YGN Future 1 Dec2014

8/9/2019 YGN Future 1 Dec2014

1/90

Yangon Present and Future; Presented at AMA 13.12.2014

(Part 1.)


2/90

8 Issues in Housing & Urban Development Connected

with Yangon

1. Yangon’s Infrastructure

2. Yangon’s Traffic & Transportation3. City Circular Roads for Yangon

4. Issue no. 3. Issue of Land-use & “Central

Business District” (city centre)

5. Heritage Conservation & Zoning

6. Housing Sector Development

7. Yangon Extension

8. Laws and Legality in Urban Development

Part II


3/90

Northern part of Yangon in the 18th century


4/90

Yangon in the 18th century, during Alaung Paya period


5/90

Yangon in the 19th century, re-planned as administrative

center of Lower Burma


6/90

Yangon in earlier colonial days


7/90


8/90

Yangon was known as green city of Asia


9/90

Now the city has 365 sq. miles


10/90

Extended areas

after 1988, 150.02,

49%

Extended areas in1959, 20.64, 7%

Industrial

areas, 24.00,

8%

Areas before 1959,

112.06, 36%

Composition of Yangon historic extensions

(in sq. miles)


11/90

Population forecast for Yangon city with 3 scenarios

2.03

2.95

5.2

6.5

8.2

10.3

12.9

2.03

2.95

6.9

9.2

12.4

16.6

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

^1973 ^1983 ^2014 ^2024 ^2034 ^2044 ^2055

P o p u l a t i o n ( M i l l )

Years

Lower Scenairo (Based on growth rate of 2.3% yearly)

Middle Scenairo (Based on growth rate of 2.6% yearly)Higher Scenairo (Based on growth rate of 3% yearly)


12/90


13/90

Water supplysystem of

Yangon


14/90

Current Water Supply System of Yangon

City

Gyobyu Reservoir Ngamoeyeik Reservior

Phyugyi Reservoir

Hlawga

Reservoir

Gwaydanshay

Thebyu

Nyaunghnapin WWTP

Sitpintaung

Yangonbauk Source: Dept. of

Water & Sanitation

Around 160 million Gallon

(730 Mill. L or 0.73 mill. CM) daily.

Mainly from 4 reservoirs, Hlawga,

Gyobyu, Phyugyigyi , Ngamoe Yeik

But also from underground sources

Potentials are in Kokkowa, Toe

River, Lagunbyin, etc. But feasibility

surveys needed


15/90

Water usage in Myanmar

• Upper middle class areas with flush toilets- 30-50

gal/person/day (136-200 lit./person/day)

• Middle class areas with pour-flush toilets-

15-20 gal/person/day (70-80 lit./person/day)

• Low-income areas- 10-15 gal/person/day

(45-70 lit./person/day)


16/90

Based on 160 million gal. per day

(around 730 mill. Litres per day)

• Yangon city with 5.2 million population

should have 30 gal / person /day (136lit./person/day) should be sufficient but

• There are very high loses, so that the YCDC

mains reach only about 65% of Yangon

population

•Besides there are large unequal distributionand 4 townships are out-of reach from city

mains


17/90

T o N a u n g D o n

0g;wpf &m

r*Fvm'H k

Water supply network Yangon

However

only about 65% of the populationare served with YCDC system

4 townships,

Dagon Seikan, Hlaing TharYar,

Shwe Pyi Thar & Seikyi Kanaungto are poorly supplied with

YCDC water

And over 40% water unaccounted


18/90

Waste water Issue, Drainage & Sewage


19/90


20/90

1

234

5

6

78

9

10

11

12

13

14

1516

1718

19 20

2122

23

24

2526

27

28

29

30 31

32

3334

35

36

37

3839

40

41

42

4344

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

59

58

6061

62

57

63

64

65

67

68

66

6970

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

7879

80

81

8283

84

85

86

87

88 89

90

91 92

9394

95Only the areas developed by British

&

Yankin & Thin Gan Gyun haveDrainage plan

The city needs

drainage & Sewage Plan

Flood prune areas


21/90

Common SewerageSystem

7%

Septic Tank System

19%

Pour Flush System

28%

Fly Proof Latrines

18%

ConventionalUnsanitary Latrine

28%

No Latrine0.3%

Sanitary systems in YCDC area in 2002

The immediate target

should be

to apply 100 % septictanks system


22/90

The garbage usually block the

drains

Around 1600 tons of daily garbage,

Using land filled methods,

Now planning to apply incineration


23/90

Source: Calculated base onthe data of YESB

0.08 0.08

0.02

0.21

0.08

0.01

0.13

0.04

0.06

0.04

0.25

0.19

0.11

0.14

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

Electric SupplyElectric meter box & Households in Yangon Zones (data

from 2012)

