Zeynep asa 2011 privacy
-
Upload
zeynep-tufekci -
Category
Technology
-
view
184 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Zeynep asa 2011 privacy
A Proactive Generation Reacts: A Proactive Generation Reacts: Privacy, Disclosure and Strategic Privacy, Disclosure and Strategic
Action on FacebookAction on Facebook
By Zeynep TufekciAssistant Professor
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Twitter: @techsoc
Reality versus PerceptionReality versus Perception
A loony, narcissistic generation A loony, narcissistic generation inexplicably oversharing just because inexplicably oversharing just because they’re differentthey’re different
Facebook merely reflecting those changesFacebook merely reflecting those changes
Numerous assertions by Facebook Numerous assertions by Facebook executives that “one identity, one social executives that “one identity, one social graph” is better, moral, normalgraph” is better, moral, normal
Privacy and Disclosure are:Privacy and Disclosure are: Historically-situatedHistorically-situated
Grounded by personal circumstances, Grounded by personal circumstances, identit(ies), contextidentit(ies), context
Structured and played out through Structured and played out through architecture, norms and affordancesarchitecture, norms and affordances
Always include strategic action Always include strategic action considerationsconsiderations
Popular Perception:Popular Perception:
BackgroundBackground
Facebook is a de facto norm among college Facebook is a de facto norm among college studentsstudents
Facebook architecturally leans towards Facebook architecturally leans towards disclosure and a united social graphdisclosure and a united social graph
Facebook has made multiple privacy changes, Facebook has made multiple privacy changes, often controversialoften controversial
Disclosure levels tend to be highDisclosure levels tend to be high
What We KnowWhat We Know
Contrary to media perceptions, are Contrary to media perceptions, are struggling to adapt and figure outstruggling to adapt and figure out
Documenting struggle, strategy and Documenting struggle, strategy and change: Boyd & Hargittai (2010), change: Boyd & Hargittai (2010), Stutzman (2011), Raynes–Goldie, Kate Stutzman (2011), Raynes–Goldie, Kate (2010), Pew (2010)(2010), Pew (2010)
Strategies & Experiences: QuestionsStrategies & Experiences: Questions
How have young adult behaviors have How have young adult behaviors have changed over time?changed over time?
What are their experiences with privacy What are their experiences with privacy and disclosure?and disclosure?
What are their strategies?What are their strategies?
Can we untangle experience (i.e. Can we untangle experience (i.e. Bandura’s social learning theory) and Bandura’s social learning theory) and anticipatory behaviors? anticipatory behaviors?
This StudyThis Study
College student sampleCollege student sample
Latest survey December 2010 (n=403)Latest survey December 2010 (n=403)
Historical surveys on comparable (but not Historical surveys on comparable (but not longitudinal) groups since 2006 (n>1000)longitudinal) groups since 2006 (n>1000)
mm Diverse, mid-sized school, socio-economic Diverse, mid-sized school, socio-economic
range, sample generally representative of range, sample generally representative of schoolschool
3.58Years on FB
MEAN
4.06General Privacy Concern(1-5)
MEAN
26.5Asian-Ame.
13.0Hisp./Other
17.5Black
43.0White
45.6Female
53.3Male
N (%)
Sample Characteristics
3.3How concerned are you that people you do not want to see your profile would
see your profile (1-5)
1.8To find potential friends
1.5To find people with similar interests
3.4Keep in touch with friends elsewhere
3.1Keep in touch with friends in same school
EVER USE FACEBOOK FOR: (1-4)
Sample Descriptives
90.3Those whose last change was to make their profile LESS visible
Of those who changed ever privacy settings (n=363):
82.9Changed their privacy settings in the last year
36.7Changed their privacy settings last month
9.4Never changed privacy settings
%Those who have:
19.6Deactivate their profile
68.3Unfriend someone
81.3Deleted info from profile
73.9Untagged themselves from a photo
%EVER DONE THE FOLLOWING BECAUSE OF A PRIVACY OR VISIBILITY CONCERN?
0.8%Had a legal problem
17.2%Had a fight with a parent
25.7%Had a fight with a friend
8.0%Broke up with a girlfriend/boyfriend
28.7%Had a fight with a girlfriend/boyfriend
2.5%Had issues at work
0.5%Did not get hired
0.8%Lost a job
AT LEAST ONCE
Did the Following Happen to YOU?
Sample Descriptives
21.9%Had a legal problem
53.2%Had a fight with a parent
66.2%Had a fight with a friend
51.2%Broke up with a girlfriend/boyfriend
70.9%Had a fight with a girlfriend/boyfriend
30.8%Had issues at work
19.4%Did not get hired
19.7%Lost a job
AT LEAST ONCE
Did the Following Happen to SOMEONE YOU KNOW?
