AFTERMATH OF fcYNCIHNC; ^

Negroes AnswerTerror with Arms,Wave of Protest

by Jack ArnoldThe lynch murder of Mack Charles Parker, a 23-year-old

Negro held in a jail in Poplarville, Miss., on filmsy charges ofhaving raped a white woman, represents a new outburst ofthe wave of terror being directed at the Negro people in theUnited States. This wave of terror is the racist answer tothe growing and impressive list of mass protests and victoriesrolled up by the Negro people in their struggle for full equal-ity and civil rights.

This terroristic attack, insteadof having the desired effect of in-timidating the Negro people, ishaving just the opposite effect.Already the Negroes are answer-ing back with armed defenseguards, student strikes and evenplans for a March on Mississippi.

Just a few days after the lynch-ing of Mack Parker in Mississippia young co-ed attending A. & M.University in Florida, was kidnap-ped and raped at knife point byfour men. The students at A. & M.University carried out a strike ac-tion and conducted mass ralliesforcing the grand jury to act forthe indictment of these men.

WHITES FREEDThe reaction of the Negroes in

the South has been intensified bythe racist justice handed out bythe courts.

Asbury Howard, a Negro unionleader, was jailed for the crime ofproclaiming that Negroes shouldhave the right to vote. His son isnow serving a sentence on a chaingang for defending his fatherfrom a mob on the courthousesteps.

On May 4 in Monroe, N.C., awhite Engineer, B. F. Shaw, whohad brutally kicked and beaten aNegro hotel maid, was freed of all.charges by an all-white grandjury.

The following day a white manwas freed by a jury of the rapeassault on a Negro mother evenafter a white woman who hadwitnessed the brutal attack testi-fied against him.

In view of this racist admini-stration of justice the Negromovement of today is faced witha serious question. This questioncould mean the life or death ofthe movement. In what mannershould the Negro deal with theviolent attacks against him andhow can he best continue to pur-sue his fight for freedom?

One of the answers to this ques-tion was suggested by Robert F.Williams, president of the UnionCounty, N.C., NAACP, when the

said: "We must defend ourselves,our women and children even ifit becomes necessary to die or tokill." It was for expressing thisidea of "meeting violence withviolence," or in other words, arm-ed self-defense against the racistmurderers, that on May 6 RoyWilkins, executive secretary of theNAACP, sent Williams a telegramdirecting him to suspend acting aspresident of the Union CountyNAACP unit pending a considera-tion of the charges against him.

WE MUST FIGHT BACKAlready the statement by Wil-

liams and the action taken againsthim by Wilkins has aroused a de-bate in the Negro movement. TheNew York Amsterdam News onMay 16 ran on its front page alarge headline quoting Williams'w o r d s : "WE MUST FIGHTBACK." It also indicated that itwas opening its pages for a fulldiscussion on this question. NewYork councilman Earl Brownopened the discussion by comingout in support of the concept ofself defense.

In an editorial dated May 6 theNew York Age deals with thequestion in a clear fashion. "Fewwill deny that Mr. Williams spokethe feelings of the overwhelmingmajority of American Negroes.-Whether Mr. Wilkins likes it ornot, a whole lot of Negroes are be-ginning- to get rather tired of be-ing killed, raped, and blown apartwith the courts doing nothingabout it. At the same time we'reunalterably convinced that Mr.Williams did not mean for Ne-groes to organize themselves andgo marching on some white folks'home . . . We do think, however,that Mr. Williams is urging Ne-groes to defend themselves intheir homes or in the streetswhenever they are attacked. Godnever meant for anybody to laydown and allow themselves to bedestroyed. Don't you know that ifmore Negroes had defended them-selves, there would be less lynch-ing today."

(Continued on Page 2)

Tibet: Hypocrisy in the Hymaiayas •*- Page

YOUNC SOCIALISTTen Cents Voice of America's Future

VOL. 2, NO 9 June, 1959

Hand painted signs at the recent Youth Marchback the racists who are today terrorizing the Negro,

in Washington illustrate the spirit that will force

ACADEMIC FREEDOM FIGHT LOOMS:

SLA TE Sweeps in at U. of Cal.by James Robertson

BERKELEY, Calif.—Students at Cal topped off their most vig-orous year in a decade by electing a SLATE candidate, Dave Armor,to the powerful post of student body president.

Armor, in the surprising upset,is the first non-fraternity presi-dent in many years and is pledg-ed to carry out the militantSLATE program which includes:ending discrimination in housingand employment; student actionon off-campus issues full civilliberties for all students; removalof the three non-student repre-sentatives' votes on the studentexecutive committee; no censor-ship of student publications; abol-ition of all loyalty oaths; studentrepresentation on the Berkeleycity council; abolition of compul-sory ROTC; and a host of mate-rial improvements in studentwages, medical facilities, fees,housing.

How much of this fine programwill be carried out is uncertain.Several things stand in the way.SLATE'S hold on the executivecommittee will be precarious atbest with only four of five actualSLATE members on ex-corn thiscoming fall out of 18 voting

students can be knocked off. Thusmiddle of the readers will holdthe balance of power despite thevery influential role of the stu-dent president.

In addition the University ad-ministration can be expected tosupplement its previous "hardsell" policy of repression and re-prisal with blandishments aimedat softening and splitting theSLATE representatives. Finally amove is afoot to eliminate thegraduate students from partici-pation in student affairs.

