8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 1/26

Concept of Concept of 

Ecosystem CarryingEcosystem Carrying

Capacity for MarineCapacity for MarineEcosystem ManagementEcosystem Management

Sinjae Yoo

KORDI

Ansan, South Korea

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 2/26

OutlineOutline

Why a new concept?

•Ecosystem services

•Interactions, linkages, and tradeoffsEcosystem Carrying Capacity

•Definition

•PropertiesFuture directions

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 3/26

 YSLME Project YSLME Project

Project Title: “Reducing Environment Stress

in the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem”.

Project Objective: Ecosystem-based 

Environmentally-Sustainable managementand Use of the YSLME and its Watershed:Reducing Development Stress andPromoting sustainable Development of the

Ecosystem from a Densely Populated,Heavily Urbanised, Industrialised Semi-Enclosed Shelf Sea

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 4/26

Five major environmentalFive major environmental

problemsproblems

in the Yellow Sea ecosystemin the Yellow Sea ecosystem(from TDA report)(from TDA report)

Marine environmental pollution

Marine and coastal habitatmodification

Change in ecosystem structures and

functionsUnsustainable fisheries

Unsustainable mariculture practices

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 5/26

Since we identified themajor problems, all wehave to do is to solveeach problem?

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 6/26

Interactions between ecosystems and humanInteractions between ecosystems and human

societiessocieties

Indirect drivers

Directdriver

s

Services

Benefits people get from ecosystems

Drivers

Factors that change ecosystem structures, rates,and processes

Climate systemsClimate systems

P i i i i f

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 7/26

Provisioning services of Provisioning services of 

 YSE YSEFoods

•wild fish, shellfish, algae, etc

•Aquaculture

Genetic resources

New materials

Biofuels

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 8/26

Regulation services of Regulation services of 

 YSE YSESewage treatment (water quality

regulation)

Disease control

Climate regulation

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 9/26

Supporting services of Supporting services of 

 YSE YSE

Nutrient cycling

Primary and secondary production, and

their transferMaintenance of biodiversity

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 10/26

Cultural services of YSECultural services of YSE

Spiritual/religious values

Aesthetic values

Recreation and ecotourismCultural diversity

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 11/26

Multiple driversMultiple drivers

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 12/26

Construction/Water use

Freshwaterinput

 Temp.

Aquaculture

Precipitation

HAB

Eutrophication

Food web/Productivity

NutrientsN:P:Si

Hypoxia

Stratification

HUMAN ACTIVITIESLand use (agriculture, sewage)

 Jellyfish

Sea level rise.

Fisheries

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 13/26

Provisioningservices

Fish catchaquaculture

Maintenanceof 

biodiversity

biofuels

pollution

Regulatingservices

WaterQuality

regulation

Climate

control

Diseasecontrol

Supportingservices

Overfishing

Habitatmodification

Unhealthy

Aquaculture

Climatechange

Geneticresources

Nutrientcycling

Primary andsecondaryproduction

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 14/26

Ecosystems provide many services.We cannot manage each service

separately.

• There are linkages and tradeoffsamong services.

•Not all the drivers are controllable(e.g., climate change).

 There is a limit in ecosystem servicesand the services are inter-dependent.

Necessity of a unifiedconcept

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 15/26

 The limit of services will be determined by

various ecological processes, which in turnare determined by ecosystem configurationand state.

 There is a need for a comprehensive andholistic quantity that describe this capacityof ecosystem to provide its services.

Such capacity will change under different

environmental conditions.

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 16/26

Logistic modelLogistic modelVerhulst (1838, 1845)Verhulst (1838, 1845)

 

0 0 t 

N K/2

h

K

Exponential

growth(1 )m

dN N 

r N dt K = −

( )

1 1(0)

rt 

 K  N t 

 K  e N 

=

+ −

Logisticgrowth

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 17/26

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 18/26

Previous usage of the term‘Carrying Capacity’

Human population dynamics (Verhulst,1838 & 1845)

One of the basic concepts in ecology: r-

K selection,PICES Science Program (1996-2006):

“Climate Change and Carrying

Capacity”Ability of ecosystems to sustain fisheryand other living resources,” (Olsen, etal., 2006).

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 19/26

Ecosystem CarryingEcosystem Carrying

CapacityCapacityCapacity of an ecosystem to

provide various services

 The capacity is determined byecosystem structure, productivityand habitat integrity.

 This capacity will change associetal requirements increase andclimate change accelerates.

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 20/26

ECC through timeECC through time

Time

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 21/26

Determinants of ECC andDeterminants of ECC and

driversdrivers

Ecosystem structure• Trophic structure (e.g., fishing, climate change,

nutrient budgets)

Biological Productivity

• Nutrient budget, climate change (stratification,alteration of freshwater cycle, solar radiation,etc)

Habitats integrity

• Water quality (eutrophication, aquaculture)

• Habitat destruction and modification

• hypoxia

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 22/26

Further questions

How to quantify ECC?

•Different approaches for services?Provisioning services

Regulating

Supporting

Cultural

•Or unified valuation?

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 23/26

Properties of ECC

How long does an ecosystem canprovide its services at certain level?(sustainability)

How much an ecosystem providethat service? (maximum Capacity)

How stable are the services?(resilience)

F di i fF t di ti f

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 24/26

Future directions forFuture directions for

 YSLME YSLME Theoretical formulation

•Quantification of ECC

•Properties of ECC and their behavior

Assessment of ECC of YSLME

•Multi-scale approaches are desirableModeling of ECC of YSLME based on scenarios

•How will it change given the changes in theecosystem by climate changes

•Regional scenarios

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 25/26

SummarySummary

For a unified concept of ecosystemmanagement, ECC is proposed.

ECC can conveys in the time of rapidly changing world.

Further formulation is needed to usethe new concept.

Scenarios-modeling in regional scalewill be useful for future management.

8/8/2019 Yoo sinjae

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoo-sinjae 26/26

THANK YOU!THANK YOU!