32.5%You got caught in a lie by someone else through your profile
59.6%You found that someone else had been lying to you by looking at their profile
77.8%You found out something very important about a friend
54.6%Someone much older contacted you
33.6%Someone harassed/stalked you online
39.8%You got upset with someone after seeing a picture of theirs with someone else
25.7%Someone else got upset with you seeing a picture of you with someone else
70.0%Other people posted pictures of you that you wish they had not
73.9%Someone you did not want found your profile
AT LEAST ONCE
Did Any of the Following Happen to You? (%)
Profile Visible to Everyone
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Spring 06 Fall 06 Spring 07 Fall 07 Spring 08 Fall 2010
Per
cen
t
Profile visible to everyone (%)
Changes in Profile Visibility in Facebook 2006-2010 (December)
Concerns about Privacy and Visibility of Profile
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Spring 06 Fall 06 Spring 07 Fall 07 Spring 08 Fall 2010
How concerned unwanted people wouldsee your profile? (1-5 very)
How concerned about privacy? (1-5)
Privacy Concerns and Profile Visibility in Facebook 2006-2010 (December)
exp(b) exp(b) exp(b) exp(b)
Female 1.583 1.732* 0.611 0.255**
Black 1.032 0.684 0.428 1.232
Hisp/Other 0.693 0.929 1.828 1.192
Asian 0.676 0.934 0.680 1.861
Happened to me 0.988 0.980 1.044 1.016
I observed 1.099 1.023 1.079 1.085
Surveillance 1.049 1.004 0.754*** 0.937
Far friends 1.181 1.165 0.824 0.925
Near friends 0.892 1.538* 1.186 0.907
Find potential 1.002 1.283 0.740 1.031
Find similar 0.679 0.761 1.801* 1.337
Audience Concern 1.671*** 1.791*** 0.624* 0.375***
Years on FB 1.364** 1.047 0.803 0.773*
_cons 0.097 0.008*** 22.286 8.462
N 383 383 383 383
ll -162.272 223.213 -97.021 -104.967 *
* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001
Logistic Regression Modeling Odds of Privacy Related Behaviors
Less Visible Last Month Never Changed Public Profile
The Previous Table Says:The Previous Table Says:
Respondent’s concern over unwanted Respondent’s concern over unwanted audiences IS significantly associated with audiences IS significantly associated with privacy-preserving actionsprivacy-preserving actions
Respondent’s experience with *or* Respondent’s experience with *or* observations of negative consequences is observations of negative consequences is NOT strongly associated with privacy NOT strongly associated with privacy related actionsrelated actions
Know Don’t Know exp(b) exp(b) Female -0.098 -0.141 Black 0.100 0.129 Hisp/Other 0.209 -0.021 Asian 0.243** 0.145 Someone else -0.007 -0.003 Me 0.015 -0.032 Surveillance 0.010 0.036***Far friends -0.023 0.104 Near friends 0.017 -0.026 Find potential 0.039 0.156** Find similar 0.029 0.138* Profile concern -0.033 -0.164***Years on FB 0.005 -0.015 _cons 3.219*** 1.494***N 381 381 ll -365.679 -420.871 * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001
Logistic Regression Modeling Odds of Accepting Friend Request from Person already known / not known
The Previous Table Says: The Previous Table Says: When it Comes to Accepting Friend When it Comes to Accepting Friend
Request from Unknown Person:Request from Unknown Person: Respondent’s who are interested in finding Respondent’s who are interested in finding
similar people and expanding their similar people and expanding their networks more likely networks more likely
Respondents concerned about unwanted Respondents concerned about unwanted audiences less likely audiences less likely
Nickname exp(b) Female 0.527 Black 2.810* Hisp/Other 0.951 Asian 1.194 Someone else 0.929 Me 1.081 Surveillance 1.021 Far friends 0.920 Near friends 1.020 Find potential 1.386 Find similar 0.798 Profile concern 1.196 Years on FB 1.101
_cons 0.031* N 383 ll -103.802
* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001
Logistic Regression Modeling Odds of Using a Nickname of Facebook
The Previous Table Says: The Previous Table Says: For NicknamesFor Nicknames
African-Americans almost three times the African-Americans almost three times the odds of using a nickname on Facebookodds of using a nickname on Facebook
Descriptive: in 2006-7, about 94% used Descriptive: in 2006-7, about 94% used nicknames, in 2010 December about 90%nicknames, in 2010 December about 90%
Also, only 3.5% use multiple profiles on Also, only 3.5% use multiple profiles on FacebookFacebook
Not Shown:Not Shown:
Interaction with “near friends” has higher Interaction with “near friends” has higher association with untagging and deleting association with untagging and deleting information (suggests strategic action)information (suggests strategic action)
Disclosure levels have gone down from Disclosure levels have gone down from 06-07 but are still relatively high06-07 but are still relatively high
Romantic status disclosure also linked to Romantic status disclosure also linked to privacy related issues (esp. unwanted privacy related issues (esp. unwanted audiences)audiences)
ConclusionConclusion Facebook remains a dominant platform Facebook remains a dominant platform
and a strong social norm in Collegeand a strong social norm in College
Young adults in college are adapting and Young adults in college are adapting and changing their behaviors on Facebookchanging their behaviors on Facebook
Privacy related behaviors are associated Privacy related behaviors are associated with pro-active (concerns) rather than re-with pro-active (concerns) rather than re-active (personal incidents or observations) active (personal incidents or observations) considerationsconsiderations
Privacy/disclosure actions have a strong Privacy/disclosure actions have a strong strategic component.strategic component.
Instead: Strategic disclosureInstead: Strategic disclosure
Instead: Cost/benefit analysisInstead: Cost/benefit analysis
Instead: Impression ManagementInstead: Impression Management
Instead: Adaptation and ChangeInstead: Adaptation and Change
Thank you! Questions?Thank you! Questions?
By Zeynep TufekciAssistant Professor
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Twitter: @techsoc