FACULTY VS. REGENTSSide-by-side with the abrupt

shift in student life a hassle hasbroken out setting the faculty'sorganized body, the AcademicSenate, against the Board of Re-gents, the University's controllingbody which in. California consistsin the main of the state's leadingcapitalists—in oil, press, agricul-ture, banking, aircraft—togetherwith a lesser number of their bi-

members, or out of 15 if the non- I partisan political henchmen.

Last October the AcademicSenate in its "Academic FreedomResolution" stated that it is inn-permissible for a teacher to in-form on the statements his stu-dents make in classrooms. In re-cent weeks a ruling by the Gen-eral Counsel of the Board of Re-gents declared this resolution"nullified" on the grounds thatthe Regents have given the fac-ulty no authority to adopt suchbinding resolutions. The nextmove is up to the faculty.

Thus the shape of future strug-gles looms: the students andteachers in opposition to the Re-gents and administration. A giantstep has been taken at Cal thisyear; one which regains theground lost during the great loy-alty oath fight of 1950 which re-sulted in the purge of literallydozens of faculty members andwhich brought down the night ofcold war conformity on the cam-pus.

BRIGADE COLLAPSESAnother sign of the changes oc-

curring on the Cal campus is therecent collapse of a last gasp re-

(Continued on Page 2)

Naked Face of the Police: Strike-breakers, Racists, and Criminalsby Evelyn Sell

(Detroit corresponding editor)Young Americans are taught, almost from birth, to re-

spect and emulate policemen. Recent reports released' by theNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People,the Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union andthe daily newspapers indicate, however, that if Americanyouth actually did emulate the police, they would break morelaws than they would uphold.

To get a true picture of a policeforce in our capitalist UnitedStates you can multiply the fol-lowing examples by tens of thou-sands, by scores of years and bypoints east, west, north and south:

From Dawson, Georgia lastyear came a story of police atroci-ties which, terrorized the entireNegro community. Negroes shot,beaten, youngsters jailed—and thechief of police claiming "All this

trouble is caused by those com-munists!"

Steel workers from the Mc-Clouth Corporation plant in Tren-ton, Michigan,' recently protestedagainst unsafe working conditionswhich led to the deaths of threeworkers during the previous 21days. When a picket line formedat the plant gate, a detail of policearmed with riot guns and tear gascame on the scene to disperse theworkers.

A CANDY BAR WRAPPERIn New York recently a student

dropped a candy bar wrapper onthe floor of a subway train andrefused to pick it up when com-manded to so so by a shabbilydressed man sitting next to him.The student was then dragged offthe train by this "gentleman" whoproceeded to beat the youth andcall a patrol wagon to haul thestudent off to jail. The shabbyman was one of "New York's fin-est." The student was chargedwith "felonious assault, resistingarrest and littering."

Add to the above examples thecountless items about police beingcaught with their hands in thecash register or being paid protec-tion money by criminals, and the"guardians of the law" prove to

be among the worst offendersagainst the law as well as againstevery concept of democratic free-doms and human dignity.

The contradictory aspects ofAmerican law and the arm of thatlaw, the police, flow from the factthat our legal system (as everyaspect of our society) is a servantof the capitalist class while at thesame time it has been forced toextend the civil liberties and legalprotections first demanded by therising bourgeoisie to the popula-tion as a whole.

In theory all American citizensare equal in the eyes of the law jand are guaranteed to be innocentuntil proven guilty. All sectionsof society are supposed to receiveequal protection under the law.In practice, however, working

people and members of minoritygroups are considered by the po-lice as being guilty until proveninnocent. They are arrested il-legally without warrants being is-sued or even without reasonablesuspicion of criminal activity, areheld incommunicado for periodsprescribed by the law books, areforced through threats or actualphysical violence to "confess," aremade to ransom themselves fromjail through bonds although theirarrests were illegal to begin with,and are taught through experi-ence to regard the police not asprotectors but as strike breakers,racists and enemies.

ILLEGAL ARRESTSThe American Civil "Liberties

Union noted in Chicago and thef Continued on Page 4)

Page 2 YOUNG SOCIALIST June, 1959

THE TIBETAN BRIGADE:

Crocdile Tears Stum the(The statement below was issued by the Eugene V. Debs Club

of Berkeley and the East Bay Young Socialist Alliance and dis-tributed at the University of California. The formation of a groupcalled the Tibetan Brigade, also at Cal., elicited the tongue-in-cheek response (see box below) of Columbia student Martin B.Margulies which is reprinted from the April 10 Daily Spectator).

throughout the "free" world andespecially in the United Statesover the latest alleged atrocity ofthe Chinese (Communist) govern-ment. This "atrocity" is the at-tempt, assured of final success, toreestablish Chinese dominance inthe face of revolt planned and ledby the Tibetan priestly and land-owning classes.

The situation is clear enough inbroad outline. To their discredit,the Chinese government has at-tempted to conciliate with theTibetan feudal classes for the pasteight years. At the same time, asthe product of a revolutionary up-heaval, the "Chinese regime bringswith it certain reforms. These re-forms, such as rudimentary edu-cation, threatened the age-oldsystem of oppression of the peas-ants by the native rulers. Theselatter worthies, headed by their"god-king," felt undermined, andwhile they still had at least ameasure of popular support stag-ed a coup which ran into Chinesemilitary resistance.' As an aside to those in the Westwho profess to admire the quaintdevotion of the more backward inAsia to their religious leaders, letit be noted that these condescend-itig attitudes went out with the"humble, devout" French serf ofbefore 1789 and the "carefree, con-tented" Negro slaves in America.Oppression and obscurantism thatSead to blighted and shortenedlives are vicious. The path of hu-man betterment is through in-creasing men's understanding andcontrol of their universe, not byBse of rosaries and prayer wheels.

