ZOOLOGY PAPER 1 TOPIC WISE UPSC QUESTIONS - …...UPSC ZOOLOGY PAPER 1 TOPICWISE PREVIOUS YEAR...

UPSC ZOOLOGY PAPER 1 TOPICWISE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

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ZOOLOGY PAPER 1 TOPIC WISE UPSC QUESTIONS SYLLABUS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Non-chordata and Chordata: (a) Classification and relationship of various phyla up to subclasses: Acoelomate and Coelomate, Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateria and Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora and Hemichordata; Symmetry. (b) Protozoa: Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction, sex; General features and life history of Paramaecium, Monocystis, Plasmodium and Leishmania. (c) Porifera: Skeleton, canal system and reproduction. (d) Cnidaria: Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism; coral reefs and their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obelia and Aurelia. (e) Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and their pathogenic symptoms. (f) Nemathelminthes: General features, life history, parasitic adaptation of Ascaris and Wuchereria. (g) Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes;

2018: a. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: • Protostomes and Deuterostomes • Paedomorphosis • Status of Sphenodon • Peripatus b. Describe the Integumentry derivatives in Mammals

along with labeled diagrams. c. What is retrogressive metamorphosis? Give an

illustrated account of this phenomenon in Herdmania. Also write a note on its affinities.

d. Describe the different larval forms of Echinoderms and Comment on their evolutionary significance

e. Explain HPA axis. Draw a transverse section of the Adrenal gland and describe the functions of its different hormones.

f. Give an illustrated account of the life cycle of plasmodium vivax.

g. Give an illustrated account of different types of mouth parts in insects and write a note on their functional significance.

h. Give an account of Migration in birds. Add a note on the problems faced by them during migration.

i. With the help of labeled diagrams only, explain the structure and different stages of the life cycle of Obelia (No description is required). With reference to Obelia, also explain the polymorphism and the status of metagenesis.

j. What is eusocialism? Describe this phenomenon with reference to Honey bees.

2017:

a. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each • Differentiate between major and minor phyla. Describe

the salient features of any one minor phylum. • Some fishes can breathe air. Elaborate. b. Explain the types of metamorphosis in insects and their

hormonal regulation. c. Give general features and examples of egg-laying

mammals and pouched mammals. d. Discuss the origin of Tetrapods. e. Give an account of larval forms in Crustacea with

examples and diagrams. Also write a note on the significance of larvae.

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general features and life history of Nereis, earthworm and leach. (h) Arthropoda: Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in arthropods (Prawn, cockroach and scorpion); modification of mouth parts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee and butterfly); metamorphosis in insect and its hormonal regulation, social behaviour of Apis and termites. (i) Mollusca: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, general features and life history of Lamellidens,Pila and Sepia, torsion and detorsion in gastropods. (j) Echinodermata: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, larval forms, general features and life history of Asterias. (k) Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general features and life history of Branchiostoma and Herdmania. (l) Pisces: Respiration, locomotion and migration. (m) Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, parental care, paedomorphosis. (n) Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and crocodiles. (o) Aves: Origin of birds, flight adaptation, migration.

f. Give the structure of cnidoblast, the defensive organ in Cnidaria. Also, describe its mechanism of action.

g. What is Bilateria? Explain the theories of origin of Bilateria.

h. Give an elaborate account of various flight adaptations in birds.

i. Explain various types of dentition in mammals. j. Describe the roles of three eye layers in vision in

humans. k. Give an account of evolution of aortic arches in reptiles,

birds and mammals. l. Discuss respiration in Mollusca indicating suitable

examples. m. Explain primitive, degenerate and advanced characters

of Branchiostoma. Comment on its systematic position. n. Explain adaptations of animals inhabiting fast flowing

waters. 2016:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each • Explain the phenomenon of Torison and detorison in

gastropods and also write their significance. • Define migration and its causes. Discuss the migratiom

of Anadromous and Catadromous fishes. b. Give an account of calcium homeostasis in mammals. c. Explain various types of canal systems in porifera. Also

give their importance. d. Give general characters of phylum platyhelminthes.

