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nfrfhfoB hstb, jcvzfb hcsU iV } 255 …tfmfoB hstb, jcvzfb hcsU iV } 256 jcvzfbD zsKG udetkf 258 jcvzfsbv ndEj zKG zbcLfhb jvf 261 jcvzfb jDHfsh zbcLfhb jvshb? 267 jcvzfb zbcLfhb jvfv t[B 272 jcvzfb zbcLfhb jvfv ncIt 275 jcvzfbD hfsjAv uhfh slWqf 276 isbsvf } jcvzfb sktfzskv nmq jfâf 278 sNft } nmsq nwsè ˆhQ nmsq db}wsè jcvzfb ifE jv¢b 281 nsksvf } dktfzskv dnulf 284 ˆƒ dnulfv mfb } 284 swafkfW dj dnulf jvsh? 285 jcvzfsb ˆƒ dnulfv ²¿fbnmCr 286 bfmfspv dHkv dktfzskv dnulf 286 ˆƒ dnulfv dbqmfhtD 287 ˆƒ dnulfv lczf 287 zfEfsvf } jcvzfb Jksmv jm nmq 288 …dbw } jcvzfb Jksmv lczf 294 jcdV } jcvzfb isV „nfst nWqfh 295 ˆjcw } jcvzfb isV hf idVsq zsKGfifuGb 295 jcvzfb isV hf idVsq zsKGfifuGb zShL rWqfv ltDtnmCr 297 jcvzfb isV hf idVsq ifdvwadmj sbWqfv ³hLkfv ltDt 305 hfƒw } j¶fvDslv jdkiq dhlzfk 308 skƒw } vfsk zHAfnok jcvzfb bf isV Ocdmsq sost 309 mcnrfsIv iadk n©mfb W zflh ialwGb 310 jcvzfsbv jnm JfWqf 311 jcvzfbsj ncndÏk jvf dj kf'pDsmv z§ÀHGcÙÁ? 312 jcvzfbD zfqfk slWqfst tejfsbf 312 kf'pDm iajfwfsKG jcvzfb dj ycìb jvf dhsLq? 314 zidhÛ zh²¿fq jcvzfb ±iwG bf jvf 317 bfifj zh²¿fq jcvzfb ifE bf jvf 317 zmcndtmsj jcvzfb slWqf 317 wÛ¢slv idvshsw jcvzfb bf vfJf 317 rfk rsk jcvzfb isV sost 318


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sp jcvzfsbv iasqfub zfsY dhw¶mfbhkfv, zwf§À ixdKhDv wfd§ÀjfmD mfbcsNv, ldtk-swfdNk-hdÑk mfbcsNv.

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iaskAj zhsrdtskv n©mfb dIsv ifWqfv ts[A iasqfub zfsY jcvzfb zLAqsbv.

rfvfsbf soZvh dIsv ifWqfv ts[A iasqfub zfsY jcvzfb zLAqsbv. nc¦lv ixdKhD osV skftfv ts[A iasqfub zfsY jcvzfb zLAqsbv. jcvzfb rt mfbh-ps§Ãv idvyfdtjf ic²Àj. jcvzfb rt zájfvf¤Yâ isK

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jcvzfb-idvdydk mrfoa§¿ zft-jcvzfb mrfb naófv hfBD, k]fv jKf. kfv wè W zKG k]fv.

k]fv hfBD k]fv ˆjde ÈB, kf nxdó bq. k]fv kvI rsk ˆsnsY, k]fv dlsjƒ dIsv pfsh. sp jcvzfsbv iafvý nCvf Ifdkrf dlsq, swN nCvf bfn dlsq. mrfb zfïfr ˆ jcvzfb hstsYb, duhvDt dIdvwXkf kf wahB jsvsYb ˆhQ k]fv dbje sKsj wahB jsvsYb mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr �. pf ifE jvst icBA rq ˆhQ snƒ zbcnfsv iK ytst uDhb LbA rq. sp hfBD dtdJk rq jfoufdlsk, n¹xdk²¿ rq rfsIposBv n¹xdkise.

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9

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zKhf jcvzfb mfsb umfjxk. spsrkc kf djkfh W r™lsq umf jvf rsqsY.

zKhf jcvzfb mfsb } nlxw. spsrkc jcvzfsbv ˆj zQw ziv zQswv nkAfqb jsv ˆhQ ˆj zQw zbA zQswv nlxw.

zKhf jcvzfb mfsb } dhbA²À jvf, dmdtk jvf. spsrkc jcvzfsbv zfqfk W nCvfsj ˆsj zisvv nfsK dmdtk W dhbA²À j'sv nfufsbf rsqsY.

htf hfùtA, idvHfNfq j¶cvzfb rt snƒ zstZdjj hfBDnmdóv djkfh W oas§¿v bfm, pf mrfb zfïfr dbu hf¦lfslvsj iK slJfsbfv ubA duhvDt � mfvI{ mrfbhD mcrf©mfl �-ˆv …iv ipGfqÛÁsm k]fv 23 hYv uDhsb zhkDBG jsvb.

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zft-j¶cvzfsbv smfe nCvf 114de. ifvf 30de. v¢jC (pkecj zQw isV bfmfsp v¢jC jvf pfq kfv nQJAf) 558de. drpXh (iadkdlb dbqdmk sktfzskv dbdlGó zQw) 60de. iadnÝ mkfbcnfsv smfe zfqfk 6666de, mkf§Àsv 6236de. wè 77439de. z[v 340740de (dhkdjGk). dnulfsq dktfzk 15de.

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`v¢jC' äfvf Hfo sj jsvsYb, kfvW sjfb rlDn dmst bf. pdlW smfhfvj jvDm uWrv nfsrh dtsJsYb sp, kf rpvk Wnmfb �-ˆv zfmstƒ dbLGfdvk rq. zKy dkdb `drpXh' dbLGfdvk jsvsYb hst jdKk rq. zfv kfv ubAƒ n†lD Yfif WnmfbD jcvzfsb `drpXh' zfsY, v¢jC sbƒ. drpXshv nQJAf rt iadk ifvfq 2de, nhGsmfe 60de.

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11

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12

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}9:5�6s9e�6�>]>Y=��>+d��6?�5+5א].�Jس�HG�5��8R>̂ o�6�9��6ن�DVH06]{)�١٨٧�( #�� V��א� �ªˆHfsh zfïfr mfbcsNv ubA k]fv dblwGbfhtD nc±ióHfsh hAÙÁ jsvb,

pfsk kfvf nfhLfb rsq ytsk ifsv.« (hfj¶fvfr } 187) }9:5�6s9e�>Y=�6�>]�>+d��8אRD19��5+5?�6].�8RD1o�6�9��6ن�D�5V8�6?{)�٢٤٢�( #�� V��א� �

ªˆHfsh zfïfr kf]v njt dblwGb ±ióHfsh hBGbf jsvb, pfsk skfmvf hcUsk ifv.« (hfj¶fvfr } 242)

Yq } dyrÁ, zftfmk hf dblwGb


13

13

spmb mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }8%9V9��6�9نe�Oٍ6�6�5��X5��8RĴ 5G918��6U��(�6].��J��60نHG6F��Y�6��ٍ��8R�D1=26##=ز8قDe��Y�5U�J��Dא��و�5�6&�6لٍ��[6&�5

M�6G)��٢(אْ�&+H�JK6و�X5��=مD��

�)��٤(}~�fR�516�6�9��X5��6G8]6%9אْ��6051"5uj�א� #��


14

14

ªrf-mDm. nc±ió oas§¿v wiK. zfdm ˆ zhkDBG jsvdY jcvzfbv™si zfvhD HfNfq, pfsk skfmvf hcUsk ifv. dbÇyq ˆ zfmfv dbje mCt oas§¿ (tfWsr mfrICsp ncvd[k) mrfb, iaÎfmq.« (pcJv¢I } 1-4)

}>+H�JK�f8.نDV9��fR]J9e)�٧٧�(X5��Z"�605eٍن��>G1ْ6U)�٧٨�(>+p�6&6]�9��onJK��6ون>�Ĥ �?�f��]JjG6)��٧٩(אْ�&


15

15

spmb ƒhsb zfêfn � hstsYb, pJb zhkDBG rt, }5s8�9�66و526Eْ9̀ �}65r6��8#?�9:6אْ� �

ªskfmfv dbjekm öubhoGsj kcdm nkjG j'sv lfW.« (ðzf'vf } 214) kJb bhD � n¶fIf ifrfsV ysV jcvfƒswv wfJfsofsÛv stfsjslvsj Ffj

dlsk tfostb, `sr hfbD zflD!---' idvswsN njstƒ umfsqk rt. ˆmbdj sp stfj shv rsk z[m dYt snW ˆjub lCk ifdEsq dlt, pfsk hAfifvef jD kf sn slsJ zfsn. zfhC tfrfh W jcvfƒw ˆt. bhD � htstb, ªskfmvf ht! pdl zfdm skfmfslvsj hdt sp, ˆj zw¶fsvfrD ³nbAlt ˆƒ ihGskv iÇyfsk dhlAmfb vsqsY, sn skfmfslv …iv rfmtf jvsk …lAk, kfrst skfmvf zfmfv jKf dhÇhfn jvsh dj?« kfvf htt, `r]Af. zfmvf skfmfsj nkAhflDv™siƒ sisqdY.' kJb bhD � htstb, kfrst skfmfslvsj zfdm ˆj jdEb zfpfh sKsj nfhLfb jvdY. ˆ jKf wcsb zfhc tfrfh hst …Et, `nfvf dlb skfmfv …iv L¶Qn bfmcj. kcdm dj ˆƒ ubAƒ zfmfslvsj umfsqk jsvY?' kJb zhkDBG rt,

}9��6U�،H6?6و�Z6̂ 9��X529�8[6%6א��kH�6?66�9e��6U6و�>+D��6U�>+8G6��6Gْ{.� �ªL¶Qn srfj zfhc tfrfshv r²Àäq ˆhQ L¶Qn srfj sn dbsuW. kfv Lb-

n©il W kfv …ifuGb kfv sjfb …ijfsv zfnsh bf.« (tfrfh } 1-2) (hcJfvD 4770, mcndtm 529, zfrmfl 2801, dkvdmpD 3363bQ) (J) vfnCtcïfr �-sj djYc duÎfnf jvf rst, kfv …Ùv hf dhLfb dbsq

jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY. spmb …Wqfƒdmv ˆsn htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! ˆj hAdÙÁ kfv ²ÃDv

nfsK ziv ˆjub icv¢Nsj (hAdHyfsv) dtå sisqsY. sn dj kfsj rkAf jvsh? zk}iv zfibfvf dj kfsj rkAf jvshb? zKhf sn jD jvsh?' ˆ iaswv́ …Ùv dbsq jcvzfb zhkDBG rt. vfnCtcïfr � htstb, ªzfïfr skfmfv W skfmfv ²ÃDv hAfifsv jcvzfb zhkDBG jsvsYb.« (nCvf bCv 6bQ zfqfk W kfv kInDv û})

htf hfùtA, iChGhkGD zbAfbA djkfshv mskf jcvzfb ˆjƒ nfsK mrfbhD �-ˆv …iv zhkDBG rqdb. hvQ z¬i z¬i j'sv iasqfub-zbcifsk zhkDBG rsqsY. pfsk


16

16

(j) iaswv́ n©mcJDb rsq kdVOdV uhfh rq, …id²¿k nmnAfv kf{[dBj nmfLfb rq ˆhQ svfsov mfKfq WNcL iasqfsov mskf jfu jsv ˆhQ zdhw¶fnDslv mb sKsj ns¦lr lCvDHCk rq.

(J) pKfnmsq mrfbhD �-ˆv msb nf§À¶bf zfsn, k]fv r™lq wÙÁ rq ˆhQ ±mxdk²¿ jvf nru rq.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }9E6��6ل6وY]5so�وא�א>9l9e��9�8�9��6ل=j>��5+8�9�6��>8.نDV�ْ�9)ً��א�8&>F��ً 6%�5~��9:5و6א�6s�9e��6k�=�6c>G5��5+�52��9M�6G�ْH?6#6و��8?�5ًْ̀?


17

17

jcvzfb jDHfsh oa§¿v™i sit?

zhkDBG rWqfv nfsK nfsK mrfbhD � jcvzfsbv zQw ±mxdk²¿ jvsk n[m rb. n¹xdk²¿ jvfv lfdqk¶ sbWqfv jKfW mrfb zfïfr sOfNBf jsvb. duhvDt � pJb zrD dbsq zfnskb, kJb bhD �W kf]v nfsK nfsK kfVfkfdV j'sv isV spskb. pfsk sjfb wè spb Hcst bf pfb. zfïfr kf]sj dIdvñfv nfsK ˆƒHfsh iVsk dbsNL jvstb.

}��5+�52�6�678�605��9:6��6�5��5+52�?�9�)١٦�(��>+�6�.8DE66&�6�8+M��6��ْ69Eذ6א�JO�9��>+6�.8DE�8P5�H?�9�)١٨�(>+6��6�62��6G8�9�6��HنJK�HR>S{)�١٩�((U��V�א� #��

ªkfVfkfdV zrD zfqÙ jvfv ubA kcdm skfmfv dur¶f Wv nfsK nÑftb jsvf bf. dbÇyq ˆefv nQv[B W ifE jvfhfv lfdqk¶ zfmfvƒ. nckvfQ pJb zfdm Wef (duhaf„stv mfLAsm) ifE jdv, kJb kcdm snƒ ifsEv zbcnvB jv. zk}iv dbÇyq ˆv dhhxdkv lfdqk¶ zfmfvƒ.« (dj·qfmfr } 16-19)

dkdb zfsvf htstb, }�9��6�609��>+o��א�D:5�6&�ْא�p/6,�ْ��9א��8�678�6و6?�J8.نDV�ْ�52�Y5U�J�8�9E9��6ن��Vْ>]�9:8�9�JK�>+>�8~6و��DE6و�="H#�X5�8دJز��q&�ْ5�{)�١١٤�( #��+�W� �

ªzfïfr zdk mrfb, nkA zLDw¶v. skfmfv iadk zfïfrv zrD (iakAfslw) n©iCBG rWqfv iCshG kcdm jcvzfb ifsE kfVfkfdV jsvf bf. zfv ht, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfmfv Îfb hxdÝ jv.« (k¶f-rf } 114)

nckvfQ zdk nrsu k]fv n¹xdk²¿ rsq sot. dkdb nfrfhfslvsj kf isV ðbfstb. zrD stJj nfrfhfoB kf dhdHâ yfmVf ƒkAfdlv isÛ dtsJ dbstb. sjfbX zfqfk sjfbX nCvfq ndâdhó rsh, kf k]fvƒ dbslGsw n©iâ rt. kfƒ j¶cvzfb mfuDslv iaskAj zfqfk ˆhQ iaskAj nCvfv kvkDh (zbcÛÁm) kfWjDID (iamfB-nfsi[). kf zhkvsBv Lfvfhfdrj ƒdkrfn hf kfvDJ zbcnfsv dhbA²À jvf rqdb, kfv zdLjfvW jfsvf sbƒ.

mrfb zfïfr jcvzfb nQv[sBv lfdqk¶W dbsuƒ dbsqsYb. nckvfQ rfsIposBv hcsj-hcsj kf nQvd[k rsk Kfjt. vfnCtcïfr � jcvzfb


18

18

duhvDstv nfsK icbvfhxdÙ W icbvfstfybf jvskb. uDhsbv swN vmpfsb dkdb lcƒhfv icbvfhxdÙ jsvsYb. (hcJfvD 4997-4998bQ)

jcvzfb ifsE nfrfhfosBv mksHslv nmq ndEj Ifqnftf dlsq jcvzfbsj dhðÝ vfJstb. zstZdjj jcvzfb zstZdjjHfshƒ ncvd[k W zdhjxk Kfjt.

dtdJk jcvzfbÈdtsj nhGiaKm JtDIf zfhC hfjXv dnÜDj � umf jsvb. kxkDq JtDIf …Nmfb dhb zfIXIfb � n¹xdk²¿ jcvzfb zbcnfsv oa§¿fjfsv nQjtb jsvb ˆhQ dhd[åHfsh Kfjf jcvzfsbv zQwÈdt icdVsq slWqf rq. k]fv ˆƒ nQjtb ˆJsbf msõfv pflcOsv nQvd[k zfsY.

