t7,

Lj

HR70-14

APPROVED FORRELEASEL DATE:15-Jul-2011

PHOTOGRA IC ERPRETATION REPORT

YOSHKAR-OL-A, USSR

ARMY

NAVY

AIR FORCE

CIA

C 0 29387747 . /bP SECRET

V, Copy A

71

12 Pages

7-1ICBM LAUNCH COMPLEX

0 IC/R-2/616Iy 1961

Handle Via TALENT - KEYHOLE Control Only

WARNING

This document contains classified information affecting the national security of the United States withinthe meaning of the espionage laws U.S. Code Title 18, Sections 793, 794, and 798. The law prohibits itstransmission or the revelation of its contents in any manner to on unauthorized person, as well as its useIn any manner prejudicial to the safety or interest of the United States or for the benefit of any foreigngovernment to the detriment of the United States. It is to be seen only by U.S. personnel especially indoc-trinated and authorised to receive TALENT-KEYHOLE Information. Its security must be maintained inaccordanc• with KEYHOLE and TALENT regulations.

NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER

a /de k g-441 itrit 11 I SIVbP.M NEN IN/11 I I I I I I I MI Al I I Si lailM■

IIMPIIIMIILIMMENIN/1117/1E ME.-•,-* -4,1141i.bintenslaimmenwor owTop

ECRET

■zziz. zz. zzz z z

PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION REPORT

AEI

r

CO2938774TOP SECRET CHESS RUFF

(Aka

i, ..

ft ..,:,\\ 4 O ' '

\.'1

ICBM LAUNCH COMPLEX

YOSHKAR-OL.A, USSR

NPIC/R-2/61

July 1961

NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER

TOP SCRET CHESS RUFF

CO2938774TOPNSECRET CHESS RUFF

NPIC/R-2/61

PREFACE

This photographic interpretation report has been prepared by theArmy, Navy, Air Force, and Central Intelligence Agency in answer to CIArequirement DDI/R-16/61 requesting a detailed analysis of an ICBM com-plex at Yoshkar-Ola imaged on photography of KEYHOLE

June 1961). 25X1

Since final scale computations for were not available,mensural data given in this report is approximate and should not be con-sidered precise. The accuracy of measurements and the interpretationwere also affected by the large amount of halation around light-toned ob-jects located in dark-toned wooded areas and by cloud cover and densecloud shadow prevalent throughout the area. All mile distances given arenautical miles and all bearings are from grid north.

3

TOP S.CRET CHESS RUFF

CO2938774.c... ....%a. a ',I...4 I 4.%1141 fl la 1 I

--.,.......I ,

EUROPEAN1' . r.,_ 1 '\s'l ....44,r Ag.-5-t' - ‘ 2

_

IWriCe'lØ11-"--v-,."..4 a A li EI:V I S l';'''..A 162- • .`;'/.°. - -„9.1 . % !,

• '•3ki:-rZT:7-------4—*-------V-- ''''"-- N.. , . ,1 0•MH .

e munow4sic0.,

z.'\ - 1

41.1 •01.4

,... A . ,.....,

v....• -

„

., -4---- ...---,V' -047

- -....---•C / ,. AdalaksAa .:Z . -\..

e r-1 4

-....--‘ .41-

__ -' i , ,*.`i'

41 .r.,a$.m...,•

...e.v.)\ .11r....- .1"....

1 16.000.000o ice 200 400300 Jak"04le, , )

.

ARCHANGEL

lotui. Mlle,0 100 20 300 4000Imiculuopp

Kiiern \

S 14,4.0 , i . ,

- r°9;010/4 i '• ::' ' - Y

- C k ,,,4„, ll

• i *444 ‘,' 741404 --- i .*EAIP"''''_IIC 1 la

fiYUR'YA

i N..=..',. 1 Glow ox.01SiicHER t•••1446/ vicitotowl. •

els**ift, rAiostAvu 1402°14•04vo

4110w.

/ - 7, • YOSH -OLA c, , -A,A 04

' . • 4 • "l•LAO Ver „, uf A

"0110G°1151'

Ela'"own, .3 1

Ph7, 44i .../

wL Wm1) • Dino

anlInilt •Ito

----•- .

!.F4.031/ Ilillib

n...mom

.....-Tow

AITT.

e4 A

poL WA -

Itut

L7P'47. HE ,___!..,?...,(

IVaAjw,

)CLUJIVO'r

r'-v ---4 INI I ICISH: Ow( T' ,zo4ohroy — " '' '

AZOV ..."

