko-

so, romelsac berZnebi `qvemo iveriis~ eklesias uwodebdnen.

meore sabuTi, romlis mixedviTac qarTuli eklesiis mier avtokefaliis

miRebas varaudoben V-XI saukuneebSi, es aris Teodore balsamonis cnoba

qarTuli eklesiis meTaurisTvis àrqiepiskoposis~ pativis miniWebis Sesax-

eb. sinamdvileSi is cnoba, romlidanac mohyavT zemoT moyvanili azri,

faqtiurad asaxavs balsamonis Tvalsazriss imis Sesaxeb, rom IV saukuneSi

qarTuli eklesia ukve avtokefaluri iyo, radganac es cnoba aris komen-

tari 381 wels Semdgari II msoflio krebis II kanonisa, im kanonisa, romel-

ic aRiarebda imperiaSi arsebuli zogierTi eklesiisa da imperiis gareT

`barbarosebis~ qveynebSi arsebuli eklesiebis avtokefalias. balsamonma

imitom daurTo qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb moxseneba II kre-

bis II kanonis komentars, rom es kanoni mas rogorc qarTuli, ise sxva

patara eklesiebis avtokefaliis safuZvlad miaCnda. unda aixsnas isic, Tu

ratom ayenebdnen eWvis qveS qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalias Semdegi sauku-

neebis berZeni istorikosebi: makariosi, dosiTeosi da sxvebi.

erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg (XV s.), yoveli qarTu-

li samefosa Tu samTavros meTauri cdilobda Tavis samefoSi (samTavroSi)

damoukidebeli eklesia hqonoda. am mizniT iwvevdnen ierusalimel an anti-

oqiel berebsa da ierarqebs (xandaxan patriarqebsac ki), didi gasamrje-

los fasad maT sTxovdnen daxmarebas TavianT samTavroSi mcxeTisgan

damoukidebeli eklesiis dasaarseblad.


pirvel rigSi mowveuli ierarqebi Seecadnen, am mizniT moepovebinaT

kanonikur-istoriuli sabuTebi. verc antioqiasa da verc ierusalimSi maT

aseTi sabuTebis moZieba ver SeZles. qarTuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad, am moqr-

Tamulma ierarqebma saqarTveloSive daiwyes maTTvis gamosadegi sabuTebis

moZieba. isini wina saukuneTa qarTul sigel-gujrebidan da matianeebidan

krefdnen cnobebs. maT mouZiebiaT da miugniaT mxolod efrem mciris zemoT

aRniSnuli Txzulebidan Cvens matianeebsa da xelnawerebSi gadasuli cnobe-

bisaTvis, amitomac dabejiTebiT unda iTqvas, makariosis, dosiTeosisa da

sxvaTa cnobebi qarTuli eklesiis uflebrivi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb

aris efrem mciris Txzulebis Taviseburi interpretacia. xolo rogorc

aRvniSneT, TviT efremma cnoba afxazeTis (qvemo iveriis) Sesaxeb SecdomiT

mcxeTis eklesiis cnobad miiCnia.

qarTuli eklesiis I-II saukuneebidanve avtokefaliis Sesaxeb unda iTq-

vas: marTalia, im qarTvel istorikosebs, romelnic XX saukunis dasawyisSi

ikvlevdnen qarTuli eklesiis avvtokefaliis sakiTxebs, ar swamdaT andria

pirvelwodebulis saqarTveloSi qadageba (amitomac warmoudgenlad miaCn-

daT qarTuli eklesiis arseboba pirvel saukuneebSi), magram rusul saek-

lesio wreebSi im dros ukve arsebobda azri imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTuli

eklesia Tavisi daarsebis dRidanve avtokefaluri iyo.215

imis gamo, rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis dawesebis Sesaxeb, Sei-

Zleba iTqvas, wyaroebi TiTqmis ar arsebobda, mkvlevarebma qarTuli ek-

lesiis avtokefalia daukavSires eklesiis meTaurisTvis kaTalikosis tit-

ulis miniWebas. sinamdvileSi ki eklesiis avtokefalia da misi meTauris

tituli gansxvavebuli cnebebia. maT erTmaneTTan ar akavSirebda efrem

mcire. magaliTad, efremis TvalsazrisiT, IV saukuneSi, daarsebisTanave, qarTuli

eklesiis meTaurs ukve hqonda tituli kaTalikosisa, Tumca, qarTuli ekle-

sia im dros, misi azriT, ara avtokefaluri, aramed antioqiis `saydris

momdgomi~ iyo. efremi wers. `egreTve saxelica mivlinebulisa mis episko-

posisaO esreT povnil ars, viTarmed TYT evstaTi iyo antioqel patriaqi,

romelman daamyara eklesiaA igi mirianis mier mcxeTas aRSenebuli. da

ukurTxa maT kaTalikosi mTavarepiskoposi... amier icnobebis Jami moqce-

visaA da viTarmed antioqisa saydrisa momdgom iyvnes da mier KelT-

dasxmul iqmnebodes qarTlisa kaTalikozni~.216

efremis es gancxadeba safuZvels moklebulia im mizezis gamo, rom igi

ar asaxelebs Tavis wyaros, garda amisa, amJamad cnobilia, rom qarTuli

eklesiis meTaurs `kaTalikosi~ ewoda ara IV, aramed V saukuneSi. garda

amisa, IV saukuneSi arc antioqiis eklesiis meTaurs hqonda `patriarqis~

wodeba. TxzulebaSi sxva ambebis aRweris dros efremi Tavis wyaroebs

asaxelebs, xolo am SemTxvevaSi ambobs `povnil ars... TYT evstaTi iyo

antioqel patriarqi~ unda vigulisxmoT, rom efremma Zebna da berZnul


wyaroebSi moiZia mxolod saxeli antioqiis eklesiis meTaurisa IV sauku-

nis 20-ian wlebSi. am wyaroSi, Cans, ar ewera evstaTisa da qarTuli eklesi-

is urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb, amitomac efremma wyaro ar daasaxela.

rogorc aRvniSneT, efremi ar ukavSirebda titul ̀ kaTalikossa~ da avto-

kefalias erTmaneTs. eseni erTmaneTs mecnierebma daukavSires XX saukune-

Si da ivaraudes, rom qarTuli eklesia maSin gaxda avtokefaluri, roca mis

meTaurs ewoda `kaTalikosi~, e.i. V saukuneSi.

marTlac, V saukuneSi, vaxtang gorgaslis dros, qarTul eklesiaSi momx-

dara didi cvlileba, reforma, romelic cnobili gamxdara antioqiis sapa-

triarqoSi da iq msjelobis sagani yofila. SeiZleba, swored amis gamoZax-

ilia Teodore balsamonis cnoba, romelic wyaroSi ki ar amoukiTxavs

balsamons, aramed sxvisgan mousmenia: `amboben, rom petre Teopolisis (e.i.

didi antioqiis) patriarqis dReebSi iyo sakrebulo gansazRvreba imis

Sesaxeb, rom iveriis eklesiebi, romlebic maSin antioqiis patriarqs emorCi-

lebodnen, iyvnen Tavisufali da damoukidebeli~.217

rogorc aRvniSneT, es cnoba balsamons wyaroSi ki ar unaxavs, aramed

gadmocema gaugonia. amitomac zogierTi mecnieri fiqrobda, rom aq lapar-

aki iyo XI saukunis antioqiis patriarq petreze, magram sxvebis Tval-

sazrisiT, aq laparakia antioqiis V saukunis patriarq petre fulonze.

vaxtang gorgaslis Rvawli qarTveli eris winaSe saukuneTa manZilze

moixseneboda da dauviwyari iyo. vaxtangs Cautarebia Zalze didi reforma

qarTul eklesiaSi, romelsac qarTuli eklesiisTvis miucia is saxe da is

mimarTuleba, romelic mas amJamad aqvs (kaTalikosoba da proberZnuli

orientacia). vaxtang gorgaslis dros sparseTi gaZlierebuli iyo da is

TanmimdevrobiT auqmebda amierkavkasiis qveynebis saxelmwifoebriobas, ase

magaliTad, 428 wels iranelebma somxeTSi mefoba gaauqmes, 463 wels ki

mefoba gaauqmes albaneTSi.

aseT dros mefe vaxtang gorgasalma, qarTuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad, SeZlo

gaeTavisuflebina saqarTvelo sparselebis batonobisgan. garda amisa, gaaTavisuf-

la berZnebis mier dapyrobili dasavleT da samxreT saqarTvelos miwebi.

vaxtangma gaaTavisufla sruliad saqarTvelo. is mecnierebi, romelTac

dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos gaerTianeba SeuZleblad miaCniaT,

ar erwmunebian qarTuli wyaroebis cnobebs, amitomac isini vaxtang gorga-

sals mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mefed miiCneven.

d. musxeliSvilma analizi gaukeTa bizantiur da somxur wyaroebs da

daadastura ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ monacemebi, rom vaxtangi erTiani saqarTvel-

os mefe iyo.218

vaxtang gorgaslis mier daarsebuli sakaTalikoso mravali saepiskopos-

osagan Sedgeboda. ̀ qarTul saepiskoposoTa sistema teritoriuli ganlage-

bis principiT sruliad analogiuri iyo bizantiuri wesisa. aqac da iqac


saeklesio sazRvrebi emTxveoda samoqalaqo-administraciul sazRvrebs da

terminebic saero-administraciidan gadavida saeklesioSi. aRmosavleTis eklesia

gansakuTrebulad savaldebulod xdida samoqalaqo-saero dayofis gadaRe-

bas saeklesioSi, ase rom, yovel cvlilebas saeroSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebi

unda mohyoloda saeklesioSi~ (qalkedonis IV ms. kr. kan. 13, 17 da sxva)..219

`rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos erTianobis xanaSi vaxtang gorgaslis dros

vake,220 margveTi221 da Takveri222 `mcxeTis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda~, jer

mTavarepiskoposis, Semdeg kaTalikosisa. momdevno xanaSi mTavarepiskoposs

mxolod `vake~ SerCa, vidre XVI saukunemde.~223 b. lominaZem gaarkvia, rom

vaxtangis dros kaTalikosi iyo patriarqis rangisa da mas `mamamTavari~

ewodeboda.

`...vaxtang mefis drois pirveli kaTalikosi petre ierarqiulad iseTive

rangisaa, rogorc konstantinopolis patriarqi, e.i. masze maRla aravin

dgas, is iseTive avtokefali aris, rogorc konstantinopolis patriarqi...

mag, ̀ qarTlis moqcevis~ qronikaSi, pirveli kaTalikosis, petres dadgenas-

Tan dakavSirebiT ikiTxeba: ̀ aqadgan iwyes kaTalikosTa mamamTavrobad, pirveli

kaTalikosi iyo petre, vaxtang mefisa ze~ (qarTuli `mamamTavari~ pirdapi-

ri Targmania `patriarqis~). uflebrivi mdgomareobiT qarTlis kaTalikosi

miaCndaT bizantiaSi im dros moqmedi patriarqebis tolad (agreTve mag.,

miqael modrekilis himnebi, w.II, gamosca g. gvaxariam, gv. 518-530, w.III, gv. 245;

didi sjulis kanoni, gv. 372, 538; Satberdis krebuli, gv. 434 da sxv.)224


Ta v i V

qarTuli eklesia VI saukuneSi

` q r i st e s rjuli q arT v el e b i s a T v i sm a rto s arwmu no e b iT i aR s ar e b a k i ar i yo ,i gi a m a s T a n erT ad polit i kur i q v i t k ir ic

i yo s a q a rT v elo s mr a v al n awil e b i sga s a e rT e bl ad d a S e mo s a k r e b ad . . .

q a rT v el i er i a m i s T v i s ufrT x ild e bod aT a v i s rjuls , ro m el ic T a v i s S i n a ga n

R ir s e b i s gard a , duR a bo b a s uwe vd a erTob a s a .~



qveynis zogadi mdgomareoba VI saukuneSi

VI saukunis dasawyisSi sparseTma saqarTvelo daimorCila, ris Sedega-

dac qarTlSi mefoba gauqmda. rogorc qarTul, aseve zogierT berZnul

wyaros mefobis gauqmebis sakiTxi sxvadasxvagvarad aqvT gadmocemuli.

kerZod, erTi qarTuli uZvelesi wyaro miiCnevs, rom VI saukunis dasawyisSi

mefoba gauqmda da qarTvelebs mefe aRar hyavdaT1, sxva wyaroebi ki, magal-

iTad, `qarTlis cxovreba~, mefobis gauqmebas ar cnobs VI saukunis pirvel

naxevarSi. Cans, aseTive mdgomareobaa berZnul wyaroebSic, kerZod, prokopi

kesarieli mogviTxrobs, rom gurgen mefis ajanyebis Semdeg qarTvelebs

neba aRar misces sakuTari mefe hyolodaT da mefoba gaauqmes. lazikidan

gurgeni Tavis saxlobiTa da amaliT 523 wels bizantiaSi wavida. 532 wels

sparseTsa da bizantias Soris daido `saukuno zavi~. TiTqosda amis Semdeg

qarTvelebs sakuTari mefe aRara hyavT, magram bizantieli mematianeebi

malala da Teofane axseneben qarTvelTa mefes, dedofalsa da didebulebs,

romelnic 535 wels konstantinopolSi Casulan iustiniane keisarTan mola-

parakebisaTvis, _ `Tu rom bizantieli mematianeni malala da Teofane ara

scdebian, albaT, gaqceuli mefe gurgenis moadgiled iberiaSi ZamanarZe

(Zamanarzos) damjdara, romelic 535 wels konstantinopolSi wasula Tan-

amecxedriTa da darbaislebiTurT (`sYnkletikon~) da iustiniane keisri-

saTvis aRuTqvams romaelebis mokavSireebi da megobrebi viqmnebiTo. gax-

arebul keisars didi pativi ucia mefisa, dedoflisa da darbaislebisaTvis,

uxvadac dausaCuqrebia da Sin gaustumrebia~.2

bizantieli istorikosebis, malalasa da Teofanes da agreTve `qarTlis

cxovrebisa~ da asurel mamaTa `cxovrebis~ cnobebi imis Sesaxeb, rom VI

saukunis pirveli naxevris manZilze (sparsTa mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis

dros) qarTvelebs mefe hyavdaT, erTmaneTis msgavsia. SesaZlebelia, dampy-

roblebma qveyanas misces SezRuduli avtonomiis magvari raRac statusi,

romlis meTauradac gorgaslian-farnavazianTa Zveli dinastia yofila.

albaT, qarTvelTa garkveuli politikuri wreebi mefobis gauqmebas ar cnobdnen

da dapyrobili qveynis meTaurs kvlav mefes uwodebdnen. yovel SemTxvevaSi,

udavoa, rom qveyana VI saukunis 70-90-ian wlebamde sparsTa mier iyo dapyro-

bili da qarTuli erovnuli institutebi, maT Soris qarTuli qalkedonuri

eklesia, did devnas ganicdidnen. iv. javaxiSvilis TvalsazrisiT, mefobis

gauqmeba 532 wlis sazavo xelSekrulebam daakanona. `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~

mematiane wers, rom `amis bakuris zeve daesrula mefobaA qarTlisaA~.

`Cveni matiane mogviTxrobs, rom rodesac sparselebma... mefoba mospes da

`daesrula mefobaO qarTlisaA~, sparsni `ganZlierdes~ da `qarTli umete-

sad daipyres da kavkasianTa Sevides da karni ovseTisani aignes... sxuaA

vinme kaci daidgines mTavrad wanareTisa Kevsa da morCilebaA dasdves


misi~.3 SesaZloa, rogorc wanareTis xevis mTavrad sparselebma ̀ vinme kaci~

daadgines, aseve qarTvelTa erTiani qveynis mTavrad daadgines gorgaslianTa

dinastiis memkvidre, romelsac qarTvelebi mefes uwodebdnen.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sruli dapyrobis Semdeg sparselebi berZenTa

gandevnas cdilobdnen dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispireTidan. 542 wels

xosro mefe didZali laSqriT aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan gadasula dasav-

leT saqarTveloSi da bizantielebis cixe-qalaqi petra auRia. dasavleT

saqarTvelos sruli dapyrobis Semdeg gadauwyvetia aqedan qarTuli mosax-

leoba sparseTSi gadaesaxlebina, xolo lazikaSi sxva tomis xalxi Caesa-

xlebina. qarTvelebi ajanydnen da 549 wels sparselebi lazikidan gan-

devnes. 550 wels sparselebi kvlav Sevidnen lazikaSi da muxurisis xeoba-

Si gamarTul omSi sastikad damarcxdnen. sparseTsa da bizantias Soris

lazikisTvis omi dasrulda 563 wlis zaviT. lazika bizantielebs darCaT.

`...kolxeTi da iveria urTierTSesaxeb bevrs sayuradRebo rasme gvamcnoben.

movigonoT, rom uZvelesi droidan moyolebuli mTeli zemo imereTi, Sora-

pan-skandidan moyolebuli, yovelTvis IX saukunis damdegamdis iveriis

farglebSi Semodioda. aq didi asparezi iyo urTierTmoqmedebisaTvis.~4

rogorc cnobilia, lazika ewodeboda ara dasavleT saqarTvelos mTli-

anad, aramed mis erT nawils. dasavleT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovan nawils

im dros iberias uwodebdnen da is sparseTs hqonda dapyrobili. iv. javax-

iSvilis mixedviT, lazikisa da iberiis sazRvarze mdebareobdnen skandisa

da Sorapnis cixeebi.5 ueWvelad iberiaSi Sedioda im dros dRevandeli

zemo imereTi da raWac da amitomac iberias svaneTTan sazRvari hqonia.

dRevandeli zemo imereTi da svaneTis mosazRvre raWa iberiaSi Semavali

rom ar yofiliyo, sparselebi svaneTs ar moiTxovdnen bizantielebisagan.

(aq unda gavixsenoT strabonis mowmoba svanebis Sesaxeb _ `zogierTebi maT

iberielebs uwodeben~ (d. musxeliSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 64) am zaviT dasav-

leT saqarTvelo gaiyves bizantielebma da sparselebma, bizantielebs dar-

CaT lazika, xolo sparselebs iberia. svaneTic am zaviT bizantias unda

darCenoda, radganac svaneTi lazikis qveSevrdomi qveyana iyo. `bizan-

tielebi gaiZaxodnen: svaneTic, viTarca lazikis qveSevrdomi qveyana, xe-

lSekrulebis ZaliT lazikasaviT Cven unda dagvrCeso. sparselebi ki

amtkicebdnen, svanebi sxva xalxia da viTarca Cvenken nebayoflobiT gadmo-

suli, Cvenve unda dagvrCeso~.6 dasavleT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani teri-

toria, romelsac iberia ewodeboda, Sorapnisa da skandas cixeebis CaTvliT,

sparselebis xelSi iyo. Cans, omi lazikisTvis mimdinareobda cixe-qalaq

petrasa da rions Soris mdebare teritoriaze, agreTve muxurisis velze

— quTaissa da cxeniswyals Soris. lazikis dedaqalaqs, ivane javaxiSvi-

lis Tanaxmad, `Zvelqalaqi~ (arqaAopolisi) ewodeboda. lazikis samxreTiT

qalaqi petra mdebareobda, xolo CrdiloeTiT _ afSilebis qveyana, romel-


ic lazebs emorCileboda. afSilebis CrdiloeTiT misimielni binadrobd-

nen da isinic lazikis mefis moymeni iyvnen. misimielebs sakuTari ena

hqoniaT. Cans, lazebsa da afSilebs erTi ena hqondaT. misimielebi, afSile-

bi da lazebi qristianebi iyvnen, amitomac ufro bizantielebs emxrobodnen

da berZnebi, bunebrivia, megobrebad miaCndaT, sparselebi ki mtrebad. afxazebi

ufro CrdiloeTiT binadrobdnen. aRmosavleTiT lazikis sazRvari iberia-

sTan gadioda skandasa da Sorapnis cixeebTan. ivane javaxiSvili wers, rom

551 wels petras aRebis Semdeg bizantielTa sardals es cixeebic unda

daeWira, magram mas es ar gaukeTebia, _ ̀ ueWvelia, sifrTxile moiTxovda, rom

igi Tavisi laSqriTurT lazikis da iberiis sazRvarze damdgariyo, rom iq

mdebare cixeebi skanda da Sorapani daeWira da sparselebisaTvis gza

Seekra~.7

590-iani wlebisTvis sparselebs iberiis mniSvnelovani nawilic daukar-

gavT: Tu 563 wlis zaviT bizantielebma da sparselebma erTmaneTs Soris

gaiyves dasavleT saqarTvelo, 591 wels gauyviaT aRmosavleT saqarTvelo.

`...xosro II-m, somexi istorikosis sebeosis sityviT, iberiis mometebuli

nawili q. Tbilisamde mavriki keisars gadasca. es unda momxdariyo, maSasa-

dame, 591 wels da am daTmobis wyalobiT iberia kvlav orad gaiyo, amasTanave

iberiis dasavleTi nawili q. Tbilisamde bizantiis keisris xelSi gadasu-

la, xolo aRmosavleTi nawili isev sparsTa batonebs SerCeniaT. mefe xos-

rom amis garda Tavis samefoSi qristianobis Tavisufleba gamoacxada~.8

VI saukuneSi sparselebisaTvis misaRebi sarwmunoeba iyo monofizitoba

_ `sparselebi mxars uWerdnen monofizitobas... axla sparseTis mTavroba

mxars uWerda iseT qristianobas, romelsac ebrZoda sparseTis mteri ro-

mis mTavroba. Tu qristianobis daTmoba ar gsurT, maSin iseTi qristianoba

mainc unda miiRoT, romelic romis mefis sarwmunoebisgan gansxvavdebao, _

ase moiTxovda axla sparseTis Sahi Tavisi qristiani qveSevrdomebisagan~.9

sparseTi somxur eklesias mfarvelobda. `roca sparselebi iZulebuli

gaxdnen, uari eTqvaT mazdeanobis gavrcelebaze amierkavkasiaSi da samagi-

erod, monofizituri qristianobis mfarvelebad iqcnen, maT saeklesio mwer-

lobas daavales, monofizituri ideebi da sparseTTan ganuyreli kavSiris

aucilebloba eqadaga. am mizniT sparseTis mefis agentebma SeTxzes legen-

debi, viTomc qristianoba somxeTSi, qarTlsa da albaniaSi erTi piris mier

aris danergili, viTomc qarTuli, somxuri da albanuri anbanebi agreTve

erTi piris mier aris gamogonebuli da rom es `ganmanaTlebelni~ imave

dros viTomc sparseTTan iyvnen dakavSirebulni~.10


qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebiVI saukuneSi

iv. javaxiSvili wers: _ `qarTuli eklesiis sazRvrebi vrclad yofila

gadaWimuli: dasavleT-samxreTiT igi klarjeTsac Seicavda da sazRvrad

aq taos saepiskopozo yofila, romelic am dros somxeTis eklesias kuTvnebia.

506 wels babgen somexTa kaTalikosis pirvelsave epistoleSi somxeTis

sakaTalikosos xelqveSeT mRvdelTmTavrad dasaxelebulia atate taos episko-

pozi. xolo hohanes somexTa kaTalikosis VI s-is Sua wlebis epistoleSi

stefanos taos episkopozi ixsenieba~.11

Tu samxreT-dasavleTiT qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebSi Se-

dis klarjeTi, vidre taomde, dasavleTiT qarTuli eklesiis sazRvrebi

midis Sav zRvamde. `somexTa istorikosis ioane kaTalikosis cnobiT, kYri-

oni winandeli wesis Tanaxmad, qarTvelTa, gugarelTa da megrelTa ar-

qiepiskopozad iqmna xeldasxmuli. gugarelTa Sesaxeb cnoba gasakvirveli

ar aris, radgan didi xania, rac gugareTi saqarTvelos daubrunda da

qarTlis kaTalikosis samwysos ekuTvnoda, magram misi megrelTa kaTaliko-

sadac aRniSvna pirveli cnobaa. es cnoba imis momaswavebelia, rom qarTlis,

anu mcxeTis kaTalikosis samwysos ukve dasavleT saqarTveloSic hqonda

asparezi mopovebuli da sakaTalikosos sazRvari lixT imereTSic iyo

gadaweuli. cxadia, ioane kaTalikoss es cnoba romelime werilobiTi wyarodan

eqmneba amoRebuli, magram saidan momdinareobs es cnoba, amJamad amis gamorkve-

va SeuZlebelia. Tu momavalSi misi uTuoba damtkicda, maSin cxadi gaxdeba,

rom imier-amier saqarTvelos politikur gaerTianebas win uswrebda da

niadags gacilebiT ufro adre momxdari saeklesio erTobisa da mTliano-

bis procesi umzadebda~.12

amJamad ioane kaTalikosis cnobis WeSmariteba damtkicebulia imiT, rom

atenis sionis freskul warwerebSi aRmoCnda identuri cnoba. kerZod, mox-

seniebulia stefanozi `qarTvelTa da megrelTa erisTavTa ufali~. is, am

Zalze mniSvnelovani warweris mkvlevris azriT, qarTlisa da egrisis

mmarTvelia. orive es cnoba erTsa da imave movlenaze miuTiTebs, rom

saqarTvelos politikur-sarwmunoebriv orbitaSi moqceulia ara mxolod

aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo, aramed dasavleTi saqarTveloc, rogorc amas

`qarTlis cxovreba~ gvidasturebs.

ioane kaTalikosis cnobiT, kirioni VI saukunis bolos dausvamT qarTvelTa,

gugarelTa da megrelTa kaTalikosad, iseve rogorc winandeli wesi moiTx-

ovdao. aqedan Cans, rom qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcia, vrceldeboda dasavleT

saqarTveloze, ara mxolod VI saukuneSi, aramed adrec, e.i. V saukuneSi _

`winandeli wesis Tanaxmad~.


iv. javaxiSvilis gamokvleviT, V saukunis

Sua wlebisa da meore naxevrisaTvis saqar-

TveloSi 21 saepiskoposo yofila. ̀ juanSeri

qarTlis kaTalikosis samwysoSi vaxtang

gorgaslis dros, saxeldobr, Semdeg saepisko-

pozoebs ixseniebs: mcxeTis saepiskopozos,

klarjeTSi axizisas, artaanSi eruSeTisas,

javaxeTSi _ wundisas, qarTlSi niqozisas,

manglisisas, bolnisisas, kaxeT-hereTSi _

rusTavisas. ninowmindisas, ujarmoisas, kari-

sas, Weremisas, CelTisas, xornabujisas, agar-

akisas, anu xunanisas. amgvarad, sul Teqvsme-

ti saepiskopozo gamodis, magram es sia, cxa-

dia, sruli ar aris~.13 iv. javaxiSvili am

sias umatebs curtavisa da samefo saxlis

episkoposebs, agreTve ruisis an urbnisis, wilknisa da samTavisis saepisko-

posoebs. `...maSin 21 samwyso iqmneba da V s-is Sua wlebisa da meore

naxevrisaTvis es ricxvi daaxlovebiT swori unda iyos. ueWvelia V s-is

damlevisaTvis metic unda yofiliyo. 506 wels albanelTa, somexTa da

qarTvelTa gaerTianebul saeklesio krebas saqarTvelodan kaTalikosianad

sul 24 episkopozi daswrebia... radgan SesaZlebelia, am krebas yvela ver

daeswro, amitom unda davaskvnaT, rom VI s-is damdegs qarTuli eklesia sul

cota 24 saepiskopozos Seicavda. marTlac, cnobili asureli monofiziti

moRvawis simeon beT-arSamelis (VI s-is damdegs) sityviT, mis dros henotiko-

ni Seiwynares da mis aRsarebas misdevdnen qarTlis eklesiis 33 episkopozi

mefiTa da aznaurebiTurT da sparseTis somxeTis 32 episkopozi da marzpani.

maSasadame, VI s-is damdegs aRm. saqarTveloSi 33 episkopozi yofila~.14

taos saepiskoposo, romelic Turme somxeTis sakaTalikosoSi Sedioda, z.

aleqsiZis mixedviT, VI s-is miwuruls Camoscilda somxeTs da SeuerTda

qarTul eklesias, `...amave saukunis miwuruls somxeTis eklesias droebiT

Camoscilda taos saepiskoposo~.15 SesaZlebelia, tao or nawilad iyo gay-

ofili, erTi nawili Sedioda qarTul eklesiaSi, xolo meore nawili somx-

urSi, yovel SemTxvevaSi, tao VII s-is damdegs qalkedonuri qveyana yofila

da iq somxeTidan ltolvil qalkedonitebs Tavi SeufarebiaT.

`qarTuli eklesiis Sedgenilobis Semdegi cnoba VII s-is damdegisaa,

saxeldobr, 607 wels daweril Tavis meore sapasuxo epistoleSi kYrion

qarTlis kaTalikosi abraam somexTa kaTalikoss swerda, qarTlis sakaTa-

likosoSi sul 35 episkopozi ariso. erTi saukunis ganmavlobaSi qarTul

eklesias mohmatebia 2 saepiskopozo. es garemoeba qristianobis warmatebu-

li winsvliT unda aixsnebodes...~16


iv. javaxiSvili qarTuli eklesiis ukiduresi dasavleTi sazRvris garkve-

visaTvis wers: `650 w. berZnuli taqtikonidan Cans mxolod, rom am dros

fasisi, anu foTi lazikaSi samitropolitod iTvleboda da konstantinop-

olis sapatriarqo samwysos ekuTvnoda, masve hkuTvnebia afxazeTis avtoke-

faluri eklesiac. ara Cans, mudam ase iyo, Tu es mxolod meSvide saukunis

damdegs moxda, herakle keisris aRmosavleTSi Zlevamosili laSqrobis

Semdgom~17 foTis samitropolito, Tu foTi da `fazisi~ erTia, herakle

keisris saqarTveloSi laSqrobis Semdeg rom Sesula konstantinopolis

sapatriarqos samwysoSi, iqidan Cans, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT

Savi zRvispireTi _ zRviskideTi _ herakle keisars saqarTvelosaTvis

Camoucilebia da Tavis imperiaSi Seuyvania uSualod. swored am dros

foTis samitropolito Camoscildeboda qarTul eklesias, radganac teri-

toriulad ukve bizantiaSi iyo moqceuli. ufro adre foTis qarTuli

eklesiis samwysoSi arseboba iqidan Cans, rom kirioni egrisis mitropoli-

ti yofila. ioane somexTa kaTalikosi werda kidec, rom kirioni qarTvelTa,

megrelTa da gugarelTa arqiepiskoposad dainiSna Zveli wesis Tanaxmado.

saeklesio winaswarmetyvelebani qarTulisaxelmwifos gauqmebis Semdeg

VI saukune gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa qarTuli eklesiis istoriaSi,

radganac am saukuneSi gauqmda qarTuli saxelmwifo, ramac imdenad uary-

ofiTi gavlena iqonia qarTul erovnul institutebze da sazogadoebaze

saerTod, rom misi Sedegebis aRmofxvras dasWirda saukuneebi. saero da

sasuliero xelisuflebis umTavresi mizani VI-IX saukuneebSi iyo qarTuli

saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgena-restavracia im saxiT, rogoric iyo gauqmebam-

de. adrindeli saqarTvelo gaidealebuli iyo. igulisxmeboda, rom saxelm-

wifoebrioba Sesustda da daeca vaxtang gorgaslis memkvidreTa xanaSi,

xolo gorgaslis saxelmwifo Tavisi politikuri siZlieriT, kulturiT

sanatreli da samagaliTo iyo Semdgomi TaobebisaTvis. qarTuli sazoga-

doebrivi wreebis TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli saxelmwifo gauqmebis dros iyo

erTiani, mis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda rogorc aRmosavleTi, aseve dasavle-

Ti saqarTvelo. swored am mTlianobis aRdgena da gaerTianebuli samefos

restavracia iyo mizani politikuri wreebisa, aseve eklesiisa. amitom mi-

uxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifoebrioba VI s-is bolosve aRdga da Semdgom

ki Seiqmna ramdenime qarTuli saxelmwifo _ tao-klarjeTis, afxazeTis,

kaxeT-hereTis samefoebi, am drosac ki qarTvelTa umTavresi mizani iyo

Seqmniliyo erTiani saxelmwifo, aRdgeniliyo `qarTlis samefo~, anu gor-

gaslis droindeli aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos gamaerTianebeli

saxelmwifo. vaxtang gorgaslis pirovneba gansakuTrebiT ganadides. ek-


lesiis mamebi amxnevebdnen qarTvel ers _ isini winaswarmetyvelebdnen,

rom aRdgeboda erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo, rom qarTuli ena kvlav

daiWerda Tavis kuTvnil adgils.

Cven ganvixilavT, Cveni Sexedulebisamebr, VI saukunis or winaswarmetyvele-

bas, erTi exeba qarTuli saxelmwifos aRdgenas, meore ki qarTuli enis

aRdgenas kuTvnil uflebebSi. pirveli winaswarmetyveleba gadmocemulia

abibos nekreselis cxovrebaSi, meore ki erT mcire TxzulebaSi, romelsac

ganuzomeli mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli kulturisaTvis, es aris _ ̀ qebaA da

didebaA qarTulisa enisaA~. abibos nekreselis cxovrebas gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba miaqcia ivane javaxiSvilma. is wers: ̀ ...abibos nekreselis wamebis

Tavdapirveli wigni unda an VI s-is damlevis, anda VII s-is damdegis, Tu

pirveli naxevris Zeglad vigulisxmoT~.18

`arsen kaTalikoss xazgasmiT aRniSnuli aqvs, rom abibos nekreselis

martvilobis pirvandel teqstSi gacilebiT meti cnobebi hqonia, vidre mas

mouyvania Tavis ganaxlebul cxorebaSi: `amas ra giTxrob Tquen netarisa

episkopozisa abibossa... anu viTar dedakacsa mas uwinaswarmetyvela Semdeg

missa mosvla berZenTa da dapyroba queyanisa amis Cuenisa, romelica-igi

iqmna mswrafl misve dedakacsa zeda, movides berZenni da ganasxnes usju-

loni igi sparsni da daipyres queyana ese Cueni da iyo yoveli iveria erT

samefodve da daipyres queyanaO ese Cveni mieriTgan mefeTa CuenTa da iqmnes

mpyrobel sruliad saqarTvelosa da daipyres maT mtkiced da sxuanica

mravalni, viTarca weril ars wignsa mas wamebisa misisa~-o.19

eris ubedurebis Jams, roca man VI saukuneSi dakarga saxelmwifoebrioba,

qarTuli eklesiis mamebi mTel ers aimedebdnen, rom qveynis dapyroba

didxans ar gagrZeldeboda.


arseni kaTalikosi, romelic sargeblobda VI saukunis damlevis, anda

VII saukunis damdegis wyaroTi, Tavis ̀ abibos nekreselis cxovrebaSi~ wers:

wmida abibosma sparsTa mier qveynis dapyrobis dros iwinaswarmetyvela,

rom male saqarTvelos berZnebi gaaTavisuflebdnen sparsTa batonobisgan

da sparsTa batonoba didxans ar gastanda. es winaswarmetyveleba marTlac

amxdara VI saukunis bolos. iv. javaxiSvili wers: `...abibos nekreselis

winaswarmetyveleba da misi axdoma VI saukunis damlevis aRm. saqarTvelos

politikuri istoriis sruliad konkretul SemTxvevas hgulisxmobs...~20 mec-

nieri am winaswarmetyvelebas uwodebs ̀ amxdar politikur winaswarmetyvele-

bas~.21 sparselebs VI saukuneSi damorCilebuli hqondaT ara marto aRmo-

savleTi saqarTvelo, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani naw-

ilic. maT xelSi TiTqmis mudam iyo Sorapnisa da skandas cixeebi, garda

amisa, isini Zalze xSirad zRvispireTis iseT gamagrebul cixes utevdnen,

rogoric petras cixe iyo, amitomac abibos nekreselis winaswarmetyveleba

qveynis gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb Tanabrad exeboda qveynis orive nawils.

marTlac, arseni kaTalikosi wers, rom Tavdapirvel wyaroSi mravlad yofila

cnobebi ̀ iveriis~, anu ̀ saqarTvelos~ politikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb VI s-

is bolosa da VII s-is damdegisa. is Tavis wyaroze dayrdnobiT wers: `...iyo

yoveli iveria erT samefodve da daipyres queyana ese Cueni mieriTgan mefeTa

CuenTa da iqmnes mpyrobel sruliad saqarTvelosa da daipyres maT mtkiced

da sxuanica mravalni, viTarca weril ars wignsa mas wamebisa misisa~-o.22

s. yubaneiSvilis mier gamocemul `cxovrebaSi~ weria: `...viTar dedakacsa

uwinaswarmetyuela Semdgomad misa moslvaO berZenTaO da dapyrobaO queya-

nisa amis CuenisaA, romelica igi iqmna mswrafl misve dedakacisa ze. mov-

ides berZenni da ganasxnes usjuloni igi sparsni da daipyres qveyanaO ese

Cueni, mieriTgan erisTavni iqmnnes mpyrobelad qarTlisa~.23

s. kakabaZe da iv. javaxiSvili werdnen, rom am ZeglSi naxmaria Sereuli

terminologia. es, iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, imiT aris gamowveuli, rom ̀ ...mw-

erals Tavis naSromSi Tavis uZvelesi wyaros moTxroba, rogorc Cans,

TiTqmis iseve, ranairadac igi Tavdapirvel avtors dauweria, nawyvet-naw-

yvetad mouyvania...~24 amiT unda iyos gamowveuli is, rom am ZeglSi naxmaria

sinonimuri politikuri terminebi _ ̀ yoveli iveria~ da ̀ sruliad saqarTve-

lo~ erTi da imave mniSvnelobiT. Cans, uZveles wyaroSi ewera `yoveli

qarTli~, xolo gadamkeTebelma am Zveli terminis gverdiT advilad gageb-

is mizniT dawera `sruliad saqarTvelo~ _ `...iyo yoveli iveria erT

samefodve da daipyres queyana ese Cueni mieriTgan mefeTa CuenTa da iqmnes

mpyrobel sruliad saqarTvelosa...~

aqedanac Cans Zveli avtorebis Tvalsazrisi, rom iveria anu qarTli

ewodeboda ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed ̀ sruliad saqarTve-

los~ dasavleT saqarTvelos CaTvliT. marTlac, VI saukunis dasasrulsa


da VII saukuneSi sparselTagan gaTavisuflebis Semdgom qarTvelTa mefe-

erisTavebi TavianT Zalauflebas axorcielebdnen ara marto aRmosavleT

saqarTveloze, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelozec. atenis sionis warwerebSi

isini megrelTa erisTavTa uflebiTac arian moxseniebulni. dasavleT

saqarTveloze qarTvel mefe-erisTavTa uflebas agreTve aRiarebs `qarT-

lis cxovreba~ da zogierTi somxuri wyaro, sadac kirions pirdapir ewode-

ba gugarelTa, qarTvelTa da megrelTa kaTalikosi.

VI saukunis bolos, restavrirebul saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi rom ar

Sesuliyo dasavleTi saqarTvelo, qarTuli eklesia Tavis iurisdiqcias

ver ganaxorcielebda samegreloze da somxuri Tanadrouli wyaroebi kir-

ions ar uwodebdnen megrelTa arqiepiskoposs, Semdgom ki qarTlis mefe-

erisTavebs _ megrelTa erisTavTa ufals.

abibos nekreselis winaswarmetyvelebis aRsruleba imiT gamoixata, rom

`yoveli iveria~, anu `sruliad saqarTvelo~ aRdga da mas marTavdnen

qarTveli erisTav-mefeebi. aRdgena, anu restavracia SesaZlebelia warsul-

Si ukve arsebulisa, abibos nekreseli winaswarmetyvelebda V saukunesa da

VI s-is dasawyisSi arsebuli gorgaslis erTiani `yoveli iveriis~, anu

`sruliad saqarTvelos~ aRdgenas, rac aRsrulda VI saukunis bolosve.

VI saukunis bolos aRdgenil sruliad saqarTvelos saxelmwifos didx-

ans ar uarsebia, mas VII saukunis dasawyisSi bizantiis keisarma heraklem

CamoaSora mniSvnelovani teritoriebi SavizRvispireTSi da dasavleT

saqarTvelos am CamorTmeul miwebze ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sap-

atriarqos iurisdiqcia, xolo yoveli iveriis darCenili teritoria ara-

bebma daipyres.

aseTia wmida abibos nekreselis winaswarmetyveleba saxelmwifos aRdge-

nis Sesaxeb. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa winaswarmetyveleba qarTuli enis

Tavis kuTvnil uflebebSi aRdgenis Sesaxeb. VIII-IX saukuneebamde (afxaze-

Tis, tao-klarjeTis, kaxeT-hereTis samefoebis Seqmnamde) VI-VII saukuneebSi

qarTuli ena faqtobrivad aRar iyo saxelmwifo ena, garda amisa, SezRudu-

la qarTuli enis uflebebi eklesiaSic ki. amis Sesaxeb gansakuTrebiT

sainteresoa cnoba, romelic daculia wmida raJdenis wamebaSi _ `...aRdges

sparsni qristianeTa zeda da aRiZrnes uricxYTa mKedrebiTa, rameTu didi

iyo maSin brZolaA da daucxromeli mterobaOqristianeTa zeda da ufroAs-

ad berZenTa mimarT, xolo Cuen qarTvelTa momarT amisaTYs, rameTu eZYnebo-

da Cueni berZenTa mimarT siyuaruli da erTobaA. da ese iyo nebaA maTi,

raTaA Cuenca maT Tana mter veqmneT berZenTa~.25

`wmida raJdenis wamebis~ es cnoba aris pirdapiri miTiTeba imisa, Tu

qristianTagan vis devnidnen sparselebi. am cnobaSi, romelic eTanxmeba

arseni safarelis cnobebs, naTqvamia, rom sparselebi saerTod ar uyurebdnen

qristianebs kargi TvaliT, magram devnidnen ara yvela qristians, aramed


berZnebsa da qarTvelebs. berZnebs devnidnen imis gamo, rom berZnuli qris-

tianoba iyo rom-saberZneTis imperiis saxelmwifo sarwmunoeba, xolo rom-

saberZneTis imperia da sparseTi erTmaneTTan mebrZoli saxelmwifoebi iyvnen.

mose xorenels aRwerili aqvs, Tu rogor devnidnen sparselebi yovelive berZnuls

gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT, kerZod, wvavdnen berZnul wignebs, aravis aZlevd-

nen berZnulis Seswavlis nebas da, rac gasaocaria, berZnulad laparakis

uflebac ki aRaravis hqonda, aikrZala berZnuli enidan Targmna.