Several defenses have been putforward in favor of the Tibetanfeudalists. (1) "Freedom and de-mocracy" !! When in the last twothousand years have the Tibetanpeople voted or been asked aboutanything? The very revolt was inpart against the eventual possibil-ity of that sort of thing.

(2) "Another Hungary". InHungary the revolution fought togo forward, seeking to smash theStalinist bureaucracy (the broth-ers of Mao and company) in favorOf rule from below and for social-ism, and against the old order ofgreat landed estates, privatelyowned factories, clericalism, andpolitical rule by Admiral Horthy'sfascist gang.

(3) "Self-determination" mighthave been a serious basis for de-ciding in favor of Tibetan inde-pendence could someone figureout how the Tibetan people areto express their choice in a nationwhere the "god-king" gives all theanswers as well as asks all theQuestions. But in reality thisaspect is without meaning.

The real choice for Tibet ifChines* control were thrown off isn o t independent nationhood butabject dependence on Americanarms, money and advisors. Onehas but to look at the other reac-tionary and feudal regimes in Asiato see both the reality and mean-Mug- of American imperialist domi-nation: the military dictatorshipsto Pakistan and Thailand, thecorrupt "democracies" of VietNam and the Philippines, the per-sonal tyrannies in South Koreaand Formosa. Not a pretty picture.

The victory of the Chinese Com-munist government is clearly theprogressive choice in the presentcontest. However, to recognize thisis not to whitewash that regime.But even in its distorted way it ispart of great and positive changeson the Asian mainland, changesthat eventually will be the Mao-

very achievements the regime willbe overthrown by the mass of peo-ple anxious to rule their own des-tinies without the intervention ofa privileged elite. That is the fu-ture; the Tibetan monk-rulers arethe past.

But what about the hue and cryin America? How easily fine wordsare twisted to meet the needs ofAmerican "world leadership"!How morally corrupt our publicfigures are, men whose politicalcomplexion runs the entire re-spectable spectrum. Nationally apro-Tibetan committee has beenset up ranging in compositionfrom the Formosa lobby mouth-

piece, Henry Luce of Life-Time-Fortune, to Norman Thomas, ac-curately described as "the StateDepartment socialist'. At Califor-nia, the self - styled "TibetanBrigade" has sprung up and in itspublicity seeking fashion faithful-ly echoes the rhetoric of theirelders.

All this noise in a country thatbacks dictators the world over andas in Guatemala forcibly putspuppets into power with plotsstaged by the Counter IntelligenceAgency. And at a time when, totake a most outstanding example,in Algeria, a whole people peoplehave been waging a desperate,bloody war for years against fas-cist colonials and and an imperi-alist army supplied with Americanarms.

Here is hypocrisy of world-his-toric proportions. We socialistssay: no thank you!

While the Peoples Army marches inexorably across Tibet,and the hamer and sickle casts its gloomy shadow over the holycity of Lhasa, forty intrepid students from the University ofCalifornia have taken up arms, and are ready to defend the re-oiote freedom-loving nation.

They call themselves the Tibetan Brigade. They're young,they're eager, they're filled to the brims of their young heartswith hope and idealism.

What's more, they're Americans. And as was proved inKorea, one red-blooded Yank is easily worth fifty or so Asians.

Some time last week, these hardy theocrats sounded a callto color across the timorous, complacent college population of asmugly prosperous America, in search of more help.

"Do you want another Hungary . . . Will you volunteer tofight? . . . Are you rich? Then give us the airplanes to India?Poor? Then volunteer . . . " reads their manifesto, which hasbeen mailed across the length and breadth of the nation.

No longer, then, must we sit helplessly in our seminars,raising impotent voices against the foes of freedom.

By joining the march, we can instead fulfill our ManifestDestiny. The stars an stripes will fly over the barren wastes ofAsia. The Bear of the North and the Monkey of the East will bebeaten into submission—for who can doubt that, with Tibet re-captured for the Free World, these red-blooded yanks andtheir companions will invade China, and then proceed into Rus-sia by way of Siberia?

For Freedom, Buddha, and Chiang-Kai Shek! to arms!Besides, you get to see the Himalayas.

Ymith BackCOLOMBO, Ceylon — Socialist

youth here have issued a call forsupport throughout the world tothe struggle of Negro youth inthe Southern United States for in-tegrated schools and' full equality.

The annual All-Island Congressof the Sama Samaja YouthLeagues, with 5,000 delegates pres-ent representing over 48,000 mem-bers, passed a resolution whichstated that it "considers the colorbar and the denial of equal civilrights to colored people in theU. S. A. especially in the provincesof Alabama and North Carolinaas an insult to humanity and con-demns such discrimination.

The resolution further states:"This Conference wishes every

success to these people who can-not send their children to thesame schools as the whites, whocannot travel in the same busesas the whites, and who are thuscompelled to live as those of alower strata in society, in theirstruggle to obtain elementaryhuman rights. This Conferencecalls upon the world proletariatto directcapitalist

theirclass

weapons atand f o i l

theits

treacherous attempts to supportthe decaying capitalist system byrousing' up racial, linguistic, reli-gious, caste and colour lines invarious countries and varioustimes to divert the attention ofthe masses and thereby cover uptheir inability to solve the basiceconomic problems of their coun-tries."