ðv¢sk j¶cvzfsb bcj¶k¶fr dYt bf. iVfv ncdhLfsKG j¶cvzfsb bcj¶k¶fr tfdosqsYb zfhct zfnWqfl lczftD. spmb kfsk rvjk (spv-phv-siw)W dYt bf. kfsk nhGiaKm rvjk iasqfo jsvb rfÏfu dhb ƒ…ncI.

jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY sjb?

jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY iVf W kfv dbslGwfbcpfqD uDhb idvyftbf jvfv ubA.

dwsjGv zájfv lCvDHck j'sv mrfb zfïfrv kWrDslv zfstf dh¤Ycdvk jvfv ubA.

mrfb zfïfrv ˆjmfÛ msbfbDk äDb iadkôf W ncvd[k vfJfv ubA. mfbcsNv ëf§À dhw¶fn zisbflb W ndEj dhw¶fn iadk²¿fib jvfv ubA. dkdb mfbh-lfbhsj nxdó jsvsYb, k]fv ƒhflskv ubA, snƒ ƒhflskv

iÝdk hfkst slWqfv ubA. iChhkGD ƒntfm LmG W kfv djkfsh sp idvhkGb nQnfdLk rsqsY, kfsk

nkjG jvfv ubA. mfbshv n©mfb W zdLjfv bAfqHfsh iadkôf jvfv ubA. ƒr-ivjfst mfbcNsj ncJD uDhsbv náfb slWqfv ubA. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}9:5�6s9e6��6وG8�6~89��9:8�9و�JK��q�.8DE��5266��6#5sG>0x��HمD��|6DV�ْ�8אY6U6��6̂و 9�8�6~�6#5sG>?68�6م�6و]��JP�8&67�ْ��9א��


19

19

68]6#�5+�5��f/]J9��X5��5(HG67�ْא�f/]J�א��r#|��# )��٧(}א��X5��J5�Hو9�6 �ªˆHfsh zfdm skfmfv iadk zfvhD HfNfq jcvzfb zrD jsvdY; pfsk

kcdm nkjG jvsk ifv mÄfhfnDslvsj ˆhQ Wv zfswifswv hfdn¦lfsj, zfv nkjG jvsk ifv umfsqk rWqfv dlb (djqfmk) n©isjG, pfsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ; sndlb ˆjlt ufâfsk iashw jvsh ˆhQ ˆjlt iashw jvsh ufrfâfsm.« (wCvf } 7)

}6X5~وD�6و�HX9�JK6א�s6m�>8.نDV�ْא�RDe6#5s�D��5+52�Y6U6�69و�62��8RD1HG�59��66̂%%6̂ 8�9��8�DE��6&H�JK�6�>m�f+9�JK�f%5~و6א�X5GH�JK6و�f�}J62��H&=U�6ن�DeJ8r>?{)א��م)��١٩� �

ªˆƒ jcvzfb zfmfv dbje siadvk rsqsY spb skfmfslvsj ˆhQ pfv dbje ˆde si]ZYsh kfslvsj ˆ äfvf zfdm nkjG jdv. skfmvf dj nf[A lfW sp, zfïfrv nsÌ zbA sjfb …ifnA zfsY?' ht, `zfdm sn nf[A dlƒ bf.' ht, `dkdbƒ skf ˆjj …ifnA ˆhQ skfmvf sp zQwD ²¿fib jv, kf rsk zfdm dbdGtGå.« (‚bX‚m } 19)

}8%9V9�6��6وG�ْH6-�X56א��s6m�J8.نDV�ْوْא�א>oeHs6�5��6U6و�>%]Jj6]8R>m�onJKא�q#�Dl>�{)א��# )��٤١�א� �ªˆƒ jcvzfsb hù jKfƒ ‚dm hfvhfv (dhdHâHfsh) dhhxk jsvdY, pfsk

kfvf …islw oarB jsv; dj§Â kfsk kfslv dhmcJkfƒ hxdÝ ifq.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 41)

}�6U��6G�ْ6j8�9��9:8�9�6��68.نDV�ْ��9אV8r605�)�٢�(onJK� ً65e8s6?�8Y6&5��6]��6r�8b)�٣�(�ً�]Jj�G6?��8Y�H&5U��6/�9�6u��W+��# )�٤(�}אْ��


20

20

ªzfdm ˆ jtAfBmq oa§¿ skfmfv iadk zhkDBG jsvdY, pfsk mfbcN ˆv zfqfknmCr zbcLfhb jsv ˆhQ hcdÝmfb hAdÙÁoB oarB jsv …islw.« (n¶fl } 29)

}�6G�ْ6j�9�6�9:8�9و�JK�6eْ=s��6אY=�6�>05��HG�5�J��6سU�6ل=j>��8RĴ 8�9�JK�8R>̂ o�6�9�6ون�6و>o19l606]�{)�٤٤�(�,G�א� �ªskfmfv iadk jcvzfb zhkDBG jsvdY, pfsk kcdm mfbcNsj ±ióHfsh

hcdUsq lfW, pf kfslv iadk zhkDBG jvf rsqsY ˆhQ pfsk kfvf dy§Àf-oshNBf jsv.« (bfrXt } 44)

}8�DE�>+9�Hj6��>6|�وG6U.�|q%>m6�5��Y5U�H#9:=2�=/6,אْ�DV%&�ْ5�{�ªkcdm ht, `skfmfv iadkiftsjv dbje rsk duhaf„t nkAnr jcvzfb zhkDBG jsvsY, pfvf dhw¶fnD kfslvsj lxP iadkdôk jvfv ubA ˆhQ kf

zfk¹nmiGBjfvDslv ubA iKdbslGw W ncnQhfl öv™i.« (bfrXt } 102) }6�>m�}5so�ل]��9�6��5M5%8�6��Z_�6].�Z_�6G=�62�RD16FJ8b>�5��6Y=U�5_�6&D��9א�JK�J#�pG�א�HنJK6��6و+�o��א�8RD152�fو�>z69��fR�5~H#{)א'%[%��# )��٩� �

ªdkdbƒ kf]v hf¦lfv iadk nc±ió zfqfknmCr zhkDBG jsvb, skfmfslvsj nm²À iajfv zájfv rsk zfstfsj zfbfv ubA. zfv dbÇyq zfïfr skfmfslv iadk jv¢Bfmq; ivm lqftc.« (rflDl } 9)

}8%9E�66لj�9��>+o��8אRD18�9�JKא�qeْ5�١٠(ذ(��ً�>�H#��D�806]�8RD18�9�6��5_�6].�5+o��א�Z_�6G=�6�>U�6جJ8b>�x��6Y]5so�א��[+��q,5و�52�8�6&8�6]6��Y5U8t>]�5+oو�Y6U6א�JK�J#�pG��9&�6_5א��6Y5U�Dא�!�H��6,5_�5و5&6�6��Dא�.G6U#�6̂ 8�9̀ �6u��6̂��6Y]5%5אْ� �q%629��8%9E�6Y6א��58~9��>+�o��9+


21

21

8R>̂ H26#�HR>S�>5�6?�8R>m>د�D�>F�8R>̂ >2�D�DE6��9و�JK�Jeْ5�5ذ+o��9:5א�6|�ذ6%>m�5+o��5%8̂{�א 6]�5+52�8Y6U��6r�6]��Y�6U6و�8�5�8�>]�>+o��9++o��א��6ًc6U��Wً6א5-��q&�5V608�>U��9�6�6�8وX606�8G6F�56אطĴ&��6�


22

22

yfs¤Y, kJbƒ sn zfrhfb j'sv htsY, `nhGbfw srfj skfmfv! lcqfsvv ilGf Jcstf bf. jfvB Jctstƒ kcdm kfsk iashw j'sv pfsh.'

nvt iK rt ƒntfm. …¦mcÙÁ lvufnmCr rt zfïfrv rfvfmjxk h²ÂnmCr. iafyDv W ilGfnmCr rt zfïfrv dbLGfdvk nDmfsvJf. isKv swN mfKfq zfrhfqj rt jcvzfb. …isvv zfrhfqj rt iaskAj mcndtsmv r™lsq zfïfrv zfrhfqj.« (zfrmfl 17634, dkvdmpD 2859, bfnfƒv jchvf 11233, rfsjm 245, n} ufsm' 3887bQ)�

mrfoa§¿ zft-jcvzfsbv mfrfk¹A

jcvzfsbv ˆjfdLj bfm mrfoa§¿ zft-jcvzfb mfrfk¹AiCBG ˆjde LmGoa§¿. kfv dhwft mfrfk¹A

dhjdwk rq kfv ˆjfdLj bfsm. dpdb pk hV rb, k]fv bfm kk shdw rq. spmb k]fv ncbfm hxdÝ ifq,

skmdb bfsmv nQJAfW hxdÝ sisk Kfsj. hfQtf HfNfsk spmb y¦û W nCspGv bfm zsbj, skmdb zfvhD HfNfsk hfsOv bfm zsbj.

wvDqsk mrfb zfïfrv bfm zsbj. skmdb k]fv diaq bhD �-ˆv bfmW zsbj.

bfmfhtD ˆj hf ˆjfdLj ÈB W ³hdwsóAv iadk ƒdÌk jsv. bfm sjht idvdydkv ubA bq, kfv nfsK udVsq Kfsj hù mrÙ¶ W mfrfk¹A.

pfv ÈB pk shdw, k]fv bfm kk shdw. ˆj-ˆjef ÈB zbcnfsv jcvzfsbv bfmjvB rsqsY …tfmfosBv dbje.

j¶cvzfsbv dhdHâ bfm } Icvjfb (rj W hfdkstv mfsU ifKGjAjfvD), djkfh (oa§¿), ùlf (iK-dbslGwj), bCv (suAfdk), vfrmfr (jv¢Bf), dpjXv (…islw), kfbpDt (zhkDBG) iaHxdk. kfv ÈBfhtDW zsbj. zfmvf zfofmDsk kfv bfm W ÈBfhtD zLAqb jsv kfv mfrfk¹A ufbfv syóf jvh ƒb wfzfïfr.


23

23

jcvzfb zfïfrv jftfm

jcvzfsbv mfrfsk¹Av ubA ˆkecjc psKó sp, jcvzfb zfïfrv jftfm, mrfb naófv hfBD. mrfb zfïfr kf hstsYb, duhvDt kf ðsbsYb, dkdb kf dbsq swNbhD �-ˆv dbje zhkDBG rsqsYb, swNbhD � k]fv dbje sKsj ðsbsYb W n¹xdk²¿ jsvsYb.

ˆ jcvzfb mrfb zfïfrv zhkDBG hfBD. ˆ hfBD k]fv dnIfk hf ÈB. kf sjfb nxdó bq. kfsh„ zfmXv dhb lDbfv hstsYb,

)ke#س��د�G�א�sGU��(G�ن��V]�:�$/�א�א��Uو�Mق��א��ن� .V�م�وא�e��).و�j��Fא$ �

zKGf{, zfdm 70 hYv sKsj stfjslvsj sisqdY, k]fvf htskb, `zfïfrƒ naóf. dkdb YfVf nh nxó. zfv jcvzfb zfïfr zfpXpf zufïfv jftfm (hfBD).' (dn} nrDrfr 3/241)

jcvzfb sp zfïfrv hfBD, kf jcvzfsb ˆjfdLj ufqofq …dïdJk rsqsY. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�f%6~9��6Y5U�6وJK6ن�8{5eJ8r>&�ْא�6#�67608>�9א�>M85F9̀9��H06~�6P6&8��)٦:�א�2�0)�(}�א��9e�5+o��9م�6[6 �ªzQwDhflDslv msLA sj… skfmfv jfsY zfwaq iafKGbf jvst kcdm kfsj

zfwaq lfW, pfsk sn zfïfrv hfBD wcbsk ifq. zk}iv kfsj kfv dbvfil ²¿fsb siZ]sY lfW. kf ˆ ubA sp, kfvf zÎ stfj.« (kfWhfr } 6)

k]fv hfBD nkA, dkdb sp njt Jhv dlsqsYb, kf nkA. k]fv hfBD bAfqnÌk, njt dhLfsb zfsY bAfq W ƒbnfsIv bDdk. dkdb hstsYb,

�(١١٥)�{�>R��5�6��ْא��>P�5&H�{و9e�8kH&6?6��Eً8%5-�9:=26#�>k6&5وU�on�nً8%6�6�6G6U�89��6نx�62D��6�9م�9e�X=26#.((� �ªˆmb stfj dj sj… sbƒ, sp zfmfsj nsÌ dbsq kfv sofsÛv jfsY pfsh.


