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What?

Zolna Murray

MSc

Reg/Senior Architect –

BIM Specialist

The future of BIM is paperless, literally

Dah, you may think ……

What?

… it is obvious that once BIM is really grown and fully

functional, it will be fully paperless.

But is it really that obvious?

Is BIM going in the right direction?

Isn’t there far too much ‘hot air’ surrounding it and

very little hard evidence of progression?

Many questions, few answers.

Once Upon A Time……

What?

…not even that long ago, everyone in the construction industry spoke

the same language.

It was not a particularly sophisticated language, but the majority of

the industry participants did speak, read and write it.

This was the language of the technical drawing.

Created on paper, or tracing paper, or backs of envelopes, with

simple tools like pens, pencils, T and parallel squares.

Then ……

What?

…some 20+ years ago FlatCAD happened,

and the universal uptake of the language was lost.

Gradually ……

What?

…the industry split between those that did CAD

and those that did not DO CAD – they carried on as managers.

I do not mean here, just ‘managers of people’ but managers of

various construction disciplines, project managers and almost all

types of engineers,

Then ……

What?

Doers (the CAD people) moved on with speaking

a simplified language of the technical drawing,

while most managers stopped speaking it all together and

became hands-off.

The deep divide between the managers and doers was

established then and it is still here,

causing a gap in communication.

The partial literacy…

What?

You take away the language,

you take away common interests and the cohesiveness of

the group.

…of any industry has a crippling effect.

In this process, the paper, …

What?

once just a medium, became a measure of performance.

Where once hundred or fewer drawings would do under the ‘old’ system,

CAD encouraged the production of thousands instead.

Nowadays, thousands of drawings delivered,

even if of suspect quality, mean job done.

The sheer numbers of them, even on small projects, also mean inability to

properly check and control

BIM was supposed to …

What?

…. amongst other things, readdress this issue.

It never did.

My Journey……

What?

1st 2nd 3rd

1989-1999 2000-2010 2010-2017

1989-2017

My career is almost 3 decades long.

As I look back at it, it breaks neatly into 3 phases

First phase……

What?

1st

1989-1999

At the start of the first decade, I was a young, enthusiastic architect,

just out of university,

cocky and keen, to go out alone…

…but also, aware of the vast knowledge, skills and experience-gap

I needed to bridge, to survive in the industry, in New Zealand.

So, I learned and learned ……

What?

1st

1989-1999

… as much as I could, on many fronts, designing, documenting,

administering contracts, supervising construction

and becoming proficient in BIM

Second Phase……

What?

2nd

2000-2010

By about 10 years into my career, I was reasonably

comfortable and capable in most of the critical aspects of

my job,

and was super positive about BIM

For the following decade……

What?

2000-2010

…I spent a lot of my time sharing that love of BIM, with those

open to the idea and (even more)

with those that were not.

08045 Villa_views.pdf

08045 Villa_views.pdf

Skepticism, cynicism and ridicule ……

What?

surprised me a bit, but did not deter….

I believed, that no matter how few of us did it, if we kept at it,

developed more tools, changed more minds, recruited more

followers, it would all be worthwhile in the end.

What?

2nd

2000-2010

So confident was I of this vision, that I funded a company with my husband

that offered Virtual Construction Services, a flavor of BIM even less

known/liked than the ‘ordinary BIM’.

We put everything we had,

into the company.

We worked tirelessly……

What?

2000-2010

…on getting others on board, including

those, that ‘passively’ practiced BIM

(the non- hands-on users).

We developed BIM ‘crutches’ for them in

the forms of outsourcing, onsite support,

‘idiot-proof’ model viewers etc.

SAMPLES/CEBU_Stage2.pdf

SAMPLES/CEBU_Stage2.pdf

What?

…the business should have grown and thrived,

even with the Global Financial Crisis coming our way.

By all logic ……

Oh, how wrong I turned out to be!

What?

Third Phase……

What?

3rd

2010-2017Roll on the last decade.