`wmida raJdenis wamebaSi~ Cans, rom sparselebi devnidnen ara marto

berZnebs, aramed qarTvelebsac. am wamebis avtori wers, rom Cven, qarTvelebs,

imitom gvdevnian, rom Cven gvaqvs berZenTa mimarT siyvaruli, rac Turme

`eZYneboda~, anu Zalze aRizianebda sparseTs. friad sayuradReboa, rom es

ori wyaro erTmaneTs eTanxmeba im sakiTxSi, Tu ra urTierTobas moiTxovd-

nen sparselebi berZnebis mimarT damonebuli xalxebisgan, kerZod, `...aRar

hqonodaT berZnebTan megobruli urTierToba... ...eZYneboda Cueni berZenTa

mimarT siyuaruli da erToba~.26

sparselebs amZvinvarebs qarTvelTa `siyvaruli da erToba~ berZenTa

mimarT, aseve `megobruli urTierToba~. Tu am ori wyaros monacems Seva-

darebT mesame daudgeneli TariRis wyaros _ `qebaA da didebaA qarTulisa

enisaAs~, davinaxavT, rom samiveSi TiTqmis erTi da imave sityvebiT berZnebT-

an megobroba-siyvarulsa da erTobazea saubari. `qebaASi~ naTqvamia _ `me-

gobrobaA amisTYs Tqua~, `...nino... da helene... ese arian orni dani, viTarca

mariam da marTa~.27

rogorc or das aqvs erTmaneTis mimarT siyvaruli da erToba, aseve aqvT

berZnebsa da qarTvelebs `qebaAs~ avtoris Tanaxmad. is TiTqos imeorebs

`raJdenis wamebis~ avtoris azrs qarTvelebisa da berZnebis siyvarulisa

da erTobis Sesaxeb. ̀ qebaASi~ pirdapir aris naTqvami am ori eris megobro-

bis Sesaxeb, rac mose xorenelis Tanaxmad, aSinebda sparseTis xelisufle-

bas. `qebaA da didebaA qarTulisa enisaA~ aris winaswarmetyveleba qarTu-

li enis Tavis uflebebSi aRdgenis Sesaxeb. aq nawinaswarmetyvelebia, rom

damdablebuli da dawunebuli qarTuli ena aRdgeba. aqve dasaxelebulia

TariRi, Tumca arapirdapir _ sxvadasxva xelnawerSi sxvadasxva _ 94 weli,

104, 92. SeiZleba am winaswarmetyvelebasac vuwodoT amxdari winaswarme-

tyveleba, radganac tao-klarjeTis, afxazeTisa da kaxeT-hereTis samefoebis

warmoqmnis Semdeg qarTuli ena Zveleburadve saxelmwifo enad iqca. es iyo

sruliad SeuzRudveli, ayvavebuli, amieridan Zlevamosili ena mefeTa da

kaTalikosTa, mwignobrobisa da wirva-locvis ena, mosili mzrunvelobiTa

da siyvaruliT. saqarTvelos erTiani samefos Seqmnis Semdgomac qarTuli

ena erTaderTi saxelmwifo da kulturis enaa. verc tao-klarjeTis, afxaze-

Tis, kaxeT-hereTis samefoebis arsebobisas da verc Semdgom qarTul enas

veravin uwodebda _ ̀ dafaruls~, ̀ damarxuls~, qarTuli ena sruliadac ar


iyo am epoqaSi dafaruli, arasazogadoebrivi, mxolod ojaxebsa da Sinau-

robaSi saxmari ena. miT umetes, mas veravin uwodebda _ ̀ mZinares... mdabalsa

da dawunebuls... mkudars~ _ rogorc uwodebs `qebaAs~ avtori. amitomac,

unda vifiqroT, rom es Txzuleba dawerilia im dros, roca qarTuli da

berZnuli enebi erTnairad idevneboda saqarTveloSi. avtori amxnevebs

xalxs, rom aseTi devna qarTuli enisa didxans ar gagrZeldeba da daax-

loebiT erT saukuneSi mdgomareoba mowesrigdebao. winaswarmetyveleba mar-

Tlac aRsrulda: jer VI s-is dasasruls qarTulma enam mcire xniT

aRidgina Tavisi uflebebi, Semdgom ki VII s-Si nawilobriv da VIII s-dan is

srul uflebebSia. arabebi, marTalia, qarTvel qristianebs devnidnen, magram

maT mier qarTuli enis devna cnobili ar aris.

berZnul da qarTul enebs devnidnen sparselebi VI s-sa da VII s-is

dasawyisSi. sparselebs ar SeeZloT qarTuli enis devna V s-Si, radganac

maSin qarTvel ers erovnuli saxelmwifo hqonda, xolo VII s-is dasawyisSi

sparseTis saxelmwifo ganadgurda, is 629 wels herakle keisarma daamarcxa,

xolo amave saukunis 40-ian wlebSi arabebma sabolood gaanadgures.

Tu rogor aiZulebdnen sparselebi VI s-Si qarTvelebs ar SeeswavlaT

berZnuli ena da ar gadmoeRoT Txzulebebi am enidan, aramed kavSir-

urTierToba hqonodaT somxurTan da asurulTan, wers k. kekeliZe: `...isini

maT nebas ar aZlevdnen berZnuli ena SeeswavlaT da am enidan Txzulebebi

gadmoeRoT TavianT enaze. TavisTavad cxadia, rom amasve moiTxovdnen isini

qarTvelebisganac. aseT pirobebSi maSindel iberiaSi kidevac rom Zlieri

yofiliyo berZnuli saeklesio-literaturuli orientacia, is xorcs ver

Seisxamda, amitom qarTvelebi iZulebulni iqnebodnen literaturuli kav-

Siri da urTierToba daeWiraT umTavresad mezobel somxebTan da aRmosav-

leTis qristianebTan, kerZod asurelebTan~.28

V s-Si qarTul eklesiaSi wirva-locvisa da msaxurebis enebi iqneboda

qarTuli da berZnuli, rac bunebrivia, sxva erovnul eklesiebSic ase iyo.

garda amisa, kaTalikosebic ki VI s-is dasawyisSi saberZneTidan yofilan

Camosulni. VI s-is dasawyisidan saqarTvelos dapyrobis Semdeg sparsele-

bi eklesiebSi berZnuli enis xmarebas akrZalavdnen (sxvaganac ase moiqc-

nen) da berZnulis magier saeklesio msaxurebisaTvis qarTul enasTan er-

Tad somxurs an siriuls danergavdnen, radganac somxur eklesias gan-

sakuTrebul upiratesobas aniWebdnen da berZnuls upirispirebdnen. VI s-

Si qarTuli ena marTlac dafaruli (damarxuli) ena gaxda politikuri

mdgomareobis gamo, mteri qalkedonitobas krZalavda. qarTuli ena qalke-

donitobis elementad aRiqves. rogorc wers `qebaAs~ avtori, im dros

berZnuli ena da eklesia qarTulis megobrad aris miRebuli, magram akrZa-

lulia, qarTuli ena ki namdvilad iyo damdablebuli da dawunebuli. am

dromde, TiTqmis aTasi wlis manZilze ki is saxelmwifo ena iyo _ farna-


vazidan gorgaslis CaTvliT. `qebaASi~ berZnuli da qarTuli enebisa da

eklesiebis Sesaxeb naTqvamia _ `da axalman nino moaqcia (qarTuli ekle-

sia) da helene dedofalman (berZnuli eklesia), ese arian orni dani, vi-

Tarca mariam da marTa. da megobrobaO amisTYs Tqua...~29

mariami da marTa erTad imyofebodnen mwuxarebis dros, roca maTi Zma

lazare gardaicvala, aseve mariami da marTa erTad iyvnen im didi sixaru-

lis dros, roca ufalma ieso qristem maTi Zma, oTxi dRis mkvdari laza-

re mkvdreTiT aRadgina. wmida ninosa da wmida elene dedoflis eklesiebi

da enebi erTnairad devnilni iyvnen sparseTis imperiaSi, kerZod, VI sauku-

nis saqarTveloSi.

isini ise, rogorc debi mariam da marTa erT bedqveS arian mwuxarebisas,

magram amJamad damdablebuli da dawunebuli qarTuli ena mkvdreTiT aRdgeba

uflis mier, rogorc lazareo. avtori arafers wers berZnuli enis aRd-

genis Sesaxeb, rac bunebrivia. es ena Tavis qveyanaSi saeklesio ena iyo,

xolo qarTuli ena Tavis qveyanaSi damalulad mosaxmari (`damarxuli~),

dawunebuli da damdablebuli iyo.

avtori winaswarmetyvelebs, rom saRvTo qarTuli ena uflis saxeliT

Semkuli da kurTxeuli, didxans ar iqneba oTxi dRis mkvdris mdgomareoba-

Si, is aRdgeba rogorc lazare da mis aRdgomas niSnad, anu `saswaulad

ese aqus _ oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli...~

Tu rogor idevneboda berZnuli ena sparsTa mier, kargad aqvs aRwerili

mose xorenels:

`...mehruJanma dawva berZnuli wignebi mTels Cvens qveyanaSi; amasTanave,

somxeTis danawilebisas, sparsTa wil somxeTSi, sparseli moxeleebi aravis

rTavdnen berZnuli mwignobrobis SeTvisebis nebas, mxolod asurulis Ses-

wavla SeiZleboda~.30 anda _ ̀ ...ra wignsac ki waawydeboda, igi wvavda, brZana,

rom eswavlaT sparsuli da ara berZnuli wera-kiTxva. aravis hqonda ufle-

ba elaparaka berZnulad, anda eTargmna am enidan. amas TiTqos imitom

Svreboda, rom somxebs sruliad aRar hqonodaT berZnebTan megobruli

urTierToba da nacnoboba. sinamdvileSi ki qristianuli moZRvrebis aR-

mofxvra ewadaT, rameTu maSin somxebs jer kidev ar gaaCndaT anbani da

berZnulad asrulebdnen RvTismsaxurebas~.31

berZnul enaze laparaki akrZaluli yofila. aqedan kargad Cans sparseleb-

is damokidebuleba berZnuli enisadmi IV-V saukuneTa somxeTSi. wmida

raJdenis wamebidan da sxva wyaroebidan Cans, rom sparselebi berZnebsa da

qarTvelebs erTnairad devnidnen VI saukunis 70-ian wlebamde. qarTuli

eklesia daaSores berZnuls da dauaxloves aRmosavlur-somxurs. saqarTve-

loSi daiwyo berZnuli enidan Targmnili wignebis somxuris mixedviT red-

aqtireba, ris Sesaxebac aRuniSnavs giorgi mcires.


msgavsi magaliTi moxda somxeTSi. mose xoreneli wers, rom sparselebi

somxebs RvTismsaxurebas uSlidnen maSin, roca somxur eklesias kavSiri

hqonda berZnulTan IV s-is bolosa da V s-is dasawyisSi. amis Semdeg

somxurma eklesiam sparseTis saxelmwifos zemoaRniSnuli sastiki zemoqm-

edebiT imas miaRwia, rom somxuri eklesia upiratesad dauaxlovda spar-

sul-siriul eklesiebs.

a. abdalaZe SeniSnavs: _ `ebrZoda ra bizantiis gavlenis gavrcelebas

somxeTSi, iranis xelisufleba, amave dros, garkveuli politikuri mosazre-

biT, mxars uWerda siriuli kulturis gabatonebas somexTa qveyanaSi~,32

anda `...iranis Sahis kari im xanaSi somxeTSi mxars uWerda siriuli kul-

turis gavlenis gavrcelebas berZnulis sawinaaRmdegod. siriul kultur-

as somxeTSi isedac Rrmad hqonda fesvebi gamdgari da mTavrobis mfarvel-

obis pirobebSi mas kidev ufro gaeSala frTebi. amgvar viTarebaSi berZnul

civilizacias naziarebi, misi Tayvanismcemeli moazrovneni aramcTu aRaravis

undoda, maT devnidnen, aviwroebdnen kidec~.33

sparseTma miaRwia somxeTSi siriuli kulturis gabatonebas da aRmofx-

vra berZnuli. daaxloebiT 90-100 wlis Semdeg igive procesi daiwyo

saqarTveloSi. aRmoifxvra berZnuli da berZnulis sanacvlod Seecadnen

ara siriuli, aramed somxuri kulturis gavrcelebas. mizezi is iyo, rom

somxuri eklesiis sagangebo politikis wyalobiT, VI-VII saukuneebSi somx-

uri eklesia iseve samagaliTo gaxda sparseTisaTvis, rogorc adre siriu-

li kultura, ena da eklesia iyo. xolo qarTuli eklesiis mier VI saukunis

Sua wlebSi qalkedonituri midrekilebis gamomJRavnebam saboloo jamSi

qarTuli enis xmarebis SezRudva gamoiwvia. saqarTveloSi VI saukunis 20-

iani wlebidan VI saukunis 70-ian wlebamde qarTuli da berZnuli enebi

Tanabrad SezRudul pirobebSi imyofebodnen, rogorc debi, mosiyvarule

debi mariam da marTa, lazares micvalebisas.

VI saukunis 70-90-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos mier qalkedonitobis dau-

faravma aRiarebam da qveynis gaTavisuflebam qarTul da berZnul enebs

kvlav daubruna Tavisi adgili kulturul cxovrebaSi. winaswarmetyveleba

qarTuli enis aRdgomis Sesaxeb aRsrulda, ise rogorc abibos nekreselis

winaswarmetyveleba. Semdgom saukuneSi kvlav SeizRuda qarTuli ena. is

Tavis uflebebSi srulad aRdga tao-klarjeTis, afxazeTisa da kaxeT-here-

Tis samefoebis Seqmnis Semdgom. es marTlac hgavda lazares aRdginebas

VI-VII saukuneebis devnasTan SedarebiT.

k. kekeliZe wers, rom VI saukunis bolos wirva-locva qarTul enaze

gaCaRebuli iyoo: ̀ VI saukunis gasuls, rogorc ̀ epistoleTa wignidan~ Cans,

qarTlSi gaCaRebuli yofila wirva-locva da RvTismsaxureba qarTul enaze~,34

aseve yofila V saukuneSic.

`qebaAs~ avtoris mier aRweril mdgomareobaSi qarTuli ena mxolod VI

saukunis erT did periodSi imyofeboda.


saeklesio ena albaneTSi, hereTSi, gugarqsa da dasavleTsaqarTveloSi VI-VII saukuneebSi

a) saeklesio ena albaneTSia) saeklesio ena albaneTSia) saeklesio ena albaneTSia) saeklesio ena albaneTSia) saeklesio ena albaneTSi

Tavidanve unda iTqvas, rom albaneTis saeklesio ena somxuri iyo da ara

mSobliuri albanuri ena. albaneTi iyo amierkavkasiis udidesi qveyana, gadaW-

imuli sevanis tbis mimdebare teritoriebidan vidre kaspiis zRvamde. al-

banelebi iberiul-kavkasiuri modgmis xalxi iyo, amitomac albanuri ena axlos

idga qarTvelur enebTan da sruliad gansxvavdeboda somxuri enisgan. garda

amisa, albaneTis eklesia iyo samociqulo, TavisTavadi eklesia, romelsac hyav-

da kaTalikosi, hqonda saeklesio ierarqia da mravali saepiskoposo.

arsebobs sxvadasxva mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom iyenebda albane-

Tis xalxi saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis ara albanur, aramed somxur enas.

erT-erTi mosazreba gamoTqmulia `Zveli msoflios istoriis~ III tomSi

(moskovi, 1982), romlis Tanaxmadac, albaneTi mravalerovani qveyana yofila,

ris gamoc SeuTvisebia samxreTeli mezoblebis yvela miRweva:

`samxreTeli mezoblebidan aTvisebul miRwevaTa Soris redkolegia qris-

tianobasac (monofizituri formiT) asaxelebs, Tanac Tu qristianobis pirv-

el wlebSi TviT somxeTSi RvTismsaxureba siriul enaze sruldeboda, ̀ al-

baneTSi mwerlobisa da RvTismsaxurebis enad~ somxuria dasaxelebuli.

dapyrobil qveyanaSi gabatonebuli xalxi, rogorc cnobilia, yovelTvis

cdilobda adgilobrivi mosaxleobis asimilacias. am mxriv, rogorc zemoT

vaCveneT, gamonaklisi arc somxeTis saxelmwifo iyo, magram albaneTis ar-

menizaciis procesi Turme ZaldatanebiTi ar yofila. xSirad Tvlian, rom

roca somxeTis mefeebi albaneTis provinciebis xarjze TavianT teritorie-

bs afarToebdnen, ZaliT axdendnen adgilobrivi mosaxleobis armenizacias.

es Sexeduleba sruliad mcdaria. arc erTi Zveli saxelmwifo ar cdilob-

da ZaldatanebiT daenerga Tavisi ena ucxoenovan mosaxleobaSi. saerTod

ki albaneTis im provinciebis mosaxleobas, sadac somxebi batonobdnen,

`aravin uSlida saxlSi mSobliur enaze esaubraT~.35

albaneTi jer kidev IV-V saukuneebSi yofila nawilobriv armenizebuli

_ gasomxebuli. v. goilaZe wers _ `...akad. s. eremianis Tanaxmad, mtkvris

marjvena mxares mdebare albanuri olqebidan IV-V saukuneebSi arcaxi

mTlianad, xolo utiki nawilobriv iyo armenizebuli.~36 miuxedavad amisa,

albaneTSi V saukuneSi Seiqmna erovnuli anbani, mwerloba da albanuri

istoriografiac ki _ `rogorc Cans, albanelebs mokle drois ganmavloba-

Si hyavdaT TavianTi Zveli istorikosebi~, _ naTqvamia `Zveli msoflios

istoriis~ III tomSi. magram ̀ albaneTSi literaturuli ena ar Seqmnila~.37


arsebobs sxva Tvalsazrisic. rogorc aRvniSneT, albanelma xalxma V saukuneSi

Seqmna sakuTari erovnuli damwerloba, da Seqmnila kidec albanuri liter-

aturis originaluri Zeglebi, romelTac Cvenamde ar mouRweviaT. damwerloba,

cxadia, gamoiyeneboda saeklesio albanurenovani wignebis saWiroebisaTvis.

aqedan Cans, rom V saukuneSi albaneTis eklesiebSi saeklesio enad albanuri

ena gamoiyeneboda, Tu mTel albaneTSi ara, mis zogierT kuTxeSi mainc. amasTanave

varaudoben, rom ukve VII saukunis albaneli istorikosi mose kalankatueli

Tavis Txzulebas wers ara albanur, aramed somxur enaze.

Tu V saukuneSi SemoRebuli albanuri damwerloba da albanurenovani

wignebi VII saukuneSi ukve aRar gamoiyeneboda albanelTa mier, Cans, am ori

saukunis Sua _ VI saukuneSi, albanur eklesiaSi moxda raRac cvlileba,

kerZod, albanurenovani wirva-locva Seicvala somxurenovani wirva-locviT.

marTlac, VI saukuneSi Zalze didi Zvrebi xdeba amierkavkasiis eklesie-

bSi. sparseTis mier dapyrobil amierkavkasiis qveynebSi eklesiebze zedamxed-

veloba moipova somxeTis eklesiam. sparseTma somxur eklesias misca neba,

lideroba moepovebina amierkavkasiaSi (sparsul nawilSi). amis gamo am-

ierkavkasiis somxeTTan mosazRvre kuTxeTa eklesiebSi met-naklebad dain-

erga somxurenovani RvTismsaxureba. albaneTi adreve, IV-V saukuneebSi met-

naklebad armenizebuli qveyana iyo, amitomac aq VI saukuneSi somxureno-

vani RvTismsaxurebis sayovelTaod gavrceleba Zneli ar iqneboda, amito-

mac somxurma saeklesio enam Secvala albanuri saeklesio ena. amis Semdeg

albaneTi somxurenovania saeklesio TvalsazrisiT. albanuri wignebi da

damwerloba maT Semdeg aRarasodes gamouyenebiaT _ arc erT saukuneSi.

albaneli xalxic TandaTan gadagvarda.

VIII s-is Semdeg somexi monofizitebis mier devnilma albanelma qalke-

donitma berebma Tavi qarTul monastrebs Seafares, maT albaneTidan Tan

wamoiRes albanurenovani saeklesio wignebi, _ albanuri anbaniT dawerilni,

magram Semdgom maTi rigebi aRar Seivso da wignebi qarTvelebma gamoiyenes,

isini palimsestebad gadaiqcnen, kerZod, SemdegSi albanur wignebs qarTuli

wignebisTvis iyenebdnen.

b) saeklesio ena hereTSib) saeklesio ena hereTSib) saeklesio ena hereTSib) saeklesio ena hereTSib) saeklesio ena hereTSi

gansaxilvel periodSi, VI-VII saukuneebSi, hereTi albaneTis erT-erTi

Semadgeneli nawili iyo, moqceuli mis dasavleTiT, amitomac is saeklesio

reforma, Tu cvlileba, romelic albaneTSi mimdinareobda am dros (saekle-

sio enad somxuri enis danergva), hereTSic tardeboda Zvel qarTul istori-

ografiaSi miRebuli TvalsazrisiT.

hereTi TviT IX-X saukuneebamde monofizituri iyo, is qalkedonitobaze

moaqcia dedofalma dinaram. iq `mefobamde iSxanikissa pirvelni yovelni

iyvnes mwvalebelni~.38


amitomac, monofizituri hereTis saeklesio ena VI-IX saukuneebSi iyo

somxuri ena, ise rogorc mTel albaneTSi saerTod.

V saukuneSi hereTi Sedioda ara albaneTis Se-

madgenlobaSi, aramed qarTlis (iberiis) samefoSi.

Cven amis damadastureblad gvaqvs ueWveli saist-

orio wyaro ̀ SuSanikis wameba~, sadac hereTs pirda-

pir ewodeba qarTli. sparsTagan wamosuli var-

sqen pitiaxSio _ weria iq, Semovida qarTlSi, ker-

Zod ki, hereTis qveyanaSio _ ̀ ...moiwia igi sazRvar-

Ta qarTlisaTa, queyanasa mas hereTisasa.~39 xolo

hereTSi wamebuli SuSanikis saqme `yovel qarTl-

Si~ ganiTqvao, radganac hereTi ̀ yoveli qarTlis~

nawili iyo _ `ganiTqua yovelsa qarTlsa saqmH

misi.~ SuSanikis sanaxavad `...aznaurni da uaznoni

soflisa qarTlisani movides~40 _ TviT hereTs

ewodeba qarTli, amitomac avtori aq sityva hereTs

ar xmarobs da qarTls xmarobs mis magier.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, hereTi, ara marto V saukuneSi warmoadgen-

da qarTlis samefos, aramed qarTuli erovnuli saxelmwifos SeqmnisTanave,

qristemde IV-III saukuneebSi, farnavazis dros, is samefos SemadgenlobaSi

iyo. hereTi istoriulad qarTlis Semadgenel nawilad ganixileboda. eTni-

kurad, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, herebi arian qarTvelebis `Tvisni~.

wmida ninos mier qarTuli erovnuli eklesiis daarsebis dros, IV sauku-

neSi hereTi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. wmida ninom TviT

moaqcia hereTi qristianul rjulze. amis Sesaxeb cnobebi gvaqvs ara marto

qarTul wyaroebSi, aramed somxurSic, kerZod, mose xoreneli wers wmida

ninos Sesaxeb, rom man moaqcia qarTveli eri klarjeTidan vidre kaspiis

karamde da masquTebis qveynamdeo. masquTebi kaspiis zRvasTan cxovrobdnen _

`man iqadaga klarjeTidan dawyebuli vidre alanTa da kaspiis karamde,

masquTTa sazRvrebamde, rogorc amas agaTangelozi gauwyebs Sen~.41

aRsaniSnavia, rom mose xoreneli wmida ninos `qarTvelTa momaqcevels~

uwodebs, amitomac wmida ninos mier moqceuli mosaxleoba `klarjeTidan

vidre kaspiis karamde~, Cans, mose xorenels qarTvelebad miaCnia.

axla unda iTqvas V saukuneSi hereTis saeklesio enis Sesaxeb _ V

saukuneSi hereTis saeklesio ena qarTuli iyo, imis gamo, rom aq IV sauku-

nidanve vrceldeboda qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcia. qarTuli ena wmida

ninos mier daarsebuli eklesiis ena iyo, hereTi ki wmida ninos (e.i. qarTul)

eklesiaSi Sedioda. is faqti, rom pirveli qarTuli qristianuli moTxroba

SuSanikis wamebis Sesaxeb hereTs eZRvneba (da rogorc TviT moTxrobidan

Cans, aqvea dawerili jer kidev gaunelebeli STabeWdilebiT), gvisabuTebs im

azrs, rom V saukuneSi hereTis saeklesio ena qarTuli ena iyo.


ra enaze laparakobdnen herebi, romeli iyo maTi mSobliuri ena?

albaneli xalxis ena iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa jgufs miekuTvneboda da

enaTesaveboda daRestnur enebs.

albaneTis mniSvnelovani nawili mtkvris marjvena mxares da misi cen-

traluri olqi utiqi armenizebuli yofila.

albaneTSi iberiul-kavkasiur (daRestnur) enaTa jgufis garda gavr-

celebuli yofila iranuli da Turquli enebi, agreTve adgilobriv mosaxle-

obas miuRia somxuri ena, anu nawilobriv armenizebuli _ gasomxebuli

yofila.

albaneTSi enaTa aseTi mravalferovnebis fonze srulebiT ar mogveCvene-

ba gasakviri aq qarTveluri enebis arsebobac. marTlac, albaneTis dasav-

leT provinciaSi _ hereTSi _ mcxovrebi mosaxleoba (herebi) qarTuleno-

vani yofila. mkvlevari zaza sxirtlaZe wers: ̀ ...ukanaskneli wlebis gamokv-

levebSi, vrceli faqtobrivi masalis moxmobisa da gaanalizebis safuZ-

velze damajerebladaa dasabuTebuli, rom VII-X ss. hereTis teritoriaze

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis (herebis, sujebis) kultura aRmosavlur-qarTul

wres ganekuTvneboda, ena ki uciloblad qarTuli iyo~.42

magram somxur istoriografiaSi gamoTqmulia sxva mosazreba, kerZod,

TiTqosda hereTis teritoriaze cxovrobda somxuri mosaxleoba _ amgvari

varaudi dReisaTvis ucxo aRar aris _ igi, rogorc cnobilia, hereTis

mosaxleobis eTnikuri Semadgenlobis Taobaze msjelobisas adrec ramden-

jerme yofila gamoTqmuli~, kerZod, mecnierebs a. mnacakanians wignSi ̀ kavkasiis

albaneTis literaturis Sesaxeb~ da g. mkrtumians wignSi _ `kaxeT-hereTis

samefo da somxur-qarTuli urTierTdamokidebuleba~ gamoTqmuli hqoniaT

mosazreba _ `...hereTis teritoriaze somxuri mosaxleobis arsebobaze...~

amitom _ hereTSi an somxuri mosaxleoba cxovrobda da XI saukunis

Semdeg es xalxi gaqarTvelda, anda piriqiT herebi qarTulenovani xalxi

iyo, romelmac VI-X saukuneebSi ganicada nawilobrivi armenizacia albane-

Tis sxva kuTxeTa msgavsad, XI saukunidan hereTi kvlav qalkedonituri

qveyana gaxda da amitomac aq eklesiebSi wirva-locvis enad kvlav aRdga

herTaTvis mSobliuri qarTulenovani RvTismsaxureba. rogorc aRniSnuli

gvqonda, X saukuneSi monofizituri hereTi qalkedonitobaze moaqcia di-

nara dedofalma. iqamde VI-IX saukuneebSi hereTi monofizituri iyo. monofiz-

itebis saeklesio ena am periodSi somxuri ena iyo. Sesabamisad maSin, roca

hereTi monofizituri iyo, aq wirva-locvis ena somxuri ena iyo, xolo roca

hereTi kvlav daubrunda qalkedonitobas, misi saeklesio ena kvlav qarTu-

li ena gaxda.

hereTis armenizacia ise Rrma ar yofila, rogorc Sua da samxreT al-

baneTisa iyo. Tu albaneTis mtkvris marjvena sanapiro da centraluri

provincia _ utiqi mTlianad iqna armenizebuli, hereTis armenizacia Se-


darebiT umniSvnelo iyo, imis gamo, rom herebi qarTulenovani xalxi iyo, mis

mezoblad kaxeTsa da qarTlSi aseve qarTulenovani xalxi cxovrobda, rac

xels uwyobda hereTSi qarTulenovnebis SenarCunebas. herebis sasaubro,

saojaxo ena qarTuli ena iyo, mxolod eklesiaSi ixmareboda somxuri ena

saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis _ monofizitobis dros. hereTis samefos Seqm-

nis Semdeg, IX saukuneSi, saxelmwifo (!) ena iyo qarTuli ena _ mosaxleobis

deda ena. miuxedavad amisa, saeklesio ena am dros mainc somxuri iyo

monofizitobis gamo. somxuri enis codna ganaTlebisa da mwignobrobis

misaRebad aucileblad saWiro iyo, Tu romelime axalgazrda somxeTSi

amisaTvis gaemgzavreboda. arsebobs lalaianis mier Cawerili legenda,

romlis mixedviTac, cnobili mecnieri _ filosofosi VI saukunisa daviT

uZleveli, warmoSobiT hereTidan yofila, hereTi ki V saukuneSi qarTlSi

Semavali qveyana iyo. daviTi ganaTlebis misaRebad somxeTSi gamgzavrebula,

Semdeg ki kvlav dabrunebula qarTlSi.

hereTis istoriuli geografia saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi icvleboda. qar-

Tvelebi hereTs zogjer mTel albaneTs uwodebdnen, rogorc magaliTad,

arseni safareli Tavis TxzulebaSi. hereTi da gugarqi, anu qvemo qarTli

erTmaneTis mezoblebi iyvnen da zogjer erTmaneTis teritoriebs nawilo-

briv faravdnen, magaliTad, curtavi xan hereTSia (iakob curtavelis Tanax-

mad), xan kidev gugarqSia (`epistoleTa wignisa~ da uxtanesis Tanaxmad).

axali gamokvlevebis mixedviT, hereTSi Sedioda Saqic. cnobilia, rom

Zveli qarTveli saeklesio istorikosebi SuSaniks uwodebdnen `ranis ded-

ofals~, magram Cven viciT, rom SuSaniki hereTis dedofali iyo. Cans, ̀ rani~

Sua saukuneebSi ewoda hereTis erT nawils. aqedan Cans, rom hereTi did

teritoriaze yofila gadaWimuli. da Tu `rani~ hereTis nawils ewoda,

maSin hereTi albaneTis centraluri `utiqis~ provinciis mezobeli yofi-

la. albaneTis es provincia ki armenizebuli, anu gasomxebuli iyo. dasav-

leTiT hereTi uSualod qalkedonur centrebs _ mcxeTa-Tbiliss emezoble-

boda. igi monofizitur da qalkedonitur qveynebs Soris yofila moTavse-

buli, amitomac Sesabamisad mosaxleobis is nawili, romelic hereTis aRmo-

savleTSi cxovrobda, monofizituri iqneboda (ise, rogorc mTeli albaneTi),

xolo hereTis dasavleTiT qalkedonitur qarTlTan mcxovrebi mosaxleoba

naklebad iqneboda gamonofizitebuli da, albaT, nawilobriv mainc qalke-

donituri iyo (igulisxmeba VI-IX saukuneebi).

X saukuneSi hereTis mTlianad qalkedonitobaze moqceva dinara dedof-

lis mier warmoadgenda hereTis srul gamoyofas monofizituri albaneTidan,

ufro zustad IX saukuneSi hereTi politikurad gamoeyo albaneTs, xolo X

saukuneSi _ sarwmunoebrivad.

yuradReba unda mieqces erT garemoebas, Tu herebis dedaena albanuri iyo,

rogor moxda herebis `gaqarTveleba~?43 saerTod, amJamad miRebulia aseTi


Teoria: roca romelime araqarTulenovani mxare qarTuli (mcxeTis) eklesi-

is gavlenis sferoSi eqceoda, xdeboda am mxaris `gaqarTveleba~. es Teoria

srulebiT ver xsnis hereTis gaqarTvelebis sakiTxs. saqme isaa, rom VI-IX ss-

Si hereTi Sedioda ara qarTuli, aramed somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sfero-

Si. amitomac is monofizituri iyo da ara qalkedonituri. amis gamo hereTSi

wirva-locvis ena somxuri iyo. miuxedavad amisa, hereTis samefos Seqmni-

sTanave, hereTis saxelmwifo ena qarTuli gaxda da ara somxuri, es im dros,

roca arc qarTul (mcxeTis) eklesiasa da arc qarTul saxelmwifos hereTze

xeli ar miuwvdebodaT. Tu herebi albanurenovani xalxi iyo am dros, iq unda

danergiliyo saerTo-saxelmwifo somxuri ena, radganac mTel albaneTSi

swored somxuri ena iyo saerTo-saxelmwifo-saeklesio ena. da radganac am

pirobebSi hereTSi saerTo-saxelmwifo enad dainerga swored qarTuli da

ara somxuri ena (igulisxmeba IX saukune, hereTis gaqalkedonitebamde), miu-

TiTebs, rom herebi iyvnen ara Tu qarTulenovani xalxi, aramed qarTvelebi.

xSirad Zveli drois araqarTveli istorikosebi albaneTs iverias-ibe-

rias uwodebdnen da Sesabamisad albaneTs iverebiT dasaxlebulad miiC-

nevdnen. aseTi Tvalsazrisi nawilobriv aisaxa qarTul wyaroebSi. rogorc

aRniSnuli gvqonda, `qarTlis cxovrebasa~ da sxva qronikebs albaneTis

mniSvnelovani nawili _ hereTi `qarTlis samefos~ nawilad miaCndaT, mo-

saxleobas ki, herebs, qarTvelebad miiCnevdnen, ase rom, hereTs qarTls anu

iverias uwodebdnen ara marto ucxoeli, aramed qarTveli avtorebic. amit-

omac, Cans, hereTis cnobili dedofali dinara ucxoel avtorTa mier iveri-

is dedofal dinarad iqna wodebuli, rac aisaxa kidec rusul TqmulebaSi

`iveriis dedofal dinaras~ Sesaxeb. dinaras dedoflobis dros hereTi

didi saxelmwifo iyo, romelic moicavda teritoriebs, romelTac Semdgom

ewoda Saqi, rani, movakani da sxva. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom Crdilokavkasiel

tomebsa da mis CrdiloeTiT mcxovreb savromatul tomebs aqtiuri urTier-

Toba hqondaT albaneTTan (da hereTTan) `Coris~, derbendis, kaspiis kariT.

CrdiloeTSi mcxovrebi xalxebi albaneTsa da hereTs ukeT icnobdnen, vi-

dre, vTqvaT, saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebs. albaneTTan mWidro kontaqtebi

hqondaT xazarebsac, xolo maT Semdeg slavur da rusul tomebsac.44 amit-

omac, dedofali dinara, romelmac albaneTis mniSvnelovani nawili _ here-

Ti qalkedonitobaze moaqcia, CrdiloeTis xalxebisaTvis legendarul

pirovnebad iqca, xolo TviT hereTi Crdiloeli xalxebisaTvis iberiis

Sesasvleli, mTavari qveyana iyo (CrdiloeTis tomebi albaneTSi Sediodnen

kaspiis gziT, derbendidan, ̀ Coris~ kariT).

hereTis dasavleTiT (qarTlis uSualo sazRvarTan) mdebareobda ganTqmuli

daviT garejis lavra. ismis kiTxva: Tu hereTi VI-IX ss-Si monofizituri

iyo albaneTis msgavsad, ra sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebisa iyo es lavra?


daviT garejelis cxovrebaSi gvaqvs aseTi

momenti _ wmida mama daviTi Cadis garejis

sanaxebSi, sadac mas Sexvdeba mis mimarT mtru-

lad ganwyobili aznauri, romelic somxurad

metyvelebs. daviT garejeli iZulebuli xde-

ba mis mosaklavad SemarTul kacs somxuri

eniTve upasuxos. `mas Jamsa Sina movida bar-

barozi vinme naTesavi adgilTagan ruAsTavi-

saTa... daukYrda barbarozsa mas da hrqua: ̀ vi-

naA xar Sen?~ miugo man somxuriTa eniTa...~45

daviT garejelis cxovrebis zemoT moyva-

nili cnobidan Cans, rom hereTs ara marto

aRmosavleTidan emezobleboda somxurenovani

albanuri Temi utiqi, aramed dasavleTiTac

(qvemo qarTl-gugarqSic) mosaxleobaSi nawilobrivad mainc somxurenovne-

ba danergila.

asurel mamaTa cxovrebidan Cans, rom isini qarTul enaze laparaks

gansakuTrebul, principul mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen. ̀ qarTlis cxovrebaSi~

gvaqvs momenti, roca maT misagebeblad gamosul kaTalikoss asureli mamebi

qarTul enaze upasuxeben. qarTul enaze laparaks maSin principuli mniS-

vneloba hqonda, radganac VI saukunis I naxevarSi amierkavkasiis eklesie-

bze zedadgomis, zedamxedvelobis ufleba sparseTma mianiWa somxur-monofiz-

itur eklesias da amitomac yvelgan inergeboda somxurenovani RvTismsax-

ureba. qarTul enaze saubars da qarTulenovan RvTismsaxurebas, Cans, anti-

monofizitur anu antisparsul movlenad miiCnevdnen. aseT dros asurel

mamaTa mier qarTuli enis gamoyenebas proqalkedonituri da antimonofiz-

ituri mniSvneloba eniWeboda.

sruliad ueWvelia, da yvelasTvis cnobilia, rom daviT garejis lavra

VI-X saukuneebSi qarTulenovani monastrebisgan Sedgeboda. es faqti TavisTa-

vad warmoadgens pasuxs am lavris sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebis Sesaxeb.

es lavra monofizituri mimarTulebisa rom yofiliyo, iq danergili iqne-

boda mxolod da mxolod somxurenovani wirva-locva da araviTar SemTx-

vevaSi qarTulenovani, magram aq somxurenovani wirva-locva ar yofila,

cxadia, es lavra qalkedonituri iyo.

aSkaraa, daviT garejis monastrebi aferxebdnen hereTis dasavleTi nawilis

armenizacias da xels uwyobdnen hereTSi qalkedonuri mrwamsis aRdgenas.

marTalia, hereTis mcire nawili, romelzedac daviT-garejis monastrebs gav-

lena hqondaT, qalkedonituri iyo, ZiriTadi nawili dinara dedoflamde monofiz-

ituri yofila, rasac Taviseburi gavlena eqneboda mosaxleobaze. uTuod amis

asaxvaa sabereebis erT-erT eklesiaSi somxurenovani warwerebis arseboba.


sabereebad wodebul samonastro kompleqsSi ramdenime eklesia yofila.

erT-erT eklesiaSi aRmoCnda somxuri ganmartebiTi warwerebi. somxuri

warwerebis aRmoCenam maSinve warmoSva azri hereTSi somxuri adgilobrivi

mosaxleobis arsebobis Sesaxeb _ `...somxuri ganmartebiTi warwerebis arse-

bobis faqti, bunebrivia, badebs mosazrebas, romlis mixedviTac es epi-

grafikuli masala adgilobriv, hereTis (am SemTxvevaSi kambeCanis) terito-

riaze somxuri mosaxleobis arsebobaze unda miuTiTebdes... monasterSi

qarTvelebTan erTad moRvawe somxebic am eTnikuri jgufidan unda yofil-

iyvnen gamosulni. amgvari varaudi mosaxleobis eTnikuri Semadgenlobis

Taobaze msjelobisas adrec ramdenjerme yofila gamoTqmuli~.46

z. sxirtlaZe ar iziarebs gamoTqmul varauds hereTSi somxuri mosaxleobis

arsebobis Sesaxeb, Tumca uSvebs, rom _ `somxuri mosaxleobis wili hereTisa

sazogadod da, kerZod, kambeCanis teritoriaze erTob mcire unda yofiliyo~.47

misi azriT, am monasterSi mosulan qalkedoniti somxebi, romlebic

gaqarTvelebulan. Turme aq mimdinareobda qalkedonit somexTa denaciona-

lizaciis procesi.48

sinamdvileSi ki rogorc masalebidan Cans, hereTsa da kambeCanSi cx-

ovrobda ara somxuri mosaxleoba, aramed qarTvelebi, nawilobriv armenize-

buli, rac Seexeba qalkedoniti somxebis ̀ denacionalizacias~, somexi qalke-

donitebi somxebadve darCnen, radganac maTSi erovnuli TviTSegnebisa da

erovnuli siamayis, erisa da mamulis siyvarulis grZnoba sarwmunoebriv

grZnobaze naklebi ara yofila. somxeTis mdidari istoriografia naTlad

gadmoscems, rom somex ers Tavisi erovneba iseve amaRlebuli hqonda, rogorc

sarwmunoeba da arasodes erTs meores ar anacvalebda.

xolo hereTSi arsebuli sinamdvile srulad aris gadmocemuli qarTul

wyaroebSi _ X saukuneSi hereTi qalkedonituri qveyana gaxda, aqamde ki is

monofizituri iyo, TiTqmis 200-300 wlis manZilze VI_IX saukuneebSi, rac

imas niSnavs, rom aq mwignobrobis, mecnierebis, damwerlobis, azris Caweris

ena iyo somxuri ena, somxuri anbani.

X saukuneSi, roca mTeli hereTi gaqalkedonitda, daviT-garejis monas-

trebSi da maT Soris sabereebSic hereTis sxva kuTxeebidan mividnen ukve

qalkedoniti, yofili monofiziti berebi, maT wirva-locvis ena ki gaegebo-

daT, radganac qarTuli maTi dedaena iyo, magram, rogorc Cans, wera-kiTxva

qarTulad ar icodnen, icodnen mxolod somxurad (romelic maT adre,

siymawvileSive Seiswavles), SesaZloa, amitomac monastris winamZRvrebma

qarTuli wera-kiTxvis ucodinari am qarTveli berebisTvis kedlebze saga-

ngebod gaakeTebines somxurenovani ganmartebiTi warwerebi, raTa maT Tavisu-

flad SeZlebodaT gageba, Tu vin iyvnen gamoxatulni eklesiis kedlebze.

momdevno axalma nakadma, albaT ukve icoda qarTuli wera-kiTxva (Seiswav-

les), amitomac Semdgom saukuneebSi saWiro aRar gaxda am da sxva eklesieb-

Si somxuri ganmartebiTi warwerebis gakeTeba.


ase rom, hereTSi mimdinareobda ara ̀ denacionalizacia~, aramed piriqiT,

mosaxleoba daubrunda mSobliurenovan RvTismsaxurebas.

unda davaskvnaT, rom hereTi qristianobis Casaxvis periodSi, IV-V sauku-

neebSi, qarTuli eklesiis nawili iyo. VI-X saukuneebSi hereTis didi naw-

ili monofizitur-somxur eklesiaSi Sedioda. X saukuneSi hereTi daubrun-

da dedaqarTul eklesias, Sesabamisad, IV-V saukuneebSi hereTis saeklesio

ena qarTuli enaa, VI-IX saukuneebSi _ somxuri ena, X saukunidan kvlav

qarTuli ena.

g) saeklesio ena gugarqSi, anu qvemo qarTlSig) saeklesio ena gugarqSi, anu qvemo qarTlSig) saeklesio ena gugarqSi, anu qvemo qarTlSig) saeklesio ena gugarqSi, anu qvemo qarTlSig) saeklesio ena gugarqSi, anu qvemo qarTlSi

somxuri istoriografiis Tanaxmad, somxeTis CrdiloeTiT moqceuli vr-

celi qveynis _ gugarqis centri aris qalaqi curtavi. gugarqi qarTlis

qveyanaa. curtavi dRevandel rusTavTan axlos mdebareobda, esaa qvemo

qarTli. aqaur eklesiebsa da maT naSTebze V saukuniT daTariRebuli

mravali qarTuli warwera arsebobs, rac imis utyuari niSania, rom gugarq-

Si saeklesio ena, anu wirva-locvis ena IV-V saukuneebSi iyo qarTuli ena.

amave dros Cvenamde moRweulia pirvelxarisxovani saistorio wyaro _

`epistoleTa wigni~ VI-VII saukuneebisa, saidanac sruliad aSkarad Cans,

rom saerTod gugarqSi da kerZod curtavSi (e. i. qvemo qarTlSi) arsebob-

da `somxurenovani~ mosaxleobis sakmao raodenoba.

amJamad qarTul istoriografiaSi aris mcdeloba, es somxurenovani mo-

saxleoba gamoacxadon Zalze mcirericxovan Temad, romelic curtavSi

saxlobda, magram aseT mosazrebas ewinaaRmdegeba `epistoleTa wigni~, sa-

dac garkveviT weria, rom somxurenovani mosaxleoba Zalze mravalricxova-

nia, maT gugarqSi aqvT ̀ qveynebi~, soflebi, dabebi, hyavT aznaurebi da glex-

ebi, axalgazrdebi da moxucebi, aseve mimarTaven kidec maT somexi ierarqebi

_ ̀ savaneTa xucesebs da soflis mRvdlebs, aznaurebsa da glexebs, moxuceb-

sa da yrmebs somxurenovani qveynebis sruliad yovel msoflions, romelnic

xarT curtavis eklesiis samwysoSi...~49

aqedan aSkaraa, rom mxolod erTi qalaqis (dabis) curtavis mcirericxo-

van somxurenovan Tems ki ar egzavneba es epistole, aramed curtavis

eklesiis samwysoSi (anu eparqiaSi) moqceuli `qveynebis~ somxurenovan mo-

saxleobas, Torem ramdeni ̀ savane~ unda hqonoda erTi dabis mcirericxovan

Tems, rom es sityva mravlobiT ricxvSi ar daeweraT?

curtavis somxurenovani Temi mravalricxovani yofila da mTel mis

samwysoSi, anu gugarq-qvemo qarTlSi yofilan gabneulni. ras niSnavs ̀ somx-

urenovneba~? fiqroben, rom somxuri ena am mosaxleobis dedaena, mSobliuri

ena iyo, rac arasworia. somxuri ena am mosaxleobis saeklesio ena iyo, anu

maT eklesiebSi somxur enaze tardeboda wirva-locva (monofizituri sarwmu-


noebis gamo). eTnikurad es `somxurenovani~ xalxi qarTvelebi iyvnen da

maTi dedaena iyo qarTuli ena. aseTi mtkicebis uflebas iZleva TviT

`epistoleTa wigni~, sadac sruliad garkveviT, aSkarad weria, rom curtave-

li episkoposi mose iyo `qarTvelTa~ episkoposi.

