ys[kd · ys[kd MkW- fefFkys'k ik.Ms; midkj izdk'ku] vkxjk&2 la'kksf/kr ,oa uohu iSVuZ ij vk/kkfjr...

ys[kdMkW- fefFkys'k ik.Ms;

midkj izdk'ku] vkxjk&2

la'kksf/kr ,oa uohu iSVuZ ij vk/kkfjr iqLrd

(f}rh; ,oa r`rh; iz'u&i=)

( ii )

© Ádk'kd

Ádk'kdmidkj Ádk'ku2/11,] Lons'kh chek uxj] 'kkg flusek ds lkeus] vkxjkμ282 002Qksu % 4053333, 2530966, 2531101: QSDl % (0562) 4053330E-mail : [email protected], Website : www.upkar.in

czkap vkWfQl4845, vUlkjh jksM] nfj;kxat] ikjl Hkou (izFke ry)] 16-11-23/37, ewlkjkeckx] Vhxu xqMk]ubZ fnYyhμ110 002 [ktkaph jksM] iVukμ800 004 vkjVh, vkWfQl osG lkeus esu jksM]Qksu % 011–23251844/66 Qksu % 0612–2673340 vkU/kzk cSad osG cxy esa

gSnjkcknμ500 036 (rsyaxkuk)Qksu % 040–24557283

H-3, CykWd&B, E;wfufliy izhfelsl] B-33, CyaV LDok;j] 8-310/1, ,- ds- gkml]No. 15/2, xkfyQ LV™hV] dkuiqj VSDlh LVS.M ysu] eoba;k] ghjkuxj] gY}kuh]ih- ,l- ';keiqoqGj] y[ku≈μ226 004 (U.P.) ftykμuSuhrkyμ263139 (mŸkjk[k.M)dksydkrkμ700 003 Qksu % 0522–4109080 eksck- % 7060421008eksck- % 07439359515

1461, twuh 'kqÿokjh] 63-64, oSGyk'k ekxZ]lDdjnjk jksM] xzkm.M ∂yksj]guqeku efUnj ds lkeus] Jhth ,osU;w] eygkjxat]ukxiqjμ440 009 (egkjk"V™) bUnkSjμ452 002 (e/; izns'k)Qksu % 0712–6564222 Qksu % 9203908088

� bl iqLrd dks Ádkf'kr djus esa Ádk'kd }kjk iw.kZ lko/kkuh cjrh xbZ gS] fQj Hkh fdlh=qfV ds fy, Ádk'kd ftEesnkj ugha gksxk-

� bl iqLrd dks vFkok blds fdlh va'k dks fcuk Ádk'kd dh fyf[kr vuqefr ds] fdlhHkh :i&QksVksxzkQh] fo|qr&xzkfQd] ;kfU=dh vFkok vU; :i esa fdlh Hkh izdkj ls mi;ksxds fy, ugha Nkik tk ldrk gS-

� fdlh Hkh ifjokn ds fy, U;kf;d {ks= dsoy vkxjk gh gksxk-

ISBN : 978-93-5013-596-9

Code No. 2328

eqÊd % midkj izdk'ku] fÁafVax ;wfuV] ckbZ-ikl] vkxjk

( iii )

izkLrkfode~(FOREWORD)

;w- th- lh- usV @ ts- vkj- ,Q- ijh{kk;k% laLœrikBÓÿes laLœrek/;eL; vfuok;Zr;k lEizfr rnuq:i&laLœr&iqfLrdk;k%ijeko';drk orZrsA ijh{kkfFkZuks fo|kfFkZu'p fgUnh&iqLrdS% fo"k;ef/kxE; iqu% laLœrkuqoknek/;esu v/;;us ijh{kkfC/klarj.ksok layXuk% HkofUrA vusu izdkjs.k rs ijh{kkfFkZu% vLekr~ ÊkfoMizk.kk;kekr~ dkfBU;euqHkou~ fpUrk&fo"k&foew£PNrk% HkofUrAvr ,o lkEizfrds ijh{kkiz/kku;qxs ,rkn`'kL;kfi dL;pu iqLrdL; vko';drk vLR;so_ ;su iqLrdsu Nk=k.kka ijh{kkfC/klarj.kalqdja L;kr~A ,rnFkZeso vLenh;ks∑;a iz;kl%] rL;So Qy:is.k iqLrdfena Hkorka ijh{kkfFkZuka gLrs"kq lefiZre~A

