Zweli Mkhize.pdf

7/29/2019 Zweli Mkhize.pdf

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Stftk bl tnk Zrbvi`ck Fmmrkss

dy Mr _wkei Agnizk

Zrkaikr bl tnk Zrbvi`ck bl Gwf_ueu-@ftfe

Tbyfe Snbwhrbu`ms

4> Lkdrufry 4:63

Dfykmk! Nef`hf eb Anefdftni

Afmfa Spkfgkr

Nb`burfdek Akadkrs bl tnk Ekhisefturk

Cbeekfhuks i` tnk Kxkcutivk

Akadkrs bl tnk mipebaftic cbrps

Dusi`kss ekfmkrs

Misti`huisnkm huksts

Lkeebw citizk`s

]nk wfratn bl tnk kadrfck wk lkke kfcn tiak Nis Afoksty tnk Gi`h sits fab`h us b`tnk bccfsib` bl tnk Stftk bl tnk Zrbvi`ck Fmmrkss is f` i`spirftib` tnft mrivks us fs

nk huimks f`m cbaaf`ms us i` tnk qukst tb hivk nbpk f`m afgk eilk dkttkr lbr fee bur

pkbpek.

B`ck fhfi`, fs nk bpk`km tnis sitti`h bl tnk Ekhisefturk, Afmfa Spkfgkr,

Nb`burfdek Akadkrs, I fa ckrtfi` tnft eigk fee bl us, ybu wbuem nfvk tfgk` tb nkfrt

tnk wisk wbrms bl cbu`ske nk snfrkm witn us.

Dfykmk! Nef`hf ewk_wk!

Ekt ak dkhi` dy pfyi`h tridutk tb tnk lfeek` hif`ts bl bur struhhek lbr f lrkk, `b`-

rfcife `b`-skxist Sbutn Flricf wnb nfvk pfsskm b` si`ck wk efst hftnkrkm nkrk tb

rkpbrt b` tnk wbrg wk nfvk mb`k tb nb`bur tnk wisnks bl tnk aieeib`s bl bur pkbpek

wnb nfvk k`trustkm us witn tnk priviekhk tb ekfm tnis Hbvkr`ak`t b` tnkir dknfel.


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Xk rkakadkr lbrakr Akadkrs bl tnis Nbusk, tnk Nb`burfdek Sfa Atnktnwf wnb

wfs Cnfir bl tnk Cnfirpkrsb`s Cbaaittkk f`m Ar Obk Agnwf`fzi wnb ekm tnk Zf`

Flricfìst Cb`hrkss i` bur Ekhisefturk.

Fesb fab`h tnk mkpfrtkm, is tnft pieefr bl bur spiritufe strk`htn wnb sustfi`km us ft

tnk wbrst bl tiaks bl fpfrtnkim drutfeity f`m cb`tiùkm tb afrcn witn us u`tie tnk vkry

efst hfsp bl nis drkftn fs wk sbuhnt tbhktnkr tb dri`h akfì`h tb tnk lrkkmba nk

lbuhnt lbr. ]nk akabry bl tnk Tkvkrk`m Mr Gnbzf Ahbob, cnfir bl tnk Skìbr

Citizk`s Lbrua, rkafi`s witn us lbrkvkr.

Xk fesb dbw bur nkfms i` nb`bur bl Mr Znyeeis @fimbb, Aiìstkr Tby Zfmfyfcnik f`m

Afobr Hk`krfe @tfòf`f? fee bl wnba nfvk skrvkm bur cbu`try fmairfdey.

Fs Hbvkràk`t wk frk stiee rkkei`h lrba snbcg lbeebwi`h tnk u`lbrtu`ftk mkftn bl

Tbfm ]rfllic I`spkctbrftk fppeicf`ts ft tnk k`m bl tnk ykfr. Ft tnk kfreikst pbssidek

bppbrtuìty, I cb`vk`km bur Cfdi`kt f`m wk rksbevkm tb fppbi`t f Cbaaissib` bl

K`quiry. ]nk prbckss tb cb`stitutk tnk pf`ke rkquirkm us tb k`hfhk witn tnk `ftib`fe

Hbvkràk`t. ]nis nfs tfgk` aucn eb`hkr tnf` f`ticipftkm. Nbwkvkr, wk frk

mktkrai`km tb nf`mek tnis afttkr strictey witni` tnk lrfakwbrg bl tnk efw i` brmkr tb

k`surk tnft tnk pbssidieity bl sucn trfhkmy kvkr nfppkì`h fhfi` is keiai`ftkm. Xk

fpbebhisk tb tnk lfaieiks lbr tnk mkefy.

I nfvk sih`km tnk prbcefaftib` fppbi`ti`h f Cbaaissib` bl k`quiry witn luee pbwkrs

tb i`vkstihftk tnk i`cimk`t wnkrki` tnk rkcruits mikm. ]nk Cbaaissib`krs frk fs

lbeebws? Fmvbcftk ]nf`mi @braf` (SC) fs cnfir7 Disnbp Tudi` Znieeip7 Fmvbcftk ]

Atnkadu7 Fttbr`ky Sitnkadisb Gu`k`k fs kvimk`ck ekfmkr/i`vkstihftbr f`m As

Db`hkgiek _ueu fs fssistf`t kvimk`ck ekfmkr/i`vkstihftbr.

Bvkr tnk efst ykfr bur Zrbvi`ck nfs fesb b`ck fhfi` dkk` rfvfhkm dy `fturfe

misfstkrs wnicn nfvk fllkctkm 6>>64 nbusknbems i` fee mistricts, bl wnicn >:98 wkrk

tbtfeey mkstrbykm, i`vbevi`h f pbpueftib` bl 88=


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Bur prfykrs frk witn tnk lfaieiks.

]nk cbst bl i`lrfstructurk mfafhk wnicn is stiee dki`h cfecueftkm is kxpkctkm tb ru`

i`tb nu`mrkms bl aieeib`s bl Tf`ms.

Xniek tnkrk is `bt aucn wk cbuem nfvk mb`k fdbut `fturfe pnk`bak`f, wk aust

rkcbrm bur uttkr mishust f`m tbtfe cb`mka`ftib` bl tnk drutfe aurmkr f`m rfpk bl bur

skìbr citizk`s f`m ybu`h hires dy sbak fab`h us tnft nfvk ebst fee tnft is udu`tui`

us. Bur cbu`try `kkms mivi`k i`tkrvk`tib` wnk` wk wit`kss sucn mkspicfdek fcts.

Xk wisn tb cb`vky bur hrftitumk tb tnk rkeihibus ekfmkrs bl fee lfitns wnb ekm us i`

prfykr lbr tnk bpkì`h bl tnk Ekhisefturk. Xk wiee dk i`viti`h tnka tb f akkti`h tb

miscuss pfrt`krsnip i` tnk lihnt fhfi`st sbcife iees f`m i`trbmuck Bpkrftib` Suguaf

Sfgnk.

I` bur fmmrkss tb tnk Zrbvi`ck efst ykfr, wk u`mkrtbbg tb nb`bur Isieb sfsbSutnu.

Xk nfvk cbak tb rkpbrt tnft tbmfy tnk lbrakr Gi`h Hkbrhk \ Nbspitfe is `bw

bllicifeey Gi`h Miùzueu Nbspitfe. Nis stftuk wiee sbb` dk u`vkiekm dy Isieb. ]wb btnkr

butstf`mi`h Sbutn Flricf`s wkrk nb`burkm dy `fai`h pfrts bl tnk sfak i`stitutib`.

]nksk frk Zrbl Lftiaf Akkr, f g`bw` civie rihnts fctivist f`m Mr Mfvim Ef`mfu, f

mkmicftkm akmicfe prfctitib`kr wnb pib`kkrkm tnk cb`ckpt bl priafry nkfetn cfrk.

]nksk i`mivimufes wkrk mkskrvi`h, f`m wk dkeikvk tnft is i` tnk truk spirit bl uìty f`m

`b`-rfcifeisa -f pudeic mkab`strftib` bl tnk stftkak`t Sbutn Flricf dkeb`hs tb fee

wnb eivk i` it.

It nfs fesb dkk` witn tnis i` ai`m tnft wk rkck`tey nbstkm f cb`lkrk`ck b` sbcife

cbnksib` tb fmmrkss tnk cb`ckr`s bl cbaauìtiks wnb lkke afrhi`feiskm. I`

pursuf`ck bl tnk fdbvk, Hbvkràk`t wiee nbst f sbcife cbnksib` cb`lkrk`ck suaait

dklbrk Ou`k.


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]NK @F]IB@FE MK\KEBZAK@] ZEF@

I` nis Stftk bl tnk @ftib` Fmmrkss efst ykfr, Zrksimk`t Ofcbd _uaf kefdbrftkm b` tnk

tripek cnfeek`hk bl pbvkrty, u`kapebyak`t f`m i`kqufeity. Nk cfeekm b` fee bl us tb

wbrg tbhktnkr tb rkspb`m mkcisivkey tb dri`h fdbut f dkttkr eilk lbr fee bur pkbpek.

Bur Hbvkràk`t nfs fewfys rkcbhìzkm tnk criticfe cb`tridutib` tnft nfs tb dk afmk

dy Gwf_ueu-@ftfe lbr tnk wnbek bl bur cbu`try tb abvk lbrwfrm f`m, criticfeey, akkt

tnk Aieek`ìua Mkvkebpak`t Hbfes fs wk prbhrkss tb rkfeizk bur visib` lbr Sbutn

Flricf dy tnk ykfr 4:3:.

I nfvk cnbsk` tnis qubtk?

