Yearbook 2005 Consumo Na Europa

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Published and distributed by: European Water Association Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Lohaus General Secretary Theodor-Heuss-Allee 17 D-53773 Hennef Phone: +49 (0)2242 872-189 Fax: + 49 (0)2242 872-135 Email: [email protected] www.ewaonline.de

Printed and bound by: DCM, Meckenheim Editor/Layout: Romona Anton, EWA, Hennef Photo acknowledgements: Mario Grunke, DWA, Hennef Jürgen Korvin, Unna Printed on 100 % recycled paper.

© EWA European Water Association 2005

We greatfully acknowledge the support of our advertisers and wish them success for the future. Whilst every reasonable care has been taken in compiling this publication, the European Water Association cannot be held liable for any inaccuracies, errors or omissions of any kind. The information in this guide has been provided by the EWA members and edited by the EWA Secretariat. Member’s data as of: January 2005. Country data as put down in data section. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

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Contents HAAKON THAULOW – EWA PRESIDENT 2003-2005...................................................................................... 4 JIRI WANNER – EWA PRESIDENT 2005-2007............................................................................................... 5 THE EUROPEAN WATER ASSOCIATION – MORE THAN 20 YEARS FOR CLEAN WATER FOR EUROPE ................... 6 THE EWA CODE OF ETHICS – THE ROLE 0F PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN WATER MANAGEMENT........................ 10 EUROPEAN WATER POLICY.......................................................................................................................... 13 EWA – COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF EUROPEAN STANDARDIZATION ON WASTEWATER ENGINEERING ........ 21 DIRECTORY OF MEMBERS ............................................................................................................................ 27 Austria........................................................................................................................................................ 28 Belgium...................................................................................................................................................... 30 Croatia ....................................................................................................................................................... 32 Czech Republic.......................................................................................................................................... 34 Estonia ....................................................................................................................................................... 36 Finland ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 France........................................................................................................................................................ 40 Germany .................................................................................................................................................... 42 Hungary ..................................................................................................................................................... 44 Latvia ......................................................................................................................................................... 46 Lithuania .................................................................................................................................................... 48 Luxembourg............................................................................................................................................... 50 Netherlands ............................................................................................................................................... 52 Norway....................................................................................................................................................... 54 Portugal...................................................................................................................................................... 56 Serbia and Montenegro ............................................................................................................................. 58 Slovak Republic ......................................................................................................................................... 60 Slovenia ..................................................................................................................................................... 62 Spain.......................................................................................................................................................... 64 Switzerland ................................................................................................................................................ 66 Ukraine....................................................................................................................................................... 68 United Kingdom ......................................................................................................................................... 70 CORPORATE AND SUPPORTING MEMBERS .................................................................................................... 72 Aggerverband ............................................................................................................................................ 73 Amsterdam RAI ......................................................................................................................................... 74 Canal de Isabel II....................................................................................................................................... 76 Eumexeuro ................................................................................................................................................ 77 Emschergenossenschaft/Lippeverband .................................................................................................... 78 GFA............................................................................................................................................................ 79 Kocks Consult GmbH ................................................................................................................................ 80 Messe München GmbH............................................................................................................................. 81 Netherland Water Partnership ................................................................................................................... 83 Painehuuhtelu Oy PTV .............................................................................................................................. 84 R. Späne GmbH Produktion ...................................................................................................................... 85 Sanest – Saneamento da Costa Do Estoril S.A. ....................................................................................... 86 Tuttahs & Meyer Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH............................................................................................. 87 Unie van Waterschappen .......................................................................................................................... 89 Wupperverband ......................................................................................................................................... 90 DID YOU KNOW ...? ...................................................................................................................................... 91 *) Manuscript was not available while going to press.

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HAAKON THAULOW EWA PRESIDENT 2003-2005 It is a great pleasure for me to introduce the brand new Yearbook for the European Water Association (EWA) 2004-2005. I hope you agree that our new EWA Yearbook is much more attractive and appealing than previous editions. The Yearbook contains basic information on EWA’s work, what we do and how we do it. Further information on National Member Associations and key country data are provided, as well as information on our Corporate and Supporting members. I hope the yearbook will be of benefit to our members and contacts. A major ongoing joint effort in Europe to combat water pollution and achieve sound ecological conditions is the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive. A successful achievement of the directives goals, good ecological status in European waters by 2015, requires political will, financial resources, and input of competence and skills from a wide variety of water professionals. EWA with its network of 55,000 professionals through the members of the national associations, can make a contribution to the implementation of the directive. EWA is recognised by the Commission as an important NGO; the grant that we received in 2004 from the Commission is proof of this. And we certainly will take advantage of this opportunity to influence the many technical and scientific issues of the directive. We have recently taken steps to strengthen the links with the EU commission both to increase our influence, as well as to serve our members with relevant and actual information on the Commissions water-related activities. EWA has an active strategy to recruit National Associations from all Central and Eastern European countries, including the new EU member states. We will also give higher priority to our work by strengthening the links with the National Member Associations. EWA conferences and workshops will in the future most preferably be arranged in close collaboration with the National Associations. As you are aware, there is a lot going on in the water sector in Europe and worldwide. And EWA provides our members with relevant information. Our e-mail service EWMN -Environmental Water Management News has become very popular, and from our online journal EWMO you can download an increasing number of articles. My two-year Presidential period ends with the EWA Council Meeting in April 2005. In signing off I would like to thank you all for the opportunity and the privilege of being your President. I would like to thank the Council, the Management Committee and the Secretariat at DWA in Hennef (former ATV-DVWK) for its strong support. It has been a wholly good and rewarding experience. And I am sure EWA will be in the best hands during the presidency of my successor Professor Jiri Wanner.