Meter boxes (mill) House-holds (mill)


24/90

850.51

609.25

72.61

221.15

340.88

491.11

249.61

0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

700.00

800.00

900.00

Supplied units per & Households in August 2012

in Yangon Zones

Supplied Units per Household


25/90

In the electricity supply,

Units per Household in August 2013

M i n g a l a T a u n g N y u n t

B a h a n

I n n e r c i t y Z o n e

P a z u n d a u n g


D a g o n

B a h a n

K y e e m y i n d i n e

S a n c h a u n g

H l a i n g

K a m a r y u t

S o u t h e a s

Z o n e

T h a k e t a

D a w

b o n

Y a n k i n

T a r m w a y

S o

u t h O a k k a l a p a

T h i n G a n G y u n

M a y a n g o n e

I n s e i n N

o r t h e r n Z o n e

N o r t h O k a l a p a

M i n g a l a r d o n

S o u t h e r n O u t e r Z o n e

D a l a

S e i k y i K a n a u n g t o

S h w e P

y i t h a

H l a i n g T h a r y a r

N o r t h - W e s t e r n

Z o n e

D a g o n S e i k k a n

S o u t h D a g o n

N o r t h D a g o n

E a s t D a g o n

E a s t e r n Z o n e

P a b e d a n

L a t h a

L a n m a d a w

A h l o n e

K y a u k t a d a

B o t a t a u n g

C B D Z o n e

S e i k a n C

B D a r e a

Electricity, supplied units per household

I n n e r c i t y z o n e

S o u t h e r n o u t e r z o n e

S o u t h e a s t z o n e

N o r t h e r n z o n

e

N o r t h - w e s t e r n z o n e

E a s t e r n z o n e

850 units per Household in CBD

72 units per Householdin Southern Zone


26/90

Challenges on infrastructure and

urban services distribution1. The wastage and unaccounted supplies in water &

electricity are over 30%, very high2. The disparities of services in different zones (The

north-western & southern zones are poorly

supplied)3. Drainage & Sewage Plans with phase by phase

improvement plans are necessary

4. The cooperation with JICA & other bilateral &multilateral organizations


27/90


28/90

Transportation & traffic problems


29/90

Since 2010, the import of cars are relaxed. The increase of vehicles is inversely

proportional to decrease of driving speeds

29

18.06

22.92 23.6625.60

26.8428.00

35.5137.29

62.16

56.98

51.80

46.62

28.00

24.00

21.0018.00

31.08

28.49

25.90

23.3122.02

19.43

17.00

14.57

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

Y 2007 Y 2008 Y 2009 Y 2010 Y 2011 Y 2012 (June) Y 2013 (Jan) Y 2014 (Oct)

T o t a l V e h i c l e s ( 0 0 0 0 )

Years

Total Vehicles in Yangon (0 000)

Yangon's average speed with private cars at peak hours (km/hr)

Yangon's average speed with buses at peak hours (km/hr)


30/90

Around 91% uses public transport

Bus

78%

Bus + Train

4%

Ferry

7%

Train

2%

Taxi

3%

Own Car

6%

Modal Share of Yangon based on 25 townships (Surveyred in2012)


31/90


32/90

MingalaTaung Nyunt

Bahan

Innercity Zone

Pazundaung

MingalaTaung NyuntDagon

Bahan

K y e e

m y

i n d

i n e

Sanchaung

Hlaing

Kamaryut

SoutheasZone

Thaketa

Dawbon

Yankin

Tarmway

South Oakkalapa

Thin Gan Gyun

Mayangone

Insein

Northern Zone

North Okalapa

Mingalardon

Southern Outer Zone

Dala

Seikyi Kanaungto

Shwe Pyitha

Hlaing Tharyar

North-WesternZone

Dagon Seikkan

South Dagon

North Dagon

East Dagon

Eastern Zone

PabedanLathaLanmadaw

Ahlone

Kyauktada

Botataung

CBD Zone

Seikan

26% in & to CBD

34% In & to Inner City

Based on Origin-Destination study of 25 townships,

26% of people work in CBD, 34% in Inner City, amounts to 60 %,

travel daily to CBD & Inner City area which is 10% of city area

Shows dependency

Between land-use pattern

& transportationOne important reason for traffic problems are the “

Uneven Lad-use Structure”


