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UTRAN UR11.2 OptionalFeature Description
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UTRAN UR11.2 Optional Feature Description
UTRAN UR11.2 Optional Feature Description Version Date Author Reviewer Notes
V1.20 2012/04/24 ZTE Not open to the third party
2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be disclosed or used
without the prior written permission of ZTE.
Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information in this document is subjected to
change without notice.
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FIGURES
Figure 2-3 Handover from UMTS to GERAN .......... ............ ............. ............ ........... ............. 8
Figure 2-4 Handover from GERAN to UMTS .......... ............ ............. ............ ........... ............. 9
Figure 2-5 Handover from UMTS to GSM .......... ............ .............. ........... ............ ............. .. 10
Figure 2-6 Handover from GSM to UMTS ............. .............. .......... ............. ............. .......... . 11
Figure 2-7 Procedure of CS Fallback to UMTS via redirection for RRC IDLE state .......... .. 13
Figure 2-8 Procedure of CS Fallback to UMTS via redirection for RRC CONNECTED state............................................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 2-9 Procedure of CS Fallback to UMTS via PS Handover................... .......... .......... 15
Figure 2-10 UTRAN to E-UTRAN Inter RAT HO ............ .............. ........... ............ ............. .. 16
Figure 2-11 E-UTRAN to UTRAN Inter RAT HO .......... ........... .............. ............ ........... ...... 17
Figure 2-13 Video Call Fall-Back to Voice ........... ........... .............. ........... ............ ............. .. 21
Figure 2-14 Protocol structure for Iu-pc interface ........... ............. .......... .............. ............ ... 23
Figure 2-15 Networking diagram of Iu-pc connection .......... ........... ............ ............. ........... 24
Figure 2-17 RNC in Pool for Node Redundancy .......... ........... .............. ............ ........... ...... 27
Figure 3-6 Interfaces Isolation of IP port ........... ............. ............ ........... .............. ........... .... 33
Figure 3-7 Operators Isolation of IP port ........... ............. .......... ............. .............. .......... ..... 33
Figure 3-8 VLAN Tag ........... ........... ............. ............. .......... ............. ............. .......... ........... 34
Figure 3-9 PPP/MLPPP Protocol Stack ............ ............. ........... ............ .............. .......... ..... 41
Figure 3-10 Application of IEEE 1588 Clock Synchronization .......... .......... ............. ........... 45
Figure 4-1 16 QAM Constellation Graph ........... ............ .......... .............. ............ ........... ...... 57
Figure 7-1 Basic Principle of 2 ! 2 MIMO Technical Solution ............. ........... ............ ......... 113
Figure 7-2 VAM Option with MIMO .......... ............. ............ ........... .............. ............ .......... 115
TABLES
Table 4-1 HSDPA UE Category Supported by ZTE current version ........... ............. .......... . 47
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Table 6-1 HSUPA UE Category Supported by ZTE ............ ............ ........... ............. ........... 83
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1 Services and Radio Access Bearers
1.1 ZWF21-02-020 WB-AMR Speech Support
Benefits
This feature can provide high quality of voice which makes the voice more natural, and
provide high quality telephone, voice and conference video services.
Description
AMR-WB, which is the abbreviation of Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband, is a wideband
voice coding standard adopted by both ITU-T and 3GPP. It is also called G722.2
standard. Since AMR-WB supports 50~7000Hz speech bandwidth and employs 16KHz
sampling, compared with 300 to 400Hz speech bandwidth and 8KHz sampling supported
by AMR-NB, users can feel the voice more natural, more comfortable and more
distinguishable.
ZTE RAN equipment supports all the nine speech rates of WB-AMR sessions, which are
23.85Kbps, 23.05Kbps, 19.85Kbps, 18.25Kbps, 15.85Kbps, 14.25Kbps, 12.65Kbps,
8.85Kbps, and 6.6Kbps, together with the mute rate 1.75 Kbps. The feature also
supports any combination of the above rates. Whether WB-AMR coding is used and what
rates to be used are decided by CN according to user "s signing information and the
terminal capability.
The RAB parameters of ZTE RAN equipment, used to bear sessions of AMR-WB service,
follow the definition in the 3GPP TS 34.108.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
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1.2 Mobility Management
1.2.1 ZWF21-03-012 Transmitted Power Based Handover
Benefits
This feature is used to guarantee user "s communication quality, avoid the interference to
other users, and optimize the system capacity.
Description
This feature contains two handover types: HO based on uplink transmitting power and
HO based on downlink transmitting power.
In the real network, there may exist such a scenario: the quality of pilot signal hasn "t
reached the threshold which can trigger the coverage based handover, but UE "s uplink
transmitting power or Node B "s downlink transmitting power has already reached a high
degree as a result of the interference or the different coverage scope between the
service channel and the pilot signal channel. In that case, increasing transmitting power
can "t guarantee UE "s QoS. To avoid the interference to other users, it is necessary to
hand over UE to other cell.
ZTE RNC equipment detects uplink transmitting power reported from UE or downlink
transmitting power reported from Node B. Once the transmitting power is higher than a
certain threshold (configured as close to the maximum transmitting power allowed in
usual), RNC can automatically initiate inter-frequency or inter-system measurement to let
UE hand over to an inter-frequency or inter-system cell which has better quality.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
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1.2.2 ZWF21-03-021 Hierarchical Cell Structures
Benefits
This feature supports building hierarchical cell coverage in areas with high subscriberdensity to realize higher system capacity, more efficient mobility management and more
efficient radio resource management (RRM) strategy.
Description
The hierarchical cell structure (HCS) describes a wireless system in which cells of at
least two layers (such as macro cells and micro cells) are overlaid. Macro cells provide
continuous coverage, whereas micro cells absorb traffic. In general, different cells use
different frequencies. Low-mobility and high-rate UEs should camp on micro cells, while
high-mobility and low-rate UEs should camp on macro cells as much as possible so as to
reduce handover and improve the spectral efficiency and system capacity. The essential
aim of HCS is to improve network capacity and QoS.
The feature supports informing the UE whether the cell adopts HCS networking, which
priority level is chosen in HCS cell (the range is from 0 to 7, 0 is the lowest, and 7 is the
highest), and the reselection parameters in other cells in cell system information
broadcast so that the UE can camp on micro cell to absorb more traffic according to cell
reselection algorithm which is defined in 3GPP TS 25.304.
This feature also supports the detecting of user "s moving speed by RNC through
monitoring the number of times that UE changes its best cell in a certain period. If the
number is larger than a threshold, it is reasonable to consider the UE is at a high speed.
At this moment, once the UE is connected with a micro cell which uses HCS architecture,
RNC will automatically hand over it to an HCS Marco cell to reduce the handovers. On
the other hand, if the number of times is smaller than a threshold, it is reasonable to
consider the UE is static. At this moment, once UE is connected with a macro cell which
uses HCS architecture, RNC will initiate inter-frequency measurement. In the case that
micro cell can supply a better coverage, RNC will hand over the UE to an HCS micro cell
to absorb traffic and thus the capacity of the network is enhanced.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
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UTRAN UR11.2 Optional Feature Description
Enhancement
No
1.2.3 ZWF21-03-023 Inter-RAT PS Handover
Benefits
This feature shortens the PS service interruption when there is a handover between
inter-RAT adjacent cells. With this feature, PS service continuity is enhanced, especially
for real-time packet service with higher QoS requirements. User experience gets
improved.
Description
Cell reselection procedure is usually executed when UE is moving between GERAN and
UTRAN. But this makes the PS service interruption last for a long time, which will
definitely affect user experience.