Classify it giving the main features and examples of each class.

e. Give an account of social behaviour in Termites. f. Draw labeled diagrams of basic echinoderm larval

forms and describe their evolutionary importance. g. Describe with the help of suitable diagram, the major

structures in the mammalian ear involved in hearing and balance.

h. Describe various hormones secreted by pitutary gland and their role in humans. Also explain feedback mechanisms of hormonal regulation.

i. Give an account of Asexual and sexual life phases of plasmodium vivax in their hosts.

j. Explain parental care in amphibians and its significance. k. Define coelome. Write the general features and

examples of an acoxelomate, a pseudocoelomate and a coelomate animal.

2015:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each




(p) Mammalia: Origin of mammals, dentition, general features of egg laying mammals, pouched-mammals, aquatic mammals and primates, endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships. (q) Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates (integument and its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system including heart and aortic arches, urino-genital system, brain and sense organs (eye and ear).

• What are minor phyla? Enlist minor phyla with suitable examples.

• What is Jatinga bird mystery? Is it related with bird migration? Explain.

• Herdmania is a primitive and degenerate descendent of ancestral chordates’.

• Apis is known for social behavior. Discuss. Explain. • Polychaetes exhibit different modes of life adapted to

habitats. Elaborate the statement. b. Give an account of locomotion in Protozoa indicating

locomotor organelle with suitable examples. c. Enumerate functions and main components of

endoskeleton of vertebrates. Give an account of types of jaw suspensoria in vertebrates with suitable diagrams.

d. What are corals and coral reefs? Describe different types of coral reefs and their formation indicating different theories.

e. Discuss parasitism in ‘Copepoda’. Comment on structural peculiarities of parasitic copepods.

f. Give an illustrated account of the reproductive system, life history and development of Asterias.

g. Give an account of locomotion in Pisces indicating the role of muscles and fins. How do some fish fly? Comment.

h. ‘Sphenodon is the most primitive and crocodilians are most advanced of all living Reptiles’. Discuss the statement.

i. Give an account of fresh water, egg laying and pouched mammals with suitable examples.

j. Give an account of gills and accessory respiratory organs in vertebrates with suitable examples.

k. Discuss social hierarchies in Primates. 2014:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each • Describe the organs and mode of locomotion in

paramaecium. • Give an account of the structure of cnidoblast and

various types of nematocysts of Hydra. • Draw a transverse sectional diagram of female Ascaris

and label it. • Describe the different types of skulls in Reptilia with

the help of labeled diagrams. • Differentiate the structural variation of mouth parts in

Insecta diagramatically and label them. b. “Balanoglossus is the forerunner of chordates"- Justify

the statement.




c. What is parasitism? Give an account of the life cycle of Wucheraria bancrofti and add a note on the pathogenicity and control of the disease caused by this parasite.

d. Make a labeled diagrammatic representation of the basic forms and diversities in Echinoderm larvae and describe their evolutionary significance.

e. Describe "Torsion and Detorsion" in Gastropoda. Add a note on the significance of this phenomenon.

f. With the help of labeled diagrams describe the embryonic disposition and modification of aortic arches in different vertebrates.

g. Differentiate the basic characters of cartilaginous and Bony fishes with relevant diagrams.

h. What do you mean by Retroregressive metamorphosis? Give an illustrated account of the Gonads, developmental sequences and metamorphosis in Herdmania.

i. Describe the Integumentary derivatives in Mammals along with labeled diagrams.

j. Give an elaborate account on the Migration of Birds. Add a note on the problems faced by them during migration.

2013:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each: • Comment on the evolutionary change in the proportion

of limbic system versus cerebral hemisphere in vertebrates

• Describe locomotion in Hirudinaria. • Draw a labeled diagram of alimentary canal and

salivary apparatus in Periplaneta americana. • Describe hyoid apparatus in Frog or Necturus. b. Describe the functional anatomy of neuro-endocrine

inter-relationship in mammalian hypophysis. Name hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones in the tabular form showing their functional relationship. With the help of the diagram only, explain feedback mechanism in the HPG axis

c. Write an account of parental care in Amphibia. d. Through a comparative chart, give an account of

accessory sex glands in the male vertebrate animal types such as dogfish, frog, lizard, pigeon and rabbit.

e. Give an elaborate account of canal system in Porifera and discuss the taxonomic importance of spicules.

f. Give an account of coral reefs, their constituent compartments and significance.




g. Describe the life cycle of Taenia solium through a labeled diagram only and discuss its parasitic adaptations.