KkrO;efLr ;r~ ;w-th-lh-usV-ikBÓ;ÿes cgo% laLœrxzUFkk% fu/kkZfjrk% lfUrA rs"kka losZ"kka xzUFkk.kka ladyua Nk=k.kka œrsu dsoya d‘dje~ vfirq nqyZHkeI;fLrA vr ,o rs"kka losZ"kka xzUFkk.kka lkjka'ka LohœR; ;w-th-lh-usV-fo"k;dkfu lokZf.k rF;kfueufl fu/kk; oSKkfudjhR;k la;ksT; p lqcks/k'kSY;ka e;k xzUFkks∑;a izLrw;rsA xzUFks∑fLeu~ izl¬izkIr&xzUFkk.kka xzUFkdkjk.kka rs"kkafof'k‘flºkUrkuka p ifjp;kReda fooj.kkRedÄ rF;a ;FkkLFkkua iznŸkefLrA

laLœrKk% HkoUr% losZ tkuUR;so ;r~ œrKrkKkiua Hkkjrh;laLœrs% fpjUrua rF;efLr_ r=knkS xzUFkL;kL; lQyrk;SHkxoUra Hkokuhifra fo'oukFka lJºa iz.kE;] izkr%Lej.kh;a LoxhZ;a firja izrkiukjk;.ka lEiwT;] ekrq% 'kkjnknsO;k% pj.kdey;ks%iz.krks∑fLeA fo'ofo[;kroSnq";k.kke~ vLen~ xq#ojk.kka dk'kh&fgUnw&fo'ofo|ky;L; iwoZlaLœrfoHkkxk/;{kk.kka Lo- izks-Jhukjk;.kfeJ&egksn;kuka Lej.ka ueua iz.keuÄ vko';dfefr eRok rnh;&ikni˘;ks% Hkw;ks Hkw;% iz.krks∑fLeA

lqgnks ;Fkkolja ;s e;k i‘k% Lofopkjs.k eke œrkFk± droUr%] rs MkW- ';kekuUnfeJ% (lkfgR;foHkkx%] laLœr&fo|k&/keZ&foKku&ladk;% ch-,p-;w-] okjk.klh)] MkW- gjh'ojnhf{kr% (osnfoHkkxk/;{k%] laLœr&fo|k&/keZ&foKku&ladk;% ch-,p-;w-]okjk.klh)] MkW- jatudqekjf=ikBh (laLœrfoHkkx%] Mh- ;w-] fnYyh)] MkW- deys'kdqekjflag% (jktuhfrfoKkufoHkkxk/;{k%] ds-,- (ih-th-) dkyst] dklxate~)] MkW- t;Ur'kekZ (laLœrfoHkkx%] njax&egkfo|ky;%] rstiqje~] vklke%)] Jh xk;=hizlknflag%(iwoZizkpk;Z%] ifCyd&dkyst&pkSfd;k] lqyrkuiqje~)] MkW- yTtk HkÍ% (laLœrfoHkkx%] dqek;w° fo'ofo|ky;%] uSuhrkye~)]MkW- vuhrk R;kxh (laLœrfoHkkxk/;{k%] jktdh;&efgyk egkfo|ky;%] cjsyh)] MkW- fot;d.kZ% (laLœrfoHkkxk/;{k%] fo|kUr&egkfo|ky;% y[ku≈)] Jh œ".keqjkfjfrokjh (xqokgkVh] vklke%)] MkW- JhdkUrfeJ% (osnkUrn'kZufoHkkxk/;{k%] ,-ih-,l-fo'ofo|ky;%] jhokW)] eksgEen&bdcky% (vgjkSyh] dklxate~)] Jherh jf'eflagjkBkSj% (>ksBokM+k] t;iqje~)] p /kU;oknek=&iznkusu ekeu`.ka dfj";fUr bR;k'kkfUorks∑fLeA es lg/kfeZ.kh Jherh nqxkZorh ik.Ms;%] lqiq=h dq- izKk ik.Ms;%] iq=kS iz.koik.Ms;%izHkoik.Ms;'p] losZ /kU;oknkgkZ% lfUr] ;s"kka lrr&lg;ksxsu dk;Zfena iw.k± tkre~A

midkjizdk'kuL; O;oLFkkidk% Jh egsUÊtSu&egkHkkxk% Hk`'ka lk/kqoknkgkZ% lfUr] ;s"kka lRiz;klsu lkSgknsZu p iqLrdfenaizdk';s uhre~A ,rsu Nk=k.kka fgra Hkfo";fr psr~ Lodh;a ifjJea lQyega eU;sA ufg loZ% lo± tkukfr* bfr jhR;k∑= vKkusuizeknsu ok dk'pu =qV;% L;qLrk% la'kks/; fo}f⁄% lwpuh;ks∑;a tu% bfr ikSu%iqU;su e;k izkF;ZrsA

fonq"kkekJo%

MkW- fefFkys'k&ik.Ms;%(,lksf'k,V&izksQslj] laLœrfoHkkx%]

ds-,- (ih-th-) dkyst] dklxate~μ207123

( v )

fo"k;kuqÿef.kdk(Content Table)