Inter-RAT PS handover is applicable for a UE in Cell_DCH state. The procedure of
Inter-RAT PS handover is just like the CS service inter-RAT handover. The message flow
of inter-RAT PS handover is shown as below, with message within CN omitted:
Figure 1-1 Handover from UMTS to GERAN
BSSMAP BSSMAP
PS Ha ndoverRequest ACK
RANAP RANAP
Iu ReleaseComplete
BSSMAP BSSMAP
PS HandoverRequest
RANAP RANAP
RelocationCommand
BSSMAP BSSMAP
PS HandoverComplete
RANAP RANAP
RelocationRequired
UE Node B RNC PS CN BSC
RRC
Handover from UTRANCommand RRC
RANAP RANAP
Iu ReleaseCommand
First correctly receivedRLC/MAC block
(XID Resp., RAU req.or Cell Update)
) PS handover *
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Figure 1-2 Handover from GERAN to UMTS
RANAP RANAPRelocationRequest BSSMAP BSSMAP
RANAP RANAP
BSSMAP BSSMAP
PS HandoverRequired Ack
BSSMAP BSSMAP
BSSMAP BSSMAPClear Complete
RANAP RANAP
RelocationComplete
UE Node B RNC PS CN BSC
RRC Handover to
UTRAN Complete RRC
RR RR
RANAP RANAP
RelocationDetect
PS HandoverRequired
RelocationRequest ACK
PS Handover Command
Clear Command
Compared with the cell reselection, inter-RAT PS handover decreases both interruption
of data transmission and packet loss rate. And it provides better user experience of
real-time PS service with higher QoS requirements in inter-RAT moving.
Inter-RAT PS handover is not applicable unless UTRAN, GERAN, CN and UE all support
it. Otherwise, either NACC or normal cell change order will be used for PS service to
access an inter-RAT adjacent cell.
Introduced Version
U9.2
Enhancement
No
1.2.4 ZWF21-03-024 DTM Handover
Benefits
This feature guarantees the CS service continuity combined with PS service duringInter-RAT moving. It improves user experience.
Description
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When a user is establishing CS service and PS service simultaneously and moving
between inter-RAT adjacent cells, CS service and PS service are handed over to
inter-RAT cell in parallel via DTM (Dual Transfer Mode) mechanism. The message flow
of DTM handover is shown as below, without the message within CN:
Figure 1-3 Handover from UMTS to GSM
BSSMAP BSSMAP
RANAP RANAP
Iu ReleaseComplete
BSSMAP
RANAP RANAP
UE RNC CS CN PS CN BSC
RRC RRC
RR RR
RANAP RANAP
Iu ReleaseCommand
RANAP RANAP
RelocationRequired
RelocationRequired
BSSMAP BSSMAP
BSSMAP
PS HandoverRequest
BSSMAP BSSMAP
HandoverRequest Ack
Handover Request
PS HandoverRequest Ack
RANAP RANAP
RANAP RANAP
( L3 information: DTM handover Command)
Command
(Target BSS to Source BSS Transpatent container: DTM h andover Command)
Relocation CommandHandover from UTRAN Command
( DTM h andover Command)
BSSMAP BSSMAPHandover Detect
BSSMAPHandover Detect
7 . Handover Complete
BSSMAPBSSMAPHandover Complete
PS HandoverCompleteBSSMAP BSSMAP
RANAP
Iu ReleaseComplete
RANAP RANAP
Iu ReleaseCommand
RANAP
BSSMAP
Relocation
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Figure 1-4 Handover from GSM to UMTS
BSSMAP BSSMAP
PS Handover Required
RANAP RANAP
RelocationRequest Ack.
BSSMAP BSSMAPPS Handover
Required Ack
RANAP RANAPRelocation Complete
RRC
Handover toUTRAN Complete
RR C
RR DTM Handover Command
RR
RANAP RANAP
RelocationDetect
BSSMAPBSSMAP
Handover Required
RANAP RANAPRelocation Request
RANAP RANAPRelocation Request
RANAP RANAP
RelocationRequest Ack.
BSSMAP BSSMAPHandover Command
RANAP RANAPRelocationDetect
RANAP RANAPRelocation Complete
UE RNC CS CN PS CN BSC
Without DTM handover, for CS service and PS service in parallel, PS service does not
access inter-RAT cell until CS service completes handover to inter-RAT cell. Obviously,
DTM handover improves inter-RAT handover performance of PS service when CS
service and PS service are in parallel. It also improves user experience.
DTM handover is applicable when both UMTS system and GSM system support DTM
handover, and UE supports PS service inter-RAT handover.
Introduced Version
U9.2
Enhancement
No
1.2.5 ZWF21-03-026 Target cell Load based inter-RAT HO
Benefits
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UTRAN UR11.2 Optional Feature Description
This feature increases the success rate of inter-RAT handover and decreases the call
drop rate in inter-RAT handover between UMTS system and GSM system, which
improves user satisfaction.
Description
Without this feature, the load of target cell is not considered in the inter-RAT handover.
When the load of a target cell is high, inter-RAT handover is easy to fail or the quality of
service in the target system cannot get guaranteed.
The Target cell Load based inter-RAT HO enables the RNC, via an Iu connection or an
Iur-g connection, to get load information of GSM adjacent cell, or transfer load
information of UMTS adjacent cell to GSM system. The RNC selects a GSM adjacent cell
with lower load as target cell to perform handover to the GSM system.
When an Iur-g connection works normally between an RNC and a BSC, the Iur-g is
preferred to be used to exchange load information. Otherwise, the load information is
exchanged in relocation procedure via the Iu connection.
RNC will periodically update the load of adjacent GSM cells, to guarantee the availability
and correctness of adjacent cell "s load information.
This feature is applicable when the UTRAN, Core Network, GSM network and UE all
support it.
Introduced Version
U9.2
Enhancement
None
1.2.6 ZWF21-03-101 CS Fallback from LTE support
Benefits
Voice is a basic service in mobile network. However IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is
required for LTE network to provide voice. It is impossible to deploy IMS and LTE
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network simultaneously for all operators. When LTE network is incapable of voice, voice
call is still provided to user camping in LTE network via CS Fallback.
Description
CS Fallback to UMTS is to provide voice service via UMTS network for user camping in
LTE network without voice capability.
There are two ways for E-UTRAN triggering a UE to perform CS Fallback to UMTS.
One is redirection. When UE originates or terminals a voice call in LTE network,
E-UTRAN notes the UE redirect to UMTS in RRC Release message. Then UE should
back to RRC IDLE state and perform cell reselection to UMTS carrier indicated in RRC
Release message. When UE selects a UMTS cell and camps successfully, UE requestvoice call connection with UMTS network. In order to accelerate UE reselection to UMTS
and reduce duration of voice call establishment, system information of UMTS cell, which
is the target during CS Fallback, can be included in RRC Release message by E-UTRAN
in 3GPP R9. It requires UTRAN support providing system information to E-UTRAN via
core network. Both UE in RRC IDLE state and UE in RRC CONNECTED are allowed to
be Fallback to UMTS via redirection.
Figure 1-5 Procedure of CS Fallback to UMTS via redirection for RRC IDLE state
UE MME
Redirect to UMTS
Voice Service Request
eNodeB
CS Fallback Indicator
RNC MSC
Voice Service Request or Paging Response
RRC Connection
RRC Connec tion
Voice Call Establishment
Fallback to UMT S(Reselect UMTS cell)
Paging
paging
Case: Mobile Terminal
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Figure 1-6 Procedure of CS Fallback to UMTS via redirection for RRC CONNECTED
state
UE MME
Redirect to UMTS
Voice Service Request
eNodeB
CS Fallback Indicator
RNC MSC
Voice Service Request or Paging response
Data Service Ongoing
RRC C onnection
Voice Call Establishment
CS Paging Notification
Case: Mobile Ter minal
Fallback to UM TS(Reselect UMTS cell)
Another is PS handover. If UE has established a data connection, it can be fallback to
UMTS via PS handover. It means in case of such UE request voice call , E-UTRAN sends
handover request for data to core network. It triggers UTRAN allocates resource for the
data. After E-UTRAN receives successful response from core network, it sends
Handover from E-UTRAN Command in air to UE. When UE access to UTRAN via PS
connection, it initials voice connection request.
