Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/...

58
ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE WITH AGRICULTURE IN OUR OPEN SPACE

Transcript of Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/...

Page 1: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE

WITH AGRICULTURE IN OUR OPEN SPACE

Page 2: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

JOYCE MEADER

BOARD MEMBER,THE LIVESTOCK INSTITUTE

OF SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND

RETIRED DAIRY/ LIVESTOCK EXTENSION

EDUCATOR, UCONN

Page 3: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

TODAY’S AGENDA- GREENHOUSE GASES OVERVIEW

- AGRICULTURE PRACTICES AS POTENTIAL SOURCES OF

GREENHOUSE GASES,

- ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGES TO PROVIDE FOR SUSTAINABLE

FOOD PRODUCTION

Page 4: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

US GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

EPA 2017

Page 5: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

US AGRICULTURE =

9% OF TOTAL U.S. GHG:

4.5% FERTILIZERS/ IRRIGATION(N2O)

3% BELCHING (METHANE)

1.5% MANURE STORAGE(N2O/ METHANE)

EPA 2017

A10

Page 6: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Slide 5

A10 Author, 3/7/2020

Page 7: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL

ON

CLIMATE CHANGE

(IPCC)

A6

Page 8: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Slide 6

A6 Author, 3/4/2020

Page 9: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

GLOBALGHG

EPA2015

Page 10: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

AGRICULTURE

GHG EMISSIONS

Global Agriculture Emissions 2009AR5 Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change

Page 11: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

U.S.CARBON DIOXIDE

EPA2017

Page 12: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

THE

CARBON

CYCLE

Page 13: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

SOIL TEXTURE (PER SOIL SURVEY)

SOIL ORGANIC MATTER (PER SOIL O.M. TESTS)

NUTRIENTS/ LIME APPLIED (PER SOIL TESTS)

IMPROVED CROP VARIETIES (PER TRIALS)

HARVESTING DECISIONS (PER ROOT STORAGE)

OPTIMIZING PLANT GROWTH/

ROOT HEALTH

Page 14: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

PERENNIALS grasses , legumes, fruits:

- Extensive roots / soil organic matter - Less planting/ harvesting and soil exposure - Less machinery fuel burned for planting

Page 15: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

ANNUALS CORN,

SOYBEANS, VEGETABLES

Lots of nutrients per acreBUT, Annual decompositionSO, Cover crops important

Page 16: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

COVER CROPS

- PLANTS THAT KEEP THE SOIL COVERED

- INTER SEEDED INTO GROWING CROPS -- OR SEEDED AFTER THE HARVEST

- PLANTING DEADLINE OFTEN MISSED !

A13

Page 17: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Slide 14

A13 Author, 3/8/2020

Page 18: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

LIVING ROOTS:

- A BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITY IN THE SOIL

- PROTECT SOIL FROM EROSION

- BUILD ORGANIC MATTER TO HOLD WATER

Page 19: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

SOIL ORGANIC MATTER

Page 20: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

- WATER HOLDING CAPACITY

- SOIL STRUCTURE (AIR/ WATER/ ROOTS)

- FEEDS MICROBES

- SLOW NUTRIENT RELEASE

- INCREASED PLANT YIELDS

ROLE OF ORGANIC MATTER IN SOILS

Page 21: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

SOIL ORGANIC MATTER

50% BREAKS DOWN OVER

100 - 1000 YEARS

Unless………

CARBON STORAGEA4

Page 22: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Slide 18

A4 Author, 3/1/2020

Page 23: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

TILLAGE BARE LANDEROSION

Exposes organic matter

Speeds up decomposition

CO2 EMISSION

EXPOSURE TO OXYGEN

Page 24: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

COULTERS OPEN SLIT

- SEED TUBE DEPOSITS SEED

- PACKER WHEELS CLOSE SLIT

-

NO TILL SEEDINGA2

Page 25: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Slide 20

A2 Author, 2/22/2020

Page 26: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

- Organic matter max = 15% in root zone

- Max reached up to 25 years after- tillage stops- root growth starts

Organic matter saturation point

Page 27: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

US GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN 2017

Page 28: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

SOURCES OF NITROUS OXIDE

A7

Page 29: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Slide 23

A7 Author, 3/6/2020

Page 30: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

N CYCLE

Manure Manager, September, 2016, Maximizing the

Page 31: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

- BALANCE RATIONS FOR N NEEDS

- FERTILIZER TIMING / QUANTITY / SITE

- COVER CROPS REMOVE EXCESS SOIL N

NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT TO REDUCE N20 EMISSIONS

Page 32: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

MICROBES FIX N IN LEGUME NODULES

SCHOOL OF PERMACULTURE

Page 33: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

U.S. METHANE SOURCESEPA, 2017

Page 34: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

METHANE

BELCHING

Page 35: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

SOURCES OF METHANE

Page 36: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^
Page 37: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