24

24

spsrkc jcvfƒw zfmfsj zfmfv iadkiftsjv hfBD iayfv jvsk hfLf lfb jsvsY.« (zfrmfl 15192, zfhC lf†l 4736, dkvdmpD 2925, ƒhsb mfufr 201bQ)

dkdb kfwfrùl hf Jckhfsk htskb, ))>Y6�8~9��J�9م�91��9مY6��J}8%6̂و9�6~8 �)).و6�6�6��6Ro��5+8�9א��6-�>+o�8%6m�Z%H&6,>U��o{+H�JK�>8�9لV9�6�


25

25

ªwqkfb kf dbsq zhkvB jsvdb. Wvf ˆ jfsuv spfoA bq ˆhQ ˆv nfmKAGW vfsJ bf. zhwAƒ Wslvsj wahB sKsj lCsv vfJf rsqsY. (ðzf'vf } 210-212)

ˆ hfBD wqkfsbv rst, kf ifE jvfv iCshG wqkfb sKsj zfwaq iafKGbfv dbslGw slWqf rskf bf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

JO9��6_�ْ6ذ6א{9E�68.نDV�ْ��9�8אs5�608��5+d��52�6Y5U�J�98ن�Hr�א�JR�5FH�א�G,��# )��٩٨(}א� �ªpJb kcdm jcvzfb ifE (jvfv ƒ¤Yf) jvsh, kJb zdHwå wqkfb

rsk zfïfrv zfwaq iafKGbf jv.« (bfrXt } 98) zfsvf ˆj swaBDv mfbcsNv LfvBfsj Jàb jsvsYb mrfb zfïfr, pfvf

LfvBf jvk, sjfb jdh-nfdrdkAj mcrf©mfl �-sj dw[f slq. pfvf htk,

8�9E�JلR9�8�6��8R>̂ H�9��6ن�D��DV6]��6&H�JK�>+>&x�6�>]�f6r62�>�6ن�x��}5s�o�,�5%


26

26

}�6U6و�>M�6G8&o�6��68�=r��6אU6و�X5{6�G6]�>+9��8نJK�6�>m��o�JK�feْ5ذ�f8.نDE6و�f5�pU�{)�٦٩�( #��]� �ªzfdm kfsj (vnCtsj) jdhkf dwJfƒdb ˆhQ ˆ kfv is[ swfHbDqW

bq. ˆ skf sjht ˆj …islw ˆhQ nc±ió jcvzfb.« (ƒqfnDb } 69) �9ٍم��9E�>��6{89��Dْא�8�62{8~9��J�62�>M6א

m�f8.نDV�ْ6|��9ن�א60lْ>]�Y5U�JدF6#�>%]J�[�9e�>%>�8�6ن9��8RDeH%>!6]��H&6��6ن�[<8RDe>z�62.א��D��9E6��6وU�6m6אs��o�JK�:�ْJK�|q60lْpU�6�9لE6�6وY]5so�وא�א>9l9e��=/�6,�ْ5��H&9��8R>m��6F�8نJK6א��s�6m��o�JK�f8,5��f5�pU{)�٤٣�( #��`��

ªˆslv dbje pJb zfmfv nc±ió zfqfknmCr zfhxdÙ jvf rq, kJb ˆvf hst, `ˆ skf snƒ hAdÙÁƒ, sp skfmfslv iChGicv¢N pfv …ifnbf jvk kfv …ifnbfq hfLf dlsk yfq.' ˆvf zfvW hst, `ˆ (jcvzfb) skf dmKAf …ßfhb hAkDk djYc bq.' zfv nkA iakAfJAfbjfvDslv dbje pJb nkA zfsn kJb kfvf hst, `ˆ skf ˆj nc±ió pflc.« (nfhf' } 43)

`jcvzfb mcrf©mfslv vybf'---ˆƒ ns¦lr pfsk bf rq, kfv ubAƒ mrfbhD �-sj dbv[v vfJf rsqdYt. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�6U6�6وkGDe��D�806?�Y5U�5+5�8�9E�Y5U�Z"�605e��9�6و�>+>b6?�9:5G�5&6�52א�qذJK�6"�6?8#�o��6ن�D�58�>&�ْ�٤٨(}א�(ªkcdm skf ˆv iCshG sjfb oa§¿ ifE jvsk bf ˆhQ kf dbu rfsk dtJskW bf sp, dmKAfhflDvf (kf slsJ) ns¦lr sifNB jvsh.« (zfbjfhCk } 48)


27

27

mcrf©mfl zfïfrv bfsm hfBD vybf jvsh? snef zfdm zfïfr rsk slh sjb?

�9E9̀و6��6¢8�62�J�]J�H�9V6?��6G8�9ل�6و6�8�9{ ��J)��٤٤(אْ�5&6��ْ��52�>+�8G5U��6�8s6u9�)٤٥�(��>+�8G5U��6G8�99V9��HR�>S�6�א'�E)��# �)�٤٧(}�6Y]Jj5F�6~�>+8G6��Z%6~9��8Y5U�8RD18G5U��6&9)�٤٦(אْ��6?5 �

ªsn pdl zfmfv bfsm djYc vybf j'sv yftfsk syóf jvk. ksh zhwAƒ zfdm kfv Ffb rfk Lsv sItkfm ˆhQ sjse dlkfm kfv uDhb-LmbD. zk}iv skfmfslv msLA ˆmb sj… sbƒ sp kfsj v[f jvsk ifvk.« (rf-Äfr } 44-47)

ˆ mrfoa§¿ mcrf©mfslv vybf rsk pfsh sjb? ˆ sp mrfb naófv nxdó vybfv hù iCshGƒ `tWsr mfrICp'-ˆ dtdihÝ dYt.

}8�62�6�>m�f8.نDE�f%�57HU)�٢١�(X5��ٍ8�9��Z£�Dl8,HU{)¤وج��# )��٢٢�א� �ªhvQ ˆef soZvhfd¦hk jcvzfb. nQvd[k Itsj dtdihÝ.« (hcv¢u }

21-22) ˆhQ pfv jKf iChGhkGD zfnmfbD djkfshW …dïdJk zfsY. mrfb zfïfr

hstsYb, }>+H�JK6و�>�]JjG609��="6#�6

+H�JK6و�X5l9��J�ز


28

28

jcvzfb nshGfÙm hfBD

ˆ dhw¶uosk pk hfBD zfsY, kfv msLA nhsysq nc¦lv, nhsysq …Ùm hfBD rt nxdójkGfv hfBD. hvQ k]fv hfBD zkctbDq W ziadkä¦äD. nxdóv nfsK naófv spmb sjfb kctbf rq bf, skmdb nxdóv hfBDv nfsK naófv hfBDv sjfb kctbfƒ rq bf.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }>+o��ل�6אHj6��6Y6��q2�605e��q̂אْ�,5%6[9��5~8 52�6r60pU�6X5��6cHU�p5�6rVْ6?�>+8G5U��>د��D�>F��6Y]5s�o�8�6ن��6אr�8b6]�8R>̂ H26#�HR>S�>5�6?�8R>m>د�D�>F�8R>̂ >2�D�DE6��9و�JK�Jeْ5�5ذ+o��9:5א�6|�ذ6%>m�5+o��5%8̂{�א 6]�5+52�8Y6U��6r�6]��Y�6U6و�8�5�8�>]�>+o��9+


29

29

spsrkc sn hfBDsk vsqsY nkjGhfkGf, Lmj W wfd²Àv HDdk-ialwGb. kfsk vsqsY zfwf W stfH. m¦l jfu jvfv Ist wfd²Àv Hq ˆhQ Hfstf jfu jvfv Ist iadklfsbv zfwf W stfH.

mrfbhD � kfwfrùl hf Jckhfsk htskb, ))>Y6�8~9��J�9م�91��9مY6��J}8%6̂و9�6~8 �)).و6�6�6��6Ro��5+8�9א��6-�>+o�8%6m�Z%H&6,>U��o{


30

30

zfïfrv iadkwa¢dk nkA. zfv sj zfsY zfïfr zsi[f zdLj nkAhflD?« (dbnf } 122)

htf hfùtA, mrfb zfïfrv slWqf Jhv nkA, k]fv htf jKf nkA. hvQ nkAkfv nshGf¤y dwJsv k]fv hfBD. k]fv hfBD zsmfO W zhAKG. k]fv dhhvsBv nhefƒ nshGf¤y ipGfsqv rj. kfƒ sp jKf k]fv jKfv dhivDk kf dmKAf, sp dhw¶fn k]fv dhhvsBv dhsvfLD kf hfdkt ˆhQ sp dhLfb k]fv slWqf dhLfsbv idvi§¿D kf znkA. sp LfvBf k]fv hqfsbv dhivDk, kf zhf²Àh.

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, }8kH&6?6و�>k6&5�9e�9:=26#��Eً8%5-�nً8%6�6و�on�J6%=ل�>U�5+5?�6&5�915��6�>m6و�>P�5&H��)��١١٥(}אْ��6�R�5+d��5&�ْאن�.ل)��٩٥(}א&�� ªht, `zfïfr nkA hstsYb.' nckvfQ skfmvf ˆjdbô ƒhafrDsmv LmGflwG

zbcnvB jv ˆhQ sn zQwDhflDslv ltHcÙÁ dYt bf.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 95) mrfbhD � k]fv Jckhfv ðv¢sk jJsbf jJsbf htskb,

))�HU9��>%8�62�HنJO9��6,6%5[9��5-8%6ق��605"U{


31

31

jcvzfb nhGswaô jKfmxk

ufshv � hstb, pJb vfnCtcïfr � HfNB dlskb, kJb kf]v y[cäq tft rsq spk ˆhQ kf]v zfWqfu …]yc rk W kf]v sÛÁfL jdEb v™i LfvB jvk. spb dkdb (wÛ¢) snbf sKsj HDdk ialwGb jvsYb. dkdb htskb, ª(sn wÛ¢) skfmfslv …iv njfst zKhf náAfq rfmtf jvsk ifsv.« zfv dkdb kf]v kuGbD W mLAmf zfÌctäq dmdtk j'sv htskb sp, ªzfmfsj ˆhQ djqfmksj ˆ lc'dev mk (jfYfjfdY) ifEfsbf rsqsY.« zfv dkdb htskb,

))��>}8%�6m�J}8%�9¦�6�6אu6�605"


32

32

ˆhQ iasqfusbƒ kfv dbslGw vdrk rsq sosY. ˆJfsb zfmfslv zfstfyA dhNq rt zbA zsKG `mcrjfm'. pfv zKG } ncNm, nclxP, ncnÌk, ncnmÓn, ncnQrk, hdtô, ncdbicB, muhck W ifjfsifÙÁ.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }��# ��mد)��١(}�Rٍ�516~�ٍ5�6u�9%


33

33

jcvzfbD hfjAfhtDsk spmb ifsiv s[sÛ HDdkialwGb, dkvõfv W wfd²Àv Lmj zfsY, skmdb icsBAv s[sÛ iadklfsbv zfwflfb zfsY. kfsk zfsY zfslw W …islw, pfv äfvf mfbcN iajxk mfbcN rsk ifsv.

jcvzfsbv hfjAfhtDsk ˆjƒ Oebfv icbvfhxdÙv s[sÛ sjfb iv±iv-dhsvfdLkf ifWqf pfq bf. zsbj s[sÛ ˆj ²¿fsbv dhhvB zbA ²¿fsbv n©iCvj rsq Kfsj.

ˆ rt ncmrfb iadkiftsjv dbje sKsj zhkDBG. ˆsk zfsY njt dhNsqv ncnfmÓnA W ncdbicBkf. ˆv dhdL-dhLfsb zfsY yCVf§À ipGfsqv mfbdhjkf, bAfqivfqBkf W ncdhyfv.

}8Y6U6و�>Y6�8~9��6Y5U�5+d��א��q&1ْ>~8�9ٍم�Vx��6ن�>G5E�>]{)א��% ��# )��٥٠� �ªzfv Jf]de dhÇhfnD n©ialfsqv ubA dhyfsv zfïfr zsi[f sj

swaôkv?« (mfdqlfr } 50) jcvzfb äDsbv nhdjYcv dhwl dhhvBD-oa§¿

mrfoa§¿ zft-jcvzfsb vsqsY äDb W lcdbqfv iasqfubDq nhdjYcv dhwl dhhvB. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}f"�605e�8k9�=!D��>+>?�6].��q�.8DE��526��!��k��# )��٣(}[8�6�9&?�6].�X5&678�9�9��X526��5��8��DE��6��>m��6Y]5s�oو6�6G5U8t>]�X5��8RĴm��9l5�6m6�8وRĴ 8�9�6��q&6��9:59�8وD��6�6د6و8نG>]�Y5U��!��k��# )��٤٤(}�91HU�Z%�5�62ٍن �

ªzfdm pdl zbfvhD HfNfq jcvzfb zhkDBG jvkfm, kfrst Wvf zhwAƒ htk, `ˆv zfqfkÈdt (shfLomA HfNfq) dhhxk rqdb sjb? jD zfÇypG sp, ˆv HfNf zbfvhD zKy vnCt zfvhD!' ht, dhw¶fnDslv ubA ˆ iKdbslGwj W hAfdLv iadkjfv. dj§Â pfvf zdhw¶fnD kfslv jsBG vsqsY


34

34

hdLvkf ˆhQ jcvzfb rsh ˆslv ubA zájfvöv™i. ˆvf ˆmb sp, spb ˆslv hù lCv rsk zfrhfb jvf rq.« (rf-mDm nfulfr } 44)

5�6u�Rٍ�516~�89%S�>+>?�6].�8k6&518~D��f"�605e�ٍ)د)�١�m� �ªˆ (jcvzfb) ˆmb oa§¿ pfv zfqfkÈdt muhck (ncdhbA²À) jvf rsqsY,

zk}iv dhwlHfsh hBGbf jvf rsqsY iaÎfmq, mrfÎfkf (zfïfr)v i[ rsk.« (rCl } 1)

}68�6{9�9��5+d��א�X5{60829��q&916~�6�>m65{��وs�o�6ل��6אj�6�9��>RD18��9�JK��6"��6051�ًْ��א�H!�9l>U��6Y]5s�o�و6א�.�>R>m��6G8�6?��ْ�52�9�Hj6G>U�Y=U�9:=2H#�=/6,لH�9��f+


35

35

}8%9V9��6�9نe�X5��8RĴ 5!6!9E� 68�5��X5�8وD̀ x��5"�6��ْ9��6א�U�6�9نe��qc]5%6~�|660lْ>]�Y519�65{�?6!8%5[/�6وso�א�6Y8�62�5+8]6%6]�6��5!lْ6?6و�H�De�Z�8X6��|q%>m68�9ٍم�و6#6~8&6ً)�وVx��6ن�>G5U8t>]{)�١١١�( #��©��]� �

ªkfslv jfdrbDsk ÎfbD hAdÙÁslv ubA zfsY dw[f. êf ˆmb hfBD; pf dmKAf vybf bq, hvQ êf iChGhkGD djkfshv nkAfqbjfvD, nm²À djYcv dhwl dhhvB ˆhQ dhw¶fnD n©ialfsqv ubA iK-dbslGw W jv¢Bf.« (ƒ…ncI } 111)�

jcvzfb rt nh djYcv ±ió hAfJAf-oa§¿

ˆƒ j¶cvzfb rt, mcndtsmv äDb-lcdbqfv iasqfubDq njt djYcv njt djYcv hAfJAf-oa§¿. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�6G�ْHj6�6�9:8�9و��6051"6��6�אْ��q��6�8�5?�=�D1x��Z�8X6��|q%>m66|��و6#6~8&�6)ً��و8r�>26��6و5&5�8��>&�ْ5�{)�٨٩�(ªzfdm skfmfv iadk djkfh zhkDBG jsvdY iaskAj dhNsqv ±ió hAfJAf öv™i ˆhQ zfk¹nmiGBjfvD (mcndtm)slv ubA, iKdbslGw, jv¢Bf W ncnQhfl öv™i.« (bfrXt } 89)

…ÙÁ zfqfkdev zKG iCshGfÙÁ zfqfknmCsrv jfYfjfdY. klbv™i zoa W ivhkGD dwsvfbfsmv zfqfkÈdtW iafq ˆjƒ zKG hrb jsv.