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Figure 1-7 Procedure of CS Fallback to UMTS via PS Handover
UE MME
Voice Service Request
eNodeB
Handover from E-UTRAN to UTRAN
RNC SGSN
Voice Service Request or Paging response
Data Service Ongoing
Handover Complete
Voice Call Establishment
Fallback to UMTS(Establish SRB and
PS Traffic RB)
CS Paging Notification
Case: Mobile Terminal
MSC
Handover Prepare
Handover Complete
Data Service Ongoing
Only when both UE and network supporting data service handover from E-UTRAN and
UTRAN, UE with data service connection in E-UTRAN is handover to UTRAN during CS
Fallback. Otherwise, UE is required to release RRC connection by E-UTRAN, and back
to IDLE, then reselects to UTRAN.
CS Fallback also requires UE, core network, and E-UTRAN supporting it. During CS
Fallback, user does not aware of the procedure.
Introduced Version
UR11.2
Enhancement
No.
1.2.7 ZWF21-03-110 Handover with LTE
Benefits
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UTRAN UR11.2 Optional Feature Description
This feature guarantees PS service continuous when user moving between UMTS
coverage and LTE coverage.
Description
When a PS service user leaves LTE network to UMTS network, PS service handover
from LTE to UMTS is needed to keep service connectivity continuity. The handover is
initialized via relocation required from E-UTRAN to core network. When UTRAN receives
relocation request, it allocates resource for the UE and waits for UE accessing. For a
LTE-capable UE is ongoing PS service in UMTS and enters the coverage of LTE, it is
recommended to handover to LTE for high bit rate service experience in LTE. UTRAN
initials relocation required message to core network to start handover. When UTRAN
receives relocation command message, it informs the UE handover to E-UTRAN
neighbor.
Signal flow for PS service handover form UTRAN to E-UTRAN is shown in the figures
below.
Figure 1-8 UTRAN to E-UTRAN Inter RAT HO
UETarget
eNodeB
Forward RelocationRequest
Handover from UTRANCommand
Relocation Required
SourceRNC
Handover request
Handover Request Acknowledge
SourceSGSN
TargetMME
Handover Initiation
Forward RelocationResponse
Relocation Command
E-UTRAN access procedure
Handover to E-UTRAN Complete
Handover Notify
Forward RelocationComplete Notification
Forward RelocationComplete Acknowledge
Iu Release Command
Iu Release Complete
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Signal flow for PS service handover form E-UTRAN to UTRAN is shown in the figures
below.
Figure 1-9 E-UTRAN to UTRAN Inter RAT HO
UETargetRNC
Forward RelocationRequest
Handover from E-UTRANCommand
Handover Required
SourceeNodeB
Relocation Request
Relocation Request Acknowledge
SourceMME
TargetSGSN
Handover Initiation
Forward RelocationResponse
Handover Command
UTRAN acce ss procedure
Handover to UTRAN Complete
Relocation Complete
Forward RelocationComplete Notification
Forward RelocationComplete Acknowledge
Release Resource
This feature includes dual direction handover between UMTS and LTE, and it is applied
in only PS service scenario.
When Both TDD LTE coverage and FDD LTE coverage are exist in same area, UTRAN
filters E-UTRAN neighbor cell of measurement in dedicated mode according to UE
capability, for example just FDD E-UTRAN carrier is sent for UE with only FDD LTE
capability.
Introduced Version
UR11. 2
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1.3 Radio Resource Management
1.3.1 ZWF21-04-005 AMR Rate Controlling
Benefits
This feature supports the dynamic AMR adaptation according to the uplink transmission
power of the UE or the downlink transmission power of the base station. And in case of
an admission failure or a handover failure, the AMR rate is also adjusted to guarantee
that maximal services can access the system. It is useful for increasing the number of
voice users in the system and enhancing the coverage of a voice service in the case of
the radio link quality degrading.
Description
In the UMTS system, the radio environment between UE and a base station always
changes. When a UE is far away from the base station or the radio environment
degrades, the base station or the UE will transmit at a higher power under the action of
the closed-loop power control in order to guarantee the QoS of the AMR service. The
power change and the power increase at this time may result in a sharp increase of the
power and further deterioration of the radio environment. Even when the power is
increased to the maximum value, QoS requirements of service cannot be satisfied. As aresult, the system capacity will decrease.
ZTE RAN monitors the uplink transmission power of the UE reported by internal
measurement or the downlink transmission power of a Node B reported by dedicated
measurement. When the uplink or downlink transmission power rises to a certain
threshold, the RNC will automatically adjust this user's AMR to reduce the power
necessary for service. That is, a conversation is most probably kept at the cost of
reducing voice quality. When the radio environment between the UE and the base station
is good and the transmission power of the base station or the UE decreases to a certainthreshold, AMR can be increased to provide users with better voice quality as long as
other users' feeling and system performance are not affected.
When a cell has high downlink load and uplink load, which is evaluated by means of the
downlink transmission power and the uplink interference respectively, ZTE RAN can
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lighten the cell load by reducing the AMR of some low-priority users. In this way, more
users can be accommodated.
Considering the call quality of the AMR service, ZTE RAN always allocates the highest
bit rate supported by the AMR call and the system resource correspondingly. When the
system is congested, an AMR call, which requests a new establishment or handover to
access the current cell, is refused to access the system. At the moment, ZTE RAN
decreases the allocated bit rate of the AMR call to reduce the required resource. It makes
it easier for the AMR call to access the system. At the same time, congestion control (pls
refer to feature ZWF21-04-010 Congestion Control) is triggered to recover the system
from congestion. Consequently, the success rate of AMR call establishment is increased
and the user satisfaction is improved.
If the load of a cell is a little bit higher, the bit rate of voice call (including NB-AMR and
WB-AMR) is allowed to be restricted. It means a low bit rate is assigned to voice call.
Some area such as stadium is crowed sometimes. So when RAN detects the load of
cells belonging to these area getting higher than the pre-defined threshold, RAN restricts
the AMR voice call to a level to ensure more users accessible.
The actual AMR coding rates which can be adjusted by the RNC must belong to the AMR
code set configured for users by the CN during the call establishment. The voice quality
with low-rate AMR coding is not as good as that with high-rate AMR coding, but low-rate
AMR coding has higher capacity (number of users) and wider coverage than high-rate
AMR coding. Analysis of simulation result shows that there is about 30% coverage radius
gain when the lowest AMR (4.75Kbps) instead of the highest AMR (12.2Kbps) is used.
When the lowest AMR is used, a cell will accommodate twice as many users as those
when the highest AMR is used.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
This feature supports AMR rate adjusting in case of admission failure or handover failure
in release U9.2.
In release U9.3, the restriction to voice call bit rate based on cell load is introduced.
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1.4 QoS Guarantee
1.4.1 ZWF21-05-016 Video Call Prohibited in Specific Area
Benefits
This feature enables the system to suspend the video call service for a specific cell.
Description
The UMTS network provides the video call service. In some areas with security control or
areas with privacy protected, the video call service is prohibited and it is necessary to
suspend the service in the network layer.
This feature provides service suspension parameters for each cell through the NMS.
Through the feature, the system can suspend specified services for specified cells. After
a service is suspended in an area, if the user initiates the service, the RNC indicates
RAB setup failure for the CN during the service setup process. If a connection has been
set up for a service, it is prohibited to hand over the service to the area where the service
is prohibited. If the CN and the UE support the feature, when the video call service is set
up or is handed over to the area where the service is closed, the RNC may roll back the
video call service into a common voice service. In this case, it is necessary to configure
the function ZWF21-05-024 video call fallback to voice call.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
1.4.2 ZWF21-05-024 Video Call Fallback to Speech
Benefits
The GSM system does not support the CS video call defined by the 3GPP. When a user
moves from the UMTS system to the GSM system, this feature can automatically make
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UTRAN UR11.2 Optional Feature Description
the video call fall back to the voice service, and then implement the inter-system
handover, thus reducing the call drop rate of the video call service.
