ZOOLOGY BIO 141 Dr. Sumithran. /Zoo/Home.html /Zoo/Home.html.
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Transcript of ZOOLOGY BIO 141 Dr. Sumithran. /Zoo/Home.html /Zoo/Home.html.
ZOOLOGYZOOLOGY
BIO 141BIO 141
Dr. Sumithran
http://people.eku.edu/http://people.eku.edu/sumithrans/Zoo/Home.htmlsumithrans/Zoo/Home.html
IntroductionIntroduction
What is life?What is life?
IntroductionIntroduction
Difficult to defineDifficult to define Therefore discuss properties of living Therefore discuss properties of living
systemssystems
Properties of Living SystemsProperties of Living Systems
1) Chemical Uniqueness1) Chemical Uniqueness Made up of large moleculesMade up of large molecules MACROMOLECULESMACROMOLECULES Four categoriesFour categories Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids ProteinsProteins CarbohydratesCarbohydrates LipidsLipids
Properties of Living SystemsProperties of Living Systems 2) Complexity and Hierarchical Organization2) Complexity and Hierarchical Organization One level builds on previous levelOne level builds on previous level MacromoleculesMacromolecules CellsCells TissueTissue OrgansOrgans Organ system etcOrgan system etc Emergent Characteristics – Emergent Characteristics – Unique characteristics that appear at a given Unique characteristics that appear at a given
level of organizationlevel of organization
Properties of Living SystemsProperties of Living Systems
3) Reproduction3) Reproduction Replacement of individuals in a Replacement of individuals in a
populationpopulation Types of ReproductionTypes of Reproduction AsexualAsexual SexualSexual
Properties of Living SystemsProperties of Living Systems
4) Possession of a Genetic 4) Possession of a Genetic ProgramProgram
Faithful transmission of traits – Faithful transmission of traits – HeredityHeredity
Information contained in GenesInformation contained in Genes Specifically encoded in the DNASpecifically encoded in the DNA
Properties of Living SystemsProperties of Living Systems
5) Metabolism5) Metabolism Complex chemical processes that go Complex chemical processes that go
on in cells – provide energyon in cells – provide energy Two processesTwo processes Anabolism – Building up reactionsAnabolism – Building up reactions Catabolism – Breaking down Catabolism – Breaking down
reactionsreactions
Properties of Living SystemsProperties of Living Systems
6) Growth / Development6) Growth / Development Changes that take place during the Changes that take place during the
life of an organismlife of an organism Metamorphosis – The transformation Metamorphosis – The transformation
that take place in post-embryonic that take place in post-embryonic stagesstages
Properties of Living SystemsProperties of Living Systems
7) Environmental Interaction7) Environmental Interaction Ecology – Study of interactions Ecology – Study of interactions
between organisms and their between organisms and their environmentenvironment
Organisms responding to stimuli Organisms responding to stimuli from environmentfrom environment
IRRITABILITYIRRITABILITY
IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS AND CONCEPTS AND
PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES
DARWIN’S THEORY OF DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION
Charles DarwinCharles Darwin Galapagos IslandsGalapagos Islands 1859 – Published “The Origin of 1859 – Published “The Origin of
Species”Species” Major obstacle – Heredity not Major obstacle – Heredity not
understoodunderstood 5 major theories5 major theories
DARWIN’S THEORY OF DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION
1) Perpetual Change1) Perpetual Change Living world is neither constant nor Living world is neither constant nor
cyclic instead is constantly changingcyclic instead is constantly changing Fossil EvidenceFossil Evidence 99% of species that once lived on the 99% of species that once lived on the
planet now extinctplanet now extinct
DARWIN’S THEORY OF DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION
2) Common Descent2) Common Descent All forms of life descended from a All forms of life descended from a
common ancestor through branching common ancestor through branching lineageslineages
PHYLOGENYPHYLOGENY DNA studies – Provide evidenceDNA studies – Provide evidence
DARWIN’S THEORY OF DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION
3) Multiplication 3) Multiplication of Speciesof Species
new species are new species are produced by the produced by the splitting and splitting and transformation of transformation of older onesolder ones
Process known as Process known as – Speciation– Speciation
DARWIN’S THEORY OF DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION
4) Gradualism4) Gradualism Large differences that characterize Large differences that characterize
different species, originate through different species, originate through the accumulation of small changes the accumulation of small changes over a period of time over a period of time
Did not take place overnight – but Did not take place overnight – but over geological timeover geological time
DARWIN’S THEORY OF DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION
5) Natural Selection5) Natural Selection Explains why organisms are Explains why organisms are
constructed the way they are constructed the way they are To meet the demands of their To meet the demands of their
environment environment
CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION Developed by LinnaeusDeveloped by Linnaeus
Categories of Animal Categories of Animal ClassificationClassification
Kingdom - AnimaliaKingdom - Animalia Phylum - ChordataPhylum - Chordata Class - MammaliaClass - Mammalia Order - PrimatesOrder - Primates Family - HominidaeFamily - Hominidae Genus - Genus - HomoHomo Species - Species - sapienssapiens
The EndThe End
Write on CardsWrite on Cards
NameName Year in schoolYear in school Major, Minor, EmphasisMajor, Minor, Emphasis Why are you taking this course?Why are you taking this course? Name one thing you would like to learn Name one thing you would like to learn
about in this courseabout in this course Career goals…Career goals… Hobbies, interests, anything cool!!!Hobbies, interests, anything cool!!!