Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue,...

16
Zero Conditionals Check point Circle T (True) or F (False). T F The man may not be able to board the plane.

Transcript of Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue,...

Page 1: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Zero Conditionals

Check point

Circle T (True) or F (False).

T F The man may not be able to board the plane.

Page 2: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Express Check

Match the if clauses with the result clauses.

--------1. Lf you hate aeroplane food, --------2. You might not be able to board. --------3.if people travel a long distance.

a. They often get jet lag. b. You can order a special meal. c. If you don’t check in at the gate.

Grammar Explanations Examples

1. Use zero conditionals to talk about general

truths and scientific facts.

The if clause talks about the condition and

the result clause talks about what happens

if the condition occurs.

Use the present simple in both clauses

if clause result clause

• If it's noon in Lima, it's 6:00 p.m.

in Rome.

if clause result clause

• If air expands, it becomes

lighter.

Note: If means when in these contexts.

2. You can 'also-use zero conditionals to talk

about habits and recurring events (things

that happen again and again).

Use the present simple or present

continuous in the if clause, Use the

present simple in the result clause.

if clause result clause

• If Bill flies, he orders a special

meal.

if clause result clause

• If I’m travelling a long way, I

always fly.

3. You can also use modals in the result

clause.

• If you practise your Chinese

every day,

• you might learn more if you

listen to Chinese CDs.

4. Use the imperative in the result clause to

give instructions, commands and

invitations that depend on a certain

condition.

• If you want the seat to recline,

press the button.

• If the seat belt light is on, don’t

leave your seat.

• If you come to Tokyo, stay with

us.

5. You can begin conditional sentence with

the if clause. The meaning is the same.

Use a comma between the two clauses only

when the if clause comes first

• If the light goes on, fasten your

seat belt.

Or

• Fasten your seat belt if the light

goes on.

Page 3: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

First conditionals

Check point

Circle T (True) Of F (False).

T F Baker is definitely going to raise taxes. T F Small businesses are definitely going to leave.

If Baker raises taxes, small businesses will leave.

Page 4: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Conditionals- questions Result clause future If clause: Present What Will he do

Is he going to do If he wins the election?

Express Check

Unscramble these words to form Q sentence. Add a comma if necessary.

Fight• she • crime • she'll • If • wins

Grammar Explanations Examples

1. Use first conditional sentences to talk about what will happen under certain conditions in the future. The if clause states the condition. The result clause states the result.

Use the present simple in the if clause. Use

the future with will or be going to in the

result clause,

� BE CAREFUL: Even though the if clause

refers to the future, use the present simple

if clause result clause

• If Baker wins, he’ll raise i1se

taxes.

(It's a real possibility that Baker will win.)

• If Dent wins, she’ll improve

housing.

• If Dent wins, she’s going to

improve housing.

• If you want to vote, you must

register.

• If you don't vote, you might

regret it.

• If she wins, she'll fight crime.

NOT if she will win……

2. You can begin conditional sentence; with

the if clause or the result clause. The

meaning is the same.

Use a comma between the two clauses only

when the if clause comes first

• If you vote for Dent ,you won’t

regret it.

Or

• You won’t regret it if you vote

for Dent.

3.If and unless can both be used in

conditional sentence but their meaning are

very different.

Use unless to state a negative condition.

Unless often has the same meaning as

if………not.

• If you vote, you'll have a say in

the future of our country.

• Unless you vote, you won't have

a say in the future of our

country.

Or

• If you don’t vote, you won't

have a say in the future of our

country

Page 5: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Second Conditionals

Check Point

Circle T (True) Of F (False).

T F Schroeder, the piano player, wants to marry Lucy.

Express Check

Circle the words to complete this question.

What will/ would he do if / when he was / were a millionaire?

Page 6: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Grammar Explanations Examples

1. Use second conditional sentences to talk

about unreal, untrue, imagined or

impossible conditions and their results

in the present.

The if clause presents the unreal

condition. The result clause presents the

unreal result of that condition.

if clause result clause

• if I loved him, I would marry him.

(But I don't love him 50 1 won't marry him.)

if clause result clause

• if I had more time, I would travel.

(But 1 haven't got time, so I don't

travel.)

2. Use the past simple in the if clause use

would +base form of the verb in the

result clause.

�BE CAREFUL!

a.The' if clause uses the past simple form but the meaning is not past. b. Don't use would in the if clause in present unreal conditional sentences. c.Use were for all subjects when the verb in the if clause is a form of be.