Description
In the initial network construction, the UMTS system usually cannot provide complete
coverage. If the GSM adjacent cells exist at the edge of the UMTS network or areas with
poor UMTS coverage, it is necessary to switch the user from the UMTS to the GSM
system so that the services can be provided continuously.
Figure 1-10 Video Call Fall-Back to Voice
UE Node BServing RNS
ServingRNC
CN
RRCRRC7. DCCH : Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete
NBAP NBAP4. Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready
NBAP NBAP 5. Radio Link Reconfigurat ion Commit
RRCRRC6. DCCH : Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
RANAP RANAP
8. RAB AssignmentResponse
RANAP RANAP
2. RAB AssignmentRequest
[Modification]
NBAP NBAP3. Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare
RANAP RANAP
1. RAB ModificationRequest
The video call service, as a special feature in UMTS system, has been applied
extensively. But the GSM system cannot provide the video call service. As a result, the
video call service in the UMTS network cannot be switched to the GSM system. If the
video call service has to be switched to the GSM system, it may be interrupted forcedly.
This feature enables the system to roll back from the video call service to AMR service
and then implement handover from the 3G system to the 2G system, thus ensuring the
continuity of the voice service.
The implementation of the feature requires the cooperation from the CN and UEs that
support the SCUDIF function.
Introduced Version
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UTRAN UR11.2 Optional Feature Description
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
1.5 Location Service
1.5.1 ZWF21-10-003 Emergency Call Re-direct to GSM
Benefits
If location service is not provided in UMTS system, or accuracy of location service inUMTS system is not high, this feature makes use of location service in 2G network to
give the location information of a user in an emergency call. With the location information,
emergency assistance could be provided in time by some rescue organization.
Description
Emergency call is always requested by a user in certain emergency situations. If the
location of a user in emergency is identified, assistance would be provided without delay.
When location service is not provided in UMTS system or the accuracy of location
service in UMTS system is not high, UMTS system redirects emergency call to 2G
network. Then the location of the user is got via 2G network "s location service.
When the Flag related to Emergency Call Re-direct to GSM is on, if a UE transfers RRC
CONNECTION REQUEST message with a cause of Emergency Call, and the cell where
the message is received has more than one co-located GSM adjacent cell, ZTE RAN
responds RRC CONNECTION REJECT message with the co-located GSM cell
information to the UE. Then the UE performs inter-RAT cell reselecting to the GSM cell
and makes an emergency call again. User does not feel the procedure of re-direction to
GSM, and it seems that the emergency call is launched in GSM network originally.
Introduced Version
U9.2
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Enhancement
No
1.5.2 ZWF21-10-008 Iu-pc Support
Benefits
A SAS (Stand-Along SMLC) can be connected to RNC with Iu-pc interface. It enables
LCS deployment and maintains in entire network without depending on a single RNC.
Description
Iu-pc interface is a standard interface specification in 3GPP. The protocol structure of
Iu-pc is showing in figure below.
Figure 1-11 Protocol structure for Iu-pc interface
PCAP
Transport Network
Layer
Physical Layer
User Transport Network
Plane
Radio
Network
Layer
SSCF-NNI
SSCOP
MTP3-B
IP
SSCF-NNI
AAL5
SCTP
SCCP
M3UA M3UA
SCTP
IP
ATM Data Link
SSCF-NNI
Iu-pc interface is used to connect a RNC to a SAS (Stand-Along SMLC), as the following
figure showing.
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Figure 1-12 Networking diagram of Iu-pc connection
When ZTE RNC is connected to a SAS with Iu-pc interface, LCS is working in
SAS-centric mode. The method for location, GPS assistant data providing and location
calculating is in SAS. RNC transmits location request and offer LCS measurement report
to SAS, as well as transfers location data to CN.
In SAS-centric mode, RNC supports Cell ID with/without RTT and AGPS methods. It
means RNC is able to initial measurement for these LCS methods.
Introduced Version
UR11.2
Enhancement
No
1.6 RAN Management
1.6.1 ZWF21-20-017 Intelligent Carrier Power Off/On
Benefits
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UTRAN UR11.2 Optional Feature Description
This feature enables the system to close some carrier frequencies in the multi-carrier
sector when the traffic volume is very low, thus reducing power consumption of
equipments and the operator's OPEX.
Description
The load of the telecom system varies greatly within a day. During peak traffic hours in
the daytime, the system needs multiple carrier frequencies (for example, S333) to carry
services; at night, one carrier frequency (S111) is enough. When the traffic volume is
very low, the system still uses multiple carrier frequencies to carry services. Though the
load of each carrier frequency is not very high, each carrier frequency needs common
channels such as the pilot channel. The power of the common channels covers 20% of
the transmitting power of the overall carrier frequencies.
With Intelligent Carrier Power off/on feature, RAN monitors traffic status. When the traffic
volume of a carrier is relatively low, the RAN can automatically close it. There are two
methods to evaluate traffic volume.
One is based on user number in connected mode. If the number of user in connected
mode in a carrier is below a pre-defined threshold, the carrier could be closed. Another is
to taken service QoS into account. If all online service of a carrier can be borne in other
carriers in the same sector, then the carrier could be closed. In this case, GBR for
real-time service and a minimal bit rate for non real-time service are considered when
RAN checks the resource allocation in other carrier.
Applicable time period of this function could be defined, only when carrier could be
powered off intelligently.
If RAN finds that the traffic volume increases to such a threshold that the current working
carrier frequencies cannot handle the extra services, it open the closed carrier
frequencies.
When the traffic volume is very low and it is necessary to close some carriers, RAN
gradually reduce the maximum transmitting power of a cell until the RF units on the
redundant carrier frequencies are switched off. In this way, online service in the cell
being switched off can be handover to neighboring inter-frequency cells or neighboring
intra-frequency cells.
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Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
In release UR11.2, traffic volume is evaluated to make decision of intelligent carrier
power off or power on.
1.7 Enhanced RAN Functionality
1.7.1 ZWF21-30-206 RNC in Pool for Node Redundancy
Benefits
This feature provides RNC level backup to avoid single node failure problem in
network and improve whole network reliability.
Description
A number of ZTE RNCs are able to compose a pool. When one RNC breaks down due to
some reasons, for example disaster or power outage, and cannot recover for a certain
period, Node Bs controlled by this RNC could be switched to other RNCs in the pool.
Pooling protection rather than one to one protection can save a lot of cost of reserved
backup hardware. Normally when dimensioning of RNC capacity, some margin hardware
processing resource should be considered for potential burst traffic in network even
higher than estimated peak. Actually the margin process capability also could be used for
RNC level node backup purpose if this feature is applied.
From Node B point of view, each Node B connects to two RNCs. One is primary RNC
who provides management and service connection in normal state. Another is backup
RNC who only provides management and service connection in abnormal situation of
primary RNC. Each RNC has necessary parameters of this Node B. Each Node B keeps
monitoring connection status to its primary RNC. If the connection breaks down for a
certain time, while network services also are not available, Node B considers its primary
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RNC faulty and automatically switches connection to its backup RNC. After switching,
Node B will be able to provide service again.
Figure 1-13 RNC in Pool for Node Redundancy
All Node Bs controlled by a RNC can be divided into several groups. A group of Node Bs
connects to the same backup RNC. Different groups of Node Bs connect to different
backup RNC. Each RNC in the pool could be as the role of backup RNC of other RNCs in
the pool. Therefore capacity of one RNC can be distributed to other RNCs. All RNCs
together protect failure of any one RNC among them.
This feature needs all IP transmission on mobile backhaul. And parameters in backup
RNCs for Node Bs of other RNCs should be prepared ready in advance. For reduction of
complexity of network planning, not all but some groups of Node Bs in priority area could
be picked out to be protected with connection to two RNCs.
Introduced Version
UR11.2, only two RNCs can be in one pool.