◆ izkLrkfode~ (Foreword)

◆ ikBÓÿe% (Syllabus)

◆ iwoZiz'ui=kf.k (Old Question Papers)

1. oSfnd&lkfgR;e~ (Vedic Literature) ............................................................... 3–1271. osnkuka jpukdky% (Dating of Vedas) ......................................................................................... 4

2. ΩXosn&lafgrk (Rigveda-Sanhita) .............................................................................................. 5

3. ;tqosZn&lafgrk (Yajurveda-Sanhita) ........................................................................................... 5

4. lkeosn&lafgrk (Samaveda-Sanhita) ......................................................................................... 6

5. vFkoZosn&lafgrk (Atharvaveda-Sanhita) .................................................................................. 6

6. izlaxizkIr&oSfnd&nsorkuka Lo:i&lkekU;e~(General Images of Prescribed Vedic Dedies) ...................................................................... 7

7. izlaxizkIr&oSfnd&lw‰kfu (Prescribed Vedic Hymns) ............................................................... 8

7.1. vfXulw‰e~ (ΩXosn- 1.1) ................................................................................................... 8

7.2. o#.klw‰e~ (Ωd~- 1.25) .................................................................................................... 10

7.3. lw;Zlw‰e~ (Ωd~- 1.125) ..................................................................................................... 11

7.4. bUÊlw‰e~ (Ωd~- 2.12) ...................................................................................................... 12

7.5. fo'okfe=&unh&laokn&lw‰e~ (ΩXosn- 3.33) ...................................................................... 15

7.6. m"kl~lw‰e~ (Ωd~- 3.61) ..................................................................................................... 16

7.7. itZU;lw‰e~ (Ωd~- 5.83) ................................................................................................... 16

7.8. ;e&;eh&laokn&lw‰e~ (ΩXosn- 10.10) ............................................................................. 17

7.9. iq#"klw‰e~ (Ωd~- 10.90) ................................................................................................... 18

7.10. iq#jok&moZ'kh&laokn&lw‰e~ (ΩXosn- 10.95) ...................................................................... 20

7.11. ljek&if.k&laokn&lw‰e~ (ΩXosn- 10.108) ........................................................................ 21

7.12. fgj.;xHkZlw‰e~ (Ωd~- 10.121) .......................................................................................... 22

7.13. okd~lw‰e~ (Ωd~- 10.125) ................................................................................................. 23

7.14. uklnh;lw‰e~ (Ωd~- 10.129) ............................................................................................ 25

7.15. iztkifrlw‰e~ (;tqosZn- 32.1–5) ......................................................................................... 27

7.16. f'koladYilw‰e~ (;tqosZn- 34.1–6) .................................................................................... 27

( vi )

7.17. jk‘™kfHko/kZulw‰e~ (vFkoZosZn- 1.29) .................................................................................. 28

7.18. ifFkohlw‰e~ (vFkoZosZn- 12.1) .......................................................................................... 28

7.19. dkylw‰e~ (vFkoZosZn- 19.53) .......................................................................................... 30

8. czk„.k&lkfgR;e~ (Brahmana Literature) ................................................................................ 30

9. vkj.;dlkfgR;e~ (Aranyaka Literature) ............................................................................... 36

10. mifu"kn~&xzUFkk% foosP;&fo"k;k'p (Upanishad Literature and Its Subject-matter) .............. 37

10.1. bZ'kkokL;ksifu"kn~ .............................................................................................................. 41

10.2. dsuksifu"kn~ ..................................................................................................................... 41

10.3. dBksifu"kn~ ..................................................................................................................... 43

10.4. iz'uksifu"kn~ .................................................................................................................... 47

10.5. eq.Mdksifu"kn ................................................................................................................. 50

10.6. ek.MwD;ksifu"kn~ ............................................................................................................... 53

10.7. rSfŸkjh;ksifu"kn~ ................................................................................................................ 53

10.8. ,srjs;ksifu"kn~ ................................................................................................................... 58

10.9. NkUnkX;ksifu"kn~ ............................................................................................................... 59

10.10. cgnkj.;dksifu"kn~ .......................................................................................................... 62

10.11. 'osrk'rjksifu"kn~ ............................................................................................................. 67

11. oSfnd&Lojizfÿ;k (Vedic Accent Process) ............................................................................ 69

12. inikB% (The Recension of Vedic Stanzas) ........................................................................ 70

13. oSfnd&ykSfdd&laLœr;ks% Hksn% (Differences between Vedic and Laukik Sanskrit) ........... 71