�6و95�8�6U6)�و�|q%>m6�x��HGس�6�62�Jن6s6m�fא{5VH0>&�ْx�{)אن�.ل��# )��١٣٨&�� ªˆ mfbhufdkv ubA ±ió hAfJAf zfv LmGHDv¢slv ubA isKv dlwfvD W

…islw.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 138) mrfb zfïfr zbAÛ hstsYb,

}�HU��6GWْH9��X5��5"�6051�א�Y5U�Z�8X6�{)א��م��# )��٣٨� �ªzfdm djkfsh sjfb djYc dtdihÝ jvsk Û¢de jdvdb.« (‚bX‚m } 38) ˆj zsKG …ÙÁ zfqfkdeW zfmfslv zfstfyA dhNqsj nmKGb jsv. dj§Â

iaw´ zfsn, iaskAj dudbn hf nh djYc htsk jD hcUfsbf rsqsY? ˆv …Ùsv …tfmfoB dhdHâ jKf hstsYb, `äDsbv mcJA W soZB dhNqfhtD,

ƒr-ivjfst mfbcsNv iasqfubDq dhNqfhtDv nh djYc.' ƒhsb zfdk¶qAfr hstsYb, `mfbcsNv ubA …ijfvD njt dhNq ˆhQ

drlfqfskv njt i§¿f.' ìaskAj dudbn htsk wvDqsk zfmfslv njt iasqfubDq dudbn. spmb rftft-rfvfm, lczf, HDdkialwGb ƒkAfdl.'


36

36

zsbsj hstsYb, `skfmfslv drlfqfskv ubA lvjfvD sjfb dudbn hqfb jvsk hfjD vfdJdb.'

smfejKf, ˆ mrfoas§¿ mfbcsNv äDb-lcdbqfv iasqfubDq njt djYcv dhhvB hkGmfb zfsY. zfjDlf, zfrjfm, ƒhflk, zfk¹fðdÝ, n¤ydvÛkf, zflfb-ialfb, mfbcsNv ƒdkrfn, zlxwA uoskv hù Jhv, ivjfstv uDhb iaHxdkv Jc]debfde vsqsY ˆsk.

zhwA djYcv dhhvB zfsY, pf isvf[Hfsh vfnCtcïfr mfvI{ slWqf rsqsY. zKhf dj¶qfn hf ƒumf' äfvf dhhxk rsqsY, pf zfnst jcvzfsbvƒ isvf[ dhLfb.

vnCt �-ˆv rflDn jcvzfsbv hAfJAf. snƒ hAfJAfW jcvzfsbv dhLfb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�6G�ْ6j�9�6�9:8�9و�JK�6eْ=s��6אY=�6�>05��Jس�HG�5��6U�6ل=j>��8RĴ 8�9�JK�8R>̂ o�6�9�6ون�6و>o19l606]�{)�٤٤�(�,G�א� �ª±ió iamfB W oa§¿nr. zfv skfmfv iadk jcvzfb zhkDBG jsvdY, pfsk

kcdm mfbcNsj ±ióHfsh hcdUsq lfW, pf kfslv iadk zhkDBG jvf rsqsY ˆhQ pfsk kfvf dy§Àf-oshNBf jsv.« (bfrXt } 44)

jcvzfb vnCt �-sj mfbcsNv zflwG hfdbsqsYb, }8%9V9��6�9نe�8RD19��X5��J�5#6�F86]�6+o��8��6م��6א��6و6אْ5uw��ْ��6א�9e6و6ذ�6+o��א�אq5c9e{)א"��# )��٢١j~א��

ªskfmfslv msLA pfvf zfïfr W ivjftsj Hq jsv ˆhQ zfïfrsj zdLj ±mvB jsv, kfslv ubA vfnCtcïfrv (ydvsÛv) msLA …Ùm zflwG vsqsY.« (‚rXpfh } 21)�

jcvzfsbv sOfNBf rt, }8�DEن�JK�8R>0GDe�6ن�p�5,>?�6+d��א�X5��>�5�H?�9��>RD18�5�8,>]��>+�d��8א�5l8{6]6��8وR�D19��8RD162��>�>ذ��>+�d��و6א��f#��Dl9�

H#fR�5~{)אن�.ل��# )��٣١&�� ªht, `skfmvf pdl zfïfrsj Hfthfn, kfrst zfmfv zbcnvB jv.

Ist zfïfr skfmfslvsj Hfthfnshb ˆhQ skfmfslv zivfLnmCr [mf jvshb. h²Âk} zfïfr zkA§À [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 31)

zfv mrfbhD � hstsYb,


37

37

�»9n9��=�JK�>k�5?وD��6"�6051�ْ9+F6#�>�6�8�6��9ن�5091+6��5]J#9��>ل�DV6]�8RD18�9�6��6s6̂א 52�J8.نDV�ْ9��8&��6אR>?8%6F6�5��8+�5وY5U9ٍل��6~�>M��5~9̀9��6U6�8وR>?8%6F6�5��8+�5وY5U6אٍم�6~�>M�>U=6,9��...9n��HنK6��6وU�6مĤل�>�H�8RDe�6̂وs>b9��6U6̂ 60��9�{)�٧�( #��r'א� �� zKGf{, vnCt skfmfslvsj pf(v dbslGw) slq kf oarB (W iftb) jv

ˆhQ pf dbsNL jsv kf rsk dhvk Kfj.« (nCvf rfwXv 7 zfqfk)� …s©m ƒqfjCh htt, `zhwAƒ isVdY.' ƒhsb mn†l � htstb,

`kfrst swfb, dkdb ‰ jfu jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb.' mdrtfde htt, `dj§Â


38

38

zfibfv idvhfvsj skf ‰ jfu jvsk slsJdY.' ƒhsb mn†l � htstb, `zf¤Yf kcdm dosq slJ skf.'

mdrtfde k]fv hfdV dosq dbu lfhD zbcpfqD djYcƒ slJsk sit bf. idvswsN ƒhsb mn†l � kfsj htstb, `pdl kfƒ rk kfrst zfdm kfv nfsK nrhfn (hf nrfh²¿fb)ƒ jvkfm bf.' (hcJfvD 4886bQ, mcndtm 2125bQ, zfnrfsh ncbfb)

ˆ ubAƒ ƒmfm zfWpfqD hstsYb, ªzfdm skfmfv iadk djkfh zhkDBG jsvdY iaskAj dhNsqv ±ió hAfJAf öv™i.« (bfrXt } 89) zKGf{, ncâfr äfvf.

ˆjde …lfrvB dlst dhNqde zfsvf ±ió rsq …Esh. ˆjub oxröfmD nIsv pfWqfv zfso kfv sYst-smsqslvsj dhswN zfslw-…islw jvt }

ziasqfusb hfdVv hfƒsv jfefsh bf. ˆwfv isv hfdV dIsv zfnsh. ndEj nmsq bfWqf-JfWqf jvsh, õcst pfsh. hfdVv jfsu zf©mcv nrspfdokf jvsh. efjf-iqnf ziyq jvsh bf. ndEj nmsq ƒstdÅºj W ifdbv dht dmdesq slsh. sJtfLCtfq nmq bó jvsh bf. pKfnmsq bfmfp iVsh. smrmfb ˆst kfv n©mfb jvsh. skfmfslv zf©mcv jKf smsb ytsh. zk}iv n§Àfsbvf pdl dikfv njt zfslw mfbA jsv, kshƒ kf idviCBG

mfbA rsh. dj§Â sj… pdl nm²À zfslw mfbA jsv, dj§Â swsNv zfslwde mfbA bf jsv, kfrst dj sn hfLA n§Àfb Kfjsh? sj… pdl hst, hfhfv nh zfslw mfbh, dj§Â mfsqv zfslw mfbh bf, kfrst dj sn hfhfvW zhfLA rsh bf?

jcvzfbDvf pdl hst, zfmvf sjht jcvzfb mfbh, rflDn mfbh bf, kfrst dj kfslv jcvzfb mfbA jvf rsh?

htf hfùtA, mrfbhD �-ˆv dbslGw iftsbƒ vsqsY jcvzfsbv iCBG zfbcokA. zfv k]fv hAfJAfskƒ vsqsY jcvzfsbv dhwl dhhvB. spsrkc


39

39

dkdbƒ k]fv hAfJAfv mfLAsm ialfb jsvsYb njt Îfsbv idviCBGkf. vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb,

�YU��X��R12��א��Gس��[^�((V]�ªK�(G«א�Re%��]و�YU�#�G�א�nK�%E�R1?U��،+2�

��X��R12و��V]�YU�#�G�א�Re%��]و�YU�(G«א�nK�%E�R10�^��+G�.((� �

ªsr stfj njt! ufâfskv dbjehkGDjfvD ˆhQ ufrfâfm sKsj lCvjfvD ˆmb sjfb dudbn sbƒ, pf zfdm skfmfslvsj jvsk zfslw jdvdb. zfv ufrfâfsmv dbjehkGDjfvD ˆhQ ufâfk sKsj lCvjfvD ˆmb sjfb dudbn sbƒ, pf zfdm skfmfslvsj jvsk dbsNL jdvdb.« (hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 10376, rfsjm 2136, dntdntfr nrDrfr 2866bQ)

�»�6U�>keْ66?��q8�6��H&5U�>RDe66U9��>+o��5+52א�onJK�8%9E6�8وRD1>?86U9��5+52�9n6و��>k�eْ66?��q8��6��H&5U��>RDe��6̂ 6��>+o��8+08�6̂ 6��>+8G6�«�.� �

ªˆmb sjfb dudbn sbƒ, pf zfdm skfmfslvsj zfslw jdvdb, zKy zfïfr skfmfslvsj kf zfslw jsvsYb ˆhQ ˆmb sjfb dudbn sbƒ, pf zfdm skfmfslvsj dbsNL jdvdb, zKy zfïfr skfmfslvsj kf dbsNL jsvsYb.« (hfƒrfj¶D 13825bQ)

nfrfhD zfhC pfvG � hstb, 8%9V9��6G9e66?�f%H&6,>U��o�6-�>+o��5+8�9א�6��6Ro�6�6��6وU6و�D]�f5�9W�5+8�6~�6G6F�X5��5��6&H�JK��6�6��oא�9e89ذ��

>+8G5U��q&�ْ5�.� �`zfïfrv vnCt � zfmfslvsj ˆmb zh²¿fq sYsV sosYb sp, zfjfsw

…V§À ifJDv ƒtXmW zfmfslvsj dlsq sosYb.' (zfrmfl 21361bQ) idvswsN hdt, ªzfdm djkfsh sjfb djYc dtdihÝ jvsk Û¢de jdvdb.«

(‚bX‚m } 38) ˆƒ dhhvsB sj… pdl LfvBf jsv sp, jcvzfsb njt dudbsnv bfm dtdihÝ zfsY, kfrst kfv LfvBf Hct.

ˆjde vdnjkfiCBG iahá isVdYtfm zfvhD ˆj idÛjfsk. nmcû nIsv ˆj äDsbv lf„ utufrfsu hsndYstb. ifsw dYt ˆj iafyAdhlAfdhl zmcndtm idàk. jsKfijKsb rEf{ dkdb iaw´ j'sv hnstb, `zf¤Yf zfdm ðsbdY, zfibfslv jcvzfsb bfdj nh djYcv dhhvB zfsY. ˆ jKf dj


40

40

dEj?' lf„ htstb, `r]Af, dEj.' idàkuD htstb, `kfrst zfmvf sp utufrfsu vsqdY, kfv bfmefW dj jcvzfsb zfsY?'

lf„ ufbskb, k]fv LfvBf Hct ˆhQ k]fv iaw´W Hct. dj§Â …id²¿k hcdÝv nfsK l]fkHfÌf uhfh slWqfv ubA htstb, `r]Af zfsY?'

OebfysÛÁ ufrfudev bfm dYt `jcj'. idàkuD jcvzfsbv zbchfl isVsYb. yeX j'sv zfhfv iaw´ jvstb, sjfKfq zfsY?'

lf„ htstb, `nCvf ucmczfrv 11bQ zfqfsk. zfïfr hstsYb, ªzƒpf vfzfW dkufvfkfb zfW tfrWqfdbbXIfpp¶c ƒtfƒrf zkfvfjcj---«. slJcb swsN `jcj' wè vsqsY!'

idàkuD …Ùsv dbv¢Ùv rsq sostb. zfnst ˆef dYt `spmb jcjcv, skmb mcÈv' iasqfsov uhfh. hAfifvef

kf bq. jcvzfsb nh dudbsnv bfm zfsY, ˆmb LfvBfef Hct ˆhQ ªzfdm djkfsh sjfb djYc dtdihÝ jvsk Û¢de jdvdb«-ˆv …sÜwAW kf bq.

�jcvzfb mrfb zfïfrv nc±ió dblwGb

jcvzfb rt 114de nCvfv nmdóv bfm. zfv ˆjde nCvf rt jkjÈdt zfqfk nmdóv bfm. zfqfskv njt zsKG kf rt hfdqAbfk, ±ió, iafmfdBj, dhhxk ƒkAfdl.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }8%9V9�6و�w6G�ْ6j�9��9:8�9�JK�Z_�6].�Z_�6G=�62��6U6و�>Dl1ْ6]��6̂ 52�onJK�6ن�DV5��9l�ْ�٩٩(}א�( #�� V��א� �

ªzfdm zhwAƒ skfmfv iadk nc±ió dblwGb zhkDBG jsvdY, h²Âk} nkAkAfdooB hAkDk zfv sj…ƒ ˆocdt zmfbA jsv bf.« (hfj¶fvfr } 99)

}9:5�6s9e6و�>M�6G�ْ6j�9��6].Z_�Z_�6G=�62�H�6و9�6ن+o��5%8̂{�א 6]�Y6U�>%]J�א'�¬��# )��١٦(}�[< �ªˆHfshƒ zfdm nc±ió dblwGbv™si Wef zhkDBG jsvdY, zfv dbÇyq

zfïfr pfsj ƒ¤Yf kfsj n{iK ialwGb jsvb.« (rfÏ } 16) }8�62�6�>m�f_�6].�f_�6G=�62�X5��J#�6-


41

41

}6�>m�}5so�ل]��9�6��5M5%8�6��Z_�6].�Z_�6G=�62�RD16FJ8b>�5��6Y=U�5_�6&D��א�JK�9��J#�pG�א�HنJK6��6و+�o��א�8RD152�fو�>z69��fR�5~H#{)א'%[%��# )��٩� �

ªdkdbƒ kf]v hf¦lfv iadk nc±ió zfqfknmCr zhkDBG jsvb, skfmfslvsj nm²À iajfv zájfv rsk zfstfsj zfbfv ubA. zfv dbÇyq zfïfr skfmfslv iadk jv¢Bfmq; ivm lqftc.« (rflDl } 9)

}HنJK�6Y]5so�ون�6אp�6[


42

42

iaskAj mfbcsNv iamfB. nckvfQ }9:5�8̂ 6�x��8Y6U�9:9�6m�Y6��Z(6G=�62��6�8,6]6�8وY6U�HX6~�Y6��Z(6G=�62�HنJK6�6و+d��א�fP�5&6�9��fR��5�6�{)�٤٢�(�א��lل��# �

ªsp sj… L¶Qn rsh, sn spb ±ió iamfsBv dHdÙsk L¶Qn rq ˆhQ sp uDdhk Kfjsh, sn spb ±ió iamfsBv dHdÙsk uDdhk Kfsj. zfv dbÇyq zfïfr nhGswafkf, nhGÎ.« (‚bXIft } 42)

jcvzfb mchDb

mrfoa§¿ zft-jcvzfb mchDb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }8%9E�RDe��6F�6Y=U�5+d��א�f#�>��f"�605e6و�f5�pU)�١٥�(}5%8̂ 6]�5+52�>+d��א�JY6U�6P6�H?6��8א�6+��>��

J9م�H�̂FJ8b>]6و�JY=U�5_�6&D��9א�JK�J#�pG�ذ�5+5�8אJO52�8RĴ ]5%8̂ 6אطJK�Z��9و6[65-��ٍR�5V608��pU�{)�١٦�(ªzhwAƒ skfmfslv dbje zfïfrv dbje rsk suAfdk W nc±ió djkfh ˆsnsY. pfvf zfïfrv n§Âdó tfH jvsk yfq ˆ (suAfdkmGq jcvzfb) äfvf dkdb kfslvsj wfd§Àv isK idvyfdtk jsvb ˆhQ dbu zbcmdkÛÁsm (jcIvDv) zájfv rsk hfv j'sv („mfsbv) zfstfv dlsj dbsq pfb ˆhQ kfslvsj nvt isK idvyfdtk jsvb.« (mfdqlfr } 15-16)

}W�9:�ْ5?�6].>_��J8.نDV�ْא�Z"�605e6و�ٍ5�pU)�١�(|q%>m�|68r>26�6و5G5U8t>&�ْ5�{)�٢�( #��&G�א� �ªk¶f-nDb; ˆÈdt jcvzfb W nc±ió oas§¿v hfjA; dhw¶fnDslv ubA (kf)

iK-dbslGwj ˆhQ ncnQhfl dhswN. (bfmXt } 1-2) `mchDb' mfsb nc±ió, nc±iójfvD. htf hfùtA, ˆ jcvzfb snƒ njt dhNq

mfbh-lfbshv ubA ±ió jsvsY, sp njt dhNsqv kfvf äDb W lcdbqfv ubA mcJfsi[D. ˆsk ±ió jvf rsqsY mrfb naófv nÙf, bfm W ÈBfhtD W jmGfhtDv dhhvB. ˆsk ±ióDjvB jvf rsqsY ƒr-ivjfstv ubA ncJ-wfd§Àv nc¦lv dhLfb, icvõfv W dkvõfv, iadklfb W iadkIt.

nc²¿ dhshjn©iâ …lfv mfbcsNv dbje ˆ mrfoa§¿ ˆk nc±ió W …Ï¶t sp, kf idv°jfv zfjfsw mLAfsrÁv nCspGv mskf. nc±ió kfv zstZdjjkf, nmcÏ¶t kfv nkAkf.


43

43

�jcvzfb hcvrfb

`hcvrfb' mfsb zjfeA iamfB. sp iamfB jfef pfq bf, Jàb jvf pfq bf, vÜ jvf pfq bf, zmfbA jvf pfq bf, zöDjfv jvf pfq bf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�6]��6̂ p]9��>س�HG��8%9אE�RDe��6F�f�6نm8>2�Y=U�8RD1=2H#��6G�ْ6j�9�6�8وRD18�9�JKא�q#�>��qG�5�pU{)�١٧٤�(��G�א� �ªsr mfbh! skfmfslv iadkiftsjv dbje rsk skfmfslv dbje iamfB

ˆsn si]ZsYsY ˆhQ zfdm skfmfslv iadk ±ió suAfdk zhkDBG jsvdY.« (dbnf } 174)

ˆsk zjfeA iamfB vsqsY sp, mrfb naóf rj, vnCt rj ˆhQ jcvzfb rj.

ˆsk vsqsY dhshjoafrA ltDt, …Ýxk-dhhxk-hdBGk ltDt. ˆsk vsqsY iafjxdkj-ufodkj ltDt ˆhQ vsqsY mfbh-slsrv mLAjfv ltDt. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}8RĴ ]J>G6��6G5?�6].�X5��J�9ق�w�ْא�X5�6�9�8وRĴ 5�Dl��H06~�6YH�6�606]�8R>̂ 9��>+H�9��p/6,�ْ�8אR9�626=:�9[1ْ6©9��5و52�>+H�9��9�6��=�De�Z�8X6��f%�Ĵ 6�{)�٥٣�( #��k�!��

ªzfdm Wslv ubA zfmfv dblwGbfhtD dhw¶uosk hAÙÁ jvh ˆhQ Wslv dbsuslv msLAW; Ist Wslv dbje ±ió rsq …Esh sp, ˆ (jcvzfb) nkA. ˆ dj psKó bq sp, skfmfv iadkiftj nhGdhNsqv iakA[lwGD?« (rf-mDm nfulfr } 53)

sn iamfB sp-sn iamfB bq, sn iamfB rt dhw¶iadkiftsjv dbje sKsj zfok. ªskfmfslv iadkiftsjv dbje rsk skfmfslv dbje iamfB ˆsn si]ZsYsY.« dpdb skfmfslvsj nxdó j'sv tftb-iftb jvsYb. sjht k]fvƒ ƒhflk jvfv ubA zjfeA ltDt W pcdÙÁ siavB jsvsYb. dhdbmsq dkdb skfmfslvsj nvt iK ialwGb jvshb. ialwGb jvshb shsrwXskv iK. dkdb skfmfslv mÌtjfmD, dkdb skfmfslv njt uDhsb ncJ-öf¤Y¦lA yfb.


44

44

jcvzfb mfbcsNv ltDt; öis[ W dhis[

iaskAj mfbcsNv ˆjde idvyq hf iamfBiÛ Kfsj, kfsk stJf Kfsj kfv idvyq. ˆj slw sKsj zbA slsw sost snƒ idvyq hf iamfBiÛ uv¢vD. mfbcsNv ƒrjft W ivjfstv iamfBiÛ rt jcvzfb. sn sp Hft mfbcN ufâfsk pfsh, kfv iamfB jD? zft-jcvzfb. sn sp Jfvfi mfbcN ufrfâfsm pfsh, kfv iamfB jD? zft-jcvzfb. iaskAj mfbcsNv nfsK zfsY ˆ iamfB. rflDsn mrfbhD � hstsYb,

6ْ#�>̂ �−،�و6�%&9א��6jאن��6،א��D®8&6?�8و6א��−�9و�&H��6א�62��6U��f#�>��D �H!�وא�،J�5و6א�9#8ض_�E%H!�وא�،��f��5�>8�H!�وא�،f�6نm>2�D(�،

8.ن+6�l6��fP�6�96}8%U�89��6̂و.(( ªidhÛkf zsLGj „mfb. zfv `zftrfmlc dtïfr' (djqfmsk sbjDv)

l]fdVifïfsj Hsv slsh ˆhQ `nchrfbfïfr' W `zftrfmlc dtïfr' zfnmfb W pmDsbv mLAd²¿k wCbAkf iCBGgj'sv slq. bfmfp rs¤Y suAfdk. nfljfr rs¤Y iamfB. ³LpG rt zfstf. zfv jcvzfb skfmfv öis[ zKhf dhis[ ltDt. iaskAj hAdÙÁ njft njft öjsmG shv rq ˆhQ kfv zfk¹fv hAhnf jsv. zk}iv sn kfsj (wfd²À sKsj) mcÙÁ jsv zKhf kfsj (zfïfrv vrmk sKsj hdÑk j'sv) dhbfw jsv.« (mcndtm 556bQ)

jcvzfb kfv öis[ iamfB, sp kfsj iamfBiÛ hst smsb sbsh. zfv kfv dhis[ iamfB, sp kfsj zmfbA jvsh.

jcvzfb ifE j'sv snƒ zbcpfqD zfmt jvst, kf mfbcsNv öis[ idvÛfsBv iamfB rsh. zfv zdhw¶fn jvst zKhf ifE bf jvst ˆhQ snƒ zbcpfqD jmG bf jvst, kf mfbcsNv dhis[ L¶Qsnv iamfB rsq l]fVfsh.

mfbcN pdl jcvzfbsj dbsuv öis[ iamfBiÛ drnfsh nsÌ dbsk ifsv, kfrst ufâfskv isK njt syj-isq¦e hf syj-sifs±e sn dbdhGsO´ zdkÛÁm jvsk ifvsh. jhv, mDpfb, ictdnvfk njt ²¿fsbƒ snƒ iamfBiÛ pKfpKHfsh jfsu slsh.

mfbcsNv iaskAj dhhfl-dhnìfslv nmq ùÏk rt jcvzfb. jcvzfb pfv


45

45

öis[ rsh, snƒ rsh dhuqD ˆhQ kfv iadki[ rsh ivfduk. lfhDv ltDt rt jcvzfb. iadkhflDsj ivfHCk jvfv pcdÙÁ rt jcvzfb.

jcvzfb mfbcsNv öis[ ltDt zKhf kfv dhv¢sÝ ltDt. rq …ijfvD, bf rq zijfvD.

Ict sKsj smZmfdY mLc ˆhQ mfjVNf dhN ifq. hù rkHfof mfbcN nskAv nCpG slJsk ifq bf. dj§Â yfmdyjf pdl dlsbv shtfq syfsJ slJsk bf ifq, kfrst kfsk nCspGv slfN jD?

sjfb ˆj ntI hstsYb, `sjfbW hAdÙÁ jcvzfb dbsq (zLAqsb) hnst rq sn tfHhfb rsh, bsy{ [dkoa²À rsh.' zk}iv dkdb ˆƒ zfqfklcde ifE jvstb,

̂��R��6U�8k9وJK6ذ6א{ 8G5&9��YHU�6]>ل�DV��8R�D1p]9��>+�8?6��5ز6אدM5s�6m��q��6JK��HU9̀ 9��6Y]5s�o�אْ��א��>G6U.�8R>̂ m6אد6?85r8�608�6])�١٢٤�(�HU9�6�6وY]5so�א�X5��RĴ 52�D�DE�f6ضHU�8R>̂ �6j9��qאد6?88FJ#��9�JK�8RĴ 5�8FJ#�6?m6ون�6و>5��9e{)�١٢٥�( #��(2�0�א� �

ªpJbƒ sjfb nCvf zhkDBG jvf rq, kJb kfslv msLA sj… sj… hst, `ˆƒ nCvf skfmfslv msLA jfv „mfb (dhw¶fn) hxdÝ jvt?' zfnst spnh stfj „mfb ˆsbsY, ˆƒ nCvf kfslv „mfbsj hdLGk jsvsY ˆhQ kfvf zfb¦l tfH jvsY. i[f§Àsv pfslv z§Àsv svfo vsqsY, ˆƒ nCvf kfslv zidhÛkfv nfsK zfsvf zidhÛkf hdLGk jsvsY ˆhQ kfvf jfsIv zh²¿fskƒ mxkcAhvB jsvsY. (kfWhfr } 124-125)

mrfb zfïfr zfsvf hstsYb,

8.ن�6Y5U�Jوj6G>�6=لm��9l5��(6&8~6#6��6و5G5U8t�>&�ْx��9n6و��>%�]Jj6]��65&5��o�א�on6Kא��q#�6��6u{�

ª‚dm zhkDBG jdv jcv‚b, pf dhw¶fnDslv ubA zfsvfoA W jv¢Bf, dj§Â kf nDmftQObjfvDslv [dkƒ hxdÝ jsv.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 82)

jcvzfb mfbcsNv ubA ltDt. uDhb-pfÛfv zflfb-ialfsb ltDt. ³hL-zShL, …dyk-zbcdyk, Hfstf-m¦l jmGjfsàv ltDt.

…lfrvB öv™i slJcb, „mfb W ƒhflskv ltDt } hfj¶fvfr } 22 iafB v[fv ltDt } mfdqlfr } 32 Îfb v[fv ltDt } mfdqlfr } 90


46

46

mfb v[fv ltDt } hfbD ƒnaf„t } 32, bCv } 32-33 Lb-n©il v[fv ltDt } mfdqlfr 38 lf©ikA-vDdkv ltDt } dbnf } 19, hfj¶fvfr 187, 228 zKGbDdkv ltDt } hfj¶fvfr } 188, 275 dbnf } 29 vfubDdkv ltDt } dbnf } 59 iasqfubDq njt bDdkv ltDt rt jcvzfb. uDhsbv njt s[sÛ

mc'dmsbv ltDt W ofƒF-hcj rt jcvzfb. …©mfrv zfm-Jfn njstv ubA uDhb-ofƒF rt jcvzfb.

mrfb naófv nfsK n©ijG sjmb rWqf lvjfv? dikfmfkfv nfsK n©ijG sjmb rWqf lvjfv? öfmD W ²ÃDv nfsK n©ijG sjmb rWqf lvjfv? n§Àfsbv nfsK n©ijG sjmb rWqf lvjfv? Hfƒ W shfsbv nfsK n©ijG sjmb rWqf lvjfv? zfk¹Dq-öusbv nfsK n©ijG sjmb rWqf lvjfv? iadkshwDv nfsK n©ijG sjmb rWqf lvjfv? ˆkDm W ldvsûv nfsK n©ijG sjmb rWqf lvjfv? vfóºsbkfv nfsK n©ijG sjmb rWqf lvjfv? slw W nmfsuv nfsK n©ijG sjmb rWqf lvjfv? nxdóv nfsK n©ijG sjmb rWqf lvjfv? nh djYcv ubA iafmfdBj ofƒF rt mrfoa§¿ zft-jcvzfb. mfbcsNv ³kdv ofƒF-hcj mfbcNsj ndEj iK slJfsk ifsv bf. kfƒ mfbcN

pdl mrfb naófv ˆ ofƒF-hcj nfsK bf vfsJ, kfrst ëó rsq pfsh, uDhb-pcsÝ ivfduk rsh, ƒrstZdjj W ifvstZdjj uDhsb [dkoa²À rsh.

jcvzfbsj sp dbsuv öis[ ltDt hfbfsh, sn nIt rsh ivjfst. sjfb Û¢dev jfvsB sI]sn sost jcvzfbƒ mrfb zfïfrv lvhfsv ncifdvw W ùÏk jvsh kfv nis[.

zfïfrv vnCt � hstsYb,

�6+H�JO9��5?ْ̀ �6̂ H�9̀ 9e�


47

47

J�9نE85��8Y5U�ٍ8�9W�H6�6א�-�Jن�HF�6,>?�8Y6��6&Ĵ �6


48

48

ªvmpfb mfn, ˆsk mfbcsNv dlwfvD ˆhQ n{isKv ±ió dblwGb W nkAfnskAv ifKGjAjfvDv™si jcvzfb zhkDBG jvf rsqsY.« (hfj¶fvfr } 185)

