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2008

arabunebrivi katastrofebi

UnnatUral Disasters

Sesavali

yoveldRiurad ufro da ufro met informacias viRebT

msoflioSi momxdari katastrofebis Sedegad garemosa

da sazogadoebisaTvis miyenebuli zianis Sesaxeb.

sxvadasxva saxis katastrofebs Soris gansakuTrebuli

adgili bunebriv katastrofebs uWiravT, romelTa mier

gamowveuli ekonomikuri zarali bolo wlebis ganmav-

lobaSi ramdenime aTeuli miliardi dolariT ganisaz-

Rvreba. bunebrivi katastrofebi bunebrivi garemos

gauaresebasTan erTad did socialur da demografiul

zians ayeneben qveynebis umravlesobas. bunebrivi

katastrofebis Sesaxeb msoflio bankis 2005 wlis

moxsenebis mixedviT, msoflio mosaxleobis nax-

evarze meti - 3.4 miliardi adamiani - cxovrobs ar-

ealSi, sadac, sul cota, erTi bunebrivi katastrofis

dasabuTebuli saSiSroeba arsebobs. 160 qveyanaSi

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis meoTxedze meti cxovrobs

bunebrivi katastrofebis maRali riskis mqone terito-

riebze1.

katastrofebis epidemiologiuri kvlevis centris

mier 2007 wels momzadebuli angariSis mixedviT,

2006 wels bunebrivi katastrofebiT gamowveulma

ekonomikurma zaralma 34 miliardi dolari Seadgina2.

STambeWdavia bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegebis

salikvidaciod daxarjuli Tanxis raodenobac. moviy-

vanT msoflios masStabiT am miznebiT daxarjuli

Tanxis arasrul nusxas: ukanaskneli ori aTwleulis

manZilze (1980-2003 wlebSi) mxolod msoflio bankma

gasca 14.4 miliardi aSS dolaris gadaudebeli sesxi

bunebrivi katastrofebiT yvelaze metad dazaralebuli

20 qveynisaTvis. 1999-2003 wlamde msoflioSi momx-

dari bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad miyenebulma

ekonomikurma zaralma 212.692 miliardi dolari Sead-

gina. aqedan yvelaze meti evropisa da aziis qveynebze

modis, sadac zarali 161.5 miliardi dolari iyo3.

1. (ECLAC, World Bank) “Natural Disaster Hotspots: A Global Risk Analysis Risk Identification for Disaster Risk Management Maxx Dilley International Research Institute for Climate Prediction”.2. P. Hoyois, R. Below, J-M Scheuren, D. Guha-Sapir; Annual Disaster Statistical Review: Numbers and Trends 2006; Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters; Brussels, May 2007.3. D. Guha-Sapir, D. Hargitt, P. Hoyois; Thirty Years of Natural Disasters 1974-2003: The Numbers; Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters; Louvain, 2004.

qarTuli realoba

bunebrivi katastrofebis sixSiris TvalsazrisiT, erT-erTi problemuri qveyana saqar-

Tveloa. sayuradReboa saerTaSoriso kvleviTi centrebis monacemebi, romlebic

asaxaven saqarTvelosaTvis bunebrivi katastrofebiT miyenebul da SesaZlo zarals.

SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs samxreT kavkasiis regionSi saqarTvelos ori mezobeli

qveynis, somxeTisa da azerbaijanis, monacemebi, saidanac naTlad Cans, rom bolo 10

wlis ganmavlobaSi bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad saqarTvelosaTvis miyenebuli

zarali 3-jer da ufro metad aRemateba uSualod mosazRvre qveynebis imave maCvenebels:

saqarTvelo 337 719,246 552 4

somxeTi 107 297,000 100 20.8

azerbaijani 113 43,964 170 1.5

qveyana 1999-2003 wlebSi miyene-buli ekonomikuri zarali (mln. aSS dolari)4

1999-2008 wleb-Si bunebrivi katastrofebiT dazaralebuli ada-mianebis raode-noba5

1999-2008 wleb-Si bunebrivi katastrofe-biT miyenebuli ekonomikuri zarali (mln. aSS dolari)6

SesaZlo bune-brivi katastrofe-biT gamowveuli ekonomikuri zara-lis wliuri riski(miliardi aSS dolari)7

miuxedavad saqarTvelos teritoriis farTobis SedarebiTi simcirisa, misi bunebrivi

pirobebi (mdebareoba geologiurad aqtiuri ubnebis teritoriaze, reliefi, klimati,

hidrografiuli qseli, flora, fauna da a.S.) gamoirCeva mniSvnelovani mravalfe-

rovnebiT. bunebrivi pirobebis mravalferovneba, erTi mxriv, warmoadgens unikalur

resurss, xolo, meore mxriv, gamomdinare bunebrivi procesebis aqtiurobidan, romelic

damaxasiaTebelia amgvari regionebisaTvis, mniSvnelovan siZneleebs qmnis qveynis

ganviTarebisaTvis.

bunebrivi katastrofebis sakiTxze muSaobisas saxelmwifos midgoma, saukeTeso

SemTxvevaSi, or ZiriTad komponents unda moicavdes:

1. moaxdinos arsebuli resursebis mobilizeba bunebrivi katastrofebis

prognozirebasa da prevenciaze, rac TavisTavad gulisxmobs im struqturebis

gaZlierebas, romlebic pasuxismgebeli arian saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis

prognozirebasa da prevenciuli zomebis dagegmva-ganxorcielebaze.

2. maqsimalurad srulyos ukve damdgari uaryofiTi Sedegebis likvidaciaze

pasuxismgebeli struqturebi. rac, erTi mxriv, katastrofebis Sedegad miRebuli

ekonomikuri zaralis Semcirebasa da, meore mxriv, operatiuli reagirebis

SemTxvevaSi, adamianTa msxverplis maqsimalurad Tavidan acilebas uzrunvelyofs.

4. Cristoph Pusch; Prevantable Losses: Saving lives and Property through Hazard Risk Management, (A Comprehensive Risk Management Framework for Europe and Central Asia; The World Bank, October 2004).5. “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database www.em-dat.net - Université Catholique de Louvain - Brussels - Belgium”.6. “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database www.em-dat.net - Université Catholique de Louvain - Brussels - Belgium”.7. Cristoph Pusch; Prevantable Losses: Saving lives and Property through Hazard Risk Management, (A Comprehensive Risk Management Framework for Europe and Central Asia; The World Bank, October 2004).

Sesavali | 3

situacia rTuldeba, rodesac saxelmwifos moqmedeba uwevs SezRuduli resursebis

pirobebSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi, rogorc wesi, ZiriTadi aqcenti gadadis am ori mi-

marTulebidan erT-erTze.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, ibadeba kiTxvebi: romeli midgoma ufro marTebulia

saqarTvelosaTvis da romeli mimarTulebiT unda moxdes resursebis mobilizeba.

amJamad saqarTvelos xelisuflebis midgoma meore mimarTulebaze aqcentirebas gulis-

xmobs, risi TvalsaCino dadasturebacaa qveyanaSi bunebrivi procesebis monitoringsa

da prevenciaze pasuxismgebeli struqturis - garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis

saministros - monitoringisa da prognozirebis centris, amJamad garemos erovnuli

saagentos, programuli dafinanseba:

# weli biujeti larebSi

1 2006 2 224 000

2 2007 1 535 000

3 2008 2 235 000

2008 wels centris dafinanseba (hidrologiuri sadgurebis sareabilitacio samuSaoebis

xarjze) 2 235 000 laramde gaizarda. miuxedavad am zrdisa, monitoringisa da prog-

nozirebis centris biujeti garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros

mTliani biujetis 6% Seadgens, rac dReisaTvis am mimarTulebis araprioritetulobaze

miuTiTebs.

Sefasebis struqtura

am Sefasebis mTavari mizania, warmodgena Seuqmnas mkiTxvels, zogadad, msoflioSi

da, konkretulad, saqarTveloSi bunebrivi katastrofebis marTvis sakiTxebTan dakav-

Sirebul zogad mdgomareobasa da problemebze.

aRniSnuli naSromi Semdegnairadaa agebuli: pirveli nawili aRwers ukanasknel wlebSi

saqarTveloSi momxdar bunebriv katastrofebs, maT sixSiresa da masStabebs. moyva-

nili monacemebis gasamyareblad warmovadgenT Cven mier SerCeul regionebSi (aWar-

is mTianeTi da samegrelo - zemo svaneTi) arsebul mdgomareobas da konkretuli

magaliTebis safuZvelze SevafasebT im saSiSroebebs, romlebic emuqreba am region-

ebsa da maT mosaxleobas.

meore Tavi ZiriTadad Seexeba bunebrivi katastrofebis gamomwvev anTropogenur

mizezebs, rogoricaa: xe-tyis Wra, wiaRiseuli resursebis araswori eqspluatacia, wylis

kalapotebis Caxergva da klimatis cvlileba. vnaxavT, ramdenad saWiroa am tipis saqmi-

anobaSi winaswari prognozireba da ramdenad axdenen isini gavlenas saSiSi bunebrivi

procesebis gaaqtiurebaze.

bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad gamowveuli zaralis Sefaseba iqneba mesame Tavis

ZiriTadi Tema. kerZod, vaCvenebT, ra Tanxas xarjavs saqarTvelo bunebrivi katastro-

febis Sedegebis likvidaciaze da ramdenad srulfasovnad uzrunvelyofs es Tanxa am

4 | Sesavali

process. am TavSive yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier ekomi-

grantebisaTvis gaweuli sxvadasxva saxis daxmarebebze. vnaxavT, rom maTi gadasax-

leba saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi xSir SemTxvevaSi warmoqmnis damatebiT socialur,

ekonomikur da, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, politikur problemebsac ki.

meoTxe Tavis Sinaarsi koncentrirebuli iqneba mTavrobis mier dRemde gaweul saqmi-

anobebze bunebrivi katastrofebis monitoringisa da prognozirebis saqmeSi, agreTve

dReisaTvis am mimarTulebiT arsebul tendenciebze. es Tavi moicavs saqarTvelos

garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros 1999-2007 wlebis biujetis

analizs bunebrivi katastrofebis monitoringis, prognozirebisa da prevenciis

kuTxiT. am TavSive iqneba moyvanili saxelmwifo struqturebis mier ganxorcielebuli

monitoringisa da prognozirebis Sedegad bunebrivi katastrofebis Tavidan acilebis

an maTi zaralis sagrZnoblad Semcirebis konkretuli magaliTebi. warmovaCenT moni-

toringisa da prognozirebis centris saqmianobis efeqturobas.

mexuTe TavSi yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iqneba imaze, Tu ra SeiZleba gakeTdes bunebri-

vi katastrofebis Semcirebis mizniT an, saerTod, Tavidan acilebisaTvis. aq iqneba

Tavmoyrili msoflioSi adaptirebul midgomebze dayrdnobili Cveni rekomendaciebi.