`epistoleTa wignis~ erT-erTi Tavis dasaTaureba aseTia _ `mizezi or-

bunebianTa meoTxe krebisa, mose qarTvelTa marTlmadidebeli episkoposisa~.50

somxebi marTlmadidebels uwodebdnen monofizits, mose qarTvelTa

monofiziti episkoposi iyo. cnobilia, rom es mose curtavis eparqiis

mmarTveli episkoposi iyo, curtavis eparqia ki mTel gugarqs _ qvemo

qarTls moicavda, moses saepiskoposoSi mTeli gugarqi Sedioda.

gugarqis mosaxleoba (gugarelebi) rom eTnikurad qarTvelebi iyvnen, es

kargad icodnen Zvelma somexma istorikosebma. amis Sesaxeb pirdapir wers

uxtanesi.

curtavi, _ wers uxtanesi, _ didi saxelovani dedaqalaqi iyo, samkvi-

drebeli gugarelTa didi pitiaxSisa, axla ki curtavi daba-qalaqia da

gaCiani hqvia. am mxares ki ̀ vrac daSti~, qarTvelTa veli ewodebao. uxtane-

si aRwers gugarelTa didi pitiaxSebis genealogias. is eyrdnoba mose

xorenels. gugarelTa didi pitiaxSebio, _ wers is, _ iverielTa anu qarTvelTa

tomebze gaabatona aleqsandre makedonelmao. uxtanesis mixedviT, es iveri-

elebi, anu qarTvelebi cxovroben vrcel teritoriaze, romelic gadaWim-

ulia Savi zRvidan vidre somxeTisa da albaneTis sazRvramde. gugarqi ki

swored somxeT-albaneTis sazRvarTan mdebareobda, amitomac is, uxtanesis

mixedviT, qarTvelebiT iyo dasaxlebuli. uxtanesi imeorebs Zvel istoriko-

sTa Tvalsazriss, romelic ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaASicaa~ gadmocemuli _ qarTve-

li xalxis kavkasiaSi cxovrebis Sesaxeb. Tavdapirvelado, _ wers is, _

iverielebi, anu qarTvelebi sxva, Soreul qveyanaSi cxovrobdnen. nabuq-

odonosorma es qarTvelebi, anu iverielebi Zveli qveynidan gadmoasaxla

kavkasiaSi, kerZod, daasaxla Savi zRvis piras. `...pontos napirze rom da-

banakda, is tomi aRorZinda, gamravlda zRvis piras aqeT-iqiT, moedo im

mxares da gavrcelda somexTa da albanTa sazRvramde, Seiqmna friad

mravali xalxi... iTesles da gamravldnen da gaxda tomi, romelsac Tavis

pirvel qveyanaSi iverias uwodebdnen, aq ki qarTvelni ewodebaT... msurda

ramodenime sityviT curtavis mravali mosaxsenebeli mecnobebina SenTvis~.51

uxtanesi Tavis TxzulebaSi qarTvelTa Sesaxeb zemoT moyvanil Txrobas

imitom rTavs, rom saubari aqvs curtavze, xolo curtavze saubrisas ki

aucileblad saWiroa qarTvelTa Sesaxeb iTqvas, radganaco, _ wers is, _

curtav-gugarqi qarTvelebiT aris dasaxlebuli, radganac mTeli terito-

ria Savi zRvidan somxeT-albaneTamde qarTvelebiT aris dasaxlebuli da

isini Cvengan kirionma ganaSorao: _ `...gamoacalkeva da ganaSora Cvengan

kirion skutrelma, daaqcia da warwymida esodeni simravlis tomi~.52


uxtanesi aq pirdapir, aSkarad da daufaravad wers, rom curtavsa da

gugarqSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi somxuri eklesiisa da somxuri qristiano-

bis zegavlenisa da zemoqmedebis qveS iyvnen. ase rom ar yofiliyo, kirioni

rogorRa ̀ gamoyofda, gamoacalkavebda, ganaSorebda~ somxuri eklesiisa da

somxebisgan curtav-gugarqis qarTvelebs? gana ase ar wers uxtanesi _

`ganaSora Cvengan... esodeni simravlis tomi~, e.i. qarTvelebio? TviT uxtane-

sis Txzulebidan ki Cans, rom gugarqSi mcxovrebi qarTveloba saeklesio

enad somxurs xmarobda, qarTuls ki SinaobaSi iyenebda. kirionis reformis

Sedegad qarTulenovani RvTismsaxureba aRdga gugarq-curtavSi, rasac didi

winaaRmdegoba gauwia somxeTis eklesiam dvinSi.

CvenSi aris mcdeloba, qarTuli eklesiis, anda romelime kuTxis somxuri

eklesiis gavlenis qveS yofna uaryon da Sesabamisi cnobebi tendenciurad

gamoacxadon, magram amis Sesaxeb cnobilia msoflio specialur liter-

aturaSi, ai, kerZod, ras wers berZeni mitropoliti maqsime aTenSi 1966

wels dabeWdil Tavis SromaSi ̀ qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia~: _ ̀ zemoT-

moyvanili analizis safuZvelze SeuZleblad migvaCnia somexTa mtkiceba,

rom maT ekuTvniT saqarTveloSi qristianobis gavrcelebis damsaxureba. es,

ra Tqma unda, ar niSnavs, rom saerTod ar iyo urTierTdamokidebuleba or

eklesias Soris, da rom saqarTvelo mTlianad, an ukidures SemTxvevaSi,

misi romelime nawili ar imyofeboda raRac damokidebulebaSi somxeTis

eklesiis kaTalikosTan. radganac ar unda daviviwyoT, rom saqarTvelo

Tavidan warmoadgenda ara erTian samefos, aramed iyo ase Tu ise TavisTa-

vadi saTavadoebis erToblioba. ase rom, ar gamoiricxeba SesaZlebloba am

qveynis romelime eparqiis daqvemdebarebisa somxeTis kaTalikosis iuris-

diqciisTvis, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom TiTqosda mTeli qarTveli

xalxi rodesme, Tundac droebiT, iyo aseT daqvemdebarebaSi... sparseTis

Sahebi Cagravdnen qarTvelebs, cdilobdnen daeqvemdebarebinaT isini somx-

uri eklesiis iurisdiqciisTvis... Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi im faqts, rom

WeSmariteba yovelTvis imyofeba or ukiduresobaTa Soris, maSin unda

davaskvnaT, rom Tu arsebobda raime gavlena, anda saqarTvelos Tundac

droebiTi daqvemdebareba somxur eklesiaze, am hipoTezas SeiZleba daveT-

anxmoT ara mTel saqarTvelosTan mimarTebiT, aramed mxolod misi aRmosav-

leTi nawilis ramdenime eparqiasTan dakavSirebiT~.53

is, rac cnobili da mecnierul brunvaSia mTel msoflioSi, uaryofili ar

unda iqnas CvenSic, kerZod, Zlier somxur eklesias Tavisi antiqalkedonuri,

anu antibizantiuri mimarTulebis gamo bizantiasTan mebrZoli sparseTi V-

VI saukuneebSi da araboba VII-IX saukuneebSi aZlierebda da kargad epyro-

boda. Tavis mxriv, bizantiis saxelmwifoc cdilobda Tavis mxareze gadaebi-

rebina Zlieri somxuri eklesia dayvavebiT, moferebiT, daTmobiT da yovelmxrivi

xelSewyobiT (sparseTisa da bizantiis somxur eklesiasTan damokidebulebis


Sesaxeb wers msoflio eklesiis istoriis cnobili mkvlevari a. kartaSevi

Tavis wignSi ̀ _ msoflio krebebi~, parizi, 1963, rus. enaze).

zemoaRniSnulis gamo somxurma eklesiam SeZlo Tavisi gavlenis sfero-

Si moeqcia somxeTis uSualod mezoblad mdebare arasomxuri provinciebi

rogorc albaneTisa, ise saqarTvelosi. somxeTis momijnave gugarqis, mesxe-

Tis, taos provinciebze somxurma eklesiam rogorc spars-arabTa, ise bizan-

tielTa xelSewyobiT SeZlo Tavisi gavlenis gavrceleba. es gulisxmobda

am qarTul provinciebSi saeklesio somxurenovani wirva-locvis danergvas,

an qarTuli RvTismsaxurebis gverdiT, anda qarTuli RvTismsaxurebis Secv-

liT. amis Sedegad mkvidri qarTuli mosaxleoba saeklesio TvalsazrisiT

`somxurenovani~ xdeboda, xolo qarTul eklesiebsa Tu wmida wignebSi

Cndeboda somxuri minawerebi.

sainteresoa gugarqis Semdgomi bedi eklesiuri TvalsazrisiT. rogorc

cnobilia, gugarqSi Cvenma didma kaTalikosma kirionma RvTismsaxurebisas

SeZlo somxurenovani wirva-locvis gverdiT qarTulenovani wirva-locvis

danergva. es srulebiT miuRebeli gaxda somxuri eklesiisTvis da gadawyda

kirionis sastikad dasja. es im dros somxeTis prosparsulma mmarTvelma

smbatma ver SeZlo, magram male sparsTa mefem xosrom Seutia bizantias,

daamarcxa da aiRo ierusalimi, 614 wlisaTvis moiwvia saeklesio kreba,

romelzedac sparseTis imperiaSi mcxovrebi qristianebi daavaldebula

`mieRoT somxuri qristianoba~. amis gamo kirioni iZulebulia am droisTvis

sxvagan gadavides (lazikaSi). male sparseTi herakle keisarma daamarcxa

da man somxur eklesiasTan megobruli kavSiri, `unia~ Sekra. aRniSnulis

gamo, gugarqi SesaZloa kvlav moeqca somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi.

adgilobrivi mkvidri qarTvelebi Tumca qarTul enas ar iviwyeben, magram

SemdgomSi maleve saxelmwifo enadac somxuri ena mkvidrdeba, radganac X

saukunis bolosTvis aq arsdeba taSir-Zoragetis samefo _ ̀ somex mmarTvelTa

feodaluri saxelmwifo qvemo qarTlis teritoriaze~54 _ kvirikianebis

samefo. am SemTxvevaSi gugarqi TiTqosda imeorebs mezobeli albanuri

provinciebis istorias, albaneTis zogierT provinciaSi ufro adre somexma

aznaurebma SeZles somxurenovani TavisTavadi saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis

Seqmna. kvirikianebis samefo gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda 989-1048 wlebSi _

`roca samefos teritoria mniSvnelovnad gafarTovda Tbilisisa da ganjis

saamiroTa xarjze~.55 es samefo Semdeg anisis samefom SeierTa, Semdeg ki

bagrat IV-m, 1185 wlidan ki qarTlis es nawili samarTavad mxargrZelebs

gadaecaT. miuxedavad amisa, am mxaris qarTvelobam mainc SeZlo Tavisi

erovnebis SenarCuneba, XV saukunis Semdeg, rac erTiani qarTuli saxelm-

wifo daiSala, yofil gugarq-qvemo qarTlSi gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda monofiz-

ituri propaganda. Sedegmac ar daayovna da am mxares imJamad `somxiTi~

ewoda. ufro adre ki mas ̀ qarTvelTa veli~ erqva. adgilobrivma qarTvelma


Tavad-aznaurebma gvian Sua saukuneebSi scades gabatonebuli monofizito-

bisaTvis (sparsTa mier marTlmadideblobis akrZalvis gamo) kaTolikoba

daepirispirebinaT, magram sabolood mainc qvemo qarTli sarwmunoebrivi

TvalsazrisiT rTul qveynad darCa. masSi Tbilisis qvemo mxareebic Sedio-

da. XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi amas xels sparseTi uwyobda, aseve Tbilisis

mahmadiani mmarTvelebi, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca maT gavlena mxolod

Tbilissa da qvemo qarTlze hqondaT, xolo darCenil qarTls qalkedoniti

mmarTvelebi hyavda.56

d) saeklesio ena dasavleT saqarTveloSid) saeklesio ena dasavleT saqarTveloSid) saeklesio ena dasavleT saqarTveloSid) saeklesio ena dasavleT saqarTveloSid) saeklesio ena dasavleT saqarTveloSi

dasavleT saqarTveloSi IV-VI da agreTve VII saukunis dasawyisSi saek-

lesio ena iyo qarTuli da ara berZnuli ena, rogoradac aris miCneuli.

berZnuli ena dasavleT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovan nawilSi saeklesio enad

oficialurad iqca mxolod VII saukunis 30-iani wlebidan. amis mizezi is

iyo, rom VII saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi bizantiis imperatorma herakle

keisarma dasavleT saqarTvelos erTi nawili, ̀ zRvispireTi~, uSualod SeuerTa

bizantiis saxelmwifos, ris gamoc dasavleT saqarTvelos am dapyrobil

nawilze saeklesio iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sapatri-

arqom. aq daarsda lazikis berZnulenovani samitropolito, romelSic

Sedioda ramdenime berZnulenovani saepiskoposo. yvela saepiskoposo zRvis

siaxloves mdebareobda.

konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqcia ar moicavda mTel dasav-

leT saqarTvelos, aramed vrceldeboda e. w. skanda-Sorapnis xazamde. ̀ argve-

Tis~ provinciaze iurisdiqcias mcxeTis sakaTalikoso axorcielebda. cno-

bilia, rom jer kidev VI saukuneSi dasavleT saqarTvelosTvis sparseT-

bizantiis omis dros am or saxelmwifos Soris sazRvrad swored `skanda-

Sorapnis~ xazi iTvleboda. am xazis aRmosavleTiT mdebare qveyana `iberi-

ad~ miiCneoda da amitomac sparseTi Tavisad Tvlida, xolo am xazis

dasavleTiT mdebare qveyana lazikas bizantia Tavisad Tvlida.

dasavleT saqarTvelo xSirad davis obieqti iyo rom-sparseTisa da sxva

saxelmwifoTa Sorisac, magram miuxedavad amisa, dasavleT saqarTvelo zogadad

politikurad ganixileboda rogorc nawili iberiis _ qarTlis samefosi,

ara marto qarTul wyaroTa, aramed ucxour wyaroTa da arqeologiuri

monacemebiTac.

erTiani qarTuli eklesia daarsebis dros, IV saukunis dasawyisSi, moicavda

ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed dasavleTsac. wmida ninos mier

daarsebuli eklesiis ena iyo qarTuli ena. laTinur wyaroTa Tanaxmad,

wmida nino swored pontos zRvispireTis ganmanaTlebeli iyo (ise, rogorc

mTeli saqarTvelosi), xolo mose xorenelis Tanaxmad, wmida ninom klar-


jeTidan kaspiis zRvispiramde _ masquTTa qveynamde iqadaga. es wyaroebi

erTmaneTs avseben, amitomac vfiqrobT, rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi IV saukuneSi saeklesio ena iyo qarTuli ena. V saukuneSi

dasavleT saqarTvelo vaxtang gorgaslis samefoSi Sedioda. cxadia, am

drosac dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio ena iyo qarTuli ena. miuxeda-

vad imisa, rom VI saukuneSi dampyrobelTa Soris cxare brZolebi imarTe-

boda dasavleT saqarTvelos xelSi Casagdebad, mainc es teritoria qarTu-

li saxelmwifos Semadgenel nawilad miiCneva, radganac roca dasavleT

saqarTvelos zRvispireTi herakle keisarma uSualod Seiyvana bizantiis

imperiaSi, imdroindelma qarTlis mmarTvelma mefem gamoTqva ukmayofileba da

herakle keisars gaugzavna Txovna erovnuli teritoriebis ukan dabrunebisa.

VII saukuneSi dapyrobil dasavleT saqarTvelos miwebze, rogorc aRniS-

nuli gvqonda, konstantinopolma ganaxorciela saeklesio iurisdiqcia da

daaarsa berZnulenovani saepiskoposoebi.

VII saukunemde arc erT berZnul wyarosa, cnobasa Tu noticiaSi ar

moiZebneba miniSnebac ki imisa, rom VI an IV-V saukuneebSi aRniSnul miwe-

bze berZnuli saepiskoposoebi arsebobda.57 piriqiT, gvaqvs rogorc qarTu-

li, ise somxuri wyaroebi, romlebic amtkiceben, rom dasavleT saqarTvelosa

da mis zRvispireTze V-VI saukuneebSi da VII saukunis dasawyisSic Tavis

iurisdiqcias axorcielebda ara berZnuli, aramed qarTuli eklesia, ker-

Zod, mcxeTis sakaTalikoso. magaliTad, somxur wyaroTa Tanaxmad, VI sauku-

nis bolos kirioni, qarTlis kaTalikosi, imave dros arqiepiskoposi iyo

egrisisa. am somxuri wyaros Tanaxmad, kirionis, qarTlis kaTalikosis iuris-

diqciaSi egrisi (dasavleTi saqarTvelo) Sedioda Zveli wesisamebr. maSas-

adame, qarTlis kaTalikosi wina saukuneSic marTavda dasavleT saqarTve-

los. vaxuStis Tanaxmad ki, dasavleT saqarTvelos vakeze (anu foTsa da

quTaiss Soris arsebul teritoriaze) iurisdiqcias mcxeTis mTavarepisko-

posi axorcielebda daaxloebiT am dros, xolo raWa da Takveri (mTianeTi)

niqozis saepiskoposoSi Sedioda. aqedan Cans, rom marTalia, V-VI sauku-

neebSi SeiZleba dasavleT saqarTveloSi ar arsebobda adgilobrivi qarTu-

li saepiskoposoebi, magram adgilobrivi qristianebi Sediodnen aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos sxva saepiskoposoebSi, anu dasavleT saqarTvelo IV-V sauku-

neebSi Sedioda mcxeTis iurisdiqciaSi da aq saeklesio ena iyo qarTuli ena.

ismis kiTxva _ Tu IV-VI saukuneebSi dasavleT saqarTvelo Sedioda

mcxeTis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi, biWvinTis saepiskoposo, romelic

ukve arsebobda IV saukunis dasawyisSi, Sedioda Tu ara mcxeTis eklesiis

iurisdiqciaSi am dros?

marTalia, IV saukuneSive arsebobda biWvinTis saepiskoposo, magram unda

gaviTvaliswinoT wyaroTa Cveneba, Tu im dros romel qveyanas ewodeboda

qarTli, anu iberia da sad gadioda misi sazRvari.


ZvelTaganve, qarTul wyaroTa Tanaxmad, qarTlis samefo moicavda SavizRvi-

spireTs da misi sazRvari gadioda mdinare egriswyalze. biWvinTa ki mdinare

egriswylis CrdiloeTiT mdebareobda. egriswylis marjvniv mimdebare qvey-

ana afxazeTis samefos Seqmnamde Sedioda ara qarTlis samefoSi, aramed

bizantiis imperiaSi.

ZvelTaganve arsebuli berZnuli saarqiepiskoposo mdebareobda ara qarT-

lis samefos teritoriaze, aramed egriswylis CrdiloeTiT _ bizantiis

teritoriaze.

bizantiisa (romis) da qarTlis sazRvari farnavaz mefidan vidre vax-

tang gorgaslamde gadioda mdinare egriswyalze, rogorc es mravalgzis

aRiniSna, xolo vaxtang gorgasalma kidev ufro CrdiloeTiT gadaswia

Tavisi samefos saxelmwifo sazRvari da mis dros bizantiasa da qarTls

Soris sazRvari daido mdinare klisuraze (soxumTan). am dros biWvinTa

qarTlis samefoSi ar Sedioda.

fasisis samitropoloto Seiqmna mxolod VII saukunis dasawyisSi, imis

Semdeg, rac herakle keisarma zRvispira miwebi CamoaWra qarTlis samefos.

aRsaniSnavia, rom XIX da XX saukunis mecnierebis gavleniani nawili

eWviTa da undoblobiT uyurebda `qarTlis cxovrebis~, sxva istoriuli

qronikebisa da ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ cnobebs imis Taobaze, rom dasavleT

saqarTvelo Sedioda `qarTlis samefos~ SemadgenlobaSi farnavaz mefis

droidanve. ukanasknel dros Catarebulma rogorc arqeologiurma, ise sxva

Ziebebma damajereblad daadastura qarTul wyaroTa siswore.

istoriuli geografiis dargSi momuSave mecnieri d. musxeliSvili ase

msjelobs _ leonti mrovelis, `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ (VII-IX ss.) da jua-

nSeris Tanaxmad, (`qarTlis cxovreba~, I, gv. 177). dasavleTi saqarTvelo

saerTod da kerZod, egrisi qarTlis samefos daarsebisTanave, farnavazis

dros, Sedioda am samefoSi. es mowmobs, rom arsebobda Zveli erovnuli

mtkice tradicia egrisis farnavazis samefoSi Sesvlis Sesaxeb.~58

`III saukuneSi Cvens welTaRricxvamde mosxebis mTeli qveyana (e.i. maT

Soris aWarac) ekuTvnoda swored qarTls (iberias). sxvaTaSoris, amis dam-

amtkiceblad gamodgeba farnavazis Tanamedrovis, Cvens welTaRricxvamde III

saukunis istorikosis megasTenes cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom iberebi cxovroben

`pontos marjvena mxares~... am konteqstSi Zalze sainteresod warmoCndeba

strabonis mowmoba, romelic ZvelqarTul tom svanebze saubrisas ityobineba,

rom `zogierTebi maT iberielebs uwodeben~ (XI, 2, 18,). es mowmoba, rogorc

Cans, daumsaxureblad aris ignorirebuli istorikosTa mier...~59

Zveli istorikosebi (igulisxmeba ucxoeli _ berZeni, romaeli da somexi

istorikosebi) dabejiTebiT werdnen, rom iberebi, anu qarTveli xalxi cxo-

vrobda Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze. mogviano xanis ucxoeli isto-

rikosebi werdnen, rom lazebi arian iberielTa erT-erTi tomi. Zveli


drois qarTveli istorikosebi werdnen, rom farnavazis mier Seqmnili

saxelmwifo iyo mxolod da mxolod qarTvelTa saxelmwifo, radganac

araqarTuli tomebi aleqsandre makedonelma am qveynidan gadaasaxlao.

farnavazis reformis Semdgom mTel saxelmwifoSi mxolod qarTul enaze

SeiZleboda laparaki. es imas niSnavs, rom araqarTvelTa gadasaxleba (Tu

isini arsebobdnen) farnavazis drosac grZeldeboda. farnavazis samefo

swored egrisis daxmarebiTa da meSveobiT Seiqmna. egrisSi Segrovda far-

navazisTvis saWiro jari azonTan omis dros. egrisi farnavazisTvis am

dros iyo moraluri da materialuri sayrdeni. egrisis gareSe, Zvel av-

torTa Tanaxmad, farnavazis samefo warmoudgenelia. isini egrisis mosax-

leobas qarTvelebad miiCnevdnen. uZveles dros qarTvelebad (iberebad)

iTvlebodnen ara marto egriselebi, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos mTeli

mosaxleoba, romelic qarTlis samefoSi Sedioda (anu teritoria, romelic

moicavda samxreTiT aWaras, CrdiloeTiT vidre mdinare egriswylamde, dasav-

leTiT Sav zRvamde, aRmosavleTiT lixis qedamde) qarTvelebi iyvnen _

aseTia saerTod ZvelqarTuli koncefcia.

dasavleT saqarTvelos mTeli mosaxleoba rom qarTvelebisgan Sedgebo-

da, amas strabonis cnobac adasturebs. Tu zogierTi sxva avtori lazebs

iberTa tomad Tvlida, strabonis mowmobiT, svanebic iberebi arian (ix.

zemoT, musxeliSvilis azri).

zogierTebio, _ wers straboni, _ svanebs qarTvelebs uwodebeno. strabo-

nis es cnoba, misive sxva cnobebTan erTad adasturebs Zvel qarTul wyaro-

Ta cnobebs, rom qarTveli erovneba ukve Camoyalibebuli iyo qristemde III

saukuneSi. am wyaroTa Tanaxmad, qarTveli xalxis Camoyalibebis droa babil-

onis mefe nabuqodonosoris epoqa e.i. VI saukune qristemde, roca am mefem

qarTvelTa erTi nawili gadmoasaxla Zveli samSoblodan. am droisTvis,

wyaroTa Tanaxmad, qarTveli xalxi arsebobs da is erTiania.

qarTul wyaroTa mtkiceba erTiani qarTveli xalxis qristemde III sauku-

neSi arsebobis Sesaxeb ar mogveCveneba miuRebel mtkicebad, Tu gavixsenebT,

rom `...somexi xalxis Camoyalibebis bolo etapi Tanxvdeba Zveli welTaR-

ricxvis VI saukuneSi somxeTis saxelmwifos Seqmnas, man urartus saxelmwi-

fos adgili daikava~.60 ̀ sabWoTa enciklopediuri leqsikonis~ Tanaxmad, ̀ pirve-

li aTaswleulis meore naxevarSi ZiriTadad Camoyalibda somexi erovneba~.61

`qarTlis cxovreba~ qarTlossa da haoss Zmebs uwodebs, es imas niSnavs,

rom Zvel qarTvel istorikosTa Tanaxmad, qarTveli da somexi xalxebis

Camoyalibebis dro Tanxvdeba erTmaneTs, anu qarTveli da somexi xalxebis

Camoyalibeba TanaJamieria. somexi xalxis Camoyalibebis saboloo etaps

ukavSireben pirveli somxuri saxelmwifos Seqmnas qristemde VI saukune-

Si. aseve qarTveli xalxis Camoyalibebis xana unda daemTxves erTiani

qarTuli saxelmwifos Seqmnis xanas (qristemde IV-III saukuneebSi).


qristemde III saukuneSi rogorc qarTebs, aseve megrelebsa da svanebs

ewodebodaT qarTvelebi, anu iberebi. qarTebi, egrebi (lazebi) da svanebi

qarTvelebi iyvnen, iberia ki moicavda egrissac da svaneTsac. qarTebis,

egrebisa da svanebis ena iyo qarTuli, Tumca egrebsa da svanebs, aseve

qarTebsac hqondaT TavianTi dialeqtebi.

unda iTqvas isic, rom rogorc qarTuli wyaroebidan Cans, erTiani qarTveli

xalxi Tavidanve ar iyo daSlili tomebad, aramed qarTveli xalxis Cveni

Tanamedrove tomebi, Tavisi enebiTa da dialeqtebiT, SesaZloa Camoyalibda

Sua saukuneebSi. Cans, amas xeli Seuwyo farnavazis mier Seqmnili saxelmwi-

fos daSlam da gauqmebam vaxtang gorgaslis Semdeg. VIII saukuneSi dasav-

leT saqarTvelos damoukidebeli saxelmwifos Seqmnam qarTveli xalxis

diferenciacia kidev ufro gaaRrmava, magram XI saukuneSi saqarTvelos

gaerTianebam qarTveli xalxis konsolidacia gamoiwvia.

rogorc mravalgzis aRvniSneT, ukanaskneli drois istoriografiaSi

gamoTqmulia mosazreba, TiTqosda koncefcia ̀ ...farnavazis mier aRmosavle-

Ti da dasavleTi saqarTvelos gaerTianebis Sesaxeb warmoadgens leonti

mrovelis sakuTar istoriul koncefcias~.62

d. musxeliSvili aRniSnavs, _ saqarTvelos ZvelTaganve erTianobis Sesaxeb

cnoba aqvs ara marto leonti mrovels, aramed `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~

avtors da juanSers.63

`ganvixiloT sakiTxis arsi: ras eyrdnoba politikuri koncefcia, romel-

ic moicavs `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mTel uZveles nawils da gamoxatavs Sua

saukuneebSi miRebul politikur Tvalsazriss imis Sesaxeb, rom dasavleTi

saqarTvelo (egrisi) Tavidanve warmoadgenda qarTlis samefos nawils?.. es

arsebiTi sakiTxia da pasuxis gacema arc Tu ise advilia, rogorc SeiZleba

mogveCvenos, maSin, roca viciT, rom XI saukuneSi saqarTvelo marTlac

gaerTianda erTian monarqiad. saqme is aris, rom VIII saukunis dasawyisidan

da IX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos gaerTianebis impulsebi modioda

yvela mxridan _ aRmosavleTidan, samxreT-dasavleTidan, dasavleTidan,

samxreTidanac ki, magram es moZraoba arasodes ar gamodioda centridan,

qarTlis eTnografiuli provinciidan, rasac Tavisi mizezebi hqonda.

ufro metic, TviT X saukunis dasawyisidan (904 w.) da SesaZlebelia, IX

saukunis 70-iani wlebidanac ki, swored qarTli warmoadgenda dasavlur-

qarTul e.w. `afxazeTis samefos~ erT-erT saerisTavos. politikuri hege-

monoba ara marto X, aramed mTeli XI saukunis ganmavlobaSi, ufro sworad

1122 wlamde, ekuTvnoda dasavleT saqarTvelos, amitomac arc XI saukuneSi,

rogorc araerTxel imeorebs n. i. lomouri, arc adre IX-X saukuneebSi da

arc mogvianebiT XI saukuneSi, araviTari `istoriuli koncepcia~ an `poli-

tikuri ideologia~ an ̀ Teoria~, romlis mixedviTac ̀ saqarTvelo ganixileboda

rogorc erTiani da am erTianobas yovelTvis meTaurobda swored qarTli~,

ar SeiZleboda Camoyalibebuliyo...~64


`g. a. meliqiSvili aRniSnavs, rom ukve adreve aRmosavlur-qarTuli sax-

elmwifoebrivi xelisufleba qarTlis mmarTvelebisa, dasawyisSive vrceldeba

dasavleT saqarTvelozedac. dasavleT saqarTvelos zogierTi nawilebi

(aWara, argveTi) gaxdnen qarTlis samefos provinciebi... amavdroulad qarT-

lis samefos politikuri hegemonia vrceldeboda dasavleT saqarTvelos

centralur zRvispira zolze _ egrisze...~65

`Zalze saintereso faqtebi aRmoCnda arqeologiuri Ziebebis Sedegad

adreantikur kolxeTSi (das. saqarTvelo). axlaxan gamoqveynda arqeolog

g. a. gamyreliZis statia, romelSic Sekrebilia, SeiZleba iTqvas, mTeli

arqeologiuri masala CvenTvis saintereso epoqisa am regionidan... dasav-

leT saqarTvelos arqeologiuri Seswavla gviCvenebs, rom Cvens welTaR-

ricxvamde IV saukunis meore naxevarSi zRvispira zolisa da Sida kolx-

idis materialuri kultura gansxvavebulia. es aixsneba axali kulturuli

nakadiT, romelic iberiidan (qarTlidan) modioda... aranaklebi mniSvneloba

aqvs vanis naqalaqaris gaTxrisas napovn (Cvens welTaRricxvamde II-I ss.

fenaSi) e.w. `armazuli~ damwerlobis fragmentebs, romelic damaxasiaTebe-

li iyo mogvianebiT aRmosavleT saqarTvelosaTvis... IV-III ss. (Cvens wel-

TaRricxvamde) arqeologiuri masala ueWvelad mxars uWers ZvelqarTvel

mematianeTa mowmobebs, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ar gamoricxavs dasavleT saqarTve-

los didi nawilis iberiis samefosadmi mikuTvnebas.66

CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, rom d. musxeliSvilis azriT, dasav-

leTi ara marto farnavazis dros Sedioda qarTlis samefoSi, aramed

vaxtang gorgaslis drosac. aqedan cxadia, rom saeklesio kanonTa Tanaxmad,

dasavleTi saqarTvelo unda Sesuliyo kidec mcxeTis (qarTlis) iurisdiq-

ciaSi da Tu dasavleTi aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTan erTad saeklesio

erTobas qmnida, dasavleT saqarTveloSic saeklesio ena iyo qarTuli ena.

saeklesio kanonTa Tanaxmad, eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvari unda emTxve-

odes saxelmwifo-administraciul sazRvrebs. amitomac V saukuneSi qarTu-

li eklesiis sazRvari aucileblad unda damTxveoda qarTlis samefos

sazRvrebs. mematianeTa Tanaxmad, vaxtang gorgaslis samefos dasavleTi

sazRvari gadioda Sav zRvaze da mdinare klisuraze (soxumTan). amitomac

am dros qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvari dasavleTSi miuyveboda

mdinare klisuras. cnobilia, rom am droisTvis mdinare klisuras Crdil-

oeTiT mdebare miwebze Tavis iurisdiqcias axorcielebda berZnuli saar-

qiepiskoposo, romelic im dros ar emorCileboda mcxeTas, aramed berZnuli

eklesiis nawils warmoadgenda, im mizezis gamo, rom mdinare klisuras

CrdiloeTiT mdebare teritoria ekuTvnoda bizantiis imperias. sazRvari

bizantiasa da saqarTvelos Soris mdinare klisuraze iyo gavlebuli, ami-

tomac am mdinaridan, mTel dasavleT saqarTveloSi da agreTve aRmosav-

leT saqarTveloSi qarTlis samefos mTel teritoriaze saeklesio ena iyo


qarTuli ena _ igulisxmeba vaxtang gorgaslis dro. ara marto dasavleT

saqarTveloSi, aramed vaxtang gorgaslis samefoSi Semaval hereTSi, guga-

reTsa da mesxeTSi saeklesio ena iyo qarTuli ena. rogorc aRniSnuli

gvqonda, dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira nawilSi mxolod VII saukunis

dasawyisSi daarsda berZnuli saepiskoposoebi da amitomac iq dawesda

berZnuli saeklesio ena.

qarTlis samefos damarcxebisa da mefobis gauqmebis Semdeg VI saukuneSi

am yofili samefos periferiebSi somxeTTan siaxlovis gamo sparseTma hereTi,

gugareTi da nawilobriv mesxeTi moaqcia monofizituri (da amis gamo prospar-

suli) somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi. amitomac VI saukunis dasawy-

isidanve hereTSi, gugareTsa da nawilobriv mesxeTSi dainerga somxuri saek-

lesio ena, anu rogorc im drois wyaroebi uwodeben _ `somxurenovneba~.

ara marto V saukuneSi, aramed IV saukuneSi erTiani qarTuli eklesiis

organizaciisa da daarsebisTanave dasavleT saqarTvelo qarTuli eklesi-

is iurisdiqciaSi iyo, radganac Sedioda qarTlis samefoSi da amitomac IV

saukuneSive dasavleT saqarTvelos saklesio ena qarTuli iyo. Tu Cven

verwmunebiT qarTul wyaroebs gorgaslis epoqis aRwerisas, unda verwmunoT

mas wina epoqaTa aRweris drosac. daviT musxeliSvili wers _ `...qarTlis

mefem vaxtang gorgasalma namdvilad gaaerTiana dasavleTi da aRmosavle-

Ti saqarTvelo V saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi da egrisis yofili mmarTveli

Tavis erisTavad aqcia.67 aRsaniSnavia, rom daaxloebiT am epoqis ucxoele-

bi egrisis mmarTvelebs `mefeebs~ ewodebdnen, magram Tu erTmaneTs Seva-

darebT ucxour da qarTul wyaroebs, mivalT daskvnamde, rom ucxoelebi

mefeebs uwodebdnen egrisis erisTavebs, romelnic iberiis mefes emorCile-

bodnen, magram didi uflebebi hqondaT TavianTi qveynis marTvisas, xolo

imis Semdeg, rac VI saukunis dasawyisidanve qarTlis mefoba gauqmda,

egrisis mmarTvelebis Zalaufleba SeuzRudveli darCa da isini namdvil

`mefeebad~ iqcnen drois mcire periodSi VI saukunis 70-ian wlebamde. am

dros qarTlze kvlav gavlena moipova bizantiam sparseTis nacvlad. samag-

ierod, qarTlis mmarTvelma erismTavrebma, romlebic qarTlis mefeTa adg-

ilze isxdnen, kvlav moipoves gavlena dasavleT saqarTveloze. amis gamo

VII saukuneSi dasavleTi saqarTvelo kvlav qarTlis erT-erTi provinciaa

da, cxadia, mTeli dasavleTi saqarTvelo aq berZnuli saepiskoposoebis

Seqmnamde qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSia, amitomac is qarTulenovania.

herakle keisris dapyrobaTa Sedegad samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvi-

spireTi vidre SeierTa bizantiis imperiam da aq berZnuli saepiskoposoebi

daarsda, amitomac aqedan qarTuli ena ganidevna. dasavleT saqarTveloSi

qarTuli ena saeklesio TvalsazrisiT VII saukunis Semdgom karga xans

ixmareboda ̀ argveTSi~ da das. saqarTvelos im miwebze, romlebic berZnul

saepiskoposoebSi ar Sedioda. amis Sesaxeb p. ingoroyva da d. musxeliS-


vili werdnen, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos aRmosavleT nawilSi, romelsac

argveTi ewodeboda, saeklesio ena iyo qarTuli, radganac is meSvide-mecxre

saukuneebSi mcxeTis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda~68 da ...aSot I-is dros Seqm-

nils qarTvelTa samefoSi gaerTianebulia Semdegi teritoriebi... lixis

imieri qarTli (vidre skandes xazamde)...69

unda davaskvnaT, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio ena IV saukuni-

danve iyo qarTuli ena, VII saukuneSi am qveynis erT nawilSi saeklesio

qarTuli enis magivrad dainerga berZnuli ena, magram meore nawilSi ar

momxdara cvlilebebi da iq kvlavindeburad qarTuli iyo saeklesio ena. VIII

saukuneSive daiwyo (afxazeTis samefos daarsebis Semdeg) da TiTqmis IX-X

saukuneebamde gagrZelda procesi dasavleT saqarTvelos berZnuli saepisko-

posoebis Secvlisa qarTuli saepiskoposoebiT, amis Semdeg mTlian dasavleT

saqarTveloSi erTaderT saeklesio enad kvlavindeburad aRdga qarTuli ena.

arsen safarelis Txzuleba `ganyofisaTYYYYYsqarTvelTa da somexTa~

qarTuli eklesiis VI da VII saukuneebis istoria gadmocemulia Txzule-

baSi, romelsac ewodeba `ganyofisaTYs qarTvelTa da somexTa~. avtoroba

miewereba arseni mcxeTel kaTalikozs. teqsti kritikulad daadgina z. aleq-

siZem, romlis gamokvleviTa da komentarebiT visargeblebT am Txzulebis

axali qarTuliT gadmocemis dros. teqsti muxlebad dayo gamomcemelma.

Cans, teqstis I da II muxli Semdegi drois danamatia, anda ekuTvnis TviT

arseni safarels, romelmac, Tavis mxriv, gamoiyena anonimi VII saukunis

istorikosis Txzuleba. aseTi varaudis gamoTqmis uflebas iZleva teqstis

analizi. es Txzuleba furclebaSlili Cavardnia xelT gviani Sua sauku-

neebis redaqtors, romelsac arasworad dauwyvia furclebi.

teqsti unda iwyebodes III muxlis winadadebiT _ ̀ ganyofaOsomexTa qarTlis-

agan ueWuelad aRvwere wignsa amas Sina~.70 aq yuradReba unda mieqces

avtoris ideologiur pozicias _ ara qarTli da qarTvelebi ganSordnen

somxebs, aramed piriqiT, somxebi ganSordnen qarTls _ marTlmadideblobas.

qarTli marTlmadidebeli iyo da iseTive darCa, rwmena ar Seucvlia, xolo

somxebi ganSordnen mas, ese igi aramarTlmadideblebi gaxdnen.

Txzulebis Sinaarsi aseTia:

III muxliIII muxliIII muxliIII muxliIII muxli _ avtori iZleva saTaurs da iwyebs: saberZneTis imperatoris

arkadi keisris (395-408) dros somxeTi am imperiaSi Sedioda, rjulic

berZnuli hqonda. somxebi sparsTa Tavdasxmis mudmiv muqaras ganicdidnen,

maT berZnebi eSvelebodnen laSqriT da saerTod icavdnen somxeTs. Semdgom

sparseTma somxeTi daipyro. somxebi aiyarnen samSoblodan da ltolvilebi

maxloblad cxovrobdnen. evedrebodnen arkadi keisars, raTa mieca maTTvis


samxedro Zala TavianTi qveynis sparsTagan gasaTavisufleblad. keisarma

ar Seismina maTi vedreba. maSin gamoZebnes Rone somxebma, SeuTanxmdnen

sparseTs, rom misi moxarke gaxdebodnen. daarwmunes sparsTa mefe didi

ficiT da TavgamodebiT, rom kavSirs gawyvetdnen berZnebTan da SeuerTde-

bodnen maT. Zlier gaixara sparsTa mefem da somxebs somxeTi daubruna

saCuqrebTan erTad. ramdenime xans somxebi mSvidobiT cxovrobdnen marTa-

li sarwmunoebiT, anu berZnuli rjuliT.

IV muxlis I abzaciIV muxlis I abzaciIV muxlis I abzaciIV muxlis I abzaciIV muxlis I abzaci _ amis Semdeg nestorianebma didZali oqrosa da

qrTamis micemiT sTxoves sparsTa mefes, raTa maTTvis mieca neba somxeTi

moeqciaT nestorianul rjulze. gandrikes mefis guli da daarwmunes, rom

raJams ipovnian somxebi saberZneTTan erTobis saSualebas, ar moeridebian

Sendami micemul fics, arc Tavgamodebas siyvarulisaTvis da berZnebi da

somxebi SeerTebuli ZaliT usiamovnebas mogayeneben. amitomac Seucvale

somxebs rjuli, amiT berZnebsa da somxebs Soris saukunod siyvaruls

mospob. amis Semdeg peroz sparsTa mefem (457-484) aiZula somxebi mieRoT

nestorianoba, magram somxebma uaryves mefis es ganzraxva, ganucxades mefis

mociquls _ Cven Cveni sarwmunoeba gvirCevnia ara marto Cvens qveyanas,

aramed Cvens Tavsa da Svilebs.