Other resolutions passed by theConference attacked the present

ists' own undoing. Through these capitalist government of Ceylon

for toeing incapable of solving theproblems Ceylon faces and called'for an LSSP (Lanka SamaSamajaParty) government to bring so-cialism to the country. The LSSP,to which the youth leagues areaffiliated, is a revolutionary so-cialist party in the tradition ofLenin and Trotsky.

In the spirit of internationalsolidarity of socialist youth of alllands the YOUNG SOCIALISTsent fraternal greetings whichwere read to the Conference.

(Continued from Page 1)actionary effort—the Tibetan Bri-gade (see page 2 for a statementon Tibet and the reaction of aColumbia student to the Brigade).

Recently, the Tibetan Brigade'schief, one Blackmore, decided toclose up shop and sadly removedhis "Brigade Headquarters" signfrom the window at Oxford Coopliving group. This move, madein the aftermath of a bitter de-bate between the Brigade and theE. V. D^bs Club which went a longway in dampening the self-con-fidence of the Brigaders.

This action followed extensivepublicity reporting support forthe Brigade from individuals ona number of campuses, trainingprogram including "rock-climb-ing-, parachuting, judo and de-molition tactics" and finally sup-port from a "united front" inNew York including State Depart-ment socialist Norman Thomasand none other than the "free-dom loving" Henry Luce.

- . Young SocialistXim Wohlforth, Managing EditorAllen Taplin, Business Manager

Editorial Board: Bert Deck, George Payne, Tim Wohlforth, Rich-ard Deliaan, James Lambrecht, Martha Curti, Allen Taplin.

Corresponding Editors: Philadelphia — Neil Miller; Detroit —Evelyn Sell; Chicago—John Worth; Minneapolis—Tom Leonard;Denver—Leonard Hodgett; Los Angeles—Peter Allan; Berkeley—JimPetras; San Francisco—Bob Mattingly; Seattle—John Severn; NewYork—Daniel Freeman; Baltimore—A. Robert Kaufman; Milwaukee—Myrtle -C. Kastner; Earlham College—Charles Love; Canada—CliffCotton; Britain—Janet Downs; Germany—Wolfgang Kaiser.

Roving Correspondent: Shane Mage. Western Representative: JamesRobertson.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE :$1.00 a year, $.50 lor six months. Bundle rates: $7.00 forfirst 100 copies. $5.00 lor each additional 100. The YOUNG SOCIALIST is publishedmonthly. P.O. Box 471, Cooper sta., N.Y. 3, N.Y. Phone EN 2-3722. Opinions expressedin signed articles do not necessarily represent the views of the YOUNG SOCIALIST,which are expressed in editorial statements.

Vol. 2, No. 9 June, 1959

4J-e.mft.fc.ee*:

POPLARVILLE, MISSISSIPPI, U.S.A., 1959

Lynching . . .(Continued from Page 1)

The answer to the other halfof the question, that is, how tobest continue to push for Negrorights, can be seen in the mass ac-tions already taken by the Negromovement. Such actions as thePrayer Pilgrimage to Washingtonand the Washington Youth Marchfor Integrated Schools are a steptowards achieving the ends wehave set our sights on. But theseactions must not be watered downby pretending they are somethingother than what they are—a massprotest against the bi-partisangovernment which fails to and in-deed cannot move to eliminateracial segregation and prejudicein these United States.

DEFENSE GUARDSWhat then must the supporters

of the Negro movement and espe-cially those youth who support themovement do in order to furtherthe struggle? First, it seems quiteobvious that wherever a Negrocommunity faces terrorist attacksits members must heed the wordsof Williams and organize them-selves into defense guards. Thistactic was used successfully byWilliams and the community as awhole in Monroe in July, 1957,and succeeded in turning back anassault organized and led by theKlu Klux Klan. This method ofdefense was used a short whilelater by the Lumbee Indians inNorth Carolina when they ran offa huge gathering of the Klan" ontheir reservation.

Secondly, we think it is neces-sary to further increase the mili-tant nature of the mass actiontactics that are coming into great-er use. One important aspect isthat these movements cannot af-ford themselves the luxury ofwitchhunting. They can't -achievecleanliness in the eyes of the rac-ist no matter what they do.

We must have another YouthMarch on Washington and itmust be bigger than the last oneand more effective.

The Negro movement shouldconsider taking independent polit-ical action by running candidatesof their own. These candidates,by not being tied to the machinesof the Demo-Dixiecrat and Re-publican parties, would be able totake a more forthright stand onthose issues affecting the Negropeople. They might also considerunifying with labor in the forma-tion of a party based on a plat-form of labor and civil rightsplanks.

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New Hal!Come browse through our

collection of labor and radicalbooks and periodicals, discussand get information on the ed-ucational and social activitieswe are running.

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New York CityYoung Socialist Alliance

June, 1959 YOUNG SOCIALIST Page 3

SCIENCE FICTION CORNER:

Who Says Martians lo Smart?by A. Robert Kaufman

(Baltimore Corresponding Editor)A funny thing happened to me

on the way to the theater recently.I was walking through a ratherdeserted section of the wealthiestcountry of the world, when I spot-ted a very bright glow in the East.Checking iny watch, I realizedthat it wasn't December—so I re-sisted the early compulsion to fallto my knees.

As the object zoomed closer Isaw that it was a saucer-shapedvehicle with identification letterson its underside reading "EARTHOR BUST."