Sbutn Flricf nfs tnk pbtk`tife f`m cfpfcity tb keiai`ftk pbvkrty f`m rkmuck

i`kqufeity bvkr tnk `kxt twb mkcfmks. ]nis rkquirks f `kw fpprbfcn b`k tnft

abvks lrba f pfssivk citizk`ry rkckivi`h skrvicks lrba tnk Stftk tb b`k tnft

systkafticfeey i`ceumks tnk sbcifeey f`m kcb`baicfeey kxceumkm, wnkrk pkbpek frk

fctivk cnfapib`s bl tnkir bw` mkvkebpak`t, f`m wnkrk hbvkràk`t wbrgs kllkctivkey

tb mkvkebp pkbpeks cfpfdieitiks tb ekfm tnk eivks tnky mksirk. ]nk succkss bl tnis

fpprbfcn is prkaiskm b`?

]nk fctivk kllbrts f`m pfrticipftib` bl fee Sbutn Flricf`s i` tnkir bw`

mkvkebpak`t.

Tkmrkssi`h iòusticks bl tnk pfst kllkctivkey

Lfstkr kcb`baic hrbwtn f`m nihnkr i`vkstak`t f`m kapebyak`t

Tisi`h stf`mfrms bl kmucftib`, f nkfetny pbpueftib` f`m kllkctivk sbcife

prbtkctib`

Strk`htnkì`h tnk ei`gs dktwkk` kcb`baic f`m sbcife strftkhiks

F` kllkctivk f`m cfpfdek hbvkràk`t

Cbeefdbrftib` dktwkk` tnk privftk f`m pudeic skctbrs

Ekfmkrsnip lrba fee skctbrs i` sbcikty


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]nksk frk tnk bpkì`h rkafrgs i` tnk i`trbmuctib` tb tnk @ftib`fe Mkvkebpak`t Zef`

\isib` 4:3:.

]nis dbem iìtiftivk u`mkr tnk ekfmkrsnip bl Zrksimk`t _uaf nfs cbrrkctey dkk`

wkecbakm dy Sbutn Flricf`s lrba fee wfegs bl eilk, rkhfrmekss bl pbeiticfe fllieiftib`, fs

f rkafrgfdek deukpri`t tb cnfrt tnk wfy lbrwfrm lbr fee bl us fs citizk`s bl tnis

dkfutilue ef`m.

]nk @ftib`fe Mkvkebpak`t Zef` skkgs dy 4:3: tb duiem f oust, lfir, prbspkrbus f`m

kquitfdek cbu`try, abst bl fee, f cbu`try tnft kfcn f`m kvkry Sbutn Flricf` cf`

prbumey cfee nbak.

ZTB\I@CIFE HTBX]N F@M MK\KEBZAK@] ZEF@

]nk Zrbvi`cife Zef`ì`h Cbaaissib` nfs li`feiskm tnk Zrbvi`cife Hrbwtn f`m

Mkvkebpak`t Strftkhy f`m Zef` wnicn nfs dkk` lueey k`mbrskm dy brhfìskm

dusi`kss, efdbur f`m civie sbcikty i` tnk Zrbvi`ck f`m is lueey feih`km tb tnk @ftib`fe

Mkvkebpak`t Zef`.

Xk nfvk `bw `bt bèy afppkm but bur bw` hrbwtn pftn tb 4:3:, witn cekfr tfrhkts

f`m i`tkrvk`tib`s tb huimk us feb`h tnk wfy, wk fesb g`bw kxfctey wnft bur

cb`tridutib` wiee dk lbr tnk succksslue iapekak`tftib` bl tnk @ftib`fe Mkvkebpak`t

Zef`.

F cbaprknk`sivk Citizk` Sftislfctib` Survky is u`mkrwfy tb i`micftk tnk spkcilic

frkfs wnkrk tnk pkbpek bl tnis Zrbvi`ck wf`t us tb lbcus bur kllbrts i` tnk

iapekak`tftib` bl tnk Zef`.

Bur cb`tridutib` tb tnk @ftib`fe Zef` is kxprksskm i` bur \isib`, `fakey tb k`surk

tnft?

Dy 4:3: tnk Zrbvi`ck bl Gwf_ueu-@ftfe wiee dk f prbspkrbus Zrbvi`ck, witn nkfetny,

sgieekm f`m skcurk pkbpek, fcti`h fs f hftkwfy tb Flricf f`m tnk wbrem.

]nis fhfi` strkssks tnk pbi`t afmk, `fakey tnft, lbr Sbutn Flricf tb wbrg, Gwf_ueu-

@ftfe aust wbrg.


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4:63. I`mif, Drfzie f`m I`mb`ksif frk kxpkctkm tb rkdbu`m fltkr sebwkr hrbwtn. ]nk

fmvk`t bl DTICS nfs cbi`cimkm witn tnk dbbst i` tnk trfmk dktwkk` akadkr

cbu`triks (i`ceumi`h Sbutn Flricf) f`m tnk Flricf` Stftks. Sud-Sfnfrf` Flricf

lbrkcfsts f`ùfe hrbwtn bl ;.8% lbr tnk `kxt livk ykfrs.

]nbuhn Sbutn Flricf wfs fllkctkm dy tnk hebdfe kcb`baic mbw`tur`, mkceiì`h lrba

4.8% tb 6.4% i` tnk efst qufrtkr7 it rkafi`s rksieik`t dkcfusk it nfs its bw` strk`htns

fs i`micftkm rkck`tey dy Li`f`ck Aiìstkr Zrfvi`Hbrmnf`.

Xniek Sbutn Flricf fs f cbu`try lfcks f cnfeek`hk bl nbw tb pbsitib` itskel i` tnk

cb`tkxt bl snilti`h hebdfe kcb`baic pbwkr, Gwf_ueu-@ftfe nfs f rkspb`sidieity tb

duiem its bw` kcb`bay f`m afgk its cb`tridutib` i` hrbwi`h bur `ftib`fe kcb`bay.

Fs f Zrbvi`ck wk tnkrklbrk fcckpt tnft lbr tnk cbu`try tb crkftk 66 aieeib` `kw obds

dy 4:3:, Gwf_ueu-@ftfe wiee nfvk tb crkftk 4.6 aieeib` obds. ]b fcnikvk tnis, wk nfvk

tb k`surk tnft tnk Gwf_ueu-@ftfe kcb`bay hrbws ft f` fvkrfhk bl ft ekfst =% pkr

f`ùa dktwkk` `bw f`m 4:3:.

Gwf_ueu-@ftfe nfs dkk` fllkctkm dy tnksk hebdfe f`m `ftib`fe trk`ms, f`m i` tnk

tnirm qufrtkr tnk hrbwtn wfs rkmuckm lrba 4.6% tb 6.>%.

Mkspitk afssivk i`vkstak`t f`m ùakrbus obds dki`h crkftkm i` skvkrfe skctbrs,

tnkrk frk sbak skctbrs tnft nfvk cb`tiùkm tb snkm obds, cb`skquk`tey

u`kapebyak`t abvkm lrba 69.3% efst ykfr tb 44.;% tnis ykfr, fccbrmi`h tb tnk

Sbutn Flricf` Efdbur Lbrck Survky.

Fs pfrt bl tnk @MZ, Hbvkràk`t nfs iìtiftkm tnk Strftkhic I`lrfstructurk Zrbokcts

tnft wiee dk iapekak`tkm dktwkk` `bw f`m tnk ykfr 4:3:7 witn i`vkstak`t bl T3-


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trieeib` lrba tnk pudeic liscus f`m privftk skctbr, f`m crkfti`h aieeib`s bl obds wniek

prbvimi`h skrvicks f`m duiemi`h tnk kcb`bay.

I`ceumkm i` tnk Zrbvi`cife dumhkt tnis ykfr is f cfpitfe dumhkt kstiaftkm ft T63-dieeib`

tb iìtiftk `kw f`m afi`tk`f`ck bl cbapektkm prbokcts.

I`lrfstructurk, ]rf`spbrtftib` f`m Ebhistics

I` nis Stftk bl tnk @ftib` Fmmrkss i` Lkdrufry 4:64, Zrksimk`t _uaf cbaaittkm tnk

cbu`try tb f afssivk i`lrfstructurk prbhrfaak tb stiaueftk hrbwtn, lihnt pbvkrty f`m

rkmuck u`kapebyak`t. Nk f``bu`ckm 6> Strftkhic I`tkhrftkm Zrbokcts (SIZS), fee

dut tnrkk bl wnicn i`vbevk Gwf_ueu-@ftfe.

]nk mkvkebpak`t bl tnk Mih-But Zbrt f`m tnk cb`cbaitf`t mkvkebpak`t bl tnk

Murdf`Lrkk StftkHfutk`h Ebhistics f`m I`mustrife Cbrrimbr lbras pfrt bl tnk

Strftkhic I`tkhrftkm Zrbokcts.

Fpprbxiaftkey T6::-dieeib` wiee dk i`vkstkm i` tnis mkvkebpak`t, f`m tnk fcquisitib`

bl ef`m i`vbevi`h tnk trf`slkr bl fpprbxiaftkey ; dieeib` is

i` prbhrkss.

Zbrts

]nk prbokctkm i`crkfsk bl cfpfcity bl tnk Murdf` Zbrts wiee abvk lrba 4.8 aieeib`

cb`tfi`krs (]K[s) tb 3:-aieeib` dy 4:=:. ]rf`s`kt nfs feebcftkm T636-dieeib` lbr tnk

pbrts uphrfmk prbhrfaak cbu`try-wimk fiakm ft iaprbvi`h tnk cb`tfi`kr nf`mei`h

rftk.

]b cbpk witn sucn vbeuaks, abrk wbrg is u`mkrwfy tb mkvkebp f` ièf`m pbrt i` tnk

frkf bl Cftb Timhk. Xitn tnk i`crkfsk i` fctivity fs wkee fs tnk currk`t kxpf`sib`

prbokcts ft tnk Murdf` f`m Ticnfrms Dfy nfrdburs, tnk skctbr wiee cb`tiùk tb

kxpkrik`ck nihn hrbwtn rftks.

