ANGLESCINAZAHTEVNEJSE NALOGE ZA VSE, KI ZELIJO SE VEC

Tatjana Ignatov Zlebnik in Kristina Poljansek

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ZBIRKA ZLATI ZNAM ZA VEČ

ANGLEŠČINA 9Zahtevnejše naloge za vse, ki želijo še več

Avtorici: Tatjana Ignatov Žlebnik in Kristina PoljanšekStrokovni pregled: Emika AsaniLektoriranje angleškega besedila: Iain GariochIlustracije: Marta BartoljFotografije: Dreamstime, Istock, Shutterstock, Narodni muzej Slovenije

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IGNATOV Žlebnik, Tatjana Angleščina 9 : zahtevnejše naloge za vse, ki želijo še več / Tatjana Ignatov Žlebnik in Kristina Poljanšek ; [ilustracije Marta Bartolj ; fotografije Dreamstime ... et al.]. - 1. izd. - Ljubljana: Rokus Klett, 2010. - (Zbirka Zlati Znam za več)

ISBN 978-961-271-041-51. Poljanšek, Kristina250695168

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Kazalo

JUST A CLICK AWAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4TO READ OR NOT TO READ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22I’VE STILL GOT A LONG WAY TO GO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42A KINGDOM FAR, FAR AWAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56TO UNDERSTAND TODAY SEARCH YESTERDAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68THE FUTURE IS OURS TO SEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80REŠITVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Živijo!

Si med tistimi, ki odgovore pri angleščini kar stresajo iz rokava in si že rahlo sit ponavljajočih se slovničnih vaj? Želiš premagati negotovost pred branjem zahtevnejših besedil? Bi se rad privadil delu z angleško-angleškimi slovarji? Se ti zdi, da je težko samostojno napisati besedilo v angleščini? No, potem je to prava vadnica zate.

Z zbirko vaj Zlati Znam za več ANGLEŠČINA 9 lahko izboljšaš spretnosti branja, poslušanja in pisanja, ki so nujno potrebne za uspešno reševanje nacionalnega preizkusa znanja, sodelovanje na tekmovanju iz angleščine in ne nazadnje za visoke ocene v srednji šoli. Kako? Zelo preprosto!

Zbirka ima šest tematskih poglavij. Vsako vsebuje dve daljši besedili z vajami za bralno razumevanje, dva posnetka, ki jima sledijo vaje za slušno razumevanje, štiri naloge za samostojno pisanje ter vaje za utrjevanje slovnice in besedišča. Čeprav se ti bodo morda zazdele nekatere vaje nove, na primer vaje za besedotvorje ali vaje, ki zahtevajo, da razumeš ali napišeš razlago novih besed v angleščini, pa so te odlična priprava na pouk angleščine v srednji šoli. Kar pogumno se jih loti, zagotovo niso pretrd oreh zate!

Na koncu zbirke najdeš rešitve vaj. Besedila, ki jih boš samostojno napisal, pokaži nekomu, ki bo lahko ocenil jezikovno pravilnost in zgradbo besedila (npr. učitelj, starejši brat ali sestra, družinski prijatelj …). Šele nato preberi vzorčne primere, ki so vključeni v rešitve.

Nepogrešljivi pripomočki pri reševanju so dobri slovarji – tako dvojezični kot angleško-angleški – in razne spletne strani, kjer lahko dobiš dodatne informacije o jeziku in temah iz zbirke.

Zdaj pa veselo na delo. Saj veš, vaja dela mojstra, če mojster dela vajo.

Veliko zadovoljstva pri reševanju!

Avtorici

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1 Read the text carefully. Eight sentences or parts of sentences have been left out by mistake. Choose from sentences A–K the one which best fits each gap (1–8). There are two extra sentences which you do not need to use.

A VERY SHORT HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

One can hardly imagine our life without the Internet. The world before the appearance of the Internet was very different from the one after its advent. The quantity of information and services available is unimaginable. (0) I .

The Internet became widely popular in about 1995 but researchers had started working on it already in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The first ideas were born in the USA, where communication nets were developed for the army, the space programme and universities or research institutes. Independently, European scientists also did research in the same field.