2012:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each • Draw labeled sketches of Alima and Phyllosoma larvae.

Identify the neuroendocrine factors that cause metamorphic changes in them.

• Compare the structure and function of uricotelic and ureotelic kidney with suitable examples and diagrams.

• What are the evidences against the traditional concept that pituitary gland is the 'master of endocrine orchestra'? Highlight the current concept on this endocrine gland.

• "Birds are glorified reptiles." Justify the statement. b. Give an illustrated account of interaction of

neuroendocrine secretions in promoting metamorphosis in an orthopteran and a lepidopteran insect. Mention the type of metamorphosis that these insects undergo.

c. What is torsion? How does it occur in certain gastropods? Give an illustrated account of torsion and detorsion in this molluscan class.

d. Enumerate the anatomical and physiological changes that occur in a venous heart during vertebrate evolution leading to emergence of heart with separate chambers for arterial and venous blood and a pacesetter mechanism

e. Draw a labeled diagram of hypothalamohypophyseal ovarian axis, and comment on the following:

(i) Effect of photoperiod (ii) Role of hormones in ovarian cycle (iii) Feedback regulation of hormonal cycle

f. Compare the tornaria larva of Balanoglossus with bipinnaria larva of echinoderm. Give reasons for including Hemichordata as a distinct phylum of invertebrates.

g. Fasciola, Taenia and Ascaris are adapted to parasitic mode of life. Define the convergent and divergent strategies employed by these parasites for successful existence and propagation.

h. Differentiate among anapsid, diapsid and synapsid reptiles. Give examples.

i. Differentiate between structure and functions of parathyroid hormone and thyroid gland hormones.

j. Answer the following in about 150 words each : Compare the social organization of termites and honeybees.




k. Identify and write the characteristics of ectoparasites of cattles. Describe the symptoms of their infection and ways to treat them.

l. Tabulate the differences among prototherians, metatherians and eutherians with suitable examples.

m. Describe the role of liver and endocrine pancreas in blood-glucose regulation.

2011:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each: • What was the need to create Parazoa against porifera

when the latter existed? • Compare the skull of Phynchocephalia with that of

crocodilia. • Draw a well labeled schematic diagram of the feeding

current through the gut of Branchiostoma and comment on the mechanism of feeding and digestion.

b. Describe the great departures shown by parasitic forms from the diagnostic features of free living forms among copepoda.

c. Describe the structure and function of water-vascular system in echinoderms.

d. Give the salient features of Apterygota and Pterygota e. With the help of a well labeled diagram (Ventral

aspect); describe the heart of rabbit showing major blood vessels. Add a note on the mechanism of circulation through the heart.

f. Differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.

g. Define Migration. Add a detailed account of migration in fishes with relevant examples.

h. Discuss the effect of hormones on sexual, aggressive and maternal behavior.

2010:

a. Write concise accounts of the following in about 200 words each :

• Draw well labeled diagrams only of male urinogenital system of Labeo and frog.

• Enlist and draw the diagrams of various larval forms of Echinoderms and describe their evolutionary significance.

• Draw a well labeled diagram of the internal ear of rabbit. Comment upon the functions of each part.

b. Enumerate various stages of sexual reproduction in Sycon. Provide diagrammatic representation in support of your answer.




c. What are the various hosts in which Wuchereria bancrofli completes its life cycle? Describe various stages of its life cycle along with the diagram.

d. Explain the structure and functions of respiratory organ of Lamellidens branchiata.

e. What is retrogressive metamorphosis? Provide an illustrated account of reproduction in Herdmania.

f. Draw a well labeled diagram of respiratory system of Scoliodon and explain the mechanism of respiration.

g. Give an account on dentition in mammals. h. Enlist any five hard derivatives of vertebrate

integumentary system. Give an account on various types of horns and antlers in mammals giving examples and diagrams.

i. Give a brief account of social organisations and determination of 'castes' in termites.