XI muxliXI muxliXI muxliXI muxliXI muxli _ amis Semdeg gavida xani. mokvda vahan mamkueni (505 w.),

romelic Tavisi mxneobis gamo sparselebs marzpanad hyavdaT daniSnuli.

is eZiebda qristianul samarTals. mis Semdeg erovnebiT sparselebma mi-

iRes marzpanoba. maT Seuracxhyves saqristiano wesi da eklesiaTa gangeba

moispo. somex aznaurTa xelisufleba daeca marzpanis mier da kaTalikose-

bi da episkoposebi ganidriknen simarTlisagan. maT sparselebisgan miiRes

ufleba winaRdgomodnen aznaurTa xelisuflebas. ufleba miecaT mosaxleo-

bisgan TviTve moekribaT xarki da gadaexadaT sparselebisTvis, radganac

episkoposebsa da qorepiskoposebs miandves somxeTi, rogorc sparsTa mefo-

bis morCilebs. zogierTma kaTalikosma da episkoposma sparseTis mefeebi

iSviles da TavianTi Zeebi uwodes kavad (488-531) da xosro (531-579)

mefeebs. amiT imas miaRwies, rom samTavro msajuleba TviT miitaces da

kanonis samarTlisamebr ar iqceodnen. eklesiis sakuTreba miiTvises da

flangavdnen eriskacTa saCveneblad. sparsTa uRmerTo mefis saTnoebisaTvis

somexi episkoposebi da monasterTa mamasaxlisebi RvTis gansarisxebel

amao fufunebaze fiqrobdnen. da mere aznaurni da erisaganni maTi mibaZviT

ganSordnen yovelgvar kanonebs, wmida nersesa da wmida sahakis mier gan-

wesebulT. dairRva yoveli sulieri sikeTis Cveuleba da wesi. borotebam

daimkvidra dRevandel dRemde. somxuri saepiskoposoebi gadaiqcnen qedis-

mosaxrel adgilad. mividodnen xolme aznaurebi saepiskoposo karze da

maT episkoposebi ar iRebdnen. Sercxvenilni ukanve brundebodnen, rogora-

dac marzpanis karidan. es didi Seuracxyofa mouTmeneli iyo.


IV muxlis darCenili abzacebiIV muxlis darCenili abzacebiIV muxlis darCenili abzacebiIV muxlis darCenili abzacebiIV muxlis darCenili abzacebi _ sparsTa mefem raRac manqanebiT

Seicvala Tavisi Sexeduleba somexTa sarwmunoebis mimarT (igulisxmeba

xosro I) da ganucxada somxebs, ganyofodnen, ganSorebodnen berZnul sarw-

munoebas (e. i. marTalia, somexi samRvdeloeba arasworad iqceoda, magram

somxebis sarwmunoeba kvlav berZnuli iyo). mefem miuvlina maT mociquli da

ganucxada: `erTi orTagan gamoirCieT _ an miiReT asurelTa sarwmunoeba,

melqitebis garda _ romelTac berZnuli sarwmunoeba aqvT, anda datoveT

Tqveni qveyana da datoveT sparseTis imperiis sazRvrebio. somxebi Zlier

Sewuxdnen, maT arc sarwmunoebis Secvla surdaT da arc qveynis datoveba.

Seiqmna didi fiqri da bWoba maT Soris sakmao xnis manZilze. mere am saqmis

gadawyveta miandes nerse kaTalikoss (548-557), romelsac mijini erqva.

nerse II-m daamona suli xorcs, ar Seismina saxarebis xma _ Tu mTel

qveyanas SeiZen da suls moiklav, ras miiReb mis sanacvlod? aramed piru-

tyvulad izraxa da Tqva _ umjobesia Cveni sikvdili, vidre amJamad berZen-

Tadmi mibruneba, qveynidan meored ayra-gadasaxleba da Cveni amowyveta

siRaribeSio.

somxebma mwuxarebiT amcnes sparsTa mefes, rom miiRebdnen iakobitTa

sjuls (monofizitur rwmenas, romelic ufro axlos idga berZnulTan,

vidre sxva seqtebi). dawerilia: mcire codva aRorZindeba da didad iqceva.

mefe dakmayofilda da miuvlina somxebs cxra iakobiti boroti moZRvari,

cbieri melebis msgavsni. maT ganryvnes somxeTi, namoRvawevi wmida grigol-

is cremliT da SromiT.

da yves kreba qalaq dvinSi, miiRes xaCecari da gandgnen marTali (berZnuli)

da WeSmariti sarwmunoebisgan. amis gamo isini mowyvetil iqnen wmida

didebul kaTolike da samociqulo msoflio eklesiisgan. iqve dvins ga-

naweses arajori, da Tqves _ es aris pirveli dRe Cveni sarwmunoebisao

(somxuri welTaRricxva iwyeba dvinis am krebiT 551 wels). boroti borots

daumates, ar eziarnen qalkedonis krebas da RvTis pirisgan gavardnen.

VII muxlis bolo abzaciVII muxlis bolo abzaciVII muxlis bolo abzaciVII muxlis bolo abzaciVII muxlis bolo abzaci _ mravali sikeTe aRuTqva xosro II-m nerse II

kaTalikoss, romelsac Sua (somxurad mijini) ewoda. amiT misi guli Seary-

ia, moiwvia dvinis pirveli kreba da somxeTi ganSorda berZnul sjulsa da

ierusalims. amis gamo yoveli qarTli da somxeTis meoTxedi ganeyenen

somexTagan mRvdlobis xeldasxmas, xolo herni da sivnielni erT periodSi

ganSordnen da Semdeg kvlav Seerivnen.

IX muxliIX muxliIX muxliIX muxliIX muxli _ somxeTSi mravali mwvalebloba gavrcelda: sabelianosTa,

iakobitTa da timoTe kvernisa, romelic maniqevelTa seniT iyo Sepyrobili.

amaT mkvdari ivliane halikarnaseli episkoposis xeli daidves da am gziT

axali episkoposi akurTxes, radganac ori episkoposi hyavdaT, xolo mamebs

naTqvami aqvT – sami episkoposis mier aris saWiro axali episkoposis

kurTxeva da sanam ivlianes damarxavdnen, aiRes misi xeli, daades erT


maTgans, romlis kurTxevasac apirebdnen, ris gamoc dRemde ̀ xel-namkvdrev-

ni~ ewodebaT. ase dRiTidRe Seuracx-iqmnebodnen da ar hqondaT adgili,

sadac SeeZloT episkoposis kurTxeva. gaisma mTel somxeTSi, rom gandgnen

wmida grigolis sarwmunoebisgan, rom somexi ierarqebis xeldasxma aRar

xdeboda kesariaSi, rogorc misgan hqondaT naswavli. miuvlines ... sparsTa

mier dadgenil taronis episkopos nerSaps da mis or moyvass da ganucxa-

des: mTeli qveyana Seicvala da erTbaSad miiRes nestorianoba da qalke-

donitoba, Cvenc aRar vekurTxebiT maTTan, amitomac aRara gvaqvs saydari,

sadac xeldasxma SegveZleba. mogmarTeT, raTa Sen dagvidgino episkoposebi.

sinamdvileSi ki mwvaleblebi iyvnen, rameTu sparsTa mefeni aiZulebdnen

somxebs, berZnul sarwmunoebas ganSorebodnen, rogorc ukve vaxseneT, raTa

sjulis ganSorebiT maT Soris siZulvili Camovardniliyo da amiT umete-

sad damorCilebodnen sparseTis samefos, da agreTve didZali qrTami aRuTqves

somexTa winamZRvrebs, raTa ase eqmnaT. taronis episkoposma nerSapom auwya

nerse II kaTalikozs, petre qerdols, sxva episkoposebsa da aznaurebs da

brZanes meore didi krebis Catareba dvinSi _ meore wels (553-54 wlebSi).

am krebaze SeaCvenes qalkedonis kreba, uwodes nestorianuli, miiRes erT-

bunebianoba da xorciTa da ukvdavi bunebiT qriste jvarcmulad iqadages.

gansazRvres SeCvenebiT gandgoma marTali sarwmunoebisgan. zemoxsenebuli

moZRvrebi asureTSi gagzavnes am ambis saxareblad, rom maT ukve erTobiT

epyraT erTnairi wvaleba da Tavis mitropolitad daidgines xelnamkv-

drevi halikarnaseli mitropoliti, zogi ki abdiSo asurs ekerZoeboda.

muxli VIIImuxli VIIImuxli VIIImuxli VIIImuxli VIII _ amis Semdgom sxva kreba moiwvia manaskertSi somexTa

kaTalikosma ioanem (gabeleneli 557-574), man wmida saidumlos ganaSora

wylis darTva da puris afueba. daamtkica balarji da urwyoA, rac ar

uswavlebia wmida mamaTa I krebas, win aRudga saRrmTo werils, romelsac

ityvis wmida mociquli: samni arian, romelnic wameben: suli, sisxli da

wyali. rameTu wyliT naTelviRebT erTgzis saukuno cxovrebisaTvis. wylis

Sereva moaswavebs qristes or bunebas _ RvTaebrivs da kacobrivs. amito-

mac saWiroa ganzaveba Rvinisa, ase ganmartavs aTanase fsalmuns. aTanase

kvipreli aseve gvaswavlis da ityvis _ Sen xar mRvdel ukunisamde wessa

mas zeda melqizedekisasa, rameTu melqizedek pursa da Rvinosa Seswirvida

da ara aufuebel namcxvars da wyalgaurevel Rvinos, amiT vicnobT mRvd-

lobis saxes. wmida basili ityvis _ aRiRo puri da amaRlebuli mogiypro

Sen, RmerTsa mamasa, akurTxa, gantexa da misca mowafeTa. agreTve sasmeli,

Rvino venaxisa aiRo, ganazava da misca kurTxeuli Tavis mowafeebs.

muxli XIImuxli XIImuxli XIImuxli XIImuxli XII _ vardan mamkuenma, romelsac ewoda Coqxi (urCi) da misma

naTesavebma mokles sparsi marzpani sureni da misi saxlebi cecxliT

dawves (daaxloebiT 572 w.). saxleuliT ltolvilni gaiqcnen konstanti-

nopols. kargad miiRo iustiniane mefem, xolo es somxebi masTan erTad ar


eziarnen. Zlier gaukvirda mefes da ikiTxa mizezi. maT uTxres: Cvenma

moZRvrebma ar Seiwynares qalkedonis kreba. amis gamgone mefem brZana

mowveva somxeTis moZRvrebisa da episkoposebisa, raTa gamoikiTxon da mar-

Tali cnon. Catarda didi kreba konstantinopolSi, gamowvlilviT gamoi-

Zies da gamarTlda marTali sarwmunoeba. yvelam aRiara qalkedonis kreba.

mTelma somxeTma dawyevla da SeaCvena misi damgmobeli da SeuerTdnen

berZnebs. iTxoves mefisgan sofiis taZris dasavleTis karebis aSeneba. misca

mefem neba. aaSenes da somxeTis kari uwodes. dabrundnen somxeTSi. zogierT-

ma gulmodgined Seiwynara qalkedonitoba, sxvebma ki, rogorc gvelebma, ufro

metad aRZres eri, aRaSfoTes mairagomelis gadabirebiT. es iqmna ioane

kaTalikosis dros (an ioane gabeleneli, an ioane kogoviteli (590-611).

XIII muxliXIII muxliXIII muxliXIII muxliXIII muxli _ amis Semdeg mavrike keisarma (582-602) gagzavna muSel

mamkueni, somxeTis didi zoravari, da misca somxeTi xosros. xolo xosrom

dvinis CaTvliT yovelive keisars daumorCila da iqmna maT Soris mSvido-

ba. misca muSels didZali saboZvari da gagzavna konstantinopolSi. kon-

stantinopolSi misvlisas daemTxva jvris apyrobis dResaswauli da muSe-

li ar eziara berZnebTan erTad. da arc sxva somxebi. gamoikiTxa mefem da

auwyes mizezi _ qalkedonis krebasa da qristes or bunebas ar vcnobTo.

mefem Tqva: Senze win vardanma da misma aznaurebma Seiwynares qalkedonis

kreba Tqveni moZRvrebis xeliT. xolo muSelma upasuxa: nu inebebT, rom Cven

qalkedonitoba SeviwynaroT Cveni umecrebiT anda Tqvendami SiSis gamo,

umjobesia, brZanoT da WeSmariteba Cveni moZRvrebisgan moisminoT. ubrZana

berZenTa mefem somxeTis kaTalikos moses elivardels (574-604) da mis

episkoposebs, raTa misuliyvnen konstantinopolSi da kvlav gamowvlilviT

gamoeZiaT sarwmunoebrivi simarTle, marTali ki daemtkicebinaT. xolo mose

kaTalikosi ar daemorCila da ar wavida, aramed uTxra berZenTa mo-

ciqulebs: ar gadaval mdinare azatze, romelic sazRvaria sparsTa da

berZenTa Soris, ar SevWam berZenTa furnids da ar Sevsvam berZenTa Ter-

mons (furnids afuebul purs ewodebda, Termons wyliT gazavebul Rvinos),

aseve upasuxes vaspuraganis episkoposebmac, romelnic sparsTa saxelmwi-

fos emorCilebodnen. arc maT inebes wasvla. xolo taros episkoposi da

sxva berZenTa morCili somexi episkoposebi saswrafod Cavidnen konstanti-

nopolSi. kvlav gamoiZies da meored daamtkices qalkedonis krebis sis-

wore mavrik mefis winaSe. yvelam erTobiT aRiara qristes WeSmariti ori

buneba. daweres fici berZnebTan erTobis Sesaxeb da wamovidnen. roca

somxeTSi movidnen, maTi sarwmunoeba ar Seiwynara mose kaTalikosma da

misma sxva episkoposebma, romelnic sparsTa mier dapyrobil nawilSi cx-

ovrobdnen da gaiyo somxeTi sarwmunoebrivad. qalkedonitebma daidgines

kaTalikosad ioane kogoviteli (590-611).


V muxliV muxliV muxliV muxliV muxli _ qarTvelma kaTalikosma kirion mcxeTelma da herTa kaTali-

kosma abazma ixiles, rom somxuri eklesia kvlav dvinis im krebis erTgu-

lia, romelic abdiSo asuris xeliT Caatares da romelmac wmida msoflio

sayovelTao kaTolike eklesias Camoacila somxuri eklesia. am krebam

somxuri eklesia Camoacila oTx msoflio sapatriarqos, amiT ki dairRva

wmida grigol ganmanaTleblis anderZi kesariis eklesiisadmi, rom somxuri

eklesia ukunisamde ar ganSordeboda kesariis eklesiaSi somexi episko-

posebis xeldasxmas (somxeTi ki kesariis eklesiaSi xeldasxmas ganSorda

imis gamo, rom sparsTa mefisgan miiRo brZaneba, TviT somxeTSive xeli

daesxaT episkoposebisaTvis). roca aseTi praqtika kvlav aRorZinebuli

ixiles kirion kaTalikosma (591-615), herTa kaTalikosma abazma (552-596) da

sivnieTis episkoposma grigorma, Seiqna didi dava somxeTsa da qarTls

Soris. qarTvelni ambobdnen, rom wmida grigolma saberZneTidan mogvca

Cven sarwmunoeba, romelic Tqven dauteveT, misi wmida anderZi uaryaviT da

abdiSo asurs da sxva borot mwvaleblebs daemorCileniT. am mxilebis

Semdeg somxebma qarTli daabezRes sparsTa mefesTan, rom qarTvelebs rom-

saberZneTis sarwmunoeba aqvTo. aseTive dava iyo qarTvelTa da somexTa

Soris nerse II-is drosac. aseve iyo mis sakaTalikoso taxtze mjdom

abraamis drosac. am dros gandevna qarTlis kaTalikosma kirionma mose

curtavis episkoposi Tavisi eparqiidan, romelic wmida SuSanikis saflavze

iyo. Txova abraamma kirions es eparqia, xolo man ar misca. da gadidda maT

Soris ciloba. mouxmo abraamma araratis provinciis samRvdeloebas da

uTxra maT: an SeaCveneT qalkedonis kreba, an gadiT Cveni samkvidrebelidan.

zogierTi daemorCila da SeaCvenes wmida kreba, zogierTi ki ar daemorCi-

la da ganidevnen.

VI muxliVI muxliVI muxliVI muxliVI muxli _ abraamis Semdgom dajda kaTalikosad komitasi (607-629),

romelic Zalze mdidari iyo, Sesamoslis moyvare, bivrilis patiosani Tv-

lebiT amkobda kverTxis Tavebs. es ufro metad moZule iyo qalkedonis

krebisa. misca Svidi saepiskoposo herTa kaTalikoss da SeierTa is. misca

jvris tarebis pativi sivnieTis episkoposs. aseTi xerxiT mTeli somxeTi

gaaerTiana qalkedonis krebis sawinaaRmdegod. gamoZebna vinme dawyevlili

ioane mairagomeli, aRWurva qalkedonianobis sawinaaRmdego wignebiT da

aRuTqva mis Semdeg sakaTalikoso taxti. aTargmnina monofizit da sxva

mwvalebel eresiarqTa wignebi, gaavrcela da am tyuiliT mTeli somxeTis

qveyana daajera. Secvala Tavdapirveli saeklesio wesebi da kanonebi, Tvi-

Ton ki axali mrudeni SemoiRo. am dros aiSala Zveli da axali ki ver

daamtkices (ar dainerga). amis gamo dRemde yoveli kaci somxeTSi Tavis

mier Seqmnil-gamogonebul saeklesio kanonebs iyenebs. yvelaferi es komi-

tas kaTalikosma gancofebuli ioane mairagomelis xeliT gaakeTa. Semdeg

sakaTalikoso taxtze qristefore dajda (628-630), romelic mairagomelis


mteri iyo. gamwarda suliT ioane, Semdeg ki gaixara, radganac kaTalikosi

gadaayenes, magram mas mainc ar misces sakaTalikoso taxti. kaTalikosad

ezra (630-641) dajda. ufro Sewuxda mairagomelis mzakvari suli. aseTi

mzakvareba pirvelad moxsenebuli komitasis gamo moxda, Sedegad mairago-

melis wvalebis swavlebiT aivso mTeli somxeTi.

VII muxliVII muxliVII muxliVII muxliVII muxli _ am dros ukve aRsrulda wmida grigoris Cveneba, romelic

mas suliwmidam auwya, rom cxvrebi mglebad iqcevian da sxva cxvrebs

Seuteven, uwyalod dakbenen. aseve aRsrulda wmida sahakis Cveneba, romel-

mac ixila oqros birTvi da inafori wmida sakurTxevelze, radganac ar-

SakianTa mefobis gauqmebisas wmida grigoris naTesaobis mRvdelmTavrobac

Sewyda. Sewyda qartaSi oqrowerili xelnaweri, Semdeg ki oqrowerilis

adgili sicarielem daiWira. (es imas niSnavs, rom mairagomelis moZRvrebas

gahyvnen zogierTni).

XIV muxliXIV muxliXIV muxliXIV muxliXIV muxli _ roca pirvelmoxsenebulma abraam kaTalikosma araratidan

gandevna samRvdeloeba. ioane kaTolike wmidis mamasaxlisi, aseve oSaknis,

elivardis, aramunTas, garnisis, yoveli monastrisa da mTeli araratisa

mZlavrobiT, zogierTni ki aiZula SeeCvenebinaT wmida kreba qalkedonisa.

sami wlis Semdeg basianSi omi moxda, romelSic berZnebi sparselebTan

damarcxdnen, daiWires qalaqi krTiji haStenisa da meoTxe wels karnu

qalaqi foka uRmerTo keisrisa, romelmac mokla mavrike mefis Zeni, max-

viliT aaCexina asparezze. amave wels ahmadma aiRo karnu qalaqi, daatyveva

ioane qalkedoniti kaTalikosi berZnuli somxeTisa. amave wels gandevna

mose kaTalikosma ioane kaTalikosis qalkedoniti samRvdeloeba, zogierTi

taoSi wavida, zogi ki saberZneTSi.

XV muxliXV muxliXV muxliXV muxliXV muxli _ gavida xani. movida herakle keisari (610-640) somxeTSi da

ixila somexTa wvaleba, friad Sewuxda maTi warwymedis gamo. brZana didi

krebis mowveva mTeli somxeTis episkoposebisa da moZRvrebisa. miswera

wigni ezra kaTalikoss da aznaurebs, raTa karnu qalaqSi Seikribon da

gamoiZion qalkedonis kreba, raTa cnon somxebma qristes ori buneba. mivid-

nen erTobiT mefesTan. gamowvlilviT gamoiZies mravali ZiebiT da marTali

daamtkices. aRiares am krebaze qalkedonitoba ukve mesamed (632 w.). daemor-

Cilnen somxebi ficiTa da xelweriliT, da rogorc ki ukan dabrundnen

dvinSi, maSinve imave warsawymedeli vnebisken miiqcnen, rameTu maTi moZRvre-

bis adgili iq iyo, iq kvlav garyvnes marTali. xolo igive mairagomeli

aRZravda mwvalebel berebsa da gardmanis episkoposs stefanes, aseve sivniel

qerdol maTusalas da sxva samRvdeloebas, romelic am krebas ar eswre-

bodnen, raTa isini ar ziarebuliyvnen ezra kaTalikosisgan. agulianebda

masTan SeerTebulebsac. ramdenime xnis Semdeg mividnen stefane episkoposi

da maTusala ezra kaTalikosTan da eziarnen masTan. rogorc ki gaigo

borotma mairagomelma berma, rom isini SeuerTdnen ezras da maTusala


ikurTxa sivnis episkoposad, maSinve didi SeuracxyofiT dauwyo gineba

stefanes da maTusala qerdols sivniels. es rom gaigo ezram, mouxmo am

borot bers da yvelas winaSe uTxra: `samjer gixme Sen, aseve samjer vuxme

stefanesa da maTusalas, radganac qveynis moZRvrebi da mcodneni Tqven

xarT, rom mosuliyaviT mefis winaSe da masTan geTqvaT sityva, Tqven ki ar

moxvediT. axla ki Cven gadawyvetilebas kadnierad win aRudgebi. Cven

WeSmaritebiT gamoviZieT wignebisa da moZRvarTagan, marTali SeviwynareT:

ori buneba uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi _ sruli RmrTeebiTa da sruli

kacebiTa, erTi gvami da erTi xati ganuyofeli gangebulebiTa. amasve emow-

mebodnen pirvel mamaTa wignebi, romlebic amovikiTxeT, Cven maT brZanebas

davemorCileT. keTili SeviwynareT. es wignebi aqve gvaqvs, gadavSaloT da

WeSmariti viswavloT~. da rogorc ki piri dauxSo wignebis damowmebiT,

aRmoiboyina simyrale, boroti wvalebis msgavsi, da Tqva _ ar Seviwynareb am

wignebs, radganac eseni nestorianelebma daumates wmida wignebs. mairago-

melma aRZra mravali adamiani Tavisi wvalebis swavliT, gaiCina mravali

mimdevari da mowafe. eseni erTmaneTs aswavlidnen. mimdevrebi mairevnels

uwodebdnen mas, Tavisi soflis saxelis mixedviT. Semdeg is wavida saberZ-

neTs, iswavla cotaodeni ena, rom am codniT kidev ufro mravali somexi

daerwmunebina, dabrunda somxeTSive. kidev ufro uaresi mwvalebeli gaxda.

eltvoda, rom ezras Semdeg is asuliyo sakaTalikoso taxtze did-didi

kacebis SewevniTa da mwvalebelTa nebiT, iqadoda maTTan, rom am taxtze

asvlisas win aRudgeboda qalkedonis krebas.

XVI muxliXVI muxliXVI muxliXVI muxliXVI muxli _ ezras Semdgom sakaTalikoso taxtze RvTis nebiT avida

nerse iSxneli, kaci Rirsi da marTlmorwmune. amiT srulebiT sasowarikve-

Ta berma ioane mzakvarma mairagomelma, ufro ki imitom, rom ixila nerse

(641-661) konstantine mciresTan erTad maziarebeli saberZneTSi. ar dacxra

winaaRdgomisgan, ezras msgavsad Secda. nersem mouxmo episkoposebs, moZRvrebsa

da aznaurebs, gamoiZies da daadgines mairagomelis gaZeveba, rogorc mac-

durisa. gaaZeva is wmida nerse kaTalikosma risxviT, aseve Teodore rStun-

Ta ufalma, somxeTis erisTavma. dadaRes Sublze gaxurebuli meliis gamo-

saxulebiani spilenZiT, niSnad misi wvalebisa, or berTan erTad. wavida

devnili kavkasiis mTianeTSi, iqidan saswrafod ukanve dabrunda, rameTu

mTielma kacebma ar miiRes, radganac isini kerpTmsaxurebi iyvnen. gadmovi-

da kambeCanSi da daemkvidra mcire xevSi, romelsac somxiTis xevi hqvia.

mravalni daimowafa, ara marto iq, aramed mtkvris aqeTac, araratSi, gard-

manSi, Zorforsa da somxeTSi. mravali aRkveca berad Tavis uweso moZRvre-

biT da aavso qveyana mwvaleblobis RvarZliT.

XVII muxliXVII muxliXVII muxliXVII muxliXVII muxli _ nerse kaTalikosis sikvdilis Semdeg mivida araratSi

ioane mairagomeli damowafebuli berebiT anastas kaTalikosis (661-667)

dros. anastasis sikvdilis Semdeg mxecis msgavsad Sevida somxeTSi, Tavis


Tavdapirvel samyofelSi, bijnis da mairevans, mwvaleblebiTa da winaaRmde-

gobiT aRsavse da iq mokvda dauZlurebuli boroti ZaRli 133 wlisa,

somxeTis gamxrwneli. misi mowafeebi siberiT mokvdnen mairevans, elivard-

sa da Teodore-wmidas erTdroulad. da mere israel kaTalikosis (667-677)

da grigol erisTavis mier (maTi mimdevrebi) gaifantnen mTel somxeTSi

aqa-iq, qalaqebsa da soflebSi, yoveli kacis sacduneblad dRemde da aqam-

de. aseTia Sinaarsi arseni safarelis Txzulebisa, ufro sworad, es aris

TiTqmis sityva-sityviT gadmoRebuli mTeli teqsti. Tavdapirvel avtors

teqsti qronologiurad unda hqonoda dawyobili. Semdeg xelnaweris fur-

clebi aSlila da arasworad dauwyviaT. amitomac, vfiqrobT, teqsti ise

unda iyos gadmocemuli, rogorc moyvanilia zemoT. es Txzuleba unda

daiwyos ase: _ III muxli, _ IV muxlis bolo abzaci, X muxli, _ XI muxli, _

IV muxlis darCenili abzacebi, _ VII muxlis bolo abzaci, _ IX muxli, _

VIII muxli, _ XII muxli, _ XIII muxli, _ V muxli, _ VI muxli, _ VII muxli,

_ XIV muxli, _ XV muxli, _ XVI muxli, _ XVII muxli.

monofizitobis xangrZlivobis SesaxebsaqarTveloSi

ramden xans gagrZelda monofizitoba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, anda

iyo Tu ara qarTuli eklesia odesme monofizituri? am sakiTxis Sesaxeb

arsebobs ramdenime Tvalsazrisi: Zvel qarTvel saeklesio moRvaweTa mtki-

cebiT qarTuli eklesia arasodes monofizituri ar yofila, Tumca, am mima-

rTulebas masze uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba mouxdenia (pirvelTargmnili wmida

werili Seryvnila). Tanamedrove istoriografiis monacemebiT, 506 wlidan

karga xans qarTuli eklesia monofizituri yofila. somex saeklesio moR-

vaweTa mtkicebiT ki, qarTli monofizituri yofila 607/9 wlamde, kirionamde.

`506 wlis dvinis saeklesio krebis Semdeg, qarTlis oficialuri saekle-

sio sarwmunoeba sxva qveynebis msgavsad, karga xans monofizituri iyo... 571

wlis ajanyebam, ueWvelia, imave dros antimonofizituri saxec miiRo. amis

mowmobaa is cnoba, rom ukve 574 wels qarTvelebsa da albanelebs uari

uTqvamT qalkedonitebis winaaRmdeg brZolaze... VI s-is 90-ian wlebSi ki

monofizitebi aq sabolood damarcxebulan~.71

`...rogorc ki sparselebis gavlenam Sesusteba iwyo, maSinve Tavi wamoyves

qalkedonitebma. maT ukve 574 wels, gurgenis ajanyebisTanave, Zala hqoniaT

mopovebuli qarTlSi. me-6 saukunis damlevisaTvis ki monofizitebi aq

sabolood damarcxebulni iyvnen~.72 zemomoyvanili amonawerebidan Cans, rom

Tanamedrove istorikosebis TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli saeklesio sarwmunoeba

506 wlidan vidre 574 wlamde, daaxloebiT 68 wlis manZilze, monofiz-

ituri yofila.


monofizitoba SeiZleba pirobiTad or periodad gavyoT: periodi, roca

monofizitoba ase Tu ise miRebuli da zogjer gabatonebulic iyo saberZ-

neTSi, meore periodSi monofizitoba idevneboda saberZneTSi, samagierod

somxeTsa da aRmosavleTSi is gabatonebul sarwmunoebad iqca.

diofizituri sarwmunoebis simbolo SeimuSava IV msoflio krebam qalke-

donSi, 451 wels. am krebamde monofizitebi da diofizitebi erT eklesias

warmoadgendnen, saeklesio erTobas qmnidnen, xolo amis Semdeg ̀ sabolood

gaemijnen erTmaneTs~.

451 wlis krebas saberZneTSi (`rom-ionTa~ imperiaSi) gaumwvavebia sarwmu-

noebrivi urTierToba, amitomac imperatori zenoni iZulebuli gamxdara

gamoeca monofizitTa da diofizitTa erTianobis aqti da amiT moerigebina

isini. `bizantiis keisarma zenonma (474-491) 482 wels gamosca erTianobis

aqti, romelsac henotikons uwodebdnen. henotikoni cdilobda monofizite-

bisa da diofizitebis morigebas da gaurboda iseT gamoTqmebs, rogoricaa

èrTi buneba~ an òri buneba~.73

qarTuli istoriografiis Tanaxmad, rogorc zemoT naCvenebi iyo, ̀ 506 w-s

dvinis saeklesio krebis Semdeg, qarTlis oficialuri saeklesio sarwmu-

noeba... monofizituri iyo...~, magram 506 wels mowveul krebas miuRia zenon-

is henotikoni. zenonis henotikoni ki, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, qalkedonis

krebas ki ar uaryofda, piriqiT, is mimarTuli iyo qalkedonitTa da monofizit-

Ta morigebisken.

`...dvinis 506 wlis saerTo kavkasiur krebaze qarTlisa da albaneTis

eklesiebTan erTad somxurma eklesiam miiRo zenonis henotikoni da gada-

WriT dagmo nestorianeloba~.74 ase rom, 506 wlis kreba mimarTuli yofila

ara qalkedonitTa winaaRmdeg, aramed nestorianTa winaaRmdeg, ufro metic,

am krebas henotikonis miRebiT qalkedonitebi da monofizitebi erTmaneT-

Tan mourigebia, amitomac 506 weli ar aris qarTuli eklesiis mier monofiz-

itobis miRebis weli (sxva sakiTxia is, rom TviT henotikoni monofizitobis

elfers atarebda).

qarTuli eklesiis monawileoba dvinis 506 wlis krebaze niSnavda ara

qarTuli eklesiis mier monofizitobis aRiarebas, aramed kavkasiuri (somx-

eT-qarTl-albaneTis eklesiebis) saeklesio organizaciuli kavSiris Sekvras.

àrseni safareli àm krebas arsad ar axsenebs, Tumca, èpistoleTa

wignidan~ misi arseboba unda scodnoda. igi mas, rogorc Cans, arca Tvlis

somxur adgilobriv krebaTa saTvalavSi da samarTlianadac. dvinis 506

wlis kreba saerTo kavkasiuri saeklesio kreba iyo~.75

somxuri eklesiis mier marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis uaryofa da

monofizitobis damkvidreba msoflios gaugia ara 506 wlis Semdeg, aramed

551/4 wlis krebis Semdeg _ `somexTa monofizitoba qalkedonuri samyar-

osTvis aSkara gaxda nerse mijinis mier mowveuli dvinis adgilobrivi

saeklesio krebis Semdeg~.76


506 wlis kreba monofizituri rom yofiliyo, is adreve gaxdeboda cno-

bili da ara 551/4 wlis Semdeg.

asoRiki wers Tavis ̀ msoflio istoriaSi~ _ ̀ somxebi im welsa da im dros

gandgnen berZnebTan ziarebisagan... macxovris dabadebidan ... gavida jumlad

553 weli~. ioane oZuneli `somxeTSi Semdgar krebaTa Sesaxeb~-Si wers _ `es

kreba ufalma nersem qalkedonis krebis sawinaaRmdegod moiwvia~.77 vardan

didi `msoflio istoriaSi~ wers, rom erTma berZenma moRvawem~... werili

moswera somxebs da uTxra, rom Cvens Soris winaaRmdegoba ar iyo im uka-

nasknel nersemde, romelmac kreba moiwvia dvinSi...~78 e.i. 551-554 wlebamde.

zogierTi Zveli istorikosis TvalsazrisiT, ̀ berZnuli~ eklesiisgan somx-

uri eklesia gamoyofila ara 506 wels, aramed 551/4 wlebSi. am dromde am

eklesiebs ziarebac ki saerTo hqoniaT. 551/4 wlis `dvinis krebidan gaxda

qalkedonuri samyarosaTvis somexTa monofizitoba aSkara~.79

maS, ra saWiroebisTvis iqna mowveuli 506 wlis kreba dvinSi? es kreba

`saerTo kavkasiuri saeklesio kreba~ yofila, mowveuli sparseTis mier

vaxtang gorgaslis gardacvalebis umalve. am krebam safuZveli daudo

`saerTo kavkasiur saeklesio erTobas~. saeklesio urTierToba, romlis

Sesaxebac ase xSirad miuTiTeben Zveli istorikosebi, qarTul da somxur

eklesiaTa Soris iwyeba swored 506 wlidan.

sparseTs miznad hqonda dasaxuli amierkavkasiis yvela qveyanaSi sax-

elmwifoebrioba moespo, saxelmwifo samxedro-administraciuli aparati

gaenadgurebina, xolo dapyrobili qveynebi emarTa eklesiisa da samRvde-

loebis saSualebiT. ase moqceula sparseTi somxeTSi, gaanadgura erovnuli

saxelmwifo, xolo somxeTs samRvdeloebis xeliT marTavda, rogorc arseni

safareli wers. vaxtang gorgaslis gardacvalebis Semdeg sparseTs aseve

surda moqceuliyo saqarTveloSic.

somxeTSi 505 wels marzpanis, vahan mamikonianis (mamkuenis) gardacvalebis

Semdeg sparselebma somxeTs mmarTvelad _ marzpanad erovnebiT somexi ki

aRar dauniSnes, aramed sparseli, xolo somex aznaurebs aRar misces saero

mmarTvelobis ufleba. sparselebma somexi aznaurebis funqciebi mianiWes

somex samRvdeloebas, amis Semdeg samRvdeloeba aznaurebis winaaRmdeg

yofila gamoyenebuli. xarksac ki samRvdeloeba hkrefda, rogorc arseni

safareli wers: ̀ mokuda vahan mamkueni... aqaATgan sparsTa marzapanTa daipyres

somxiTi... aznaurTa KelmwifebaA daeca sparsTa marzapanTagan, da kaTa-

likozni da episkopozni gandrkes simarTlisagan da kadnierebaOmoiRes

sparsTagan winaaRdgomad aznaurTa da Karksa sofelTasa TYT gardaiKdi-

des, rameTu episkoposTa da qorepiskoposTa miandves queyanaA, viTarca

morCilTa mefobisa sparsTaAsa... msajulebaA mTavrobisa TYT miitaces...

iqmnnes saepiskoposoni, viTarca sakerponi da mividian aznaurni karad

saepiskoposod da ara hpovian Jami Seslvad, da Seiqcian sircxYleulni

viTarca karisagan marzapanTaAsa~.80


sparseTs surda, rom rogorc `sparsTa mefobis morCili~ somexi sam-

Rvdeloebis xeliT daimorCiles somxeTi, aseve daemorCilebinaT saqarTve-

lo da albaneTi. albaT amiT iyo gamowveuli 506 wels dvinSi saeklesio

krebis mowveva. am krebaze antiqalkedonuri gadawyvetilebebis miReba ki

ar yofila mTavari, aramed samRvdeloebisadmi administraciuli, qveynis

sammarTvelo uflebebis gadacema. sparselebma pativi ahyares aznaurebs da

mianiWes episkoposebs (Tumca, aseTi moqmedeba qarTlSi ramdenadme gauZnelde-

bodaT, radganac aq samxedro-administraciuli aparati Zlieri iyo).

sparselebi erTnairi TvaliT uyurebdnen rogorc monofizitobas, ise

diofizitobas am periodSi. maTTvis religiuri mimarTulebani mxolod da

mxolod `rom-saberZneTis~ imperiasTan politikuri dapirispirebis iaraRs

warmoadgenda. sparselebi mxars uWerdnen monofizitobas im dros, roca bi-

zantia diofizitobas uWerda mxars da monofizitebs devnida. 506 wlisaTvis

bizantia monofizitebs ar devnida, amitom sparseTic monofizitobas ar mfarvel-

obda. gancxadeba, rom `506 wlis krebis Semdeg qarTlis oficialuri saekle-

sio sarwmunoeba monofizituri iyo~, albaT, gadaxedvas moiTxovs.

erTobas qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris safuZveli dasdebia ara

506 wels, aramed rogorc èpistoleTa wignidan~ SeiZleba gavigoT, 520-22

wlebSi. sxvaa 506 wlis saeklesio erToba, sxvaa 520-iani wlebis erToba.

èpistoleTa wignidan~ Cans, rom kavad I-is (488-531) dros qarTlisa da

somxeTis mTavrebi da eklesiaTa ierarqebi Sekrebilan da daudevT èrTo-

bis wigni~. es aris aRTqma (xelSekruleba), werilobiTi dokumenti, romelic

daculi iyo kirionis drosac. es xelSekruleba maSin daudviaT, roca

berZenTa imperias qalkedonitoba uRiarebia, ese igi ara 506 wels, aramed

Semdgom. 506 wels TviT kamaTSi monawile somexi ierarqebis mtkicebiT,

bizantia qalkedonuri ar yofila, ufro metic, maTi mtkicebiT, imperator

anastasis (491-518) dros, romlis drosac 506 wels dvinis kreba Catarda,

bizantia monofizituri yofila. maTi mtkicebiT, bizantia monofizituri

yofila imperator zenonis (474-491) drosac. ase rom, imperatorebis zenonisa

da anastasis dros, 474 wlidan 518 wlamde, qarTul-somxuri sarwmunoebrivi

erTobis kreba ar Catarebula. sarwmunoebrivi erTobis kreba Catarebula im

dros, roca bizantias qalkedonitoba uRiarebia. somexi polemistebis azriT,

bizantia qalkedonituri gaxda imperator iustines dros (518-527). swored am

dros, roca bizantiam `qalkedonis kreba Seiwynara~, sparseTis mefe kavadis

dros, Semdgara somex-qarTvelTa erTobis kreba, e. i. 518 wlidan 531 wlamde

(iustines mefobis dasawyisidan kavadis mefobis dasasrulamde).

518-531 wlebSi Catarebuli kreba da ara 506 wlis kreba aris somex-

qarTvelTa erTobis kreba. am krebis Catarebis gasvlidan 87 wlis Semdeg,

kirionis dros, èrToba~ darRveula. kreba Catarebula 520-522 wlebSi.

520-522 wlebi da ara 506 weli unda CaiTvalos qarTlis mier somxebTan

erTobis aRiarebis wlad.


520-522 wlis kreba antibizantiuri sarwmunoebrivi erTobis kreba yofi-

la, romlis aqtebsac xeli qarTulma delegaciamac moawera, magram qarT-

lis mefe winaaRmdegi yofila da qarTvelebi ajanyebulan.

qarTvelTa ajanyebis mizezad prokopi kesariels swored sarwmunoebr-

ivi uTanxmoeba miaCnia. misi sityviT, sparselebs kvlavindeburad cecxlTay-

vanismcemlobis gavrceleba mouwadinebiaT, magram Cans, mizezi isic iyo, rom

bizantiasa da mis imperators iustines (518-527) qalkedonitoba uRiarebia,

xolo sparseTi qarTvelebs aiZulebda bizantielTa sawinaaRmdego sarwmu-

noeba, monofizitoba mieRoT.

`mefe gurgenma iustine keisars (518-527) mociqulebi gaugzavna da SeuT-

vala: mogemxrobiT da Tqvensken gadmovalT, Tuki pirobas mogvcemT, rom

Tqven Cven, qarTvelebs, arasodes sparselebs aRar gadagvcemTo~.81 ̀ sparseT-

ma qarTvelebis gandgomis ambavi Seityo Tu ara, maSinve iberiaSi didi

jari gamogzavna. samwuxarod, bizantielebis maSveli razmi imdenad ricx-

vmcire iyo, rom sparseTis axalmosul laSqars gurgeni ver gascemda

pasuxs. amis gamo mefe gurgeni ojaxiT... da qarTveli didebulebi lazika-

Si gaiqcnen... lazikidan Tavisi saxlobiTa da amaliT 523 wels bizantiaSi

wavida~.82 bizantiam da sparseTma 532 wels `saukuno zavis~ xelSekruleba

dades. ̀ ...sparselebma, rogorc prokopi kesarieli mogviTxrobs, qarTvelebs

neba aRar misces sakuTari mefe hyolodaT da mefoba gaauqmes~.83

`saukuno zavis~ dadebis da saqarTveloSi mefobis gauqmebis Semdeg

sparseTs aRar gauWirdeboda qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris 520-522

wels dadebuli erTobis xelSekruleba cxovrebaSi gaetarebina. qarTvel-

Ta nebis sawinaaRmdegod qarTlSi antibizantiuri monofizitoba gavrcele-

bula. 532 wlis saukuno zavis dadebis Semdeg monofizitobas qarTlSi

Zlieri mowinaaRmdege Zalebi aRar eyoleboda da mis gavrcelebas qarTl-

Si xels veravin SeuSlida.

qarTvel qristianTa religiuri gamofxizlebisa da monofizitobis sawi-

naaRmdego propagandisaTvis 540-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi Camodian asure-

li mamebi. am wmida berebis Tavdauzogavi moRvaweobis Sedegad qarTlSi

qalkedonituri midrekileba gaRvivebula da 551/4 wlis krebis Semdeg

qarTli, arseni safarelis Tanaxmad, Camoscilebia somxur eklesias da,

maSasadame, uari uTqvams monofizitobisTvisac.

551/4 wlamde somxuri eklesia kaTolike _ `berZnuli~ msoflio eklesi-

is nawilad iTvleboda. amitomac, somxur eklesiasTan sarwmunoebriv-saek-

lesio erToba qarTul eklesias bunebrivad miaCnda da srulebiT ar Tvl-

ida Tavis Tavs `berZnul~ eklesiisgan mowyvetilad.