14. oSfndO;k[;k&iºfr% (Customs of Vedic Commentaries) .................................................... 72

15. osnk¬kfu (Auxiliaries of The Veda) ...................................................................................... 78

15.1. f'k{kk'kkL=e~ .................................................................................................................... 78

15.2. izkfr'kk[;'kkL=e~ ............................................................................................................ 79

15.3. ikf.kuh;f'k{kk ................................................................................................................. 80

15.4. dYilw=e~ ....................................................................................................................... 82

15.5. O;kdj.k'kkL=e~ ............................................................................................................... 83

15.6. fu#‰e~ .......................................................................................................................... 83

15.7. NUn'kkL=e~ ..................................................................................................................... 88

15.8. T;ksfr"k'kkL=e~ ................................................................................................................. 88

16. oLrqfu◊&iz'uk% (Objective Questions) ................................................................................. 88

2. n'kZu'kkÛe~ (Philosophical Treatise) ..........................................................128–2341. ukfLrdn'kZue~ (Atheist Philosophy) .................................................................................... 128

1.1. pkokZdn'kZue~ ................................................................................................................. 128

1.2. ckSºn'kZue~ ..................................................................................................................... 129

1.3. tSun'kZue~ ...................................................................................................................... 134

( vii )

2. vkfLrdn'kZue~ (Theist Philosophy) ..................................................................................... 139

2.1. lka[;n'kZue~ ................................................................................................................... 139

2.2. ;ksxn'kZue~ ...................................................................................................................... 148

2.3. oS'ksf"kdn'kZue~ ................................................................................................................ 156

2.4. U;k;n'kZue~ ..................................................................................................................... 164

2.5. ehekalkn'kZue~ ................................................................................................................. 172

2.6. osnkUrn'kZue~ .................................................................................................................. 182


3. O;kdj.ka Hkk"kkfoKkua okD;inh;Ä(Grammar, Linguistics and Vakyapadiyam) ........................................... 235–329

1. flºkUrdkSeqnh (Siddhantakaumudee) ..................................................................................... 236

1.1. ifjHkk"kk laKk p .............................................................................................................. 236

1.2. dkjde~ foHkf‰Ä ........................................................................................................... 239

1.3. lekl% ........................................................................................................................... 246

1.4. vFkœnUrs œR;izfÿ;k .................................................................................................... 264

1.5. vFkrfºrs"kq eRoFkhZ;k% ..................................................................................................... 269

1.6. frM~Urs izdj.ks Hkw&/kkrq% ................................................................................................... 273

1.7. fr≥~ursizdj.ks ,/k~&/kkrq% ................................................................................................. 276

1.8. vFkL=hizR;;izdj.ke~ ..................................................................................................... 278

2. O;kdj.k&egkHkk";e~ (iLi'kkf de~)(Vyakaran Mahabhashyam : Paspaskahnikam) ............................................................... 283

3. Hkk"kkfoKkue~ (Linguistics) ...................................................................................................... 290

3.1. Hkk"kk;k% ifjHkk"kk ............................................................................................................. 291

3.2. Hkk"kk.kka oxhZdj.ke~ ......................................................................................................... 291

3.3. Hkk"kkfoKkukuka oxhZdj.ke~ ................................................................................................ 293

3.4. /ofuoxhZdj.ke~ .............................................................................................................. 295

3.5. vFkZifjorZue~ .................................................................................................................. 296

3.6. okD;y{k.ke~ ................................................................................................................... 299

3.7. okD;Hksnk% ...................................................................................................................... 300

3.8. okXHkk"k;ksHksZn% ................................................................................................................. 301

3.9. cksyh&Hkk"k;ksHksZn% ............................................................................................................ 301

3.10. /ofu&fu;ek% ................................................................................................................. 302

4. okD;inh;e~ (Vakyapadiyam) ................................................................................................ 303

5. oLrqfu◊&iz'uk% (Objective Questions) ................................................................................ 307

4. vk"kZdkO;kfu (Epic Literature) ...................................................................330–3481. jkek;.ke~ (Ramayanam) ........................................................................................................ 330

( viii )

2. egkHkkjre~ (Mahabharatam) ................................................................................................. 336

3. iqjk.ke~ (Puranam) ................................................................................................................. 340


5. /keZ'kkÛe~ vFkZ'kkÛÄ (Dharmashastra and Arthashastra) ....................... 349–3931. euqLefr% (Manusmriti) ......................................................................................................... 349

2. ;kKoYD;Lefr% (Yajnavalkyasmriti) ..................................................................................... 372

3. vFkZ'kkL=e~ (Arthashastram) ................................................................................................. 382