}Y5U�>�8�9E�|q%>m�Jس�HG�x��66لj�9�6��9وE8Dl�ْن6א�HنJK�6Y]5so�وْא�א>9l9e�5_�6]w52�5+d��8אR>̂ 9��f"6אs�6��f%]5%�6��>+d��و6א�fj]Jj6�9ٍم�ذG5E�>]�{)�٢٠�( #��(�S�«א� �ªˆ (jcvzfb) mfbhufdkv ubA ivm Îfb (nc±ió ltDt) ˆhQ dbdÇyk

dhw¶fnD n©ialfsqv ubA iKdbslGw W jv¢Bf.« (ufdNqfr } 20) }8%9E�RDe��6F�>5w6!62�Y5U�8RD1=2H#�8Y6&9��66!829��5+5�lْ6G5�9��8Y�6U6��6وX�5&6��6̂ 8�9�6�9��6U6��6�9ْ��و��RD18��9�6��


49

49

Z�5l6,52{)א��م��# )��١٠٤� �ªskfmfslv iadkiftsjv dbje rsk skfmfslv dbje ivm Îfb (±ió

iamfB) zhwAƒ ˆsnsY. nckvfQ sj… lwGb jvst, kf dlsq sn dbsuƒ tfHhfb rsh. zfv sj… zá rst, kfsk sn dbsuƒ [dkoa²À rsh. zfv zfdm skfmfslv kÙ¶fhLfqj bƒ.« (‚bX‚m } 104)

mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj ivm Îfb W zfstfjhdkGjf rt nc±ió ltDt W iamfB. pf y[c-lxdósk nCspGv mskf ±ió. ˆ Îfb dlsq mfbcN Îfbhfb rsk ifsv. ˆ zfstf dlsq mfbcN zfstfdjk rsk ifsv. y[c°mfb hAdÙÁ …ijxk rsk ifsv. dj§Â sp dbu syfsJv ifkf smst kfdjsq slJsh bf, sn skf dbsuv [dk dbsuƒ jvsh.

jcvzfb (ƒtfrD) hfkGf

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, �9غ6s6m�fא{62�Jس�HG�x�6#�5�69&m�f+9�JK�f%5~��6و6אoeHs�6�5�6אْ��و��D�8وD��5"��6��ْ9א�{�

ªˆef mfbcsNv ubA ˆj hfkGf; pfsk ˆef äfvf kfslvsj nkjG jvf rq ˆhQ kfvf ufbsk ifsv sp, dkdb ˆjmfÛ …ifnA ˆhQ pfsk ÎfbDvf …islw oarB jsv.« (ƒhafrDm } 52)

mrfoa§¿ zft-jcvzfb rt ƒtfrD hfkGf. mrfb iadkiftsjv dbje rsk mfbh-lfbshv iadk ˆj mrfb hfkGf.

ˆ rt mrfb naófv dbje rsk mrf sOfNBf. ˆ rt ±ió iayfv. zfv kf si]ZsY slWqfv lfdqk¶ dYt vnCt �-ˆv ˆhQ k]fv iv k]fv bfsqhslv …iv.

hfkGf hf sOfNBf si]ZYsbfv zfso ipG§À zivfLDv zivfL LkGhA bq. kfƒ mrfb zfïfr jcvzfsbv mfLAsm mfbcNsj hfkGf si]ZsY dlsqsYb. sn hfkGf si]ZYfsbfv lfdqk¶ p]fslv …iv dYt, k]fvf kf si]ZsY dlsqsYb. k]fvf nkjG jsvsYb zivfL W kfv wfd²À n©isjG. nckvfQ mrfb zfïfrv dbje drnfh slWqfv ubA ia²Âk Kfjcj kfvf, pfslv jfsY hfkGf si]ZsYsY zKy nkjG rqdb. hfkGf sisqW nfhLfb rqdb.

hbAf zfnsY, ˆ hfkGf si]ZYsbfv isvW pfvf hbAfiahB ˆtfjfq zh²¿fb


50

50

jsv, kfvf sHsn pfWqfv ubA ia²Âk srfj. hbfdó wrsvv dlsj Ycse zfnsY, ˆ sOfNBf rWqfv isvW pfvf dbu hfnfq

zh²¿fb jvsh, kfvf u¶st Yfƒ rWqfv ubA zsi[f jv¢j. zfv mrfb jv¢Bfmq iChGnkjGkf ufdv bf j'sv sjfb ufdksj wfd²À slb

bf. dkdb hstsYb, }�6U6و��HGDe�652=s6�>U��H06~�66�8�6��nً�>�6#{)א��# )��١٥�א� �

ª‚dm vnCt bf ifEfsbf ipG§À jf…sj wfd²À dlƒ bf.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 15) zhwA sOfNBf W iayfsvv msLA ncnQhfl W ncIt sOfNBfW wfdmt. jcvzfb

n{wDstv ubA ncnQhfl ˆhQ lc°jxkDv ubA lc}nQhfl iayfv jsvsY. kfƒ ˆ hfkGf njt mfbcsNv ubA.

zbA ˆj zsKG jcvzfb rt si]ZYsbfv mfLAm. ˆƒ jcvzfsbv mfLAsm mfbcN nshGf¤y ²¿fb W nhGswaô n©mfsb si]ZYsk ifsv. spsrkc ˆsk vsqsY mcJA W soZB njt iasqfubDq dhNq, pfv äfvf mfbcN ƒr-ivjfst …ijxk rsk ifsv.

�zft-jcvzfb äDsbv lf„

jcvzfsbv zbAkm mfrfk¹A ˆƒ sp, kf rt mrfb zfïfrv dlsj, äDb W „mfsbv dlsj zfrhfbjfvD lf„. jcvzfb spmb hfkGf, skmdb zfrhfqj. nfvf dhsw¶v mfbcNsj nlf zfrhfb jvsY, `ˆsnf ndEj isK, ˆsnf zfïfrv isK, ˆsnf iajxk W nkA mf'hCl hf …ifsnAv dlsj, ˆsnf vnCstv isK, ˆsnf ƒntfsmv isK, ˆsnf wfd§Àv isK, ˆsnf ufâfskv isK. spsqf bf Hct isK, spsqf bf ofqv¢ïfrv isK, spsqf bf znkA W hfdkt mf'hCslv isK, spsqf bf dhlzfskv isK, spsqf bf jcIvD W dwsjGv isK, spsqf bf zwfd§Àv isK, spsqf bf ufrfâfsmv dlsj.'

vfnCtcïfr � hstsYb, ))��(6,H09l>U�f"6�829��6א&Ĵ �5��J6אط�5�U��Wً6א5-��ً6c6U�>+o��6"�6א6

��6̂א��HGسu8��Dא�א��!=6אط��9 p]9��>ل�DV6]6אط�5د6אٍع�

�6u8 �و6�6��62��9"�5א�!=>U�f#�>0>��5"6�829̀א و6�6��9אْ�


51

51

H9l606?��9�6و��q��5&6F�5"6�829̀א F�8%6א�!=6אطJO9��5ذ6א��6#9אد�8Y5U��q8�6��>60lْ6]�6?5ْ�:�9אْ��9��6�6?�5+o��ود%>~�J6#אن�p��9Eل�6و�9:6,8]6�JK�9:H�JO9��>+8,60lْ6?��9ن8,60lْ6?�8+


52

52

djkfh (LmGoa§¿)nmCsrv nmKGj ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv ubA pf iK ialwGj W ncnQhfllfkf.« (hfj¶fvfr } 97)

}W�9:�ْ5?�>_�6].�J8.نDV�ْא�Z"�605e6و�ٍ5�>U)�١�(|q%>m�|68r>26�6و5G5U8t>&�ْ5�{)�٢�( #��&G�א� �ªk¶f-nDb; ˆÈdt jcvzfb W nc±ió oas§¿v hfjA; dhw¶fnDslv ubA (kf)

iK-dbslGwj ˆhQ ncnQhfl dhswN.« (bfmXt } 2) }�6G�ْHj6�6�9:8�9و�6��51��60"6אْ��q��6�8�5?�=�D1x��Z�8X6��|q%>m66|��و6#6~8&�6)ً��و8r�>26��6و5&5�8��>&�ْ5�{)�٨٩�(

ªzfdm skfmfv iadk djkfh zhkDBG jsvdY iaskAj dhNsqv ±ió hAfJAf öv™i ˆhQ zfk¹nmiGBjfvD (mcndtm)slv ubA, iKdbslGw, jv¢Bf W ncnQhfl öv™i.« (bfrXt } 89)

}8�DE�>+9�Hj6��>6|�وG6U.�|q%>m6�5�DV�Y5U�9:=2H#�=/6,%&�ْ5�{�� ªkcdm ht, `skfmfv iadkiftsjv dbje rsk duhaf„t nkAnr jcvzfb

zhkDBG jsvsY, pfvf dhw¶fnD kfslvsj lxP iadkdôk jvfv ubA ˆhQ kf zfk¹nmiGBjfvDslv ubA iKdbslGw W ncnQhfl öv™i.« (bfrXt } 102)

jcvzfb kfv zbcnfvDslvsj ncnQhfl slq sp, kfslv ubA vsqsY mrficvõfv. kfslv zbcnvsBv ubA zsi[f jvsY dyvncJmq hfn²¿fb ufâfk.

dEj kû™iƒ jcvzfb rt nkjGjfvD. pfvf kfv dhsvfLD kfslvsj ù]dwqfv jsv sp, kfslv ubA vsqsY mrfwfd²À. dyvlc}Jmq ²¿fb ufrfâfm. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�pU��q��6!6%=ق�f"�605e�fو6s6m6א{x��5266��6#5sG>�x��6Y]5so�9&26�6و5G5�8,>&�ْ5�{)�١٢�(� �ªˆƒ nmKGj oa§¿ zfvhD HfNfq, pfsk ˆef nDmftQObjfvDslvsj nkjG

jsv ˆhQ kf n{jmGwDtslv ubA ncnQhflhfrj.« (‚rXj¶fI } 12) jcvzfb kfv zbcofmDslvsj ƒr-ivjfst ncnQhfl lfb jsv. naófv

ƒhflk jvst ˆhQ nxdóv jtAfB nfLb jvst kfslv ubA vsqsY ƒrjfst ncJ ˆhQ ivjfst zb§À ncJ.

i[f§Àsv zdhw¶fnDslvsj nkjG jsv sp, kfslv ubA vsqsY dyv tfÒbf. klbv™i sjfbX sjfbX jfu jvst ncnQhfl ifWqf pfsh ˆhQ sjfbX sjfbX jfu jvst wfd²Àv Lmj zfsY, sn hAfifsvW zhdrk jsv jcvzfb.


53

53

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }HنJK6א�s6m�68.نDV�ْ5%8̂{�א 5]�X50o�5��6X5m�>6م�Eْ9��>=r6�>]6�6و5G5U8t>&�ْ�6אY]5so�ن�6א�D�6&8�6]��5_�6,5��H!��א�H9ن��8R>̂ qא��98F9א��q5�9e)�٩�(H�6و�9نY]5so��9אn�6ن�>G5U8t>]�5 65u²�52��6�8%608�9��8R>̂ 9��q26אs6��q&�5�9�{)�١٠�(� �

ªdbÇyq ˆ jcv‚b ˆmb iKdbslGw jsv, pf nhGswaô ˆhQ n{jmGivfqB dhw¶fnDslvsj ncnQhfl slq sp, kfslv ubA vsqsY mrficvõfv. ‚v pfvf ivstfsj dhw¶fn jsv bf, kfslv ubA ‚dm ia²Âk j'sv svsJdY mmGfd§Àj wfd²À.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 9-10)

htf hfùtA, pfvf n{jmGivfqB zKGf{, Wqfsuh W ncâfr iftb jsv ˆhQ rfvfm huGb jsv W mjv™r sKsj lCsv Kfsj, kfslv ubA vsqsY n©mfbubj icvõfv. ˆj jKfq ncnQhfl tfsHv jfvB rt „mfb W n{jmG. zfv lc}nQhfl zfnfv jfvB rt kfv dhivDk.

zbcv™i mrfb zfïfr zfsvf hstsYb, ْ̀��q��q&=�9E�6#5sG>�x)��١(��6F6�5�o+


54

54

ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv nfsK kjG jsv. nckvfQ kfslvsj nfhLfb jvf rq sp, kfvf dhw¶fnDslv jfsY ƒrjfst wdÙÁ hf kjGl[kfv jfvsB dhuqD rsq sostW ivjfst zsi[f jvsY kfslv …ipcÙÁ wfd²À.

jcvzfb ifE jvst mc'dmbslv „mfb hxdÝ ifq ˆhQ kfvfƒ ncnQhfl sbq. i[f§Àsv jfsIvslv jcIvD hxdÝ ifq, mcbfdIjslv mcbfdIjD shsV pfq, zidhÛslv zidhÛkf zfsvf shdw rsq pfq. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

̂��R��6U�8k9وJK6ذ6א{ 8G5&9��YHU�>ل�DV6]��8R�D1p]9��>+�8?6��5ز6אدM5s�6m��q��6JK��HU9̀ 9��6Y]5s�o�אْ��א��>G6U.�8R>̂ m6אد6?85r8�608�6])�١٢٤�(�HU9�6�6وY]5so�א�X5��8RĴ 52�D�DE�f6ض6U�8R>̂ �6j9��ًאد6?88FJ#��9�JK�8RĴ 5�8FJ#�6U6��8?m6ون�6و>5��9e{)�١٢٥(� #��(2�0�א� �

ªzfv pJbƒ sjfb nCvf zhkDBG jvf rq, kJb kfslv msLA sj… sj… hst, `ˆƒ nCvf skfmfslv msLA jfv „mfb (dhw¶fn) hxdÝ jvt?' zfnst spnh stfj „mfb ˆsbsY, ˆƒ nCvf kfslv „mfbsj hdLGk jsvsY ˆhQ kfvf zfb¦l tfH jvsY. i[f§Àsv pfslv z§Àsv svfo vsqsY, ˆƒ nCvf kfslv zidhÛkfv nfsK zfsvf zidhÛkf hdLGk jsvsY ˆhQ kfvf jfsIv zh²¿fskƒ mxkcAhvB jsvsY.« (kfWhfr } 124-125)

pfslv r™lq ufoak, kfvf jcvzfb sKsj …islw oarB jsv ˆhQ pfslv r™lq mxk, kfvf sn …islw oarB jvf rsk dhvk W hdÑk Kfsj. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}�6U6و�>M�6G8&o�6��68�=r��6אU6و�X5{6�G6]�>+9��8نJK�6�>m��o�JK�feْ5ذ�f8.نDE6و�f5�pU)�٦٩�(�6#5s�G>�5��Y�6U��6��9نe��6~�H/5,6]68�9ل


55

55

jcvzfb lcdÇy§Àf W …säo lCvDjvsBv mfLAm

ˆ nQnfsv Jch jm mfbcNƒ zfsY, pfslv sjfb lc}J-lcdÇy§Àf sbƒ. dj§Â zsbsj kfsk rkfw rsq sHsÌ isV. zsbsj djQjkGhAdhmCP rsq d±¿dkwDt rsq pfq. uDhsbv dkÙÁ dlbÈdt zfOfskv iv zfOfk srsb h[sj dhlDBG j'sv sIst. r™lsqv nhcu hbfbD spb mv¢HCdmsk idvBk rq. hcsj nQjDBGkf zbcHCk rq. ˆmb idvd²¿dk sKsj mcdÙÁtfsHv sjfb …ifq zfsY dj? r]Af zfsY.