Sesavali | 5

Tavi IsaxifaTo tendencia:

bunebrivi katastrofebis

sixSire da masStabi

saqarTvelos reliefi, hidrografiuli qseli, meteorologiuri pirobebi da garemoze

maRali anTropogenuri zewola, xelsayrel pirobebs qmnian iseTi bunebrivi katastro-

febis ganviTarebisaTvis, rogoricaa: Rvarcofi, mewyeri, mdinaris mier napirebis

Camorecxva, teritoriis datborva da sxv.

ukanasknel wlebSi saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli bunebrivi stiqiuri movlenebis statis-

tikis warmoCenisas daveyrdnobiT monitoringisa da prognozirebis centris, Sinagan

saqmeTa saministros sagangebo situaciebis departamentis monacemebsa da Cven mier

sakvlevad SerCeuli raionebis mmarTvelobiTi struqturebis informaciebs.

saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros monitoringisa da

prognozirebis centris8 monacemebiT, bolo wlebSi momxdari bunebrivi katastrofe-

bis sixSire da masStabi mkveTrad gaizarda, gansakuTrebiT mTagorian da mTispira

raionebSi. 2004 wels gaaqtiurebulma geologiurma stiqiurma procesebma 2005 wels

kulminacias miaRwies. qveynis masStabiT maRali saSiSroebis riskis zonaSi moeqca

190-mde dasaxlebuli punqti:

5,221 2,880 9,610 111

Sefasebuli saxlebis raodenoba

dazianebuli saxlebis raodenoba

sabrunavidan amovardnili miwis fondi (ha)

dangreuli da dazianebuli saavtomobilo gzebi (km)

am stiqiuri procesebis Sedegad gansakuTrebiT dazianda mcxeTa-mTianeTis, samegrelo

- zemo svaneTis, aWaris, raWa-leCxumis, qvemo svaneTisa da guriis mxareebi. amave

wels, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros monacemebiT, stiqiuri movlenebis gamo 86-jer

gamocxadda sagangebo mdgomareoba:

saSiSi geologiuri procesebis TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelosaTvis 2006 weli 2005

welTan SedarebiT ufro stabiluri iyo. amis erT-erT ZiriTad mizezad specialistebi

saqarTveloSi naleqebis saSualo mravalwliuri raodenobis simcires asaxeleben. miuxe-

davad am xelSemwyobi faqtorisa, saqarTvelos zogierT raionSi bunebrivi stiqiuri

procesebisagan, kerZod, mewyrisa da Rvarcofisgan gamowveuli zarali sakmaod didi

iyo. gansakuTrebulad maRali saSiSroebis riskis zonaSi aRmoCndnen zugdidis, cager-

is, Coxataurisa da duSeTis raionebi, sadac 1 200-ze meti sacxovrebeli saxli dazianda:

8. saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros monitoringisa da prognozirebis centris werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #17/1924, 04.12.2007.

35 213 185 95 69

daRupuli adamianebis raodenoba

daSavebuli adamianebis raodenoba

dazianebuli eleqtrogadamcemi anZebis raodenoba

dangreuli da dazianebuli gzebis sigrZe (km)

dangreuli da dazianebuli xidebis raodenoba


sixSire da masStabi | 7

mniSvnelovnad dazianda agreTve kaxeTis gazmomaragebis axmeta-TianeTis 300 mm-iani

diametris gazsadenis monakveTi9.

9. saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros monitoringisa da prognozirebis centris werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #17/1924, 04.12.2007.

saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros monacemebiT, 2007 wlis ganmavlobaSi

saqarTvelos teritoriaze bunebrivi katastrofebis gamo 205-jer gamocxadda sagange-

bo mdgomareoba:

calke warmovadgenT Cven mier sakvlev obieqtebad SerCeuli raionebis monacemebs:

mestiis municipalitetis monacemebiT, 2004-2005 wlebSi bunebrivi katastrofebis

Sedegad dazaralebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis raodenoba 880 ojaxs Seadgens. stiq-

iis Sedegad dazaralebuli ojaxebis nawili (86 ojaxi) gadasaxlebul iqna saqarTvelos

sxvadasxva raionSi.

3 416 286 260



damwvari tyis farTobi (ha)

datborili saso-flo-sameurneo savargulebis farTobi (ha)

35 213 185 95 69



dazianebuli eleqtrogadamcemi anZebis raodenoba

dangreuli da dazianebuli gzebis sigrZe (km)

dangreuli da dazianebuli xidebis raodenoba

2006 wels mewyrul-Rvarcofulma procesebma gansakuTrebuli ziani miayenes transkavka-

siur 1 200 da 700 mm-iani diametris magistralur gazsadenebs.

sur. #1

transkavkasiuri 1 200 mm-iani gazsadenis RvarcofiT

dazianebuli monakveTi md. qabarjinas xeobaSi (yazbegis

r-ni). garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros

monitoringisa da prognozirebis centri

sur. #2

axmeta-TianeTis monakveTze mewyruli procesebiT daziane-

buli gazsadenis mili, kaxeTis gazmomaragebis milsadeni.

garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros

monitoringisa da prognozirebis centri

8 | bunebrivi katastrofebis

sixSire da masStabi

Semdgom wlebSi (2006-2007) ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros mier damatebiT

gadasaxlebul iqna kidev 40 ojaxi10. magram miuxedavad ojaxebis gadasaxlebisa, adgilze

situaciis Seswavlam gvaCvena, rom problema amiT ar amoiwureba. amJamad arsebuli

mdgomareobiT, kvlav rCebian ojaxebi, romlebsac gadasaxlebis safrTxe emuqrebaT.

mestiis raionSi situaciis adgilze gacnobisas davrwmundiT, rom stiqiuri katastro-

febi da misgan miyenebuli ekonomikuri zarali, faqtobrivad, mosaxleobis cxovrebis

ganuyofel, Tanamdev nawilad iqca. Rvarcofi, grigali, mewyeri, gaxizvna, droebiTi

TavSesafari, auRebeli Tu aRebuli mosavlis dakargva, pirutyvis daxrCoba - es yve-

laferi adgilobrivTaTvis ukve cxovrebis Cveulebrivi mdgomareobaa. 1

mestiaSi momxdari yvela katastrofa pirdapir aisaxeba walenjixis raionis engurispi-

ra soflebze. wyalmovardnis dros enguris wyalsacavi umarTavi xdeba da erTaderTi

gamosavali wylis qvemo dinebaSi gaSvebaa. Sedegad, mdinare ezoebsa da yanebs tbo-

ravs, saxlebs azianebs, itacebs pirutyvs.

aris adgilebi, sadac mdinaris kalapoti napirebze maRlaa da Tu saswrafod ar gai-

wminda, masStaburi katastrofa moxdeba. amis Sesaxeb energetikis saministros, hidro-

proeqtisa da yofili qonebis dacvis saministros daskvnebic arsebobs, Tumca dRemde

ver xerxdeba Tanxis gamonaxva problemis mosagvareblad.

walenjixis problemebi, ra Tqma unda, enguriT ar amoiwureba. aq TiTqmis yvela mdin-

are, Rele da ferdobi problemuria. amis dasturad mogvyavs amonaridi sofel Cqvaleris

erT-erTi mcxovrebis monaTxrobidan:

`wyavis xeebi, ferdobis ZirSi

rom moCans, ezoSi medga. ezo 6-7

metriT win iyo, mere gza gadioda,

mere - sasaflao, mere - Cais plan-

tacia. 4-5 welia, rac stiqia daiwyo.

axla aRarc Cais plantaciaa, aRarc

sasaflao, gza Cemi ezos siRrmeSi

gadis, imis iqiT mewyeria da es

gzac Tan miaqvs. ori wlis win 21

saflavi amoTxares da sxva adgilas

gadaitanes. axla iqidanac sxvagan

gadatanaa saWiro. Cvens sofelSi 20-

mde saxli Suazea gaxleCili da wyali

oTaxebSi gadis.

10. mestiis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli-sadmi (CENN) #11, 08.02.2008.



sur. #3

daba mestia - ubani laRami, RvarcofsaSiSi ubani. kavkasiis

garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli (CENN)

walenjixis municipalitetis monacemebze dayrdnobiT, bunebrivi katastrofebis Sed-

egad 1999-2006 wlebSi dazaralda 245 ojaxi, maTgan 117 ojaxi mewyerma daaziana11.

kidev ufro mZime mdgomareobaa mTian aWaraSi. mTis soflebis wyalgaumtari Tixnari

masivebi ferdobebze micocavs da saxlebi baRebianad miaqvs. aseT soflebSi adami-

anebi sicocxlis riskis fasad cxovroben da saswrafo evakuacias saWiroeben.

qedis raionSi 1999-2007 wlebSi bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad dazaralda 523 ojaxi12.

raionis sakrebulos Tavmjdomaris informaciiT, ramdenime sofelSi cxovreba SeuZle-

beli gaxda. aq bunebrivi katastrofebis safrTxe Tovlis dnobis dawyebisTanave

Cndeba.

gazafxulobiT sofel jalabaSvilebis miwis didi nawili, daaxloebiT 17-18 heqtari,

moZraobas iwyebs. amas betonis Senoba ver uZlebs. xis saxli ufro gamZlea, magram

bolos isic ingreva.

saswrafo evakuacias saWiroebs sofel uCxiTis erT-erTi ubani, sadac miwisqveSa

napralidan wylis xmauri ismis da Tovlis dnobis dawyebisTanave 17 ojaxis sicocx-

les safrTxe eqmneba.

mudmivi SiSis qveS uxdeba cxovreba sofel kokotauris 30-mde ojaxsac. geologiuri

daskvnebiT, SesaZloa, maT Tavze arsebuli mTa moulodnelad mowydes da saxlebi

damewyros.

sofel woniarisTan mdinare aWariswyalma jebiri gaarRvia da 3 saxls 7-8 metrze mi-

uaxlovda.

11. walenjixis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli-sadmi (CENN) #87, 06.02.2008.12. qedis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #156, 18.02.2008.

sur. #5

qedis raioni. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis

qseli (CENN)

sur. #4

nodar Wanturia, sofeli Cqvaleri: `wyavis xeebi, ferdobis ZirSi

rom moCans, ezoSi medga~. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTav-

robo organizaciebis qseli (CENN)


sixSire da masStabi



analogiuri mdgomareobaa Suaxevis raionis soflebSic. aq bunebrivi katastrofebis

Sedegad dazaralebulia 1 300 ojaxi. maT Soris 214 ojaxs miniWebuli aqvs dazianebis

xarisxis I da II kategoriebi (I kategoria - yvelaze mZime), 309 - III kategoria, 500 - IV

kategoria13.

sofel CanCxalos hidrogeologiurma Seswavlam aCvena, rom aseulobiT saxli aSenebu-

lia iseT gruntze, romlebic miwisqveSa wylebis Zlieri zemoqmedebis qveS imyofeba.

didi miwisqveSa napralebi TovlSic ki advilad SesamCnevia. saxlebi dangrevis pirzea.

soflebis - neniisa da buTravlis - sazRvarze mTis mwvervalis teqtonikuri rRvevis

Sedegad masivis mTlianoba darRveulia da, geologebis SefasebiT, mosalodnel stiq-

ias SeiZleba adamianTa msxverpli mohyves.