`berZnul~ eklesiasTan somxuri eklesiis kavSiri sruliad miuRebeli

gamxdara sparseTisTvis. sparseTma aiZula somxuri eklesia ierarqiulad,

anu eklesiurad yovelgvari kavSiri gaewyvita berZnul eklesiasTan, episko-


posebi ekurTxebina `TaviT TvisiT~, garda amisa, sparseTi somxeTs damuqre-

bia, rom Tu berZnul eklesiasTan kavSirs ar gawyvetda, somxebs gadaasax-

lebda sxva qveyanaSi.

arseni safarelis Tanaxmad, am saqmis gadawyveta somxebs nerse kaTali-

kosisTvis dauvalebiaT _ `...miugdes saqme ese nerse kaTalikozsa~.84

nerses gadauwyvetia _ `umjobes ars Cvenda sikudili, vidreRa... dagde-

baAOqueynisa da mowyvedaA Cueni mwirobiT~,85 e.i. samSoblos datovebasa da

ucxoeTSi mwirobiT gawyvetas yvelaferi sjobs, sikvdilic kio.

nerses 551/4 wlebSi Cautarebia kreba, romelsac miuRia gadawyvetileba

— somxuri eklesia Camoscileboda berZnul eklesias. am krebis Semdeg

somxebi `gandges... da ganisxnes wmidisagan da didebulisa samociqulo

kaTolike eklesiisa...~86

551/4 welsve qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebi erTmaneTs daSordnen. am

wels daiwyo ̀ ganyofa somexTa qarTlisagan~, rac dasrulda kirionis dros.

`qarTvelTa dapirispirebas aRniSnuli krebis dadgenilebisadmi mowmobs

samuel anJelis `JamTaaRweriloba~.87

qarTli 520/2 wlidan vidre 551/4 wlebamde (sul 30 weli, ufro zustad,

532-551 wlebSi) qalkedonur-monofizituri midrekilebisa yofila, magram

is msoflio kaTolike eklesiis wevria, radganac TviT saberZneTSi im dros

monofizitoba gavrcelebuli yofila, mis aRmosavleT provinciebSi ki gaba-

tonebulic. arasodes qarTuli eklesia msoflio kaTolike eklesias ar

dascilebia, arc erTi wliT. is mudam misi nawili iyo, rogori sarwmunoe-

brivi mimdinareobisac msoflio eklesia iyo, qarTuli eklesiac masve iReb-

da da icavda. es momenti mudam iwvevda qarTveli saeklesio moRvaweebis

bunebriv siamayes. roca msoflio eklesiam kategoriulad da sabolood

uaryo monofizitoba, qarTulma eklesiamac uaryo is.

570-iani wlebis ajanyebis Semdeg qarTli sabolood qalkedonitobis

gzazea, 590-ian wlebSi aq monofizitebi sabolood marcxdebian. 604 wels

sparseTi kvlav ipyrobs qarTls da aiZulebs qarTul eklesias ganaaxlos

sarwmunoebriv-saeklesio ̀ erToba~ somxur eklesiasTan, romlis xelSekru-

lebac qarTvelTaTvis gauqmebulad iTvleboda 551-554 wlidan. kirioni

uaryofs somxeTTan ̀ erTobis~ kavSiris aRdgenas, is gadaWriT gmobs monofiz-

itobas da icavs qarTlSi ukve gamarjvebul diofizitobas 607/9 wels. es

TariRi Zvel somex istorikosebs qarTul-somxuri eklesiebis ganyofis

wlad miuCneviaT, arseni safarels ki ganyofis TariRad 551/4 weli miaCnia.

marTalia, monofizitoba qarTuli oficialuri sarwmunoeba ar yofila

magram monofizitebis zogierT jgufs sakmaod mtkice poziciebi eWiraT da

gavlenas axdendnen mTel eklesiaze, radgan maT dampyrobeli sparseTi da

arabebi xelovnurad aZlierebdnen. qvemo qarTlsa da hereTSi, somxeTTan

siaxlovis gamo, somxur eklesias gauZlierebia somxuri eklesiisaTvis


misaRebi ideologia. monofizitobas TiTqmis X saukunemde uarsebia morw-

muneTa erT nawilSi.

asureli mamebi monofizitobis winaaRmdeg

V saukuneSi qarTuli saxelmwifo da eklesia proberZnuli aRmsareblo-

bisa yofila, rogorc wmida raJdenis wamebidan Cans.

VI saukunis Sua wlebSi saqarTveloSi Camodian asureli mamebi, iwyeben

aqtiur moRvaweobas da saqarTveloSive aResrulebian VI saukunis bolosa

da VII saukunis dasawyisSi. Tu SevadarebT erTmaneTs im mdgomareobas,

romelSic imyofeboda qarTuli eklesia asureli mamebis Camosvlis dros, im

mdgomareobasTan, romelSic imyofeboda maTi moRvaweobis dasasruls, davrw-

mundebiT, rom isini ebrZodnen monofizitur mimdinareobas da gaimarjves

masze. marTlac, VI saukunis 30-40-ian wlebSi, rogorc mecnierebi amboben,

CvenSi mZvinvarebda monofizitoba, amave saukunis 70-90-ian wlebSi da VII

saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelo sruliad qalkedonituri mimarTulebisaa,

rac asureli mamebis Rvawlis Sedegia, politikur mizezebTan erTad.

romel wlebSi Camovidnen asureli mamebi saqarTveloSi, rogori sarwmu-

noebrivi mimarTulebisa iyo qarTuli eklesia am dros da rogori mdgo-

mareoba Seiqmna maTi moRvaweobis dasasruls _ sagania Cveni ganxilvisa.

asureli mamebi saqarTveloSi Camovidnen fars-

man mefis da kaTalikos evlavis dros. wmidaTa

cxovreba wers, rom Rirsi mama ioane zedazneli

da misi Tormeti mowafe ̀ sixaruliT iqnen miRe-

buli qarTveli xalxis, farsman mefisa (542-557)

da qarTlis kaTalikos mTavarepiskoposis evl-

avis (533-544) mier. matiane gvauwyebs, rom wmida

kapadokielma mamebma qarTul enaze mimarTes

damxvdurT `...ioane zedazneli aResrula daax-

loebiT 557-60 wlebs Soris, qarTlis kaTali-

kos makaris (553-559) dros~.88

rusuli saeklesio istoriografia, romelic

eyrdnoba qarTul matianeebs, miiCnevs, rom asure-

li mamebi saqarTveloSi Camosulan 540-ian

wlebSi. es is droa, roca sparseTis batonoba

qarTlSi srul siZlieres aRwevs. ̀ 542 wels xosro uzarmazari jariT movida

qarTls da aqedan uecrad gadavida egrisSi, riTac daarRvia ̀ saukuno zavi~.89

es aris xana _ `roca sparselebi iZulebulni gaxdnen, uari eTqvaT

mazdeanobis gavrcelebaze amierkavkasiaSi da samagierod, monofizituri

qristianobis mfarvelebad iqcnen, maT saeklesio mwerlobas daavales, monofiz-


ituri ideebi da sparseTTan ganuyofeli kavSiris aucilebloba eqadaga. am

mizniT sparseTis mefis agentebma SeTxzes legendebi, viTomc qristianoba

somxeTsa, qarTlsa da albaneTSi erTi piris mier aris danergili, romelic

viTomc sparseTTan iyo dakavSirebuli. monofizitebi Seubraleblad spobd-

nen diofizitebis, anu qalkedonitebis mwerlobas... sparseTis mTavroba agreTve

sxva saSualebebsac mimarTavda am ideologiuri kavSiris gansamtkiceblad.

mas surda, magaliTad, somxeTis, qarTlisa da albaneTis eklesiebis gaer-

Tianeba, rom ufro advili yofiliyo maTi marTva sparseli moxeleebisaTvis~.90

540-iani wlebi miaCnia ivane javaxiSvils

asureli mamebis saqarTveloSi Semosvlis

TariRad. `...asureli mamebi yvelani erTad

da erT dros ar unda iyvnen mosuli, aramed

pirvelad daviT garejelia gamomgzavrebu-

li, romelic egebis V s-is damlevsac ki

iyos mosuli, Semdeg ioane zedazneli Tavisi

mowafeebiTurT _ VI s-is Sua wlebSi. daax-

loebiT amave dros, magram, etyoba, damoukide-

bliv mosulad Cans anton martyofeli...~91

`ioane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis

mosvlis TariRad broses 540 w. aqvs miRebu-

li. es TariRi svimon mesvetis zeobis 521-

596 wlebze aqvs damyarebuli da farsmanis

zeobaze~.92 broses eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvili.

`T. Jordanias azriT, ̀ ioane zedaznelis mowafiTurT warmosvla da damkvi-

dreba saqarTveloSi moxda 541-557 wlebSi, rodesac saqarTveloSi mZvin-

varebdnen somxebis monofizitebi. eklesia qarTvelTa saSiS mdgomareobaSi

iyo da am garemoebam, Cemis fiqriT, gamoiwvia

asurel mamaTa Tavganwirva da wamosvla da-

sacvelad Cvenis sjulisa mwvalebelTagan...~93

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad: ...Semdgomad

oTxas ocisa wlisa gamoikiTxa da gamoiZia

wmidaman mamaman Cuenman arseni qarTlisa ka-

Talikosman...~94 is, k. kekeliZis Tanaxmad, kaTa-

likosobda _ 955-980 wlebSi. misi zeobis Tar-

iRs Tu gamovaklebT 420 wels, marTlac miv-

iRebT 540-ian wlebs. k. kekeliZe wers, rom

`rogorc dRes gamoangariSebulia, ormocian

wlebSi movida CvenSi...~95 ioane zedaznelio.

`qarTlis cxovreba~ wers, _ `mokuda kaTa-

likosi Cermag, da amanve farsman mefeman da-


sua saba. aqaTgan arRara moiyvanebdes kaTalikossa saberZneTiT. aramed

qarTvelni dasxdebodes, warCinebulTa naTesavni. da mokuda kaTalikosi

saba, da manve mefeman dasua kaTalikosad evlaTi. misve farsmanis-ze movida

iovane SuamdinariT, romelsa ewoda zedazadeneli, ganmanaTlebeli qarTlisa

da ganmwmedeli sjulisa, maSenebeli eklesiaTa, romelman qmna saswaulebi da

niSebi mravali, man da mowafeTa misTa, romelTa ganakYrnes yovelni qarTvelni...

saxelebi wmidaTa mowafeTa: iovane zedazadeneli, daviT garesjeli, stefane

xirseli, ioseb alaverdeli, zenon iyalToeli, antoni martyofeli, ise wilkneli,

TaTe stefanwmideli, Sio mRvimeli, isidore samTavneli, abibos nekreseli,

miqel ulumboeli, piros breTeli da elia diakoni~.96

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, asureli mamebis saqarTveloSi Camosvla

TiTqmis emTxveva qarTul eklesiaSi danergil axal wess, kaTalikosi aRar

mohyavdaT saberZneTidan, aramed adgilzeve irCevdnen erovnebiT qarTvels.

am axali wesis danergvis nebarTva TiTqosda imperator iustinianes gaucia

(527-565),97 magram iustinianes ufleba ar hqonda qarTlze, radgan aq sparsele-

bi batonobdnen. Cans, sparseTis xelisuflebam akrZala qarTlSi berZeni

episkoposis Camosvla, qarTveli kaTalikosis adgilze arCevas ki xeli ar

SeuSales. aseTi praqtika miuRia da uRiarebia bizantiis samefo kars,

radganac misTvis gacilebiT ufro misaRebi iyo avtokefaluri qarTuli

eklesia, vidre qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba an Zalze SezRud-

va da misi damorCileba prosparsuli orientaciis (aRmosavlur-somxuri)

eklesiisadmi. saberZneTidan kaTalikosis Camoyvanis akrZalva mainc niSnav-

da imas, rom qarTuli eklesia CamoaSores berZnul-romaul eklesias. 506-

532 wlebSi mravalgzis Catarebuli amierkavkasiis eklesiebis gaerTianeb-

uli krebebis mizani iqneboda, qarTuli eklesia sarwmunoebrivad da ierar-

qiulad daeqvemdebarebinaT prosparsuli dvinis sakaTalikososadmi. monofiz-

itobis gaZlierebas mohyva diofizitobis devna qarTlSi. swored amis

Semdgom, male, 540-ian wlebSi Camodian asureli mamebi.

ivane javaxiSvilis TvalsazrisiT, Zvel qarTvel avtorTa Txzulebebis

mixedviT, asureli mamebis `...moRvaweobis mizans aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

ganmtkiceba Seadgenda `sarwmunoebiTa marTliTa~, e.i. isini marTlmadide-

blobis gasamagreblad mosulan~.98 ̀ istorikos juanSers naTqvami aqvs: ̀ movida

ioane SuamdinareTidan, romelsa ewoda zeda-zneli, ganmanaTlebeli qarTlisa

da ganmwmedeli sjulisa-o~.99

`IX-XII ss. qarTveli mwerlebisaTvis erTaderTi `marTali sarwmunoeba~

qalkedonianoba iyo da roca isini amboben, rom asureli mamebi `marTali

sarwmunoebis~ ganmtkicebisaTvis iRvwodneno, es imas niSnavs, rom qalke-

donianobis gamarjvebisaTvis ibrZodnen, amisda gvarad maTi ̀ ganmwmedeloba

sjulisa~-c unda monofizitobis sawinaaRmdego brZolas hgulisxmobdes~.100

ivane javaxiSvili daaskvnis _ `...ioane zedaznelis meTaurobiT mosuli


asureli mamebi aramcTu monofizitebi ar yofilan, aramed swored monofiz-

itobis dauZinebeli mtrebi iyvnen~.101 TiTqmis yvela mkvlevari aRiarebs,

rom VI saukunis I naxevarSi qarTlSi gaimarjva monofizitobam. niSnavs es

imas Tu ara, rom saqarTveloSi qalkedonianoba mTlianad moispo im dros?

ara, araTu mosaxleobis garkveuli raodenoba yofila qalkedonituri, aramed

TviT episkoposebi da saepiskoposoebis sakmao raodenoba qalkedonituri

yofila. `...monofizitobis saqarTveloSi gamarjvebiT qalkedonianni ar mo-

spobilan, rogorc davrwmundiT, 9 episkoposi am krebas ar daswrebia, oqme-

bze xeli ar mouweriaT. maTi moqmedeba da brZola, ueWvelia, SemdegSic ar

Sewydeboda. VII s-is damlevs usaxelo TxzulebaSi... aRniSnulia, rom 574

wels bizantiidan somxeTSi dabrunebulma monofizitebma qarTvelebsa da

albanelebs sTxoves maTTan erTad qalkedonianobas winaaRdgomodnen, ma-

gram albanelebsac da qarTvelebsac uari uTqvamT. ukve es garemoeba

saqarTveloSi momxdari cvlilebebis mauwyebelia~.102

`...574 wlisaTvis saqarTveloSi monofizitobas simtkice ukve Seryeuli

uCans da qalkedonianobas qarTuli saeklesio wreebSi TanagrZnoba ukve

mopovebuli hqonia. asurel mamaTa moRvaweobis faqti swored qalkedonianobis

saqarTveloSi am gamarjvebis gagebas gviadvilebs. rogorc asurel berebs

qalkedonianobis TavianTi rwmenis gabatonebisaTvis samSoblo miutovebiaT

da albaneTSi misulan saqadagod, iseve momxdara saqarTveloSic da asure-

li mamebi mosulan. Sinaganma sarwmunoebrivma brZolam, asurel mamaTa

energiulma moRvaweobam, bizantiisaken cxadad gadaxrili politikuri ori-

entaciis mZlavrma gavlenamac qalkedonianobas saqarTveloSi monofizito-

baze gamarjveba SeaZlebina~.103

ara Tu 574 wels, aramed manamdec, asureli mamebis saqarTveloSi Camos-

vlisTanave, kerZod, VI saukunis meore naxevris dasawyisSi, qarTul da

somxur eklesiebs Soris uTanxmoeba warmoSobila, somxuri eklesia iranis

moTxovniT amierkavkasiis masStabiT lideri eklesia gaxda, romelsac

garkveuli TvalsazrisiT qarTul da albanur eklesiebze gavlena hqonda,

amitomac uTanxmoeba somxur eklesiasTan iranis winaaRmdegobasac niSnav-

da. `...uTanxmoebis pirveli niSnebi me-6 saukunis meore naxevris dasawyisSi

gaCnda, rodesac somxurma eklesiam iranis uzenaesoba aRiara da dvinis

adgilobriv krebaze monofizitobis memarcxene mimdinareoba ivlitianoba

gamoacxada Tavis oficialur mrwamsad. qarTlisa da albaneTis eklesiebma

dvinis krebis gansazRvrebebs mxari ar dauWires, ar dagmes qalkedonis

kreba, magram arc antimonofizitobas daadgnen aqtiurad. iranis imperiam

me-6 saukunis 60-iani wlebis miwuruls kidev scada, bizantiis sawinaaRm-

dego erTiani monofizituri banaki Seekra amierkavkasiaSi...~104 arseni safa-

relis mixedviT, somxuri eklesiis kreba, romelmac aSkarad da gadaWriT

miiRo monofizitoba VI saukuneSi, Semdgara 551 wels dvinSi, kaTalikos


nerse mijinis dros. amis gamo, somxur eklesias Camoscilebia qarTuli da

albanuri eklesiebi. qarTul eklesias ar daugmia qalkedonis kreba, rasac

misgan moiTxovdnen, magram arc mtkice antimonofizitur poziciaze damdgara,

samagierod, arseni safarelis sityviT, qarTul eklesias srulebiT gauw-

yvetia ierarqiuli kavSiri 551 wels somxur eklesiasTan, radganac, Tavis

mxriv, somxur eklesias ierarqiuli kavSiri gauwyvetia berZnul eklesiasTan.

Tu qarTul eklesiaSi Seqmnil mdgomareobas gadavxedavT, davinaxavT,

rom 540-ian wlebSi asureli mamebis saqarTveloSi Camosvlis dros CvenSi

monofizitobas garkveuli poziciebi aqvs, aTi wlis Semdeg, asureli mamebis

moRvaweobis wyalobiT, CvenSi qalkedonitobis poziciebi ufro Zlieria,

vidre monofizitobisa, rac 551 wlis krebaze gamoCnda, oci wlis Semdeg ki

_ 574 wels qarTul eklesiaSi qalkedonitoba gamarjvebulia. asurelma

mamebma 30 weliwadSi gaweuli Rvawlis wyalobiT SeZles ara marto qalke-

donizmis sruli gamarjvebisaTvis mieRwiaT, aramed, rac aranakleb mniS-

vnelovania, qalkedonizmis gamarjvebam Seqmna Teoriuli safuZveli qarTu-

li da somxuri eklesiebis urTierTdaSorebisaTvis, somxuri eklesia ki

Tavisi enisa da kulturis gavrcelebas cdilobda mTel iranul amierkavka-

siaSi, ase rom, asureli mamebis moRvaweobam ganamtkica qarTuli kulturis

erovnuli safuZveli da Tavidan iqna acilebuli erovnul-kulturuli

gadagvarebis aSkara safrTxe.

`asurel mamaTa erovnebis Sesaxeb d. baqraZes naTqvami aqvs: `axla Cvens

mwerlobaSi vrceldeba azri, viTomc aT-cametni mamani yofiliyvnen qarTvelni

naTesaobiT. es azri Cveni warmodgeniTac usafuZvlo ar aris~. amis sab-

uTad mas erTi mxriv is mosazreba mohyavs, rom `sul Zvelad qarTvelni

moRvaweni da mTargmnelni antioqiaSi da mis garSemo Sromobdnen TavianTi

mamulis sasargeblod~ _ meore mxriv isic, rom asureli mamebi `Semodian

Tu ara saqarTveloSi, qarTulad saubroben, qarTuladve asrulebdnen wir-

va-locvasa da hmoZRvrobdnen TviT qarTvel ersa...~105

SeiZleba asureli mamebi qarTvelebi ar iyvnen, maT mier qarTulad saubari,

wirva-locva, qarTuli enis wina planze wamoweva da misTvis gansakuTrebu-

li yuradRebis miqceva gamowveuli unda yofiliyo ara erovnuli, aramed

sarwmunoebrivi mosazrebiT. saqme is aris, rom ukve im dros, e.i. VI sauku-

nis Sua wlebSi sparseTis imperiaSi berZnuli ena akrZaluli iyo, misi

gamoyeneba wirva-locvisa da mRvdelmsaxurebis dros ar SeiZleboda, rogorc

qalkedonitobis enisa. V saukuneSic berZnuli ena sastikad iyo akrZaluli

_ rogorc mose xoreneli wers. cnobilia, rom VI saukuneSi sparseTis

imperiaSi qristianebisTvis nebadarTuli ena RvTismsaxurebisTvis iyo somxuri

da asuruli enebi. erTi saukuniT adre sparseTma mosTxova somxebs berZnu-

lenovani RvTismsaxurebis nacvlad SemoeRoT asurulenovani RvTismsax-

ureba. berZnulenovani wignebi dawves, berZnulad saubari akrZales. es iyo


jer kidev somxuri anbanis SemoRebamde _ 405 wlamde. somxuri anbanis

SemoRebis Semdeg, sparseTma akrZala Targmna berZnuli enidan da berZnuli

wignebis gamoyeneba. am dros ukve nebadarTuli iyo somxuri da asuruli

enebiT RvTismsaxureba, xolo berZnuli ki akrZaluli. VI saukuneSi, saqarTve-

los sparsTa mier dapyrobis dros, berZnulenovani RvTismsaxureba, berZnu-

li enidan Targmna aikrZaleboda, ise rogorc imperiis sxva kuTxeebSi.

Tavdapirvelad qarTulenovani RvTismsaxureba ar aikrZaleboda, magram

imis Semdeg, rac qarTvelebis umravlesoba qalkedonituri aRmsareblobis

maRiarebeli gaxda, daiwyeboda qarTuli enis devnac, radganac qarTuli da

berZnuli enebi miCneuli iqneboda qalkedonitobis enebad, xolo somxuri

da asuruli enebi monofizitobis enebad. sparselebisTvis ucnobi ar yofi-

la qarTvelebisa da berZnebis urTierTmegobroba da siyvaruli im sauku-

neebSi. wmida raJdenis wamebidanac Cans, rom qarTvelebi idevnebodnen rogorc

berZenTa megobrebi. idevneboda qarTuli ena, rogorc qalkedonitobis ma-

tarebeli ena berZnulis msgavsad. swored amitom asureli mamebi gansak-

uTrebul yuradRebas aqceven qarTul enas. qarTuli ena maTTvis qalke-

donitobis iaraRia. es iaraRi gansakuTrebiT gamosadegi iyo im dros, radga-

nac qarTuli ena mosaxleobis dedaena iyo, amitomac misi akrZalva sparseTs

mxolod zogadad SeeZlo eklesiebSi da ara qveyanaSi, xolo berZnuli ena

mkacrad ikrZaleboda ara marto eklesiebSi, aramed mTel qveyanaSi, ise

rogorc V saukunis somxeTSi, rac mose xorenels kargada aqvs aRwerili.

ratom miiCneoda qarTuli ena qalkedonitobis enad? imitom rom qalke-

donitoba erovnul sarwmunoebad qceula ukve VI saukunis saqarTveloSi,

amitomac, erovnebiT qarTvelisa da sarwmunoebiT qalkedonitis rogorc

saeklesio, ise dedaena qarTuli ena iyo. erovnebiT qarTveli, magram sarw-

munoebiT monofiziti mosaxleobis arseboba saqarTveloSi ueWvelia rogorc

VI, ise VII saukuneSi. maTi dedaena iyo qarTuli ena, magram sarwmunoebis,

anu saeklesio ena iyo somxuri, ise rogorc albaneli monofizitebisa.

mizezi amisa iyo is, rom monofizitobis enad somxuri ena dafiqsirda. iv.

javaxiSvili wers: `magram sparseTis somxeTSi monofizitoba mainc diof-

izitobasa anu qalkedonianobaze ufro Zlieri iyo. am droisaTvis somexTa

gavlenian wreebSi am moZRvrebas ise magrad hqonda ukve fesvebi gamdgari,

rom TiTqmis erovnul sarwmunoebad iyo ukve qceuli~.106

somxeTSi sakmaod Zlieri da gavleniani iyo diofizitoba, magram monofiz-

itoba ufro Zlieri yofila da amitomac erovnul sarwmunoebad qceula.

saqarTveloSi ki piriqiTa mdgomareoba iyo VI saukunis Sua wlebidan.

CvenSi, Tumca Zlieri iyo monofizitoba da mas mxars TviT sparseTi uWerda,

magram diofizitoba ufro gaZlierebula da erovnul sarwmunoebad qceu-

la. am mizezis gamo saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sarwmunoebiT monofiziti,

magram erovnebiT qarTveli mosaxleoba Tavis Tavs akuTvnebda ara qarTul,


e.i. qalkedonitur eklesias, aramed somxur, anu monofizitur eklesias.

erovnebiT qarTveli, magram sarwmunoebiT monofiziti mosaxleoba imis Sem-

deg, rac sparseTis gavlena Semcirda qarTlze, Tavisi sarwmunoebis dacvis

mizniT swavlobda somxur enas, eziareboda somxur saeklesio kulturas,

icavda somxuri enis poziciebs Tavis eklesiaSi, wirva-locvis enad aRi-

arebda somxurs. amiT iyo gamowveuli curtavis somxurenovani qarTuli

mosaxleobis mier kirionis enobrivi reformis winaaRmdeg gamosvla. cur-

tavis, anu sapitiaxSos mosaxleobam arcTu sixaruliT miiRo erTi sirieli

mamaTagani _ daviT garejeli. adgilobrivma mTavarma bubaqar didebulma

misi mokvlac ki daapira. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis saeklesio somxuren-

ovnebis Sesaxeb aris nakvalevi darCenili daviT garejelis cxovrebaSi.

daviTis mizani iyo, gaeqalkedonitebina adgilobrivi qarTveloba, risTvisac

zogadad miuRwevia. amaze miuTiTebs qarTuli saeklesio enis danergva

kirionis mier am mxareebSi VII saukunis dasawyisSi. 614 wlis e. w. sparsu-

li krebis Semdeg, sparseTis imperiis qristianebs miecaT brZaneba damor-

Cilebodnen somxur eklesias, anu rac igivea, mieRoT monofizitoba. saqarTvelo

da misi samefo kari, cxadia, iZulebuli iqneboda damorCileboda imperiis

am brZanebas, eRiarebina somxuri sarwmunoeba _ monofizitoba. am mizezis

gamo qarTlis mefe, anu mTavari stefanozi monofiziti unda yofiliyo, risi

miniSnebac TiTqosda gvaqvs Sio mRvimelis cxovrebaSi. stefanozi ̀ ganudga

berZenTa da mieqca sparsTa~.107 is ìyo urwmuno da uSiSi RmrTisa~, àra

ineba gandgoma sparsTagan~, mas herakle berZenTa keisarma mefoba CamoarT-

va. amitomac ar aris gasakviri, rom aseT urwmuno mefes ar uSindebian

SiomRvimis berebi da konfliqti aqvT masTan. Cans, TviT sparsTa udidesi

gaZlierebis drosac ki, roca VII saukunis dasawyisSi sparseTma warmate-

biT Seutia bizantias, daipyro misi miwebi da ierusalimic ki aiRo, asurel

mamaTa mier daarsebuli monastrebi kvlav qalkedonitobis kerebi arian da

TviT araqalkedonit mefe-mTavarsac Tavis Zalas agrZnobineben.

k. kekeliZes miaCnia, rom asurel mamebs TavianTi moRvaweoba monastrebis

saSualebiT ganuxorcielebiaT _ ̀ araviTari sabuTi imisa, rom CvenSi egreT

wodebuli aTcamet mamaTa mosvlamde monastrebi am sityvis namdvili mniS-

vnelobiT yofiliyo, ar arsebobs. pirvelad monastrebi CvenSi daaarses

aRniSnulma mamebma...~108 Zveli mwerlis, basili vaCesZes azriTo, wers k.

kekeliZe, àTcamet asurel mamebma imdeni niSi da sakvirvelebani aCveneso,

imaT rom berZenTa Soris hqonoda adgili, ̀ ZliTmca aRsaricxvel werilebs

Seqmnidnen~, ese igi daswerdnen amis Sesaxeb, CvenSi ki aravin izruna amisaTvis,

vinaidan `naTesavni qarTvelTa aris martiv da amasTan litonicao~.109

sarwmunoebis ganmtkiceba yofila asureli mamebis umTavresi damsaxure-

ba. monazoni makrine, romelic zogadad gamoxatavs eklesiis Tvalsazriss,

wers, asurelma mamebma `ganamtkices da ganaaxles ninos mier qadagebuli

sarwmunoeba~.110


ninos mier qadagebuli sarwmunoebis aRdgena mTavari damsaxureba yofila

sirieli mamebisa. ̀ amitom ufro damajerebeli Cans tradiciul Tvalsazriss

Tanxvedrili mosazreba iv. javaxiSvilisa, romlis Tanaxmadac, asureli mame-

bi swored diofizitebi unda yofiliyvnen da swored qalkedonelTa (di-

ofizitTa) poziciebis gansamtkiceblad unda gamomgzavrebuliyvnen mZafri

religiuri winaaRmdegobebis asparezad qceul saqarTveloSi. am SemTxvevaSi

maTi moRvaweobis savsebiT logikur Sedegad warmoisaxeba VII saukunis

damdegs qarTuli eklesiis mkveTri Sebruneba diofizitobisaken~.111

marTalia, monofizitobis batonobas ramdenime aTeuli wlis ganmavloba-

Si VI saukunis manZilze da VII saukunis dasawyisSi qarTul eklesiaze

Tavisi kvali dautovebia, magram sazogadod qarTveli eris simtkicisa da

mdgradobis gamo saqarTveloSi mwvaleblobas ver gaumarjvnia, rasac siamayiT

aRniSnavdnen kidec qarTveli moRvaweni.

`unda iTqvas, rom qarTveli eris sarwmunoebrivi istoriis ganviTarebis

Sesaxeb VIII s-dan moyolebuli, metadre ki X-XI saukuneebSi rom saboloo

Camoyalibebuli mkacri e.w. marTlmadidebloba gabatonda. am xanaSi am

sakiTxis warsulzedac garkveuli ucilobel WeSmaritebad miCneuli moZRvreba

CamoinakvTa da dakanonda. am debulebiT sxvagan Tu qristianoba mravalg-

zis Selaxula mwvaleblobisagan da araerTxel da ara erTgan esa Tu is

mwvalebloba gabatonebula kidec, saqarTveloSi xalxma pirveliTgan miRe-

buli qadageba da moZRvreba viTomc ucvlelad da SeubRalavad daicva,

mwvalebloba saqarTveloSi mas arasdros ar SeuSvia da marTlmadideblo-

bisaTvis ar uRalatia~,112 _ wers mecnieri. Zveli qarTveli moRvaweni ar

malavdnen da ar aferadebdnen eklesiis mdgomareobas aRniSnul periodSi,

magaliTad, giorgi mcire, romelsac Tavis TxzulebaSi mohyavs giorgi mTaw-

mindelis sityvebi _ `raJams erTgzis gYcnobies, arRara midrekil varT

marcxul gina marjul~. arc imas malavs da aRiarebs, rom `queyanaA Cueni

Sors iyo queyanisagan saberZneTisa da viTarca Teslni arawmidani Soris

Cuensa daTesul iyvnes borotni igi Teslni somexTani~, `amis mier friad

guevneboda, rameTu naTesavi Cueni wrfel iyo da umankoA, xolo igini (e. i.

somexni) reca mizeziTa wesierebisaATa, cTunebad guazmnobdes da romeln-

ime wignnica guaqundes maTgan (e.i. somxuridan) Targmnilni~.113 giorgi mcire

gulisxmobs VI saukunisa da VII saukunis garkveul periodebSi monofiz-

ituri mwvaleblobis, anu somxuri eklesiis momZlavrebas qarTul eklesi-

aze. misi azriT, `pirveliTganve guaqundes werilnica da sarwmunoebaO

WeSmariti da marTali~, romelnic Semdgom amRvreula monofizitobis mwvale-

blobis momZlavrebiT qarTlSi da IV-V saukuneebSi berZnuli enidan mar-

Tlad Targmnilni wmida wignebi monofizitTa gamo VI-VII saukuneebSi somx-

uridan uTargmniaT anda SeusworebiaT.


asureli mamebis Rvawlic is yofila, rom qarTuli eklesiisTvis Tavidan

aucilebiaT didi safrTxe monofizitobis anu, rogorc maSin uwodebdnen,

somxuri sarwmunoebis aRiarebisa.

èpistoleTa wignis~114

mokle Sinaarsi

1. èpistoleTa wigni~ iwyeba curtavis episkopos moses epistoleTi vr-

Tanes qerdolisadmi, romelic somxeTis kaTalikosis adgilis mcveli iyo.

mose acnobebs vrTaness, rom is siyrmisas misula curtavis saepiskoposoSi,

romlis mowafedac iTvleboda. iq iswavla qarTuli da somxuri mwignobro-

ba, Semdeg pitiaxSis karis saydris moZRvari gaxda. Semdeg mose acnobebs _

axlaRa mivxvdi, rom sarwmunoebrivi TvalsazrisiT `...qarTvelT mxolod

mwvaniT Seferili foTlebi hqoniaT~ (gv.2). qarTvelebio, wers is, im unayofo

da xSirfoTlian leRvis xes hgvanan, romelzedac ufalma nayofi ver

hpova foTlebis gardao. àseve eseni kacTa mosawoneblad cdilobdnen

mTeli msaxureba srulad da savsebiT warmoedginaT. xolo roca SevityveT

qalkedonis krebis uriuli gansazRvrebis gandideba... xma avimaRleT da

mteri gavxdiT kaTalikosad wodebulisa, yvela mTavrisa da im qveynisa da

bolos videvne...~ (gv.2). axla, radganac somxeTis sakaTalikoso taxti Tavis-

ufalia, Tqven gacnobebT im (e.i. qarTvelTa) qveynis daRupvas. amJamad devni-

li, aragawis mTis Ziras erT-erT monasterSi vimyofebi. me mivwere cur-

tavis eklesiis somxurenovan samwysos, Tqvenc inebeT da miswereTo.

mose episkoposis epistoledan naTlad Cans, rom is curtavs qarTvelTa

qveynad miiCnevs, curtavelebs ar acalkevebs qarTvelebisgan, romelTac

unayofo leRvis xes adarebs. curtavis eklesias warmoadgens mTlianobaSi

qarTul eklesiasTan, romlis garegani mxare, misi azriT, mSvenieria, xolo

Sinaganad unayofoa. garda amisa, qarTvelebi yovelgvar saeklesio wess

mTeli sisavsiT aRasruleben, magram esec kacTa mosaCveneblad ariso. mose

sTxovs vrTaness, rogorc aRvniSneT, rom man werili misweros curtavis

somxurenovan samwysos. curtavis somxurenovani samwyso erovnebiT somx-

uri rom yofiliyo, maSin srulebiT ar iqneboda saWiro aRniSvna maTi

somxurenovnebisa, pirdapir sTxovda, werili miswere curtavel somxebso,

magram werils sweren ara somxebs, aramed somxurenovan qarTvelebs, e.i.

somxuri saeklesio enisa da qarTuli dedaenis mqone qarTvelebs. Targmani

`somxurenovani~ mTlad zusti ar aris. Zalze Znelia misi qarTulad gad-

moReba, aq igulisxmeba somxuri mwignobrobis mqone da aseve somxuri mRvdelm-

saxurebis mqone adgilobrivi qarTveloba. pirobiTad SeiZleba `somxuren-

ovanad~ iTargmnos Sesabamisi somxuri termini, Tumca, SeiZleboda ̀ somxuri

wignis mqonedac~ Targmniliyo. es `somxuri wignis mqone~ an `somxureno-

vani~ qarTvelebi wmida grigolis taxtis erTgul mrevlad miaCniaT. mou-


lodneli ar aris da ase iyo TiTqmis mTeli Suasaukuneebis manZilze, roca

erT romelime xalxs mRvdelmsaxureba hqonda ara dedaenaze, aramed ucxo

enaze. cxadia, maTi wignebic ucxoenovani iyo. magaliTad, germanelebs mRvdelm-

saxureba hqondaT ara mSobliur germanul, aramed ucxo laTinur enaze,

maTi wignebic laTinurenovani iyo. amitomac maTTvis SeiZleboda `laT-

inurenovanni~ ewodebinaT.

2. vrTanes qerdoli pasuxad moses aqebs, amxnevebs da acnobebs, rom man

werili miswera ̀ somxurenovan~ mrevls (igulisxmeba an curtavSi, an mTel

saqarTveloSi).

3. èpistoleTa wignSi~ motanilia mose episkoposis sayovelTao epis-

tole curtavis eklesiis `somxurenovani~ Temisadmi, romelSic is gmobs

qalkedonitobas. rodesac is `daemorCila~ imaT, romelTac misi episko-

posad kurTxeva undodaT da ̀ ismina maTi mowodeba~, roca episkoposi gaxda,

uecrad `Seeyara gmobas~ _ `...davemorCileT da gulmodgined vismineT mo-

wodeba, risTvisac uecrad SeveyareT gmobas rasme...~ (gv.7), anu qalkedonito-

bas. meo, _ wers is, _ ver SevZeli dumiliT damefara sneba _ `...ris gamo

aRviZariT kidec, amis gamo mtrad viqeciT yovelTa. ramdenadac vamxileT,

imdenad ufro dagvemuqrnen mRvdelmTavarni da mTavarni, vidre ar gam-

aZeves~ (gv. 8). Zalze sayuradReboa, rom mose curtavis erT kuTxeSi amxels

qalkedonitobas da mas maSinve myisierad daemuqrnen sruliad qarTlis

mTavrebi da episkoposebi, mTeli qveyana mtrad gadaekida. aqedan unda

davaskvnaT, rom curtavi qarTlis ganuyofeli nawilia. ̀ ...xma avimaRleT da

mteri gavxdiT kaTalikosad wodebulisa, yvela mTavrisa da im qveynisa da

bolos videvne~ (gv.2).

mose afrTxilebs Tavis `somxurenovan~ mrevls, frTxilad iyos. `qurdu-

lad Semoacoces da SemoiRes mwvalebloba...~ (gv. 11). ̀ aw ese yoveli viciT

ra, sayvarelno, viaroT sameufeo gziT, nurc marjvniv gadavuxvevT da nurc

marcxniv~ (gv. 12).

4. èpistoleTa wignSi~ motanilia epistole, romelsac saTaurad aqvs

`mizezi orbunebianTa meoTxe krebisa, mose qarTvelTa marTlmadidebeli

episkoposisa~ (gv. 15). am saTauridanac Cans, rom mose curtaveli episkopo-

si aris monofiziti, anu ̀ marTlmadidebeli~, radgan somxebi ase uwodebdnen

monofizitebs. amasTanave, rac aRsaniSnavia, mose aris erovnebiT qarTvelTa

episkoposi. mas uwodeben `mose qarTvelTa marTlmadidebel episkoposs~.

aqedanac Cans, rom curtavis ̀ somxurenovani~ Temi qarTvelebis Temia, oRond

am qarTvelebs somxuri tipikoni aqvT miRebuli, isini saeklesio daniS-

nulebisTvis somxur wignebs xmaroben, amitomac `somxurenovanni~ arian.

TviT somxuri eklesia maT qarTvelebad miiCnevs da ara somxebad, amitomac

maTi episkoposi mose `qarTvelTa~ episkoposia. es aris ueWveli faqti,

dadasturebuli pirvelxarisxovan wyaroSi _ èpistoleTa wignSi~, amito-

mac am faqtis ignorireba ar SeiZleba.


5. mose episkoposma miiRo sapasuxo epistole `somxurenovanTagan~, anu

rogorc TavianT Tavs uwodeben, ̀ Zmobisagan~, isini, kerZod, SesCivian mas,~ _

... xolo Tu ara, CvenTvis sxva Rone ar aris: an unda davrCeT am qveyanaSi

da amis survilisamebr moviqceT, an davtovoT da ganvecaloT~ (gv. 31). e.i.

an kirionis survilisamebr unda moviqceT, an gavecaloT am mxareebso. unda

vifiqroT, rom es `Zmebi~ somxurenovani Temis sasuliero meTaurebi arian

da swored es `Zmebi~. ramdenime kaci apirebs saqarTvelos datovebas da

ara mTeli somxurenovani Temi.

6. vrTanes qerdolmac miswera werili somxurenovan Tems. is swers

`...savaneTa xucesebs, soflis mRvdlebs, aznaurebsa da glexebs, moxucebsa da

yrmebs. yvela da yovel eriskacs mag somxurenovani qveynebisas, romelnic

xarT curtavis eklesiis ganmgeblobaSi~ (gv. 32). aqedan Cans, rom curtavis

eklesiaSi unda vigulisxmoT ara daba curtavis erTi romeliRac eklesiis

mcirericxovani samwyso, aramed curtavis eklesia yofila centri mraval-

ricxovani ̀ somxurenovani~ Temisa, romelSic Sedian ̀ qveynebi~ (da ara erTi

qveyana), savaneebi, soflebi, aznaurebi, glexebi da a.S. es aris samxreT-

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos somxuri tipikonis mqone qarTuli mosaxleoba,

xolo roca mose episkoposs `Zmobam~ miswera, an kirionis survilebs unda

davemorCiloT, an qveyana unda davtovoTo, aq igulisxmeba. rom qveynis

datovebas apirebs ara mTeli ̀ somxurenovani~ Temi, aramed swored ̀ Zmoba~,

anu am Temis sasuliero meTaurebi. mTel ̀ somxurenovan~ Tems, cxadia, qvey-

nis datoveba ar SeeZlo, maSin mTeli samxreT-aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo

mkvidri mosaxleobisgan, anu qarTvelebisgan daicleboda.

vrTanesi wers, rom somex-qarTvel-albanel episkoposTa gaerTianebul

krebas Tavis droze saSineli wyevliT aRmoufxvria qalkedonitoba, axla

ki kirioni Tavis episkoposebTan da mTavrebTan erTad qalkedonitobas

iwynarebs da ganadidebso. gvesma Tqvens Sesaxebac, rom Tqven Tavdadebuli

xarT marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebisaTvis (anu monofizitobisaTvis), romelic

Tqvens qveyanas dasabamiTve Seuwynarebiao.

7. vrTanes qerdols upasuxeben `somxurenovanni~. isini, sxvaTa Soris.

sityva ̀ qarTls~ ar xmaroben, xolo TiTqosda kavkasiis im mxareSi, romelSic

isini cxovroben, swori sarwmunoeba wmida grigolis mier yofila daner-

gili. Cans, es pasuxi dawerilia ara mTeli Temis, aramed misi sasuliero

xelmZRvanelebis, ̀ Zmebis~ mier. isini natroben, rom somxuri eklesiis meTau-

rma `...mohkiTxos cTunebul Cvens qveyanas..., radgan mandedan daxmarebisa da

zurgis gareSe SeuZlebelia yofna _ iseT mZlavr amays, romelic mamamTavrad

iwodeba, SevyrilvarT, Tu ara, unda davtovoT es qveyana da wavideT~. qveynis

datovebasa da wasvlas apirebs ara `somxurenovani~ Temi, aramed ramdenime

kaci, msgavsni mose episkoposisa, romelnic TavianT Tavs mTeli Temis meTau-

rebad acxadeben da aseTi saxis epistoleebs agzavnian (gv. 34).