Ecology: (a) Biosphere: Concept of biosphere; biomes, Biogeochemical cycles, Human induced changes in atmosphere including green house effect, ecological succession, biomes and ecotones,community ecology. (b) Concept of ecosystem; structure and function of ecosystem, types of ecosystem, ecological succession, ecological adaptation. (c) Population; characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization. (d) Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural resources. (e) Wildlife of India. (f) Remote sensing for sustainable development. (g) Environmental biodegradation, pollution and its impact on biosphere and its prevention.

2018: a. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: • Ozone layer depletion • population dynamics • Endemism with reference to India b. What is ecological succession? Give an account of the

causes, types and general process of ecological succession in nature.

c. Give an account of sources, impacts and prevention of air pollution. Comment on Montreal and Kyoto protocol also.

2017:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each • What are Ecotones? Are wetlands ecotones? Justify. • Discuss Thermal pollution and its preventive measures. b. Elaborate the term 'Ecosystem' and explain its

structural components with examples. Comment on Trophic Dynamics concept.

c. Discuss environmental degradation with regards to inland water resources. Suggest measures to restore the water quality of our rivers, lakes and reservoirs.

d. What is meant by biodiversity? Explain Protected Area Networking wrt their establishment, monitoring and management.

2016:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each List different human-induced changes in the atmosphere. Describe green house effect and its impact.

b. Define ecological succession. Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. Explain various




steps involved in the mechanism of ecological succession.

c. Enlist the various biomes of the biosphere and discuss the problems and adaptations of the animals of marine and desert biomes.

2015:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each What is ‘Ganga action plan? Explain.

b. What are biogeochemical cycles? Discuss nitrogen cycle indicating the role of atmospheric N-fixation, the role of bacteria and the impact of human activity

c. Give an account of causes and consequences of pollution of aquatic resources and the problem of cultural eutrophication. Suggest measures for abatement of water degradation.

d. Define biodiversity hot-spot and mention the criteria of its selection. Write about biodiversity hot-spots of the Indian sub-region giving their salient features.

2014:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each Distinguish between edge, border and ecotone. Why do edges and ecotones often support a greater diversity of species than the adjoining communities?

b. Define sustainable development. What are the merits of remote sensing in sustainable development? Give examples.

c. Distinguish between a dominant and keystone species. Add a note on the crucial role played by the keystone species on the community structure and structure of a food web.

d. What is ozone layer? Describe the mechanism of degradation of ozone layer and its impact.

2013:

a. Describe the carbon cycle and discuss its peculiarities. How do human activities interfere with the carbon cycle?

b. Define ecosystem. Discuss the dynamics of the ecosystem and the factors influencing it.

c. State briefly what are biomes, ecotones and ecological succession? Give an account of the causes, trends and general process of ecological succession in nature.

2012:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each :




• Draw diagrams to differentiate between ecological pyramids based on predatorprey relationship and energy flow in an ecological niche.

• What are the merits of remote sensing in sustainable development? Give examples.

• With suitable examples and diagrams, explain the concept of ecological succession.

2011:

a. Answer in brief, the following in about 150 words each: • Draw a flow diagram of nitrogen cycle, and give

accounts of nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification.

• Give the mechanism of ozone degradation by chlorofluorocarbons.

b. "A population is a self-regulating system". (Wynne Edwards). Explain.

c. Distinguish between in-situ and ex-situ conservation of animals. Provide suitable examples.

d. Discuss briefly the degradation of terrestrial ecosystem by human activities.

2010:

a. Write concise accounts of the following in about 200 words each :

• What are coral reefs? Enlist their geographical distribution, types and threats being faced by them.

• Mention the various steps of sulphur biogeochemical cycle and draw a well labeled diagram. Discuss its significance.

b. Define sustainable development. Discuss the principles of sustainable development in the conservation of natural resources.

c. Enlist five mammalian wildlife endangered species of India. Discuss the present scenario of conservation methods employed for Gir lion.

Ethology: (a) Behaviour: Sensory filtering, reponsiveness, sign stimuli, learning and memory, instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting. (b) Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis, predator detection, predator

2018: a. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each:

General characters of cetaceans and primates b. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each:

Habituation and conditioning c. What is biological rythm? Give an account of its types

and characteristics. What is the role of different factors in their entrainment?