I froze in understandable terroras the thing landed just a few feetfrom me. After a few moments, alittle man came out of the saucerwearing a- typical Martian outfitequipped with antennas and soforth. After a moment's pause toexchange brands of cigarettes (hewas a thinking man) we launchedinto a conversation.

"Well, how are the crops?" heasked.

"Terrible," I replied."Why don't you try irrigation,

mechanization and other modernmethods of agriculture?"

"That's just it, we have—andthe results are terrible."

"I don't dig you, bud: withthese methods aren't you able toproduce more?"

"Sure—we produce more thanwe ever produced in Earthly his-tory. That's just the trouble—weproduce too much."

"Well—what do you do with itall?"

"We store it in bins and shipsand warehouses."

"Isn't it rather expensive?""Oh, wonderfully so! We have

billions invested in surplus crops.The storage costs alone are over aa million dollars a day."

"What so wonderful aboutthat?"

"It keeps the economy strong.""You must have the most in-

dustrious farmers ever known.Wouldn't it pay you to have themproduce less?"

"We've already thought of that.We give added incentive to farm-ers for producing less."

—Frank A". Boyle (co-creator of Barnaby)."Take Us to Your President!"

"I must have heard you wrong.'You said that you paid farmersfor producing less. That of courseis ridiculous. What you meant tosay is that you pay them for pro-ducing more?"

"No—you heard me right thefirst time. We pay farmers forproducing less. We pay them topvalue for land they don't farm.

"I must admit, it's one way toreduce production."

"Wrong again. The farmers justput more in the remaining acre-age and produce even larger cropsthan before."

"With a stiuation like this—ev-eryone must want to take upfarming. Your farm populationmust be increasing rapidly."

"On the contrary—we have lessthan half the farm population wehad in 1900. Its fall is steadilyincreasing."

"Those remaining must have itpretty soft."

"Not so—most of them- hardlymanage to meet the mortgagepayments. Most of the farm prod-ucts are sold by a mere nine percent of our farmers."

"That nine per cent must beable to provide well-paying jobs

for many a farm hand.""It's true that they hire most of

our farm laborers but the averagewage is about 66 cents an hourand, due to seasonal fluctuations,many can find work for just a fewmonths out of the year. The en-tire average annual income isabout $1,000 a year."

"Well, at any rate, with all thatfood you produce, you've certainlylicked the problem of undernour-ishment."

"On the contrary, according tothe Bureau of Labor Statistics,one fourth of our population,about 12 Vi million, are unable toafford an adequate diet."

"Why then isn't food given tothem?"

"That would ruin the market.This is a free economy. We can'tgive things away."

At this point the Martian ranback into his saucer, shaking hisantennas as he went. While Ithought it was rather rude of himto break away from the conver-sation when we were just gettinggong, I wasn't too sad. He suredidn't understand a thing I wassaying. The Martians must be aninferior race.

LETTER FROM MOROCCO:

A King Presides Over May Dayby Shane Mage

CASABLANCA, Morocco — MayDay here was something reallyspectacular. To begin with, it's anational holiday. The celebrationis organized by the union, andpresided over by the King. InCasablanca the main thing wasthe parade of the UMT (MoroccanWorkers' Union). The line ofmarch was somewhat over a mileand a half, and from a very clearearly hour the sidewalks along itwere packed.

The speeches by the Ministerof Labor, Mahjouta, and Moham-med V, were pleasantly short.Naturally there was a certain di-vergence between the speeches:Mahjoub spoke of the strugglesand rights of the workers; theKing, after coming out solidly infavor of Social Progress, empha-sized their duties and responsibili-ties. But this conflict, which issomeday going to break out intothe open despite the Moroccanleft-wing's efforts to neutralize theKing (and even take advantageof his fantastic popularity) by re-peated proclamations of loyalty,is still a future eventuality. ThisMay Day Mahjoub and the Kingspoke from the same platform,and the UMT paraded to the mu-sic of the Royal Guard.

I can't possibly describe the pa-

rade adequately. Youth played abig part. The vanguard of theparade was formed by the "Jeun-esse Ouvriere Morocaine" (theUMT's youth a f f i l i a t e ) andthroughout there were good num-bers of students of all age levels.The Moroccan students' unionworks very closely with the work-ing-class youth movement. Re-cently on the initiative of theUMT youth a "Federation of Mor-occan Youth" was formed includ-ing all important youth groups(including specifically J e w i s hyouth organizations).

The bulk of the parade was, ofcourse, made up by workers. Theunion .representing each profes-sion sent a delegation which pa-raded behind the float. Each ofthese floats represented the activ-ity most typical of the trade andmost of them showed the imagi-nation and ingenuity that work-ers are capable of when they areacting for themselves.

The phosphate miners of Khou-ribga, for instance, paraded intheir blue miners uniforms andtheir float represented a mineshaft with the workers extractingthe phosphate which is one of theprincipal riches of the country(and which is mined by a govern-ment-owned corporation). Therestaurant and hotel workers floatrepresented a restaurant with

waiters serving satisfied "custom-ers." The workers of the courtsacted out a courtroom scene, witha guilty defendant arguing backto his judges. The workers of theport of Casablanca paraded be-hind a tugboat proudly named"Unity." The union of workers atthe U.S. air bases here marchedunder a, banner demanding theevacuation of those very bases atwhich they make their living!

This is a young country in morethan one way—its independencedates for little more than threeyears, and the "average" Moroc-can is around 21 years old. Thelabor movement has the defectsof immaturity, above all, anempirical and even opportunisticattitude toward the state appara-tus, the King and the few "pro-gressive" sections of Moroccancapitalism.