Mkvkebpak`t bl Tkhib`fe Firlikems

Gwf_ueu-@ftfe nfs lbur rkhib`fe firpbrts wnicn frk dki`h rkvfapkm fs i`lrfstructurk

tb suppbrt f`m dbbst ebcfe kcb`baic mkvkebpak`t i` tnbsk pursuf`t tb tnk G_@

Firpbrt Strftkhy fmbptkm dy Cfdi`kt i` 4:64. ]nksk frk Bridi Firpbrt


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(Ziktkrafritzdurh)7 Afrhftk b` tnk Sbutn Cbfst7 Zri`ck Af`hbsutnu Dutnkekzi

Firpbrt i`[eu`mi i` _ueuef`m7 f`m Aguzk.

F `kw mfiey leihnt nfs dkk` efu`cnkm dy Lkmkrfe Fir dktwkk` [eu`mi f`m

Ziktkrafritzdurh. ]nkrk frk sihìlicf`t cbst-sfvi`hs tb tnk dusi`kss cbaauìty f`m

k`nf`ckm rkvkùk cbeekctib` lbr tnk auìcipfeity fs f rksuet bl tnk iaprbvkm Bridi

Firpbrt.

Gi`h Snfgf I`tkr`ftib`fe Firpbrt (GSIF) bpk`km i` 4:6: witn cfpfcity bl 8 aieeib`

pfssk`hkrs. Dy 4:66 tnk firpbrt nf`mekm =.>-aieeib` pfssk`hkrs, mkab`strfti`h f

3.>% hrbwtn wnicn is dkttkr tnf` tnk `ftib`fe fvkrfhk.

]nk firpbrt kxpkrik`ckm f 8% risk i` frrivfe ùadkrs muri`h tnk [@ cb`lkrk`ck b`

ceiaftk cnf`hk, CBZ68.

Kairftks, tnk firpbrts i`tkr`ftib`fe cfrrikr, i`trbmuckm tnk Dbki`h 888 3::KT,

cfpfdek bl cfrryi`h 6:: abrk pfssk`hkrs f`m 4: abrk tb`s bl cfrhb tnf` its

prkmkckssbrs. Sb lfr GSIF cb``kcts tb _iadfdwk, _fadif, Abzfadiquk f`m

Dbtswf`f f`m is rkfmy tb sprkfm its `ktwbrg tb tnk wnbek SFMC rkhib`. Lrkihnt

ebhistics nfvk dkk` iaprbvkm dy tnk cb`structib` bl Xftsb` Ei`g Tbfm f`m `kw

wfrknbusks fwfit cb`structib`.

F` fhrkkak`t nfs dkk` sih`km witn f` i`vkstbr tb pfrt`kr i` mkvkebpi`h tnk

Mudk]rfmkpbrt Fkrbtrbpbeis

Tfie

Kxpf`sib` bl Cbfe Tfie Ei`g

]nk rfie ei`g is pef``km tb bpk` fcckss lbr cbfe ai`km i` Eiapbpb, f`m pfrts bl tnk

rfie wiee hb tnrbuhn Swfzief`m tb Ticnfrms Dfy. ]rf`s`kt is prbckkmi`h witn

i`vkstak`t bl T36.6-aieeib` tb`s pkr

f`ùa (atpf) f`m tnk` tb 98 atpf.

Zfssk`hkr Tfie

]nk Zfssk`hkr Tfie Fhk`cy bl Sbutn Flricf (ZTFSF) nfs afmk sihìlicf`t prbhrkss

i` tnk iapekak`tftib` bl prbokcts tnft wk f``bu`ckm efst ykfr. I fa pekfskm tb rkpbrt

tnft ZTFSF nfs ferkfmy spk`t bvkr T9::-aieeib` i` G_@ tnrbuhn its cfpitfe prbhrfa

muri`h tnk currk`t 4:64/63 li`f`cife ykfr. I`vkstak`ts f`m i`lrfstructurk wbrgs

i`ceumk rbeei`h stbcg uphrfmks, tnk Drimhk City Mkvkebpak`t, `kw fcckss hftks f`m


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CC]\ cfakrfs ft stftib`s, tnk Mfedrimhk tur`-frbu`m lfcieity, f`m hk`krfe

i`lrfstructurk f`m stftib` iaprbvkak`ts.

F tbtfe bl bvkr T6.6-dieeib` wbuem nfvk dkk` spk`t dy ZTFSF dy tnk k`m bl Afrcn

4:63 b` vfribus prbokcts, i`ceumi`h sih`fe abmkrìzftib` i` tnk Zrbvi`ck bl Gwf_ueu-

@ftfe.

I wisn tb rkai`m Nb`burfdek Akadkrs bl tnk cbaaitak`t ZTFSF afmk tb us i`

tkras bl its abmkrìzftib` prbhrfaak. ]nk Zrbvi`ck wiee dk feebcftkm 93< bl `kw,

abmkr` cbfcnks tb dk prbcurkm dy ZTFSF fs pfrt bl its Lekkt Tk`kwfe Zrbhrfaak

kstiaftkm ft T643-dieeib` bvkr tnk `kxt 4: ykfrs.

]nk prklkrrkm dimmkr, Hidkef Cb`sbrtiua wiee mksih`, afùlfcturk (i` Sbutn Flricf

f`m `bt fdrbfm) f`m mkeivkr 3 < abrk cbfcnks u`mkrhbi`h rklurdisnak`t f`m uphrfmk tb tnk tu`k bl T6>9-aieeib`

i` tnis currk`t li`f`cife ykfr. @kxt ykfr, f lurtnkr 84 cbfcnks lbr tnk Zrbvi`ck wiee dk

mkeivkrkm ft f cbst bl T6 ab`tns, i`ceumi`h b` tnk

wbrg i` Mulls Tbfm.

Xbrgs b` tnk tur`-frbu`m lfcieitiks ft Cb`hkeef/Mfedrimhk nfvk cbaak`ckm f`m wiee

dk cbapektkm dy Fuhust 4:63 tb tnk tu`k bl T6::-aieeib`.


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F tbtfe bl 6: stftib`s wkrk cbapektkm u`mkr tnis prbhrfaak tnis ykfr tb tnk tu`k bl

oust bvkr T3=-aieeib`. ]nk stftib`s frk Nfvk`simk, Skfvikw, Zbkts Cbr`kr,

[agbaffs, @kwcfstek, Efmysaitn f`m Xkstceill, witn Isef`m f`m Xk`twbrtn b`

prfcticfe cbapektib`. ]nksk iaprbvkak`ts i`ceumk eihnti`h, fdeutib` lfcieitiks, lk`ci`h,

ticgkt bllicks, ktc.

F lurtnkr T39-aieeib` wiee dk spk`t lbr iaprbvkak`ts i` 64 stftib`s, i`ceumi`h

Lefai`hb, [anefei, Cf`kef`ms, [adb`hitwi`i, ]nbr`wbbm, Cfvk`misn, Ofcbds,

Faf`ziatbti, Mfssk`nbkg, Klli`hnfa, ]kapek f`m Mfedrimhk.

]nk i`trbmuctib` bl f Dusi`kss Kxprkss ]rfi` dktwkk` Ktnkgwi`i f`m

Ziktkrafritzdurh nfs dkk` rkscnkmuekm.

]nk `kw custbaiskm Dusi`kss Kxprkss ]rfi` nfs dkk` cbapektkm ft f cbst bl

T


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vfeukm T68:-aieeib` tb dk cbapektkm witni` tnk `kxt 3 ykfrs. ]nis wiee prkpfrk tnk

i`lrf-structurk tb bpkrftk trfi`s ft 64:ga pkr nbur dy 4:69 =;; luee-tiak kquivfek`t kapebyak`t (L]Ks) f`m 34=

9;6 wbrg bppbrtuìtiks. Xk nfvk dkk` cbaak`mkm dy tnk @ftib`fe Mkpfrtak`t bl

Zudeic Xbrgs fs tnk tbp dk`klicifry bl tnk i`ck`tivk hrf`t tbtfei`h bl T6; 833

nbusi`h uìts witn urdf` f`m rurfe sprkfm fs wkee fs uphrfmi`h < 3>< uìts i` seua

cekfrf`ck prbhrfaak.


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]b fmmrkss tnk hfp afrgkt, wk nfvk afmk f lurtnkr 69 =44 uìts fvfiefdek tnrbuhn

tnk K`nf`ckm Kxtk`mkm Miscbu`t Dk`klit Scnkak Tklurdisnak`t. Bur prbokct-

ei`gkm sudsimiks nfvk afmk it pbssidek lbr f`btnkr 6< 6=4 uìts tb dk prbvimkm. ]nis

ykfr wk wiee prbvimk 4;:: sudsimiks lbr aimmek i`cbak kfr`krs. @uakrbus obd

bppbrtuìtiks nfvk dkk` crkftkm.

Tbfms

Afmfa Spkfgkr bur prbhrfa tb k`surk wk mkvkebp bur rbfm `ktwbrg, iaprbvk

sflkty f`m prbvimk abrk fcckss is hfiì`h abak`tua witn tnk Mkpfrtak`t

kxckkmi`h its bw` tfrhkt bl 8;=6ga bl rbfms uphrfmkm lrba hrfvke tb defcgtbp. ]nis

nbwkvkr, mbks pbsk f cnfeek`hk dkcfusk tb frrkst mktkribrftib` b` bur rbfm `ktwbrg

tnk Mkpfrtak`t is snilti`h, abrk f`m abrk, lu`ms lrba tnk cb`structib` prbhrfaak

tb afi`tk`f`ck bl kxisti`h rbfms tb mkfe witn tnk pudeic cb`ckr`s fdbut pbtnbeks.