2007 wels bunebrivi katastrofebis axali kera dafiqsirda sofel oqtomberSi. im

mTis qveS gaCenilma napralma, romelic ramdenime ojaxs Tavze dahyurebs, SesaZloa,

mTis CamoSla da amiT didi tragedia gamoiwvios.

saerTo suraTSi gamonakliss ar warmoadgens arc xulos raioni. 1999-2007 wlebSi aq

bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad 1 173 ojaxi dazaralda. I kategoriis ziani miadga

54 ojaxs, II - 72 ojaxs, III - 110 ojaxs, IV - 937 ojaxs. aqedan, saqarTvelos ltolvilTa

da gansaxlebis saministrom 2004-2007 wlebSi 340 komli gadaasaxla saqarTvelos sxva-

dasxva regionSi14.

2002 wlidan mewyrulma procesebma soflebSi - paqsaZeebsa da danisparaulSi - reliefi

sruliad Secvala.

13. Suaxevis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli-

sadmi (CENN) #21/56, 07.02.2008.14. xulos municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #10/42, 15.02.2008.

sur. #6

Suaxevis raioni. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis

qseli (CENN)

warmodgenili statistikuri masala da dazaralebuli raionebis adgilze kvlevis Sede-

gebi mowmobs, rom stiqiuri movlenebis ricxvi saqarTveloSi sakmaod didia. arsebuli

situacia ki safuZvels gvaZlevs, vifiqroT, rom maTi raodenoba momaval wlebSi kidev

ufro gaizrdeba. stiqiuri movlenebis prevencias, ZiriTadad, monitoringisa da prog-

nozirebis centri (2008 wlis seqtembridan - garemos erovnuli saagento) axorcielebs.

aq ki viTareba Semdegnairia: garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros

monitoringisa da prognozirebis centris mier 2004 wlidan dRemde ar Catarebula

srulyofili regionaluri monitoringi; amitom, 2007 wlis moxsenebis mixedviT, prog-

nozi zogadi xasiaTisaa. amis mTavari mizezi, centris TanamSromlebis azriT, aris

finansuri da materialuri resursebis simcire, rac ganapirobebs aucilebeli winas-

wari saprognozo informaciis naklebobas. regionaluri monitoringuli SefasebiTi

kvlevebi ganxorcielda mxolod urbanizebuli teritoriebis farglebSi da isic Sez-

Rudulad. moklevadiani prognozebis damuSavebas arTulebs is garemoebac, rom 2000

wlidan dRemde centrs ar gaaCnia saSiSi geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis grZel-

vadiani prognozi. bolo grZelvadiani gegma sabWoTa periodSi momzadda. zemoTqmu-

lidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia, davaskvnaT, rom saprognozo da fonuri informaciis

nakleboba Sesabamisad ganapirobebs srulfasovani prevenciis SeuZleblobas, rac

katastrofuli movlenebis ricxvis zrdaSi gamoixateba.

samomavlo tendenciis TvalsazrisiT, aRsaniSnavia is, rom geologiuri procesebis

prognozireba umeteswilad dakavSirebulia atmosferuli naleqebis raodenobasTan. at-

mosferuli naleqebis zrda an naleqebis saSualo mravalwliani raodenobis Tanafardi

raodenobiT mosvla gamoiwvevs geologiurad mgrZnobiare farTobebze mewyersa da

Rvarcofs. monitoringisa da prognozirebis centris hidrometeorologiuri samsaxuris

monacemebiT, 2007-2008 wlebis zamTarSi mosuli naleqebis raodenobis maCvenebeli

30%-iT ufro maRalia naleqebis saSualo mravalwliur maCvenebelze.


sixSire da masStabi

sur. #7

xulos raioni. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis

qseli (CENN)

Tavi IIbunebaTsargeblobidan

bunebriv katastrofamde:

anTropogenuri

mizezebiT gamowveuli

bunebrivi katastrofebi

zogadad, bunebriv katastrofas vuwodebT yvela im tipis bunebriv movlenas, romelTa

Sedegebi uaryofiTad aisaxeba adamianTa sazogadoebis cxovrebis sxvadasxva as-

peqtze da romlebic iwveven materialur zarals an/da, uares SemTxvevaSi, adamianTa

msxverpls. gansakuTrebul zians iwveven is movlenebi (miwisZvra, xanZari), romelTa

winaswari prognozireba SeuZlebelia da romelTa warmoqmna da mimdinareoba stiqiur

xasiaTs atareb. aqve aucilebelia iTqvas, rom mecnierebis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove

etapze aseTi movlenebis nusxa mniSvnelovnad Semcirda.

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, bunebrivi katastrofebi bunebaSi mimdinare procesTa

is kategoriaa, romelic uaryofiTad aisaxeba adamianTa sazogadoebaze. anu amgvari

procesebi mudmivad mimdinareobs da axasiaTebs garkveuli perioduloba. garda am

tipis movlenebisa, ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze, rodesac ukiduresad gazrdilia

bunebriv procesebSi adamianis Carevis xarisxi, gamoikveTa bunebrivi katastrofe-

bis axali tipi, romelTa mizezs adamianTa sazogadoebis mier bunebrivi resursebis

araswori eqspluatacia warmoadgens. am tipis movlenebs Cven anTropogenuri mizeze-

biT gamowveul bunebriv katastrofebs vuwodebT. maTi speqtri sakmaod farToa da

vlindeba, dawyebuli, lokaluri da, damTavrebuli, globaluri masStabiT. ase, magaliTad,

globaluri anTropogenuri bunebrivi movlenaa e.w. globaluri daTboba, romlis Sesa-

Zlo uaryofiTi Sedegebi srulad jer kidev ar aris gaazrebuli.

saqarTvelos rTul bunebriv pirobebs, romlebic xSiri bunebrivi kataklizmebis wina

pirobas warmoadgenen, xSir SemTxvevaSi kidev ufro arTulebs adamianis mier bune-

brivi resursebis araswori gamoyeneba. am TavSi Cven SevecdebiT, saqarTvelos magali-

Tze avsaxoT is uaryofiTi movlenebi, romlebic ZiriTadad gamowveulia adamianTa

saqmianobisa da maT mier bunebrivi resursebis araswori eqspluataciis Sedegad.

amasTan aRvniSnavT, rom sxvadasxva tipis zianis struqturireba sakmaod pirobiTia,

radgan, rogorc cnobilia, buneba warmoadgens erTian kompleqss, sadac mis erT rome-

lime komponentze zemoqmedeba avtomaturad niSnavs sxva komponentebis gaaqtiurebas.

ase rom, faqtobrivad, erTi romelime konkretuli ziani, romelsac adamiani ayenebs

bunebas, mravali bunebrivi katastrofis mizezi xdeba. xolo mravali sxvadasxva tipis

saqmianoba, romelic zians ayenebs garemos, gvaZlevs erTgvar kumulaciur efeqts, rac

aisaxeba kidec uaryofiTi stiqiuri procesebis gaaqtiurebaSi.

anTropogenuri mizezebiT

gamowveuli bunebrivi katastrofebi14 |

xe-tyis Wra

xe-tyis Wra iseTi qveynisaTvis, rogoric saqarTveloa, gansakuTrebiT frTxil damok-

idebulebas moiTxovs. rogorc cnobilia, tyis umniSvnelovanes funqcias misi wyal-

maregulirebeli da niadagdacviTi Tvisebebi warmoadgens. misi es Tvisebebi gansa-

kuTrebiT aqtualurobas iZens rTuli da danawevrebuli reliefis pirobebSi maRalmTian

regionebSi, swored iseTSi, rogoricaa saqarTvelos umetesi nawili. aseT regionebSi

xe-tyis Wra gansakuTrebuli wesebiT aris daSvebuli (ase, magaliTad, saqarTveloSi moq-

medi regulaciebiT akrZalulia xis moWra 35 gradusze meti daxrilobis ferdobebze, am

akrZalvis ZiriTadi mizani swored tyeebis niadagdacviTi funqciis SenarCunebaa).

am mxriv ukanaskneli aTwleulis manZilze saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani zarali miadga.

mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT tyis ukontrolo da ukanono Wris Sedegad gaCanagda

mTis tyeebis didi nawili. garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros sa-

tyeo departamentis monacemebiT, 1995-2000 wlebSi oficialurad moiWra 310 000-dan

370 000 m3-mde saSeSe da samrewvelo daniSnulebis xis masala; Tumca, maTive monace-


gamowveuli bunebrivi katastrofebi| 15

sur. #8

mitovebuli saxerxi daba lentexSi, qvemo svaneTi. kavkasiis garemos-

dacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli (CENN)

mebiT, aralegalurma Wram am wlebSi 700 000 m3 Seadgina (araoficialuri monacemebiT,

mxolod 1996 wels 2.5 mln. m3 xe-tye moiWra). am wlebSi saqarTveloSi 1 heqtarze 300-

400 m3 tyis merqani mzaddeboda. Tumca saqarTvelosaTvis tyis mdgradobis SesanarCu-

neblad 1 heqtarze 7-8 m3 tyis merqnis damzadebaa rekomendebuli. yovelive zemoTqmu-

lidan gamomdinare cxadia, rom tyeebi veRar asruleben wyalmaregulirebel funqcias da

uxvi naleqebis SemTxvevaSi xelsayreli pirobebi iqmneba wyaldidobebisa da wyalmo-

vardnebisaTvis. ukanaskneli wlebis manZilze saqarTveloSi ganviTrebuli wyaldido-

bebi swored tyis arsebuli mZime mdgomareobis gamoZaxilia. garda wyaldidobebisa,

aRniSnuli procesebi xels uwyoben eroziuli da mewyruli procesebis ganviTarebas.

swored amgvar situaciasTan gvaqvs saqme Cven mier gamokvleul regionebSi. amasTan,

mewyruli procesebi gansakuTrebiT aqtiurdeba uxvi naleqebis pirobebSi. ase rom, xSir

SemTxvevaSi mas Tan erTvis wyaldidobebic da Sedegad viRebT Rvarcoful warmonaqm-

nebs.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ukanasknel periodSi gaxSirebuli wyaldidobebis, wyalmovardne-

bisa da Rvarcofuli movlenebis erT-erT Zireul da umTavres mizezad swored tyis

resursebis araswori eqspluatacia gvevlineba.

dReisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom satyeo departamentisa da gare-

mos erovnuli saagentos erToblivi daskvnebis safuZvelze SemuSavebul iqnes tyis

resursebis mdgradi marTvis konkretuli wesebi da am wesebsa da saqarTvelos relie-

fis Taviseburebebze dayrdnobiT moxdes qveynis masStabiT im satyeo ubnebis gan-

sazRvra, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba sxvadasxva tipis tyiT sargebloba. gansakuTrebiT

mniSvnelovania is, rom amis gakeTeba moxdes manam, sanam gaicema satyeo farTobe-

bze tyis resursebiT sargeblobis mokle an grZelvadiani licenziebi.

sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis eqspluatacia

saqarTveloSi warmoqmnil bunebriv katastrofebs Soris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani ad-

gili eroziul da mewyrul movlenebs ukavia. saerTaSoriso kvlevebis Tanaxmad, saqarT-

veloSi 10 000-mde mewyruli procesia identificirebuli, saidanac 3 000 dReisaTvis

aqtiuria15. gansxvavebul informacias iZleva monitoringisa da prognozirebis centri,

romlis mixedviTac, dafiqsirebuli 50 000 mewyruli procesidan aqtiuria 10 000. eroz-

iuli da mewyruli procesebis umTavresi uaryofiTi Sedegi maRalproduqtiuli sasoflo-

sameurneo miwebis dakargvaa: oficialuri monacemebiT, bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi

10 000 heqtarze meti sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis fondi amovarda brunvi-

dan. Tumca, eqspertebis azriT, es ricxvi realurad gacilebiT didia. amasTan, aRsani-

Savia isic, rom es zarali saqarTvelos yvelaze mciremiwian mTian regionebs miadga.

