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Iliac spines, superior, anterior, 67, 79Iliofemoral ligament, 94, 104Iliohypogastric nerve, 59, 66Ilioinguinal nerve, 48, 61Iliopsoas muscle, 88, 97, 101, 107Iliopubic tract, 49, 61Ilium, abdominal aorta and, 55,

6475Incisive foramen, 117, 135Inferior vena cava, 39, 44, 45, 47, 53,

55, 63, 65Infraorbital artery, 116, 120, 136137Infraspinatus muscle, 12, 23Infratemporal fossa, 116Infratrochlear nerve, 112, 133Inguinal canal, 48, 61Inguinal fossae, medial, 48, 61Inguinal hernias, direct, 48, 61Inguinal ligament, 4749, 60, 61Inguinal rings, 48, 61

deep, 48, 60Inion, 109, 132Inspiration, diaphragm and, 54, 65Intercarpal joints, 18, 27Intercostal arteries

anterior, 34, 43posterior, 34, 43

Intercostal muscles, 34, 43Intercostal veins, posterior, 36, 43Intercostobrachial nerve, 12, 23, 34,

43Interosseous muscles, dorsal, 17, 26Interosseous nerve, anterior, 16, 26

Interventricular septum, 32, 42Intervertebral discs, cervical, 1, 7Iris, afferent fibers from, 116Ischial bursa, 91, 102Ischial tuberosities, 68, 7071, 77, 79,

81, 85, 91, 92, 102, 103Ischiocavernosus muscle, 71, 72, 77,

81, 82, 86

J

Jejunumcircular folds of, 51, 6263innervation of, 51, 62

Jugular foramen, 110, 132Jugular vein, internal, left, 39, 45

K

Kidneys. See also Renal entriesdiaphragmatic hernias and, 55, 64innervation of, 54, 65posterior surfaces of, 53, 64

Knee joint, 89, 101flexion of, 93, 104ligaments of, 95, 105menisci of. See Menisci

Lumbricals, 17, 98, 107Lunate surface, of acetabulum, 87,

100Lungs

development of, 38, 45gas exchange in, 32, 42left, bronchopulmonary segments

of, 3435, 43right, 32, 41surfactant in, 44, 47sympathetic stimulation of, 44, 47

Lymphatic system, breast cancerand, 31, 41

M

Malleoligrip on trochlea, 97, 106lateral, 87, 100medial, 87, 100

Malleus, head of, 131, 140Mammary glands, 34, 43Mandibles, depression of, 116117,

135Mandibular foramen, 124, 138Mandibular fossa, 130, 140Mandibular nerve, 121, 137Mandibular prominence, 125, 139Manubrium, of sternum, 40, 45Masseter muscle, 111, 126, 132, 139Mastication, muscles of, 110, 116, 132Mastoid process, 124, 130, 138, 140

lateral surface of, 122, 137

Maxillary artery, 117, 135Maxillary bones, 118, 135Maxillary nerve, 112, 130, 133, 140Medial epicondyle, 19, 27Median nerve, 1517, 20, 21, 25, 26,

28, 29recurrent branch of, 17, 26

Mediastinum, 35, 43Medulla oblongata, 114, 134Meningeal artery, middle, 111, 115,

124, 132, 134, 139Meninges

arterial branches to, 110, 132nerve branches to, 110, 132

Meningomyelocele, 5, 9Menisci, 95, 105

lateral, 94, 95, 105pain related to, 96, 106

medial, 9495, 105Mentalis muscle, 111, 132Mental nerve, 112, 133Mesenteric artery

inferior, 74, 84superior, 56, 65

Mesenteric vein, superior, 56, 65Mesentery, root of, 51, 62Mesoderm, 38, 44

146 Index

muscle stabilizing, 94, 104105stabilization of, 97, 106107unhappy triad of injuries to, 95,

105Kyphosis, 5, 8

LLabia minora, 72, 82development of, 73, 83frenulum of, 74, 84

Labyrinthine artery, 115, 117, 134,135

Lacrimal gland, parasympatheticfibers to, 115, 134

Lacrimal nerve, 111, 112, 132, 133Lacrimation, 124Lacunar ligament, 49, 61Lambda, 109, 132Lambdoid suture, 109, 132

Laryngeal arteryinferior, 123, 138superior, 123, 138

Laryngeal cartilages, 122, 138Laryngeal muscles, 122123, 138Laryngeal nerve, internal, 123, 138Larynx

connective tissue of, 125, 139sensory muscle of, 123, 138

Lateral cord, 21, 29Lateral plate mesoderm, 125, 139Latissimus dorsi muscle, 19, 28Le Fort I fractures, 124, 138

Leptomeningeal space, 4, 8Levator ani muscle, 74, 76, 77, 83, 85,

86Levatores costarum, 34, 43Levator scapulae muscles, 13, 24Ligament of Treitz, 51, 62Ligamentum arteriosum, 39, 45Limbs, innervation of, 3, 8Linea alba, 47, 60Lingual arteries, dorsal, 119, 136Lingual nerve, 118119, 127, 136, 139Lingual papillae, 118, 135Linguals, 32, 39, 41, 45

of left lung, 3435, 43Lips, elevation and protrusion of,

111, 132Lithotripsy, 75, 84Liver

caudate lobe of, 62lobes of, 56, 65round ligament of, 53, 63

Lobster claw deformity, 20, 28Longissimus muscle, 2, 7Longus capitis muscle, 3, 8Longus colli muscle, 2, 7Lordosis, during pregnancy, 8Lumbar spine, 1, 5, 7, 9