]nis ykfr tnk Mkpfrtak`t is pef`ì`h tb cbapektk 4>; ga `kw hrfvke rbfms.

Kekctricity

I` 4::9 (Afrcn) 8=.6< % bl nbusknbems i` tnk Zrbvi`ck nfm fcckss tb kekctricity

(nbusknbem cb``kctib`). I` 4:64, tnis nfm risk` tb 8 84; cb`suakrs witn f` kekctricity

cb``kctib`. ]nksk wiee dk cbapektkm dy 4:6= ft f cbst bl fpprbxiaftkey T4=:-

aieeib`. Xitn f tbtfe bl feabst 44 ::: cb``kctib`s, tnk isef`m krfmicftib`

prbhrfaak wiee dk cbapektkm i` 4:6;/6.3 % bl nbusknbems i` tnk Zrbvi`ck nfm fcckss tb pipkm wftkrwitni` 4:: aktrks bl tnkir mwkeei`h (br nihnkr ekvke bl skrvick). I` 4:64, tnis nfm risk`

tb >3.=8%. ]nk dfcgebh rkafiì`h is fpprbxiaftkey =:: ::: nbusknbems. ]nk

Ck`sus 4:66 mftfskt i`micftks >< % fcckss. ]nis i`ceumks nbusknbems witn fcckss

tb pipkm wftkr i` kxckss bl 4:: aktrks lrba tnk mwkeei`h.

I` 4::9 (Afrcn) 8 % bl nbusknbems i` tnk Zrbvi`ck nfm fcckss tb sfìtftib`

(vk`tieftkm fpprbvkm pit eftri`k br dkttkr). I` 4:64, tnis nfm risk` tb >:.3: ::: nbusknbems.]nk Ck`sus 4:66 mftfskt

i`micftks >> % fcckss.


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Tkhib`fe Dueg I`lrfstructurk Zrbokcts, i`ceumi`h cb`structib` bl mfas, frk u`mkr wfy

witn f tbtfe vfeuk T4.6>3-dieeib`, tb prbvimk pkbpek witn f` fssurkm suppey bl pbtfdek

wftkr, rksueti`h i` 3


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6=

bl tnk cfrdb` hfs kaissib`s. ]nk k]nkgwiì Auìcipfeity dumhktkm tb spk`m T6::-

aieeib` b` f pef`t tnft cbvkrts aktnf`k hfs lrba its afobr ef`mliee sitks.

Afritiak

Lbeebwi`h tnk rksbeutib` bl tnk prkvibus Cfdi`kt Ekhbtef tb kekvftk tnk afritiak

skctbr fs f mrivkr bl kcb`baic mkvkebpak`t f`m obd crkftib`, tnk Zrbvi`cife

I`tkhrftkm Afritiak Strftkhy is `kfri`h li`feisftib`. ]nk li`fe mrflt strftkhy wiee dk

prksk`tkm tb tnk Afritiak Cb`lkrk`ck wnicn is scnkmuekm witni` twb ab`tns. G_@

nfs pfrt`krsnip witn ]rf`s`kt i` tnk bpkì`h bl tnk Afritiak Fcfmkay tnis ykfr.

IC] I@LTFS]T[C][TK

Xk cb`tiùk tb kxpf`m cbaauìty fcckss f`m drbfmdf`m skrvicks. ]nk @ftib`fe

Hbvkràk`t cnbsk G_@ Drbfmdf`m fs its piebt tb cbaak`ck tnk @ftib`wimk

Drbfmdf`m @ktwbrg. ]nis prbokct is i`ceumkm i` tnk SIZ 6;. Sk`tkcn nfs cbapektkm

sitk prkpfrftib` lbr wirkekss dfcgdb`k lbr 6: mistricts f`m prbvimkm i`tkr`kt

cb``kctib` tb >> scnbbes i` 4:64.

]nk pbtk`tife lbr obd crkftib` i` tnk IC] skctbr is u`dkeikvfdey nihn, kspkcifeey i` tnk

dusi`kss prbckss butsburci`h (DZB) i`mustry. ]nk drbgkri`h [ìt i` tnk Bllick bl tnk

Zrkaikr, tbhktnkr witn ]rfmk I`vkstak`t Gwf_ueu-@ftfe, nfvk lfcieitftkm i`vkstak`t

bl fdbut T4.=-dieeib` i` tnis skctbr, crkfti`h bvkr 6: ::: obds dy 6: i`vksti`h

cbapfìks. Fee bl tnksk frk lueey bpkrftib`fe. Xk frk fesb mktkrai`km tb afgk G_@

f nbak lbr tnk DZB i`mustry. Mktfies wiee dk f``bu`ckm dy tnk AKC.

]nk Ticnfrms Dfy I`mustrife Mkvkebpak`t _b`k wiee sbb` cb`ceumk its i`lrfstructurk

mkvkebpak`t prbhrfaak f`m nfs rkfcnkm fhrkkak`ts witn twb i`vkstbrs wnb wiee

dk i`vksti`h bvkr T3.;-dieeib`. ]nis is i` fmmitib` tb tnk currk`t ]ftf Stkke

afùlfcturi`h pef`t, f T6.4-dieeib` bpkrftib` prbvimi`h =:: obds. F` fmmitib`fe

pipkei`k bl pbtk`tife i`vkstbrs wiee cbak b` strkfa fs sbb` fs tnk kfrtnwbrgs f`m

i`lrfstructurk mkvkebpak`t is cbapektk.


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6;

Tkhfrmi`h tnk i`mustrife nuds f``bu`ckm efst ykfr, tnk Mkpfrtak`t nfs fppbi`tkm

spkcifeist prbokct tkfas tnft wiee fssist i` tnk kstfdeisnak`t f`m iapekak`tftib` bl

tnk nuds (Spkcife Kcb`baic _b`ks).

]nk kstfdeisnak`t bl tnk Mistrict I`mustrife Nuds br Spkcife Kcb`baic _b`ks i` fee

Mistricts wiee crkftk `kw `bmks bl kcb`baic hrbwtn f`m mkvkebpak`t. ]nis k`surks

tnft kcb`baic hrbwtn f`m obd crkftib` is mirkctkm tb millkrk`t pfrts bl tnk Zrbvi`ck,

i`ceumi`h safee rurfe tbw`s.

]nk M]I nfs fpprbvkm tnk prbpbsfe lbr tnk Mudk ]rfmk Zbrt tb dk cb`simkrkm fs f

`kw SK_ lbr tnk Zrbvi`ck. Tkekvf`t stfgknbemkrs frk akkti`h tb rkli`k tnk tkras bl

rklkrk`ck lbr tnk lkfsidieity stumy tb dk cb`muctkm dy tnk MDSF fppbi`tkm skrvick

prbvimkr.

Futbabtivk Skctbr

]nk Zrbvi`ck is f nbak lbrFlricfs dihhkst vknicek afùlfcturi`h f`m f wbrem ekfmkr

i` nkfvy kquipak`t afùlfcturi`h. ]nk cbapb`k`t futbabtivk afùlfcturkrs kòby

f cbadi`km tur`bvkr kstiaftkm ft T6:-dieeib` f`m kapeby wkee bvkr 4: :::

kapebykks witni` G_@ f`m cb`tridutks sihìlicf`tey tb tnk hrbwtn bl bur kcb`bay

f`m sustfi`fdek obds. Hbvkràk`t is lfcieitfti`h tnk mkvkebpak`t bl f T=;:-aieeib`

Futbabtivk Ebhistics Suppey Zfrg tb prbabtk ebcfe dusi`kss f`m k`cburfhk ebcfe

f`m lbrkih` i`vkstak`t tb k`surk tnft tnk i`mustry rkafi`s hebdfeey cbapktitivk.

F` Futbabtivk Suppeikr Zrbokct Stkkri`h Cbaaittkk cbaprisi`h tnk City f`m tnk

G_@ Hbvkràk`t rkprksk`tftib`, IMC, dusi`kss, Itnfef f`m ]bybtf- Sbutn Flricf,

nfs dkk` kstfdeisnkm. ]nk ef`m lbr luturk kxpf`sib` nfs dkk` imk`tilikm i` Sbutn

Dfsi` f`m fwfits fcquisitib`.

]burisa rkafi`s f vkry iapbrtf`t skctbr fs Gwf_ueu-@ftfe is tnk tnirm mksti`ftib` bl

cnbick lbr i`tkr`ftib`fe tburists. ]burisa nfs dkk` imk`tilikm dy Hbvkràk`t fs b`k

gky pribrity lbr stiauefti`h G_@ kcb`baic hrbwtn f`m obd crkftib`.

F `kw Zrbvi`cife ]burisa Afstkr Zef` wfs fpprbvkm dy tnk Cfdi`kt witn f tfrhkt tb

i`crkfsk tburisa obds tb 6>: ::: dy 4:4: f`m tnk ùadkr bl mbakstic frrivfes tb 4=,

68-aieeib` dy 4:3:.


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It is kstiaftkm tnft f tnirm bl G_@s tbtfe ef`m cbvkr is u`mkr tnk custbmif`snip bl tnk

I`hb`yfaf ]rust ef`m wnicn is cftkhbrizkm fs prkmbai`f`tey rurfe i` cb`tkxt f`m

wnicn cbvkrs frkfs wnkrk nihn pbvkrty ekvkes prkvfie. ]nis frkf nfs pbvkrty ekvkes

kstiaftkm tb dk fs nihn fs =9.;% f`m ybutn u`kapebyak`t fs nihn fs =4%. It is

tnkrklbrk iapkrftivk tb cnf``ke `kw mkvkebpak`t bppbrtuìtiks tb tnksk rkeftivkey

mkprivkm f`m sbaktiaks rkabtk rurfe frkfs dy bpkì`h fcckss tb ef`m lbr

mkvkebpak`t f`m tb suppbrt rurfe cbaauìtiks tb dkcbak fctivk pfrt`krs i` tnk

mkvkebpak`t bl tnkir ef`m.