.. 1.-

) 3 .■ . 6136k kBUCHAREST Stmajpock . '''' 4.KRASN A4..-- Ativro401. r" 1 c -§i....0.0"SEVAsropoL. knarosiYA, .

°PIA S. ,_, illakayph. , ,

V L G Rtt.,,,,, iI 4 A C A

ROZNYY 4 ..., - .

) 02AUDZHIKALI4

•

" ....

'.. Kutshis erg..'1- ,..o Tots \

- i6,l'hii4 -r‘zonsukuk ---71 . - -.•....., yjasno.°6°‘

Kan — — . '-'7'- \ —.---■A NKA RA K -E y%

--'.Es Inagn”

'

411V.

,So, bow/bum Awn .

•7. t

E ,,.. C...11mmtUw4.4 ;weft G..........

se , Awe t, do 1/4ina haunt f.•L

A. LAvoi $hoo. Gs...ow',t ,rer...11 OW .(04wriMs• el Ewe.. Law, ofti ' r-- .i . . • A N• TABRU NPIC dle4.1■10Bus* 13264 10.54

T. AP I. r■ 'Nob 44,...... ■ ... -- - . —

11,

WI

UN

002938774TOPSE..CRET CHESS RUFF

NPIC/R-2/61

INTRODUCTION

An ICBM launch complex is under construction in a dense forest7 miles southeast of Yoshkar-Ola, USSR (see Figure 1). The complex,identified from satellite photography, is the second deployed ICBMlaunch complex identified in the USSR. The first is located about 150miles to the north near Yuriya.

The launch area at the Yoshkar-Ola complex is nearly identical topreviously reported Launch Area D at the Yur'ya ICBM launch complex. 1/The analysis of the Yoshkar-Ola complex strengthens the following con-clusions derived from a study of the Yur'ya complex:

1. Missiles will be road mobile within a complex;2. A complex will be SAM-defended;

The new complex is served by a rail spur which leaves the Yoshkar-Ola/Kazan rail line from the direction of Yoshkar-Ola (see Figure 2).Cloud cover partially obscures the area of the spur's junction with themain line and prevents determination of whether the complex can also beserviced directly from Kazan. The rail line from Kazan is not a throughline, but terminates about 12 miles north of Yoshkar-Ola, in the vicinityof the Yoshkar-Ola Ammunition Depot 25X1

The nearest airfield which could support the complex is locatednear Yoshkar-Ola and has an 8,300-foot paved runway. Three airfieldsare also located about 60 miles to the southeast, around Kazan.

An SA-2 SAM site is under construction at 56-24N 48-11E, 12 milessouth of the complex. Cloud cover precludes identification of additionalSAM sites.

The complex proper, partially covered by clouds, consists of a road-served launch area and probable support facilities both road and railserved (see Figure 2). An improved road serves the complex and appa-

- 5 -

TOP"SECRET CHESS RUFF

NPIC/R-2/61

AMMUNITION DEPOT

88° 30•

MARIINSKIY POSAD

56°

1 011111 NAUTICAL MILES

NPIC G-48311

10

HEMAR

CO2938774TOP SCRET CHESS RUFF

FIGURE 1. I. °CATION OF YOSHKAR-OL A ICBM L AUNCH COMPL EX. The nearest airfield Is located about9 nm to the north.

rently terminates 4.5 miles east of the launch area. None of these facili-ties were observed in the photography of February 1960. No securitymeasures can be identified other than its apparently isolated location.

- 6 -

TOP S.ECRET CHESS RUFF

1

34`;:x

002938774TOP CRET CHESS RUFF

NPIC/R-2/61

AGRICULTURE

:j4rY,Crtf.ii•

.3,4_4014::,47.NAjblY '4;

,40SY.10

ROAD ENDS 4.5 NM

'et) 1:::::1147:*FiV‘NPIC 0-4539• • •

FIGURE 2..YOSHKAR-OL A ICBM LAUNCH COMPL EX. The complex, which is under construction, consists of

a support area and a launch area. Cloud cover precludes complete interpretation.

A large, elaborate, rail-served storage and possible production faci-lity, consisting of three secured areas, is located in the forest 9 milessouth of the complex. 2/ The facility is not believed associated with themissile complex. The 1960 photography showed that the facility wasoperational.

LAUNCH AREA

The launch area (56-35N 48-10E), which covers approximately 90acres and consists of two elongated pads 1,000 feet apart, is located in adense forest, approximately 4.5 miles east of the support facilities (see

- 7 -

TOP"SECRET CHESS RUFF

:j.' ,...4.■ ''1, if '

., >l'.04?"..".•011'' ,7,....V:e■N44i.... ....1:?:

1 0 1 2

t:' II

PAD %PAD

• •PAD;

CLEARINGS FOR PROBABLEMISSILE READY BLOCS.