Enhancement
No
RNC1
RNCnRNC
2
RNC in Pool
Node BGroup 1 Node B
Group 2Node BGroup 3
Core Network
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2 Transport Network Functionality
2.1 ZWF22-03-A IP UTRAN PACKAGE
2.1.1 ZWF22-03-001 IP Transmission Stack
Benefits
Instead of ATM, IP is used as the transmission protocol inside the UTRAN or between
the UTRAN and the CN, to meet the rapid increasing requirements on traffic because of
the introduction of HSPA and rapid development of data service.
Description
The IP can be deployed as the replacement of ATM transmission protocol in UTRAN
network in the 3GPP R5 standard. To ensure the reliable transmission of No. 7 signaling
in IP network with the QoS guarantee, 3GPP recommends that the transport layer of
radio network control plane adopts Sigtran protocol cluster. The Sigtran protocol cluster
referred in IP UTRAN includes the Stream Control Transport Protocol (SCTP) and MTP3
User Adaptation layer (M3UA). In the transport layer of radio network user plane, for
Iu-PS interface data transport adopts GTP-U protocol over UDP, for Iu-CS interface datatransport adopts RTP/RTCP protocol, while only SR of RTCP is used to cooperate with
peering CN for the purpose of RTP transmission monitoring, for Iub and Iur interface data
transport adopts UDP protocol directly.
ZTE RAN equipment supports the full IP protocol stack on Iub, Iur, IuCS and IuPS
interfaces. IP transmission can be deployed independently on each kind of interface.
For planning of IP address of radio layer, ZTE RNC usually use different IP for control
plane and use plane. While in control plane or user plane, the same IP could be used for
Iu, Iur and Iub interface to save IP address resource if necessary, or different IP could be
used for different interface to adapt transmission strategy, which is the insulation of
convergence layer and access layer or different domain. Either same or different IP could
be used in ZTE Node B for control plane and use plane of Iub interface.
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Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
In U9.3, ZTE RNC support to set different IP for Iu, Iur and Iub interfaces in user plane.
In U9.3, ZTE RNC supports MTU up to 1620, including MAC and PPP.
2.1.2 ZWF22-03-002 Static Route
Benefits
This feature supports configuring IP route information of the UTRAN by OMC.
Description
The static route is the route information configured by the network administrator manually.
When the network topology structure is changed, the network administrator should
modify the related static route information in the route table manually. The static route
information is private by default, and will not be sent to other routers. In the planning of IP
RAN network, the network topology is usually simple and the static route is sufficient to
meet the requirements.
The static route modes which ZTE supports are as follows:
Direct route generated automatically by interface IP address
If the IP address and mask are configured for IP interface board of RNC
equipment, the system will generate automatically a direct route for the
corresponding sub-net of the interface IP.
Static route based on next-hop IP address
The static route of next-hop IP address can be configured manually by OMCR.
Each static route supports several next hops.
Static route based on IP UNNUMBER
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Client are not in the same subnet, DHCP Relay is needed to transfer messages between
Server and Client.
Node B is always used as DHCP Client when DHCP is applied in UNRAN, then DHCP
Server may be other PC or RNC which supports it. If Node B and PC or RNC used as
DHCP Server are not in the same subnet, the router in the transmission network is
needed to support DHCP Server function.
For IP transmission over E1/T1 which is low rate link through PPP/MLPP, ZTE RNC
equipment can be used as DHCP Server to dynamically allocate IP address of Node B.
When Ethernet is used for IP transmission between RNC and Node B, ZTE RNC
supports DHCP Server function to allocate IP address for Node B, or acts as DHCP relay
to aggregate L2 physical link in front of DHCP server.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
In U9.2, RNC supports DHCP Server and DHCP Relay function when Ethernet is used
for IP transmission.
2.1.4 ZWF22-03-005 IP Traffic Shaping
Benefits
When service throughput of one interface or port is overabundant, IP traffic shaping can
be used to shape the different services of this interface or port to protect it from
congestion, which helps to improve network utilization rate, system efficiency and QoS.
Description
When IP UTRAN is adopted in RNC, there is data transmission from Iub to Iu and from Iu
to Iub, also including Iur interface; besides, there may be synchronously transmitted data,
signaling and O&M information, which should be differentiated. When IP packets from
one interface or one port are overabundant and they cannot be transmitted from the
other interface or port, RNC is required to control the service QoS by definite congestion
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control algorithm. This function provides IP traffic shaping based on priority queue
mechanism.
Provide IP traffic shaping to different service of IP ports in transmission, mainly provide
excellent priority-based queue forwarding mechanism, and realize fair Weighted Round
Robin (WRR) scheduling, which enables the traffic with higher weight to have more
chances to be scheduled than lower-weight traffic, thus providing different control to
different services.
Introduced Version
U9.3
Enhancement
None
2.1.5 ZWF22-03-006 IP Routing and Forwarding
Benefits
This feature provides flexible IP networking capability with high security to isolate Iu, Iub
and Iur interfaces or to isolate these interfaces belonging to different operators in RAN
sharing scenario.
Description
ZTE RNC equipment is based on all-IP switching platform, which is related to the feature
of ZWF22-01-001 IP Switching Platform. This all-IP switching platform is able to not only
transfer traffic date from Iu, Iub and Iur interfaces, but also compose all IP interface
boards of one RNC into one routing domain and share a global routing table which is
either static configuration in RNC or dynamically derived from OSPF function. Therefore
RNC can work as a whole L3 IP router. So that RNC can be used to transfer scantlingdata to other network nodes, for example O&M data from Node B to OMC server or Abis
interfaces from BTS to BSC, via Iub transmission.
VRF, Virtual Routing and Forwarding, is also provided by ZTE RNC for flexible IP
networking with security. VRF is a technology that allows multiple instances of a routing
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table to co-exist within the same router at the same time, differentiated by VPN ID.
Because the routing instances are independent, the same IP port can be divided to
different logical ports connecting to different IP networks.
Figure 2-1 Interfaces Isolation of IP port
Node B
Router RNC
VPN2
VPN3
VLAN2
CNVLAN3
UP+CP
UP+CP
VRF is useful when different interfaces share the same physical IP interface ports but
with L3 isolation among different interfaces.
Figure 2-2 Operators Isolation of IP port
CN1
Router RNC
VPN2
VPN3
VLAN2
CN2VLAN3
UP+CP
UP+CP
Operator A Network
Operator B Network
VRF is also useful when different operators share the same physical IP interface ports
but with L3 isolation among different operators.
Introduced Version
UR11.2
Enhancement
No
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2.1.6 ZWF22-03-011 VLAN for Node B
Benefits
This feature supports dividing Node Bs and other equipments in the same physicalnetwork into different logic network (Virtual Local Area Network, VLAN). In this way, the
packet is restricted to save transmission bandwidth, and the system security is
enhanced.
Description
ZTE Node B supports VLAN function which complies with IEEE 802.1Q standards. The
common Ethernet frame can become the Ethernet frame supporting 802.1Q by adding 4
bytes, which is as follows:
Figure 2-3 VLAN Tag
CRCDA SA Type Data
StandardEthernet Frame
Priority(4bits)
TCITCI
DA SA Type Datatag
TPID(0x8100)
CFI(1bit)
VLAN ID(12bits)
TCITCI
Ethernet Frame with IEEE 802.1Q T ag
CRC
l Tag Protocol Identifier (TPID), 802.1Q tag identifier, with a value of 0x8100
l Tag Control Information (TCI), including:
VLAN Identified (VLAN ID): 12 bit ID which indicates the VLAN to which each
packet belongs.
Canonical Format Indicator (CFI):1bit which partitions the frame structure
when the bus Ethernet exchanges data with FDDI or token ring network.
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Priority: 3bits, meets the COS definition in IEEE 802.1P criterion; the higher
the value is, the higher the priority of the frame is. 0 indicates the lowest
priority.