In return it has an abundantsupply of the virtues of youth—idealism, spontaneity-, enthusiasm,self-confidence. I've gotten tomeet the cadres of the UMT allover Morocco, and I really likeand respect these people. They'reall socialists, though not yetMarxists—that will have to comethrough their own experiences. Ionly hope that the process won'trequire another ordeal like thatof 1952-1955 which led to the in-dependence of the country.

YouthNUCLEAR TESTS: During the "Debate Days in Detroit" sponsored by Wayne State University 62 per cent of the high school stu-dents in the audiences listening to debates on nuclear testing opposedtheir continued testing. However 73 per cent of the adults in theaudiences favored continued nuclear testing. . . . A new report by agroup of American scientists shows that the amount of strontium 90in the bones of American children has doubled between 1955 and1957. . . . A team of Swedish scientists has conducted investigationswhich suggest that strontium 90 may-be 60 times more deadly than theAtomic Energy Committee Commission assumes. This informationcomes at a time when the AEC has doubled the safety limit onstrontium.

* * * *CAMPUS NEWS: Growing student opposition to compulsory ROTCat Michigan State University has been noted in the Detroit news-papers. A group of students there are conducting a petition campaignagainst compulsory ROTC and the AAUP is reported also to favorvoluntary ROTC. . . . A move by the administration at New YorkUniversity to remove the faculty advisor to the student paper SquareJournal and replace him with the dean of students has been la-belled by the paper as "creating an atmosphere favorable to censor-ship." . . . The recently hotly contested student elections at CCNYhave been invalidated because of alleged ballot stuffing. It is doubtfulif new elections will be held before fall. The membership list contro-versy at CCNY seems to-be destined to continue for a while yet. Asthe term comes to an end the General Faculty adopted a proposalwhich would continue to require full membership lists for all or-ganizations. . . . The Associated Students of the University of Colo-rado have taken up the cudgels for the rights of students to votein municipal and state elections.

# * *

ON THE LEFT: Jim Lambrecht. chairman of the New York YoungrSocialist Alliance, has just completed a successful midwest tour dur-ing which he spoke at,Toronto, Oberlin College, Antioch College, Earl-ham College, University of Chicago, Wayne State University, Mil-waukee, University of Wisconsin (Madison) and the University ofMinnesota. He reports that newly formed' student socialist clubs arethriving on these campuses, some with as many as 70 members. Hisexperiences at Earlham College graphically illustrate the divergentforces on the American campus. As he walked acrpss the campus tothe meeting place of the Earlham Socialist Discussion Group he wasfollowed by a long procession of students in Klu Klux Klan sheetscarrying flaming torches. They were led by a student in a white sheetplaying the national anthem on a bugle. Needless to say the liberaland socialist students rallied in opposition to this demonstration anda discussion continued for many days on the campus. . . . RooseveltUniversity in Chicago now has a socialist discussion group which issponsoring a series of informal discussions on socialism. . . . .TheYoung Socialist Club of Philadelphia is sponsoring a meeting on"Black Africa on the March" on May 22. ... Over 200 students attend-ded a debate on "Capitalism or Socialism" and over 250 students at-tended a debate on the Vienna Youth Festival, both sponsored by theEugene V. Debs Club at UCLA. Also in Los Angeles the Young Socialistsupporters have been sponsoring a series of classes on "Socialism andDemocracy" . . . The New York Young Socialist Alliance has a newhall which also serves as an office of the YOUNG SOCIALIST. It's at45 E. 7 St., just a half block from Cooper Union. We have a goodselection of labor and radical books on display and everyone is in-vited to visit and browse.

LABOR FRONT: The president of the New York City Board ofEducation, who is also president of Beth Israel Hospital, has beenaccused of recruiting students at Stuyvesant High School to act asstrike breakers during the current hospital strike. Pressure from theunion forced a stop to this. In addition a number of Stuyvesantstudents protested and announced their solidarity with the striking-hospital workers. Earlier in the spring an attempt was made to recruitstrike breakers from Rutgers University to man the New Jersey Turn-pike during a walkout. This action also brought stronsr student oppo-sition. , . . Ewen Clague, commissioner of labor statistics, testifiedrecently in Washington that he expects a flood of young workers intothe labor force in the mid '60s and fears unemployment at that time,

& * *WORLD YOUTH: classes have finally been resumed at the Uni.versity of Havana which had been closed since November 30, 1956. TheFederation of University Students has been busily screening the facultyto weed out Batista supporters. So far the students have dismissesthirty professors. Thousands of veterans of the war against Batista ar£'attending classes and the University is being run by the students therruselves. . . . The University of Witwatersant in South Africa closed fora day in silent protest over the barring of Negroes from attending theschool.

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Page 4 YOUNG SOCIALIST .. June 195,9

BOOKS AND IDEAS:

Schlesinger Records All But Sees NothingBy Bert Deck

Arthur Sahlesitiffer, Jr., "The Coming of the New Deal," Boston:Houghton Mifflin Co., 1958. 669 pp., $6.75.

Perhaps the saddest commentary one might make on thecurrent state of American historiography is a brief descrip-tion of the popularity of the Harvard historian, ArthurSchlesinger, Jr.. ®

His books find their way on tothe most respectable best-sellerlists and are recommended asnecessary reading in post gradu-ate courses on American history.Legend has it that his lectureroom is filled to capacity and thathis dissertations are studded withbrilliant gems of insight and wit.There is no doubt that he deservesthe title, "The Fair Haired' Boy ofAmerican Liberalism."