6. dkO;'kkÛe~ (Poetics) ................................................................................ 394–5151. dkO;izdk'k% (Kavyaprakash) ............................................................................................... 394

2. /oU;ksykd% (Dhvanyaloka) .................................................................................................. 427

3. jlx¬k/kj% (Rasagangadhara) ............................................................................................. 431

4. oÿksfDrthfore~ (Vakroktijeevitam) ...................................................................................... 476

5. dkO;ehekalk (Kavyameemansa) ........................................................................................... 497


7. egkdkO;a dkO;a x|dkO;¥p (Epics, Poetries and Proses) ......................... 516–6371. es?knwre~ (Meghadutam) ....................................................................................................... 516

2. j?kqoa'ke~ (Raghuvansham) .................................................................................................... 531

3. fdjkrktqZuh;e~ (Kiratarjuniyam) ............................................................................................ 538

4. f'k'kqikyo/ke~ (Shishupalavadham) ..................................................................................... 541

5. uS"k/kh;pfjre~ (Naishadhiyacharitam) ................................................................................. 547

6. cqºpfjre~ (Buddhacharitam) .............................................................................................. 555

7. tkudhgj.ke~ (Janakiharanam) .............................................................................................. 563

8. gjfot;e~ (Haravijayam) ...................................................................................................... 564

9. dknEcjh (Kadambari) ........................................................................................................... 564

10. g"kZpfjre~ (Harshacharitam) ................................................................................................. 581

11. n'kdqekjpfjre~ (Dashakumaracharitam) ............................................................................ 590

12. egŸoiw.kkZfu lw‰;% (Important Wise sayings) .................................................................... 597


8. ukV;'kkL=e~ ukVdÄ (Dramatics and Dramas) ........................................ 638–7381. ukVÓ'kkL=e~ (Natyashastram) ............................................................................................... 638

2. n'k:ide~ (Dasharupakam) ................................................................................................ 650

3. lkfgR;niZ.k% (Sahityadarpana) ............................................................................................. 672

4. ukVÓxzUFkk% (Dramas) .............................................................................................................. 711


( ix )

9. iqjkfyfi% vfHkys[kk'p (Palaeography and Inscriptions) ........................... 739–7731. iqjkfyfi% (Palaeography) ...................................................................................................... 739

2. vfHkys[kk% (Inscriptions) ...................................................................................................... 742

2.1.–14. v'kksdL; prqnZ'k% f'kykys[k% ........................................................................................... 742

2.15.–21. v'kksdL; lIr% LrEHkys[k% ............................................................................................... 748

2.22. v'kksdL; xqtjkZ y?kq f'kykys[k% ...................................................................................... 753

2.23. v'kksdL; eLdh f'kykys[k% ............................................................................................ 753

2.24. v'kksdL; #fEeunsbZ LrEHkys[k% ...................................................................................... 753

2.25. v'kksdL; dkU/kkjLFk% f}Hkk"kh&f'kykys[k% ........................................................................ 753

2.26. dfu"dL; lkjukFk&ckSº izfrek&ys[k% ............................................................................ 754

2.27. #ÊnkEu% fxjukj&f'kykys[k% ........................................................................................... 755

2.28. [kkjosyL; gkFkhxqEQk∑fHkys[k% ........................................................................................ 755

2.29. leqÊxqIrL; iz;kx&LrEHkys[k% ........................................................................................ 756

2.30. pUÊxqIrf}rh;L; eFkqjk f'kykys[k% .................................................................................. 757

2.31. pUÊxqIrL; esgjkSyhykSg LrEHkys[k% .................................................................................. 758

2.32. dqekjxqIrizFkeL; foylM+ LrEHkys[k% .............................................................................. 758

2.33. dqekjxqIrizFkeL; nkeksnjiqj rkezi=ys[k% ........................................................................ 759

2.34. LdUnxqIrL; fxjukj&f'kykys[k% ...................................................................................... 759

2.35. LdUnxqIrL; bUnkSj rkezi=kfHkys[k% .................................................................................. 760

2.36. LdUnxqIrL; fHkrjh&LrEHkys[k% ....................................................................................... 761

2.37. rUrqok;Js.khd% eUnlkSj f'kykys[k% ................................................................................. 762

2.38. izHkkorhxqIrk;k% iwuk rkezi= ys[k% ................................................................................... 763

2.39. rksjek.kL; ,j.k&vfHkys[k% ............................................................................................. 764

2.40. vkfnR;lsuL; vQln&f'kykys[k% ................................................................................... 764

2.41. bZ'kkuoeZu% gM+gk∑fHkys[k% .............................................................................................. 766

2.42. g"kZL; ckal[ksM+k&rkezi=kfHkys[k% ..................................................................................... 767