8. mose episkoposi meore epistoles ugzavnis vrTanes qerdols, sadac

iTxovs, rom vrTanesma Sesabamisi werilebi misweros kirions, qarTlis

mTavrebs _ atrnersesa, vahansa da buzmihrs _ ̀ qalkedonis krebis mxilebiT

da erTi davalebis wigni _ petres~. petre _ qarTveli monofiziti episko-

posia, amitomac mas qalkedonis krebis `mxilebis~ wigni ar unda mieweros

_ aramed ̀ davalebis wigni~. petre qarTveli episkoposi valdebulia davaleba

Seasrulos. kirionis Sesaxeb wers, rom `...igic mag wmida saydris mowafea~

_ e.i. somxuri eklesiisa. aseve wers: `...albaneTidan qarTlis qveynamde Cven

gvxvda wilad Segvesrulebina saxareba qristesi...~, viTomda mTeli amierkavka-

sia somxuri eklesiis kerZia.

9. vrTanesi upasuxebs moses, rom man werilebi dawera qarTlis kaTali-

kosisa da mTavrebisadmi. zogierTi werilis gagzavna Tavisi kacis xeliT

ver gabeda an ver SeZlo, amitomac sTxovs moses, werilebi waiRos misma

kacma. Tu uaryofiTi pasuxebi mogvivao, wers, maSin ̀ ...ubrZane Tqvens nacnob

da sayvarel mTavrebs, mosweron Cveni qveynis didebul mTavrebs, rom Cven

TviTon wavideT amaTi brZanebiT da qriste RmerTis SewevniT vamxiloT,

raTa gamoswordnen~. Tu ar gamoswordebian, Cven fexTa mtvers mivayriT,

movaleoba moxdili gveqnebao. aqedan Cans, rom vrTanessa da somex ierar-

qebs ufleba ara aqvT qarTlSi Casvlisa, guliTac rom moiwadinon, albaT,

politikuri situaciis gamo. is aseTi xerxiT apirebs qarTlSi Casvlas da

qarTvelTa `mxilebas~: _ moses nacnobma da megobarma qarTvelma mTavrebma

unda misweron somex mTavrebs, rom somex ierarqebs qarTlSi Casvlis

uflebas aZleven. Cans, qarTlSi iseTi mTavrebic arian, romelnic mego-

broben mosesTan, anu uTanagrZnoben monofizitebs (gv. 38).

10. qarTvel monofizit episkopos petres swers vrTanes qerdoli, uwodebs

`RvTivmomadlebul pativiT gabrwyinvebul didebul ufal petres~ (gv. 38).

— `...Tqvens qveyanaSi ganadideben am krebas, ris gamoc mag qveynis erTi

episkoposi ltolvili wavida... xolo Tqven rogorc miiReT RmerTis qoma-

goba Tqvens Tavze, aseve mtkiced ideqiT mag saqmis aRsrulebamde...~ (gv. 39).

aqedan Cans, rom qarTveli episkoposi petre monofizitobis qomagia qarTvelTa

qveyanasa da eklesiaSi. vrTanesi avalebs petres, raTa petrem misweros

somex mTavrebs, rom maT somex ierarqebs qarTlSi Casvlis neba darTon.

11. kirion kaTalikoss, qarTvel episkoposebsa da mTavrebs swers vrTanes

qerdoli, _ `...exla SevityveT, rom Tqven qalkedonis usjulo krebasa da

leonis tomars marTlmadideblurad da didebis Rirsad TvliT~ (gv. 41).

`Tqvenma RvTismoyvarebam ar unda miiRos meti visime moZRvreba, Tu ara

sami wmida da wrfeli krebisa... amaze meti sarwmunoebis sazRvari Cvensa da

Tqvens mamebsa da moZRvrebs ar SeuwynarebiaT~ (gv. 41) da a. S. ̀ ukeTu raime

eWvi gaqvT gulSi da mis Sesaxeb gsurT gamoikvlioT, moswereT Cveni

qveynis didebul mTavrebs, raTa movideT mand~ (gv. 43).


12. mose episkoposi mesame epistoles ugzavnis vrTanes qerdols. auwyebs,

rom kirionTan Tqveni epistoles mitana jer veravin gabeda, Semdeg, roca

miutanes da waikiTxa, aRivso risxviT, feri ecvala, ̀ wyevlida, aginebda da

aTrevda somxeTs da werilis pasuxi arc TviT dawera da arc sxvebs daaw-

erinao~ (gv. 43). imuqreboda, am werils ̀ ierusalimis qalaqis mamamTavarTan

wavaRebineb, rom pasuxi gasceso~. kirions imitom surda ierusalimSi somex-

Ta werilis gagzavna, rom eklesia sazogadod ierusalimis sjulieri daqvem-

debarebis qveS miaCnda, Tumca, marTalia, 554 wlis Semdeg somxurma ekle-

siam oficialurad gawyvita kavSiri deda-berZnul eklesiasTan.

Cans, 506-520-iani wlebis somxur-qarTul-albanuri gaerTianebuli krebeb-

is Semdeg somxeTi am krebebis gadawyvetilebebis Sesrulebas daJinebiT

moiTxovs sarwmunoebrivi TvalsazrisiT, samagierod imave krebebis gadaw-

yvetilebis Sesrulebas kirioni moiTxovs ierarqiul-sulieri daqvemde-

barebis TvalsazrisiT, anu Tu somxeTi iTxovs am krebebis sarwmunoebrivi

kursi daicvas, kirioni moiTxovs, am krebebis mier gamotanili dadgenileba

msoflio eklesiasTan kavSiris Sesaxeb daicvas somxurma eklesiam.

13. vrTanesi upasuxebs moses: Seni werilidan Sevityve, Tu ratom ar gamca

kirionma pasuxi. qarTvel aznaurTagan ki zogierTebma pasuxi momweres. ma-

gram maTi pasuxi sneuli, mbodavi avadmyofis laparaks gavs, romelmac ar

icis, ras ambobs. isini mweren, _ `...Cven es sarwmunoebaca gvaqvs da egeco,

sjuls aqac veziarebiT da mandaco, moses Tu surs, movides, Cvens kaTalikoss

daemorCilos, radgan Cven ase mogvwons, da Tavisi adgili daikavoso~ (gv. 45).

qarTveli aznaurebis pasuxidan naTlad Cans, rom SeiZleba qarTveli

mmarTveli zedafenisTvis sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebis sakiTxi mniSvnelovani

ar aris, magram isini sisxlxorceulad dainteresebulni arian qarTuli

eklesiis damoukideblobiT. qarTvel aznaurebs monofizitoba imdenad ain-

teresebT, ramdenadac is politikasTan aris dakavSirebuli, kerZod, monofiz-

itoba somxuri eklesiis xelSi iqca iaraRad, romlis saSualebiTac is

apirebs qarTuli eklesiis, an misi romelime nawilis daqvemdebarebas somx-

urisadmi. aseTi politikis mkveTri mowinaaRmdegeni arian qarTveli aznau-

rebi. isini sarwmunoebrivi, ase vTqvaT, ganurCevlobis Tu zomierebis gamo

mzad arian ukanve miiRon mose curtavis episkoposi, ar Seexon mis monofiz-

itobas da daubrunon mas saepiskoposo taxti, oRond erTi pirobiT _ monofiz-

iti mose ganuxrelad unda daeqvemdebaros qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs. mis

sarwmunoebriv Sexedulebas aravin Seexeba, qarTuli eklesiis erTianobis

darRvevis da decentralizaciis uflebas ki ar miscemen.

pasuxidan SeiZleba gavigoT, rom curtavi da misi samwyso qarTlSia da

mis samwysos qarTvelebi Seadgenen, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sparsTa mier

qveynis dapyrobis dros, curtavsa da mis samwysoze ufleba ar eqnebodaT

qarTvel aznaurebs, da agreTve is, rom qarTlSi marTlac fexi aqvs mok-


idebuli henotikonis mimdevar, anda monoTelitobis magvar sarwmunoebriv

Sexedulebas, es aris qalkedonitebisa da monofizitebis Semrigebluri

politika _ `Cven es sarwmunoebaca gvaqvs da egec, sjuls aqac veziarebiT

da mandac~, e.i. Cven qalkedonitebic varT da monofizitebic erTdroulado.

erTi wamiT SeiZleba vifiqroT, monoTelitobis samSoblo fazisis qveyana

saqarTveloa, xolo misi lideri kirionia. Tumca, kirioni ZiriTadad mainc

mebrZoli qalkedonitia, rac misi Semdgomi epistoleebidan Cans, is mxolod

uTmobs monofizitebs, radganac, Cans, qarTlSi mravali qarTveli monofiz-

iti cxovrobs, gansakuTrebiT samxreT mxareebSi. qarTveli erisa da ek-

lesiis erTianobisaTvis umjobesad miaCniaT daTmoba.

Semdgom vrTanesis epistole eZRvneba sarwmunoebriv sakiTxebs, kerZod,

is wers. `...im mizezebis Sesaxeb, ris gamoc xelaxla daamtkices... qalkedo-

nis kreba, romelic aRmofxvra keTilmsaxurma zenonma SemaerTebeli wer-

iliT da amis Semdeg... anastasim~ (gv. 46).

anastasis Semdeg bizantiis imperatori gamxdara iustine. man brZaneba

gasca, `...daemtkicebinaT maTgan darRveuli leonis tomari da qalkedonis

kreba. Tu vinme gabedavda mefis brZanebas winaaRdgomoda, maxviliTa da sxva-

dasxva tanjviT amoewyvitaT, maSinve yvela eklesia sisxliT SeiReba...~ (gv. 47).

vrTanesis, anu somxuri eklesiis TvalsazrisiT, TiTqosda qalkedonis

kreba bizantiam oficialurad miiRo VI saukuneSi iustine imperatoris

dros (518-527). `mcire Jamsa epyra mefoba iustines ... gamefda iustiniane~

(gv. 47). iustiniane (527-565) Tavisi mefobis pirvel wlebSi qalkedoniti

yofila, mere TiTqosda monofizitoba miuRia, magram mouklavT. `eTaTbira

mefe Tavis didebulebs, rom aRmofxvran qalkedonis krebis axalsaxiobis

gansazRvreba... maSinve ewia mas mzakvruli sikvdili~. amitomac gavrcelda

qalkedonitobao, _ wers is.

iustinianes dros qarTli sparseTs aqvs dapyrobili. Cans, sparselebi

berZen kaTalikoss qarTlSi Casvlis nebas ar aZleven. bizantias qarTul

eklesiaze xeli aRar miuwvdeba, amis gamo iustiniane nebas aZlevs qarTul

eklesias qarTlSive airCion qarTveli kaTalikosi.

14. am epistoleSi gadmocemulia ̀ kanonebi, romlebic daido dvins, roca

ganzraxva iyo ...somexTa kaTalikosi ganewesebinaT mose kaTalikosis sikvdilis

Semdeg da imjerad dabrkolda~, romlidanac Cans, rom somxeTSi mravlad

yofilan qalkedonitebi _ `exla Cveni qveynidan qalkedonis krebis... maRi-

areblebTan da SemwynareblebTan erTad mravalni eziarnen, zogi nebayof-

ilebiT amao didebismoyvareobis da mliqvnelobis gamo, xolo zogi uneb-

urad...~ (gv. 53).

kanonebi exeba imas, Tu rogor unda miiRon TavianT wreSi is samRvdelo

piri, romelic dagmobs da uaryofs qalkedonitobas.


15. am èpistoleSi~ gadmocemulia `xelwerili, romelic sTxova smbat

vrkanis marzpanma im episkoposebs, romlebic kvlav Seikribnen misi brZa-

nebiT dvins, raTa ganewesebinaT somexTa kaTalikosi...~ (gv. 57).

xelwerilSi somexi episkoposebi gmoben qalkedonis krebas da smbat

marzpanTan erTad wyevlian mas.

16. am ̀ epistoleSi~ moyvanilia ̀ xelwerili, romelic misces abraam somexTa

kaTalikoss somexTa qveynis krebaze maT, romlebic iyvnen romaelTa xe-

lisuflebis qveS mavrikes keisrobis dros~ (gv. 59).

somxuri eklesia orad iyo gayofili, erTi monofizituri nawili sparse-

Tis somxeTSi iyo, xolo bizantiur somxeTSi qalkedonituri somxuri ekle-

sia arsebobda. xosro II-is bizantiaze Setevis Semdgom qalkedonuri somx-

eTi sparseTma daipyro, amitomac taxtze asulma abraam kaTalikosma (607-

615) moiTxova qalkedoniti somexi ierarqebisgan, daedoT xelwerili mis

winaSe. amaT TiTqosda ̀ vedrebiT mogvmarTes, rom SevuerToT isinic qristes

WeSmarit samwysos eklesiis Zmobas da Tqves erTpirad, rom ucvlelad

davicavT... SeviwynareT isini...~ (gv. 60).

17. taxtze asvlisTanave abraam kaTalikoss epistoles ugzavnis mose

curtaveli episkoposi. ulocavs sakaTalikoso taxtze asvlas da somxuri

eklesiis gaerTianebas. mas axarebs qalkedonituri somxuri da monofiz-

ituri somxuri eklesiebis gaerTianeba _ ̀ ...sulieri da xorcieli ganyofis

kvlav SeerTeba~ (gv. 62). somxuri eklesiis SeerTebis Semdeg droao, —

wers mose, _ `SeewioT qristes eklesias, romelic Tanamorwmune da mowafe

iyo Tqveni da axla dasneulebuli gaWirvebaSia~ (gv. 63), _ qarTul ekle-

sias gulisxmobs.

somxuri eklesiis `Tanamorwmunesa da mowafes~ mose episkoposi uwodebs

ara curtavis eklesias, aramed mTel qarTul eklesias, radganac iqve,

qvemoT wers: ìyos Tqven sasiqadulod qristes mimarT, Tu me momecema

madli, rom viqadago qarTlidan albanTa qveynamdis... da esodeni xalxi

SegZino Tqven~ (gv. 64). mas da abraam kaTalikossac miaCniaT, rom somxuri,

qarTuli da albanuri eklesiebi erTian _ erT eklesias Seadgenen, cxadia,

somxebis meTaurobiT. amas saeklesio èrTobas~ uwodeben, sxva epistolee-

bidan es kargad Cans. mose qarTuli eklesiisadmi ̀ Sewevnis~ Semdeg RonisZ-

iebebs CamoTvlis: _ `locviT... Tqveni gamrje moZRvrebiT da mag didebul

mTavarTa SemweobiT~ (gv. 63). qarTuli eklesiis damorCilebas apireben

sparseTis moxele somexi mTavrebis SemweobiT _ `...vecadoT movaqcioT is

uarmyofeli da gandgomili xalxi simarTleze da mivawioT imave baks erTi

mwyemsisa~ (gv. 63). moses miaCnia da Seaxsenebs abraams, rom qarTuli ekle-

sia, Turme, somxur eklesiasTan erTad erT `bakSi~ yofila gaerTianebuli

da erTi `mwyemsi~ hyolia. cxadia, aq igulisxmeba ara erTi msoflio qris-

tianuli samwyso da erTi mwyemsi _ ufali ieso qriste, aramed somxurqris-

tianuli `baki~ da somexi `mwyemsi~, somxuri eklesia da misi kaTalikosi.


18. abraam kaTalikosi moses swers pasuxs, romlidanac Cans, rom abraami

marto somxeTis eklesiiT ar kmayofildeba. Tavisi Tavi qarTlsa da alba-

neTze RvTis gangebis aRmsruleblad miaCnia. is sTxovs moses, ilocos misTvis,

raTa misces RmerTma Zala, `...raTa sisruliT vaCvenoT misi gangeba Cveni

qveynis mimarT. aseve qarTlisa da albaneTis qveynisac~ (gv. 65). aCqarebs moses,

rom mivides abraamTan _ `sanam ufali smbati aqaa, viswrafoT...~ (gv. 66).

smbat marzpani sparseTis didmoxelea, mefesTan daaxloebuli, sagangebod

gamogzavnili somxeTsa da amierkavkasiaSi saeklesio sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad,

davalebuli aqvs, yvela eklesia sparsuli orientaciisa gaxdes, anu monofiz-

ituri. es aris epoqa sparseTis bizantiaze gamarjvebisa, bizantielebi

ganidevnen bizantiuri somxeTidan da aRmosavleT amierkavkasiidan, amis

gamo smbatma miaRwia somxur-qalkedonuri eklesiis ganadgurebas da warma-

tebiT gaaerTiana eklesia prosparsul-monofizitur niadagze. amis Semdeg

ki somex ierarqebs imedi aqvT, sparseTis ZaliT, anu smbatis SemweobiT aseve

mospoben qalkedonitobas qarTlsa da albaneTSi da iseve aRadgenen am-

ierkavkasiis saeklesio erTobas, romelic arsebobda VI saukunis I naxe-

varSi 70-ian wlebamde.

19. somexTa kaTalikosi abraami pirvel epistoles ugzavnis kirions _

qarTlis kaTalikoss, mimarTavs pativiscemiT _ `siwmidis moyvare ufals,

kirion qarTlis kaTalikoss~. Semdeg pirdapir wers, `winaT Cvenma mamamTa-

varma mosem mogwera Tqven braldeba Tqveni ziarebis gamo maTTan, romlebT-

anac ara jer iyo, Tqvenc weriliT da mcnebiT ikisreT, rom ar ganSorde-

bodiT ziarebas Cveni qveynis saerTo sarwmunoebasTan~ (gv. 66). aRsaniSnavia

abraamis toni, is damoukidebeli eklesiis meTaurs wers braldebas, adana-

Saulebs, avaldebulebs, rom ar unda ganSordes maT. kirionsac TiTqosda

Tavi daucavs, ̀ weriliTac da mcnebiT~ daudasturebia, rom erTguli iqneba

da ar ganSordeba im sarwmunoebas, romelic somxur eklesias aqvs. aseTi

mdgomareoba ar aris gasakviri sparsTa zegavlenis gamo.

Semdeg abraami wers, _ `axla ki uborotesma da umZimesma ambavma moawia.

sarwmunoebis erTobasa da orTave Cveni qveynis maspinZlobas curtavis eklesia

uryevi SuamavlobiT icavda... amJamad curtavis episkoposi devnilia~ (gv. 67).

abraams sikvdilze uaresad miaCnia somxurenovani saeklesio msaxurebis

nacvlad mSobliuri qarTulenovani msaxurebis danergva qvemo qarTlis

centr curtavSi. ̀ ...somxuri msaxureba wmida SuSanikisgan dadgenili, mesmis,

rom SegicvliaT, Cven sikvdilze ufro uborotesad miviCnieT eg saqme~ (gv.

67). aqedanac Cans, rom curtavSi somxurenovani msaxureba qristianobis

miRebis Semdeg, e. i. IV saukunidan ki ar iyo danergili, aramed V saukunis

bolodan, an VI saukunis dasawyisidan, wmida SuSanikis saflavze eklesiis

aSenebis Semdgom. yovel SemTxvevaSi curtavis eklesiaSi somxurenovani

msaxureba wmida SuSanikis dadgenilad iTvleboda. magram abraamis epis-


tole Seexeba ara mxolod curtavis eklesias, aramed mTlian qarTul

eklesias. qarTul eklesias is somxur eklesiaze xelSekrulebiT dakav-

Sirebulad miiCnevs. kirions bralad sdebs sparseTis mefis kavadis dros

am eklesiaTa Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebis darRvevas. _ ̀ TumcaRa mefe-

Ta mefis kavadis wlebSi kvleva-Zieba iqmna Cvens qveyanasa da romaelTa

Soris, romelTac qalkedonis kreba... Seiwynares, Cveni da Tqveni qveynebis

moZRvarni da mTavarni ganeSornen maTTan ziarebas, rac erTobis wigniTac

aris daculi Cven Soris aqamomde~ (gv. 67).

kavad I-is dros (488-531) qarTlisa da somxeTis qveynebis mTavrebi da

eklesiebis ierarqebi Sekrebilan, maT daudviaT `erTobis wigni~ _ es aris

aRTqma an xelSekruleba, werilobiTi dokumenti, romelic daculia abraa-

mis drosac. es xelSekruleba daudviaT maSin, roca saberZneTis imperias

qalkedonitoba uRiarebia. aq ar igulisxmeba 506 wlis dvinis krebis

xelSekruleba, radganac am droisaTvis TviT am polemikaSi monawile somexi

ierarqebis mtkicebiT, bizantia iyo ara qalkedonituri, aramed monofiz-

ituri, aqeben am drois imperator anastasis (491-518), romlis drosac

Catarda 506 wels dvinis kreba. ara marto anastasi, aramed misi winapari

zenonic (474-491) didad saqebia somxuri eklesiisTvis, radganac zenonsa

da anastasis monofizitebad acxadeben.

somexi polemistebis azriT, bizantia qalkedonuri gaxda imperator ius-

tines dros (518-527). swored am dros, e.i. roca bizantiam `qalkedonis

kreba Seiwynara~, sparseTis mefe kavad I-is epoqaSi Semdgara somex-qarTvelTa

antiqalkedonuri erTobis kreba 518 wlidan 531 wlamde, e.i. anastas keis-

ris Semdgom kavadis sicocxleSive _ iustines dros.

518-531 wlebSi Catarebuli kreba da ara 506 wlis kreba aris somxur-

qarTuli eklesiebis sarwmunoebrivi erTobis kreba. 506 wlis kreba orga-

nizaciuli sakiTxebis mosagvareblad unda mowveuliyo.

abraami mouwodebs kirions, ar inebos, rom `...ucxooba Camoagdos or

qveyanas Soris...~ (gv. 67). `or qveyanas Soris~, cxadia, qarTli da somxeTi

igulisxmeba da ara somxeTi da curtavi. is wers: ̀ aqedan mcxeTaSi midiod-

nen da mandedan wmida kaTolikes modiodnen~, e. i. sarwmunoebrivi erToba

arsebobda. es erToba werilobiT dokuments _ mamaTa mier dadebul SeT-

anxmebas efuZneboda, somxurenovani msaxurebis SecvliT erToba irRveva.

abraami kirions swers, rom apirebs qarTlSi gagzavnos somexi episko-

posebi, raTa maT kirions gaacnon qalkedonis krebis `vneba~.

Semdeg politikur danaSaulSi sdebs brals, _ `...aris raRac, romelic

daujereblad gveCvena: ucxo samefosTan rom Seqmna mefeTa mefis SinaTa-

ganma siyvarulis erToba da bunebiT Tanamoziares gaSorde, marTlac rom

Zlier mZimea~ (gv. 68).

qarTli am dros sparsTagan dapyrobilia, kirions adanaSauleben imaSi,

rom sparseTis mter bizantiasTan `siyvarulis erToba aqvs~, anu qalkedo-


nizmis gzas adgas, xolo `bunebiT Tanamoziare~ sparsuli orientaciis

somxur eklesias scildeba.

20. kirioni sapasuxo epistoles ugzavnis abraams. pativiscemiT mokiTxvi-

sa da mose somexTa kaTalikosTan urTierTobis aRweris Semdeg exeba

curtavis eklesiaSi somxurenovani msaxurebis sakiTxs, wers, _ `da rom

ewera... somxuri msaxureba Secvliliao, Cven msaxureba ar Segvicvlia, vinc

episkoposi gaxda, qarTuli moZRvrebac icis da somxuric, agreTve, msaxureba

orive mwignobrobiT sruldeba...~ (gv. 70). kirioni wers, rom mas mose curtavis

episkoposi ar udevnia sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobis gamo, _ ̀ me is ar midevnia,

aramed iyo raRac, rac Sevityve mis uRirs saqmeTa Sesaxeb, movuwode CemTan...~.

magram amis magier mose somxeTSi gaqceula.

Semdeg kirioni wers sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb. saerTod aRsaniSnavia, rom

kirioni erideba aSkarad da daufaravad gamoacxados qarTuli eklesiis

qalkedonitobis Sesaxeb, is ufro dums, anda msoflio avtoritetuli ek-

lesiebis sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebis Sesaxeb msjelobiT polemika gada-

aqvs saerTaSoriso saeklesio mdgomareobaze, `Cveni da Tqveni mamebic

mefis monebi iyvnen da ierusalimis sarwmunoeba hqondaT, Cvenc da Tqvenc

agreTve, TumcaRa mefeTa mefis monebi varT, sarwmunoeba ierusalimis gvaqvs

da gveqneba...~ (gv. 7.).

ierusalimis avtoritetis damowmebis Semdeg kirioni aqebs sparseTis

mefes _ `...netarni varT, romlebic mefeTa mefis samsaxurs veweviT, radgan

rac ca da dedamiwa arsebobs, ar yofila arc erTi ufali, romelsac

yoveli tomisaTvis Tavisi kanonebi miendo, rogorc am ufalma miando... Cven

Tavisufal qveyanas ufro metad miando, vidre yvela sxva qveyanas da Cem

keTil Tavs umetesad, vidre yvela Cem moyvasT~ (gv. 71). kirioni iZulebulia

aqos sparseTis mefe, radganac swored sparseTis mefis Ralati, orguloba

daswama abraamma mas I epistoleSi. xosro II-s marTlac am periodisTvis

qristianuli sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba hqonia gamocxa-

debuli 614 wlamde.

`epistoleTa wignis~ gamomcemlis Tanaxmad, kirioni Zalze didi diplo-

matia, marTlac, kirioni gasaocar diplomatiur niWs avlens, roca wers, _

`mefeTa-mefe iseve ufalia romaelTa, rogorc arielTa qveynis da ase ar

aris, rogorc Tqven moiwereT, rom sxvadasxva arian samefonio~ (gv. 72).

aseTi pasuxi srulebiT ayrevinebs far-xmals abraams da amis Semdeg igi

veRar bedavs sparseTis moRalated warmoadginos kirioni. sxvaTa Soris,

kirioni maincadamainc ar aWarbebda _ am periodSi xosro meores sruli

ufleba hqonda, pretenzia ganecxadebina bizantiis samefo taxtze. saqme is

aris, rom mavrike keisari da misi vaJebi daxoca ajanyebulma bizantielma

mxedarTufrosma, romelsac am epistoles dawerisas eomeboda xosro, romelic

iyo mavrike keisris siZe, qaliSvilis qmari.


21. vrkanis marzpani smbati epistoles swers kirion kaTalikoss. smbati

sparseTis mefis didmoxele iyo, erovnebiT somexi, monofiziti. is sparsTa-

gan sagangebod iqna gamogzavnili Tavis samSobloSi, somxeTsa da saerTod

amierkavkasiaSi saeklesio sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad, raTa eklesiebs mi-

eRoT prosparsuli orientacia anu monofizitoba. `...mefeTa-mefem qvelmo-

qmedebiT samSobloSi dagvabruna, sarwmunoebisa da eklesiaTa ukeTesad

wesrigSi moyvana gvibrZana..., radgan iyo raRac, rac gaxmaurda~. smbati

gulisxmobs orad gayofili somxuri eklesiis gaerTianebas, anu somxeTis

erT did nawilSi qalkedonitobis aRmofxvras. sparseTma miaRwia qalkedo-

nuri somxuri eklesiis gardaqmnas da SeuerTa is monofizitur nawils. am

warmatebis Semdeg, smbatis gegmaa, mospos qalkedonitoba qarTul eklesiaSi

da aRadginos amierkavkasiis saeklesio erToba somxeTis meTaurobiT. gaer-

Tianeba smbatis mTavari mizania, ris Sesaxeb is wers kidec: _ `igive

saWirod miviCnieT, rom mogvewera Tqveni siwmidismoyvareobisaTvisac, mog-

veTxro Cveni TqvenTvis, rom Tqven CvenTan SegveerTebine, rogorc Cveni

mamebi iyvnen, radgan erTi moZRvris mowafe da xvedri varT...~ (gv. 74). aq

sarwmunoebrivi gaerTianeba ar igulisxmeba, radgan am dros abraamsac da

smbatsac Tavi ise uWiravT, TiTqosda kirioni monofizitia, yovel SemTxveva-

Si, am epistoles miweris dros kirions jer ar gaumxelia Tavisi qalke-

donitoba. smbati gulisxmobs ara sarwmunoebriv, aramed saeklesio gaer-

Tianebas. smbatis mizania, gaaerTianos qarTul-somxuri eklesiebi ise, rogorc

gaaerTiana orad gayofili somxuri eklesia, ufro metic, qarTuli eklesia

somxurs SeuerTos, _ `Tqven CvenTan SegveerTebine~, amas imiT amarTlebs,

rom TiTqosda orive eklesias erTi ganmanaTlebeli grigoli hyavs _ ̀ erTi

moZRvris mowafe da xvedri varT~. garda amisa, saeklesio erTobas Turme

tradiciac hqonia, Turme es erToba qarTvel da somex saeklesio mamebs

daufuZnebiaT da mamebi gaerTianebulni yofilan, _ `rogorc Cveni mamebi

iyvnen~, qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis erTianoba TiTqosda wina droebSi

am eklesiis mamebis mier yofila dadgenili, xolo kirionis dros erToba

darRveuli yofila. smbati mouwodebs aRadginon erToba, romelic ̀ mamebis~

pirobiTa da mcnebiT yofila dadgenili _ igive piroba Cveni da Tqveni

mamebisa da maTi... mcnebiT~ (gv. 73).

qarTveli da somexi ̀ mamebis~ raRac ̀ pirobis~ damowmeba somexi ierarqe-

bisa da smbat marzpanis mudmivi msjelobis sagania.

amis Semdeg smbati iwyebs sayvedurebs _ pirvel rigSi, misi sayveduri

somxur msaxurebasa da wess Seexeba qarTlSi danergils, romelic kirion-

ma moSala, wers, _ ̀ ...somxuri msaxureba da wesi iyo TqvenSi, xolo SecvliT

mtrobas agdebT Cven Soris~ (gv. 75). marTlac, kirionma curtavSi somxuren-

ovan msaxurebasTan erTad qarTulenovani msaxurebac SemoiRo, magram roca

smbati wers _ `somxuri msaxureba da wesi iyo TqvenSi~, aq TiTqos mTeli


qarTli, qarTuli eklesia igulisxmeba da ara marto curtavi. pirvel

rigSi smbati swored curtavis Sesaxeb wers, magram `TqvenSi~ ufro did

erTeuls unda gulisxmobdes, radganac adresati kirioni ara marto cur-

tavis mamamTavaria, aramed mTeli qarTlisa. sparseTis didmoxele afrTx-

ilebs kirions, ucvlelad datovos curtavSi (qarTlSi) somxurenovani

msaxureba da saeklesio wesi. es gafrTxileba brZanebacaa.

smbats, ise rogorc adre vrTanes qerdolsa da Semdeg abraams, surs,

qarTuli eklesia ufro dabla mdgom eklesiad warmoadginos, sadac Sei-

Zleba somexi episkoposebis gagzavna, romelnic jer Seamowmeben qarTuli

eklesiis siswores. Semdeg ki mis meTaurs swor sarwmunoebas Seaswavlian.

smbati wers, _ `gvsurda episkoposebi qerdolebiTurT gamogvegzavna, rom

SeetyoT mwvalebelTa moZRvreba da ukeTureba, raTa TqvenTvis Seegnebinebi-

naT...~ (gv. 75). qerdoli mecniers, rjulis maswavlebels niSnavs.

22. kirion kaTalikosi sapasuxo epistoles ugzavnis smbat vrkanis marz-

pans. kirionisadmi smbatis wina epistole mimarTuli iyo agreTve qarTveli

episkoposebisa da mTavrebisadmi, pasuxsac kirioni qarTveli episkoposebi-

sa da mTavrebis saxeliT ugzavnis. kirionis pasuxi gamoxatavs rogorc

qarTveli aznaurebis, aseve qarTveli episkoposebis erTobliv azrs. kiri-

oni locavs smbats somxuri eklesiis gaerTianebisTvis da ulocavs sparseTis

mefis am davalebis warmatebiT Sesrulebas. Semdeg atyobinebs, rom warCine-

ba sparsTa mefem misca ara marto smbats, aramed kirionsac. is wers, _

`...iseT warCinebulobas vewie ufalTagan maTi sikeTis gamo, rom yvela

qristiane aRapyrobda xelebs da iTxovda maT ukvdavebas...~ (ge. 77).

Semdeg sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb wers. kirioni eTanxmeba smbats qarTveli da

somexi mamebis erTobis Sesaxeb. es erToba, misi azriT, efuZneboda ierusal-

imis sarwmunoebas. `...Cvensa da Tqvens mamebs saerTo hqondaT mas Semdeg,

rac wmida grigolma marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba daawesa, romelic

ierusalimSi iswavla...~ (gv. 77). aq kirioni umatebs, rom grigolma sarwmu-

noeba iswavla ierusalimSi da ierusalimuri sarwmunoeba `daamtkica~.

smbats misTvis ierusalimuri sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb ar miuweria. kirioni

aqac diplomatiurad upasuxebs _ is iZulebulia sparseTis SiSiT for-

malurad aRiaros is sarwmunoeba, romelic `mamebma (qarTvel da somex

mamaTa gaerTianebulma krebam) miiRes sparseTis nebiT wina epoqaSi, magram

dasZens, rom ̀ mamebis~ mier miRebuli sarwmunoeba ierusalimuri iyo. Cvenco,

brZanebs is, igive sarwmunoeba ucvlelad gvaqvso daculi, `xolo Tu eg

mose sxvanairad iwynarebs, rogorc Cven ar Segviwynarebia, da Tqven gsurT

irwmunoT, Cven magas ar davemorCilebiT, radgan rac ki gviswavlia, ar

davtovebT, vinaidan Cveni eklesiebi ase arian damtkicebulni~.

curtavis eklesiaSi somxurenovani msaxurebis Sesaxeb wers _ `eklesiis

msaxureba ara rigad Segvicvlia, xolo episkoposma, romelic davadgineT,


qarTuli da somxuri mwignobroba Tanabrad icis, samsaxurs orive mwigno-

brobiT asrulebs~ (gv. 78).

epistoles Semdegi nawilidan Cans, rom smbat marzpani qarTlSi Cadioda

xolme da Tayvans scemda mcxeTis jvars, romlis madliTac misi mSoblebis

vedrebiT is gaCenila. is qarTlSive gazrdila da warmatebis gzaze damd-

gara. mose curtavis episkoposis CagonebiT sparseTidan dabrunebis Semdeg

mcxeTis jvris Tayvanissacemad aRar misula, rac swyins kirions. kirioni

locavs mefeTa mefesa da mas.

23. smbat marzpans epistoles ugzavnis mose curtavis episkoposi. es

aris ZiriTadad Tavis marTleba da sayveduri smbatisadmi. wina epistole-

Si kirionma smbats acnoba, rom mas mose sarwmunoebis gamo ar udevnia,

aramed Tavisi codvebis gamo daibara sakaTalikoso karze, mose ki imis

magier, rom damorCileboda, RamiT malulad somxeTSi gaiqca, garda amisa,

mzakvari eniTa da borotmoqmedebiT bevri mavne saqme gaakeTao, _ acnobebs

kirioni. sapasuxod mose swers smbats, _ gamoZieba imisa, Tu risTvis videvne

qarTlidan, iolia, es Tqven advilad SegeZloT SegemowmebinaT, radganac

`somxeTi da qarTli erTmaneTis mosazRvreni arian, aznaurTagan mravalni

da bevrni glexTagan aqedan iq midian da iqidan aq, romelTaganac unda

SegetyoT~ (gv. 80). Semdeg acnobebs, rom is kirionis karze mivida TbilisSi,

kirionma cxra dRe alodina da ar miiRo, Semdeg mcxeTaSi wavida, mose ki

somxeTSi wavida dRisiT da ara RamiTo.

Semdeg acnobebs somxurenovani msaxurebis Sesaxeb, _ `msaxurebac rom

Secvales, cxadia, araepiskoposi nestoriani rom dasves, qarTuli mwigno-

brobac ar icis rigianad, aramcTu somxuri, isic cxadia~ (gv. 82). aqedan

Cans, rom curtavis episkoposis mier qarTuli mwignobrobis codna, bune-

brivia, pirveli rigis codnaa, xolo somxuris codna ufro maRal codnad

miaCndaT. aqedan gamomdinare, mosaxleobis dabalma fenebma qarTuli ena

bevrad ukeT icis, vidre somxuri, radganac qarTuli ena dedaenaa, xolo

somxuri ena saeklesio samsaxuris ena.

24. smbat marzpani pasuxs wers mose curtavis episkoposs _ smbats ar

moswonebia kirion kaTalikosis pasuxi, _ ̀ ...mogvwera crud aseTi momakvdinebeli

sityvebi~ (gv. 83). acnobebs, rom apirebs saswrafod sparseTis mefesTan gamgza-

vrebas, sadac ecdeba, rom sparseTis mefem mose Tavis saepiskoposoSi daabrunos,

kirionis nebis winaaRmdeg. aqedanac Cans, Tu rogor aris qarTuli eklesia

damorCilebuli sparseTis neba-survils. smbati wers _ `exla me friad saCqar-

od karze miwveven, Sen adrec giTxari, rom mivwer-meTqi mefeTa mefes, raTa

keTilad brZanos, rom waxvide Sens eklesiaSi, dajde da Seni sarwmunoebiT

ipyra Seni xalxi~ (gv. 83). sparseTi moses sarwmunoebas ar Seexeba, is sparse-

Tis brZanebiT qarTuli eklesiis monofiziti episkoposi gaxdeba.

moses mowodeba smbatisadmi yofila, _ aeRo maxvili da Serkineboda

yovel qarTls. smbati wers, rom amJamad ar SemiZlia `...aviRo maxvili da


yovel qarTls Severkino~ (gv. 83). smbats amis Zala ar Seswevs imJamad.

magram Tu Tavis pozicias ar daTmoben qarTvelebi, maSin momavalSi daisje-

biano. qarTvelebio, wers is, `...Tu imave sixeles iqnebian da CvenTan erTo-

bisagan ganeSorebian, maSin maTi sisxli ufalma RmerTma maTi Tavisagan

moiZios... Tu daumorCileblobis Sesaxeb SevityobT da ufali RmerTi mar-

jve dros mogvcems, vin icis, iqneb aqve miiRebs sazRaurs RmrTisagan, xor-

ciel ufalTa xeliT~ (gv. 84). marTlac, marTalia, smbatma da sparseTma ver

SeZles qarTuli eklesiis dasja da qarTvelobis `sisxlis~ daRvra dau-

morCileblobis gamo, anu somxur eklesiasTan `erTobis~ darRvevisaTvis

607-609 wlebSi, magram 613-614 wlebSi, ierusalimis aRebis Semdeg, xosro II-

m moiwvia e.w. ̀ sparsuli kreba~, romelsac smbat bagratuni Tavmjdomareob-

da. am krebam gasca umkacresi brZaneba _ sparseTis imperiaSi mcxovreb

yvela qristian ers an ̀ somxuri sarwmunoeba~ unda mieRo, anda daetovebina

imperiis sazRvrebi da sxvagan gadasaxlebuliyo.

25. somexTa kaTalikosi abraami meore epistoles ugzavnis kirion qarT-

lis kaTalikoss. abraami wers, rom misi mizania ara winaaRmdegobis gaRviveba

or eklesias Soris, aramed `...mamaTa sarwmunoebis erToba~ (gv. 85). abraams

ar moswonebia kirionis mier ierusalimis sarwmunoebis damowmeba, _ `...nu

viqadiT mxolod wmida qalaqis ierusalimis didebuli da sapatio saxe-

liT...~ (gv. 85). marTlac, kirionis sruliad logikuri msjelobis Tanaxmad,

marTali, WeSmariti sarwmunoebisgan gadauxvevia swored somxur eklesias,

radganac wmida grigolma Tavisi sarwmunoeba iswavla ierusalimSi, Semoitana

da danerga somxeTSi, Semdeg qarTvel da somex ̀ mamaTa~ erTobam swored es

ierusalimuri sarwmunoeba aRiara swor sarwmunoebad. kirionis dros ki

qarTuli eklesia kvlav erTgulia ierusalimisa da igive sarwmunoeba aqvs,

rac imJamad ierusalimSia danergili. somxuri eklesia ki, piriqiT, uaryofs

ierusalimis sarwmunoebas. aqedan SeiZleba daskvna, rom wmida grigolis-

gan danergil ierusalimur, `mamaTa~ mier damtkicebul sarwmunoebas gada-

uxvia ara qarTulma, aramed somxurma eklesiam.

abraami gaRizianebuli swers kirions ierusalimis Sesaxeb, TiTqosda ieru-

salims `...mosZarcves RvTiuri dideba, gaaSiSvles, samociqulo sarwmunoeba

aRmofxvres da mravali sxvadasxva wvaleba iqadages~ (gv. 85). abraami upasux-

od ar tovebs kirionis msjelobis umTavres azrs, rom `mamaTa~ mier aRebul

gezs gadauxvia ara qarTulma eklesiam, aramed somxurma: _ `Tqven exla rom

qadiliT mogvwereT Cven _ Cvensa da Tqven mamebs wmida grigolma ierusali-

mis sarwmunoeba misca da Cven igive gvaqvso, aba, kargad gamoiZieT da naxeT,

rom Tqvenc da sxvebic mravalni, wmida qalaqis mkvidrebTan erTad, SeicvaleT

misgan, ara Tu igive gaqvT, xolo Cven exlac ierusalimis sarwmunoeba gvaqvs~

(gv. 85-86). amis Semdeg abraami msjelobs zeciuri ierusalimis Sesaxeb, radga-

nac TiTqosda amqveyniur ierusalimSi qalkedonuri sarwmunoeba gavrcelda.


qalkedonuri sarwmunoeba, anu `cduneba~, rogorc mas uwodebs abraami,

`...Cven qveyanaSic Semovida babgen somexTa kaTalikosisa da gabriel qarTvelTa

kaTalikosis dros. erTobiT episkoposebma da aznaurebma dawyevles da

gascildnen... exlac weriliT aris daculi CvenTan~ (gv. 87).

qalkedonitoba qarTlsa da somxeTSi Semosula gabriel qarTvelTa da

babgen somexTa kaTalikosis dros. gabrielis kaTalikosobis TariRi ucno-

bia, babgeni zogierTis azriT, kaTalikosobda 490-516, anda 502/3-507/8 wleb-

Si (gv. 157). s. kakabaZis azriT, is kaTalikosobda 522-527 wlebSi, xolo

gabrieli 522 wels kaTalikosia. azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa im èrTobis~ krebis

Sesaxeb, romelzedac abraami miuTiTebs. zog mecnierTa azriT, Semdgara

ori kreba _ 506 welsa da 513 wlebSi (gv. 157); yuradReba unda mieqces

imas, rom abraami ar wers, ̀ erTobis~ kreba, romelmac qalkedonitoba uaryo,

babgenisa da gabrielis dros Catardao. is wers, rom qalkedonitoba am

kaTalikosebis dros Semovidao, xolo Semdeg, roca es cnobili gaxda,

èpiskoposebma da aznaurebma~ Caatares qarTl-somxeTis saeklesio anti-

qalkedonuri kreba. marTlac, 506 wlis kreba antiqalkedonuri kreba ar

yofila, aramed is ufro ̀ Semrigebluri~ kreba yofila.115 ̀ dvinis 506 wlis

saerTo kavkasiur krebaze qarTlisa da albaneTis eklesiebTan erTad

somxurma eklesiam miiRo zenonis henotikoni da gadaWriT dagmo nestori-

aneloba. amis Semdeg somxurma eklesiam iwyo gadaxra monofizitobisaken,

romlis memarcxene frTa (ivlianitoba) Tavis oficialur sarwmunoebad

gamoacxada dvinis II adgilobriv krebaze (551-554).~ dvinis 506 wlis

krebas daugmia ara qalkedonitoba, aramed nestorianeloba, amitomac, s.

kakabaZis Tvalsazrisi, rom antiqalkedonuri èrTobis~ kreba Catarda 522

wels,116 swori Cans, miT umetes, rom emyareba TviT èpistoleTa wignis~

monacemebs. marTlac, qarTul-somxur-albanuri gaerTianebuli antiqalke-

donuri kreba 520-ian wlebSi unda Catarebuliyo. am dros axali impera-

tori iustine 518 wlidan, wina imperatorisgan gansxvavebiT, mkveTr anti-

monofizitur politikas atarebs, romelsac sparseTma maSinve daupirispi-

ra antiqalkedonitoba.