What can one say about thelevel of an academic world thataccepts as history clever biogra-phy and superficial psychologicalanecdotes? Certainly "The Com-

ing of the New Deal" is no morethan that: delightful bedtimereading but far from a rigorousscientific analysis.

THE FACILE PROFESSORFor Professor Schlesinger is a

strict conformist! What mightappear to be boldness of thoughtis discovered to be nothing morethan a facile style, and thus hetruly belongs to the liberals. Henever once steps beyond thebounds of the pragmatic school,treating great events as accidentsof personality and products of thewhims of talented individuals.

Leon Trotsky, who knew some-thing about the writing of his-

tory as well as the making of it,had this to say about such "his-tory:"

"The p u r e l y psychologicalschool, which looks at the tissueof events ias an interweaving ofthe free activities of separate in-dividuals or their groupings, of-fers, even with the best intentionson the part of the investigator, acollossal scope to caprice. Thematerialist method disciplines thehistorian, compelling him to takehis departure from the weightyfacts of the social structure. Forus the fundamental forces of thehistoric process are classes; polit-ical parties rest upon them; ideasand slogans emerge as the smallchange of objective interests. Thewhole course of the investigationproceeds from the objective to thesubjective, from the social to theindividual, from the fundamentalto the incidental. This sets a rigid

VIENNA YOUTH FETE:

U.S. Festival Delegation Largest Ever!by Nora Roberts

Despite U. S. State Departmentconsternation, warnings, and theorganized reaction against the VIIWorld Festival of Youth to toe heldin Vienna this summer, a largerAmerican representation is ex-pected than at any of the pre-vious events. Congressman ChesterBowles of Connecticut explainedit this way: "There are going tofoe about 20,000 American studentsin Europe this summer and' a veryhigh percentage of those studentsare going to start for Viennaalong atoout tlie last of Julyregardless of what their parents,their cousins, their betters, theirwiser, older people, the State De-partment, or anybody else saysabout it." The official delegationfrom the U. S. is estimated at 400,going way over the 80 who wentas delegates to the 1957 MoscowYouth Festival.

The increased interest arousedin this year's youth fete hascaused an uproar on many of thenation's colleges and universities.An attempt by students at theCity College of New York to sendan official delegation from theschool id'rew the wrath of Pres-ident Buell Gallagher and repre-sentatives of the student govern-ment who stated: " . . . this eventwill serve as a Communist frontfor propaganda activities."

The controversy was also car-ried on at the Universities ofCalifornia at Berkeley and LosAngeles, Antioch, Oberlin andMadison. To encourage studentswho want to carry on a vigorouspro-West, pro-State Department,anti-Soviet Union propagandacampaign at the "World Festivalfor Peace, Friendship, and Under-standing" the Independent Serv-ice for Information on the Vien-na Youth Festival has been estab-lished with government sanctionin Cambridge, Massachusetts. Itspurpose is to discourage Americanstudents attending the fete whowant to carry this cultural busi-ness a little too far for the U. S.government's tastes.

However, it will be easier forAmericans to attend this confer-ence as it will be held in a neutralrather than a Soviet block nationfor the first time. This meansthat students will be able to parti-cipate in it with the regular visasprovided' for travel abroad. TheAustria location also eases theminds of many Americans whowould otherwise be afraid of be-ing witch-hunted when they re-turn to the United States.

A feature of the youth demon-stration for peace disturbing tothe U. S. State Department is the i

large participation of studentsfrom colonial areas. Large delega--tions are expected from West andSouth Africa, Algeria, Tunisia,Burma, Sudan, Iraq, Argentina,Colombia, Venezuela, Guatemala,Morocco, Japan, and the Philip-pines. Many of these students willhave their first opportunities toexchange views with people fromother lands at the festival. Alsodisturbing government officials isthe fact that people from theseareas will be able to participatewith no discrimination and withno strings attached.

Austrian students have offeredthe greatest opposition to the

festival outside of U. S. reaction-ary elements. However, these stu-dents have not been able to exertenough pressure on the Austriangovernment to make it change itsstand of opening Vienna to youthfrom all over the world includingmany from the Soviet Union andits allies.

While these festivals may notbe the most effective means ofbringing- about world peace, theydo tend to lessen the effectivenessof cold war propaganda andcreate a friendly atmosphereamong youth from East and Westand this is what the U. S. StateDepartment is so fearful of.

The Naked Face of the Police...(Continued from Page 1)

Detroit Bar Association noted inthat city that one-third of all ar-rests made by police in those citieswere illegal. When these chargeswere published in Detroit news-papers Circuit Judge O'Hara de-clared that "if citizens knew theirlegal rights they could virtuallyput the police department out ofbusiness and possibly bankruptthe city through damage suits."It seems that the police" arrest inorder to investigate, a procedurecontrary to both state and federalstatutes which state that investi-gation must preceed arrests. Theyalso make arrests without war-rants being issued by the courtand without actually witnessinga crime being committed, whichare the necessary legal require-ments for a bone fide arrest.

It was found in the Chicago re-port that these procedures, also,encourage the use of the third-degree and greater physical vio-lence on the part of the police.The Detroit branch of the NAACPreported several months ago ona study made of police brutalityin the Negro community. Themost frequent types of police mis-conduct include: physical assault,insulting epithets, the commonuse of profanity and the referenceto the complainant's race in a de-rogatory manner, the indiscrimi-nate searching of citizen's pocketsand wallets on public streets.When citizens question the viola-tion of their rights the officersresort to physical assault followedby arrest, the search and destruc-tion of property without a war-rant in citizens' homes, the prev-alent indication that the com-plainant has no right which he(the police officer) has to respect,the intimidation and abuse ofinter-racial couples, hostile refer-ences to the NAACP in an effort

to intimidate complainants, theindiscreet and common practiceof stopping women on the streetand accusing them of prostitutionor of writing numbers.