33/90

SoutheasZone

Thaketa

Dawbon

Yankin

Tarmway

South Oakkalapa

Thin GanGyun

Mayangone

Insein

Northern Zone

North Okalapa

Mingalardon

Southern Outer Zone

Dala

Seikyi Kanaungto

Shwe Pyitha

Hlaing Tharyar

North-WesternZone

Dagon Seikkan

South Dagon

North Dagon

East Dagon

Eastern Zone

Commercial establishments, 20% in CBD and 28% in Inner City

zone, amounts to 48% of all commercial establishments are

concentrated in 10% of city area

20% in 4% of Area

34% in Inner City Area(7% of City Area)


34/90

0.25 0.501.00

1.502.00 2.50

20.00

15.00

12.00

10.00

7.50

3.00

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

Yankin Kokine Shwe Gon Dine Bahan Kandaw Lay Anaw Yahda

T r a v e l l i n g s p e e d ( m l / h r . )

Floor area index

Dependency between zonal floor area index and the travelling speeds

during peak hours in Yangon zones

Zonal Floor Area Index Average travelling speed during peak hours (ml/hr.)


35/90


36/90

18.06

22.9223.66

25.6026.84

28.00

35.51

24.00

18.00 18.00

14.4012.00

10.29

8.00

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

Y 2007 Y 2008 Y 2009 Y 2010 Y 2011 Y 2012 (June) Y 2013 (Jan)

T o t a l V e h i c l e s ( 0 0 0 0 )

Years


Yangon's average speed with private cars at peak hours (miles/hr)

Yangon's average speed with buses at peak hours (miles/hr)

New solutions are necessary

The increase of vehicles is inversely

proportional to decrease of speeds


37/90

26.84 28.00

35.5139.15

49.97

63.78

81.40

103.89

12.00 10.29 8.004.10 3.56 3.00 3.00 1.000.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

Y 2011 Y 2012 Y 2013 Y 2015 Y 2020 Y 2025 Y 2030 Y 2040

A x i s T i t l e

Years

Forecast for future average driving speeds in Yangon

Option : without invention


Yangon's average speed with private cars at peak hours (miles/hr)


38/90


39/90


40/90


41/90

Issue no. 3

Circular Roads


42/90


43/90

Th t k t i t ffi &


44/90

The tasks to improve traffic &

transport in Yangon

1. Improve Rail System & BRT,

2. Introduce ATCS (Advanced Traffic ControlSystem)

3. Start BRT (Bus Rapid Transport

4. Outer & Inner Ring Roads

5. Sky Trains for 10 miles, CBD to Mingaladon:


45/90

Issue no. 3. Issue of Land-use &

“Central Business District” (citycentre)