j¶cvzfb ifE j'sv zfidb zfibfv lcdÇy§Àf lCv jv¢b; zfïfrv dbje lczf jv¢b ˆƒ hst,

̂+�60و��8�lْ6��5+�52�6k8�H&�6��،9:9��6�>m�Rٍ8�א�=�D152�9:D�9̀ 8�9��،9��6�9E�HX5�

�JR�ْ5��8X5��5+52�6_86Sْ̀ 8.ن6��6P8�526#�6�o&608+9��،9ن�8?�6�6�876אG5��58�6{�ْא8X=&6m�6"�6m6�8و6ذX5�8j>~�6�9�6F6�8و}J#8%6-�6#8�>�68،�وX5��ْ9E.

sr zfïfr! db}ns¦lsr zfdm skfmfv lfn, skfmfv lfsnv icÛ W skfmfv lfnDv icÛ, zfmfv ttfsev sjwoc¤Y skfmfv rfsk. skfmfv dhyfv zfmfv uDhsb hrft. skfmfv mDmfQnf zfmfv HfoAdtdisk bAfqnÌk. zfdm skfmfv dbje skfmfv iaskAj snƒ bfsmv znDtfq iafKGbf jvdY---sp bfm kcdm dbsu dbsqY. zKhf kcdm skfmfv oas§¿ zhkDBG jsvY, zKhf skfmfv nxdóv msLA jf…sj kf dwdJsqY, zKhf kcdm skfmfv ofqhD ƒtsm dbsuv dbje sofib svsJY, kcdm j¶cvzfbsj zfmfv r™lsqv hn§À jv, zfmfv hs[v suAfdk jv, zfmfv lcdÇy§Àf lCv jvfv ˆhQ zfmfv …säo yst pfWqfv jfvB hfdbsq lfW. (zfrml 3712, 4318, rfsjm 1877, k¶fhfvfbD 10198, ƒhsb drêfb 972, zfhC qAf'tf 5297bQ)

rflDsnv …ÙÁ lczfsk jcvzfbsj sp njt ÈsB ÈBfd¦hk jvf rsqsY, kf dbḿv™i }-

jcvzfb r™lsqv hn§À } hn§À ˆjde jft, ˆjde ‡kc. wDskv lfisev iv dhswN j'sv hx[-

tkfv uDhsb bkcb spZhb zfsn.


56

56

`wDsk Icstv ofY sosY ðjfƒqf, ifkfÈdt nmclq isVsY Udvqf.

jsvf bf jsvf bf Hfƒ kfrfsv ƒáb, dHksv slJr kfv mLcv sjmb. hdrsh zdysv psh hns§Àv hfq,

rfdnsh softfi kfv wfJfq wfJfq. soZvsh kfrfv rsh jfbb …Ï¶t,

HfdhW bf zfdu kfv uDhb dhIt.' Usv iVf ifkfv ufqofq bkcb j'sv ifkf oufq. Ict sIfse, It Lsv.

iajxdkv v™si snZ¦lpG hxdÝtfH jsv. zfv snƒ nfsK mfbcsNv msb zfb¦l nxdó jsv. iði[D ipGfå zfrfpG sisq kcó rq. wDk W kfsiv mfUfmfdU zfhrfWqfsk yfdvdlsj ncJ W wfd§Àv zfhr ytsk Kfsj.

mfbcsNv msbv hfofsbW jk oaD°m, hNGf W wDk hsq pfq. kfsk sn dj½ó rq, mcNsV isV. dj§Â pJb sn mrfb zfïfrv hjGkmq hfBD zft-jcvzfb ifE jsv, kJbƒ kfv msbv hfofsb hn§À zfomb jsv.

sn spb bkcb j'sv uDhb dIsv ifq. dbs²Àu sKsj nsku rsq WsE. dbvfwfv iv uDhsb bkcb zfwfv nÑfv rq. hns§Àv Ict-It …isHfo jvfv mskf jcvzfbD Ict-It …isHfo jsv. hns§Àv iajxdkv iadk spmb mfbcsNv mb zfjxó rq, skmdb jcvzfbD

hns§Àv iadk mc'dmsbv mb zfjxó rq. mfbcN spmb hns§Àv hfofsb dhyvB j'sv ncJfbcHh jsv, mc'dmb skmdb

dktfzskv nmq jcvzfbD hn§ÀjftDb Icst-Ist Hvf hfofsb dhyvB jsv. sn kfv Ict skfst, It ifsV, hfkfsnv mLcv ncosá W ifJDv jtkfsb kfv mb-iafB kvkfuf rsq WsE. zfv kJb dktfzsk kfv mb usm WsE, zbcLfhsb kfv r™lq oHDsv iashw jsv.

hns§Àv jcncm hfofsb dhyvBjfvD spmb kfv njt hx[tkf sKsj …ijxk rq, dktfzkjfvDW skmbƒ jcvzfsbv bfbf dw[f, zfslw-dbsNL, …islw-zbcslw sKsj …ijxk rq. Icstv snZ¦lpG W snZvsH spmb ëmBjfvD dhsHft rq, skmdb jcvzfsbv ncsvtf dktfzsk mc'dmb dhsHft


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W zfk¹rfvf rq. hn§Àjft rt mrfb iadkiftsjv dhswN vrmk W (zfvhA) Hcdm

icbuGDdhk rWqfv dhswN nmqjft. zbcv™i jcvzfb dktfzk rt mc'dmsbv r™lq-HCdm icbuGDdhk rWqfv zbAkm jfvB.

jcvzfb hs[v suAfdk } jcvzfb ifE jvst h[ iaw²À rq, mb dü rq, r™lq zfstfdjk rq, ydvÛ

zfstfjiafå rq. msb zfb¦l zbcHCk rq, z§Àsv kxdå tfH rq. jcIvDv zájfsv suAfdk ifWqf pfq, zÎkfv zmfhwAfq iCdBGmfv zfstf

ifWqf pfq, dbvfwfv vfsk zfwfv zfstf ifWqf pfq, hfdkstv kmnf¤Yâ isK rsjv vdw¹ ifWqf pfq.

sjfb sjfb hBGbfq zfsY, ª(jcvzfbsj) zfmfv y[cv suAfdk jv.« (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 10198, ƒhsb drêfb 972, zfhC qAf'tf 5297bQ)

y[cv suAfdk äfvf rj-hfdkstv iK sybf nru rq. jcvzfb dktfzsk syfsJv lxdówdÙÁ hxdÝ ifq. jcvzfb syfsJv suAfdk rst ndEj isK ytsk nru rq.

jcvzfb lcdÇy§Àf lCvjfvD, jcvzfb …säo smfybjfvD } lcdÇy§Àfoa²À mfbcN jcvzfb ifE jvst kfv lcdÇy§Àf lCv rsq pfq. …däó

mfbcsNv …säo zisbflb rq. lc}J-lclGwfoa²À mfbcN jcvzfb dktfzk jvst msb nf§À¶bf ifq. HDk-n§Ã²À mfbcN jcvzfb iVst kfv Hq-HDdk lCvDHCk rq. u¶ftf-p§ÃBfoa²À mfbcN jcvzfb dktfzk jvst r™lsq iawfd§À ifq. mfbdnj zhnfsl HcosY ˆmb mfbcN jcvzfb dktfzk jvst kfv zhnfl lCv rq.

htf hfùtA, jcvzfb rt mc'dmsbv r™lq-hn§À, msbv zfstf. jcvzfsbv zfstfsj zfstfdjk uDhb rq mc'dmsbv. jcvzfsbv hns§À nsku W iafBh§À rq mc'dmsbv uDhb.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, �9e��q08�6U�9̀ن9��Y6U�6و6{ 9�>M�6G8�6�8~��6G�ْ6�6F69+��X5r�8&6]��5+�52��X�5��Jس��HG�א��Y�6&9e��>+�D�6cHU��X�5��

5_�6&D��68�9א�ٍج�J#�6b52��6̂ 8G=U�9:5�6s9e�6Y=]>�6زY]J5��91�ْ5��6U��9


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58

msLA ytfv ubA zfstfj dlsqdY snƒ hAdÙÁ dj ‰ hAdÙÁv mk, sp zájfsv vsqsY ˆhQ sn ²¿fb rsk shv rhfv bq? ˆv™si zdhÇhfnDslv lxdósk kfslv jxkjmGsj swfHb j'sv vfJf rsqsY.« (‚bX‚m } 122)

zft-jcvzfsbv zfstfv isK sp yst, kfv yfƒsk hV zfstfjiafå zfv sj zfsY? zfv pfv r™lq zfstfmq, kfv yfƒsk hV nIt hAdÙÁ zfv sj zfsY?

r]Af, r™lq sKsjƒ nfvf slsr vsÙÁv nÑftb rq. snJfb rskƒ nfvf slsr nuDhkf dhkdVk rq. kfƒ r™lq zfstfmq rst nfvf slr W nfvf uDhb zfstfmq rsh.

i[f§Àsv swfj, lc}J, lcdÇy§Àf, …säo iaHxdk r™lsqv nuDhkfv idvi§¿D ˆhQ zfstf dhjDBG jvfv isK hfLflfqj smsOv mskf, kfƒ kf lCvDHCk jvf hfÒbDq. zfv kfv ubA dbqdmk jcvzfb dktfzk zfhwAjDq. iv§Â jcvzfb äfvf kf lCvDHCk rst icb} zfv dIsv zfsn bf. dj§Â zjcvzfbD sjfb hAh²¿f äfvf kf lCvDHCk jvst icb} zfhfv dIsv zfsn. ncöf²¿A, dhNq-n©idÙ, il-iadndÝ, ²ÃD-n§Àfb iaHxdk äfvf nfmdqj sjfb lc}J-swfj smfyb rstW, kf yst sost zfhfv snƒ lc}J-swfj dIsv zfsn. dj§Â sp lc}J-swfj mc'dmb jcvzfb äfvf smfyb jvfv iaqfn ifq, sn lc}J-swfj zfv icb} dIsv zfsn bf. kfƒ skf mc'dmb mrfb zfïfrv bfsmv znDtf dlsq …ÙÁ iaqfn tfsHv ubA …ÙÁ iafKGbf j'sv Kfsj.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, }6Y]5so�ْא�א�>G6U.�pY56&ْ6?6و�R>̂ >2�D�DE�Jeْ5s52�5+d��9אn9��Jeْ5s52�5+d��א�pY56&ْ6?�>"�D�DV�ْ�٢٨(}א�(%��א� �

ªpfvf dhw¶fn jsvsY ˆhQ zfïfrv n¹vsB pfslv r™lq iawf§À rq. susb vfJ, zfïfrv n¹vsBƒ r™lq iawf§À rq.« (vf'l } 28)

`r™lq iawf§À rq' zKGf{, kfv lcdÇy§Àf, …säo, zhnfl, swfj ƒkAfdl lCv rsq pfq ˆhQ kfsk zfb¦l W …{Icïkf ˆsn …id²¿k rq.

ˆjde kInDv zbcpfqD zfïfrv dpjXv hf ±mvB rt jcvzfb. spsrkc kfsk vsqsY zfïfrv ±mvB, zfïfrv …islw. zfv zfïfrv hfBD ifE j'sv k]fsj ±mvB jvfsk dbÇyq r™lq iawf§À rq. r™lsqv ubA ˆv yfƒsk shdw zfbs¦lv zfv jD rsk ifsv sp, sn kfv nxdójkGf W iftbjkGfsj ±mvB jvsY? kfv jfsY iadkiftsjv Hfstfhfnfv yfƒsk zfv jD dmdó


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59

rsk ifsv? sp pfsj Hfstfhfsn, sn dj kfv jKf shdw zfstfybf W ±mvB jsv bf? ˆhQ kfsk wk zfb¦l W ncJ zbcHh jsv bf?

jcvzfb ifEjfvD pJb jcvzfb ifE jvsh, kJb dbÇyq sn kfv mfsb hcUsh ˆhQ kfsk kfv msb iakAq nclxP rsh. zfïfrv djkfh ifE j'sv msb sp dhw¶fn nxdó rq, kf zbA sjfb djkfh ifE j'sv rq bf. zfv snƒ dhw¶fsn zfsY msbv iawfd§À. zfïfrv djkfsh zfsY ncJmq uDhsbv dEjfbf, icvõfsvv iadkwa¢dk, nf[fskv ncJ W zb§À jft uDhsbv wfd§Àv jKf. pf isV msb kxdå zfsn, HdÙÁ zfsn, Hfstfhfnf iaofP rq. zfv kfskƒ hf¦lfv mb iawf§À rq. msb ˆj iajfv wfd§À W öd²À zbcHh jsv.

htf hfùtA, wqkfbD jftfm (ofb-hfubf) ðsb mb dü rq bf, zfnst zfïfrv jftfm isV mb dü rq.

sr zfïfr! skfmfv jcvzfb dktfzk jvf W swfbfv mfLAsm kcdm zfmfslv msb wfd§À lfW.

�jcvzfb zfïfrv vdw

jcvzfb mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj siadvk vdw. mrfbhD � hstsYb, ))>"�605e�$�6א�>m�>�8�6~�$�6א�9&8%%6~9��>R98�9��8Y5U�J6uw�ْ��605"


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60

lcdev hAfifsv zfmfv isv skfmvf jD zfyvB jvsh, kfv sJqft svsJf.« (zfrmfl 11561, dkvdmpD 3788bQ)

zbA ˆj hBGbfq dkdb hstsYb, »�9n9��=�JK6و�m>%6~9��>"�605e�5+o��א�Hj6��H�6F6�6و�>m�>�8�6~��5+�o��א��JY�6U��>+�6�6�H?א�̂+9�69W�5%6�52�،5+o��9אW69�6+M6%8�62א�q%629�.((� �

ªdbÇyq ˆ jcvzfb Uct§À vdw. ˆv ˆjde dlj zfïfrv rfsk ˆhQ ziv dlj skfmfslv rfsk. nckvfQ skfmvf kf muhckHfsh Lsv sKsjf. kfrst kfv isv skfmvf j[sbf iKëó rsh bf ˆhQ j[sbf sjfb mskƒ L¶Qn rsh bf.« (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 17941, ðzfhct „mfb, hfƒrfj¶D 1942, ƒhsb drêfb 122, ƒhsb zfhD wfƒhfr 30006, dn} nrDrfr 713bQ)

mrfb zfïfr k]fv djkfsh hstsYb,

�DEHْא�و��q��5&6F�9n6א��J�8�6,52�5+dو6א�608!5&


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61

�»HنJK�6+o��68א6]�8RD19��qS9�6S�>M6��qS9��8RD19و6[1ْ66S��686�9��8RD19��89ن��>M�9?�8�6


62

62

pfWqfv Hsq vdw Lsv ifvfifv jvfv dbslGw slWqf rq. zk}iv sp vdw Lsv Kfsj, sn nIt rq. zfv sp vdw sYsV slq, sn dhIt W L¶Qn rq.

dbdÇyk sp, mrfb zfïfrv jfsY si]ZYsk rst, k]fv ufâfskv mrst si]ZYsk rst k]fv hfdVsq slWqf vdw Lsvƒ si]ZYsk rsh.