The different VLANs can be divided by VLAN tag in the same physical network; the
interconnection between VLANs is available only by routing or other means, instead of
direct interconnection. In this way, the broadcast packet is restricted in VLAN domain, the
bandwidth is saved, and the domain security is enhanced.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
2.1.7 ZWF22-03-012 VLAN for RNC
Benefits
This feature supports dividing RNCs and other equipments in the same physical network
into different logic network (Virtual Local Area Network, VLAN). In this way, the packets
are restricted to save transmission bandwidth, and the system security is enhanced.
Description
The ZTE RNC supports division of VLANs in compliance with the IEEE 802.1Q and
802.1P.
Each Ethernet interface of RNC can have multiple sub-interfaces, with each
sub-interface corresponding to a VLAN. When receiving a packet with VLAN tag, RNC
can identify the sub-interface to which the packet belongs according to the VLAN ID.
When sending a packet, it identifies the ID of the sub-interface of the peer end NE
through route query, marking the VLAN ID corresponding to the sub-interface, puts
packets in a transmission queue according to the COS in the header of the packet. The
packet with the highest priority will be transmitted first.
Introduced Version
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U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
2.1.8 ZWF22-03-014 IP Header Compression
Benefits
This feature can be used to reduce the consumption of IP headers and improve the
utilization ratio of transmission bandwidth.
Description
In IP transmission, the user plane data between NEs are mainly carried in UDP packets.
Each user plane data packet will include the overheads of network layer, herein referred
to as the overheads of IP and UDP headers with a total of 28 bytes (20 bytes for the IP
header, 8 bytes for the UDP header). These overheads will do harm to the transmission
efficiency of the link with the low rate packet (such as the IP over E1).
ZTE RAN equipment supports an IP header compression method defined in RFC2507,
efficiently reducing the IP and UDP header overheads of each packet and improving the
transmission efficiency.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
2.1.9 ZWF22-03-015 DiffServ
Benefits
This feature provides differentiated handling priority for different service classes, to
ensure the QoS of different service classes.
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Description
ZTE RAN equipment supports the DiffServ (Differentiated Services) technology defined
in IETF RFC2474 and RFC2475. Messages of different service on Iu/Iur/Iub interface
have been marked with different DSCP values in IP header, which can provide the QoS
guaranteed and the priority differentiation. DSCP (Differential Service Code Point) has 6
bits, redefining the TOS field of IPV4, it is renamed DS and carries the information
required by IP packet service. Technically, it is a three layer technology without low-layer
transmission technology involved.
DiffServ categorizes QoS service requirements by two mechanisms: DS mark and
Per-Hop-Behavior (PHB). Some different service levels are generated by processing
different marks of a packet DS field and PHB definition based on DS fields. ZTE RAN
equipment configures each service with corresponding DSCP value on OMCR based on
its type, the metering, packet loss, and shaping functions are implemented by queuing
and scheduling mechanism based on the DSCP service hierarchy, so the definition of the
QoS classes in wireless network layer can be mapped to the transmission network layer.
ZTE RAN equipment marks the DSCP of each service in the bearing IP packet. Network
elements, such as a router with MPLS function, examines the value of the DSCP field
along the transmission path and classifies the service levels. So the IP QoS function
based on DiffServ is accomplished together with the IP bearer network and the UTRAN
architecture.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
2.1.10 ZWF22-03-017 QoS based Route
Benefits
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This feature supports setting different IP transmission paths for different services based
on service type. For different services, different QoS levels are provided, and the
transmission cost is saved.
Description
For all-IP networking, taking the transmission network cost as well as provided QoS level
into account, the operator can set different transmission paths for different services. ZTE
supports three QoS-based IP route transmission scenarios:
Real-time services are carried by IP over E1, while the non-real-time services
are carried by Ethernet.
Different services use different GE/FE ports and pass through different
transport networks.
Services are isolated by setting VLANs with different priorities for different
services.
The data service with the requirement of low real-time and high transport bandwidth is
carried on the transmission network with low QoS and lower cost. The service with high
real-time requirement such as voice is carried on the higher cost transmission network
with guaranteed QoS. In this way, the transmission cost can be minimized.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
2.1.11 ZWF22-03-018 IP Fast Reroute
Benefits
This feature provides the functions including the rapid detection and the protection of IP
route, decreasing the influence on real-time service (such as the voice service) due to IP
transmission failure and handover.
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Description
The IP network does not have intermittent fault recovery function for the sub-second level,
while the traditional route structure has limited fault detection capability on the real-time
applications (such as the voice service). The requirements on fast fault detection and
correction function are getting stricter due to the application of the IP voice and other
real-time services. It is critical to prevent the route network from long-time interruption.
ZTE RAN equipment supports BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection) technology,
which makes it possible to detect errors in forwarding path in a very short period and
trigger the switch to standby route or transmission channel by monitoring the availability
of transmission paths which correspond to each next-hop in the static route in real time.
So the troubleshooting time can be reduced to less than a second.
ZTE RAN equipment also supports IP route fault detection and switching based on ICMP
and 802.3ah, which will be useful if BFD cannot be applied because of some limit of
backhaul.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
Node B supports BFD based IP fast reroute in UR11.1 release.
In UR11.2, new methods of IP route fault detection and switching based on ICMP and
802.3ah are supported.
2.1.12 ZWF22-03-021 Transmission SLA Monitoring
Benefits
This feature enables to diagnosis and test IP transmission network to get to know the
QoS indexes ,such as time delay, jittering, and response time.
Description
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ZTE RNC supports the SLA detection function. By exchanging the ECHO and REPLY
packets of the SLA between base stations, ZTE RNC can detect the performance
indexes (time delay, jittering, packet loss rate, bandwidth, and throughput) of the IP
transmission channel in Iub, Iur and Iu interfaces. The SLA detection adopts a tunnelingtechnology. ZTE RNC can encapsulate the detection packets into the ICMP or UDP
packets (depending on the attributes of the device in the commercial network).
It supports SLA test between ZTE RNC and ZTE Node B, and it adopts UDP
packets and ICMP packets.
It supports SLA test between ZTE RNC and other manufacturers " CN, RNC
and Node B, and it adopts ICMP packets.
ZTE RNC supports SLA test between intermediate routers, and adopts ICMP
packets.
The SLA detection of ZTE RNC supports instant test and performance test. Through the
instant test, ZTE RNC can conduct a single SLA test for a specified object (the IP
address of a Node B); through the performance test, ZTE RNC can configure a test task
and conduct consecutive SLA tests for a specified object.
In the instant test, ZTE RNC can configure the SLA message forwarding rate and packet
length through the test task and test the transmission bandwidth of the IP channel.However, the test is destructive and may cause loss of normal service data. Therefore,
the measurement parameters must be configured carefully.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
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2.2 Optional Transmission Interfaces
2.2.1 ZWF22-03-051 IP over E1
Benefits
This feature supports IP over E1, conveniently fulfilling all-IP networking of UTRAN with
existing low rate E1 link.
Description
The E1 physical interface complies with ITU-T G.703 standard. The allowed jitter of the
physical interface complies with ITU-T G.823 standard. The structure of the frame which
is transferred over the E1 interface complies with the ITU-T G.704 standard. The E1 has
32 timeslots numbered 0 to 31. Where, timeslot 0 is used to carry the synchronization
information of the clock, and timeslot 16 for carrying the control signals (also transferring
information signals if necessary). If out-of-band common channel signaling (CCS) is
adopted, the timeslot 16 don "t need to transfer signaling, it can also carry data. Other
timeslots can carry data. ZTE uses the 31 timeslots to transfer data. An E1 supports the
physical bandwidth of 1984 kbps.
Figure 2-4 PPP/MLPPP Protocol Stack
IP
E1HDLC
PPPHDLC
PPPMLPPP/MCPPP
HDLCPPP
ZTE RAN equipment supports IP over E1 by PPP and ML/MC-PPP protocol, the protocol
stacks are described in Figure 3-11. PPP protocol processing complies with RFC1661
and RFC1332 criterion, MLPPP processing complies with the RFC1990 criterion, and the
MCPPP processing complies with the RFC 2686 criterion.
