Yvonne Hübner - Electric vehicle and infrastructure trials in the north east of england
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Transcript of Yvonne Hübner - Electric vehicle and infrastructure trials in the north east of england
Electric vehicle and
infrastructure trials in the
North East of England
Dr. Yvonne Hübner
Transport Operations Research Group
Newcastle University
SWITCH-EV trial
• Programme Nationally funded by the Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV)
• £7.8m over 3 years to March 2013
• Install 1300 charging points
• Public & private access, workplace, domestic & Quick charging points
• With interoperability, comms capability & EV user support
• Work with OLEV and other UK PIP projects to :
• Advance the development of common standards,
• evaluate different technologies,
• harmonise local incentives,
• understand user-behaviours & impact upon infrastructure
Plugged in Places (PIP)
Data collection
Trip summary
Journey statistics
• Average journey length: 8.93 km
• Longest journey: 117.3 km
• Average journey duration: 33:12 min
• Total journey distance: 65,036 km
• Total number of journeys: 7,196
• Total number of charges: 2,199
• Total energy transferred: 11,595 kWh
Data from Dec 2010 to May 2011
Cumulative % of total trips
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Distance (miles)
SWITCH-EV data
DfTdata (2006)
Source: DfT Carbon Pathways Analysis
Estimate of journey length before the trial
• People were asked in the pre-trip questionnaire: “How many miles do you expect to complete per trip?”
• Compared to actual journey length, people over-estimate their trip length.
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
0-5
mile
s
6-1
0 m
iles
11
-15 m
iles
16
-20 m
iles
21
-25 m
iles
26
-50 m
iles
50 m
iles +
I cannot pre
dic
t / m
y
usage is e
xpecte
d …
How many miles do you expect to complete per trip?
Topology
Driver behaviour
Range for EVs
Work and home energy transfer
distribution
EV recharging profiles
UK power demand profile
Source: National Grid
Theoretical limits vs real world
• The carbon content of electricity for a 6 hour
recharge is:
• A minimum of 372gCO2/kWh
• A maximum of 464gCO2/kWh
• Approximately 100gCO2/kWh can be saved for
shorter recharging times
• Average from trials so far is 457gCO2/kWh
• Optimum recharging time would be overnight
(12pm – 6am)
Charging behaviour - First month
• The data shown here
is the average
charge transfer per
charging event
• It can be seen that
there is a statistically
significant increase
in power transfer
during the first month
of use
Charging behaviour - Second month
However, in the
second month,
although there is a
slight downward
trend, it can be seen
that this is not
statistically
significant.
How do you expect the top speed of the electric car will
be compared to the ICE equivalent?
The expressions on
peoples’ faces as
you are overtaking
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
about the same faster than an ICE
slower than an ICE
no expectation
% o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Before trial
After trial
I’ve reduced the
speed. I don’t race
to places, keep it
about 58mph and
I’m not using the
fuel I used to use.
How do you expect the acceleration of the
electric vehicle will be compared to the ICE?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
about the same
faster than an ICE
slower than an ICE
no expectation
% o
f re
sp
on
se
nts
Before trial
After trial
It does overtake very
nicely actually, on a
long straight section
between here and
Bellingham it would
out-accelerate other
cars, which is
reassuring!
You can
overtake, you
can whizz by […]
Would you consider buying and EV?
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
50.0%
Yes, as my primary car
Yes, but as a second car
only
No
SWITCH-EV driver responses
Only 13% of AA members
said that they “I would
seriously consider buying
an electric car within the
next two years”
Participant 1: […] if money
was no object I’d buy one…
Participant 2: …yeah, me
too…
Participant 1: … but it is an
object.
Conclusion and recommendations
• Drivers enjoy electric vehicles
• In order to change people’s attitudes
towards EVs, we need them to drive the
cars
• Vehicle range depends on driving
behaviour, topology, congestion
• CO2 emissions depend on charging
behaviour, energy mix and driving style
• Smart metering
Contact and further information
Dr. Yvonne Hübner
Transport Operations Research Group (TORG)
http://www.ceg.ncl.ac.uk/transport/index.htm
transportNewcastle
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/transport/