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, am problemis erT-erTi mTavari mizezi tyis resursebis

araswori eqspluataciaa, rasac emateba sasoflo-sameurneo RonisZiebebis saqarTveloSi

gavrcelebuli aramdgradi praqtika, romlis safuZvelsac sabWoTa periodis kolmeur-

neobebSi danergili agroteqnikuri RonisZiebebi warmoadgens. amgvarma praqtikam

sabolood moSala tradiciuli, mdgradi meurneobis warmoebis tipebi (mag., ferdobebis

dateraseba, sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis irigacia). Sesabamisad, tyis araswor eqsplu-

atacias emateba meurneobis warmoebis araswori praqtika da saxeze gvaqvs erTgvari

kumulaciuri efeqti, rasac Sedegad mosdevs nayofieri miwebis dakargva. es ki isedac

mciremiwiani saqarTvelosTvis mniSvnelovan danakliss warmoadgens.

15. Cristoph Pusch; Prevantable Losses: Saving lives and Property through Hazard Risk Management, (A Comprehen-sive Risk Management Framework for Europe and Central Asia; The World Bank, October 2004.



sur. #9

mdinare aWariswyali. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo

organizaciebis qseli (CENN)



soflis meurneobis aramdgradi meTodebis gamo gansakuTrebuli problema swored

mTian regionebSi iqmneba, iq, sadac miwas cicabo ferdobebze amuSaveben. bunebrivi

kordis daSla iwvevs erozias da viTardeba axali mewyruli kera. garemos dacvisa da

bunebrivi resursebis saministros poziciiT, saqarTveloSi gaumarTlebelia saxnavis,

saTibebisa da saZovrebis eqspluataciisTvis ferdobis daxrilobis evropuli stan-

dartis SemoReba, romelic garkveuli daxrilobisa da niadagis agebulebis ferdobebze

konkretuli sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobebis SezRudvebs awesebs (qarTuli istoriuli

soflebis didi nawili swored cicabo ferdobebzea ganlagebuli da aseTi SezRudvis

daweseba regionebis daclas gamoiwvevs).

rac Seexeba aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis mTavrobas, igi gamosavals swored mTis

gantvirTvaSi xedavs. aWaris mTavrobis Tavmjdomare levan varSalomiZe am azrs

ubralo statistikiT amyarebs: `Tu 15 wlis win xulos raionSi 15 000 kaci cxovrobda,

dRes aq 36 000 adamiani cxovrobs. Warbi mosaxleobis gamo garemoze dawola izrdeba,

iCexeba meti tye, xdeba araswori ganaSenianeba da ferdobebis sasoflo-sameurneo

daniSnulebiT gamoyeneba, rac sabolood bunebrivi katastrofiTa da tragediiT

mTavrdeba.

eqspertebis azriT, mTis mosaxleobisagan dacla gamosavali ar aris. maT evropuli

qveynebis magaliTi mohyavT, sadac mTa swored soflis meurneobis mdgradi meTode-

bis danergviT gadaarCines.

samwuxaroa, rom saqarTveloSi dReisaTvis TiTqmis ar arsebobs garemos erovnuli

saagentosa da soflis meurneobis saministros TanamSromloba, rac aucilebelia

saqarTvelos mTiani regionebis miwaTsargeblobis mdgradi principebis SemuSavebi-

saTvis, sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis sxvadasxva saxis saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis

Sedegad dazianebuli ubnebis identificirebisa da miwaTsargeblobis dargSi swori

midgomebis momzadebisaTvis.

aucilebelia, rom soflis meurneobis saministrom glexebs gaacnos miwis damuSave-

bis Tanamedrove midgomebi da meTodebi. saWiroa, am mizniT momzaddes da ganxor-

cieldes piloturi proeqtebi da sxvadasxva formiT waxalisebul iqnes mdgradi soflis

meurneobis praqtika.

inertuli masalebis amoReba mdinareebis kalapotebidan

mniSvnelovan zians ayenebs bunebas da xSir SemTxvevaSi mravali bunebrivi katastro-

fis mizezi xdeba mdinaris kalapotidan inertuli masalebis araswor adgilas da

araswori meTodebiT amoReba. aRniSnuli saqmianoba iwvevs Rvarcofuli movlenebis

gaaqtiurebasa da mdinaris sanapiro xazis rRvevas, rac aseve momavali bunebrivi

katastrofebis wina piroba xdeba da, amasTan, xSir SemTxvevaSi sanapirosTan axlos

ganlagebuli sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis kargvas ganapirobebs.

qviSa-xreSis mopoveba, ZiriTadad, mdinareebis kalapotebSi natani masalis amoRebis

gziT xdeba. am saqmianobis daugegmavi da winaswari gaTvlebis gareSe ganxorcieleba

mniSvnelovnad zrdis bunebrivi katastrofebis mosalodnel albaTobas. zemo aWaris

raionebSi xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca arasworad ganxorcielebuli qviSa-xreSis amoRe-

bis Sedegad mdinarem waiRo adgilobrivi mosaxlis miwis nakveTi. sapilote raionebSi

muSaobis dros aseTi saxis ramdenime SemTxvevas wavawydiT. magaliTisaTvis SeiZle-

ba moviyvanoT TviT daba qeda, sadac mdinare safrTxes uqmnis sacxovrebel saxls,

romelSic ramdenime ojaxi cxovrobs.



sur. #10

qedis raioni, sof. dologani, inertuli masalis amoReba md. aWarisw-

ylidan. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli

(CENN)



bolo wlebSi gansakuTrebiT gaizarda bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad sagzao in-

frastruqturisaTvis miyenebuli zaralis raodenoba. suraTze asaxulia SemTxveva, roca

arasworad ganxorcielebulma qviSa-xreSis amoRebam safrTxe Seuqmna ori soflis da-

makavSirebel xids, romelic qedis raionis gamgeobam 2007 wels SeakeTa da amisaTvis

raionis biujetidan ramdenime aTasi lari daixarja.

sur. #12

qedis raioni - sof. dologani, inertuli masalis amoReba

md. aWariswylidan. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo

organizaciebis qseli (CENN)

sur. #11

qedis raioni - sacxovrebeli saxli daba qedisi. kavkasiis

garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli

(CENN)

dReisaTvis Tbilisi-senakis saavtomobilo magistralis goris monakveTze centraluri

xidis dazianebis erT-erTi mizezi SeiZleba swored mdinare liaxvidan qviSa-xreSis

araswori mopoveba iyos. mdinaridan inertuli masalis amoRebis Semdeg xSir SemTx-

vevebSi izrdeba mdinaris siCqare. amis gamo ki SesaZlebelia, xidis sayrdenma boZebma

ver gauZlos gazrdil zewolas da seriozulad daziandes.

sur. #13

goris raioni - md. liaxvis dazianebuli xidi. kavkasiis

garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli (CENN)

zemoTqmulis miuxedavad, mdinareebis kalapotebidan inertuli masalis amoRebasTan

dakavSirebuli situacia mravalmxriv analizs moiTxovs. am SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia

calsaxad imis mtkiceba, rom kalapotidan masalis amoRebas mxolod uaryofiTi Sede-

gebi moaqvs. kerZod, eqspertebis erTi nawilis azriT (rasac xelisuflebac iziarebs),

stiqiuri movlenebis gaaqtiurebis erT-erTi mizezi mdinareTa kalapotebis inertuli

masaliT amovsebaa. anu, Sesabamisad, qviSa-xreSis mopoveba garkveul SemTxvevaSi

garemoze dadebiT zegavlenas axdens. isic cnobilia, rom igive saqmianoba kalapotis

gaswvrivi eroziisa da zRvispira teritoriebis datborvis mizezi xdeba.

eqsperti geologebis umetesobis azriT, SeuZlebelia, yvela mdinaris mimarT erT-

nairad gamarTlebuli iyos Teoria, TiTqos kalapotidan inertuli masalebis amoReba

saWiroa da es garemozec dadebiTad aisaxeba. yvela konkretul SemTxvevaSi adekvaturi

gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis aucilebelia srulfasovani kvlevis Catareba.

`zRvisa da mdinareTa napirebis regulirebisa da sainJinro dacvis Sesaxeb saqarT-

velos kanonis me-9 muxlis mixedviT, mdinaridan inertuli masalebis amoReba mxolod

im SemTxvevaSia dasaSvebi, Tu natanis akumulirebis ubnebi napirebis eroziis mizezs

warmoadgens da maTi gantvirTviT es problema ixsneba.

erT-erT aseT ubnad gasul wels mdinare aWariswyalze dologanis ubani ganisazRvra da

qviSa-xreSis mopovebaze gaica licenzia. specialistTa azriT, aq dagrovili natanis

datoveba ufro met safrTxeebs moicavda, vidre misi amoReba.

zRvis gaaqtiurebisa da sanapiro zolis mitacebis Seuqcevadi procesis fonze dRis

wesrigSi dadga samTo karierebis moZieba. sagulisxmoa, rom arc mTis karierebia

ekologiurad usafrTxo da maTze Catarebulma afeTqebebma SeiZleba mewyruli procese-

bi gaaaqtiuros. afeTqebebis Sedegad mewyruli kerebis gaaqtiurebis magaliTi Suaxevis

raionis sofeli CanCxalocaa, sadac ramdenime wlis win gzis gayvanis mizniT war-

moebda afeTqebebi, ramac axali mewyruli kerebis warmoqmna da manamde arsebuli kere-

bis gaaqtiureba ganapiroba. igive SeiZleba iTqvas daba mestiazec, sadac analogiuri

mizeziT gaaqtiurebulma mewyerma erT-erTi ubani mTlianad daangria.

problemidan erTaderTi gamosavalia: saqarTvelos reliefis, hidrografiuli qselisa da

biomravalferovnebis specifikurobidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania is, rom zustad

moxdes im adgilebis identificireba, sadac SesaZlebelia qviSa-xreSis mopoveba gare-

mosaTvis zianis miyenebis gareSe.