2017:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each Explain the role of chemical signals in alarm spreading.




tactics, social hierarchies in primates, social organization in insects. (c) Orientation, navigation, homing, biological rhythms, biological clock, tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythms. (d) Methods of studying animal behaviour including sexual conflict, selfishness, kinship and altruism.

b. Mention the advantages of social living. Describe different types of social hierarchies in primates.

2016:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each • Give an account of conjugation in paramecium and its

significance. • Describe kinship and altruistic behavior in animals. b. Give an account of biological rythms and discuss the

mechanism of their regulation. c. With the help of suitable examples explain conditioning

and imprinting in animals. 2014:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each • Explain the role of pheromones in alarm spreading. • What do you understand about conditioning? Explain

with relevant examples. b. Describe the predator-Prey relationship with suitable

examples. c. Give an account of Orientation, Navigation and Homing

behavior in animals with suitable examples. 2013:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each: What is circadian and circannual rhythm? Discuss briefly the influence of exogenous cycles on these rhythms.

b. Answer the following in about 150 words each : • Define 'insight'. Explain this behavior using the example

of Chimpanzees. • Describe the method of studying animal behavior using

T-maze. 2012:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each Differentiate between pheromones and hormones. How do they help in communication and behavior?

b. Differentiate between conditioning and habituation with suitable examples from primates and rodents.

c. What is biological clock and how does it function? Discuss the role of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in its entrainment.

d. How do animals navigate in the dark? Use owl and chiropterans as examples, and highlight the features of their navigational sensory equipment.

2011:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each:




• Provide diagrammatic representation of the stages of conjugation in paramoecium and comment on its autogamy.

• What is crypsis? Discuss the significance of crypsis in different animals.

b. Define memory, and discuss how short and long term memory stored.

2010:

a. Write in brief, accounts of the following in about 200 words each

What is meant by 'sign-stimulus'? Mention various types of sign-stimuli and discuss with examples.

b. What is imprinting? Discuss salient features and significance of this phenomenon in animals.

c. Comment upon "sexual conflicts" in animals. Economic Zoology: (a) Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture, vermiculture. (b) Major infectious and communicable diseases (malaria, filaria, tuberculosis, cholera and AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and prevention. (c) Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogen (helminthes) and vectors (ticks, mites, Tabanus, Stomoxys). (d) Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella) oil seed (Achaea janata) and rice (Sitophilus oryzae). (e) Transgenic animals. (f) Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease and genetic counselling, gene therapy. (g) Forensic biotechnology

2018: a. Give an account of the structure and life cycle of

wucheraria bancrofti. Add a note on the pathogenecity and control of the disease caused by this parasite

b. What is systemic position of rice pest? Give an account of its life cycle and the damage caused by this pest. Write a note on the measrure for its prevention and control.

c. What is "lac-culture"? Explain the methodology employed in lac-culture. Also describe the uses of lac.

d. Describe the structure of the pathogen responsible for AIDS. How it is transmitted? Also mention the pathogenesis and prevention of AIDS.

2017:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each How is 'Composite Carp Culture' advantageous over 'Traditional Carp Culture'?

b. Discuss the concept and importance of genetic counselling and gene therapy.

2016:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each • Give an account of mutable connective tissue. • Define a pest. Describe the life cycle of pyrilla

perpusiella. Add notes on the damage caused by it and its control measures.

b. What is meant by Vermiculture? Enlist various species suitable for vermiculture. Also explain techniques and importance of vermicomposting.

c. What is medical biotechnology? Discuss its role in human welfare.




2015:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each "Biotechnology is a vital tool in modem forensic science’. Comment.

b. What is Euphenics? Explain its use for improvement of human welfare.

c. Discuss the status and scope of prawn culture in India. Mention commercially viable and cultivable species of fresh water and brackish water prawns.

d. What are transgenic animals? How are they produced? Explain their contributions to human welfare. Comment on ethical concerns in relation to transgenesis.