Uct§À vdw Lsv …iv dlsj yVf zKhf vdw Lsv dbsyv dlsj bfmf zfmvf zsbsj slsJdY. zfïfrv vdw LsvW ˆjƒHfsh WEf-bfmf jvf pfq. dj§Â ifdKGh uosk zsbj s[sÛ vdw Lsv sbsm dbsusj h]fyfsbf pfq. i[f§Àsv mrfb zfïfrv vdw Lsv bfmfv zKG rt zhbdk, rDbkf, dhbfw W nhGbfswv dlsj sbsm zfnf rq.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, �8RĴو6א?�8M�6G8�6?.��6G5?�6].�6\9�6��9��6̂ 8G5U�>+6�6�8?9̀ �אْ�}�6و�919��6Y5U�6Y]Jن�6א��98�HrنM�6G8�9�6و6�8�9)�١٧٥(9��6̂ 52�>+HG519�69%�6و�8u9��9�JK�J�6א�9#8ضP6�H?و6א�>M6�6אm�>+D�6c6&9��J��6c6&9e��5��ْ91�ْא�6��86̂�JK�8�5&8,6?�5+8�9ن 8��9مV�ْ��6אY]5s�o�2̂ 6��Dl�9�6��9̂ 9��}5%608̂ D̀و8��9:59[R>m�6ون>5��6b�ْ�١٧٨(}א(� �

ªkfslvsj ‰ hAdÙÁv hxÙf§À isV swfbfW, pfsj zfdm zfmfv zfqfknmCr lfb jsvdYtfm, zk}iv sn snÈdtsj huGb jsv, kfviv wqkfb kfv diYsb tfso, Ist sn dhiKofmDslv z§ÀHcGÙÁ rq. zfdm ƒ¤Yf jvst ‰ (zfqfknmCr) äfvf kfsj …¤y mpGflf lfb jvkfm, dj§Â sn lcdbqfv iadk zfnÙÁ rq ˆhQ dbu jfmbf-hfnbfv zbcnvB jsv. kfv …lfrvB jcjcsvv mk, Wsj kcdm kfVf jvst sn duH shv jsv rf]ifq ˆhQ kcdm Wsj ˆmdb sYsV dlstW sn duH shv jsv rf]ifsk Kfsj. sp n©ialfq zfmfv zfqfknmCrsj dmKAf msb jsv, kfslv …lfrvB ˆef. nckvfQ kcdm jfdrbD dhhxk jv, pfsk kfvf dy§Àf jsv. sp n©ialfq zfmfv zfqfknmCrsj dmKAf hst W dbsuslv iadk zbfyfv jsv, kfslv …lfrvB jk dbjxó! zfïfr pfsj iK slJfb snƒ iK ifq ˆhQ pfslvsj dkdb dhiKofmD jsvb, kfvfƒ [dkoa²À.« (zf'vfI } 175-178)

spb mfbcN sö¤Yfyfdvkf, psK¤Yfyfdvkf, sJqft-Jcdw, jciahxdÙ, zhfLAfyvB


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iaHxdkv ifsi rfhcFchc Jfs¤Y. zfv mrfb zfïfr dbu lqfq kfslvsj h]fyfsbfv ubA vdw bfdmsq dls¤Yb. nckvfQ pfvf kf LfvB j'sv h]fysk yfq, kfvf idvÛfB ifq. zfv pfvf kf LfvBƒ jsv bf, hvQ lcdbqfv iadk zfnÙÁ rq ˆhQ dbu jfmbf-hfnbfv zbcnvB jsv, kfvf L¶Qn rq.

jcvzfb spmb snZHfoAhfbslv ubA n{iK tfsHv znDtf. skmdb rkHfofslv ubA ëó rWqfv znDtf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

}HنJK�6+o��9אn�X5�8,608�J"9��6ن�[68�6]��ً6c6U��HU�(ً6�>�62��6&9��6̂ 9E8�9��HU9̀ 9��6Y]5so�ْא�א�>G6U.�69&+H�9��p/6,�ْא�Y5U�8RĴ =2H#��HU9�6�6وY]5so�وْא�א>9l9e�6ن�D��DV6�9�6ذ6א��U�66#9אد��>+o��6א�אs6̂ 52��ً6c6U�p�5�>]��5+�52��5c�9eًא�

}5%8̂ �p�5�>]�5+52�onJK�6و5c9e��6U6ًא�52+�5و6[65V5��9l�ْ�٢٦(}א�( #�� V��א� �ªzfïfr mwf djQhf kfv sKsj …¤y (zKhf [cû) ipGfsqv sjfb h²Âv

…lfrvB dlsk tÏfshfL jsvb bf, nckvfQ pfvf mcdmb (dhÇhfnD) kfvf ufsb sp, ˆ …lfrvB kfslv iadkiftsjv dbje sKsj nkA; dj§Â pfvf (jfsIv) zdhÇhfn jsv kfvf hst sp, zfïfr dj zdHiafsq ˆmb ˆjde …lfrvB dlsqsYb? ˆkäfvf dkdb zsbjsjƒ dhëf§À jsvb, zfhfv hù ubsj n{isK idvyfdtk jsvb. h²Âk} dkdb n{iK idvkAfoDslv YfVf zfv jf…sjW dhëf§À jsvb bf.« (hfj¶fvfr } 26)

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,

8.نj6G�6Y5U�J=ل&�ْx��9n6و�>%]Jj6]�65&5��o�א�on6Kא�q#�6�6u{� �

ª‚dm zhkDBG jdv jcv‚b, pf dhw¶fnDslv ubA zfsvfoA W jv¢Bf, dj§Â kf nDmftQObjfvDslv [dkƒ hxdÝ jsv.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 82)

zfv mrfbhD � hstsYb, )DV�9:8�9وא�9��9:9و6��8�8.ن


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64

pcsov ubA dyv§Àb jftuqD dhLfb. ˆ dhLfb mfbA jvf iaskAj mcndtsmv ubA zidvrfpG. ³hqfdÙÁj, ifdvhfdvj, nfmfduj, vfóºDq, zfKG-nfmfduj ˆhQ mfbcsNv iasqfubDq njt bDdk W zfƒb vsqsY jcvzfsb, pf tQOb jvf mrf zivfL.

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

�6א��d+U66ل�6وj�9�6و��>R�>̂ 6�6U��6"��6051�ْא�

=/6,�ْ�52�6RD18,6�5��6Y8�62�Jس�HG�ْא��5&��6א�Dl9�608u�٢١٣(}��5+�5א�( #�� V��א� �ªmfbcN (zfdlsk) ˆjƒ ufdkHcÙÁ dYt. (isv mfbcsNvfƒ dhsHl nxdó

jsv.) zk}iv zfïfr bhDoBsj ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si siavB jsvb; ˆhQ mfbcsNv msLA sp dhNsq mksHl nxdó rsqdYt, kfv mDmfQnfv ubA dkdb kfslv nfsK nkAnr djkfh zhkDBG jsvb.« (hfj¶fvfr } 213)

njt iajfv dhyfv W Ifqnftfv s[sÛ jcvzfbsj nQdhLfbv™si mfbA bf j'sv mfbcsNv mboVf k§Ãsj mfbA jvf sjfb mcndtsmv jkGhA bq. mrfb zfïfr shw kfjDslv nfsK hstsYb,

}9:5�6s9e6و�>M�6G�ْ6j�9��q&1ْ>~��5266��JY59�6�6وk8�6�H?א�R>m6�8א�m9��6%8�62��6U�9


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zfqfk boBA mCstA dhÛÁq jsvf bf. zfv zfïfr pf zhkDBG jsvsYb, klbcnfsv pfvf dhLfb slq bf, kfvfƒ zdhÇhfnD (jfsIv).« (mfdqlfr } 44)

}�6G8�609e6�8وRĴ 8�9�6��6̂ �5��H9��6نlْHG�א�JlْHG��52�6Y8�6��ْو6א�JY8�6��ْ�52�6©�9ذm�65&+�d��9:�59א�و8D̀ 9��>R�>m��qG5&8�6̂אْ��6Y8�62�5+8]6%6]�6Y5U�5"�6051��52��Eً=%6!>U��6&xْ�,6/=�אْ�JK�6"�6051��9:8�9وْ6j�9�6��6G)��٤٧(}אْ��DV5��9lن6 >U6و�

5+8�9�6��RD18~�9��R>̂ 6G8�62��6&52�66لj�9��>+d��9אn6�8وP5�H06?�8R>m6�8א�m9��H&6��9+d��8אRD19�6�679��ً(�HUD��ً 6%�5~و6א��Y�519�6��8وRDe6��D�8�6�x��X�5��w�6U��RDe��6?.�

�8RD1>�5F8א$�JK��9א8�96א_�DV5�608��9��5א6U��q��5&6F�RD1>=�6G>�9��6&52�8R>0GDe�5+�5��6ن��Dl5�608b6?)�٤٨�(Jو9�6ن�RD18~א�R>̂ 6G8�62�w6&52�66لj�9��>+d��9אn6�8وP5�H06?�8R>m6�8א�m9��8R>m8#6s8~9��9ن�و6אG50lْ6]�Y6��J¢�8�62��6U��66لj��9��>+d��9:8�9א�JKن�JO98ْא��o�6�6?�8R9�8��9��6&H�9��>%]J>]�>+d��9ن�א��R>̂ 6��5!�>]��J¢8�6��52��8RĴ �q5c�9e��6Y�=Uא��وJK6ن�Hذ


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66

ifvskb. dj§Â dkdb skfmfslvsj pf dlsqsYb, kf dlsq skfmfslvsj ivD[f jvfv ubA (dkdb kf jsvbdb). zkˆh n{jsmG skfmvf iadkspfdokf jv, zfïfrv dlsjƒ njstv iakAfhkGb. zk}iv skfmvf sp dhNsq mksHl jvdYst, sn nìsá dkdb skfmfslvsj zhdrk jvshb. ˆhQ (icb} htdY) zfïfr pf zhkDBG jsvsYb, kcdm klbcpfqD kfslv msLA dhyfv-db®idÙ jv ˆhQ kfslv sJqft-JcwDv zbcnvB jsvf bf. zfv ˆ nìsá nkjG Kfj, pfsk zfïfr pf skfmfv iadk zhkDBG jsvsYb, Wvf kfv djYc sKsj skfmfsj dhycAk jvsk bf ifsv. pdl kfvf mcJ dIdvsq sbq, kfrst susb vfJ sp, kfslv sjfb sjfb ifsiv ubA zfïfr kfslvsj wfd²À dlsk yfb ˆhQ mfbcsNv msLA zsbsjƒ skf nkAkAfoD.« (mfdqlfr } 47-49)

zfv zfïfrv vnCt � hstsYb, ))��J�6̂ ْ6?�8R�9��HY>m�DeJ#8%�>?�89��5ن+�o��52�>و�9�60�5�>082ذ6א�אJK�f8&6u�6Y]J5F�6̂ �6אْ�&]��H06~�µ9E�G5RĴ 5�9�8�9��5��.�5 H%5�6�6و5G=�و6�DV8G6]�8R9!


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rsk hxdó há jsv slWqf rsh. pdl zbAfbA iafBDjct bf Kfjk, kfrst kfslv ubA zfslZ hxdó rk bf.

sp ufdk zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv iadkwa¢dk HÌ jvsh, sn ufdkv …isvƒ kfslv dhufkDq wÛ¢ltsj [mkfnDb jvf rsh; pfvf kfslv mfdtjfbf-HcÙÁ hù Lb-n©il dbsuslv jcd[ok jvsh.

zfv sp ufdkv wfnjsofôD pk[B ipG§À bf zfïfrv djkfh (dhLfb) zbcpfqD slw wfnb jvsh, kk[B ipG§À dkdb kfslv mfsU oxrä¦ä zh²¿fqD vfJshb.« (hfƒrfjD, ƒhsb mfufr 4019bQ, nrDr kfvoDh 764bQ)

zbA ˆj hBGbfbcpfqD dkdb hstsYb, ))f8&6u�ٍ8&6b52((،א��D��9E�:�6]��>�6#6�5ل+o��6אU6و�f8&6u6&8ٍ؟�b52�6�9لE:))��6U��6¢�9V6��f8��9مE�6%8̂ >��8RĴ��nJK�9µxאْ��6 8�9�6��،8R>mp6��6%RĴ ��5��،>�Vْ9l�ْא�n6و�

8_66̂ 9£�>RĴ �5��D(6r5~�9l�ْא�nJK��6r�9��>RĴ �א��5G>U��6_��6�HGْ9V�ْא((.� �

ªi]fydev iadkIt i]fyde.« duÎfnf jvf rt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! i]fydev iadkIt i]fyde jD jD?' dkdb htstb, ªsp ufdkƒ (zfïfrv) iadkwa¢dk HÌ jvsh, snƒ ufdkv …isvƒ kfslv wÛ¢sj [mkfnDb jvf rsh. sp ufdkƒ zfïfrv zhkDBGjxk nQdhLfb YfVf zbA äfvf vfóº idvyftbf jvsh, snƒ ufdkv mfsUƒ ldvûkf hAfij rsh. sp ufdkv mfsU zw½Dtkf (hAdHyfv) iajfw ifsh, sn ufdkv mfsUƒ mxkcA hAfij rsh. sp ufdkƒ pfjfk slWqf há jvsh, snƒ ufdkv ubAƒ hxdó há jsv slWqf rsh. sp ufdk l]fdV-mfvf ðv¢ jvsh, sn ufdk Int sKsj hdÑk rsh ˆhQ lcdHGs[ zfÛÁf§À rsh.« (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 10830, nrDr kfvoDh 765bQ)

jcvzfb dpjXv W …islw

…tfmfoB hstsYb, zft-jcvzfsb `dpjXv' wsèv dhdHâ v™i iafq 114 ufqofq …dïdJk rsqsY. sjfbX sjfbX zsKG kf hAhrfv jvf rsqsY, kf susb dbst …ijfv rsh.

ˆj } dpjXv mfsb mcsJ dpjXv (knhDr-krtDt ƒkAfdl)


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ifE jvf. spmb mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,

08�6�9Eذ6א�JO9�5&0G6�ْ̀ 6&Wْذ6א�אJO9��8RD152�>G>F��q?�DE8�HU��q2�605e�65G5U8t>&�ْ��9א�6��8k6��9e�9 9�H!�א�HنJK�9 9�H!��١٠٣(}א�(��G�א�

zfèct rfmDl zft-IfƒpD zft-mflfbD · jvc zfb bhhD zdnqk 106 jvc zfsbv wiK 108 jvc zfsbv iaHfh 109...

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Transcript of zfèct rfmDl zft-IfƒpD zft-mflfbD · jvc zfb bhhD zdnqk 106 jvc zfsbv wiK 108 jvc zfsbv iaHfh 109...