46/90

Issues of land-use


B a h a n

I n n e r c i t y Z o n e

P a z u n d a u n g


D a g o n

B a h a n

K y e e m y i n d i n e

S a n c h a u n g

H l a i n g

K a m a r y u t

S o u t h e a s

Z o n e

T h a k e t a

D a w b o n

Y a n k i n

T a r m w a y S

o u t h O a k k a l a p a

T h i n G a n G y u n

M a y a n g o n e

I n s e i n N

o r t h

e r n Z o n e


M i n g a l a r d o n


D a l a

S e i k y i K a n a u n g t o

S h w e P y i t h a

H l a i n g T h a r y a r

N

o r t h - W e s t e r n

Z o n e

D a g o n S e i k k a n

S o u t h D a g o n

N o r t h D a g o n

E a s t D a g o n

E a s t e r n Z o n e

P a b e d a n

L a t h a

L a n m a d a w

A h l o n e

K y a u k t a d a

B o t a t a u n g

C B D Z o n e

S e i k a n

216 000 p/SM

P a b e d a n

D a g o n

B a h a n

Y a n k i n

M a y a n g o n


M i n g a l a d o n

D a l a5000 p/SMPopulation densities in townships

20 000 persons

Per Sq.M in CBD

500 persons

Per Sq.M in

outskirts


47/90

Commercial establishments distribution

CBD, 5551, 20%

Inner City Zone, 7758,

28%

Southern Zone,1062, 4%

South-East Zone, 4437,16%

North Zone, 3848, 14%

North-Western Zone,1678, 6%

Eastern Zone ,

3106, 12%

Commercial establishments DistributionCBD, 3.88,

1%

Inner City

Zone, 18.05,

5%

Southern

Zone, 89.95,

24%

South-East

Zone, 17.65,

5%

North Zone,

75.85, 21%

North-Western

Zone, 51.56,

14%

Eastern Zone

, 108.81, 30%

Zonal areas (Sq. Miles)

48% of all commercial establishments

are located in 10% of city’s area

Commercial Establishments Distribution


48/90

Commercial Establishments Distribution

BahanBahan

K y e

e m y i n

d i n

e

Sanchaung

Hlaing

Kamaryut

1.Mindama Secondary CBD

2.Dagon Myo Thit Sub-center

P l a n n e

d c i r c

u l a r

r o a d

P l a n n e d c i r c u l a r r o a d

P l a

n n e

d c

i r c u

l a r r o a

d

Commercial Building (100 nos)

Shwe Pyitha

Hlaing Tharyar

North-WesternZone

Mayangone

Insein

Northern Zone

North Okalapa

Mingalardon

Dagon Seikkan

South Dagon

North Dagon

East Dagon

Eastern Zone

Southern Outer Zone

Dala

Seikyi Kanaungto

SoutheasZone

Thaketa

Dawbon

Yankin

Tarmway

Sou th Oakkalapa

ThinGanGyun


26% in CBD

34% in Inner City Areas

Unequal Densities


49/90

Unequal Densities

MingalaTaungNyunt

Bahan

Inner cityZone

Pazundaung

Mingal aTaungNyuntDagon

Bahan

K y e

e m y i

n d i n

e

Sanchaung

Hlaing

Kamaryut

CBD Zone

1.Mindama Secondary CBD

2.Dag on My o Thit Sub-center

P l a n n e

d c i r c u

l a r r o

a d


P l a

n

n e

d

c i r

c u

l a r

r o

a d

Distribution of Population &Commercial Establishments in YCDC area

Shwe Pyitha

Hlaing Tharyar

North-WesternZone

Mayangone

Insein

Northern Zone

North Ok alapa

Mingalardon

Dagon Seikkan

South D agon

North Dagon

East Dagon

Eastern Zone

Southern Outer Zone

Dala

Seikyi Kanaungto

SoutheasZone

Thaketa

Dawbon

Yankin

Tarmway

South Oakk alapa

ThinGan Gyun

Populations (10000 persons)


Population Densities &

Commercial Area Densities are uneven



50/90

MingalaTaung Nyunt

Bahan

InnercityZone

Pazundaung

MingalaTaung NyuntDagon

Bahan

K y

e e m y

i n d

i n e

Sanchaung

Hlaing

Kamaryut

SoutheasZone

Thaketa

Dawbon

Yankin

Tarmway

South Oakkalapa

ThinGanGyun

Mayangone

Insein

Northern Zone

North Okalapa

Mingalardon

Southern Outer Zone

Dala

Seikyi Kanaungto

Shwe Pyitha

Hlaing Tharyar

North-WesternZone

Dagon Seikkan

South Dagon

North Dagon

East Dagon

Eastern Zone


Ahlone

Kyauktada

Botataung

CBD Zone

Seikan

2 1 6 0 0 0 p / S M


50% of all commercial establishments

are concentrated in 10% of an area

C B D 1 . 3 % o f t o t a l a r e a I n

n e r C i t y Z o n e , 6 % o f t o t a l a r e a


S o u t h - e a s t 6 % o f t o t a l a r e a

N o r t h e r n Z o n e 2 5 % o f t o

t a l a r e a

N o r t h - W e s t e r n Z o n e 1 7 % o f t o t a l a r e a

5551establishments

7758establishments

E a s t e r n

Z o n e 3 5 . 5 % o f t o t a l a r e a

Issue no. 3. Issue of Land-use & Central

B i Di t i t l ti


51/90

Business District location

7% of Yangon’s population living in 3% of the area


52/90

Dagon Seikkan

South Dagon

North Dagon

East Dagon

Eastern Zone

MiddleZone

Mayangone

Insein

Northern Zone

North Okalapa

Mingalardon

Shwe Pyitha

Hlaing Tharyar

North-WesternZone

Southern Outer Zone

Dala

Seikyi Kanaungto

SoutheasZone

Thaketa

Dawbon

Yankin

Tarmway

South Oakkalapa

Thin GanGyun


Ahlone

Kyauktada

Botataung

CBD Zone

Seikan

Another sub-centre

Beyond localRequirement

Is justified

Recommendation for Issue no. 3 is

-- “Decentralization & Dispersion”