USAGE NOTE: You will sometimes hear

native speakers use was in the if clause.

However, many people think that this is not

correct.

If clause result clause

• If they had money, they wouldn’t live there.

• If I had more money now, I world go on a trip round the world.

• If she knew the answer, she would tell you. NOT if she would know the answer…

• If I were rich, I would travel round the world. NOT if I was rich….

3. You can also use a modal in the result

clause.

• If I had time, I could read more.

4. You can begin conditional sentence

with the clause or the result clause.

The meaning is the same.

Use a comma between the two clauses

only when the if comes first.

• If I had more money, I would move. Or

• I would move if I had more money.

Page 7: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Third Conditionals

Check Point

Circle T (True) or F (False).

T F George Bailey was never in Bedford Falls.

Page 8: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Conditionals –questions Result clause If clause

What would you have done?

If you had money?

Express Check

Complete this sentence with the correct form of the verb study. Add a comma if

necessary.

I -------------------------------------- if I had known about the test today.

Grammar Explanations Examples

1. Use third conditional sentences to talk about past conditions and results that never happened.

The if clause presents the unreal

condition. The result clause presents the

imagined result of that condition.

clause result clause • If George had died young, he wouldn’t have had children.

(But he didn't die young and he did have children.) If George hadn’t been born, many

people’s lives would have been worse.

(But George was born 50 their lives were better.)

2. Use the past perfect in the if clause.

Use would have+ past participle in the result clause.

If clause result clause

• If the film had won an Oscar, it would have become famous immediately.

3. You can also use modals in the result clause.

• If George had gone to university, he might have become an architect.

• If George had become an architect, he could have designed bridges

4. You can begin conditional sentence with the if clause or the result clause. The meaning is the same. Use a comma between the two clauses only when the if clause comes first.

• If he had won a million dollars, he would have travelled to china.

Or

• He would have travelled to china if he had won a million dollars.

5. Third conditionals are often used to express regrets on what happened in the past.

• If I had known Mary was back, I would have invited her to the party.

(I would have I didn’t invite her.)

Page 9: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Direct and indirect speech:

Imperatives

Check Point

Tick the doctor's exact words.

� Eat a heavy meal before bed:

� Don't eat a heavy meal before bed:

� Not to eat a heavy meal before bed:

Express Check

Circle the correct words to complete these sentences.

� The doctor told me go / to go to bed at the same time every night.

� She said, “Don’t work / Not to work too hard.”

Page 10: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Grammar Explanations Examples

1. Direct speech is the exact word a speaker

used. In writing, use quotation marks.

Indirect speech reports what a speaker

said without. Using the exact words.

There are no quotation marks.

• Come early and bring your national

Health card: said the doctor.

• The doctor told her to come early and

bring her National Health card.

2. The reporting verb (such as say or tell) is usually in the past simple for both direct and indirect speech. BE CAREFUL! Put a personal direct object or someone’s name after tell. Do not put a personal direct object after say.

DIRECT SPEECH

• Drink warm milk; he said.

INDIRECT SPEECH

• He told me to drink warm milk.

• He said I should call him in the

morning.

NOT he told I should call him in the

morning.

3. Imperatives in direct speech use the base form of the verb. Imperatives in indirect speech use the infinitive to report: a. Instructions b. Commands c. Request d. Invitations

Direct speech Indirect speech

Come early; he

said.

“Wait”

Could you

please arrive by

8:00?

Could you join

us for lunch?

He said to come

early

He told me to

wait She asked him

to arrive by

8:00

She invited me

to join them for

lunch.

4. Use a negative infinitive (not+ infinitive) to report negative imperatives.

Direct speech Indirect speech

“Don’t go” He told her not

to go

5. Indirect speech, make changes to keep the speaker’s original meaning.

a. Change pronouns and possessives. b. Change the phrases. c.

• He said to Ann, “Tell me your

problem”

• He told Ann to tell him her problem

• Call me tomorrow

• She said to call her the next day.

• “Sign this form here”

• She told him to sign that form there.

Page 11: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Indirect speech

Statements (1)

Check Point

Tick the man’s exact words

� It looks great on you! � It looked great on me!

Express Check

Circle the correct words to complete this sentence.

She said/told the salesperson that she is/was going to buy the dress.

Page 12: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Grammar Explanations Examples

1. An indirect speech statement reports

what a speaker said without using the

exact words. The word that can

introduce the indirect statement but

you can also leave it out.

����BE CAREFUL !use say as the reporting

verb when the listener is not mentioned. Do

not use tell.