Our company crumbled and failed, the family lost everything,

we left the country to financially survive.

Sure, it was all sad ……

What?

2010-2017

and harshly educational,

and hopefully character building in the long run,

but, maybe surprisingly,

I retained my faith in BIM through these turbulent

years.

It took some work…

What?

in another 3 different countries following our shift

away from New Zealand,

and involvement in many high profile projects, to

concede,

that BIM did not really work for me.

What I mean by not working ……

What?

2010-2017

…is that for any career progression, I far too often had to

choose between ‘my BIM’ –

and ‘other professional personas’

and often had to model in secret at non-BIM positions.

What I mean by not working ……

What?

2010-2017

that in spite of large-scale, BIM mandating across the globe, BIM

was unlikely to really take off any time soon.

BIM became either an expensive add on (due to a large part of the

industry participants unable to contribute to it in meaningful ways)

or a ‘fisherman’s story’ passed on from conference to conference

losing touch with reality by the day.

Disillusioned, ……

What?

I gradually totally shifted back from BIM-mish jobs

to traditional PM and DM roles.

Still, I had not stopped thinking about BIM.

Indeed……

What?

I spent the last 7 years

intensively refining my

theories,

why such a big gap existed

between what is sold to the

world as ‘BIM should be’

and what I know and

experience first-hand it is or

it is not.

I had recorded many such thoughts through my blog,

a vent, in these, fundamentally self-doubting years.

The Culprits……

What?

The main causes for the lack of real success in BIM development, I identified, I

collected into 5 distinctive groups:

The ‘corrupt’ (speculative) nature of the Industry across the

world is not a fertile ground for BIM. Construction is not

really like any other ‘manufacturing business’.

– It has huge, regular and global ups and downs, cycles of

feast and famine, coupled with murky reward distribution

across its participants;

(contrary to common belief it is NOT always the client that

pays for the mistakes and lack of planning on projects).

1st

The Culprits……

What?

The participants that make up the industry form a ‘Two

layered cake’ and fall neatly into two groups of managers

and doers,

where managers are rarely interested in partaking in BIM,

making BIM implementation unnecessarily expensive.

They may ‘talk the talk of BIM’ but rarely walk it.

2nd

The Culprits……

What?

3rd ‘Shouting and bullying’ are the most widespread and effective

of tools – deep understanding of project information is not

essential to be successful.

‘Deals’ determine the outcome of projects even under the

strictest of public scrutiny.

Again, an environment that is hostile to BIM.

The Culprits……

What?

4th Career progression prospects (once a manager, always a

manager) and the stigma of any BIM literacy,

force most graduates into shunning BIM from early in their

career,

thus stopping fresh talent from within the industry

meaningfully contributing to BIM.

The Culprits……

What?

5th Lack of incentive for the manager to change their own

behavior and become hands-on.

Investing in one’s vocal abilities for shouting purposes and

intimidating body language pays more than any set of BIM

skills does.

So, why should they take on something complex and difficult,

like learning BIM from scratch?

The Culprits……

What?

1. The ‘corrupt’ (speculative) nature of the Industry across the world

2. The participants that make up the industry form a ‘two layered cake’ of doers and managers3. ‘Shouting and bullying’ are the most widespread of tools 4. Career Progression prospects for graduates are compromised if they take on BIM

5. Lack of incentive for the ‘upper crust’ to change their own behavior.

Numbers 1 and 5, are such significant, yet almost impossible to eliminate

factors, that most ‘BIM promoters’ tend to tiptoe around them, or ignore

them, altogether.

Unfortunately, they are the bookends to a body of factors,

that keep the ‘resistance to BIM so strong’.

They ARE ……

What?

Corrupt/speculative construction and Low Participation in BIM

BIM

promoters

the proverbial elephants in the room and

we must acknowledge them

What?

…that any industry can afford such a large part of it to be

practically ‘information illiterate’ is naïve.

The claim that certain people are too expensive or too

knowledgeable to be wasting time on learning the

language of the industry is pure arrogance.