MLPPP can integrate multiple PPP low rate links into one high rate link. MCPPP
supports up to 4 classes of priority (0~3, class 0 is the highest priority and class 3 is the
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lowest one). MCPPP can guarantee the preferential processing for high priority service in
narrowband link.
When there are many low rate links, no matter PPP or MLPPP, the protocol can be set at
the OMC. In MLPPP mode, which links to group an MLPPP can be set at the OMC as
well. If some links fail when many low rate links grouped with MLPPP, the transmission
bandwidth of whole MLPPP group is influenced, but other links still guarantee that the
MLPPP group can serve the upper layer.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
2.2.2 ZWF22-03-055 IP over Optical GE
Benefits
This feature supports IP over optical GE, providing higher transmission bandwidth and
farther transmission distance by optical fiber.
Description
Optical GE transmission supported by ZTE RAN equipment complies with IEEE 802.3z
standards. The transmission media include long-wave single-mode or multi-mode fiber
(meets 1000Base-LX criterion), short-wave multi-mode fiber (meets 1000Base-SX
criterion), the data rate can reach 1000Mbps.
ZTE RAN equipment supports GE mode, IEEE 802.3 standard Ethernet frame structure
and VLAN frame structure which meets IEEE802.1Q and 802.1P criterions.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
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No
2.2.3 ZWF22-03-056 IP over Optical FE
Benefits
This feature supports IP over optical FE in Node B, providing higher transmission
bandwidth and farther transmission distance by optical fiber.
Description
Optical FE transmission supported by ZTE Node B complies with IEEE 802.3 standards.
The transmission media includes single-mode or multi-mode fiber (meets 100Base-FX
criterion), the data rate can reach 100Mbps.
ZTE Node B equipment supports FE fiber mode, IEEE 802.3 standard Ethernet frame
structure and VLAN frame structure which meets IEEE802.1Q and 802.1P criterions.
Introduce Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
2.2.4 ZWF22-03-010 IEEE 1588
Benefits
This feature supports synchronizing Node B from IP transmission network via IEEE 1588
V2 protocol. It solves the problem that the Node B cannot synchronize to BITS clock
source or transmission line as well as avoiding the high investment on GPS.
Description
As an asynchronous network, the clock synchronization between RNC and Node B isn "t
needed in UMTS. But the frequency deviation may be out of scope after long time
running because the high-precision clock can "t be provided in the Node B, and the UE
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handover between different Node Bs may be influenced. So the Node B should be
synchronized to the high-precision clock to guarantee network KPI. The accuracy of
frequency synchronized is 0.05ppm.
ZTE supports IEEE1588 network time synchronization protocol (also called Precision
Time Protocol), which synchronizes clock to a distributed system consisting of one or
more nodes by network communication. This protocol adopts the master-slave
synchronization mode. The slave port can obtain synchronization information from the
master port to implement high-precision clock synchronization.
IEEE 1588 clocks can be used for clock synchronization when FE or GE transmission is
used on the Iub interface. The IEEE 1588 clock synchronization function is completed by
RNC and Node B together. The RNC serves as Master that provides exact clock source.
The Node B serves as Slave that extracts the clock information and performs the clock
synchronization. The clock precision may be influenced by the delay and the jitter of the
network if the IP network between RNC and Node B is complex and the number of
middle nodes is numerous. The clock source can also be set at a certain transmission
node from which Node B can obtain the clock synchronization by IEEE 1588.
To fulfill clock precision defined by 3GPP specification, there are some requirements on
the transmission link between the IEEE 1588 clock source and the Node B:
One trip transport delay
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Figure 2-5 Application of IEEE 1588 Clock Synchronization
Introduced Version
U11.2
Enhancement
2.3 Other TN Related Functionality
2.3.1 ZWF22-01-010 IP/ATM Hybrid Transmission
Benefits
This feature supports ATM and IP protocol which are simultaneously used as the
transmission on Iub interface. For operator, the benefits brought by hybrid transmission
are as follows:
Adequately utilize the existing TDM transmission network, carry real-time
traffic (such as voice) on ATM to guarantee the QoS, and save the cost of
upgrade to the high quality IP network carrying all services.
Carry PS traffic with high data rate and lower QoS requirement by low cost IP
network.
Node B Master
RNC
RNC Master
Slave
Node B
Switch
Switch
Slave
GPS Network
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Description
ZTE supports ATM and IP on Iub interface simultaneously, and allocates different bearer
for different service types. Generally, for those data services with relaxed real time but
higher bandwidth requirement, IP transmission can be used. For signaling in control
plane, voice service, and other real time data services, ATM transmission can be used.
The RNC automatically allocates transmission bearer for service based on its type while
service is built, and fulfills hybrid transmission.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
3 HSDPA
3.1 ZWF23-01-A HSDPA Introduction Package
3.1.1 ZWF23-01-003 HSDPA UE Category Support
Benefits
This feature supports different HSDPA UE categories. Different UE categories are
defined to support different data rate capability.
Description
ZTE RAN equipment supports all HSDPA UE categories defined in 3GPP TS 25.306
which describes the terminal capability for HSDPA. HS-DSCH physical layer categories.
See " # $ % & ' ( ) .
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Table 3-1 HSDPA UE Category Supported by ZTE current version
Category
Max. No.
of
HS-DSCHCodes
Min.
Inter-TTI
Interval
Supported
Modulations
Supported
carrier
Number
MIMO
Operation
MAC
Layer
Peak BitRate
1 5 3 QPSK/16QAM 1 N/a 1.2Mbps
2 5 3 QPSK/16QAM 1 N/a 1.2Mbps
3 5 2 QPSK/16QAM 1 N/a 1.8Mbps
4 5 2 QPSK/16QAM 1 N/a 1.8Mbps
5 5 1 QPSK/16QAM 1 N/a 3.6Mbps
6 5 1 QPSK/16QAM 1 N/a 3.6Mbps
7 10 1 QPSK/16QAM 1 N/a 7.2Mbps
8 10 1 QPSK/16QAM 1 N/a 7.2Mbps
9 15 1 QPSK/16QAM 1 N/a 10Mbps
10 15 1 QPSK/16QAM 1 N/a 13.9Mbps
11 5 2 QPSK 1 N/a 0.9Mbps
12 5 1 QPSK 1 N/a 1.8Mbps
13 15 1 QPSK/16QAM/64QAM 1 N/a 17.6Mbps
14 15 1 QPSK/16QAM/64QAM 1 N/a 21Mbps
15 15 1 QPSK/16QAM 1 Activated 23.3Mbps
16 15 1 QPSK/16QAM 1 Activated 27.9Mbps
17 15 1 QPSK/16QAM/64QAM 1 Inactivated 17.6Mbps
QPSK/16QAM 1 Activated 23.3Mbps
18 15 1 QPSK/16QAM/64QAM 1 Inactivated 21Mbps
QPSK/16QAM 1 Activated 27.9Mbps
19 15 1 QPSK/16QAM/64QAM 1 Activated 35.3Mbps
20 15 1 QPSK/16QAM/64QAM 1 Activated 42.2Mbps
21 15 1 QPSK/16QAM 2 N/a 23.4Mbps
22 15 1 QPSK/16QAM 2 N/a 28.0Mbps
23 15 1 QPSK/16QAM/64QAM 2 N/a 35.3Mbps
24 15 1 QPSK/16QAM/64QAM 2 N/a 42.2Mbps
25 15 1 QPSK/16QAM 2 Activated 46.7Mbps
26 15 1 QPSK/16QAM 2 Activated 56.0Mbps
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Category
Max. No.
of
HS-DSCH
Codes
Min.