2.43. iqydsf'kfU}rh;L;Sgksy&f'kykys[k% ................................................................................... 767

2.44. izfrgkjuiL; fefgjHkkstL; Xokfy;j&vfHkys[k% ................................................................ 769


10. ifjf'k‘e~ (Appendix) ................................................................................ 774–783

( x )

ikB~;ÿeSyllabus

iz'u&i=μII

1. oSfnd lkfgR;nsork %

vfªA_ lfor`_ fo".kq_ bUÊ_ #Ê_ c`gLifr_ vf'oukS_ o#.k_ m"kl~_ lksefo"k;&oLrq %

lafgrk,°_ czk„.k ,oa vkj.;d_ mifu"kn~lEckn lw‰ %

iq#jokμmoZ'kh_ ;eμ;eh_ lekZμif.k_ fo'okfe=μunhoSfnd lkfgR; dk bfrgkl %

oSfnd dky ds fo"k; esa fofHkUu flºkUrμeSDlewyj_ ,- oscj_ tSdksch_ ckyxaxk/kj fryd_ ,e~- foUVjfuV~Rt_Hkkjrh; ijEijkxr fopkj

ΩXosn dk ÿelafgrkvksa ds ikB&Hksn

osnkax %f'k{kk_ dYi_ O;kdj.k_ fu#‰_ NUn_ T;ksfr"k

2. n'kZu

bZ'ojœ".k dh lka[;dkfjdk %

lr~dk;Zokn_ iq#"k&Lo:i_ izœfr&Lo:i_ l`f"Vÿe_ izR;;lxZ_ dSoY;lnkuUn dk osnkUrlkj %

vuqcU/k&prq"V;_ vKku_ v/;kjksi&viokn_ fyax'kjhjksRifŸk_ iathdj.k_ foorZ_ thoueqf‰ ds'kofeJ dhrdZHkk"kk@vÈkaHkÍ dk rdZlaxzg %

inkFkZ_ dkj.k_ izek.k&izR;{k_ vuqeku_ mieku_ 'kCn

3. O;kdj.k ,oa Hkk"kkfoKku

O;kdj.k %

ifjHkk"kk,°μlafgrk_ xq.k_ ofº_ izkfrifnd_ unh_ f?k_ mi/kk_ vi‰_ xfr_ in_ foHkk"kk_ lo.kZ_ fV_ izxq·_ loZuke&LFkku_fu"Bk

dkjd % flºkUrdkSeqnh ds vuqlkjlekl % y?kqflºkUrdkSeqnh ds vuqlkj

Hkk"kkfoKku %Hkk"kk dh ifjHkk"kk ,oa izdkj (ifjokjewyd ,oa vkœfrewyd)

( xi )

Hkk"kkvksa dk oxhZdj.kHkk"kk izfÿ;k ,oa /ofu;ksa dk oxhZdj.k % Li'kZ] la?k"khZ] v/kZLoj ,oa Loj/ofu lEcU/kh fu;eHkkjrh; vk;ZHkk"kk dh rhu voLFkk,°

4. laLœr lkfgR; ,oa dkO;'kkL=fuEufyf[kr xzUFkksa dk lkekU; v/;;u %

i| % j?kqoa'k_ es?knwr_ fdjkrktqZuh;_ f'k'kqikyo/k_ uS"k/kh;pfjr_ cqºpfjrx| % n'kdqekjpfjr_ g"kZpfjr_ dknEcjhukVd % LoizoklonŸkk_ vfHkKku'kkdqUry_ e`PNdfVd_ mŸkjjkepfjr_ eqÊkjk{kl_ jRukoyh] os.khlagkj

dkO;'kkL= %lkfgR;niZ.k %dkO; dh ifjHkk"kkdkO; dh vU; ifjHkk"kkvksa dk [k.Mu'kCn'kf‰μladsrxzg_ vfHk/kk_ y{k.kk] O;¥tukjl (jl&Hksn LFkk;h Hkkoksa lfgr):id ds izdkjukVd ds y{k.kegkdkO; ds y{k.k

iz'u&i=μIII(A)(vfuok;Z oxZ)

bdkbZμIlafgrk,° %fuEufyf[kr lw‰ksa dk v/;;u %

ΩXosnμvfªA [1.1]; bUÊ [2.12]; iq#"k [10.90]; fgj.;xHkZ [10.121]; uklnh; [10.129]; okd~ [10.125]

vFkoZosnμifFkoh [12.1]

czk„.k ,oa vkj.;d %lkekU; y{k.k_ fo'ks"krk,°_ n'kZikS.kZekl ;K_ vk[;kuμ'kqu%'ksi rFkk ok≥~eul~_ i¥pegk;K