The IDEA ……

Resistance……

What?

But people DO not like being pushed where they do not want to go.

People only make significant efforts to get out of their comfort zones,

either because of the incentives are attractive and desirable

or because the consequences of not doing it are highly damaging.

Solution……

What?

The Paper Free Construction Site

XAfter years of chewing over various ideas, I

came up with the concept of the

‘paper free construction site project’

as a possible solution of (for lack of any

nicer word)

forcing true BIM literacy onto the industry.

What?

Now, many will say,

X

…that there is nothing new to this idea.

That, there are many-many projects currently delivered with very

little or no paper drawings involved, for example, all marking up is

done through digital viewers.

While I do give credit to these exercises I am yet to see them

turning large numbers of ‘managers’ into BIM practitioners

What?


MY

X

1. BIM is a useful set of tools and it should be given a

decent chance for succeeding.

2. Unfortunately, BIM only really works when

everyone is doing it on any one project.

3. For ‘everyone’ to be doing it, the non-hands on

upper crust needs to get out its comfort zone and

become BIM literate.

4. It is unlikely be self-motivated to do so, unless

really ‘pushed’.

5. A combination of a true ‘stick and carrot’ approach

should work the best.

Why?

How?

What?

The Paper Free Construction Site:

X

How?Select a project, select your

people, instruct them to do their

job whatever way they see fit,

but without the crutches they

are used to have.

Value them for what they do

know (core competencies) and

support them to get the skills

they don’t have.

Make them truly accountable for

the results.

They will be rewarded if they

succeed

X

What?


Why?

X X

But you can rightly ask, ‘why focus on the paper – or

lack of it?’ Why take away the drafting/modeling

force?

What difference can it make?

It can. The impact will derive from their absence.

What?

The ‘dangerous’ paper…

Currently ‘paper’ is misused for

creating a perception of project

delivery.

We produce (and print) tens of

thousands of drawings often

meaningless, uncoordinated,

unmanageable, to prove work is

being done.

We write and print minutes and

reports to underline the same.

Yet the more we print, the less

time we spend on really doing

our job, understanding,

developing and building

buildings.

What?

The ‘dangerous’ paper…Apart from the ‘abuse by

numbers’, paper also allows

some other, unsavory

practices within projects,

aiding Claim based

manipulations by QS-es,

mudding up the waters by

planners,

letting Project Managers

away with blaming everyone

else for everything,

all adding to the crookedness

of the industry and giving no

chance to BIM gain traction

What?

The Paper Free Construction Site…

puts the onus back on the

‘building makers’ (including all

participants) to go back to their

core jobs and truly resolve

building issues in time (‘no

variation’ is going to be one of

the ‘sticks’)

utilizing whatever tools they

can put their hands on, but

taking away their ‘crutches’,

that of paper, BIM modelers

and CAD drafters.

Samples 2/Island Model for NYU.pdf


What?

The Paper Free Construction Site…

Two-layered cake, no more,

or

a change ENVIRONMENT

motivating

EVERYONE to do things digitally.

X



What?


Fence (paper free area)

Gate

Gate

house

Site offices

Literarily: Physical fencing,

monitoring, controlling the project are a

must for this ENVIRONMENT,

for it to remain ‘crutch-less’ and mature.

Referring back to the ‘language’ issue ……

What?

the main goal is to re-establish a language

that crosses all internal boundaries.

To make those, that create the buildings

figure out how to ‘talk to each other’

meaningfully, including the managers, but

with no ‘double handling’ of the information.

X

What?