Direct speech

• It’s a great dress, he said.

Indirect speech

• He told her that it was a great dress.

• He told her it was a great dress.

• He said that it was a great dress

NOT he told that it was a great dress.

2. When the reporting verb is in the past simple, the verb in the indirect speech statement is usually in a different tense from the verb in the direct speech statement.

Direct speech Indirect speech Present simple ���� past simple Present continuous

����past continuous

Past simple ����past perfect Present perfect ����past perfect

Direct speech Indirect speech He said, “it’s lovely” He said it was lovely “I’m leaving” She said she was

leaving. “I did it” He said that he had

done it. He said to her, ”I’ve never lied”

He told her that he had never lied.

3. In indirect speech the change of the verb tense is optional when reporting:

a. Something someone has just said. b. Something that is still true c. A general truth or scientific law.

A: what did you just say?

B: I said I’m tired. Or I said I was tired.

• Rick said the bank wants a cheque.

• Rick said the bank wanted a cheque.

• She said that everyone lies sometime.

• She said that everyone lied sometime

4. When the reporting verb is in the present simple do not change the verb tense in indirect speech

• “I run a mile every day”

• She says that she runs a mile every day.

Page 13: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Indirect Speech:

Statement (2)

Check Point

Tick the weather forecaster's exact words.

� “It would be windy.”

� “It will be windy.”

Page 14: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Express Check

Read Jim's words. Tick the sentence that correctly reports what he said.

JIM: “I may move soon.”

� Jim said that I may move soon.

� Jim said that he might move soon.

Grammar Explanations Examples

1. As you learned in unit (indirect speech

statement 1), when the reporting verb

is in the past simple, the verb tense

usually changes in the indirect speech

statement.

Modals often change in the indirect

speech, too.

Direct speech Indirect speech will ����would Can ����could May ����might must ����had to

Direct speech Indirect speech She said, “it’s windy” She said it was

windy.

Direct speech Indirect speech I said,” the wind will be strong”

I said the wind would be strong.

They told us, “you can stay with us”

They told us we could stay with them.

He said, “the storm may last all night”

He said that the storm might last all night.

She told us, “ you must leave”

She told us we had to leave.

2. Some verb do not change in indirect speech.

a. Do not change should, could, might and ought to in indirect speech.

b. Do not change the past perfect in indirect speech.

c. Do not change verbs in the second and third conditional sentences in indirect speech.

d. Do not change past modals in indirect speech.

Direct speech Indirect speech

“You should listen to the weather report” he told us.

He told us that we should listen to the weather report.

“I had just moved here a week before,” she said.

She said she had just moved there a week before.

“If I knew, I would tell you”

Jim said if he knew, he would tell me.

“If 1 had known, I would have told you,” said Jim.

He said if he had known, he would have told me,

“I should have left” He said that he should have left.

Page 15: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Indirect Questions

The stress interview.

Check Point

Tick Ms Bentley's exact words.

� “Why were you still single?”

� “Why are you still single?”

Page 16: Zero Conditionals - piimt.us1. Use second conditional sentences to talk about unreal, untrue, imagined or impossible conditions and their results in the present. The if clause presents

Express Check

Unscramble these words to complete the indirect question. Why • he • job • his • left • had

He asked him………………………………………………………… Grammar Explanations Examples

1. Use if, whether or whether or not to

form indirect yes/no questions.

USAGE NOT: whether is more formal than

if.

Direct speech

• “Can you type?” she asked.

Indirect speech

• She asked if I could type.

• She asked whether (or not) I could

type.

2. In indirect yes / no questions, the subject comes before the verb, the same word order as in statements.

Direct Speech

• “Can I start tomorrow?”

Indirect Speech

• He asked if he could start tomorrow.

NOT he asked could he start tomorrow.

Direct speech

• “does the job proverbs benefits”

Indirect speech

• He asked if the job provided benefits.

NOT he asked does the job provide benefits.

3. Use questions words to form indirect Wh-questions.

Direct speech

• “Where is you office?” I asked.

Indirect speech

• I asked where his office was.

4. In indirect wh-questions, the subject also comes before the verb as in statement, and you do not use do, does or did.

In indirect wh-questions about the subject, the question word is the subject and the verb follows as in statement word order.

Direct Speech

• “Why did you leave you job?”

Indirect speech

• She asked me why I had left my job.

NOT she asked me why did l leave my job.

Direct speech

• Bob asked, “Who got the job?”

Indirect speech

• Bob asked who had got the job.