Inter-TTI
Interval
Supported
Modulations
Supported
carrier
Number
MIMO
Operation
MAC
Layer
Peak Bit
Rate
27 15 1 QPSK/16QAM/64QAM 2 Activated 70.6Mbps
28 15 1 QPSK/16QAM/64QAM 2 Activated 84.4Mbps
ZTE RAN equipment supports automatically recognize and activate corresponding
HSPA+ functions based on UE category.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before supports UE with all HS-DSCH physical layer categories below 14. UEs of
Category 13 and Category 14 support 64QAM but not MIMO.
Enhancement
In U9.2, UE with HS-DSCH physical layer categories 15, 16, 17 and 18 are supported.
UEs of Category 15 and Category 16 support MIMO but not 64QAM. UEs of Category 17
and Category 18 support 64QAM and MIMO, but the two technologies cannot be used
simultaneously.
In U9.3, UE with HS-DSCH physical layer categories 21, 22, 23 and 24 are supported.
UEs of Category 21 and Category 22 support DC-HSDPA, but do not support 64QAM.
UEs of Category 23 and Category 24 support the combination of DC-HSDPA and
64QAM.
In UR11.1, UE with HS-DSCH physical layer categories 19, 20, 27 and 28 are supported.
UEs of Category 19 and Category 20 support combination of MIMO and 64QAM. UEs of
Category 23 and Category 24 support the combination of DC-HSDPA, MIMO and
64QAM, while the peak bit rate can be reached only if the network could activate the
combination of those three functions.
In UR11.2, UE with HS-DSCH physical layer categories 25, 26 are supported. For
Category 27 and 28, the combination of DC-HSDPA, 64QAM and MIMO is available.
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3.1.2 ZWF23-01-004 Flexible HSDPA Deployment
Benefits
This feature supports flexible deployment of dedicated HSDPA carrier or R99 and
HSDPA in the same carrier.
Deployment of R99 and HSDPA in the same carrier will use the spare resources of R99
for high data speed services. The HSDPA can make full use of the remaining resources
in cells to improve resource utilization and reduce the OPEX.
Deployment of dedicated HSDPA carrier supports higher downlink peak rate and cell
throughout of PS service on HSDPA dedicated carrier.
Description
The HSDPA deployment supports two ways:
One carrier supports R99 and HSDPA simultaneously.
Dedicated carrier constructs a HSDPA network.
If an operator has limited frequency resources but has to provide the R99 services,
sharing the carrier frequency of R99 and HSDPA allows the operator to provide R99
services and HSDPA services at the same time and profitably develop high-speed data
services through the residual resources of R99. Common resources (including
channelized codes, Node B transmit power, and Iub interface transmission bandwidth) of
the cell can be allocated between R99 services and HSDPA services.
However, the peak rate and throughput provided by the cell are reduced and the
experience of data service users is affected when the R99 services occupy
resources.ZTE RAN equipments support both R99 and HSDPA services simultaneously
in one cell. ZTE RRM algorithm will guarantee appropriate cell common resources
allocation between these two services.
If the operator has more frequency resources than required by the R99 services, a
dedicated carrier frequency can be deployed to provide the HSDPA services. Comparing
with the DCH, HS-DSCH has higher spectrum utilization to get higher peak rate and cell
throughput, improving the subscriber experience of the mobile data service and reducing
the unit cost of the high-speed data service. Normally, the third or above carrier can be
used as HSDPA dedicated carrier to provide data services in hotspot coverage.
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The cell can be configured as HSDPA dedicated carrier or HSDPA and R99 hybrid
carrier. The R99 services can not be initiated on HSDPA dedicated carrier. Besides
HSDPA dedicated carrier frequency, R99 capable carrier should also be deployed so as
to support the traditional CS service and low-speed PS service (on DCH). ZTE "s RANequipments provide different kinds of carriers for users according to services types.
Introduced Version
In UR11.1, this function takes place of features of ZWF23-01-001 HSDPA Common
Carrier with R99 and ZWF23-01-002 HSDPA Dedicated Carrier previously in U9.3
release.
Enhancement
No
3.1.3 ZWF23-01-011 HSDPA Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Benefits
This feature provides a link adaptation technology which can realize real time balance of
the link according to the change of the fading channel to increase system capacity and
improve communication quality.
Description
AMC works on the following principle: Node B in network side selects the optimal
downlink modulation mode, coding method and the number of HS-DSCH Channel
according to the radio channel quality status (CQI report) reported by UE and the
utilization of network resources so as to determine the rate of data transmission, raise
the data throughput of the UE, and reduce transmission delay in condition of radio quality
permission. AMC will increase system capacity and improve communication quality
according to the fading channel modification to implement link real-time balance.
ZTE can support two types of link adaptation technologies (AMC), including inner-loop
link adaptation and outer-loop link adaptation.
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Inner-loop link adaptation should be based on the CQI (Channel Quality Indication). The
core principle is that Node B selects the modulation and coding mode and size of the
transmission block according to the CQI. When the UE is at a favorable communication
point (for example, the UE is close to Node B or a direct ray path is available), ahigh-order modulation and high-rate channel coding mode (for example, 16QAM and 3/4
coding rate) can be selected to transmit subscriber data accordingly to obtain the higher
transmission rate. When the UE is at a far point of the cell, or in a high-fading or shadow
area, a low-order modulation and low-rate channel coding mode (for example, QPSK and
1/4 coding rate) can be selected to ensure communication quality.
Outer-loop link adaptation is based on the ACK/NACK/DTX feedback by HS-DPCCH.
The CQI has the disadvantages of delay and measurement error. Therefore, the
inner-loop link adaptation only will be insufficient to control the downlink BLER in order tomeet target value under any circumstance. In this case, outer-loop link adaptation is
required.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
3.1.4 ZWF23-01-012 HSDPA Multiplex
Benefits
This feature supports HS-PDSCH code division multiplexing and time division to share
HSPA channel and improve the channel utilization to the largest extent.
Description
The HS-PDSCH is shared by all HSDPA users in the cell. Node B will divide the
resources to different UEs. ZTE RAN equipments can support the following multiplexing
methods:
Code Division Multiplexing
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ZTE UMTS Node B allows up to four UEs to be scheduled within a 2ms TTI in
a cell. However, the number of channelized codes allocated to a UE is limited
by UE HSDPA category.
Time Division Multiplexing
The same HS-DSCH channel can be allocated to the different HSDPA users
according to 2ms TTI.
During code division multiplexing, all available HS-DSCH channel codes can be divided
into several subsets, which are allocated to different users. This mode can support not
only the transmission of a small amount of data (in this case, the transmitted data needs
only some channelized codes of the HS-DSCH in the cell), but also the resource
allocation for the UEs with different HSDPA categories.
Time division can realize the fast scheduling on HS-DSCH channel in a 2ms period and
allocate the cell throughput according to different user "s requirements of services.
Introduced Version
U9.1&Before
Enhancement
No
3.1.5 ZWF23-01-013 HSDPA Fast Scheduling
Benefits
This feature can provide many kinds of scheduling algorithm. It will use a 2ms period to
schedule terminal channel and service. It will implement the fast scheduling on radio
resources among different users to improve the throughput of the whole cell.
Description
HSDPA introduces a new functional entity MAC-hs which is moved from RNC to NodeB
to finish the data scheduling. Based on the channel quality information, terminal
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capability, QoS category and the current available NodeB power/code resources, NodeB
will implement the fast scheduling with a 2ms period for the terminal data services.
ZTE RAN equipments support Proportional Fair (PF) scheduling algorithms. NodeB
schedule should consider the channel quality and history flow of user. The cell
throughput and the user fairness should be considered simultaneously.
The PF algorithm can help realize larger throughput rates and better service fairness.
ZTE RAN equipments can support the following Enhanced Functions based on PF
scheduling algorithm.
l Support configurable Fair Factor
By configuration of different fair factors, the PF algorithm will approach to fairservice time algorithm (more and more fair) or Max C/I (less and less fair, but will
gain the highest c