1. Choose a sluggish job market (people keen to keep their jobs)

2. Select an open minded and committed client and a medium sized project.

3. Establish a strictly ‘no paper environment’ for key participants to work in. (a

physically isolated space controlled, guarded)

4. Hire people with good core competencies and good attitude (ignore their

previous BIM experiences)

5. Provide good support for up-skilling and assist with procuring tools, but leave

the initiative, motivation and choice of tools to the individuals (support should be

in the form of a ‘crew of helpers’ not modelers, CAD drafters or BIM managers);

Current BIM practicioners should not be worried, these support crews will keep

them employed, jut under new roles and responsibilities;

6. Sign a mutual pledge between the ‘client’ and the ‘deliverers’ to commit to make

it work

7. Set up a No variations, no extensions of time expectation (but allow reasonable

timeframe for the warming up period)

8. Offer a 10 % (or other agreed figure) bonus on completion on time and to budget

9. Allow people to fail and pick themselves up, but don’t make it too obvious, so

that they are not tempted to abuse it;

10.Budget for the process but in a way that everyone’s skin is in.

How to get it started:

What?



Gate

Gate

house

The day-to-day Process:

Consultants’

Info

(digital only)

Consultant-prepared information will come

to the construction site in whatever form it

is contractually available (CAD drawings,

PDFs, Design Models);

Only digital information will be allowed to

cross the gate, no paper or pens/pencils

within the fenced area.

What?



Gate

Gate

house


Consultants’

Info

(digital only)

Project Management

Everyone key to the project, PD, DMs,

PMs, planners, commercial managers, QS-

es, foremen, construction supervisors will

be based full time (working hours, of

course) on site.

What?



Gate

Gate

house


Consultants’

Info

(digital only)

Project Management

A crew of BIM specialist will be full time

available for assistance, they will not

however drive the process but assist. In

case of major dramas, they could step in

but only at the invitation of the main

participants and only to help getting

through a particular challenge as opposed

to doing the job for the others.

Crew of BIM helpers

What?



Gate

Gate

house


Consultants’

Info

(digital only)

Project Management

Shop-drawings if needed, will be prepared

outside and digitally imported onto the site.

All meetings relevant to the project will be

held on site.

External people could enter the site but

with no paper, diaries, sketches or pens..

Crew of BIM helpers

What?

At the end….

, …what I speculate will happen is, that

following a ‘surprise period’ of ‘no, this

can’t be happening’

… and an aggressive natural and/or

controlled selection between those that will

be prepared to give it a go and those that

will not….

What?

…the ones hanging in, will give the project a

decent go, even if they revert to well-known tools

like MS Paint and Power Point

What?

The assisting crew will also be there to shadow

the workings of the main team for the client, to

prepare regular reports on the quality and

integrity of information created and managed.

One can say, this is duplication of resources as

well, I argue this is a safety net, to keep the

project progressing, while the up skilling of the

main team is happening.

What?


At the end, at best, I believe the results

likely to be in the range of about 50%

success in the ‘no variations’ area

and 50% on the people ‘converted’.

It is unlikely that the BIM produced by the

main crew will be anywhere close to the

one produced by the ‘shadow-crew’ but the

results will still be significant.

What?


It is also likely that by the end the project will

be humming nicely

and the people, that succeed in this

experiment will ‘keep on giving’ to the

industry.

What?


They will turn into BIM literate ‘BIM bees’ carrying on

as PDs, DMs, PMs, planners, commercial managers,

foremen, construction inspectors etc.

They will demand the new ENVIRONMENT and way

of working in their new projects.

What?


X

…I expect these people, when they really

put their heads to it, will find the current set

of digital tools available to them off the

shelves unsatisfactory …

What?


…and because they will be allowed (even

encouraged to) look at other ‘non-conventional

digital tools’ they will meaningfully contribute to

software development

and in time to figuring out best practices and

standards.

What?

Going further…

In this era of ‘reality shows’ , the project can be

live-screened for others to see ,

could be even set up as a competition between

two similar sized projects maybe even two

competing companies.

What?

The side effect will be an added coolness,

to the process that would draw in and

retain fresh talent, the industry is so

desperate for.

What?

Conclusion:for BIM to survive and thrive, we need to work both

on the overall characteristics of the industry

and the level of uptake of the ‘language of BIM’.

I chose the construction phase as a starting point for

change.

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