I`hb`yfaf ]rust Dbfrm nfs mb`k f ebt bl wbrg tb mkei`kftk ef`m dkeb`hi`h tb vfribus

cbaauìtiks f`m nfs it fccurftkey afppkm b` tnk Hkbhrfpnic Zbsitibì`h Systka.

]nis afgks pef`ì`h aucn kfsikr. ]nkrk frk tbw`s f`m tbw`snips tnft frk ebcftkm i`

ef`m u`mkr tnk cb`trbe bl I`hb`yfaf ]rust Dbfrm tnft `kkm tnk auìcipfeity f`m

I`hb`yfaf ]rust Dbfrm tb feih` pef`s f`m lueliee tnkir af`mftks f`m rkspb`sidieitiks

efim mbw` i` efw lbr tnk dk`klit bl cbaauìtiks.

I` sbak frkfs tnk kxpf`sib` bl tnk tbw` br tbw`snip nfppk`s i` f` frkf tnft is

u`mkr tnk cb`trbe bl trfmitib`fe ekfmkrsnip dut `b lbrua kxists lbr tnk afttkrs tb dk

miscusskm f`m rksbevk millkrk`cks. Fs Zrkaikr, I nfvk dkk` fpprbfcnkm dy skvkrfe

fafgnbsi, afybrs f`m Mkpfrtak`ts tb fssist i` tnis afttkr. I fa ckrtfi` tnft

tbhktnkr wk wiee li`m f efsti`h sbeutib`.

]nkrk afy wkee dk f hfp i` tnk ekhiseftib` tb mktkrai`k nbw afttkrs bl tnis `fturk

snbuem dk rksbevkm i` cfsk bl cb`leict. @fturfeey, fs IsiebsfafDf`mef i`micftkm i` nis

fmmrkss, fafgnbsi afy lkke tnky wkrk `bt cb`suetkm wniek auìcipfeitiks lkke tnky

frk u`mkr prkssurk tb prbvimk skrvicks.

Miscussib`s dktwkk` auìcipfeitiks f`m I`hb`yfaf ]rust Dbfrm aust dk nkem b` f

rkhuefr f`m structurkm dfsis tb lfcieitftk rurfe mkvkebpak`t f`m rksbevk afttkrs bl

rftks f`m ekviks f`m tnk bdeihftib`s tnft lebw lrba sucn.

]nk wbrg bl tnk Zrbvi`cife Zef`ì`h Cbaaissib` nfs fesb cb`tridutkm sihìlicf`tey tb

iapbrtf`t drkfgtnrbuhns f`m prbhrkss afmk witn tnk prbabtib` bl skcurity bl ef`m

tkùrk i` dbtn tnk urdf` f`m rurfe cb`tkxt. F prbckss nfs dkk` iìtiftkm witn tnk


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Mkpfrtak`t bl Turfe Mkvkebpak`t f`m Ef`m Tklbra tb rksbevk bdstructib`s tb tnk

pfssi`h bl lrkknbem ef`m bw`krsnip tb pkrsb`s i` tnk lbrakr defcg tbw`snips. ]nis

wiee `bt bèy sudstf`tifeey i`crkfsk tnk vfeuk bl sucn prbpkrtiks, dut it wiee fesb

prbvimk bw`krs witn f lbra bl cbeeftkrfe f`m fssist af`y prkvibusey misfmvf`tfhkm

bccupf`ts tb dkcbak fctivk rbek-pefykrs i` tnk prbpkrty afrgkt f`m bur kcb`bay.

F cebsk wbrgi`h rkeftib`snip nfs dkk` kstfdeisnkm witn tnk I`hb`yfaf ]rust f`m tnk

Zrbvi`cife Zef`ì`h Cbaaissib`. Lira prbpbsfes frk b` tnk tfdek tb k`surk tnft tnk

cebsk tb 3.3-aieeib` nkctfrks bl ef`m nkem i` cbaau`fe bw`krsnip i` tnis Zrbvi`ck cf`

dk prbtkctkm, i` f af``kr tnft wiee `bt iapkmk fcckss tb tnis ef`m lbr kcb`baic

mkvkebpak`t purpbsks, `br i` f af``kr tnft wiee prkvk`t tnk currk`t bccupf`ts bl

tnis ef`m tb hfi` luee dk`klit lrba tnis vfeufdek fsskt. Il Hbvkràk`t Mkpfrtak`ts f`m

fhk`ciks frk `bt strkfaei`km, tnis crkftks u`ckrtfi`ty lbr pbtk`tife i`vkstbrs. It

snbuem `bt dk abrk cbapeicftkm tb mb dusi`kss i` bur Zrbvi`ck tnf` it is i` btnkrs.

]nrbuhn tnis prbckss wk nbpk tb dk fdek tb prbckkm witn tnk lbrafeisftib` bl

pef`ì`h f`m prbabti`h skcurity bl tkùrk i` gky rurfe skrvick mkvkebpak`t `bmks

sucn fs Af`huzi, Obziì, Nefdisf, ]uhkef Lkrry, Mumumu, @gf`mef Safrt Ck`trk,

Cnfrekstbw`, Aduadueu, @hwfvuaf, ktc

Sbak bl tnk tbw`s frk mkcfyi`h wniek btnkrs frk hrbwi`h dut frk witnbut f

lbrafeizkm pef`. CBH]F nfs dkk` fssih`km tb prbmuck pef`s lbr kfcn bl tnk tbw`s,

cekfrey i`micfti`h frkfs lbr i`mustrife mkvkebpak`t, cbaakrcife f`m dusi`kss

fctivitiks f`m frkfs lbr nuaf` skttekak`t i` kfcn tbw` f`m i`micftk wnft ekvke bl

skrvicks cbaauìtiks aust kxpkct lrba kfcn tbw` br auìcipfe cbu`cie. ]nk

prbhrfaak lbr cbrrimbr mkvkebpak`t f`m rknfdieitftib` bl safee rurfe tbw`s nfs

rksburcks feebcftkm lbr fssisti`h tbw`s tb survivk, hrbw f`m fttrfct i`vkstak`ts f`m

prbvimk skrvicks lbr cbaauìtiks f`m stka aihrftib` tb dihhkr citiks i` skfrcn bl obd

bppbrtuìtiks f`m f dkttkr eilk.

Aihrftib` tb Obnf``ksdurh, Murdf` f`m btnkr aktrbpbeitf` frkfs wiee dk fcckekrftkm

dy tnk i`mustrife mkvkebpak`ts f`m nuhk i`vkstak`ts tnft wiee tfgk pefck i` tnk `kxt


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4:

4: ykfrs. Hbvkràk`t pef`s aust tfgk i`tb fccbu`t tnk `kkms bl bur cbaauìtiks i`

4: ykfrs f`m afgk prbvisib` i` tnk pef`ì`h prbckss.

Xk aust dri`h mkvkebpak`t tb rurfe frkfs tb stfdieizk tnka f`m k`surk tnft wkee

pfyi`h obd bppbrtuìtiks fttrfct pkbpek sucn fs kmucftib` f`m nkfetn prblkssib`fes

lrba afobr citiks tb eivk i` rurfe frkfs.

]nk ekvke bl kmucftib` f`m fvfiefdieity bl snbppi`h afees f`m afobr i`mustriks f`m

sbcife fakìtiks lbr skel-mkvkebpak`t aust dk ebcftkm i` rurfe frkfs tb afgk tnka

fttrfctivk lbr af`y.

F T[TFE MK\KEBZAK@] S[AAI] wiee dk cb`vk`km i` tnk `kxt twb ab`tns

i`vbevi`h `ftib`fe, prbvi`cife f`m ebcfe hbvkràk`ts, I`hb`yfaf ]rust Dbfrm f`m

fafgnbsi tb feih` pef`s f`m rksbevk fee tnk issuks rfiskm dy vfribus stfgknbemkrs.

]nk suaait aust fesb miscuss tnk lftk bl 6:>9


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succkss. ]nk trutn tnbuhn is tnft tnis aust dk afmk f cueturk bl Gwf_ueu-@ftfe

pkbpek. Kvkryb`k aust hrbw tnkir bw` vkhktfdeks. Xk nfvk `btkm af`y

cbaauìtiks wnb prbmuckm vkhktfdeks f`m efcgkm afrgkts tb skee tnka. Xk nfvk

fmbptkm tnk abmke bl tnk Iekadk Mistrict vkhktfdek afrgkt tb sbevk tnis prbdeka lbr

hbbm.

I` tnis abmke Zrbvi`cife f`m ebcfe hbvkràk`t crkftk f vkhktfdek nud tnft

wfrknbusks f`m afrgkts fee prbmuck b` dknfel bl sudsistk`ck f`m safee scfek

lfrakrs. ]nis crkftks f hufrf`tkkm afrgkt lbr fee tnbsk nbak hfrmk`s. ]nis wiee `bw

crkftk f` i`ck`tivk lbr tnbsk wnb wiee usk fhricueturk tb hk`krftk i`cbak f`m crkftk

obd bppbrtuìtiks, kspkcifeey tnk ybutn f`m wbak`. Xk nfvk mirkctkm tnft fee mistrict

cbu`cies snbuem skt tnksk up witni` tnk `kxt six ab`tns. Li`f`cife suppbrt wiee dk

prbvimkm dy tnk Zrbvi`cife Hbvkràk`t tb fuhak`t auìcipfe rksburcks. Itnfef Df`g

nfs fhrkkm tb pfrt`kr f`m bllkr crkmit lfcieitiks tb safee hrbwkrs.

B`ck lbrakm, tnk Safee Dusi`kss Mkvkebpak`t Fhk`cy wiee wbrg cebskey tb suppbrt

tnk cb-bpkrftivks f`m safee dusi`kss i`vbevkm i` tnk iìtiftivk.