wiaRiseuli resursebis mopoveba

wiaRiseuli resursebis mopoveba umniSvnelovanesi safrTxis matarebelia, bunebrivi

katastrofebis gamowvevis TvalsazrisiT. erT-erTi mTavari mizezi, ris gamoc am-

Jamad wiaRiseuli resursebis mopovebis arsebuli praqtika winaaRmdegobaSi modis

mdgradi ganviTarebis moTxovnebTan, aris sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebaze licen-

ziebis gacemaSi garemos erovnuli saagentos umniSvnelo roli. bunebrivi resursebis

mopovebis licenziis gayidvamde, rasac dReisaTvis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis samin-

istro axorcielebs, centri valdebulia, Seafasos adgilze resursis mopovebasTan





dakavSirebuli yvela konkretuli SemTxveva, miiRos gadawyvetileba dagegmili saqmi-

anobis mizanSewonilobaze da SeimuSaos konkretuli moTxovnebi mewarmeebisaTvis,

rac resursis mdgrad mopovebas uzrunvelyofs. bolo wlebSi licenziebis gacemisas

TiTqmis sruliad iyo gamoricxuli resursis mopovebis Sedegad garemoze SesaZlo

uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis winaswari Sefaseba da prognozireba. centris materialur-

teqnikuri baza da saqmianobisaTvis gamoyofili dro praqtikulad imas niSnavda, rom

licenziebi brmad gaicemoda. Sesabamisad, amgvari praqtika xSir SemTxvevaSi sxva miz-

ezebTan erTad momavali bunebrivi katastrofebis mizezic xdeboda da dResac xdeba.

dReisaTvis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis

saministroebis mier muSavdeba bunebriv resursebze licenziis gacemis axali proce-

durebi, sadac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, rom moxdes garemos erovnuli

saagentos rolisa da funqciis swori gansazRvra.

aucilebelia garemos erovnuli saagentos materialur-teqnikuri bazis ganaxleba, velze

samuSaoebisaTvis saWiro Tanxis gamoyofa, agreTve, centrisaTvis sakmarisi drois

micema, rom moxdes sakiTxis sruli Seswavla da saTanado moTxovnebisa Tu rekomen-

daciebis SemuSaveba bunebrivi resursis mopovebis licenziiT dainteresebuli me-

warmisaTvis. es, erTi mxriv, Tavidan agvacilebs axali saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis

warmoqmnas da, meore mxriv, uzrunvelyofs mewarmis biznesis mdgradobasa da Semosav-

lianobas.

rogorc cnobilia, adamianis aramdgradi sameurneo saqmianoba xSir SemTxvevaSi iwvevs

bunebrivi katastrofebis ganviTarebas. swored amitom migvaCnia aucileblad im

saxelmwifo uwyebebis gaZliereba, rogorc struqturulad, ise sakanonmdeblo doneze,

romelTa uSualo movaleobaSi Sedis winaswari eqspertizis Catareba SesaZlo bunebrivi

kataklizmebis prognozirebisa da Tavidan acilebis mizniT.

sur. #14

dariSxanis warmoebis narCeni sofel canasTan, qvemo svaneTi.

kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli

(CENN)

Tavi IIIbunebasTan konfliqtis

safasuri:

saxelmwifosa da

mosaxleobisaTvis

miyenebuli zarali

saxelmwifosa da mosaxleobisaTvis

miyenebuli zarali| 23

bunebrivi katastrofebiT gamowveuli zarali - socialuri, ekonomikuri, demografiuli

Tu sxva - Zalian didia. zaralis SefasebisaTvis Cven gadavwyviteT misi struqturi-

reba, Sesabamisad, zaralis raodenoba Sinaarsobrivad or ZiriTad nawilad gavyaviT da

pirobiTad maT pirdapiri da arapirdapiri zarali vuwodeT.

1. pirdapiri zarali. pirdapir zaralSi vgulisxmobT bunebrivi katastrofebiT

gamowveul aunazRaurebel zarals, anu adamianTa msxverpls, agreTve xelisufleb-

is mxridan gamoyofil finansur daxmarebas ekomigrantebis gadasaxlebisTvis

maTTvis sacxovrebeli saxlebis SesaZenad, gzebisa da sxva saxis komuni-

kaciebis aRsadgenad.

2. arapirdapiri zarali. arapirdapir zaralSi vgulisxmobT ekomigrantebis Casa-

xlebis adgilebSi gamowveul socialur-ekonomikur, iuridiuli da, zog

SemTxvevaSi, politikuri xasiaTis problemebs.

pirdapiri zarali

saqarTvelos mTavroba sxvadasxva meTodiT cdilobda da cdilobs bunebrivi katastro-

febis Sedegad warmoqmnili problemebis mogvarebas. kerZod, prezidentis sarezervo

fondidan, mTavrobis sarezervo fondidan da saqarTvelos biujetidan ramdenjerme

gamoiyo fuladi saxsrebi ekomigrantebisaTvis saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi sax-

lebis SesaZenad. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom aseTi finansuri daxmarebebi, ZiriTadad,

spontanur xasiaTs atarebda.

saqarTvelos prezidentis sarezervo fondidan gamoyofili Tanxis statistika Semde-

gnairia: 1997 wels prezidentis gankargulebiT 3 mln. aSS dolari (1997 wlis saSualo

wliuri kursiT - 1 aSS dolari 1.3 lari), 3,9 mln. lari gamoiyo ekomigrantebisaTvis

walkis raionSi mitovebuli saxlebis Sesasyidad16. am Tanxidan mxolod mcire nawili

daixarja daniSnulebisamebr. 2002 wels saprezidento fondidan gamoiyo 160 000

lari 22 saxlis SesaZenad sofel spasovkaSi (ninowmindis raioni), Tumca 22 saxlis

nacvlad mxolod 11 iqna SeZenili. 1997-2007 wlebSi prezidentis sarezervo fondi-

dan, Cven mier mopovebuli monacemebiT, 8 170 050 laris odenobis Tanxa gamoiyo

bunebrivi katastrofebisgan dazaralebuli mosaxleobis dasaxmareblad (ix. cxrili #1.

saqarTvelos prezidentis 1997 wlis gankarguleba).

16. Jonathan Wheatley: Defusing Conflict of Tsalka District of Georgia: Migration, International Intervention and the Role of the State (ECMI Working Paper No.36, December 2006), p. 9.

wyaro: saqarTvelos prezidentis administraciis werili #18/331 15.01.2008, finansTa

saministros werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli-

sadmi (CENN) #04-02/889 06.02.2008

1998 wels gamovida prezidentis pirveli gankarguleba ekomigrantebisaTvis iuridi-

uli da socialuri problemebis mogvarebis Sesaxeb, romlis safuZvelzedac Camoyalibda

ekomigraciis procesis monitoringis sistema. am procesis monitoringis Sedegad

dadginda, rom 1987 wlidan 4 284 ojaxs unda mieRo sacxovrebeli saxli. realurad ki

im droisTvis mxolod 2 880 ojaxi iyo gadasaxlebuli da aSenebuli - 3 090 saxli.

weli gankargulebis nomeri da TariRi Tanxa larebSi

1999 #837, 7 ivlisi 80,000

2001 #174, 1 marti 19,400

2001 #688, 4 ivlisi 1,650

2002 #449, 22 aprili 200,000

2002 #179, 19 Tebervali 1,000,000

2002 #1217, 24 seqtemberi 40,000

2002 #1550, 16 dekemberi 1,500,000

2002 #1611, 27 dekemberi 50,000

2003 #272 13 marti 228,000

2003 #1091, 4 aprili 30,000

2004 #838, 17 aprili 9,000

2004 #908, 18 oqtomberi 798,000

2005 #539, 6 ivlisi 4,000

2007 #320, 21 ivnisi 150,000

sul 4,110,050


miyenebuli zarali24 |

cxrili #1 bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad gamowveuli zaralis asanazRaureblad saqarTvelos prezidentis

sarezervo fondidan gamoyofili Tanxa:



yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mopovebidan

2004 wlamde ekomigrantebisaTvis saxelmwifos daxmarebas, SeiZleba iTqvas, usistemo

da araefeqturi xasiaTi hqonda17.

17. Resettlement of Ecologically Displaced Persons Solution of a Problem or Creation of a New? Eco-Migration in Georgia 1981 – 2006 Tom Trier & Medea Turashvili ECMI Monograph #6 August 2007 p19.

weli gankargulebis nomeri da TariRi Tanxa larebSi

2005 #77, 26 marti 36,000

2005 #122, 14 aprili 15,000

2005 #129, 17 aprili 30,000

2005 #190, 20 maisi 1,200.000

2005 #191, 20 maisi 138,000

2005 #239, 10 ivnisi 59,000

2005 #240, 10 ivnisi 5,000

2005 #260, 23 ivnisi 5,000

2005 #261, 23 ivnisi 500,000

2005 #264, 23 ivnisi 910,000

2005 #329, 4 agvisto 475,000

2005 #530, 3 dekemberi 10,000

2006 #15, 18 ianvari 1,550

2006 #322, 28 ivlisi 78,000

sul 3,462.550

cxrili #2 bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad gamowveuli zaralis asanazRaureblad saqarTvelos mTavrobis

sarezervo fondidan gamoyofili Tanxa:

2004 wels ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis ministrma mTavrobis brZanebis safuZvelze

Seqmna ekomigraciis procesis regulaciis komisia walkis, axalqalaqisa da ninowmindis

raionebSi. am komisiis mTavari mizani iyo ekomigraciis procesis kanonier CarCoeb-

Si moqceva da misi SezRudva aRniSnul raionebSi. amgvari komisiis Seqmnis saWiroeba

dRis wesrigSi dadga mas Semdeg, rac moxda dapirispireba eTnikur niadagze Camosax-

lebul da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris (ramdenime aseT konfliqts adamianTa msxver-

plic mohyva). magram es komisia araefeqturi aRmoCnda.

2004 welsve saqarTvelos mTavrobam SeimuSava axali programa ekomigrantebis dasax-

mareblad, maTTvis saxlebis SesaZenad. programis ganxorcielebis pirvel wels SeZenil

iqna 160 saxli walkis raionSi, 10 - TeTriwyaros raionSi, 2005 wels SeZenil iqna 53

saxli TeTriwyaros raionSi, 124 - walkis raionSi, 2 - bolnisis raionSi da 1 - gard-

abnis raionSi18.