O;kdj.k ,oa oSfnd O;k[;k&iºfr %inikBLojμmnkŸk] vuqnkŸk rFkk LofjroSfnd ,oa ykSfdd laLœr esa vUrjoSfnd O;k[;k&iºfrμizkphu ,oa vokZphu

bdkbZμII

fo"k;oLrq rFkk izeq[k vo/kkj.kkvksa dk v/;;uA fo'ks"kr% fuEufyf[kr mifu"knksa ds lUnHkZ esa %

bZ'k_ dB_ dsu_ c`gnkj.;d_ rSfŸkjh;

( xii )

bdkbZμIIIosnk¬ksa dk lkekU; ,oa laf{kIr ifjp;fu#‰ (v/;k; 1 vkSj 2)

pkj inμuke dk fopkj_ vk[;kr dk fopkj_ milxks± dk vFkZ_ fuikrksa dh dksfV;k°fÿ;k ds N% :i ("kM~Hkkofodkj)fu#‰ ds v/;;u ds mÌs';fuoZpu ds flºkUr

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dh O;qRifŸk;k° %vkpk;Z_ ohj_ Œn_ xks_ leqÊ_ o`=] vkfnR;_ m"kl~_ es?k_ okd~_ mnd_ unh_ v'o_ vfªA_ tkrosnl~_ oS'okuj_ fu?k.Vq

bdkbZμIVegkHkk"; (iLi'kkf d) %

'kCn dh ifjHkk"kk'kCn ,oa vFkZ lEcU/kO;kdj.k ds v/;;u ds mÌs';O;kdj.k dh ifjHkk"kklk/kq 'kCn ds iz;ksx dk ifj.kkeO;kdj.k dh iºfr

flºkUrdkSeqnh %fr≥Ur (Hkw ,oa ,/k~ ek=)œnUr (œR; izfÿ;k ek=)rfºr (eRoFkhZ;)dkjd izdj.kL=h izR;;

Hkk"kkfoKku %Hkk"kk dh ifjHkk"kkHkk"kkvksa dk oxhZdj.k (vkœfrewyd ,oa ikfjokfjd)laLœr /ofu;ksa ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa ekuoh; /ofu&;a=/ofu&ifjorZu ds dkj.k/ofu&fu;e (fxze] xzkleku rFkk ouZj)vFkZifjorZu dh fn'kk,° rFkk dkj.kokD; dk y{k.k rFkk HksnHkkjksih; Hkk"kk ifjokj dk lkekU; ,oa lf{kIr ifjp;Hkk"kk rFkk okd~ esa vUrjHkk"kk vkSj cksyh esa vUrj

bdkbZμVO;k[;k ,oa leh{kkRed iz'u

bZ'ojœ".k dh lka[;dkfjdklnkuUn dk osnkUrlkjykSxk{kh HkkLdj dk vFkZlaxzg

( xiii )

bdkbZμVIjkek;.k

jkek;.k dk ÿejkek;.k esa vk[;kujkek;.kdkyhu lektijorhZ xzUFkksa ds fy, jkek;.k ,d izsj.kk&lzksrjkek;.k dk lkfgfR;d egŸo

egkHkkjregkHkkjr dk ÿeegkHkkjr esa vk[;kuegkHkkjrdkyhu lektijorhZ xzUFkksa ds fy, egkHkkjr ,d izsj.kk&lzksregkHkkjr dk lkfgfR;d egŸo

iqjk.kiqjk.k dh ifjHkk"kkegkiqjk.k ,oa miiqjk.kikSjkf.kd l`f"VfoKkuiqjk.k ,oa ykSfdd dyk,°ikSjkf.kd vk[;ku

bdkbZμVIIdkSfVyh; vFkZ'kkL= (izFke nl vf/kdkj)euqLe`fr (izFke] f}rh; rFkk lIre v/;k;);kKoYD;Le`fr (O;ogkjk/;k; ek=)

bdkbZμVIIIi| %

j?kqoa'k (izFke rFkk prqnZ'k lxZ)fdjkrktqZuh; (izFke lxZ)f'k'kqikyo/k (izFke lxZ)uS"k/kh;pfjr (izFke lxZ)

x| %n'kdqekjpfjre~ (v"VeksPN~okl%)g"kZpfjre~ (i¥peksPN~okl%)dknEcjh (egk'osrko`ŸkkUr)

dkO;'kkL= %dkO;izdk'kμdkO;y{k.k_ dkO;iz;kstu_ dkO;gsrq_ dkO;Hksn_ 'kCn'kf‰_ vfHkfgrkUo;okn_ vfUorkfHk/kkuokn_

jlLo:i ,oa jllw=foe'kZ_ jlnks"k_ dkO;xq.kvyadkjμvuqizkl_ 'ys"k_ oÿksf‰_ miek_ :id_ mRizs{kk_ leklksf‰_ vi qfr_ fun'kZuk_ vFkkZUrjU;kl_ n`"VkUr_

foHkkouk_ fo'ks"kksf‰_ ladj_ lal`f"V/oU;kyksd (izFke m|ksr)