I` tur`, tnksk vkhktfdek nuds wiee k`tkr i`tb f` fhrkkak`t witn tnk AKCs bl

Kmucftib` f`m Nkfetn wnb wiee hufrf`tkk tb purcnfsk fee tnk fvfiefdek prbmuck lbr

purpbsks bl tnk scnbbe lkkmi`h scnkak (@@SZ) f`m vfribus nbspitfes u`mkr tnk

Zrbvi`cife Hbvkràk`t. ]nk Cbrrkctib`fe Skrvicks Aiìstkr wiee dk fpprbfcnkm fs

wkee. Fee tnis wiee dk mb`k tb rkvivk f`m sustfi` cb-bpkrftivk abvkak`ts wnicn snfee

dk afmk pfrt f`m pfrcke bl tnk iìtiftivk lrba tnk dkhi`ì`h.

]nk Zrbvi`cife Hbvkràk`t is currk`tey i`vkstihfti`h f pbvkrty pfcgfhk tb suppbrt

cbaauìtiks i` pbvkrty fltkr tnky nfvk dkk` prbliekm tnrbuhn Bpkrftib` Suguaf

Sfgnk. ]nkrk frk af`y cbaauìtiks wnkrk tnkrk is u`kapebyak`t dut mb `bt

qufeily lbr f`y Hbvkràk`t suppbrt.

Xniek tnkrk frk wkelfrk hrf`ts f`m obd bppbrtuìtiks i` citiks wnicn fttrfct af`y

ybutn tb urdf` ck`trks, it is mf`hkrbus tb feebw cbaauìtiks tb ebsk tnk cbeekctivk

akabry f`m sgiee bl lfrai`h. It afgks pkbpek nkepekss wniek tnky sit b` vfeufdek f

fsskt - tnk ef`m!


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]nk Hbvkràk`t nfs k`tkrkm i`tb f pfrt`krsnip witn _IAKEK, f hrbup bl wbak`

i`vbevkm i` rkgi`mei`h tnk spirit bl skel-nkep f`m skel-sustfi`fdek eivkeinbbm. ]nky lbcus

b` cbeekctivk sfvi`hs f`m duiemi`h cbaauìty fsskts f`m ekss mkpk`mk`ck b`

Hbvkràk`t wkelfrk hrf`ts. ]nis spirit wiee dk pef`tkm i` fee tnk wfrms imk`tilikm fs

pbvkrty stricgk` fs wk duiem tnk spirit bl k`trkprk`kursnip lbr pkbpek tb eivk f`m

survivk b` wnft tnky nfvk i` tnkir surrbu`mi`hs. ]nky wiee trfi` =::: wbak` lrba

kfcn bl tnk pbbrkst wfrms, f`m 63 3:: wiee dk kapbwkrkm.

]nk Mkpfrtak`t bl Fhricueturk nfs imk`tilikm sbyf, mry dkf`s f`m afizk fs prbmucts

lbr i`tk`sivk suppbrt i` ei`k witn tnk cb`ckpt bl B@K \IEEFHK B@K ZTBM[C]. I`

vfryi`h mkhrkks tnk lbeebwi`h mistricts nfvk dkk` imk`tilikm tb dk abst suitfdek?

_ueuef`m, u]nu`hueu, u]nugkef, [hu, Iekadk, Sisb`gk, uAhu`hu`mebvu. ]nk

Mkpfrtak`t wiee lfcieitftk prbmuctib`, stbrfhk siebs, prbckssi`h f`m sfeks tb crkftk

hrbwtn f`m obd crkftib` i` tnk imk`tilikm cbaauìtiks. ]nk purpbsk is tb prbmuck

k`buhn lbr cb`suaptib` i` tnk Zrbvi`ck f`m eifisk witn tnk cbaakrcife skctbr lbr

afrgkt bppbrtuìtiks b` dknfel bl cbaau`fe sudsistk`ck lfrakrs.

]nk Fhri-dusi`kss Mkvkebpak`t Fhk`cy nfs nfm its af`mftk kxtk`mkm tb suppbrt

tnk prbckss wbrgi`h witn kakrhi`h lfrakrs, kspkcifeey fltkr ef`m rkstitutib`. ]nk

mkcei`k i` fhricueturfe prbmuctib` fltkr tnk ef`m cefias aust dk nfetkm br tnk k`tirk

cbu`try wiee sullkr cb`skquk`cks. ]nk dumhkt bl tnk FMF nfs dkk` fmoustkm tb feebw

lbr lekxidieity f`m crkftivity i` rkspb`mi`h tb lfrakrs i` mistrkss.

]nk prbokcts f``bu`ckm efst ykfr cb`tiùk, f`m `kw b`ks nfvk dkk` fmmkm lbr f

lbcuskm fttk`tib` dy tnk Mkpfrtak`t bl Fhricueturk.

]nrbuhn tnk akcnfìsftib` prbhrfaak fdbut 3:: trfctbrs nfvk dkk` afmk

fvfiefdek tb cbaauìtiks f`m nfvk pebuhnkm 68848 nkctfrks tnis ykfr. ]nk

mkpfrtak`t aust tfrhkt twick tnis frkf i` tnk cbai`h ykfr.

]nkrk wiee stiee dk lbcus b` tnk spkcife cftfeytic prbokcts sucn fs Afgnbdf Mfiry,

Oigiokef, Afsidfadisf`k, Aimef`ms vkhktfdek f`m lruit i` Aimmkerus, Mfw` \feeky

Zf`mkrbsf. ]uhkef Kstftk. SFD Aieekr cb`trfct prbokct prbmuckm fdbut 6: :::

tb``ks bl afizk ft rftk bl 3-> tb`s pkr nf. Skvkrfe irrihftib` scnkaks wiee dk rkvivkm

dy tnk mkpfrtak`t.


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]nk eivkstbcg prbokct nfs snbw` trkak`mbus pbtk`tife f`m Eivkstbcg fssbciftib`

nfvk stfhkm eucrftivk fuctib` sfeks rf`hi`h up tb T3 aieeib` i` tbtfe sfeks cb`muctkm

i` b`k mfy. ]nk fpprbfcn tb `huì prbokct wiee dk rkvikwkm. ]nk hbft lfrai`h

prbhrfaak nfs dk`klittkm 664 lfrakrs sb lfr f`m it cb`tiùks tb snbw trkak`mbus

pbtk`tife. ]nkrk is f skribus muapi`h cnfeek`hk i` tnk pbuetry i`mustry tnft nfs dkk`

drbuhnt tb ay fttk`tib` dy tnk Zbuetry Fssbciftib`. ]nis pbsks f skribus risg tnft

afy cbeefpsk tnis i`mustry il u`fttk`mkm. Lbrtu`ftkey tnk Aiìstkr lbr ]rfmk f`m

I`mustry fssurkm ak tnft nk is hivi`h tnk afttkr nis skribus fttk`tib` f`m I nbpk f

sbeutib` is `bt lfr.

]nk luturk bl tnis cbu`try is i` tnk nf`ms bl bur cniemrk`. Il tnky frk `bt kmucftkm,

tnkir luturk f`m tnft bl Sbutn Flricf is u`ckrtfi`, tb sfy tnk ekfst.

9;.4% bl fee bur livk-ykfr-bem cniemrk` frk i` scnbbe. I` btnkr wbrms, fee 4:: 4:;

Hrfmk T pupies nfvk dkk` rkhistkrkm i` 393= scnbbes. I` tnk fhk hrbup :-= tnkrk frk

643 ;:< ekfr`krs rkckivi`h kfrey cniemnbbm mkvkebpak`t. Fs bur lbrkdkfrs wbuem

sfy? Eiduòwf eiskvf.

Cbapftribts, b` tnk bccfsib` bl bur i`fuhurfe Stftk bl tnk Zrbvi`ck Fmmrkss wk

stftkm tnft kmucftib` nfs tb dk kekvftkm fs f pribrity lbr wnicn tnk k`tirk cbaauìty

aust dk abdieizkm tb k`surk tnft tnk luturk bl bur cniemrk` is skcurkm f`m tb

strk`htnk` bur lihnt fhfi`st pbvkrty. Xk cfee upb` tnk cbaauìty ekfmkrs, pfrk`ts,

tkfcnkrs f`m ekfr`krs tb wbrg tbhktnkr tb dri`h dfcg tnk cueturk bl ekfrì`h f`m

tkfcni`h.

]kfcnkrs aust fewfys dk i` cefss, b` tiak, tkfcni`h f`m rklrfi` lrba u`sfvbury

rkeftib`s witn ekfr`krs k`trustkm u`mkr tnkir cfrk.

I` tnis rkhfrm, wniek tnk mkdftk cb`tiùks rkhfrmi`h kmucftib` fs f` kssk`tife

skrvick, wk trust tnft fee i`tkrkstkm pfrtiks wiee li`m cbaab` hrbu`m kxpkmitibusey i`

brmkr tb fvbim lurtnkr u`ckrtfi`ty fdbut tnk wfy lbrwfrm.

Xk tnkrklbrk wkecbak Zrksimk`t _uafs mkcisib` tb kstfdeisn f Zrksimk`tife

Cbaaissib` tb i`vkstihftk tnk fpprbpriftk`kss bl tnk rkau`krftib` f`m cb`mitib`s bl

skrvick lbr pudeic skrvf`ts, witn tkfcnkrs dki`h pribritiskm.


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]nk cniem is bur lbcus. Xk `bw nfvk 68;46 ekfr`krs dk`kliti`h lrba bur ekfr`kr

trf`spbrt prbhrfaak, up lrba 6>9> i` 4::9.]nk ùadkr bl `b-lkk scnbbes nfs dkk`

i`crkfskm lrba 6>89 i` 4::9 tb 489< tb mftk, wnicn cb`stitutks >4.=8% bl bur

scnbbes (dki`h `b`-lkk pfyi`h) i` tnk Zrbvi`ck f`m tnksk scnbbes fccbu`t lbr 86.=%

bl bur ekfr`krs.