53/90

Endeavour no. 4The Secondary CBD

Endeavour no. 4


54/90

The Secondary CBD


55/90

Issue no. 4. Conservation of Historical


56/90

Heritage

Old system of visual axis


57/90

y


58/90

View of Shwe Dagon, from the eastern visual axis


59/90

View of Shwe Dagon from the southern axis


60/90

View of Shwe Dagon, from the northern visual axis (before the obstruction)


61/90

Disrespect of visual axis & visual intrusion


62/90


63/90


64/90

Yangon as an old city, heritage of different groups cultural groups are

l


65/90

prevalent

၃။ ေအရွ႕ၾကားေတာရလမ္ း ျမင္ ြကင္ း လမ္ းေၾကာင္ း


66/90

၃ ရွ႕ၾ ရ ျ ြ ၾ

Conservation of city character


67/90


68/90

OLD VISUAL AXIS, GYA TAW YA ROAD


69/90


70/90


71/90


72/90


73/90


74/90


75/90


76/90


77/90


78/90


79/90


80/90


81/90

Issue no. 5. Employment

& Industrial Areas

Not easily identifiable

(Tertiary)Employment Sectors in Yangon

Employment sectors in YCDC


82/90

Tertiary

(Government)

24%

Trading (Tertiary)

29%

Industrial (secondary)

19%

Construction

(secondary)6%

Irregular Workers

(Tertiary+ Secondary)

17%

(Tertiary)

5%

Industrial +

construction employment in YCDC could be around 25-30%

Tertiary Sector is over70%

Underemployment & Unemployment


83/90


84/90

Child-labour


85/90

Industrial land speculation in


86/90

Yangon• 15839.23 acres, 24 sq. miles, approximately,

10 % of Yangon's area, 10432 plots,

developed as industrial Majority starting

from 1996/97

• 4375 plots or 42 % in operation717 plots or 6.9% under construction

• Approximately 52 % waiting for speculation

Hlaing Thaya Industrial Land prices

4500.004500 00

5000.00


87/90

100.00150.00

500.00

2250.00

45.0 100.0

300.0

1750.0

3500.0

0.00

500.00

1000.00

1500.00

2000.00

2500.00

3000.00

3500.00

4000.00

4500.00

Year 1995 Year 2000 Year 2005 Year 2010 Year 2013

A x i s T i t l e

Years

Hlaing Thaya Industrial Zone (Kyats Lakhs / acre Upper)

Hlaing Thaya Industrial Zone (Kyats Lakhs / acre Lower)

To the Policy Makers


88/90

Request No. 1

“To work against Land

Monopolization &

Land Speculation ”

Pl

Summarized presentation


89/90

MiddleZone


Ahlone

Kyauktada

Botataung

CBD Zone

Seikan

Dagon Seikkan

South Dagon

North Dagon

East Dagon

Eastern Zone

Mayangone

Insein

Northern Zone

North Okalapa

Mingalardon

Shwe Pyitha

Hlaing Tharyar

North-WesternZone

Southern Outer Zone

Dala

Seikyi Kanaungto

SoutheasZone

Thaketa

Dawbon

Yankin

Tarmway

South Oakkalapa

Thin Gan Gyun

P l a n n e

d c i r

c u l a r

r o a

d


P l a

n n e

d c

i r c u

l a r r o a

d

SecondaryCBD

(planned)

Extension

Areas

ExtensionAreas

IndustrialZones

IndustrialZones

IndustrialZones

SEZ

IndustrialZones

1. Infrastructure improvement

2. Transportation improvement

3. Land-use pattern changes

6. Employment generation

4. Inner Ring & outer ring

5. Heritage conservation


90/90

YGN Future 1 Dec2014

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