METHANE FROM MANURE STORAGE

<1% OF U.S. GHG

ANAEROBIC (NO OXYGEN)- SOLID STOCKPILES - LIQUID LAGOONS

- DIGESTORS(NO EMISSION)

A14

Page 38: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Slide 31

A14 Author, 3/23/2020

Page 39: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION EFFICIENCYREDUCES

METHANE/ UNIT OF FOOD

•Animal health and genetics

•Livestock Nutrition- Improved forage quality

- Healthy supplementation

A8

Page 40: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Slide 32

A8 Author, 3/7/2020

Page 41: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Improved Forage Quality

• High energy annual forage (c.silage,etc) • Immature haylage or dry hay• Rotationally grazed pastures (12 - 4” tall)

Page 42: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

- Forage tested…..animal needs met?

- Supplemented for desired rate of gain/ product quality and yield

Corn, small grains, food by-products

- Income above feedcosts determined

Forage Supplementation?

Page 43: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

A5A11

Page 44: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Slide 35

A5 Author, 3/3/2020

A11 Author, 3/7/2020

Page 45: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

It Depends on Forage Quality!

Marbling of beef requires over 2 lbs gain/day during finishing phase

Lambs/ kids need 0.25 lbs gain/day to reach desired 100 pounds yearling wt.

GRASS FINISHING OF RUMINANTS

I

A15

Page 46: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Slide 36

A15 Author, 4/2/2020

Page 47: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

FINISHING PHASE GRAIN VS GRASS________________________________________Average Daily Gain, lbs 4.0 2.0Days of finishing 172 200Carcass weight, lbs 900 600Feed / gain 5.7 13.0Acres per animal 0.6 1.0

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

MICHIGAN STATE U., 2018 STUDY

Page 48: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Greenhouse Gas (lbs CO2e/lb carcass) ONLYFINISHING PHASE GRAIN VS FORAGEFuel emissions + 0.1 + 0.2Feed emissions + 2 + 2Manure emissions + 2 +2.5Belching emissions + 2 + 5_

+6.1 +9.7Soil carbon sequestered 0 -16.0Net, lb CO2 e/ lb carcass +6.1 - 6.3

*C sink*Until Soil Organic Matter reaches saturation point

MICHIGAN STATE U., 2018

Page 49: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

REDUCING YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT

Alternative choices to reduce

Greenhouse GasesAction

Per yearGHGsavings

CO2 e,lbs

Diet vegetables reducedDiet cheese reducedDiet white meat reducedDiet beef reduced

Clothesline for drying

Improve car efficiency,+5 mpg

180 days X 0.1/ per 8 oz180 days X 1.5/ per 4 oz180 days X 1.5/ per 4 oz180 days X 6.6 / per 4 oz

10,000 mi

- 36- 270- 270- 1200

- 1200

- 1200

Upgrade to Energy Star Bulbs, boiler, fridge, windows replaced

- 5500

Page 50: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

PROJECTED PRECIPITATION CHANGE BY SEASON 2070-2100

Climate Change Impacts in the US

Page 51: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

PROJECTED PRECIPITATION BY SEASON 2070-2100

Page 52: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

HOW WILL FARMERS ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE?How will farmers adapt to Summer Droughts?

1.Drought resistant species/ varieties

2.Soil moisture protected(conservation tillage, plastic)

3. Cover crops/perennials to increase OM

Page 53: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Continued:

4. Water sources upgraded (irrigation, waterers)

5. Emergency feed (barn feeding to rest pastures)

6. High tunnels / barns (protection from hot sun)

Page 54: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

1. Disease resistant species/ varieties

2. Select crops resistant to lodging

3. Slopes planted to perennial crops

4. Annual crops in flood prone areas

HOW WILL FARMERS ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE?

Heavy Precipitation Events

Page 55: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

5. Drainage tiles on cropland

6. Drainage of livestock heavy use areas

7. High tunnels (for high value crops)

8. Surface protected withresidue or cover crops

Page 56: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

CONSERVATION LEASES

DEVELOPING A WIN-WIN ARRANGEMENT

Page 57: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

Operation and Maintenance of Land:

“The land shall be continuously covered with growing

perennial or annual crops, ensuring adequate soil

organic matter . Winter cover crops will be seeded as

the cash crop is harvested, with a deadline of _______

to protect land from erosion until spring seeding.

Crops will be fertilized at proper rate and timing .

LAND LEASEThis lease made the _______ day of _____ __,_2020,

between_______________, owner, of _________________________, and __________________, lessee, of _______________,MA

Page 58: Z ^^/E' >/D d , E' · ^K/> d ydhZ ~W Z ^K/> ^hZs z ^K/> KZ' E/ D dd Z ~W Z ^K/> K XD X d ^d^ EhdZ/ Ed^ l >/D WW>/ ~W Z ^K/> d ^d^ /DWZKs ZKW s Z/ d/ ^ ~W Z dZ/ >^ , Zs ^d/E' /^/KE^

THANK YOU!