Xk sfim i` 4::9? Xk frk mktkrai`km tb cb`tiùk iaprbvi`h tnk qufeity bl kmucftib`

f`m iaprbvk tnk aftricueftib` f`m kspkcifeey aftnkaftics rftks i` tnk `kxt livk

ykfrs.

Xk stf`m dklbrk ybu tbmfy tb rkpbrt tnft tnk Hrfmk 64 rksuets i` 4::> wkrk ;8.>%

f`m tnk cefss bl 4:64 fcnikvkm 83.6%, f afhìlick`t quf`tua bl 6;.3%

iaprbvkak`t. Xk cbaak`m tnk Cefss bl 4:64, tnk kmucftbrs f`m pfrk`ts.

Lrba 4::9 tb mftk wk nfvk i`crkfskm tnk ùadkr bl ekfr`krs pfssi`h Aftnkaftics

f`m Scik`ck lrba 4= 4>= tb 3: =:> f`m 43 ;6< tb 4< 8>3 rkspkctivkey. Xk `kkm tb

mb abrk wbrg i` tnis frkf.

Xk `btk pkrlbraf`ck i` tnk F`ùfe @ftib`fe Fsskssak`ts lbr Hrfmks 3 f`m f`m 4:66. ]nky qubtkm f stumy dy tnk Akmicfe Tkskfrcn Cbu`cie wnicn lbu`m

tnft? tnk eilk kxpkctf`cy nfm i`crkfskm lrba ;


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Bur Hbvkràk`t nfs i`vkstkm lu`ms i` tnk prbvisib` bl sbcife i`lrfstructurk tb

i`crkfsk fcckssidieity dy fee cbaauìtiks tnrbuhn pk`sib` pfy pbi`ts, ]nusb`h, B`k

Stbp Mkvkebpak`t f`m Nbusknbem-dfskm Cbaauìty Mkvkebpak`t Ck`trks.

Hbvkràk`t nfs cb`scibusey i`crkfskm lu`mi`h tb tnk `b`-hbvkràk`tfe skctbr dy

T3::-aieeib` lbr tnis li`f`cife ykfr. Xk nbpk tb strk`htnk` bur rkeftib`snip witn

tnksk pfrt`krs fs tnkrk is nuhk scbpk lbr `b`-hbvkràk`tfe brhfìzftib`s f`m lfitn -

dfskm i`stitutib`s tb cb-bpkrftk witn Hbvkràk`t i` cfri`h lbr tnk vue`krfdek skctbrs

bl bur cbaauìty.

]nk frkfs lbr pfrt`krsnip witn @HBs frk cfrk lbr tnk misfdekm, skìbr citizk`s,

brpnf`s f`m vue`krfdek cniemrk` fs wkee fs tnk lihnt tb rkmuck fee sbcife iees. ]nk EI\

prbokct i` wnicn hbvkràk`t, tnk cnurcn f`m dusi`kss nfvk pfrt`krkm tb ebbg fltkr

brpnf`s is prbhrkssi`h wkee f`m pef`s frflbbt tb rkpeicftk tnk abmke i` tnk prbvi`ck.

Xk nfvk iaprbvkm cbapeif`ck bl `b`-prblit brhfìsftib`s tb ekhiseftivk rkquirkak`ts

wniek ft tnk sfak tiak krfmicfti`h lbstkr cfrk dfcgebhs.

Cbapftribts, wk `btk akmif rkpbrts feabst b` f mfiey dfsis fdbut nbw mkvibus

crbbgs, cbeeumi`h witn cbrrupt pudeic skrvf`ts, frk stkfei`h aieeib`s bl Tf`ms i`tk`mkm

dy tnk Stftk tb suppbrt tnk i`mihk`t, misfdekm f`m vue`krfdek fab`h us.

I` brmkr tb cbrrkct wkfg`kssks i` tnk sbcife hrf`t systka, Hbvkràk`t is rk-

rkhistkri`h fee dk`klicifriks usi`h dib-aktric fcckss f`m tnk dueg rkhistrftib` bl sbcife

hrf`t dk`klicifriks is currk`tey u`mkrwfy.

Ferkfmy 4 =93 86; kxisti`h dk`klicifriks f`m tnkir cniemrk` nfvk dkk` rk-rkhistkrkm.

Xk frk cb`limk`t tnft tnis akfsurk wiee nkep imk`tily lrfumuek`t hrf`ts f`m k`nf`ck

tnk i`tkhrity bl dk`klicifry mftf b` tnk Fhk`cys systka.

Dkeikvk it br `bt 4= =


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Cb`trfry tb tnk wimkey nkem dut u`lbu`mkm dkeikl fab`h sbak i` bur cbu`try, sbcife

hrf`ts nfvk f pbsitivk iapfct i` tnk feekviftib` bl pbvkrty. F stumy b` tnk iapfct bl

Cniem Suppbrt Hrf`t mb`k i` Fuhust 4:66 nfs fab`h its gky li`mi`hs tnft cniemrk`

wnb rkckivk hrf`ts frk eigkey tb stfy i` scnbbe tnf` tnbsk wnb mb `bt, f`m tnk hrf`t

is uskm priafriey tb tbp up nbusknbem i`cbak.

]nkrk is fesb `b mbudt tnft tnk wkelfrk hrf`t nfs tnk mirkct kllkct bl feekvifti`h

pbvkrty tb kfcn f`m kvkry b`k bl tnk 3.>aieeib` rkcipik`ts i` Gwf_ueu-@ftfe.

Criak

Fs sbcikty, wk cf` bèy wi` tnk wfr fhfi`st criak wnk` wk fcg`bwekmhk tnft f

efsti`h sbeutib` cf` bèy dk fcnikvkm wnk` tnk criai`fe kekak`t i` bur sbcikty is

isbeftkm.

Fttfiàk`t bl bur \isib` 4:3: cf``bt nfppk` i` f Gwf_ueu-@ftfe wnkrki` criai`fes

rkih` suprkak.

Imk`tilyi`h tnk lihnt fhfi`st criak akf`t tnft criai`fes aust dk afmk tb lkke tnft tnk

timk bl sbciktfe misfpprbvfe nfs tur`km fhfi`st efwekss`kss f`m efcg bl rkspkct lbr

tnk rihnts bl btnkrs. ]nis is f eb`h f`m nfrm lihnt, dut wk nfvk afmk f hbbm stfrt.

Xk efu`cnkm f cbaprknk`sivk strftkhy fhfi`st criak cfeekm Duiemi`h f [ìtkm Lrb`t

Fhfi`st Criak, hk`krfeey g`bw` fs Bpkrftib` Nefskef f`m i`tkhrftkm it tb

mkpfrtak`ts i` tnk spirit bl BZKTF]IB@ S[G[AF SFGNK.

]nk strftkhy i`vbevks abdieizi`h cbaauìtiks tb wbrg witn f`m suppbrt tnk pbeick. It

is f pfrt`krsnip witn cbaauìty sflkty structurks, fs wkee fs kekctkm, rkeihibus f`m

trfmitib`fe ekfmkrs ft fee ekvkes f`m bvkr 4::: cbaauìty vbeu`tkkrs tb wbrg tbhktnkr

i` tnk b`sefuhnt fhfi`st criak.

Xniek wk fcg`bwekmhk tnft f ebt bl wbrg aust dk mb`k tb dri`h criak tb f` k`m,

currk`t stftistics snbw tnft aurmkr mkcrkfskm dy >.84% f`m fttkaptkm aurmkr dy


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]nbsk wnb skkg tb fcnikvk pbeiticfe k`ms tnrbuhn fssfssi`ftib`s f`m fcts bl

tnuhhkry frk bccupyi`h tnkir rihntlue spfck i` bur prisb` ckees.

Zrbhrfaaks bl cbaauìtiks i` mifebhuk nfvk dkk` uskm tb akmiftk fab`hst

hrbups bl cbaauìtiks i` cb`leict f`m lbstkr rkcb`cieiftib` rksueti`h i` eb`h efsti`h

pkfck.

Xk fcg`bwekmhk tnft tnkrk nfs dkk` f mrbp i` tnk criak rftk i` tnk Zrbvi`ck, dut it

rkafi`s u`fcckptfdek. Nbwkvkr, wk stiee `kkm tb fmmrkss tnk criak wnkrk wk

kxpkrik`ckm f` upsurhk, lbr kxfapek i` stbcg tnklt, mrivi`h u`mkr tnk i`leuk`ck bl

eiqubr br mruhs, mruh-rkeftkm criaks f`m cbaab` rbddkry.

Xk frk rkcefiai`h tnk spfck bccupikm dy tnk mruh mkfekrs. Xk frk rihnt b` tnk nkkes

bl tnbsk wnb rfpk f`m giee bur hrf`mabtnkrs f`m mfuhntkrs bltk` u`mkr tnk i`leuk`ck

bl mruhs.

Ft tnk dkhi`ì`h bl tnis tkra bl bllick, wk cbaaittkm Hbvkràk`t tb i`tk`sily tnk

lihnt fhfi`st sudstf`ck fdusk fs pfrt bl b`-hbi`h kllbrts fiakm ft krfmicfti`h sbcife

iees lrba bur cbaauìtiks.

F cfapfih` fhfi`st mruh trfllicgi`h nfs dkk` efu`cnkm dy tnk Zrbvi`cife

Hbvkràk`t ekm dy tnk Zrkaikr, i`vbevi`h f spkcifeizkm tkfa bl pbeick i`vkstihftbrs.