Semdeg, Tavis epistoleSi abraami iwyebs kirionis darigebasa da swavle-

bas, Tu rogor unda iqceodes is, _ ̀ nu daavaddebiT uarmyofelTa sneulebiT...

ar davisajoT da ar viyoT mamaTa wyevlis qveS, raTa ar davimkvidroT

geena~. ase ̀ arigebs~ abraami kirions da wers, _ ̀ nu miviCnevT damrigeblebs

mtrad da nu viamayebT Cvenda Tavad. nu gamovCndebiT ugonod da uwvrT-

nelad~. kirioni viTomda ùgonoa~, romelsac `wvrTna~ sWirdeba, da sxva

mravali darigebani. roca kirionma gabeda da Tavis III epistoleSi sarwmu-

noebis simboloebi gaugzavna abraams, man Zlier iukadrisa da pasuxic ki

aRar gaugzavna kirions. pasuxad mrgvlivmosavleli epistole gamosca,

romelSic, kerZod, werda, _ ̀ maTi uRmerToeba mesame epistoleTi SevityeT.


siqaduliT gaamayebulebma ar datoves wvaleba, aramed Cvenc Tavisaken

migvdrikes da ufskrulis swavleba gabedes~ (gv. 121).

somxuri da qarTuli eklesiebi, marTlac, araTanabar, uTanasworo mdgo-

mareobaSi rom yofilan, am epistoleebidanac Cans _ somexi kaTalikosi

uflebas aZlevs Tavis Tavs ̀ gawvrTnas~ qarTlis kaTalikosi, am ukanasknel-

isgan `swavlebas~ ki Zalze uxeSad ukadrisoben (cxadia, es sparsTa mier

erTi eklesiis droebiTi aRzevebis gamo xdeboda). garda amisa, qarTuli

eklesiis Sinaur saqmeSi uxeSad ereva _ ukarnaxebs, Tu romeli eniT unda

xdebodes RvTismsaxureba da rogori sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebisa unda

iyos. Tu winaaRmdegobas waawydebian, mzad arian aiRon sparsuli maxvili

da Seution mTlian qarTls.

abraami Tavis meore epistoleSi mose curtavis episkoposis Sesaxebac

wers. kerZod, mas `RvTismosavs~ uwodebs. Semdeg, winadadebas aZlevs kiri-

ons, erTmaneTi naxon ̀ Sens sazRvarSi, ginda CvensaSi~.

qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi kirionis dros mtkiced aris

gansazRvruli.

26. kirioni upasuxebs abraams. pasuxi civi, sxarti, lakonuri da gasa-

ocrad logikuria.

kirioni swers, rom qarTvel da somex ierarqebs Soris `...mSvidoba da

siyvaruli sufevda. erTi wesi da sarwmunoeba hqondaT, miT ufro Cem dros~

(gv. 88). Zneli saTqmelia, ra igulisxmeba saerTo `wesis~ qveS. adre smbati

kirions werda, _ `somxuri msaxureba da wesi iyo TqvenSi~ (ge. 75), Semdeg

abraam kaTalikosma miswera kirions, _ `saerTo RvTismsaxureba dagviTeses

Cven jer netarma wmida grigolma da Semdeg maStocma~ (gv. 93). ras

gulisxmobda kirioni, roca werda `erTi wesi da sarwmunoeba~ hqondaT

Cvens winaprebso, gulisxmobda Tu ara is `saerTo RvTismsaxurebas~, anda

`somxur msaxurebasa da wess~?

unda iTqvas, rom istoriuli faqtebisadmi Tvalis arideba da miCqmalva

iZleva ara dadebiT, aramed uaryofiT Sedegebs. momxdari faqti Tu gamowv-

lilviT ar iqneba gamokvleuli, mraval usiamovnebas gamoiwvevs. zemomoyva-

nili miCqmaluli faqtebi jerac rom mtkivneulia, iqidanac Cans, rom TviT

XX saukunis miwuruls erovnebiT somxebad acxadeben petriwonis monas-

tris aRmSenebel Zmeb bakurianebs, iveronis monastris berebsac ar ascdaT

eWvis Tvali, mTeli mesxeTic viTomda qarTuli ar yofila, aq gavrcelebuli

somxurenovnebis gamo.

am satkivars imiT moevleba, rom Cvenma mecnierebmac iseve, rogorc kiri-

onma, pirdapir unda ganacxadon `erTi wesi da sarwmunoeba~ iyo somxeTsa

da qarTlSi, rogorc smbati wers, _ `somxuri msaxureba da wesi iyo

TqvenSi~. es srulebiT ar aris saTakilo, dasafari da dasamali, sparseTis

nebiT qarTul eklesiaSi nawilobriv, droebiT, 50-70 wlis manZilze qarTu-


lenovan msaxurebasTan erTad somxurenovani msaxurebac iyo danergili:

qvemo qarTli da mesxeTi somxeTTan mezoblobis gamo didi xnis manZilze

somxurenovani darCa (saeklesio TvalsazrisiT) _ ori saukune mainc, e.i.

mosaxleobis dedaena qarTuli ena iyo, radganac am kuTxeTa mosaxleoba

erovnebiT qarTveli iyo, sarwmunoebis ena ki somxuri iyo _ `wesi da

sarwmunoeba~ somxur enaze aResruleboda. Tu am faqts vaRiarebT, maSin

safuZveli gamoecleba n. marisa da sxvaTa mier wamoyenebul Teorias

samxreT saqarTveloSi qalkedoniti somxebis gaqarTvelebis Sesaxeb. am

Teoriam lamis aris qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis Zveli sazRvari

mesxeTSi awyuramde miiyvanos da qarTuli saeklesio kultura _ oSki, bana,

xaxuli, sxva materialuri da sulieri saeklesio simdidreni ucxo eris

kuTvnilebad aqcios.

daufaravad unda vaRiaroT, rom mesxeTSi cxovrobdnen ara qalkedoniti

somxebi, romelnic viTomda Semdeg gaqarTveldnen, aramed `somxurenovani~

qarTvelebi, xolo qvemo qarTlSi cxovrobdnen erovnebiT qarTveli monofiz-

itebi, isinic ̀ somxurenovanni~ saeklesio TvalsazrisiT, anu qarTuli dedaenisa

da somxuri saeklesio enis mqoneni.

kirionis amave epistoledan abraamisadmi Cans, rom qarTlis mamamTavari

somxeTis mamamTavris SeniSvnas `brZanebas~ uwodebs, laparakia mose kaTa-

likosis Sesaxeb. kirioni wers, _ `misi brZanebisamebr ganviSoreT igi

Cvengan~ (gv. 88).

curtavis episkopos moses Sesaxeb wers, _ sanam mas episkoposad vakurTx-

ebdiT, unda eTqva _ me Tqvengan ar miviReb kurTxevas, radgan marTlmorw-

mune ara xaro, _ ̀ magaze adre, romlebic curtavs iyvnen wmida SuSanikidan

moyolebuli... somexTagan da zogni qarTvelTagan, somxeTSi ganswavlulni

mecnierni da moZRvarni iyvnen~. èrTobis~ dros, VI saukunis pirvel naxe-

varsa da Semdgom, qarTvelebi, Turme, somxeTSi iRebdnen swavla-ganaTlebas.

es ar aris gasakviri, am epoqaSi sparsTa mier yovelive bizantiuri akrZa-

luli iyo (iseve rogorc V saukuneSi somxeTSi akrZaluli iyo berZnuli

swavla-ganaTleba da wignebi), amis gamo qarTvelebi iZulebulni iqnebodnen

somxeTSi mieRoT qristianuli ganaTleba, radgan somxeTi im dros qris-

tianuli ganaTlebisa da kulturis erTi mZlavri keraTagani iyo, sakmari-

sia imdroindeli somxuri filosofiis dasaxeleba. gugarqi, anu qvemo qarTli

somxeTs uSualod emezobleboda, gugarqelebma somxuri enac icodnen, amit-

omac somxeTSi ganaTlebis misaRebad maT gamgzavrebas araferi daabrkolebda.

kirioni Semdgom wers _ èrToba iyo qarTvelTa da somexTa Soris da

wmida uflis grigolis mTel samwysoSi erToba iyo ierusalimis sarwmu-

noebasTan, romliTac romaelni cxovroben~ (gv. 90). kirioni roca wers,

èrToba iyo qarTvelTa da somexTa Soriso~, gulisxmobs ara imas, rom

qristianobis SemoRebis droidan IV saukunidan iyo èrToba~ somexTa da


qarTvelTa Soris, aramed imas, rom sarwmunoebrivi da `wesebiT~ erToba

damyarda gabriel da babgen kaTalikosebis Semdeg _ `mamaTa~ krebis gadaw-

yvetilebiT 506-520-iani wlebidan. es ̀ erTiani~, sarwmunoebrivad raRac ̀ uni-

tarulis~ magvari, eklesia am droisaTvis wmida grigolis eklesiad miuCne-

viaT, sarwmunoebrivad is TavisTavadi da damoukidebeli ki ar yofila, aramed

ierusalimze yofila damokidebuli, ierusalimis sarwmunoeba hqonia.

es is msjelobaa ierusalimis sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb, romlis mosmenac ki

ar surs abraams.

`romis mamamTavari wmida petres saydarze zis, aleqsandrieli _ wmida

markoz maxareblis, konstantinopoleli _ wmida ioane naTlismcemlisa117

da ierusalimeli _ uflis Zmis wmida iakobisaze. ra sarwmunoebac maT

epyraT, Cvenc is mogvces, Cven da Cveni mamebi aqamde vicavdiT, exla risTvis

davtovoT igi da Tqven gerwmunoT? sxva marTlmadidebeli episkoposebic,

romelnic uricxvni arian, mefeni da mTavarni da mTeli marTlmadidebeli

qveynebi, yvela eseni rogor unda mivatovoT da Tqven SemogierTdeT?~ (gv.

90). _ kirionis am pasuxidan aSkarad Cans, rom somxeTi moiTxovs, qarTli

mas SeuerTdes sarwmunoebrivad. es ki TavisTavad gamoiwvevda qarTuli

eklesiis mowyvetasa da izolacias msoflio qristianobisagan, radganac

somxeTi faqtobrivad izolirebuli aRmoCnda msoflios qristianobisagan.

kirions rom ar daegvirgvinebina qarTul eklesiaSi ukve asureli mamebis

droidan Casaxuli moZraoba msoflio eklesiasTan mWidro kavSiris arse-

bobisTvis, qarTuli eklesia mtkice erTobas Seqmnida somxur eklesiasTan

da masac albanuri eklesiis bedi moeloda. cnobilia, albanurma eklesiam

mWidro kavSiri Sekra somxur eklesiasTan, amis gamo igi mowyda msoflio

eklesias, Sedegad albaneTSi saukuneTa manZilze dainerga somxurenovani

RvTismsaxureba, somxuri kultura albanelebisTvis sruliad misaRebi, TiTqmis

mSobliuri iyo, Sedegad albanuri eklesia somxuri eklesiis nawilad iqca,

ris gamoc albanuri eklesia gauqmda, misi adgili somxurma eklesiam

daiWira. igive moeloda qarTul eklesias, Tu ara kirionis didad dasafa-

sebeli moZraoba, romelic efuZneboda `asureli mamebis~ Rvawls.

kirionis pasuxidan Cans, rom mis dros, e.i. VII saukunis dasawyisSi

qarTul eklesias 35 episkoposi hyavda. `qarTlSi sul 35 episkoposia. eg

mose saidan aRmoCnda mxolod erTi mecnieri da marTlmadidebeli da sxva

yvela mwvalebeli?~ (gv. 90).

kirions sruliad damoukideblad uWiravs Tavi, is araviTar daqvemde-

barebas ar grZnobs somexi ierarqis mimarT. kirioni aqebs sparseTis Sahs.

RmerTmao, wers is, ̀ ...mefeTa-mefis didebisagan ufro ganmadida da warmate-

bul myo, vidre Cemi mamebi, miT umetes ki, vidre Cemi amxanagebi~ (gv. 90).

kirioni sTavazobs abraams, icxovron iseve mSvidobiT, rogorc qarTveli

da somexi mamebi abraamamde, _ ̀ xolo Tu sxvagvarad gnebavT ifiqroT, mets


nu gairjebiT da amisaTvis metad nuRar mogvwerT. Semdeg me somxeTze gziT

gavla momiwevs odesme _ RmerTi Tu maRirsebs, rom ierusalims wavide

wmida adgilTa Tayvanissacemad, Torem sxva ram saqme ara maqvs~ (gv. 91).

kirioni uarzea abraamTan Sexvedraze ̀ ...drois gamo moucleli var, brals

nu damdebT~ (gv. 91).

27. abraam kaTalikosi III epistoles ugzavnis kirions. misi kilo savse-

biT Serbilebulia: _ `...ganvaaxloT sulieri siyvaruli, romelic orive

xalxs Soris iyo, is moZRvreba. romelic erTi wyarodan migviRia... saerTo

RvTismsaxureba dagviTeses Cven da Tqven jer netarma wmida grigolma da

Semdeg maStocma~ (gv. 93). saerTo RvTismsaxurebis Sesaxeb xSirad lapar-

akoben somexi ierarqebi da smbat marzpani. kirionic wers saerTo wessa da

sarwmunoebaze. es saerTo wesi (albaT tipikoni), saerTo somxurenovani

RvTismsaxureba da saerTo sarwmunoeba qarTlis ierarqebs miuRiaT qarT-

lis samefos gauqmebis dros, daaxloebiT VI saukunis 20-ian wlebSi, somex-

qarTvelTa saeklesio krebaze, cxadia, sparsTa iZulebiT.

roca abraami wers, saerTo RvTismsaxureba dagviTeses jer wmida grigolma

da Semdeg maStocmao, aq igulisxmeba ara maStocis mier qarTuli anbanis

Seqmna, aramed somxurenovani saerTo RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro somxuri

wmida wignebis gamoyeneba qarTul eklesiaSi (cxadia, qarTul eklesiaSi

qarTulenovani RvTismsaxureba upirvelesi, umTavresi iyo, magram qarTul-

Tan erTad zogjer (anda zogierT adgilas) somxurenovanic dainerga, unda

vigulisxmoT, rom sruldeboda ara somxurenovani wirva-locva, aramed Sereu-

li qarTul-somxuri wirva-locva, ise, rogorc amJamad CvenSi zogierT re-

gionSi arsebobs Sereuli qarTul-berZnuli, ufro ki qarTul-rusuli wir-

va-locva. anda qarTuli wirva-locvis dros zogierTi asamaRlebeli iTq-

moda somxur enaze, ise rogorc amJamad iTqmis qarTuli RvTismsaxurebisas

rusul anda berZnul enebze (ufro sworad, slavurad). SeiZleba zogierTi

kvereqsi anda mcire locva, mrwamsi, samociqulos an saxarebis kiTxva

wirvisas zogjer somxurad aResruleboda. aseTi praqtika _ Sereuli

wirva-locva arsebobs da dadasturebulia msoflio qristianul eklesia-

Si. amJamadac ki, TviT kaTolikuri wirvis dros kaTolikur qveynebSi, erT

momentSi locva `ufalo Segviwyalen~ iTqmis berZnul enaze _ `kirie

eleison~. berZnul enaze da ara romelime sxva enaze am sityvebis Tqma

tradiciaa, Tumca am wirvas SeiZleba berZeni saerTod ar eswrebodes.

maStocis mier Seqmnili somxuri anbaniT dawerili somxuri wignebi

saWiro iqneboda qarTul eklesiaSi, radganac qarTul wirva-locvasTan

erTad somxuradac midioda `saerTo RvTismsaxureba~.

wmida grigolic am `saerTo RvTismsaxurebis~ gamo moixsenieba qarTul

eklesiasTan kavSirSi, radganac ̀ saerTo sarwmunoebas~ efuZneboda es qarTul-

somxur-albanuri unitarulis magvari eklesia, romlis zemdgomi somxuri

eklesia iyo, daarsebuli wmida grigolis mier.


Cans, abraams surda eTqva, _ `saerTo RvTismsaxureba grigolisa da maS-

tocisa daiTesa CvenSi da TqvenSio~. marTlac, `saerTo RvTismsaxureba~

abraams wmida grigolisa (IV s-Si) da maStocis (V s-Si) danergilad rom

ar miaCnia, imave epistoledan Cans, sadac abraami ̀ saerTo sarwmunoebisa da

RvTismsaxurebis~ SemoRebis TariRad miiCnevs VI saukunis dasawyiss da

ara IV-V saukuneebs. èrToba~ qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris iwyeba

gabriel kaTalikosidan (VI s-is damdegi) da ara manamde. VI saukunemde

abraami ar asaxelebs arc erT qarTvel ierarqsa Tu moRvawes, ar asax-

elebs raime saeklesio movlenasa Tu moments saeklesio cxovrebaSi, romelic

daadasturebda qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis èrTobas~ VI saukunemde.

aseTi Zveli èrTobis~ damadasturebeli raime faqti an wyaro rom hqono-

daT somex ierarqebs da smbat marzpans, isini aucileblad moixseniebdnen,

rogorc upirvelesi mniSvnelobis sabuTs. magram isini mxolod gabriel

da babgen kaTalikosebis epoqas deben èrTobis~ dasawyis TariRad. aseve

somxurenovani RvTismsaxurebis danergvis TariRad curtavSi maT miaCniaT

ara IV-V saukuneebi, aramed wmida SuSanikis Semdgomi epoqa, es aris VI

saukunis dasawyisi. mis saflavze agebul eklesiaSi da mere gugarqSi am

axali saeklesio enis gavrcelebas VI saukunis dasawyisamde ver SeZlebd-

nen. ase rom, abraamisave Tanaxmad, saerTo RvTismsaxureba qarTlsa da

somxeTSi gavrcelda ara grigolisa da maStocis dros, aramed VI sauku-

nis dasawyisSi, babgenis da gabrielis dros. Tumca, saerTo RvTismsaxureba

grigolis mier Semoqmedebad, Rvawlad iTvleboda, xolo maStocis somxuri

anbaniT dawerili wignebi orive eklesiaSi gamoiyeneboda.

qarTuli saxelmwifos gauqmebis dros sparseTi somxur eklesias upi-

ratesobas aniWebda mTel imperiaSi. es sayovelTaod aris cnobili, amito-

mac ar aris gasakviri eklesiaTa Soris aseTi saxis èrTobis~ daarseba.

abraami asaxelebs ̀ erTobis~ danergvis monawile qarTvel ierarqebs, romelT-

ac qalkedonis kreba daugmiaT, _ `...Senma winaparma netarma gabriel qarT-

lis kaTalikosma dawyevla Cven netar mamebTan erTad Tavisi Tanamosay-

dreebiTurT, romelTa saxelebia eseni: TviTon gabriel episkoposi mcxeTi-

sa saxelovani, palgen episkoposi sefesaxlisa, elifas episkoposi samuria-

li, samuel episkoposi tumasueli, daviT episkoposi bolnisisa, iakob episko-

posi ortavisa, stefanis episkoposi usTavisa, sahak episkoposi tfilisisa,

elages episkoposi manglisisa, enes episkoposi marueli, evgenes episkoposi,

samTaveli ioseb, episkoposi adsueli, iovan episkoposi sarusTieli, ioseb

episkoposi kuxordosi, ezras episkoposi kisdadisa, enovq episkoposi wilknisa,

ioseb episkoposi midamili, lazar episkoposi boldbili, Teodoros episko-

posi forTis, zaqaria episkoposi kasdreli, fokas episkoposi tsermili,

isaak episkoposi qunanakertisa, Toma episkoposi tarsisa, estgen episkoposi

qorzonisa~ (gv. 97-98).


sainteresoa, rom abraami gabriel kaTalikosTan erTad asaxelebs sefe-

saxlis episkopos palgens. aseTi cnoba eTanxmeba qarTul wyaroebs, romel-

Ta mixedviTac mcxeTaSi ijda ori episkoposi, erTi iwodeboda kaTalikos

mTavarepiskoposad da is meTaurobda eklesias, xolo meore, Zveli episko-

posi samTavroSi ijda. es episkoposi kaTalikosobis dawesebamde meTaurob-

da qarTul eklesias. kaTalikosobis dawesebis Semdeg misi taxti ar gauqme-

bula da mcxeTaSi ori episkoposi aRmoCnda. samTavroSi, rogorc TviT

sityvidanac Cans, mTavarTa sasaxle iyo anu sefesaxli. SeiZleba amitomac

uwodebs mas ̀ sefesaxlis episkoposs~ abraami. vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixed-

viT, samTavroSi mjdomi mcxeTeli mTavarepiskoposis samwysoSi Sedioda

dasavleT saqarTvelos vake _ kerZod, xoni. dasavleT saqarTvelos mTiane-

Ti, kerZod, raWa-Takveri niqozis saepiskoposoSi Sedioda. es, cxadia, dasav-

leT saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebis warmoSobamde. TviT gvian Sua sauku-

neebSic ki dasavleT saqarTvelos erT teritoriaze kvlav axorcielebda

Tavis uflebamosilebas mcxeTel-samTavroeli mTavarepiskoposi. dasavle-

Ti saqarTvelo xosroianTa samefo mamulad iTvleboda, kerZod, roca me-

feebma mirma da arCilma saqarTvelos samefo gaiyves, mTeli dasavleTi

saqarTvelo, rogorc `sauxuceso~ teritoria, gauyofeli darCa mTlianad

mefe arCils. aseve samefo teritoria iyo kaxeTic. amitomac, Cans, am samefo

miwebze sefesaxlis episkoposi Tavis uflebas axorcielebda.

28. kirioni sapasuxo epistoles ugzavnis abraams: _ `Tqven ise gvwerT

Cven, rogorc axalnergsa da axalmorwmunes da ise ar gvwerT, rogorc

Sehferis patiosans da marad marTlmadidebels, radgan dRes RvTis mowy-

alebiT mTel qveyanaze ufro mowinave varT da marTlmadidebeli, vidre

cota vinme...~ (gv. 100).

Semdeg: `...Cveni da Tqveni sarwmunoeba erTi iyo da mTeli sarwmunoeba

ierusalimidan gvqonda da gvaqvs, rogorc ewera~. kirioni ar uaryofs

saerTo sarwmunoebis arsebobas da umatebs _ rogorc Sens epistoleSi

ewerao, abraamma ki miswera is, rom saerTo RvTismsaxureba iyo CvenTan da

TqvenTano. kirioni amas ar uaryofs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom kirioni ase msjelobs: qarTuli eklesia marTlmadide-

beli iyo da aris, abraamamde somxeTis kaTalikosic marTlmadidebeli iyo

da swori sarwmunoebis mqone, axla ki, abraamis dros, somxeTis sarwmunoeba

Seicvala imiT, rom gadauxvia ierusalimis sarwmunoebidan, _ ̀ Tqvenze adre,

rom mag saydarze netari mose ijda, Cemsa da mas Soris didi siyvaruli

iyo... vidre Tqvenamde moaRwevda mag saydris dakavebis Jami, Cveni da Tqveni

sarwmunoeba erTi iyo...~ (gv. 101).

Semdeg wers, _ ̀ xolo ukeTu gsurs gamoiZio Cveni sarwmunoeba da gaicno,

vaTargmnine da movatanine oTx krebaTa wignebi, romlebiTac romaelni xe-

lmZRvaneloben wmida anastassa da wmida sionSic igi iqadageba. unda Tu ara


vismes, Cveni sarwmunoeba es aris~ (gv. 102). somxuri eklesia aRiarebda sam

msoflio krebas, xolo meoTxes, qalkedonisas, wyevlida, kirioni ki oTxive

krebis wignebs ugzavnis _ ̀ ...es aris WeSmariti sarwmunoeba~, _ wers kirioni.

29. abraami sayovelTao mrgvlivmosavlel epistoles agzavnis mTel somx-

eTSi, romelSiac gadmoscems sarwmunoebis monofizitur mrwamss da gmobs

qalkedonitobas.

qalkedonitoba mTel qveyanaze gavrceldao, wers is, _ ̀ ...vidremdis TiTq-

mis am mosazRvre da erTi sarwmunoebiT ganaTlebul qveynebs ar miawia,

qarTls da albaneTs vityvi, romelTac myrali Tesli zemoTqmulTa dideb-

iT Seiwynares, Tvis Soris daamtkices~ (gv. 120). Cemze adre myofma kaTali-

kosma amis Sesaxeb miswera albaneTs, me qarTls mivwereo, kirionma cur-

tavis episkoposi gandevna marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis gamo, `...wmida

SuSanikisgan dadgenili somxuri msaxureba, Cvens sawinaaRmdegod rom amxedrda,

Secvala, amisaTvis mivwereT...~

Semdeg `...Cvenc igive vbrZaneT qarTvelTa Sesaxeb: sruliad ar eziaroT

maT arc locvaSi, arc Wamasa da smaSi. arc megobrobaSi, arc dedamZuZeoba-

Si, arc salocavad wasvliT jvarSi, romliTac ganTqmulia mcxeTis midamoe-

bi, arc manglisis jvarSi, nurc Cvens eklesiaSi miiRebT maT, aramed maTTan

qorwinebiTac sruliad ganeSoreT, mxolod iyideT da mihyideT viTarca

uriebs, igive brZaneba ucvlelad rCeba albanelTaTvisac...~ (gv. 122).

aseTia miaxloebiTi Sinaarsi `epistoleTa wignisa~.

`erToba~ qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Sorisuxtanesis mixedviT

arsen safarelis Tanaxmad, polemika qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris

dawyebula VI saukunis II naxevarSi da gansakuTrebiT gamwvavebula VII

saukunis dasawyisSi. polemika ZiriTadad werilobiT mimdinareobda, zogjer

mRvdelmTavrebi uSualod kamaTobdnen (mag. curtaveli episkoposi mose

qarTul sakaTalikosoSi, qarTveli episkoposi petre).

epistolarul kamaTSi monawileobdnen ara marto saeklesio ierarqebi,

episkoposebi, aramed qarTveli mTavrebi da somxeTis marzpanic ki. yvela

epistoleSi, romelsac kirions, sxva qarTvel episkoposebs da qarTvel

mTavrebs ugzavnian somexi ierarqebi da marzpani, ZiriTadad qarTul ekle-

sias usayvedureben da adanaSauleben qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris

dadebuli SeTanxmeba-xelSekrulebis darRvevaSi, TiTqosda qarTul da somxur

eklesiaTa Soris kirionamde ramdenime aTeuli wliT adre dadebuli yofi-

la SeTanxmeba-xelSekruleba urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb, xolo kirions es

kavSiri daurRvevia.


kirion qarTlis kaTalikosis, mose da abraam somexTa kaTalikosebis,

vrTanes qerdolis, mose episkoposis, vrkanis marzpan smbatis, aseve arsen

safarelisa da uxtanesis msjelobis sagania qarTul da somxur eklesiebs

Soris VI saukunis I naxevarSi dadebuli SeTanxmeba-xelSekruleba urT-

ierTkavSirisa da èrTobis~ Sesaxeb.

mose curtavis episkoposis msjelobiT, qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa

Soris arsebobda ierarqiuli kavSiri, imis Semdeg, rac qarTvel da somex

ierarqebs daudviaT àRTqma~. garda ierarqiuli kavSirisa, maT Soris sarw-

munoebrivi erTianobac yofila. ̀ erTobis aRTqma~ werilobiTi saxisa yofila.

uxtanesis mixedviT, somxeTis kaTalikos moses (574-604) qarTvelma mTavrebma,

erisTavebma da episkoposebma daaxloebiT 570-ian wlebSi gaugzavnes mociqu-

li da sTxoves qarTuli eklesiisTvis winamZRvari (kaTalikosi), amitomac

mosem ganizraxa, rom Tavisi saxlidan misces maT winamZRvari erTgulebisa~,

`...orive mxaris sarwmunoebis erTobisa da, agreTve, pirvel mamaTa, romlebic

masze adre iyvnen, aRTqmis gansamtkiceblad xeli daasxa kirions...~.118

namdvilad moxda Tu ara aseTi xeldasxma, es sakamaToa, magram uxtanesis

Tanaxmad, mose somexTa kaTalikosis mier qarTvelTa kaTalikosis `xel-

dasxma~ gamowveuli yofila ̀ pirvel mamaTa aRTqmis gansamtkiceblad~. qarTv-

el da somex `pirvel mamebs~ _ ierarqebs daudviaT aRTqma-xelSekruleba-

gadawyvetileba ̀ orive mxaris~, anu qarTlisa da somxeTis saeklesio erTo-

bis Sesaxeb. es aRTqma miuRiaT ara odesRac, wina saukuneSi, aramed eklesiis

im mamebs, romlebic mose kaTalikosze adre moRvaweobdnen, ̀ romlebic masze

adre iyvnen~.

SemdgomSi, roca mose kaTalikosma gaigo kirionis `gandgoma~, man dauy-

ovnebliv mouwoda kirions, raTa daecva qarTul da somxur eklesiebs

Soris dadebuli werilobiTi xelSekruleba. mose wers: `jerac weriliT

aris daculi Cveni da Tqveni sarwmunoebis erTianoba~; e. i. mose kaTaliko-

sis dros jer kidev arsebobda werilobiTi dokumenti èrTobis~ Sesaxeb.

kaTalikosi mose kidec aRwers, Tu rogor da ra pirobebSi daido èrTo-

bis~ xelSekruleba. moses mixedviT, kavad mefeTa-mefis dros momxdara

sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebis gansazRvra qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis

mier, romaelebs anu rom-berZenTa imperias miuRia qalkedonitoba, xolo

qarTvel-somexni romaelebs gandgomian da ganSorebian. swored es faqti

yofila werilobiT dadasturebuli. uxtanesis mier gadmocemuli es teqsti

moses epistoledan aseTia: _ `scan igi, rac kavad mefeTa-mefis dros iqmna

– gamoZieba sarwmunoebaTa gamokvlevisa: romaelebma qalkedonis sarwmu-

noeba miiRes, xolo Cveni da Tqveni qveynebi gandgnen da gaSordnen. jerac

weriliT aris daculi Cveni da Tqveni sarwmunoebis erTianoba. nu ecruebi

Cvens mamaTa aRTqmas, romelic Cven orTa Soris dades, nu ganeSorebi Cveni

erTobisagan~119


Zalze sainteresoa, rom kaTalikos moses mixedviT, am ̀ aRTqmis~ dadebam-

de qarTuli eklesia dakavSirebuli yofila rom-saberZneTis eklesiasTan.

da qarTuli eklesia am dros iseve ganSorebia romaul-berZnul eklesias,

rogorc ebraelebi ganSordnen egviptes. saberZneTs mose uwodebs axal

egviptes da Seaxsenebs kirions, rom qarTuli eklesia daSorda rom-

berZenTa eklesias, anu axal egviptes, sadac qarTuli eklesia Turme dev-

nili iyo axali egviptis faraonis mier. mose wers: `nu iqnebi Tanaxma

romaelTa; nu miiqcevi guliT egviptisaken, aramed gaixsene, rogor gamox-

vedi axali egviptidan da Seni mdevneli faraonis mware saxlidan, borot

zedamxedvelTagan da mware monobisagan.~120

marTlac, cnobilia VI saukunemde kaTalikosebi saberZneTidan igzavne-

bodnen. mose kaTalikosis mixedviT, am dros qarTuli eklesia, Turme, berZnuli

eklesiis mware monobisa da boroti zedamxedvelobis qveS iyo, xolo kavad

mefis dros qarTuli eklesia gamoyofia berZnul-romaul eklesias. amave

dros, qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris dadebula werilobiTi ̀ aRTqma~

erTobis Sesaxeb. VI saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia marTlac srulebiT damou-

kidebeli rom yofila berZnuli eklesiisgan, amas qarTuli wyaroebic aRniS-

naven. amis Semdeg qarTlis kaTalikosebad ukve qarTlSive ekurTxebian qarTvelebi.

kaTalikos moses TqmiT, qarTvel-somexTa saeklesio krebas daumtkicebia

`sami wmida krebis aRsareba~ da urTierTSoris erToblivi werilobiTi

dokumenti daudviaT (igulisxmeba I-II-III msoflio krebebi).

`...sami wmida krebis aRsareba, romelic Cvenma da Tqvenma mamebma erTo-

blivi weriliT daamtkices urTierTSoris, romelic jerac gvaqvs~.121

Zalze sainteresoa da yuradReba unda mieqces, rom kirioni ar uaryofs

qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris erTobis Sesaxeb werilobiTi dokumen-

tis, anu àRTqmis~ arsebobas. ufro metic, is aRiarebs aseTi dokumentis

arsebobas: _ `Cveni da Tqveni mamebis erTobis, aRTqmisa da sarwmunoebis

damtkicebis Sesaxebac rom mogiweriaT, Cven igive gvaqvs ucvlelad. Cveni

da Tqveni qveynebis Sesaxeb rom mogiweriaT da giTqvamT èrTobis~ gamo,

romelic Cven dros aris, Cven igive erToba gvaqvs da ar vcvliT~.122

kirioni aRiarebs qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris ̀ erTobis~ arsebobas.

movlenebis Semdgom ganviTarebas uxtanesi ase gadmogvcems _ mose cur-

tavis episkoposi Casula kirion kaTalikosis karze TbilisSi, raTa mas

kirionisTvis Seexsenebina qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris dadebuli

xelSekruleba, anu aRTqma-piroba. mose TbilisSi kirionTan Casula imis

gamo, rom `...Cemi naxviT egebis Sercxveso aRTqmisa da pirobis, romelic

dades somexTa da qarTvelTa mamamTavrebma...~123

SemdgomSi, mose curtaveli episkoposi uTvlis kirions: ̀ ...netarma mamamTa-

varma mosem... imitom SegarCia, rom mamaTa aRTqma da gardamocema mtkiced

gepyras~. òrive am qveyanas, Cvensas, somexTa da Tqvensas, qarTvelTa igive


gvqonia da gvaqvs...~ vrTanes qerdolis TqmiT, antiqalkedonuri erTobis

piroba daudevT ara marto qarTul da somxur eklesiebs, aramed albanur

eklesiasac. ̀ ...nestorisa da qalkedonis krebis wvalebas, rac somexTa, qarTvel-

Ta da albanelTa episkoposebma da mTavrebma erTad saSineli wyevliT

mouxseneblad aRmofxvres, exla eg... iwynarebs~.124

abraam somexTa kaTalikosi, ise rogorc mose kaTalikosi miiCnevs, rom

qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris xelSekruleba erTobis Sesaxeb dade-

bula kavad mefis dros.

`mefeTa-mefis kavadis dros iqmna kvleva-Zieba Cven qveyanasa da romael-

Ta Soris, romelTac miiRes qalkedonis kreba da leonis tomari, Cveni da

Tqveni qveynis moZRvarni da mTavarni gaSordnen maTTan ziarebas da orive

erTobiT icavs werilobiTac Cvens Soris dRemde~.125

abraam kaTalikosis Tanaxmad, qalkedonitobas somxeTsa da qarTlSi Se-

mouRwevia babgen somexTa kaTalikosisa da gabriel qarTvelTa kaTaliko-

sis dros. amis Semdeg qarTvel da somex aznaurebs da episkoposebs mou-

wveviaT antiqalkedonuri kreba da daudviaT werilobiTi aRTqma. es weri-

lobiTi aRTqma daculi yofila abraamis drosac: `...es cTuneba, rogorc

adre mogwereT, Semovida Cven qveyanaSic babgen somexTa kaTalikosisa da

gabriel qarTvelTa kaTalikosis dros. episkoposebma da aznaurebma erTx-

mad SeaCvenes da gaecalnen krebas da leonis tomaris madideblebTan

erTobas. exlac werilobiT aris daculi CvenTan~.126 abraami Tavis mesame

epistoleSi kirionis mimarT wers, rom qarTvel-somexTa sarwmunoebrivi

SeTanxmeba momxdara gabriel kaTalikosis dros.

`...Tu ar SeicvaleT Cveni sarwmunoebisagan, rogorc mravaljer mogvwere,

wyeul qalkedonis krebasa da leonis bilw tomars rom iwynareb, SeaCvene

Senc, rogorc Senma winaparma netarma gabriel qarTvelTa kaTalikosma

SeaCvena Cven netar mamebTan erTad Tavisi episkoposebiTurT, romelTa

saxelebia: TviTon gabriel mcxeTis saxelovani episkoposi, palden sefesax-

lis episkoposi, elifas asurieli episkoposi, samuel timueli episkoposi,

daviT bolneli episkoposi, iakob srtavis episkoposi, stefanos ruzTavis

episkoposi, sahak Tbilisis episkoposi, elades mangleli episkoposi, enes

marueli episkoposi, evginis samTavis episkoposi, ioseb adsuneli episkoposi,

ioane sarusTis episkoposi, meore ioseb kumurdos episkoposi, lazar folkd-

neli episkoposi, Teodoros forTis episkoposi, zaqaria kasteli episkoposi,

fokas astermiulis episkoposi, isaak hnarakertis episkoposi, mose tarsis

episkoposi, stngene qorzanas episkoposi. es netari episkoposebi, romlebic

Tqveni qveynidan iyvnen, alabanelebTan da sivnielebTan erTad somxeTSi

Seikribnen babgen somexTa kaTalikosis dros, im krebaze romelzec daiwyev-

la maTgan erTxmad qalkedonis kreba...~127

aRsaniSnavia, rom uxtanesis Tvalsazrisi gansxvavdeba mose da abraam

kaTalikosis Tvalsazrisisgan. kerZod, Tu es kaTalikosebi TiTqosda 506-


531 wlebSi Catarebul ramdenime krebas aerTeben da erT krebad miiCneven,

uxtanesi am krebas gamowvlilviT ikvlevs da sxvagvarad miiCnevs.

Tu kaTalikosebi ierarqiuli erTobis mtkicebiT arian dainteresebulni,

uxtanesi sarwmunoebrivi erTobis krebis TariRs iZleva.

somxur eklesiasTan urTierTobismizezi da misi Sedegi

vaxtang gorgaslis gardacvalebis Semdeg qarTli sparselebma daimor-

Ciles. sparselebi im dros somxur eklesias ganadidebdnen da upirisp-

irebdnen berZnul-romaul eklesias. amis Sesaxeb kargad wers arseni safa-

reli. V saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia berZnuli orientaciisa iyo da misi

gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda. vaxtang gorgasalma anderZic ki datova, rom

qarTuli eklesia ar daSoreboda berZnuls da qarTls berZnuli orienta-

cia ar uareyo. qarTlze berZnuli zegavlena sruliad mouTmeneli iyo

sparseTis saxelmwifosTvis. sparseTi yovel Rones xmarobda, rom qarTuli

eklesia daSoreboda berZnuls, misTvis sasurveli iyo, berZnuli eklesiis

magier qarTul eklesias orientacia aeRo aRmosavlur-siriul-sparsul

eklesiaze. VI saukunis pirvel aTeul wlebSi, am politikuri mizezebis

gamo, qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebi ramdenjerme iwveven saeklesio kre-

bas. uxtanesis mixedviT, bolo aseTi kreba, romelzedac dadebuli yofila

werilobiTi saxis `aRTqma~ erTobis Sesaxeb, mouwveviaT 520-ian wlebSi.

SeiZleba am xelSekrulebiT ukmayofilo qarTlma moawyo cnobili ajanyeba

523 wels, romlis Semdegac, zogierTi wyaros mixedviT, sparselebs srulebiT

gauuqmebiaT qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba.

`sparseTis mTavroba agreTve sxva saSualebebsac mimarTavda am ideolo-

giuri kavSiris gansamtkiceblad. mas surda, magaliTad, somxeTis, qarTlisa

da albaneTis eklesiebis gaerTianeba, rom ufro advili yofiliyo misi

marTva. amitom mokles Tu ara vaxtang gorgasali, sparselebis mTavari

mteri da mowinaaRmdege amierkavkasiaSi, maSinve, 506 wels, sparselebma

somxeTis dedaqalaq dvinSi moiwvies somxeTis, qarTlisa da albaniis ek-

lesiebis saerTo kreba~.128

506-523 wlebSi dampyrobeli sparselebis iZulebiT qarTuli eklesia

daSorda berZnul-romauls. qarTul eklesias am dros Tavisi avtokefalia

ar daukargavs, piriqiT, misi damoukidebloba, anu avtokefalia kidev ufro

ganmtkicda, radganac ukve qarTlSive irCevdnen am dros qarTvel kaTali-

kosebs. qarTul eklesias am droisaTvis hqonda Tavisi iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi

da Tavisi ierarqiuli struqtura, magram oficialurad qarTul eklesias

urTierTkavSiri hqonda aRmosavlur-somxur-sparsul eklesiasTan. arseni

safarelis mixedviT, somxuri eklesiis uzenaesoba gagrZelebula 551 wlam-


de, xolo saeklesio `erToba~ dairRva kirion kaTalikosis dros, 607-09

wlebSi. k. kekeliZis Tanaxmad, am dros kavSiri qarTul da somxur eklesie-

bs Soris mxolod formalurad gawyvetila, xolo faqtobrivad kvlav arse-

bula. es kavSiri qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris mTlianad gawyda VIII

saukunis dasawyisSi.

Cans, qarTul-somxuri eklesiebis urTierToba VI-VII saukuneebSi iseTive

saxis iyo, rogorc qarTul-berZnuli eklesiebis urTierToba X-XI saukuneebSi.