2006 wlis martSi ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministrom axali programa daiwyo bune-

brivi katastrofebiT dazaralebuli ojaxebis oficialuri sainformacio bazis Sesaqm-

nelad. saministrom Seqmna Sefasebis specialuri sistema dazaralebis xarisxis Sesafa-

seblad, romlis mixedviTac moxdeboda mosaxleobis gadasaxleba. dazaralebis xarisxis

Sefasebis sistemaSi 4 kategoria gamoyves:

• kategoria #1 - katastrofis Sedegad dangreuli sacxovrebeli saxli

• kategoria #2 - katastrofis Sedegad dazianebuli sacxovrebeli saxli, romelic

sacxovreblad uvargisia da aRdgenac SeuZlebelia

• kategoria #3 - katastrofis Sedegad dazianebuli sacxovrebeli saxli, romlis

aRdgenac SesaZlebelia

• kategoria #4 - sacxovrebeli saxli, romelic katastrofis Sedegad ar dazianebula,

magram mis garSemo arsebuli miwa dazianda da uvargisia gamosayeneblad

ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros monacemebiT, saqarTvelos masStabiT

katastrofebiT dazianebuli sacxovrebeli saxlebi, am 4 kategoriis mixedviT, Semdeg-

nairad gadanawilda:

18. Resettlement of Ecologically Displaced Persons Solution of a Problem or Creation of a New? Eco-Migration in Georgia 1981 – 2006 Tom Trier & Medea Turashvili ECMI Monograph #6 August 2007 p19



regionebi kat. 1 kat. 2 kat. 3 kat. 4 sul

samcxe-javaxeTi 678 52 1,226 8 1,964

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 85 84 467 132 777

guria 308 359 995 895 2,557

imereTi 1,203 2,629 8,506 666 13,004

samegrelo-

zemo svaneTi 305 739 1,341 678 3,063

raWa-leCxumi 316 544 999 922 2,781

kaxeTi 123 59 557 160 899

Sida qarTli 798 614 1,279 67 2,758

qvemo qarTli 32 11 236 0 279

aWara 189 469 558 2,052 3,063

sul 4,037 5,560 16,164 5,580 31,341

wyaro: saqarTvelos ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros werili kavkasiis garemos-

dacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) 14.12.2007 #01/01-17/7924.

2006 wels ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros monacemebiT, 210 sacxovrebeli

saxli Tavisi sakarmidamo miwis nakveTiT iqna SeZenili, romlis saerTo Rirebuleba

1 216 271,65 lari iyo. 2007 wels igive maCvenebeli, Sesabamisad, iyo 187 saxli - 999

940,21 lari19 (ix. cxrili #4).

19. saqarTvelos ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros 10.01.2008 #01/01-17/39 werili kavkasiis gare-mosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN).



cxrili #3 bunebrivi katastrofebiT dazianebuli sacxovrebeli saxlebi, Sefasebuli dazianebis kategoriebis

mixedviT (saqarTvelos masStabiT)

weli Tanxa larebSi

2006 1,216,271.65

2007 999,940.21

sul 2,216,211.86

ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros mier saxlebis

SeZenaze daxarjuli Tanxa 2006-2007 wlebSicxrili #4

garda imisa, rom bunebrivi katastrofebi mniSvnelovan zians ayeneben mosaxleobas

da saxelmwifos uxdeba dazaralebuli mosaxleobisTvis damatebiTi finansuri daxmare-

bis gaReba, stiqias mwyobridan gamohyavs komunikaciis saSualebebi, rogoricaa: saav-

tomobilo gzebi, maRali Zabvis eleqtrogadamcemi xazebi, navTob da gazsadenebi.

saqarTvelos saavtomobilo departamentis monacemebze dayrdnobiT, 2005-2007 wlebSi

bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad dazianebuli saavtomobilo gzebis reabilitaciaze

mTlianad daxarjulia 12 699 600 lari (ix. cxrili # 5).

weli Tanxa larebSi

2004 wlis stiqiis salikvidacio Tanxa, daxarjuli 2005 wels 8,771,000


sul 12,699,600

bunebrivi stiqiiT dazianebuli saavtomobilo gzebis

reabilitaciisaTvis daxarjuli Tanxacxrili #5


wyaro: saqarTvelos saavtomobilo gzebis departamentis werili kavkasiis garemos-

dacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #05-06/5454, 24.12.2007

unda aRiniSnos, rom geologiuri stiqiis Sedegad dazianebuli saavtomobilo gzebis

mniSvnelovani raodenoba modis qveynis mTagorian raionebze. dazianebuli komunika-

ciebi ZiriTadad Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi da adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebia.

saqarTvelos energetikis saministros monacemebiT, 2001 - 2007 wlebSi bunebrivi

stiqiis Sedegad dazianebuli eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis aRsadgenad 3 550 000 laramde

daixarja20.1.

bolo xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier bunebrivi katastrofebis

Sedegebis salikvidaciod gaRebuli Tanxis raodenoba warmodgenilia cxrilSi #6.

20. saqarTvelos energetikis saministros werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizacie-bis qselisadmi (CENN) #05/290, 26.02.2008.



uwyeba Tanxa larebSi

prezidentis sarezervo fondi 4,009,000

mTavrobis sarezervo fondi 3,462,550

sul 25,937,361

bolo xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier bunebrivi

katastrofebis Sedegebis salikvidaciod gaRebuli Tanxis raodenobacxrili #6

ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministro 2,216,211

saavtomobilo gzebis departamenti 12,699,600

energetikis saministro 3,550,000

rogorc vxedavT, bunebrivi katastrofebis salikvidaciod bolo xuTi wlis ganmavloba-

Si saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier daxarjuli Tanxa, arasruli gaangariSebiT, TiTqmis

26 mln. lars Seadgens. gasaTvaliswinebelia agreTve is garemoeba, rom xSir SemTx-

vevaSi gamoyofili Tanxis sididis miuxedavad, srulad ar xdeba miyenebuli zaralis

anazRaureba, anu es Tanxa zaralis mxolod garkveul nawilze gvaZlevs warmodgenas.

aqve aRvniSnavT, rom zemoT moyvanili statistika mxolod pirdapiri zaralis ekviva-

lenturi maCvenebelia, realuri zarali ki, arapirdapiri zaralis gaTvaliswinebiT, gac-

ilebiT didia. xSir SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifos danaxarji mis salikvidaciod gacilebiT

metia. gacilebiT didi arapirdapiri zaralis ricxobriv maCvenebelSi gamoxatva sak-

maod rTulia, amis gamo misi Sefaseba xSirad yuradRebis miRma rCeba.

saintereso suraTs iZleva agreTve bunebrivi katastrofebis salikvidaciod konkretu-

li raionebis mixedviT daxarjuli Tanxis analizi. qvemoT vaCvenebT Cven mier sakv-

lev obieqtebad SerCeuli raionebisaTvis bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad miyenebul

zarals da viZleviT realurad gaweuli daxmarebis SedarebiT analizs.

mestiis raionisaTvis bunebrivi katastrofebiT miyenebuli finansuri zarali Sead-

gens 4 mln. lars. saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier stiqiuri movlenebis Sedegebis salikvi-

dacio RonisZiebebis Casatareblad mestiis municipalitetisTvis 2004 wels gamoyo-

fil iqna 600 000 lari. 2005 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobis gankargulebis safuZvelze

raionSi mcxovreb 94 ojaxs gaewia finansuri daxmareba, sul 470 000 laris odeno-

biT21. realuri zarali Seadgens 4 mln. lars, salikvidaciod gamoyofilia 1 070 000

lari. sxvaoba 2 930 000 lars Seadgens, anu am Tanxis ekvivalenturi zarali aunazRau-

rebelia.

2007 wels stiqiuri movlenebiT gamowveulma finansurma zaralma walenjixis raionSi

Seadgina 413 920 lari. 2007 wels dazaralebul ojaxebs adgilobrivi biujetidan 18 300

laris odenobis finansuri daxmareba gaewiaT22. am SemTxvevaSi realuri zarali Sead-

gens 413 920 lars, gamoyofilia 18 300 lari, sxvaoba - 395 620 lari.

21. mestiis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli-sadmi (CENN), #11, 8.02.2008.22. walenjixis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli-sadmi (CENN), #87, 06.02.2008.



1999-2007 wlebisTvis Suaxevis raionis teritoriaze bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad

miyenebuli zarali 10-15 mln. lars Seadgens. adgilobrivi biujetis sarezervo fondi-

dan mosaxleobisaTvis yovelwliurad dasaxmareblad gamoiyofa 20-25 aTasi lari. 2007

wels dazaralebuli ojaxebisaTvis adgilobrivi biujetidan 25 000 lari gamoiyo. 2007

wels aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis

saministros mier stiqiiT dazaralebul 19 ojaxs gaewia erTjeradi finansuri dax-

mareba 95 000 laris odenobiT. saqarTvelos ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministrom

stiqiiT dazaralebul 10 ojaxs gadasca 10 000 laris odenobis finansuri daxmareba23.

am SemTxvevaSi 8 wlis manZilze zarali 10-15 mln. lars Seadgens, zaralis asanazRau-

reblad mTlianobaSi amave periodSi gamoyofil iqna daaxloebiT 330 000 lari. saWiro

iyo, sul cota, 10-14 mln. lari. 1

1999-2007 wlebSi bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad adgilobrivma mosaxleobam, qedis

gamgeobis monacemebze dayrdnobiT, ganicada 3 130 024 laris finansuri zarali. 2007

wels adgilobrivma gamgeobam 5 ojaxs gauwia erTjeradi finansuri daxmareba, 5 000

laris odenobiT - TiToeuls24. am SemTxvevaSi zarali 3 130 024 lars Seadgens, ofi-

cialurad gaweuli daxmareba ki 25 000 laria.

saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier xulos raionis mosaxleobisaTvis bunebrivi stiqiis

Sedegad miyenebuli zaralis odenoba cnobili ar aris, magram cnobilia dazaralebuli

ojaxebis raodenoba, rac 1 173 komls Seadgens. saxelmwifos mier finansuri dax-

mareba gaewia 49 komls, daxmarebis saerTo raodenobam Seadgina 2 910 024 lari25.

zemoT moyvanil statistikaze Tvalis erTi gadavlebiTac naTlad Cans, rom realuri

zarali gacilebiT didia, vidre saxelmwifos mier gaweuli finansuri danaxarji. mx-

olod Cven mier aRweril 4 raionSi es sxvaoba 20 mln. laris farglebSi meryeobs.

Tu am 4 raionis statistikas ganvazogadebT mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT, advili

warmosadgenia bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad miyenebuli mxolod pirdapiri zaralis

realuri sidide.

23. Suaxevis municipalitetis gamgeobis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizacie-bis qselisadmi (CENN) #21/56, 07.02.2008.24. qedis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #156, 18.02.2008.25. xulos municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #10/42, 15.02.2008.



arapirdapiri zarali

garda imisa, rom mosaxleoba da mTlianad saxelmwifo ganicdis pirdapir zarals, bune-

briv katastrofebs axasiaTebs e.w. arapirdapiri zaralic. arapirdapir zaralSi vgulisx-

mobT ekomigrantebis Casaxlebis adgilebSi adaptaciiTa da integrirebiT gamowveul

socialuri, iuridiuli da rig SemTvevebSi politikuri xasiaTis problemebs.

