Yield and nutritive quality of genetically diverse cowpea accessions for use as food-feed crops
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Transcript of Yield and nutritive quality of genetically diverse cowpea accessions for use as food-feed crops
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The 5The 5thth
All Africa Conference on Animal All Africa Conference on Animal AgricultureAgriculture Commercialization of Livestock Agriculture in Africa: Challenges and opportunities October 25-28, 2010.
E.E. Grings1, M. Blümmel2, O. Boukar3, C. Fatokun4, S. Hearne4
International Livestock Research Institute 1Ibadan Nigeria,2Hyderabad, India
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 3Kano and 4Ibadan, Nigeria
YIELD AND NUTRITIVE QUALITY OF GENETICALLY DIVERSE COWPEA ACCESSIONS FOR USE AS
FOOD-FEED CROPS
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COWPEA IS AN IMPORTANT FOOD-FEED CROP
THROUGHOUT SEMI-ARID TROPICS
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COWPEA IS VALUED FOR ITS
DROUGHT TOLERANCE
ABILITY TO CONTRIBUTE TO SOIL FERTILITY
PRODUCTION OF ANIMAL FODDER
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USE OF CEREAL RESIDUES ALONE
RESULTS IN INEFFICIENT LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTION
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COWPEA HAULMS IMPROVE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY THROUGH INCREASED INTAKE AND
DIGESTIBLITY
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Fodder markets are expanding providing increased market pull for cowpea haulm production
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Variety Milk Yield, ml/d
Control (no cowpea)
885.8
994-DP 1049.9
IT-716 1377.8
SED 74.6
From Akinlade, 2005
Variety ADG, g
Control (no cowpea)
36.4
Dan 11a 67.7
IT90K-277-2 76.4
SED 0.01
From Singh et al. 2003
Milk yield of Bunjul cows Growth of Yankassa rams
IMPROVED DUAL PURPOSE COWPEA VARIEITES HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO IMPROVE ANIMAL
PERFORMANCE
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• Large number of animals
• Long feeding periods
• Large amount of feed
Requirements for in vivo feeding trails
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Evaluation of large numbers of genotypes can be improved by rapid
testing methods
Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS)
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Advantages to NIRS
• Fast scanning time
• Multiple constituents on one sample
• Minimal sample preparation
• Non-destructive
• No harsh chemicals
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COWPEA ACCESSIONS WERE
PLANTED IN MINJIBAR, NIGERIA,
JULY 2009
HARVESTED WHEN PLANT REACHED
95% POD MATURITY,
NOVEMBER 2009
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REPRESENTATIVE 500 G SAMPLE OF FODDER BIOMASS WAS
COLLECTED, DRIED, GROUND
SHIPPED TO ILRI, HYDERABAD INDIA FOR NIRS ANALYSIS
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MEANS, MAXIMIM AND MIMIMUM VALUES OF AGRONOMIC
CHARACTERISTICS FOR 157 COWPEA ACCESSIONS
MEAN SD MIN MAXSeed yield, kg/ha
574 303 28 1547
Fodder yield, kg/ha
2370 1303 585 7432
Days to first flowering
43 8 32 77
Days to 95% pod maturity
76 12 63 134
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MEANS, MAXIMIM AND MIMIMUM VALUES OF NUTRITIONAL QUALITY
FOR 157 COWPEA ACCESSIONS
MEAN SD MIN MAX
N, % DM 1.76 0.30 0.97 2.42
NDF, % DM 61.0 2.93 52.4 67.0
ADF, % DM 45.4 3.2 38.2 55.1
ADL, %DM 7.5 0.7 5.8 9.4
IVOMD, % 58.1 1.5 53.8 62.1
ME, MJ/kg 8.46 0.25 7.82 9.37
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Seed Yield, kg/ha
Fo
dd
er
Yie
ld,
kg/h
a
erect
prostrate
Fodder and seed yield of 157 cowpea accessions grown near Kano, Nigeria
r = 0.27, P = 0.0007
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Seed Yield, kg/ha
Hau
lm N
, %
erect
prostrate
r = -0.41, P < 0.0001
Haulm N and seed yield of 157 cowpea accessions grown near Kano, Nigeria
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 50 100 150
Days to 95% pod maturity
Fo
dd
er
Yie
ld,
kg
/ha
erect
prostrate
Fodder yield and days to 95% pod maturity of 157 cowpea accessions grown near Kano,
Nigeria
r = 0.24, P < 0.0028
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Seed Yield, kg/ha
Fo
dd
er
Yie
ld,
kg
/ha
TVU-7155
TVU-408
TVU-393
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Days to 95% pod maturity
N,
% o
f D
M
7.6
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9.0
9.2
9.4
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Days to 95% pod maturity
ME
, M
J/kg
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CONCLUSION• PHENOTYPIC VARIATION EXISTS FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED DUAL PURPOSE COWPEA
• NIRS IS A RAPID METHOD TO AID IN SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED DUAL-PURPOSE COWPEA
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The 5The 5thth
All Africa Conference on Animal All Africa Conference on Animal AgricultureAgriculture Commercialization of Livestock Agriculture in Africa: Challenges and opportunities October 25-28, 2010.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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