The first theory about computer communications was written in 1962. ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency), (1) , then developed ARPANET, which is the main predecessor of the Internet as we know it today. Their first attempt at data transmission didn’t go smoothly. The message was only one word – login. It was sent from the University of Los Angeles to Stanford Research Institute on October 29th, 1969. The first two letters “lo” were transmitted but then the system crashed. (2) . About a month later the first permanent link on ARPANET was created.

During the following years various connections were installed and tested among universities in the USA. In 1971 another milestone occurred. Ray Tomlinson successfully sent what is considered to be the first “modern” email on ARPANET.

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In fact, two computers were placed side by side but the scientist can’t remember what the message was (3) . The @ sign was already used in the electronic address just as we use it today. Before that, it had been possible to leave messages to other users on the same computer. (4) and it is said that Queen Elizabeth II sent her first email only five years later. Two years after Tomlinson’s email, ARPANET started the first international connections with England and Norway.

The 1980s brought the first PCs and the programs that led to the World Wide Web. It is often believed that the Web is equal to the Internet (5) . To transmit information, the Web uses a special language (html), and a protocol, called http which is one of the ways of communicating among computers. The Web is an enormous system for sharing data but it isn’t the only one. Interestingly, it was created by an Englishman, Tim Berners-Lee. He wrote the forerunner of the Web, a program called “Enquire within”, in 1980. It took about a decade to evolve into the Web. Approximately at the same time other large networks started. (6) .

In the 1990s a lot of Web browsers were developed, Windows operating system arrived and the Internet became really popular. In 1992 the expression “surf the Internet” appeared.

At the beginning of the new millennium, there were a lot of predictions that the systems would crash. Fortunately, it didn’t happen and millions of new websites were put up. According to some statistics, there were ten million in February 2000 (7) . It is estimated that six years later the number of Web sites reached a hundred million.

Nowadays, there are millions of blogs and websites to read, social networks and forums bringing together thousands of people. Billions of emails are sent every day and anything one can think of can be bought on the Internet. The information highway has opened a lot of new possibilities (8) . Whether we like it or not, the Internet has brought about some of the most profound changes for our time and probably for a long time ahead.

A but in fact, it is just a part of itB All of them crashedC The task was completed about an hour laterD It is much more importantE but it has also caused some serious problemsF This service developed quite fastG founded by the United States Department of Defense in 1958H They are called the Internet backboneI What is more, everything is accessible to anyone in a very short timeJ but during the next six months the number doubledK – probably just a combination of letters

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2 Read the text again and write notes to complete the timeline of the major events in the history of the Internet.

YEAR / PERIOD EVENT(S)

late 50s, early 60s

1958 ARPA is founded.

1962

Oct 1969

Nov 1969

1971

1973

1976

1980s

1980

1989/90/91

1990s development of Web browsers, Windows; Internet – very popular

1992

about 1995

Feb 2000

Aug 2000

2006

present

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3 Read the text together with the missing sentences again and find the expressions which match the following definitions.

Example: The start of something new. – advent

a) Very difficult to imagine. – b) A thing that existed before a similar but newer object. – c) A situation when you try to do something. – d) Long-lasting, intended to exist for a long period. – e) A very important event in the history of something. – f ) The same in size or importance. – g) To send data by means of wires or satellites. – h) To develop or change step by step. – i) One thousand years. – j) Very important, intense or extreme. –

4 Read the text carefully and write short answers to the questions below.

Netiquette

Every form of communication has its own rules, which have to be followed. By using the Internet, people can interact in a lot of new ways. Emails, forum discussions, chats and blogs are some of the online services that require a certain type of behaviour. Anything that might upset the participants or cause any problems is discouraged. So some basic guidelines have been formed. They are called

“netiquette”, which is short for internet etiquette or the rules of polite behaviour on the Internet. Every user has to be familiar with the essential commandments:

1. When you get a personal email, reply to it as soon as you can. Use punctuation and observe grammar rules even if you think that an email is not as real as “snail mail” letters or postcards that you put in a post box.

2. If you want to send photographs to a friend or a relative, resize them and think carefully about the number you will send. Nobody wants to wait for a long time for their mail to be delivered and a large attachment can cause a lot of trouble if the connection isn’t broadband.