I) sacxovrebeli saxliT uzrunvelyofa. saxelmwifom ekomigrantebTan mimarTebaSi

aRebuli valdebulebebi mxolod nawilobriv Seasrula. zogierTi gadasaxlebuli

ojaxisaTvis sacxovrebeli saxli saerTod ar aRmoCnda nayidi, saxli an uvargisi

iyo sacxovreblad da sakuTari saxsrebiT unda daesrulebinaT, an TviTon

moeyvanaT wesrigSi. garda amisa, axlad aSenebuli saxlebi ekomigrantebs im piro-

biT gadasces, rom isini 25 wlis Semdeg gaxdebodnen maTi kanonieri mesakuTree-

bi. magram es piroba ignorirebul iqna im ojaxebis mier, romlebic ver Seeguen

adgilobriv garemos da aralegalurad gayides saxlebi. amis Sedegad (uZravi

qonebis kanonieri mesakuTris vinaoba bundovani gaxda) kerZo sakuTrebis

uflebebi, piradi registracia gaxda qaosuri26. saxelmwifom agreTve ver SeZlo

axali soflebis infrastruqturiT, sasmeli da sarwyavi wyliT uzrunvelyofa

saWiro finansebis naklebobis gamo. 1

II) sasoflo-sameurneo miwiT uzrunvelyofa. daZabulobis ZiriTadi mizezi ekomi-

grantebsa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris aris sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis

gadanawileba, radganac miwa Semosavlis erTaderTi wyaroa adgilobrivi mosaxleo-

bisaTvis. 2005 wlis "saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi myofi sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis

privatizaciis" saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad, savargulebis privatizacia

ganxorcielda pirdapiri miyidviT, specialuri da Ria auqcioniT. samcxe-javaxeTsa

da qvemo qarTlSi ekomigrantebis did nawils privatizaciis Sedegad sasoflo-

sameurneo miwebis mcire raodenoba Sexvda. es, ZiriTadad, gamowveuli iyo,

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, uZravi qonebis kanonieri mesakuTris saTuoobis gamo

kerZo sakuTrebis uflebis, piradi registraciisa da sxva iuridiuli formalobe-

bis qaosurobis, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis piradi interesebisa da sxva subieqturi

faqtorebis gamo. savargulebis araTanabari gadanawileba xSir SemTxvevaSi

gadaizarda eTnikur daZabulobaSi.

amrigad, Cven mier mopovebuli informaciiT, bunebrivi katastrofebiT saxelmwifos-

Tvis miyenebulma pirdapirma finansurma zaralma ukanasknel wlebSi daaxloebiT 30

mln. lari Seadgina. arapirdapiri zarali gacilebiT didia, rom araferi iTqvas adami-

anebisaTvis miyenebul moralur da fsiqologiur zianze.

26. Resettlement of Ecologically Displaced Persons Solution of a Problem or Creation of a New? Eco-Migration in Georgia 1981 – 2006 Tom Trier & Medea Turashvili ECMI Monograph #6 August 2007 p48.



Tavi IVsaSiSi bunebrivi

procesebis prevencia 2004

wlidan saxelmwifos

prioriteti aRar aris:

biujetis analizi

garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros, iseve, rogorc mTeli qveynis,

biujeti 1999-2003 wlebSi Zalian mcire iyo da metwilad simbolur xasiaTs atarebda.

misi dinamika Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:

1999 w. - 1 463 600 lari, 2000 w. - 491 400 lari, 2001 w. - 546 000, 2002 w. - 688 200,

2003 w. - 510 000. am periodSi saministros biujetidan gaRebuli Tanxis didi wili ad-

ministraciul xarjebze modioda, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom am (saxelmwifo biujeti-

dan gamoyofili) metad mwiri dafinansebidan saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitor-

ingis, prognozirebisa da prevenciisaTvis saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoyofili Tanxa

garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosaTvis gamoyofil wliur biujets

utoldeboda da rig SemTxvevebSi aRemateboda kidec.

am wlebSi saxelmwifo biujetidan saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitoringis, prog-

nozirebisa da prevenciisaTvis gamoyofili Tanxis Sesaxeb SeiZleba vimsjeloT im

struqturebis (garemos dacvis laboratoria, araxelsayrel hidrometeorologiur movle-

nebze aqtiuri zemoqmedebisa da radiolokaciuri uzrunvelyofis samsaxuri, bunebis

stiqiuri procesebisa da sainJinro geoekologiuri kvlevebis centri "stiqia", Savi

zRvis ekologiisa da Tevzis meurneobis samecniero-kvleviTi instituti, saqarTvelos

hidrometeorologiisa da garemos monitoringis samsaxuri) dafinansebis analizze

dayrdnobiT, romlebic saqarTvelos prezidentis 2005 wlis 17 dekembris #1061 brZa-

nebulebiT reorganizebul iqnen da maT bazaze Seiqmna sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli

piri - monitoringisa da prognozirebis centri.

1999 wels hidrometeorologiis departamenti Sedioda garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi

resursebis saministros SemadgenlobaSi da misi biujeti 652 575 lars Seadgenda, rac

saministros biujetis 1/3-ze meti iyo. 2000 wlidan hidrometeorologiis departamenti

gamovida saministros Semadgenlobidan da Camoyalibda, rogorc hidrometeorologiis

saxelmwifo departamenti, romelsac sakuTari biujeti hqonda. 2000 wlis am cvlilebis

Semdeg garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros biujeti 491 000 laramde

Semcirda. aRsaniSnavia agreTve bunebis stiqiuri procesebisa da sainJinro-geoekolo-

giuri kvlevebis centri "stiqia", romelic garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis

saministros SemadgenlobaSi 2005 wlis Semdeg Sevida, rogorc monitoringisa da

prognozirebis centris erT-erTi damfuZnebeli struqtura. 2005 wlamde centri "stiqia"

geologiis saxelmwifo departamentis struqturuli erTeuli iyo, romlis dafinansebac

weliwadSi daaxloebiT 300 000 lars Seadgenda.

garemos dacva

grafiki: 1 garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros

biujetis dinamika 1999-2007 ww.

biujetis analizi | 33

weli

1999 1,463,600 1,504,794

garemos dacvisa da

bunebrivi resursebis

saministros biujeti (lari)

saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitorin-

gis, prognozirebisa da prevenciis kuTxiT

momuSave saministros struqturebis biuje-

ti, hidrometeorologiis departamentisa da

centr "stiqiis" biujetis CaTvliT (lari)

2000 491,400 438,928

2001 546,000 879,700

2002 688,200 758,484

2003 510,000 1,037,909

2004 wlis saministros biujeti Seadgenda 24 061 000, 2005 wels - 24 478 200, 2006

wels - 29 157 600, 2007 wels ki - 37 546 500 lars. dafinansebis mxriv prioritetuli

gaxdnen iseTi sferobi, rogoricaa: biomravalferovneba, daculi teritoriebi da sa-

tyeo meurneoba. am sferoebze gaweulma xarjebma Seadgina mTeli saministros biu-

jetis: biomravalferovneba da daculi teritoriebi - 31%, satyeo meurneoba - 30%

(2004w). Sesabamisad - 25% da 42%, (2005w), 27% da 34%, (2006w) 25% da 28%, (2007w).

2004 wlidan garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros biujeti mkveTrad

gaizarda da aRniSnul sferoSi Sida struqturasTan erTad dafinansebis prioritetebic

Seicvala.

weli

2004 23,302,500 1,425,458

garemos dacvisa da

bunebrivi resursebis

saministros biujeti (lari)

saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitorin-

gis, prognozirebisa da prevenciis kuTxiT

momuSave saministros struqturebis biuje-

ti, hidrometeorologiis departamentisa da

centr "stiqiis" biujetis CaTvliT (lari)

2005 24,478,300 2,374,031

2006 29,157,600 2,309,300

2007 41,381,100 1,535,000

2008 38,718,500 2,235,000

34 | biujetis analizi

cxrili #7 garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosa da saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitoringis,

prognozirebisa da prevenciis kuTxiT momuSave saministros struqturebis biujetebi (1999-2003)

cxrili #8 garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosa da saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitoringis,

prognozirebisa da prevenciis kuTxiT momuSave saministros struqturebis biujetebi (2004-2008)

sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri monitoringisa da prognozirebis centri

2006 wels Seiqmna, 2008 wlis seqtemberSi aRniSnuli centrisa da sivr-

culi informaciis centris gaerTianebis Semdeg Seiqmna garemos erovnuli

saagento. saagentos ZiriTadi funqciaa sxvadasxva mizeziT gamowveuli

saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis prognozireba, maTze monitoringis war-

moeba da prevenciuli zomebis SemuSaveba. centrSi gaerTianda yvela is

saxelmwifo struqturuli erTeuli, romlebic am sakiTxebze muSaobdnen.

miuxedavad imisa, rom biujeti 2004 wlidan, saSiSi bunebrivi proces-

ebis monitoringis, prognozirebisa da prevenciis kuTxiT, daaxloebiT

500 000 lariT gaizarda, es mimarTuleba aRar warmoadgenda prioritets

saxelmwifosaTvis. saministros biujetidan am mimarTulebiT gamoyo-

fili Tanxa mTeli saministros biujetis 6-8%-s Seadgenda. 2006 wels

gatarebuli reformebis Sedegad dafinansebis gareSe darCa saqarTvelos

meteorologiuri sadgurebisa da hirdologiuri saguSagoebis regionaluri

qseli, romelic manamde 50 meteorologiuri sadgurisa da 60 hidrologiuri

saguSagosagan Sedgeboda. reformis Semdeg meteorologiuri sadgurebis

raodenoba 13-mde, xolo hidrologiuri saguSagoebisa 22-mde Semcirda. da-

narCeni sadgurebi fizikurad ganadgurda. xolo romelic SemorCa, sakmaod

mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda da faqtobrivad, ufunqciod darCa. swored

regionaluri sadgurebidan miRebuli informaciiT, 2005 wlis aprilSi

Tbilisi da mdinare mtkvris auzi, TiTqmis azerbaijanis sazRvramde,

gadaurCa did wyaldidobas: drouli gafrTxilebis Semdeg moxda Jinvalis

wyalsacavis wylisgan dacla da SesaZlebeli gaxda Warbi naleqebis wyalsa-

cavSi dagroveba.

dRevandeli mdgomareobiT, saqarTvelos hidrometeorologiuri qseli

TiTqmis mTlianad moSlilia da prognozireba mxolod ucxouri wyaroe-

bidan miRebuli informaciis saSualebiT aris SesaZlebeli. 2008 wlamde

informaciis umetesi nawili moskovis hidrometeorologiuri centridan

modioda, 2008 wlidan daiwyo muSaoba im mimarTulebiT, rom saagentom

monacemebi sxva romelime evropuli centridan miiRos. imis saCveneblad,

Tu rogor SeiZleba muSaobdnen Sesabamisi samsaxurebi patara qveynebSi,

magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT slovakeTs, romelic saqarTvelos farTobis

2/3 Seadgens da hidrologiuri resursebiT bevrad mwiria. dReisaTvis slo-

vakeTSi gamarTulad momuSave 300-mde sadguri da saguSagoa.

mZime mdgomareobaSia saSiSi geologiuri procesebis monitoringis sam-

saxuri, yofili centri "stiqia". 2003 wlamde centrSi 230 TanamSromeli

muSaobda, dReisaTvis maTi ricxvi 21-mde Semcirda. 2004 wlis Semdeg ar

Catarebula garemos regionaluri monitoringi, romelic qveyanaSi arsebuli

50 000 eroziuli procesis, aqedan - 10 000-mde aqtiuri mewyris, Sesaxeb

informaciis mogrovebisa da gadamowmebis erTaderTi saSualebaa. dRevan-

deli mdgomareobiT, aseTi saxis Seswavla mxolod urbanuli teritoriebis

garSemo xdeba, isic im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs werilobiTi gancxa-

deba adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobidan. miuxedavad aseTi mdgomareobisa,

centris TanamSromlebma drouli reagirebis safuZvelze SeZles, Tavidan

aecilebinaT raWaSi sofel genduSisaTvis didi mewyeri, romelic 250 sax-

lis dangrevasa da mTeli soflis mosaxleobis gadasaxlebas gamoiwvevda.

biujetis analizi | 35

dReisaTvis centri muSaobs sofel suramis mewyruli ubnis prevenciuli zomebis Sesa-

muSaveblad. aqtiuri mewyris ubanSi 200-mde saxli mdebareobs, romlebic yoveldRiuri

safrTxis qveS arian. imis gamo, rom centrs aRar gaaCnia arc erTi saburRi agregati,

specialistebi ver floben srulyofil suraTs mewyruli procesis Sesaxeb, rac mniS-

vnelovnad arTulebs zusti gadawyvetilebebis miRebas.