( xiv )

bdkbZμIXukVÓμd.kZHkkj_ vfHkKku'kkdqUry_ mŸkjjkepfjr_ eqÊkjk{kl_ jRukoyhukVÓ'kkL=μHkjr&ukVÓ'kkL= (izFke] f}rh; rFkk "k"B v/;k;)_ n'k:id (izFke rFkk r`rh; izdk'k)

bdkbZμXrdZlaxzg (nhfidk O;k[;k lfgr)

rdZHkk"kkμds'kofeJizekr`] izes;] izek.k vkSj izfefr dh vo/kkj.kkvksa dk v/;;u

iz'u&i=μIII(B)(,sfPNd@oSdfYid)

,sfPNdμIlafgrk,° %

fuEufyf[kr lw‰ksa dk v/;;u %ΩXosn %

o#.k [1.25]lw;Z [1.125]m"kl~ [3.61]itZU; [5.83]

'kqDy ;tqosZn %f'kol¡Yi [1.6]iztkifr [1.5]

vFkoZosn %jk"V™kfHkoºZue~ [1.29]dky [10.53]

czk„.k %izfrik|&fo"k;fof/k ,oa mlds izdkjvfªAgks= ,oa vfªA"Vks ;KfofHkÈk lafgrkvksa ls czk„.k&xzUFkksa dh lEcºrk

Ωd~&izkfr'kk[; %fuEufyf[kr ifjHkk"kk,° %lekuk{kj_ lU/;{kj_ v?kks"k_ lks"e_ LojHkf‰_ ;e_ j‰_ la;ksx_ izx·_ fjfQr fu#‰ (VII-v/;k;μnSor dk.M)eU=ksa ds izdkjnsorkvksa dk Lo:insorkvksa dh la[;k

,sfPNdμIIokD;inh; (cz„dk.M)

LQksV dk Lo:i_ 'kCn&cz„ dk Lo:i_ 'kCn&cz„ dh 'kf‰;k°_ LQksV ,oa /ofu ds chp lEcU/k_ 'kCn&vFkZ lEcU/k_/ofu ds izdkj_ Hkk"kk ds Lrj

( xv )

flºkUrdkSeqnh

lekl_ ijLeSinfo/kku_ vkReusinfo/kku

ikf.kuh;f'k{kk

,sfPNdμIII;ksxlw=μO;klHkk";

fpŸkHkwfe_ fpŸko`fŸk;k°_ bZ'oj dk Lo:i_ ;ksxk¬_ lekf/k_ dSoY;

osnkUr % cz„lw=&'kk¡jHkk"; [1.1]

U;k;&oS'ksf"kd % U;k;flºkUreq‰koyh (vuqeku[k.M)

loZn'kZu laxzgμtSuer_ ckSºer

,sfPNdμIVdkO;izdk'k (f}rh; rFkk i¥pe mYykl)

oÿksf‰thfore~ (izFke mUes"k)

dkO;ehekalk (1 ls 5 v/;k;)

jlx¬k/kjμizFke vkuu (jlfu:i.kkUr)

,sfPNdμViqjkfyfi %

czk„hfyfi dks i<+us dk bfrgkl

Hkkjr esa ys[ku dyk dh izkphurk

czk„hfyfi dh mRifŸk ds flºkUr

f'kykys[k lEcU/kh lkexzh ds izdkj

xqIr ,oa v'kksd dky dh czk„hfyfi

v'kksd ds vfHkys[k %

izeq[k f'kykys[k

izeq[k LrEHkys[k

xqtjkZ y?kq&f'kykys[k

ekfLd f'kykys[k

#fEeunsbZ LrEHkys[k

dkU/kkj dk f}Hkk"kh f'kykys[k

ekS;ksZŸkj dky ds vfHkys[k %

dfu"d ds 'kklu o"kZ 3 dk lkjukFk ckSº izfrek ys[k

dfu"d ds 'kklu o"kZ 18 dk eufd;kyk vfHkys[k

ugiku ds dky (o"kZ 41, 42, 45) dk ukfld xqgk vfHkys[k

#Ênkeu dk fxjukj f'kykys[k

[kkjosy dk gkFkhxqEQk vfHkys[k

U.G.C. NET /J.R.F. /SET (Paper II & III)

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9789350135969Author : Dr. MithileshPandey

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