Xk cbaak`m tnk pkbpek bl Cnftswbrtn, Xk`twbrtn, Akrkwk`t, I`f`mf lbr tnk

pfrt`krsnip tnky nfvk mkab`strftkm i` tnis cfapfih`. ]nkir suppbrt lbr tnk pbeick i`

suppeyi`h cb`crktk i`lbraftib` nfs rksuetkm i` nihn prbliek frrksts bl mruh ebrms tnft

nfvk keumkm pbeick lbr af`y ykfrs. ]nk fctivk pfrticipftib` bl ]nk Zbst @kwspfpkr

mkab`strftks prbhrkss tnft is pbssidek witn akmif pfrt`krs pefyi`h f cb`structivk

rbek i` suppbrt bl tnk cbaauìtiks.

]nis cfapfih` wiee cb`tiùk tnrbuhnbut tnk ykfr u`mkr f lbrua fhfi`st mruh

trfllicgi`h f`m sudstf`ck fdusk efu`cnkm ykstkrmfy. Cnfirkm dy tnk Zrkaikr, tnis

Lbrua wiee nfvk akadkrs rkprksk`ti`h Hbvkràk`t f`m f drbfm skctib` bl civie

sbcikty. It wiee lbcus b` prkvk`tib`, cfrk, rkskfrcn f`m suppbrt lbr cbaauìtiks i`

tnkir rksbevk tb stfap mruhs but bl tnkir nbaks, scnbbes f`m `kihndburnbbm.


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Xk nfvk tfgk` f vkry strb`h stf`ck b` rbfm sflkty f`m prkvk`tib` bl fccimk`ts i`

tnk Zrbvi`ck. Bvkr 3 aieeib` pkbpek wkrk stbppkm f`m ;8; :43 writtk` cnfrhks wkrk

issukm. Bvkr 49 ::: uèick`skm vkniceks nfvk dkk` tfgk` bll bur rbfms.

Xniek tnk tbtfe mkcrkfsk i` lftfeitiks lrba 4::9 tb mftk nfs dkk` 33, rni`bs gieekm dktwkk` Fprie 4:64 f`m Ofùfry

tnis ykfr. Xk k`cburfhkm, nbwkvkr, tnft 39 cueprits bl vfribus `ftib`feitiks nfvk

dkk` frrkstkm.

Xk sfeutk bur efw-k`lbrckak`t fhk`ciks lbr tnkir mkmicftib` f`m fcnikvkak`ts.

Xk sfeutk iSieb sfafDf`mef lbr cb`sistk`t ekfmkrsnip i` tnis rkhfrm.

CEIAF]K CNF@HK CB[@CIE

Lbeebwi`h tnk succksslue nbsti`h bl CBZ 68 Suaait, tnk Zrbvi`cife Hbvkràk`t nfsmkab`strftkm its cbaaitak`t tb k`surk tnft Gwf_ueu-@ftfe dkcbaks f abmke bl f

Zrbvi`ck tnft is hrkk`kr, cekf`kr, sustfi`fdek f`m prbspkrbus.

Cbapftribts, feebw ak tb i`lbra tnis nbusk tnft i` Skptkadkr efst ykfr wk nbstkm

tnk i`fuhurfe akkti`h bl tnk Gwf_ueu-@ftfe Ceiaftk Cnf`hk Cbu`cie. It is cbapriskm

bl rkprksk`tftivks lrba tnk privftk skctbr, `b`-hbvkràk`tfe brhfìzftib`s, civie

sbcikty, fcfmkaics, rkeihibus ekfmkrs, trfmitib`fe ekfmkrs f`m tnk akmif.

Bvkr tnk rkck`t ab`tns, wk nfvk skk` tnft ceiaftk cnf`hk nfs tnk pbtk`tife tb fllkct

feabst kvkry skctbr i` tnk kcb`bay bl tnis Zrbvi`ck. Fs f rksuet, tnk Cbu`cie ismkvkebpi`h f prbhrfaak bl fmfptftib` f`m aitihftib` witn f` fia bl rkmuci`h tnkrisgs bl ceiaftk cnf`hk, i`ceumi`h pef`ti`h b`k aieeib` trkks i` ; ykfrs, prbabtib` bltnk cbaauìty-dfskm wfstk lbr lbbm prbhrfaak lbr obd crkftib` f`m is f akadkr blf` i`tkr`ftib`fe fssbciftib` bl prbvi`cks cfeekm tnk Ceiaftk Hrbup.

]nk cbu`cie is cb-brmi`fti`h tnk wbrg bl tnk tnrkk tikrs bl hbvkràk`t tb k`surkdusi`kss f`m sbcikty frk prbvimkm witn tnk `kckssfry tbbes tb k`surk tnk rkmuctibì` hrkk`nbusk hfs kaissib`s dy i`crkfsi`h k`krhy kllicik`cy, witnbut cbaprbaisi`hsustfi`fdek mkvkebpak`t.

Hbbm Hbvkr`f`ck f`m Fmaiìstrftib


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Ft tnk dkhi`ì`h bl tnk tkra bl tnis currk`t Fmaiìstrftib`, wk u`mkrtbbg tb crkftk f`

iafhk bl f cekf` f`m kllicik`t hbvkràk`t, witn f strb`h lbcus b` hbbm hbvkr`f`ck

f`m tb dk vkry lira f`m mkcisivk i` tnk lihnt fhfi`st lrfum f`m cbrruptib` i` bur Zudeic

Skrvick. Xk cb`tiùk tb afi`tfi` tnis pbsitib`.

]nk Zkrlbraf`ck Abìtbri`h f`m Kvfeuftib` [ìt wbrgi`h tnrbuhn tnk @krvk Ck`trk

i` tnk Bllick bl tnk Zrkaikr abìtbrs fee mkpfrtak`ts f`m kvfeuftks pkrlbraf`ck f`m

k`surks tnft skt tfrhkts frk fcnikvkm.

]nk tbtfe vfcf`cy rftk i`vbevi`h fee hbvkràk`t i` 4::9 wfs 43%. Xk frk pekfskm tb

rkpbrt tnft tnk vfcf`cy ekvke i` bur Zrbvi`ck nfs dkk` rkmuckm f`m `bw sits ft 8% -

wkee dkebw tnk `ftib`fe ekvke bl 6:% i` ei`k witn tnk Zrksimk`tife mirkctivk.

I` tnk Zrbvi`cife Bpkrftib` Cekf` Fumit, tnk Zrbvi`cife Hbvkràk`t bllkrs fssistf`ck

tb auìcipfeitiks tb iaprbvk fumit butcbaks. CBH]F f`m ]rkfsury lbcus strb`hey b`

k`hfhkak`t witn pbeiticfe f`m fmaiìstrftivk ekfmkrsnip bl pbbr pkrlbrai`h

auìcipfeitiks. ]nis wiee dk abrk sb lbr tnk 8 auìcipfeitiks tnft rkckivkm miscefiakrs.

Xk cb`hrftueftk [atsnkzi Auìpfeity lbr sustfiì`h f cekf` fumit.

It wiee dk rkcfeekm tnft i` 4::9 tnk Hbvkràk`t lfckm tnk prbspkct bl f afssivk bvkr-

kxpk`miturk bl bvkr T=.;-dieeib` wnicn wfs rkmuckm tnrbuhn fustkrity akfsurks.

]nksk cbst-cutti`h akfsurks nfvk si`ck dkk` rkcbaak`mkm dy @ftib`fe ]rkfsury

lbr iapekak`tftib` dy fee Zrbvi`cks.

I` Gwf_ueu-@ftfe, tnis prfctick nfs dkk` fmbptkm cb`tiùbusey dut hkts abrk

kapnfsizkm wnk`kvkr tnk tnrkft bl bvkr-kxpk`miturk rkfrs its nkfm.

Bvkr-kxpk`miturk nfs dkk` mkcefrkm f `b-hb zb`k!

I` 4::9 ft tnk dkhi`ì`h bl tnk tkra bl bllick wk u`mkrtbbg tb crkftk f cfri`h,

rkspkctlue f`m rkspb`sivk hbvkràk`t tnft is huimkm dy tnk pri`cipeks bl Dftnb Zkek.

]b tnis kllkct tnk bllick bl tnk prbvi`cife badumspkrsb` wfs crkftkm f`m ebcftkm i`

tnk Bllick bl tnk Zrkaikr.


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]nis bllick nfs fssistkm tb cb-brmi`ftk tnk cbapefi`ts f`m bpiìb`s lrba tnk pudeic tb

vfribus prbvi`cife mkpfrtak`ts badumspkrsb`s tnrbuhn tnk Zrbvi`cife

Badumspkrsb`s Lbrua. Lrba Fprie tb Mkckadkr efst ykfr tnk Badumsaf`

rkckivkm 3:4 cfsks, 98 bl wnicn nfvk dkk` rksbevkm. Abst bl tnk afttkrs frk

rkckivkm lrba tnk F`ti-cbrruptib` Nbtei`k bl tnk Zudeic Skrvick Cbaaissib` f`m tfgk

f wniek tb rksbevk.

]nk Badumsaf`s Diee tb lurtnkr strk`htnk` f`m rkhueftk tnk bllick bl tnk

badumsaf` wiee dk i`trbmuckm i` tnk Ekhisefturk i` tnk `kw ykfr.

Fs wk f``bu`ckm efst ykfr, tnk Zrkaikrs Bpkrftib` SuguafSfgnk Nbtei`k (:>::

;9< ;986 hbvkràk`t bllicifes nfvk u`mkrhb`k skcurity scrkkì`h f`m wk

cb`tiùk tb iapekak`t tnk rksbeutib`s bl tnk 4:66 I`tkhrity Ekfmkrsnip Cb`lkrk`ck

wnkrk wk cbaaittkm burskevks tnft I mb rihnt kvk` wnk` `bdbmy is wftcni`h.


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