JOYCE [email protected]


Z & Z E /Ed Z KEE d K&& Z ZZ/ ' K& , EE >^ · W P í } ( í ñ & } 'h/> /'/d > E dtKZ< WZ/s d >/D/d & } } Z & Z E /Ed Z KEE d K&& Z ZZ/ ' K& , EE >^

Z & Z E /Ed Z KEE d K&& Z ZZ/ ' K& , EE >^ · W P í } ( í ñ & } 'h/> /'/d > E dtKZ< WZ/s d >/D/d & } } Z & Z E /Ed Z KEE d K&& Z ZZ/ ' K& , EE >^

20210310 - Tabela de Honorários e Procedimentos da à rea ......K /'K /d /Wh ^ Z/ K K WZK /D EdK &Z K WKZd WKZd h^dK KW Z /KE > hy/>/ Z ^ WKZd E ^d ^/ K /E / E / &/>D hE/ Z /K>K'

20210310 - Tabela de Honorários e Procedimentos da à rea ......K /'K /d /Wh ^ Z/ K K WZK /D EdK &Z K WKZd WKZd h^dK KW Z /KE > hy/>/ Z ^ WKZd E ^d ^/ K /E / E / &/>D hE/ Z /K>K'

I h y k g b l e v g Z i b k d Z ; Z e d Z j k d b c u d 5 ... · I h y k g b l _ e v g Z i b k d Z ; Z e d Z j k d b c u d 5 e Z k k. Рабочая программа учебного

I h y k g b l e v g Z i b k d Z ; Z e d Z j k d b c u d 5 ... · I h y k g b l _ e v g Z i b k d Z ; Z e d Z j k d b c u d 5 e Z k k. Рабочая программа учебного

^d ^/ ^ K& > dZ/ > E d 'KZz d W Z /d z Z K& > dZKE/ ^ E'/E ...

^d ^/ ^ K& > dZ/ > E d 'KZz d W Z /d z Z K& > dZKE/ ^ E'/E ...

e Z k b g k d b c K l j Z k l b Z d k b f m - pseudology.org · 1 I Z \ _ e Z k b g k d b c K l j Z k l b Z d k b f m Документальный роман о Максиме Горьком

e Z k b g k d b c K l j Z k l b Z d k b f m - pseudology.org · 1 I Z \ _ e Z k b g k d b c K l j Z k l b Z d k b f m Документальный роман о Максиме Горьком

K >/' dKZ/K Z D/d/Z KW/ > /E'Z ^K > KZZ K - Colombofilia CV

K >/' dKZ/K Z D/d/Z KW/ > /E'Z ^K > KZZ K - Colombofilia CV

&KZDh> Z/K / /KE > /E^ >h Z/ l W Z/ h>K^/ K ^ X W ^d &KZDh ... · ^ E K U Z ^WKE Z W E ^ Yh ^d K í X ^ ^/D U Z ^WKE Z Yh ^dO ^ /yK EK s Z^K X D D K^ K^ ^K^ U d Ed Z W Z > Z K Z ^WKE^

&KZDh> Z/K / /KE > /E^ >h Z/ l W Z/ h>K^/ K ^ X W ^d &KZDh ... · ^ E K U Z ^WKE Z W E ^ Yh ^d K í X ^ ^/D U Z ^WKE Z Yh ^dO ^ /yK EK s Z^K X D D K^ K^ ^K^ U d Ed Z W Z > Z K Z ^WKE^

KhEdzdKtE t d Z K z& />/dz Wh z/ KtE Z^,/W ^^ zdzW& ^/d ...KhEdzdKtE t d Z K z& />/dz Wh z/ KtE Z^,/W ^^ zdzW& ^/d ^^W Z

KhEdzdKtE t d Z K z& />/dz Wh z/ KtE Z^,/W ^^ zdzW& ^/d ...KhEdzdKtE t d Z K z& />/dz Wh z/ KtE Z^,/W ^^ zdzW& ^/d ^^W Z

D /E ^' Z/ ^ /Z/K K y hd/sK d Z s& /ZUîô ^ d D ZK îìîíu JU ...

D /E ^' Z/ ^ /Z/K K y hd/sK d Z s& /ZUîô ^ d D ZK îìîíu JU ...

Z &KZD/E' d, t >& Z ^d d &KZ & /Z >>K d/KE K& Wh >/ Z ^KhZ ...

Z &KZD/E' d, t >& Z ^d d &KZ & /Z >>K d/KE K& Wh >/ Z ^KhZ ...