90-iani wlebis dasawyisidan mTlianad SeCerda kvlevebi, romlebic saSiSi eroziuli

procesebis modelirebis saSualebas iZleoda, ganadgurda materialur-teqnikuri baza da

TanamSromlebi mxolod sakuTari gamocdilebis imedze darCnen. 20 welia, ar momxdara

fonuri informaciis ganaxleba da 2000 wlis Semdeg aRar arsebobs saSiSi geologiuri

procesebis grZelvadiani prognozi.

saxelwifo doneze deklarirebulia, rom qveyanam uaxloesi wlebis ganmavlobaSi unda

daZlios socialuri siduxWire da ganviTarebis axal etapze gadavides. am miznis mis-

aRwevad mniSvnelovania saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis mudmivi monitoringi da drouli

prevencia, rac saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionis mosaxleobis ekonomikur winsvlas,

socialur da politikur usafrTxoebas uzrunvelyofs.


Tavi Vrekomendaciebi

rogorc Cven mier warmodgenilma Sefasebam aCvena, saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitor-

ingis, prognozirebisa da prevenciis kuTxiT saqarTveloSi sakmaod mZime situaciaa Seqm-

nili. miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifom ganviTarebis erT-erT mTavar miznad socialuri

problemebis daZleva da mdgradi ekonomikuri ganviTareba daisaxa, saxelmwifo doneze ar

eZleva prioriteti im komponentebs, romlebic am miznis miRwevas Seuwyoben xels.

Cveni kvlevis mizani iyo, maqsimaluri informacia migvewodebina dReisaTvis arsebul

situaciaze saqarTveloSi bunebrivi katastrofebis marTvis sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli

mkiTxvelisaTvis. naTeli suraTis misaRebad SevecadeT, gveCvenebina 1999 wlidan 2007

wlamde am mimarTulebiT saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli saqmianobebisa da gamoyofi-

li Tanxis dinamika. mimovixileT im problemebis didi nawili, romlebic saSiSi bunebrivi

procesebis ganviTarebas uwyoben xels. aRvwereT am mimarTulebiT momuSave saxelmwifo

organizaciebis struqtura da muSaobis specifika, maT winaSe arsebuli problemebi da

saWiroebebi.

mocemul TavSi mokled CamovayalibeT rekomendaciebi, romlebic efuZneba am mi-

marTulebiT saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebul saerTaSoriso kvlevebs, konsultaciebs moni-

toringisa da prognozirebis centris TanamSromlebTan, saerTaSoriso da adgilobriv

damoukidebel eqspertebTan, Cvens sapilote regionebSi (samegrelo - zemo svaneTi da

zemo aWara) moZiebuli informaciis analizs.

yvelaze mniSvnelovani problema, romelic saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitoringis,

prognozirebisa da prevenciis saqmianobebis arasrulyofilad ganxorcielebas iwvevs, aris

iseTi kvlevebis nakleboba, romlebic am sakiTxis mTeli qveynis masStabiT srulfasovan

Seswavlas uzrunvelyofs. rogorc Sefasebidanac Cans, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg

saqarTveloSi am mimarTulebiT praqtikulad ar Catarebula safuZvliani kvleva, romelic uz-

runvelyofda sakmaod moZvelebuli monacemebis ganaxlebas. aRniSnuli monacemebi safuZv-

lad udevs saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis grZel, moklevadian da operatiul prognozebs.

mZime mdgomareobaSia garemos erovnuli saagentos materialur-teqnikuri baza. SezRuduli

dafinansebis Sedegad praqtikulad ganadgurda meteorologiuri da hidrologiuri sadgure-

bisa da saguSagoebis qseli, romlis gareSec drouli da zusti meteorologiuri prognoze-

bis gakeTeba TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. dReisaTvis 250 aseTi sadguridan darCenilia mxolod

35, romlebmac faqtiurad funqcia dakarges da savalalo mdgomareobaSi imyofebian. ge-

ologiis samsaxurs ar gaaCnia arc erTi saburRi agregati, romelic geologiuri proces-

ebis, magaliTad, mewyrebis aqtiurobis Sesafaseblad erT-erTi mniSvnelovani teqnikuri

saSualebaa. garemos dabinZurebis monitoringis departamenti, romelic pasuxismgebelia

haerisa da wylis dabinZurebaze, srul teqnikur ganaxlebas saWiroebs, mis gankargulebaSi

arsebuli xelsawyoebi mTlianad moZvelebulia (Tu ar CavTvliT im xelsawyoebs, romlebic

ramdenime saerTaSoriso proeqtis mier iqna gadacemuli centrisaTvis) da ar Seesabameba

Tanamedrove standartebs.

mniSvnelovania axalgazrda kadrebis problemac. centris TanamSromlebi miiCneven, rom Tu

ar moxdeba axalgazrda specialistebis mozidva da CarTva centris saqmianobebSi, uaxloes

momavalSi SeiZleba gamocdili specialistebis didi deficiti Seiqmnas.

moZvelebulia garemos kvlevisa da Sefasebis meTodologia, romelsac centrSi iyeneben.

dReisaTvis saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis Seswavla da prognozireba, umetes SemTxvevaSi,

Zveli, sabWoTa kavSiris dros SemuSavebuli meTodebiT xdeba da ar pasuxobs msof-

lio standartebs. yvela specialisti aRniSnavs, rom mniSvnelovania iseTi Tanamedrove


rekomendaciebi | 39

midgomebis danergva, romlebic pirvel etapze garkveul investiciebs moiTxovs, magram

Semdgomi saqmianobis dros mniSvnelovnad amcirebs xarjebs (magaliTisaTvis Segvi-

Zlia moviyvanoT saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis modelireba: dReisaTvis garemos erovnul

saagentoSi danergili meTodebiT sacdeli ubnebis mowyobasa da Semdeg maTze dakvirve-

bas 2-2.5 mln. lari sWirdeba. Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT es Tanxa mniS-

vnelovnad mcirdeba, radgan modelireba SesaZlebelia moxdes eleqtronulad da amisaTvis

specialuri ubnebis mowyobis saWiroeba aRar arsebobs).

gansakuTrebuli sirTuleebia adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebsa da garemos erovnuli

saagentos, agreTve im saministroebis urTierTTanamSromlobis kuTxiT, romlebic pirda-

pir Tu arapirdapir dakavSirebulebi arian saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis sakiTxebTan

(magaliTisaTvis SegviZlia moviyvanoT aramdgradi soflis meurneoba, romelic bunebrivi

katastrofebis gamomwvevi mniSvnelovani faqtoria. dReisaTvis soflis meurneobis

saministro da monitoringisa da prognozirebis centri am mimarTulebiT praqtikulad ar

TanamSromloben).

dReisaTvis saxelmwifo politika mimarTulia ukve arsebuli problemebis likvidaciaze da

nakleb aqcents akeTebs prevenciaze. am mimarTulebiT 2004 wlidan dRemde monitoringisa

da prognozirebis centrma ramdenime proeqti ganaxorciela da sakmaod efeqturi Sedege-

bic miiRo (magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT qobuleTis napirgasamagrebel samuSaoebs, romelTa

Catarebis Semdegac 90 sacxovrebeli saxli da 2 sastumro dangrevas gadaurCa. aRniSnuli

proeqtis gansaxorcieleblad saxelmwifom 2.4 mln. lari daxarja, mosalodneli ekonomikuri

zarali ki, minimum, 4 mln. lari SeiZleba yofiliyo, rom araferi vTqvaT im probleme-

bze, romlebsac adgilobriv mcxovrebTa gadasaxleba gamoiwvevda). ganxorcielebuli saqmi-

anobebi cxadyofs, rom saxelmwifos SeuZlia am mimarTulebiT warmatebuli proeqtebis

ganxorcieleba da amiT garemos mdgradobis uzrunvelyofa.

qvemoT mogvyavs im RonisZiebaTa nusxa, romlebic, Cveni azriT, aucilebladaa gansaxor-

cielebeli am sferoSi. Cven mier warmodgenili rekomendaciebi eyrdnoba rogorc winamde-

bare, aseve saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi eqspertebis mier Catarebul kvlevebsa da Sefase-

bebs:

• bunebrivi katastrofebis prevenciisa da mitigaciis sistemis instituciuri gaZliereba:

rogorc winamdebare Sefaseba cxadyofs, gacilebiT iafia arsebuli resursebis mi-

marTva saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis prevenciisaken, vidre maTi mobilizeba ukve

damdgari uaryofiTi Sedegebis likvidaciisTvis. cxadia, meore komponenti mTlianad

verasodes gamoiricxeba, magram saubaria ZiriTadi, strategiuli aqcentis gadatanaze

likvidaciidan prevenciisken. Sesabamisad, rekomendebulia Semdegi RonisZiebebis

gatareba:

- garemos erovnuli saagentos SesaZleblobebis gazrda: mniSvnelovania garemos erovnuli saagentos SesaZleblobebis gazrda. erTi mxriv, aucilebelia saagentos

Tanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebiT aRWurva, rac saagentos saqmianobis efeq-

turobis umniSvnelovanesi wina pirobaa. amasTan, rogorc zemoT davinaxeT,

Tanamedrove teqnologiebi mniSvnelovani Tanxis dazogvis saSualebas

iZleva. meore mxriv, saagentos SesaZleblobebis zrdaSi vgulisxmobT kvalifici-

uri kadrebis momzadebis uzrunvelyofas. rogorc aRvniSneT, uaxloes momavalSi

SeiZleba gamocdili specialistebis naklebobis sakmaod didi problema Seiqmnas.

www.cenn.org

Sefaseba momzadda CENN-is mier "Ria garemosdacviTi samoqalaqo iniciativa mdgradi

ganviTarebisaTvis" proeqtis farglebSi Adam Smith International-is da britanul-qarTuli

profesiuli qselis (UGPN) finansuri mxardaWeriT.

The assessment was prepared by CENN within the framework of the Project “Open Environmental Civic Initiative for Sustainable Development of Georgia” with the financial support of the Adam Smith International and UK-Georgia Professional Network (UGPN).