2014:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each How are pearls cultured? Describe the economic importance of pearl culture.

b. Give an elaborate account on AIDS. c. Describe the principal steps in Apiculture and add a

note on various aspects of its rearing techniques. 2013:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each : • What is forensic biotechnology? Discuss its significance. • Through a labeled diagram, show the stages of life-

history of Bombyx mori. b. What is filariasis? Discuss the structure and life-history

of filarial worm. Highlight its pathogenic aspects and preventive measures.

c. Name four human genetic diseases. Give an account of human genome research and its applications.

2012:

a. Delineate the principal steps in initiating sericulture. Add a note on various aspects of rearing techniques to get quality product in sericulture.

b. Discuss the role of biotechnology in forensic science giving suitable examples.

2011: What is mutable connective tissue? Describe the various functions it serves and the mechanism of its working. 2010:

a. Write in brief, accounts of the following in about 200 words each




What is Lac culture? What are the uses of lac? Explain the methodology employed in lac culture. Discuss its present scenario in India.

b. Write the clinical manifestations, mode of infection, diagnosis and treatment for tuberculosis.

Biostatistics: Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution and measure of central tendency, chi square, student-test, F-test (one-way & two-way F-test).

2018: What is Chi-square test? Give a detailed account of computation of Chi-square for tests of independence, homogeneity and goodness of fit using biological data. 2017: What is meant by biostatistics? Explain the role of correlation, regression and ANOVA in data analysis in zoology. 2016:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each What is correlation? Explain its various types and methods of calculating correlation analysis.

b. Describe the measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. What is their use in biology?

c. What is ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay)? Write its principle and procedure. Add a note on its applications.

2015:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each Differentiate between one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Comment on its applications in biostatistics.

b. What is meant by distribution? Explain patterns of distribution in natural populations

2014:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each Give an account of "Analysis of variance" and mention its significance.

b. Give an account on “Correlation analysis", its application and significance.

2012:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each : How is the degree of freedom calculated in a chi-square analysis? Use a graph to convert x2 -values to p-values.

b. With suitable example(s), enumerate the method for conducting one-way and two-way F-tests.

2011:

a. Answer in brief, the following in about 150 words each:




Discuss with suitable examples the importance of the measure of central tendency and dispersion.

b. What is Chi-square test? Add a detailed account on the computation of chi-square for tests of independence, homogeneity and goodness of fit, using biological data

2010: What is student’t’ test? Explain the application with example.

Instrumentation Methods: (a) Spectrophotometer, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, radioactive tracer, ultra centrifuge, gel electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA, FISH and chromosome painting. (b) Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).

2018: a. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each:

PCR b. What is resolution of a microscope? Comment on the

principles of SEM and TEM. Describe the structure, working and applications of any one of the electron microscope in biology.

2017:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each Describe FISH : Principle, procedure and applications

b. Write about phase contrast and fluoroscence microscopy with notes on their principles and applications in zoology.

c. Explain the principle, types and applications of ultracentrifuge.

2016:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each Write the principle, working and uses of spectrophotometer.

b. Define remote sensing. Explain how it can be used as an effective tool for sustainable development.

2015:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each Electrophoresis is a valuable tool in resolving cryptic-species complexes. Discuss.

b. What is chromosome painting? Comment on its principles and scope.

2014:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each Differentiate between the phase contrast and fluorescent microscopy.

b. Describe the principle, structure and function of Liquid scintillation counter and mention its application.

2013:

a. Answer the following in about 150 words each :




While using a compound microscope, how will you know how much you are magnifying an object? Through a diagram show the relative working distance under low and high powers.

b. What is the principle of spectrophotometry? Discuss the details of instrumentation and application of spectrophotometer. Comment upon the common feature of spectrophotometric assay and ELISA, if any.

2012:

a. What is PCR? Give an illustrated account of various steps of this technique in DNA amplification.

2011:

a. Discuss the theoretical basis of spectrophotometry with reference to the Beer-Lambert law. Write an account of the instrumentation, maintainance and application of spectrophotometer.

2010: Write in brief, accounts of the following in about 200 words each What is EM? Mention different types of EM. Describe the structure and function of TEM. Mention its applications in biology.


ZOOLOGY PAPER 1 TOPIC WISE UPSC QUESTIONS - …...UPSC ZOOLOGY PAPER 1 TOPICWISE PREVIOUS YEAR...

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