THE NAKED FACEOur police force is the naked

face of our capitalist government,the base upon which the protec-tion of private property, capitalistprivate property, rests. Electedrepresentatives go in and out ofoffice but the police force and po-lice procedures remain untouchedby voting procedures, by recall orimpeachment. The crimes of theprecinct cop, however, are morethan matched by a Faubus (thechampion of mob rule) or a Tru-man (who declared a "police ac-tion" in Korea that resulted inthousands of d e a d Americanyouth) or those now responsiblefor the continuation of the stock-piling and testing of nuclearweapons which push all mankindnot only to the brink of war butto the brink of doom. With suchencouraging examples is it anywonder that each individual policeofficer becomes a law unto him-self? Is it any wonder that theylack concern for fundamental per-sonal rights?

That is our police force in actionand inaction. That is law in ourcapitalist society. When the work-ing class succeeds in stopping thecriminals in the police departmentand the other departments of ourgovernment from stealing awayour liberties, our rights and ourlives, it will have little troublecoping with the criminals steal-ing out of cash registers. Anyonewho would steal or plot physicalviolence in a socialist society,where poverty, war and inequalitywill be eliminated, would obvious-ly be more needful of hospital careand a good psychiatrist than ajail cell and a brutal cop.

limit to the personal whims of theauthor."

Professor Schlesinger is certain-ly aware of the existence of socialforces, and makes ample referenceto them. However, he treats themas mere backdrops before whichthe real makers of history, thestars, perform.

ENTER LABOROf all the happenings of the

1930's the most significant eventwhich fundamentally changed thecourse of America, and thereforeworld history, was the organiza-tion of the modern industrialunion movement. Gone now arethe "fireside chats" and forgottenare the manipulations of the Su-preme Politician. The brilliantpatchwork schemes to cure an illsystem proved in the main to beeither inconsequential or uncon-stitutional. All have passed intothe footnotes of learned history,but the modern labor movementexists as a permanent product ofthose days and moves events ina thousand complex ways. A realhistory of the 193iO's, which ex-plains subsequent developments,would have to focus first of all onthe new class relations establishedby the class struggles of the per-iod.

Yet, Schlesinger in his "TheComing of the New Deal" devotesonly some 50 out of 600 pages tothe new labor movement; and ofthese, only six actually deal withthe struggles of the Americanworking- class. Even when hedeals with the labor movement assuch, his main concern is withpersonal anecdotes about John L.Lewis, William Green, Bill Hutch-eson and other "stars" of thislittle theatre.

Notwithstanding the pro-Roose-velt bias of "The Coming of theNew Deal," the author has gath-ered information which can be ofuse to the young generation. It isquite clear from the data whichSchlesinger has accumulated thatthe main concern of Roosevelt'sfirst administration was to re-establish public confidence inAmerican capitalism after thecrash of '29. The first act of thenew administration was to reas-semble the shattered banking sys-tem and return it to the handsof the bankers. Roosevelt ranthrough Congress the EmergencyBanking Act in less than eighthours and in a "Fireside Chat" tothe nation enunciated "Let usunite in banishing fear." Whilethe banking system was saved forthe bankers with fantastic speed,bills to establish the 30 hour weekto halt unemployment were con-veniently killed in Congress.

The record, even as Schlesingerhas deduced it, shows that con-cessions to labor were forthcom-ing from Roosevelt only when itorganized independently on theeconomic field with the implicit

threat of independent political or-ganizations.

ORIGINAL SINThe disastrous sin of systematic

class collaboration in politics wascommitted in those days by theleaders of the new labor move-ment. (They were permittedto do so only by the acquiescenceand cooperation of the Commu-nist and Socialist Parties whothen had an important influence).

The sin of the fathers is visitedupon the sons.

Roosevelt weened these leadersaway from the traditional positionof no confidence in capitalist pol-iticians and absorbed them intothe capitalist state apparatus viathe mechanism of the liberal wingof the Democratic Party. Thus hemade his greatest contribution tothe capitalist class which he po-litically represented. He helpedforestall for a whole generationthe separate political organizationof the working people into theirown party, preserving the UnitedStates as the only major countryin the world still maintaining thisantiquated political structure. Andyet, there are labor and socialistleaders of today who yearn for thecoming of the new New Deal al-most as much as a criminal yearnsto return to the scene, of his crime.

Roosevelt's New Deal eventu-ally became the War Deal andTruman's Cold War Witch-huntA search for a "New Roosevelt"today is Utopian. The collossaldemogogy of an F.D.R. could haveits effect only in that transitionalperiod when the American labormovement, young and inexperi-enced, was first becoming awareof itself as a separate entity. Al-though the union leaders may beable to maintain the labor-Demo-cratic coalitions for a period tocome, never again will a capitalistpolitician be able to pose as asocial worker uplifting the down-trodden. Labor is potentially toopowerful in relation to the capi-talist class to long accept the po-sition of a poor relation. It nolonger needs to plead for itsrights. It now has the power t«demand them and by so doing winthe rights for all the workingpeople.

THE

HUNGARIAN

REVOLUTIONby SHANE MACE

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