Yellow Perch Aquaculture - eXtension
Transcript of Yellow Perch Aquaculture - eXtension
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Yellow Perch Aquaculture Laura Tiu, Ph.D.
Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development
OSU South Centers
Piketon, OH
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Yellow Perch, Perca flavescens
• Have a wide range – Great
Lakes
• Important sport and food fish
• Decline in commercial fishery
• Opportunity for fish farmers
• $3.00/lb live/wholesale
• $15.00/lb fillets
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Yellow Perch • Ponds, cages, RAS, Aquaponics
• Fingerlings, pond stockers, food
• Takes 18 months to 8” market
• Optimum temp. 55 – 78 degrees F
• Stocking density is most productive at 3000
lbs./acre
• High demand
• Gaps in production
– Spawn 1X/year
– Sexual dimorphism
– Fingerling availability
– Nutrition/first feeding
– Genetic selection (30-40% larger)
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Perch 101 • Spawn once a year: Late March in So. Ohio
• Eggs produced in ribbon structure –requires
unique procedures for incubation and hatching
• Fry (juveniles) need small live organisms for
first few weeks’ feeding – 6 week culture period
in fertilized open ponds.
• Juveniles trained to accept formulated diets –
“Feed training” or “Feed Trained Fingerlings”
• Open ponds – 2 seasons (18 months) to food
fish market size of > 8” from fry size
• RAS – approximately 12 months to market size
• Cages – 2 to 3 seasons to market size
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Spawning Yellow Perch
• Perch spawn 1X/year in the
spring
– Research has achieved year-
round spawning with varying
success
• Males are generally smaller
than females and slower
growing – Sexual
dimorphism
– All female production is being
investigated
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Unique Egg Ribbon Structure • Requires substrate in ponds to attach to, or
some structure in tanks to hold
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Open Pond Spawning • Perch broodstock are stocked to ponds with
substrate ( Christmas trees) added
• Broodstock can be removed later, or left in if feed
trained
• Stocked 20 males,
with 10 females
• Our results were
average 10,000 fry
per 0.25 acre pond
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Improving Fingerling Availability • Indoor Spawning with Hormone
Injection
– Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
– Incubate eggs indoors, stock resulting
fry to ponds
– 40,000 to 80,000 fry/acre
Compared to:
• Pond Spawning with no injection
– Allow natural spawning in ponds
– Egg incubation and fry culture in same
pond
– 40,000 fry/acre
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Stocking Yellow Perch Fry
• Take fry to fertilized pond
• Fry do not like direct sunlight
– Cover bucket
• Closely match water temperature, pH
• Let fry acclimate, do not leave
• Watch oxygen
• Release
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Rotifer Research and Culture Techniques
• Japanese researchers discovered that
rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, could
be used to culture both fresh and salt
water species.
• Very important to fish whose mouth
gape was too small to ingest
artemia.
• Two Big Issues
• Producing the quantities needed
reliably
• Ability to predict and schedule
the needed production
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• Training fish to switch from
their natural diet to
accepting a formulated diet.
• Understanding nutritional
needs and behavior of the
fish helps with feed training
• Age and size affect the
ability and willingness to
accept a prepared diet.
Feed Training
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Important recreational and aquacultural species in the Midwest and elsewhere in the U.S.A.
Propagated in hatcheries with little or no genetic control since the 1970’s.
Urgent need to enhance growth rate through genetic improvement of broodstocks
The overall goal - Create superior yellow perch broodstock with traits amenable to commercial-scale aquaculture
Selected strain grows 32-45% faster than local strains
YP Genetic Improvement Program
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Enterprise Budget by Robert Moore Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics
• Cage and Open Pond Culture Yellow Perch to
Market Size
• 1,000 lbs, 5,000 lbs and 50,000 lbs.
• Based on preliminary culture data from OCAD
and published Enterprise Budgets
• Annual and Seasonal Prices vary in perch
• Variable costs: Feed costs, labor costs, fuel costs
all change from year to year
• Difficult to dial in, in fact, more like a snapshot in
time.
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Moore’s Analysis (available online)
• 5,000 lbs.
- Cages B/E @ $2.81 per pound
- Ponds @ $3.17 per pound
• 50,000 lbs.
- Cages @ $2.52 per pound
- Ponds @ $2.63 per pound
• Cages come out slightly better, as ponds assumed to be in existence for cage culture
• 2000-2012 price for whole yellow perch = $3.00+/lb.
• Retail Prices must be found by Ohio aquaculturists!
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Contact Information
Laura Tiu, Ph.D
Aquaculture Specialist
OSU South Centers
1864 Shyville Road
Piketon, OH 45661
740-289-2071
800-297-2072 (Ohio Only)
http://southcenters.osu.edu/aqua