Z/K >/D Ed Z

Z/K >/D Ed Z

W Z K ^ / /E ' ^ D /E Z E ^ /K E > d < E K > K ' / /E & K ...

W Z K ^ / /E ' ^ D /E Z E ^ /K E > d < E K > K ' / /E & K ...

EK D / ^ ^h s/ ^/ ^d ^ D Z K W/ E^ ^ ^d Z>K EK ^ > K,K>‘A.pdf · EK D / ^ ^h s/ ^/ ^d ^ D Z K W/ E^ ^ ^d Z>K EK ^ > K,K> ì õ l ì õ _ D µ v ] o o ^ _ v } u o } Z o ] } & o }

EK D / ^ ^h s/ ^/ ^d ^ D Z K W/ E^ ^ ^d Z>K EK ^ > K,K>‘A.pdf · EK D / ^ ^h s/ ^/ ^d ^ D Z K W/ E^ ^ ^d Z>K EK ^ > K,K> ì õ l ì õ _ D µ v ] o o ^ _ v } u o } Z o ] } & o }

KE^MZ /K Wj >/ K /Ed Z& Z d/sK ^ j K^d K ^ K Z/D EdK ZdhZ ... · KE^MZ /K Wj >/ K /Ed Z& Z d/sK ^ j K^d K ^ K Z/D EdK WZK ^^K ^ > d/sK Wj >/ K W Z WZ E ,/D EdK s ' ^ DWZ 'K Wj >

KE^MZ /K Wj >/ K /Ed Z& Z d/sK ^ j K^d K ^ K Z/D EdK ZdhZ ... · KE^MZ /K Wj >/ K /Ed Z& Z d/sK ^ j K^d K ^ K Z/D EdK WZK ^^K ^ > d/sK Wj >/ K W Z WZ E ,/D EdK s ' ^ DWZ 'K Wj >

d > ^dZ d '/ K WK/K ^ O ^ yd E^/KE/^d ^ W Z K E&Z Ed D ...

d > ^dZ d '/ K WK/K ^ O ^ yd E^/KE/^d ^ W Z K E&Z Ed D ...

ZE d < D Z />/dz /E /'/>K < Z r h^ Z D Eh >kseeb.kar.nic.in/docs/digilocker.pdf · ^^> ~< ZE d < D Z />/dz /E /'/>K

ZE d < D Z />/dz /E /'/>K < Z r h^ Z D Eh >kseeb.kar.nic.in/docs/digilocker.pdf · ^^> ~< ZE d < D Z />/dz /E /'/>K

W h E d h > d Z ^ K E / K ^ W < W Z d Z d D / E d K / D W ...

W h E d h > d Z ^ K E / K ^ W < W Z d Z d D / E d K / D W ...

td: r D r t · 2019. 6. 27. · ^D ^ ^ Z Yh WZKs ^^/^d Ed :h / / Z/K t ^^/^d Ed d E/ K :h / / Z/K K d: r D s / K KZZ Z Yh/ ð D ^ ^ M ^ Z Yh ó ì 9 hD EKd Yh W Z ^ Z WZKs K M _ d

td: r D r t · 2019. 6. 27. · ^D ^ ^ Z Yh WZKs ^^/^d Ed :h / / Z/K t ^^/^d Ed d E/ K :h / / Z/K K d: r D s / K KZZ Z Yh/ ð D ^ ^ M ^ Z Yh ó ì 9 hD EKd Yh W Z ^ Z WZKs K M _ d

WZKdK K>>K [/Ed ^ W Z ' Z Ed/Z > [ ss/K >> [ EEK ^ K> ^d ......WZKdK K>>K [/Ed ^ W Z ' Z Ed/Z > [ ss/K >> [ EEK ^ K> ^d/ K E > Z/^W ddK >> Z 'K> / ^/ hZ W Z /> KEd E/D EdK >> /&&h^/KE

WZKdK K>>K [/Ed ^ W Z ' Z Ed/Z > [ ss/K >> [ EEK ^ K> ^d ......WZKdK K>>K [/Ed ^ W Z ' Z Ed/Z > [ ss/K >> [ EEK ^ K> ^d/ K E > Z/^W ddK >> Z 'K> / ^/ hZ W Z /> KEd E/D EdK >> /&&h^/KE

D/E/^d Z/K h K - Universidade Federal do Paráceps.ufpa.br/images/conteudo/residencia/Multiprofissional...D/E/^d Z/K h K hE/s Z^/ & Z > K W Z WZM rZ /dKZ/ W ^Yh/^ WM^ r'Z h K WZK ^^K

D/E/^d Z/K h K - Universidade Federal do Paráceps.ufpa.br/images/conteudo/residencia/Multiprofissional...D/E/^d Z/K h K hE/s Z^/ & Z > K W Z WZM rZ /dKZ/ W ^Yh/^ WM^ r'Z h K WZK ^^K