CLEARINGS FOR PROBABLEMISSILE READY BLDGS.

NPIC/11-2/61

•

CLEARING \•I

OP

25X1OP

SUPPORT AREA 4.5 NM

CLEARINGS

LAUNCH AREA - YOSHKAR-OLA LAUNCH AREA D - YUR'YAPAD SEPARATION - 1000' PAD SEPARATION - 1000'PAD ORIENTATION - APPROX. 335° PAD ORIENTATION - 340° NPIC 0-4540

FIGURE 3. CCMPA /MON BETWEEN THE LAUNCH AREA AT YOSHKAR-OLA AND LAUNCH AREA D AT so

YUR' YA.

no

CO2938774T SECRET CHESS RUFF

Figure 3). It is connected to these facilities by a straight, improved road.No security measures can be identified, although small clearings alongthe road could be checkpoints. The main road continues eastward forapproximately 4.5 miles and appears to terminate in the forest. The dis-tance of the apparent terminus from the launch area is commensuratewith the distances between the launch areas at the Yur'ya complex andsuggests that a possible second launch area is planned.

The road configuration and the arrangement and orientation (approx-imately 335 0 ) of the pads at the launch area conform to those at LaunchArea D of the Yur'ya ICBM Launch Complex (see Figure 3). Two clearingsfor the probable missile-ready buildings are located about 1,200 feet to

- 8 -

TO ECRET CHESS RUFF

CO2938774

TOP SECRET CHESS RUFF

NPIC/R-2/61

the rear of the pads. Cloud shadow and haze preclude a definite determi-nation of the stage of the launch area construction. However, the roadpattern, the clearings for pads, and the clearings for the probable missile-ready buildings can be identified.

An unidentified area on the north side of the main road appears tocontain buildings and may be the local support for the launch area. Agroup of clearings, south of the main road and opposite the entrance tothe launch area road, may be associated with the launch area.

PROBABLE SUPPORT FACILITIES

The probable support facilities (56-34N 48-03E) of the Yoshkar-Olacomplex, consisting of three observed areas, are under construction (seeFigure 4). The specific pattern of operations is not yet apparent.

The largest area, approximately 3,200 by 3,000 feet, is situated be-tween the road and rail spur and is served by four rail sidings. The si-dings are spaced about the same distance apart as the two sidings atYur'ya, although those at Yur'ya are longer. The rail spur continueseastward, but its terminus could not be determined because of cloud cov-er. A few roads traverse the area, but no definite road pattern is yet inevidence.

A smaller area, approximately 2,000 by 1,200 feet, is located to thesouthwest of and connected by road to the largest area. The rail spurruns past this smaller area, but no siding can be identified. Althoughpartially obscured by cloud shadow, it appears to have a street patterncharacteristic of a family-type housing development. Building construc-tion is in evidence.

A third area, located just east of the largest area, was cloud coveredto the extent that only a rectangular clearing, approximately 1,500 by1,200 feet, was visible.

all

9

TOP ECRET CHESS RUFF

002938774TO SECRET CHESS RUFF

NPIC/R-2/61

ttzt

1000 2000 3000

NPIC G-454IFIGURE 4. PROBABL E SUPPORT FACIE (TIES, YOSHKAR-OL A ICBM LAUNCH COMPL EX.

Positive identification of these facilities is not possible at this time.Their general appearance, location, and relationship to the launch area,however, make them highly suspect as support facilities for an ICBMcomplex.

- 10 -

TOP S5CRET CHESS RUFF

CO2938774TOP CRET CHESS RUFF

NPIC/R-2/61

REFERENCES

PHOTOGRAPHY

Mission Date Pass/Camera Frames Classification

Feb 60 TSC

61i Jun

TSC

TSRTSR

MAPS or CHARTS

ACIC. USAF Pilotage Chart, Sheet 155D, Sep 54, rev ed, scale1:500,000 (U)

SAC. US Air Target Chart, Series 200, Sheet 0155-22A, 1st ed,Oct 59, scale 1:200,000 (S)

AMS. Series N501, Sheet 38-12, 2nd ed, May 58, scale 1:250,000 (U)AMS. Series N501, Sheet 39-10, 2nd ed, Sep 55, scale 1:250,000 (U)

DOCUMENTS

1. NPIC. R-1/61, ICBM Launch Complex, Yur'ya, USSR, July 61(TSCR)

2. CIA. PIC/JMCS-5/60, Mission , Mar 60(TSC)

25X1

TOP gEc.RET CHESS RUFF