3. If you decide to change your email address, make sure to let your contacts know. An easy way to inform them is to use an email signature. This is a specially designed part of every message you send. It is usually added at the end of your text and contains information such as your name, email address and telephone number.

4. Avoid using only capital letters no matter what you write on the Internet. On a forum, for example, other users will think that you are shouting at them and this is not acceptable. So check that your Caps Lock key is turned off so as not to get into trouble. You may be banned from a forum forever.

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5. Forum posts or chats usually follow clearly defined topics. If you decide to take part in a discussion, stay on the topic. Read what other participants have to say and only then express your opinion or ask questions connected to the subject. If you really want to ask an unrelated question, put OT (off topic) at the beginning.

6. Even if you know the rules and try to follow them, you can make a mistake. Don’t pretend then that nothing has happened and don’t think that you are safely hidden behind your screen. You talk to real people and not to the computer. So admit your mistake, apologise and move on. Nobody is interested in lengthy explanations why and how something went wrong.

7. Blogs have become extremely popular lately. Anyone can write an online diary about their everyday life, interests or any other topic. It is extremely important to think about the content because the posts are actually read by lots of people. Never copy other bloggers’ posts or publish their photos without getting their permission. Always name the sources of your information, what or who inspires you so that it is clear what ideas are really yours. If you are honest, original and true to yourself, your blog will gradually attract more and more followers.

8. Finally, it is crucial to be respectful, considerate and patient no matter what topic is discussed or how heated the discussion is. Personal attacks, calling names, insults and hostility are out of the question. Provocative posts or comments, intended to make people very angry, are highly undesirable. A person who often posts such “flames” is sooner or later called a “troll”, which originally meant a mischievous and wicked creature or monster.

Example: What is netiquette? The basic rules of polite behaviour on the Internet.

1. What is the mail sent by post called?

2. Why do you have to resize attachments?

3. What is an email signature?

4. Why can’t you write in capital letters on the Internet?

5. What is an off topic question on a forum?

6. What do you have to do if you accidentally break netiquette rules?

7. What is a blog?

8. What behaviour is totally unacceptable when writing a blog?

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9. What is a polite Internet user like?

10. What is strictly prohibited in the Internet communication?

5 Read the text again and decide which of the netiquette rules from exercise 4 are observed by the following people. Write the number of the rule in the table below. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

EXCERPTS FROM VARIOUS FORMS OF INTERNET COMMUNICATIONRULE

NUMBER

Example: Write to me soon, please, and don’t forget to check my new address at the end of this mail. Add it to your contact list immediately. Love, Sharon.

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a) With all due respect, I think that this time you have asked a wrong question and so the answer would be unsuitable as well. Please read my point of view.

b) Dear Bookaholic, I misunderstood your message and my answer was completely irrelevant. I’m really sorry about it. Hope to read you again soon.

c) Dear Colin, thanks so much for your invitation. I’d like to let you know that unfortunately I won’t be able to come to dinner on Friday because I’m on night duty next weekend. Hope you don’t mind too much and see you soon.

d) HAVE YOU BEEN TO THE GREENWICH OBSERVATORY YET?Oh no, sorry, I didn’t mean to shout and I pressed send instead of delete. So, have you been to the Greenwich observatory yet? You shouldn’t give it a miss, you know.

e) The stunning photograph above was taken by my friend Dina. We have been blogbuddies for two years and we hope to meet in person one day. Dina has kindly permitted me to post the story of her hiking along the west Irish coast.

f ) I’m still not comfortable with the graphics program update which you suggested last week. I designed the watermark but then I couldn’t add it on the photos. OT Is the red car in today’s photo yours?

g) I’m sending you the photos from our workshop. Would you like me to print them for you? These thumbnails are only good enough for viewing.

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6 The Internet lingoWrite the definitions or synonyms for the following words or phrases from the text. If necessary, look for the answers online.

Example: to interact – to communicate or to exchange information

1. to reply to an email – 2. to resize a photograph – 3. an attachment – 4. a broadband connection – 5. Caps Lock key – 6. a chat – 7. a post (on a blog) – 8. a follower (of a blog) – 9. a flame – 10. a troll –

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