X-XI saukuneebSi, Tumca qarTuli eklesia sruliad avtokefaluri, damoukide-

beli eklesia iyo, mainc aRiarebda berZnuli eklesiis upiratesobas.

somxur eklesiasTan aqtiur urTierTobas, giorgi mciris cnobiT, Sedegad

mohyolia qarTuli wmida werilis redaqtireba somxuris mixedviT. giorgi

mciris cnobiT, Tavdapirvelad qarTuli wmida wignebi iTargmna berZnuli enidan

(e.i. IV-V ss-Si), xolo Semdeg somxuri redaqciis mixedviT iqna Sesworebuli

(e.i. VI s-Si). somxuri redaqciis mixedviT Sesworebis gamo, qarTuli wmida

wignebi damaxinjda, rasac berZnebi gvayvedridnen. amitomac, maT xelaxla dasWirda

redaqtireba, axla ukve berZnuli redaqciebis mixedviT (XI s-Si).

qarTuli wmida wignebi Tavdapirvelad marTlac rom berZnulidan aris

naTargmni, xolo Semdeg redaqtirebuli somxuris mixedviT, dadgenilia

Zveli teqstebis gamowvlilviTi analizis Sedegad k. danelias mier. igi

wers: ̀ Tu kritikulad SevafasebT giorgi mciris cnobas... pozitiur faqtad

rCeba Semdegi: 1. qarTvelebs qristianobis miRebisTanave hqoniaT Zvel

mTargmnelTa mier gadmoRebuli bibliuri wignebi. 2. Semdgom, radgan sa-

berZneTi teritoriulad Sors iyo saqarTvelosagan, saqarTveloSi (Tu

saqarTvelos mezoblad) mcxovreb somxebs qarTvelebisaTvis `mizeziTa we-

sierebisaATa~, e. i. Targmanis sisworis dacvis motiviT SeuTavazebiaT bib-

liuri wignebis somxuri TargmaniT sargebloba. 3. amis Sedegad qarTul

enaze somxuridan gadmouRiaT zogierTi bibliuri wigni. giorgi mcire

TviTon ki ar Txzavs am faqts, aramed arsebiTad tradiciul azrs imeorebs,

masze adre giorgi mTawmideli araerTgzis aRniSnavs bibliuri wignebis

pirvandel TargmanTa maRal Rirsebas, rac, ra Tqma unda, pirvel yovlisa

berZnul wyarosTan siaxlove-Sesatyvisobas gulisxmobs~129

k. danelia eTanxmeba (ZiriTadad) am Zvel, qarTul tradiciul azrs:

`pavles epistoleTa Zveli qarTuli redaqciis wyaro berZnuli originali

unda yofiliyo. magram riT avxsnaT somxur-siriuli elementebis arseboba

qarTul TargmanSi? unda vifiqroT, rom berZnulidan momdinare Zveli

qarTuli Targmani V-VI saukuneebSi Sejerebul iqna siriulidan momdinare

somxur TargmanTan...~130 ismis kiTxva _ ratom? ra saWiro iyo berZnulidan

ukve `wmidad Targmnili~ wignebis Sejereba somxur TargmanTan Semdgom

saukuneebSi? mkvlevari upasuxebs am kiTxvas `garkveuli (somxuri warmo-

Sobis) wris survilebis dasakmayofileblad~ (iqve), `Zveli qarTuli Targ-


manis somxur wyarosTan Sejereba, Tu somxuridan xelaxla Targmna V-VI

saukuneebisaTvis ufro safiqrebelia samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos taos

TemSi, sadac somxuri warmoSobis mosaxleobis xvedriTi wona didi iyo.

politikuri mosazrebiT, tao IV-VI saukuneebSi somxuri provincia iyo,

didi feodaluri sagvareulos _ mamikonianTa saganmgeblo~.131

sruliad gaugebaria, Tuki tao politikurad IV-VI saukuneebSi somxuri

provincia iyo da aq somxuri warmoSobis mosaxleobis xvedriTi wona didi

iyo, risTvis sWirdebodaT maT V-VI ss-Si qarTuli wignebi da Tanac somx-

uris mixedviT redaqtirebuli? ufro metic, Tuki maTTvis somxuri redaq-

cia am wignebisa avtoritetuli da misaRebi iyo, SeeZloT TviT somxuri

wignebiT esargeblaT! sinamdvileSi aq ufro globalur saerTo-saeklesio

masStabis movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme _ qarTuli eklesia ara marto taoSi,

aramed saerTod, iZulebuli iyo somxurisaTvis Seejerebina qarTulad ukve

Targmnili wignebi. araviTari somxuri warmoSobis qarTuli mosaxleoba V-

VI ss-Si ar arsebobda, piriqiT, erovnebiT qarTuli mosaxleoba somxureno-

vani xdeboda (saeklesio TvalsazrisiT), albanelTa msgavsad, miT umetes,

rom rogorc mecnieri aRniSnavs, tao da saerTod saqarTvelos samxreTi

provinciebi politikurad somxeTSi Sediodnen VI saukuneSi.

arseni safareli wers, rom somxuri eklesia VI saukuneSi sparseTis

imperiaSi Zalze dafasebuli yofila, gansakuTrebiT kavadisa da xosros

mefobis dros. arsenis mixedviT, sparselebma dapyrobil somxeTSi dasces

aznaurTa xelisufleba da gaabatones samRvdeloeba. saero xelisufleba

gadaeca somex samRvdeloebas. xarksac ki TviT samRvdeloeba krefda mo-

saxleobidan, radganac qveynis mmarTveloba maT xelSi iyo. sparseTis same-

fo karisa da somxeTis samRvdeloebis kavSiri ise Rrma yofila, rom

mefeebi, kavadi da xosro, TavianT `Svilobilebad~ gamoucxadebiaT somex

kaTalikosebsa da episkoposebs _ `aqaATgan sparsTa marzapanTa daipyres

somxiTi da Seuracx-iqmna wesi saqristianoA, da eklesiaTa gangebaA aRiKo-

ca, da aznaurTa KelmwifebaA daeca sparsTa marzapanTagan, da kaTalikozni

da episkopozni gandrkes simarTlisagan da kadnierebaA moiRes sparsTagan

wina-aRdgomad aznaurTa da Karksa sofelTasa TYT gardaiKdides, rameTu

episkoposTa da qorepiskoposTa miandves queyanaA, viTarca morCilTa mefo-

bisa sparsTaAsa da romelTame kaTalikozTa da episkoposTa mefeni sparsTani

daiSvilnes da Zeobilad uwoddes kavads da xuasros...~132

kavad mefis dros somxeTis eklesia marTlac rom gabatonebuli da

gaZlierebuli yofila, es Cans ara marto arseni safarelis mixedviT, aramed

somexTa kaTalikosis, moses epistoledanac. kirionisadmi miweril am epis-

toleSi mose Seaxsenebs kirions, rom kavad mefis dros qarTveli da

somexi eklesiis mamebis gaerTianebul krebas miuRia werilobiTi dadge-

nileba, romlis ZaliTac sparseTis imperiis sazRvrebSi moqceuli amierkavkasi-


isa da sxva erebis eklesiebs uaruyviaT qalkedonis krebis dadgenileba,

garda amisa, miuRiaT raRac aRTqma Tu fici saeklesio erTobis Sesaxeb. mose

wers, _ `scan igi, rac kavad mefeTa-mefis dros iqmna... jerac weriliT aris

daculi Cveni da Tqveni sarwmunoebis erTianoba. nu ecruebi Cvens mamaTa

aRTqmas, romelic Cven orTa Soris dades, nu ganeSorebi Cveni erTobisagan...~133

kavad mefes somex-qarTvelTa saeklesio erTobis aRniSvnis dros axsen-

eben ara marto arseni safareli da mose kaTalikosi, aramed Zveli drois

sxva saklesio moRvawenic.

arseni safareli, romelic TavgamodebiT ibrZvis qarTuli eklesiis

damoukideblobisaTvis, ar uaryofs somxur da qarTul eklesiebs Soris

`erTobis~ arsebobas. mis mixedviT, am eklesiaTa Soris arsebula ierarqiu-

li erToba, romelic gagrZelebula 551 wlamde _ nerse mijinis I krebamde.

`xolo aramciredi aRTqumaAO iyo xuasro mefeman nerse kaTalikozisa

mimarT... qmna krebaA pirveli dvins da ganeSornes sjuliTa berZenTa da

ierusalemsa. xolo qarTli yoveli da meoTxedi somxiTisa ganeyennesP-

KelTdasxmasa mRdelobisasa somexTagan, aramed herni da sivnielni Jam erT

ganeyennes da kualad Seerinnes...~134

somxeTis kaTalikosebi, mose da abraami, aseve sxva moRvaweni miiCneven,

rom qarTul-somxur-albanuri eklesiebis erTobam uaryo qalkedonis kreba,

xolo arsenis mixedviT, somxuri eklesia ̀ berZnul sjuls~ gaSorebia xos-

ros dros, rasac aRuSfoTebia qarTuli eklesia, amis gamo qarTul ekle-

sias kavSiri Seuwyvetia somxur eklesiasTan.

z. aleqsiZis mixedviT, `...arseni pirdapir iwers teqsts Tavisi somxuri

wyarodan, romelic Tavis mxriv tendenciurad aris gadakeTebuli gvian.

pirvel wyaroSi laparaki iyo religiur erTianobaze (berZenTa msgavsad)

da ara ierarqiulze~.135

Zvel dros ierarqiul urTierTdamokidebulebas didi mniSvneloba eni-

Weboda. TviT iseTi Zlieri da Zveli eklesiac ki, rogoric somxuri ekle-

sia iyo, ierarqiulad saberZneTis, kerZod, kapadokia-kesariis eklesiaze iyo

damokidebuli. somxur istoriografiaSi garkveulia, rom berZnul (kapa-

dokiis) eklesias somxuri eklesia sabolood daSorda dvinis 554 wlis

krebis gadawyvetilebiT. _ `... dvinis krebis nebiT (554 w.) somxuri eklesia

sabolood daSorda berZnuls~.136

520-iani wlebidan 560-ian wlebamde qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareoba Zli-

er sagangaSo yofila, rasac Sedegad mohyolia asureli mamebis Camosvla

saqarTveloSi 530-40-ian wlebSi, romelTa moRvaweobiTac qalkedonitoba

ganmtkicebula, monofizitoba dasustebula. 70-90-ian wlebSi qarTli ukve

qalkedonituria, rac nayofi iyo asurel mamaTa Rvawlisa da 551 wels

somxur eklesiasTan kavSiris gawyvetisa, magram es somxur-qarTul eklesi-

aTa daSoreba sruli ar yofila, `erToba~ kvlav grZeldeboda.


Sinaganad erTmaneTisadmi dapirispirebuli ori eklesia, garegnulad

kvlav erTianobis warmosaxvas cdilobda, es gamowveuli iyo imdroindeli

politikuri situaciiT; saqarTveloSi sparselebis Zlierebis dros qarTul

eklesias urTierToba hqonda somxur eklesiasTan, xolo bizantielTa Zliere-

bis dros èrToba~ irRveoda. VII saukunis dasawyisSi, 604 wlidan, xosro

II-m bizantielni mravaljer daamarcxa da, cxadia, saqarTveloSic gaZlier-

da. am droidan, somxeTi dabejiTebiT moiTxovs èrTobis~ kidev ufro

ganmtkicebas. èrTobis~ Sesusteba gamoiwvia imanac, rom 592 wlidan iberi-

is mometebuli nawili Tbilisamde bizantias gadasca sparseTma. kirions

gansakuTrebul politikur situaciaSi uxdeboda moRvaweoba: misi samwysos

erTi nawili bizantielTa xelSi iyo, xolo meore nawili sparselebisa.

kirionsac Sesabamisi politika aqvs: `kirionma Tavisi neba orad gayo,

gadaixara berZenTa mxares, Tayvans scemda da aamebda mavrike keisars. amiT

iqadis da ambobs: `Cven miviReT da gvaqvs keisris sarwmunoebao~... Semdeg

ambobda: `konstantinopoli wmida ioanes saydari da keisris saxlia, ra

sarwmunoebac iq iqadageba, Cvenc mas vemsaxurebiTo.~ Semdeg: `vaTargmnine

da gamovagzavne oTxi krebis wigni, romliTac berZnebi xelmZRvaneloben da

Cvenc igive sarwmunoeba gvaqvso, da RmerTma keisari acocxloso~. xolo

Semdeg moiqceva sparselTa mxares, radganac maTi qveyana gayofili iyo

sparselTa da berZenTa mxared da eWvobda mefeTa-mefis gamo...~137

mavrike keisari, romelsac kirioni ̀ Tayvans scemda da aamebda~, daexmara

xosro II-s. àm daxmarebis samadloblad xosro II-m, ...iberiis mometebuli

nawili q. Tbilisamde mavriki keisars gadasca. es unda momxdariyo, maSasa-

dame, 591 wels~; `roca keisars mavrikis foka aujanyda da mavriki mokla,

xosro II 604 w. ...berZnebs omi autexa. sparsTa mefem bizantielni mraval-

gzis daamarcxa da 606-607 w-s keisris jari karinidanac ki gandevna...~138

uxtanesis mixedviT, kirions qalkedonuri sarwmunoeba hqonia, magram amis

gamomJRavnebisa eSinoda sparselebTan. `kirioni im mxariT iqadida, radgan

sarwmunoeba iqidan mieRo da am mxares eSinoda, rom mefisagan sarwmunoeb-

is gamoZieba iqneba somex aznaurTa gavleniTo~. `vai, Tu gamoiZios Cemi

saqmeebi smbat vrkanis marzpanis CagonebiTo...~ `liqniT keisris dRegr-

Zelobas eZiebda da mefis didebas evedreboda~.139

ivane javaxiSvils gamorkveuli aqvs, rom `...somxeTis mmarTveli wreebis

erTi ZiriTadi mosazrebaTagani is yofila, rom qarTvelebi sparseTis

qristianebsa da somxebs ar unda CamoSorebodnen da maTTan ueWvelad

erToba daecvaT... safiqrebelia, rom monofizitobis aseTi Tavgamodebuli

momxreoba somexTa mxriv swored im mWidro sulieri kavSiriT unda yof-

iliyo gamowveuli, romelic somxur eklesias aRmosavleTisa da, kerZod,

sparseTis eklesiasa da qristianobasTan am xanaSi hqonda... qarTvelTa da

somexTa sarwmunoebrivi erTobisa, Tu ganxeTqilebis sakiTxi arsebiTad


imaze iyo damokidebuli, aRmosavleTis, sparseTis saeklesio tradiciasa da

moZRvrebas miemxroboda saqarTvelo, Tu dasavleTisas, berZnul-romaul

qristianobas... qarTvelTa da somexTa sarwmunoebriv simpaTiebs politikuri

TvalsazrisiT didi mniSvneloba hqonda da, ueWvelia, sparseTis mTavroba

am garemoebas fxizlad sdarajobda~.140

iv. javaxiSvili wers, rom somexTa kaTalikoss ̀ ...WeSmariti sarwmunoebis

damcvelad mxolod somxuri eklesia miaCnda~.141 `kYrioni swerda abraams:

`qarTvelebs da somxebs erTmaneTSi Tanxmoba hqondaT, wmidisa uflisa

grigolis mTelsave samwysos Tanxmoba hqonda ierusalimis sarwmunoebasTan,

romelsac hromaelni misdeven, da sxva rame sityva-saubari iq ar SeWrila.

exla ki saidan-Ra gaCnda? romis mamamTavari wm. petres saydarze zis,

aleqsandriisa _ wm. markoz maxareblisaze, antioqiisa _ wm. luka maxareb-

lisaze, konstantinopolisa _ wm. ioane maxareblisaze da ierusalimisa _

Zmisa uflisa wm. iakobisaze. ra sarwmunoebac maT hqondaT da Cven da Cven

mamebs gadmogvces da rasac Cven aqamomde vicavdiT, amas exla rogor miva-

tovebT da Tqven rogor dagijerebT? da Tundac sxva uamrav marTlma-

didebel episkopozebs, mefeebs, mTavrebsa da mTel marTlmadidebel qvey-

nierebas rogor SeiZleba, rom Tavi davaneboT da marto TqvenTan gvqondes

erToba~-o?142

`raki qalkedonianoba maSindel xuTsave sapatriarqo eklesias marTlma-

didebel sarwmunoebad hqonda aRiarebuli, amitom kYrion kaTalikosis azriT,

somxuri eklesiis pretenziebi, viTomc WeSmariti sarwmunoeba mxolod mas

hqondes daculi, srulebiT usafuZvlo iyo~.143

somxeTis kaTalikoss unebebia sruli da saboloo ganxeTqilebis Camogdeba

da amiT qarTuli eklesiis TiTqosda dasja: `...607-608 wels mrgvlivmosav-

leli epistole gamosca, romlis boloSiac naTqvami iyo: `Cven berZnebis

Sesaxeb pirvel moZRvarTa gamotanili dadgenilebis... qarTvelebzec gavr-

celebas vbrZanebT, _ rom maTTan srulebiT araviTari damokidebuleba ar

hqondeT arc locvaSi, arc Wama-smaSi, arc megobrobaSi, arc Svilebis

aRzrdaSi, rom mcxeTisa da manglisis jvrebis karze salocavad aRar

gaemgzavrnen xolme da Cven eklesiebSi ar SemouSvan... am gankargulebas

Zala albanelebis Sesaxebac hqondes~-o.144

iv. javaxiSvili fiqrobs, rom am or eklesias Soris `erToba~ arsebobda

da am erTobis dacviT gansakuTrebiT somxuri mxare iyo dainteresebuli,

`rom qarTvelebi sparseTis qristianebsa da somxebs ar unda CamohSore-

bodnen da maTTan ueWvelad erToba daecvaT~.145

urTierToba qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris ramdenjerme dairRva

VI-VII saukuneebSi da kvlav aRdga. 551-54 wlebSi urTierToba dairRva,

arseni safarelis mixedviT, magram, Cans, saeklesio erToba kvlav arsebobda

(`erTobis~ arseboba saqarTveloSi sparseTis Zlierebaze iyo damokidebu-


li). kirionma VII saukunis dasawyisSi `erToba~ daarRvia. 607-9 wlebSi

darRveuli erToba kvlav aRdgenila sparseTis imperiis nebiT 614 wels,

romelic im xanebSi ise gaZlierda, rom bizantiis teritoriebic ki daipy-

ro. sparseTis am Zlierebis Jams 614 wlis krebis gadawyvetilebiT sparseTma

aiZula sparseTis saxelmwifoSi mcxovrebi qristianebi, ecnoT somxuri

eklesiis upiratesoba _ mieRoT somxuri sarwmunoeba, rac didxans ar

gagrZelebula. herakle keisris laSqrobam sparseTsa da somxeTSi monofiz-

itoba daamxo. misive iniciativiT 632 wels somxeTSi moiwvies saeklesio

kreba, romelzedac somxurma eklesiam qalkedonitoba miiRo.

qalkedonituri somxuri eklesia axla ukve bizantiisTvis gaxda misaRebi

da sasurveli, gansakuTrebiT arabobis dros.

somxur eklesiasTan kavSiri sabolood wydeba 726 wels, manaskertis

krebis Semdeg. am krebaze somxurma eklesiam uaryo qalkedonitoba da

sabolood miiRo monofizitoba. amis Semdgom, qarTul eklesias ukve sruli

ufleba (kanonikuri) da saSualeba hqonda, sarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqilebis

gamo uareyo yovelgvari kavSiri somxur eklsiasTan. VII saukuneSi ki amis

saSualeba ar hqonda, radganac VII saukuneSi somxuri eklesia oficialu-

rad qalkedonitobas aRiarebda.

me-8 saukunis Sua wlebidan somxuri eklesiis zegavlenisgan gaTavisu-

flebis Semdeg iwyeba qarTuli literaturis _ Targmanebisa da origina-

luri Zeglebis, masiuri ̀ gawmenda~ somxuri niSnebisagan. VI-VII saukuneebSi

qarTul saeklesio literaturas, nebsiT Tu uneblieT, somxur literatu-

rasTan kavSiris gamo daemCna somxuri Zeglebis mixedviT redaqtirebis

kvali, ris gamoc VIII saukunis meore naxevridan dawyebula intensiuri

muSaoba am kvalis aRmosafxvrelad. es muSaoba, Cans, mimdinareobda ara

marto saqarTveloSi, aramed bizantiis imperiis qalkedonitur garemoSi

moqceul qarTul savaneebSic.

safiqrebelia, rom im wignebs, romelTa xelaxali redaqtireba moxda

maTgan somxuri niSnebis aRmofxvris mizniT, ewodaT termini _ `qarTuli~,

ase warmoiSva `qarTuli saxareba~, `qarTuli daviTni~, `qarTuli kanoni~.146

Cans, ̀ xanmeti~ da ̀ haemeti~ Zeglebis erTi nawili misaRebi yofila da maT

`pirvelTagans~ uwodebdnen, radganac isini iyvnen berZnulidan Targmnilni

qristianobis miRebisTanave, meore nawili ki miuRebeli yofila, radganac

nasworebi yofila somxuri redaqciebis mixedviT, anda somxuridan Targm-

nilni, pirobiTad mas ̀ somxuri~ vuwodoT, da albaT aseve uwodebdnen kidec,

razedac migviTiTebs termin `qarTulis~ warmoSoba. `somxuri~ niSan-Tvise-

bis (anu redaqtirebis nakvalevis) ase Tu ise aRmofxvris Semdeg `gaw-

mendil~ Zeglebs ewodaT `qarTuli~. am SemTxvevaSi `qarTuli~ aRniSnavs

mxolod da mxolod `qarTuli eklesiisas~, `qarTuli eklesiisaTvis gamo-

sadeg wigns~, misgan gamoiricxeba eTnikuri momenti, ise rogorc sarwmunoe-


brivi momenti. `qarTveli wmidani~ da `qarTuli wigni~ albaT saeklesio

kuTvnilebas aRniSnavs. e.i. am niSnis mqone wigni ekuTvnis ara somxur-

qarTuli saeklesio erTobis epoqas, aramed mis Semdgom periods da misaRe-

bia qarTuli eklesiisaTvis amJamado.

Semdgomi xana, VIII saukunis Sua wlebidan meaTe saukunemde, k. kekeliZes

miaCnia Cveni mwerlobis erovnul xanad _ ès xana aris erovnuli xana

Cveni mwerlobisa. am xanaSi damuSavebuli literaturuli Zeglebi imdenad

arian gamsWvaluli erovnuli suliT da xasiaTiT, rom Semdegi drois, XI-

XII saukuneTa, mwerlebi maT aRsaniSnavad xSirad xmaroben teqnikur ter-

mins _ qarTuli, magaliTad, qarTuli saxareba, qarTuli daviTni, qarTuli

kanoni da sxva. es xana grZeldeba merve saukunis naxevridan meaTe sauku-

nis oTxmocian wlebamde, ese igi, Seicavs TiTqmis ornaxevar saukunes. aRniS-

nul xanaSi mZlavrad ifeTqa qarTvelebSi erovnulma suliskveTebam, frTe-

bi Seisxa erovnulma TviTSegnebam, somxebisagan eklesiurad CamoSoreba

moxda, rogorc cnobilia, sxvaTa Soris, erovnul-kulturuli ideologiis

safuZvelzedac. qarTvelebi amieridan miznad isaxaven TandaTanobiT gaTa-

visuflebas aRmosavluri saeklesio tradiciebisagan. am niadagze war-

moiSva gamwvavebuli polemika somxebTan, romelic iqamde mivida, rom

qarTvelebma warsulSiac ki uaryves yovelgvari kulturul-eklesiuri

urTierToba somxebTan...~147

qarTvelebSi erovnuli TviTSegnebis gaRvivebas xeli Seuwyo èrovnuli

gadagvarebis, denacionalizaciis saSineli katastrofis winaSe~ dgomam

èrTobis~ dros. Tu sparsTa batonobis dros qarTvelebis erTi nawili

sparsul rjuls iRebda, kidev ufro mometebuli nawili qarTvelebisa

iZulebuli iyo, aRmosavlur-somxuri qristianoba mieRo da gasomxebuliyo.

e. i. monofizitoba Tavis TavSi `gasomxebis~ elements Seicavda. aseve

arabebis batonobis dros qarTvelebis erTi nawili Tu mahmadiandeboda, kidev

ufro mometebuli nawili kvlav iZulebuli iyo somxuri eklesiis wevrad

eRiarebina Tavisi Tavi, romelic VII saukuneSi qalkedonituri iyo, rac eris

erT nawils denacionalizaciis gzaze ayenebda. qarTvelebi mimxvdaran, rom

èrTaderTi saSualeba am ubedurebisagan Tavis daRwevisa aris sakuTari

eklesiis frTeTa qveSe nacionalur-qristianuli kulturis gaRviveba~.148

qarTveli monofizitebi da somxuri eklesiiswevri qarTveli qalkedonitebi

somxuri eklesia daarsebisTanave aRmosavleTis erT-erT uZlieres ekle-

siad iqca. is gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda V-VI saukuneebSi, roca man erovnu-

li anbanis SeqmniT miiRo sulieri damoukidebloba da Zala. am dros is

upirispirdeba berZnul-romaul (anu rom-saberZneTis imperiis) eklesias


da acxadebs pretenzias, rom is mTel msoflioSi erTaderTi marTlmadide-

beli eklesiaa. sparseTis imperia gansakuTrebiT aZlierebs somxur ekle-

sias da scems kanonebs, romlis ZaliTac am imperiaSi mcxovrebi (da gan-

sakuTrebiT amierkavkasiis) qristianebi unda daeqvemdebaron somxur ekle-

sias. amis gamo saqarTveloSi mtkiced hqonda fexi mokidebuli somxur

eklesias. saqarTveloSi somxuri eklesiis wevrad qarTuli mosaxleoba

SeiZleboda gamxdariyo sxvadasxva gziT. qveyanaSi qalkedonitebi VI sauku-

nis dasawyisSi idevnebodnen, monofizitobas ki sparseTi mxars uWerda da

aRiarebda. monofizitobis centri somxuri eklesia iyo, xolo qarTuli ekle-

sia ZiriTadad qalkedonituria. garda amisa, somxur eklesias miniWebuli

hqonda mosaxleobaze zemoqmedebis ekonomiuri berketebi. somxeTis dapyro-

bis Semdeg qveynis mmarTveloba gadaeca somex samRvdeloebas. sparseTis

saimperatoro kari da somxeTis samRvdeloebis zeda fenebi SekavSirdnen.

dapyrobil qveyanaSi xarks somexi samRvdeloeba krefda, amasTanave VI

saukunis I naxevarSi `erTobis~ gamo somxur eklesias SeeZlo qarTvelebis

qveyanaSic gamoeyenebina ekonomiuri, politikuri da administraciuli zemo-

qmedebis sxvadasxva saSualebani qarTuli mosaxleobis somxuri eklesiis

mrevlad gadaqcevisaTvis.

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis mier monofizitobis aRiareba ukve somxuri

eklesiis wevrad gaxdomas gulisxmobda.

qarTveli monofizitebi gansakuTrebiT mravlad unda yofiliyvnen somx-

eTis mezobel qarTul provinciebSi: _ hereTsa da qvemo qarTlSi.149 es

qarTuli provinciebi jer IV saukunemde ramdenjerme somxeTis samefos

SemadgenlobaSi moxvedrilan, V-VI saukuneebSi qarTls ekuTvnian, magram

maTze Zlieria somxuri sarwmunoebriv-kulturuli zegavlena, radganac VI

saukuneSi TviT qarTlis samefo kargavs damoukideblobas, xolo qvemo

qarTlisa da tao-klarjeTis mosaxleobam, Cans, am provinciebze somxeTis

batonobis drosve SeiTvisa rogorc somxuri ena, aseve kultura, Tumca maT

erovnuli qarTuli TviTSegneba ar daukargavT, da erovnulad TavianT Tavs

qarTvel ers miakuTvnebdnen. am provinciebze somxurma enobriv-kulturul-

sarwmunoebrivma zemoqmedebam gaaRviZa adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi erovnuli

TviTSegneba, ramac, Tavis mxriv, gamoiwvia aq erovnuli qarTuli kulturis

arnaxuli gafurCqvna da qarTuli saxelmwifos _ tao-klarjeTis, e. w. ̀ qarTvelTa

samefos~ warmoqmna Semdgom saukuneebSi.

VI-VII saukuneebSi ki qarTveli glexebisa da dabali fenebis somxuri

eklesiis wevrad gadaqcevas, gansakuTrebiT somxeTis mosazRvre qarTul

provinciebSi, uTuod xels Seuwyobda is didi socialuri moZraobani, romelTac

adgili hqonda somxeTSi V-dan X saukunis CaTvliT.

VI saukunis Sua wlebSi somxeTSi Caisaxa pavlikianuri moZraoba, romel-

mac moicva mosaxleobis farTo fenebi da qveynis TiTqmis yvela ZiriTadi


raioni. es iyo klasobrivi brZola, religiur samoselSi gaxveuli. saqarTvelo,

iseve rogorc somxeTi, am dros sparseTis sazRvrebSia moqceuli, amitomac

maT Soris mkveTri politikuri sazRvari ar arsebobda da pavlikianur

(dabali fenebisaTvis ̀ samarTlian~) moZraobas es sazRvari ver Seaferxebda.

qarTvelebSi monofizitobis mimdevarTa Sesaxeb gamokvlevebi aqvT iv.

javaxiSvils, k.kekeliZes da sxv. maTi mtkicebiT, monofizitoba ZiriTadi

religiuri mimdinareoba yofila (ra Tqma unda, qalkedonitobasTan erTad)

VI saukunis pirvel naxevarsa da Sua wlebSi. Tu ase iyo, maSin VI saukunis

II naxevarSi, roca qarTulma eklesiam da sazogadoebam aSkarad uaryo

monofizitoba da aRiara qalkedonitoba, mas ar ahyveboda erTdroulad

mosaxleobis yvela fena, mTeli eri, radganac sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebis

Secvla saerTod Zalze rTuli procesia, romelsac ar SeiZleba erTdrou-

lad ahyves mTeli eri.

isic SeiZleba, rom VI saukunis I naxevarSi monofizitoba ar iyo ZiriTa-

di mimdinareoba da is qalkedonitobis gverdigverd arsebobda, magram,

ueWvelia, monofizitebis eklesia da monofizitoba saerTod Zlierdeboda

sparsTa mier, diofizitebi ki idevnebodnen. amitomac VI saukunis 70-ian

wlebSi, roca saqarTvelom aSkarad aRiara qalkedonitoba, ueWvelia, qarTvelTa

Soris uamravi monofiziti iqneboda.

iv. javaxiSvili wers: `...mTeli aRmosavleTi, egvipte, palestina, asureTi

da sparseTis qristianoba monofizitobas miemxro da TviT bizantiaSiac,

samefo karzec ki am moZRvrebas mimdevarni hyavda, amitom am sakiTxis

Sesaxeb qarTul wyaroebis dumili ueWvelia xelovnuri unda iyos~.150

k. kekeliZis Tanaxmad, `...Tavdapirvelad qarTlis eklesia, somxebTan er-

Tad, monofizitur an antiqalkedonur qristologias iziarebda...~151 xolo

Semdgom, VI saukunis bolodan TviT meaTe saukunemde, ebrZoda mas _ ̀ pirve-

li periodis ganmavlobaSi meaTe saukunemde, rodesac qarTul qristianobas

kavSiri hqonda umTavresad aRmosavlur qristianobasTan, mas brZola uxde-

boda iseT mwvaleblobasTan, romelmac buded gaixada aRmosavleTi _ nesto-

rianobasa da monofizitobasTan~.152

qarTveli monofizitebis raodenoba aramcire yofila TviT kirionis

drosac ki. monofizitebi yofilan ara marto qarTvelTa dabal fenebSi,

aramed qarTuli eklesiis ierarqTa Sorisac. kirionis drois qarTuli

eklesiis saxelganTqmuli episkoposi petre aris monofiziti. monofizite-

bi qarTuli eklesiis umaRles samRvdeloTa Soris Tu iyvnen, miT umetes,

mravlad iqnebodnen sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenebSi.

kirionis drois episkoposi petre istoriuli piria, is erovnebiT qarTve-

lia da moixsenieba ara marto uxtanesis mier, aramed `epistoleTa wign-

Sic~. z. aleqsiZis Tanaxmad, ̀ petre episkoposi qarTlis kaTalikosis karze

iyo da mis politikas uWerda mxars, miuxedavad imisa, rom monofizitebi


Tavis Tanamoziared Tvlidnen~.153 vrTanes qerdoli, somxeTis kaTalikosis

adgilis mcveli, qarTvel episkopos petres uwodebs marTlmadidebels,

marTlmadideblebad ki somxuri eklesia monofizitebs miiCnevda. garda amisa,

epistoledan Cans, rom petre qarTvel episkoposs Tavis Tavze miuRia monofiz-

itobis qomagoba saqarTveloSi, imisTvis, raTa qarTuli eklesia Zveleburadve

kavSirSi darCeniliyo somxur eklesiasTan. vrTanesi wers petres: _ `xolo

rogorc miiReT RmerTis qomagoba Tqvens Tavze, aseve mtkiced ideqiT mag

saqmis aRsrulebamde, raTa Rirsi SeiqmneT zeciur niWTa...~154

epistoleTa wignidan motanili am teqstidan aSkarad Cans, rom vrTanesi

amxnevebs da agulianebs qarTvel petres, raTa is kvlav mtkiced idges im

saqmis aRsasruleblad, romlis qomagobac ikisra. ra Tqma unda, es saqme aris

somxur-qarTuli eklesiebis `erToba~, Zveleburadve somxuri eklesiis upi-

ratesobiT. vrTanesi petres marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis maspinZels (e. i.

WeSmarit monofizits) uwodebs: ̀ ...rogorc maspinZeli iyav marTlmadidebeli

sarwmunoebisa, romelic daamtkica am qveyanaze ufalma RmerTma...~155 vrTanes

qerdols imedi aqvs, rom qarTveli episkoposi petre yoveli RonisZiebiT

Seecdeba, moispos qalkedonitoba anu sarwmunoebis ̀ ...is axalsaxeoba, romel-

ic Semkulia sicruiT~. is swers petres, _ ̀ Seiqen mSvidobis mizezi, raTa is

axalsaxeoba, romelic Semkulia sicruiT, moispos, WeSmariteba damyardes~.156

vrTanesi ar iSurebs epiTetebs qarTveli monofiziti episkoposis Sesa-

mkobad, _ `gvesma Seni patiosnebis Sesaxeb, rom WeSmariti sarwmunoebis

moSurne da moyvaruli xar~.157 petre epistoles gagzavnis momentSi saqarT-

veloSi rom imyofeba, iqidan Cans, rom masTan saubris dros saqarTvelos

uwodeben `Tqvens qveyanas~. ase, magaliTad: `...Tqvens qveyanaSi ganadideben

uRirs qalkedonis krebas... `saukuno mteri davrCebiT mag qveynisa~. vrTane-

si avalebs petres, misweros sparseTis xelisuflebis warmomadgenels somx-

eTSi _ marzpans _ anu, rac igivea, somxeTis mTavrebs, raTa petres TxovniT

am `somexma mTavrebma~ saqarTveloSi `saqmis gamosasworeblad~ gagzavnon

somexi samRvdeloeba.

uxtanesisa da somexi istorikosebis TvalsazrisiT, episkoposi petre

somex-qarTvelTa saeklesio erTobisaTvis aqtiurad iRvwoda, risTvisac is

qarTvel mTavrebs mouklavT. Zveli qarTveli istorikosebi petres saer-

Tod ar axseneben, iseve rogorc kirions. z. aleqsiZes miaCnia, rom episkopo-

si petre kirionis karze iyo da mis politikas uWerda mxars, rac swori

unda iyos. ismis kiTxva, ratom unda daeWira monofizit episkoposs diofiz-

iti patriarqisTvis mxari? qarTvel mkvlevarTa Soris gamoiTqva mosazre-

ba, rom kirioni iyo ara orTodoqsi qalkedoniti, aramed monoTeliti, e.i.

kirioni cdilobda qalkedonitTa da monofizitTa Serigebas. Tu es ase iyo,

maSin kirionis monoTelitoba gamowveuli iqneboda saqarTveloSi arsebu-

li sarwmunoebrivi mdgomareobiT, e.i. saqarTveloSi rogorc qalkedonitTa,

ise monofizitTa simravliT.


imisda miuxedavad, kirioni monoTeliti iyo, Tu Seurigebeli qalkedoniti,

mainc saqarTveloSi kirionis dros qarTveli monofizitebis sakmao raode-

noba iqneboda, radganac aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo sparseTis mier iyo dapy-

robili TiTqmis 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi wina saukunisa da kirionis drosac.

Tu mosaxleobis garkveuli nawili monofizituri iyo, es asaxvas hpovebda

samRvdeloebaSic da samRvdeloebis erTi nawili monofizituri iqneboda.

amiT unda iyos gamowveuli monofiziti petre episkoposis yofna kirionis

karze. cnobilia, qarTli da qarTuli eklesia saerTod qalkedonituria,

magram SeuZlebelia kirionis dros mosaxleobis yvela fena, mTeli eri

erTbaSad, erTi xelis dakvriT qalkedonituri gamxdariyo. savaraudoa, rom

ara Tu kirionis dros, aramed mis Semdgom (saukunenaxevari an ori saukune

mainc) saqarTveloSi mimdinareobda Sida saeklesio brZola monofizitebsa

da diofizitebs Soris, rac diofizitTa sruli gamarjvebiT dagvirgvinda

X-XI saukuneebSi, xolo 726 wlis manaskertis krebis Semdgom qarTuli

eklesia srulebiT ganSorda somxur eklesias, ramac Zalze ganamtkica

qalkedonitTa poziciebi qarTlSi. Tu sworia mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom

episkoposi petre kirionis politikas uWerda mxars, maSin SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom qarTveli monofizitebi patriotuli da erovnuli mosazrebiT mxars

uWerdnen ara erTmorwmune somxur eklesias, aramed kirionis brZolas

qarTuli eklesiis damoukideblobisaTvis. sparseTis saxelmwifo xels uwy-

obda somxuri eklesiis upiratesobas, rogorc qarTul, aseve albaneTis

eklesiebze. qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcia ki vrceldeboda rogorc aRmo-

savleT, aseve dasavleT saqarTveloze. kirioni marto aRmosavleT saqarTve-

los kaTalikosi ki ar iyo, aramed mas megrelTa arqiepiskoposi ewodeboda.

dasavleTi saqarTvelo ki bizantiis saxelmwifos gavlenis sferoSi Sedi-

oda. erTiani qarTuli eklesiis dayofa bizantiisa da somxeTis gavlenis

sferoebad xels uwyobda saerTod qarTuli eklesiis erTianobisa da mTliano-

bis darRvevas, es ki yoveli qarTveli adamianisaTvis, maT Soris qarTveli

monofizitebisTvisac mouTmeneli iqneboda. analogiuradve iqceodnen saekle-

sio damoukideblobis sakiTxebSi albaneli monofizitebic, es wyaroebiT

dadasturebuli faqtia (ix. aqve, qveTavi kalankatuelis `istoriis~ Sesaxeb).

Semdgom epoqaSi monofiziti qarTveli episkoposi petre gauigivebiaT

petre antioqielTan, romelic keisrebis, markianes (450-457) Tu zenonis

(474-492), dros moRvaweobda. es gaigiveba momxdara qarTlSi daaxloebiT

uxtanesis epoqaSi. SesaZloa, es moxda gangeb. IX-X-XI saukuneebSi qarTveli

istorikosebi saguldagulod faraven saqarTveloSi monofizitobis arse-

bobis damamtkicebel yovelgvar faqts. am wreebs, romelnic saerTod uary-

ofdnen saqarTveloSi qalkedonitobis garda sxva romelime religiuri

mimdinareobis arsebobis raime kvals, xels ar aZlevdaT istoriulad arse-

buli qarTveli monofiziti episkoposis petres gaxseneba, amitomac SesaZloa,


sagangebod gaweuli muSaobis wyalobiT, petre monofiziti episkoposi gaaigives

petre antioqielTan, romelic am qarTvel episkoposze saukunenaxevriT adre

cxovrobda da aseve monofizitobis saqadageblad qarTlSi Camosula.

qarTlSi rom mravlad yofilan qarTveli monofizitebi, es Cans im pasuxi-

dan, romelic zogierTma qarTvelma aznaurma miswera somxeTis kaTalikosis

adgilis mcvels vrTanes qerdols, _ `Cven es sarwmunoebaca gvaqvs da egec,

sjuls aqac veziarebiT da mandac...~ aqedan aSkarad Cans, rom qarTveli

aznaurebi iseve arian qalkedonitebi, rogorc monofizitebi. maTTvis mTavari

mniSvneloba aqvs ara sarwmunoebriv-dogmatikur kamaTs (mimarTulebas), aramed

saeklesio da erovnul damoukideblobas (es monoTelitobis is pirvelideaa,

romelic ase moewona herakle keisars saqarTveloSi (lazikaSi) yofnis dros).

kirionis moZraobas mxari dauWira mTelma erma, _ `...yvela misi axlo-

mdgomi episkoposi, mRvdeli, mTavari, mdabiori, erisTavi~, kirionis mxareze

iyo, maT Soris, qarTveli monofizitebic, radganac vrTanesisadmi gagzavni-

li pasuxidan Cans, rom qarTlis ers kirionis moZraoba esmoda ara mx-

olod rogorc sarwmunoebriv-dogmatikuri moZraoba, aramed erovnuli, romel-

ic miznad isaxavda qarTuli eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefaliis dacvas

da qarTuli eklesiis gaTavisuflebas somxur-sparsuli eklesiis gavlena-

zemoqmedebis sferodan, qarTuli saeklesio enis aRdgenas mTel eTnikur-

istoriul qarTlSi, maT Soris, curtavSic. qarTvel aznaurTaTvis sarwmu-

noebriv-dogmatikuri sakiTxi gadamwyveti ar iyo, aznaurebi aseve weren

vrTaness: `...moses Tu unda, movides, Cven kaTalikoss daemorCilos, radgan

eg ufro sasiamovnoa, da Tavisi adgili daikavoso.~ mose curtavis episko-

posi aSkara monofiziti episkoposi iyo, qarTveli aznaurebi ki mas qarTl-

Si kaTedras aZleven, Tuki qarTvel eklesiis meTaurs daemorCileba. aqedan

Cans, rom qarTls mTavar saqmed miaCnia somxeTTan saeklesio kavSiris

gawyveta. qarTveli aznaurebi sixaruliT da siamovnebiTac miiReben monofizit

episkoposs im pirobiT, Tu is aRiarebs qarTuli eklesiis administracias.

TviT bizantiis imperiaSi monofizitTa Zlierebis dros kirioni da qarT-

li imdenad uaryofen monofizitobas, ramdenadac am monofizitobas somx-

uri eklesia iyenebs qarTul eklesiaze Tavisi zedamxedvelobisa da ufle-

bamosilebisTvis. savaraudoa, monofizitoba miuRebeli yofila ara mxolod

dogmatikuri TvalsazrisiT, aramed imitom, rom monofizitoba xels uwyob-

da qarTuli eklesiis daqvemdebarebas ucxo eklesiaze. qarTvelebi ibrZvi-

an saeklesio da aqedan gamomdinare, erovnul-kulturuli damoukideblobi-

saTvis. qarTlSi mravlad arian monofizitebi, am didi ideis momxreni.

amitomac weren qarTveli aznaurebi, _ `Cven es sarwmunoebaca gvaqvs da

egec~, e. i. qarTvelTa Soris qalkedonitebic arian da monofizitebico.

qarTvelebi, rogorc qalkedonitebi, aseve monofizitebi ibrZvian imisTvis,

rom somxur eklesias ar hqondes qarTul eklesiaze upiratesoba da qarTuli


eklesia damoukidebeli iyos. es SemTxveva sruliad analogiuria albane-

Tis eklesiaSi Seqmnili mdgomareobisa. albaneli monofizitebic ibrZvian

Tanamorwmune somxuri eklesiisgan ganTavisuflebisTvis, _ `...somxebi iTx-

ovdnen albanelebze sakadris upiratesobas, rasac albanelebi ar daemor-

Cilnen, aramed gamoaCines vinme pirveli mociquli, albaneTSi mosuli..., romelsac

iq adre uqadagia ... albanelebi somxebisagan Tavis Tavs miubrundnen, rom ar

yofiliyvnen vismes xelmwifebis qveS~.158 es cnoba amoRebulia mose kalankat-

uelis `alvanTa qveynis istoriidan~. albaneTis istorikosTa Soris miRebu-

li yofila azris imis Sesaxeb. rom monofiziturma albaneTis eklesiam

moisurva monofizituri somxuri eklesiisgan damoukidebloba: `...albaneTis

eklesiam somxurisagan damoukidebloba moisurva rogorc kavkasiaSi yvel-

aze ufro Zvelma da moipova kidec~.159

rogorc albanelebi ibrZvian saeklesio damoukideblobisTvis, aseve ibrZvian

qarTvelebic, amitomac udganan kirions mxarSi. `erTobis~ darRveva al-

banelTa da qarTvelTa saerTo mizani yofila.