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JIRI WANNER EWA PRESIDENT 2005-2007 This Yearbook will be ready for EWA members in April 2005, in the month of the world’s largest trade fair in environmental technology, IFAT in Munich, Germany. Thus the Yearbook can at the same time be a very efficient tool to present the Association to the IFAT visitors and exhibitors from most European countries and numerous countries from overseas. The Association would like to present itself as a well established, traditional union of European national professional organizations in water on the one hand and as a modern, flexible organization open to any cooperation on the other. The current EWA membership comprises (with a few exceptions) all EU member countries, some non-EU countries like Norway and Switzerland and countries which are still negotiating their EU membership (Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro). The main task of EWA for the coming years is therefore clear: to welcome among its members the remaining EU countries (Sweden, Italy, Greece, Cyprus and Malta), the countries which are supposed to join the EU in year 2007 (Bulgaria, Romania) and other Balkan countries (Macedonia, Bosnia Herzegovina) and eastern European countries like Russia, Ukraine, Byelorussia and Moldova. Most probably, to complete this task is just a dream, but at the same time it is a very nice vision to have all European water associations gathered under one roof of EWA. On the other hand, when this was possible in soccer (UEFA), why not in water … ? The other task of EWA in near future will be to find common language with other international bodies active on the European water market. As EWA is an association of national professional organizations, its most natural counterpart is therefore the International Water Association IWA. This global organization has a very strong and influential membership in Europe and a lot of important IWA activities (professional conferences, workshops, training courses, etc.) take place in Europe. Very often the national representatives to IWA and EWA boards are recruited from the same national organizations and we can also find many professional people actively involved in both IWA and EWA structures. The forthcoming years are characterized by a very suitable constellation in the leading positions when both the IWA president (Mr. Somlyody) and the EWA president come from the same region in central Europe. The fact that the IWA headquarters in London are not far from the seat of CIWEM, an active national member of EWA, may also play an important role in the future closer collaboration of EWA and IWA. Thus my second dream as EWA upcoming president is to organize the IWA specialized conferences held on the European continent in future together with EWA. A very nice example of the IWA – EWA cooperation would be if EWA can be involved in the preparations of IWA world congress in 2008, when this prestigious event will return after many years to Vienna. Because of the location of the congress, an important part of its programme will be devoted to the Danube. In order to prepare a good scientific and technical programme for the part of the congress dealing with one of the main European rivers, I can imagine that EWA’s deep involvement is vital. Let me conclude my presidential address by expressing the hope that with the help of EWA’s efficient Secretariat in Hennef and with the support of EWA national members, our Association will be able to move in the directions of these visions.

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THE EUROPEAN WATER ASSOCIATION – MORE THAN 20 YEARS

OF CLEAN WATER FOR EUROPE The European Water Association (EWA) was founded on 22nd June 1981 [at that time named the European Water Pollution Control Association (EWPCA)]. Delegates from eleven national professional associations came together at the International Trade Fair for Wastewater and Waste Disposal (IFAT) in Munich, representing associations dealing with water protection issues in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, West Germany, Finland, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland. They felt that in light of a uniting Europe there was a need for an exchange between national associations working in this sector. What had been informal irregular meetings until then, subsequently developed into an ongoing process that still carries on in terms of growing membership and the number of organised projects and events. The scope of the association was enlarged in 1999 with the name changed from "European Water Pollution Control" to "European Water Association". Given the origin of the founding organisations, the Association always transcended the borders of the European Union and its predecessors. The membership increased continuously in the years after the foundation. Contacts to associations from Central and Eastern European Countries existed from the very beginning of the Association's work; full membership however became possible only after the fall of the Iron Curtain. Firms were also included in the organisation as Corporate Members. Today the European Water Association (EWA) is an independent non-governmental and non-profit making organisation dealing with the management and improvement of the water environment. It is one of the major professional associations in Europe that covers the whole water sector, wastewater as well as drinking water and water related waste, providing best practice and best science. With member associations from nearly all Central and Eastern European Countries, it not only includes most of the current European Union member states, Norway, and Switzerland, but also most of the future EU members from Central and Eastern Europe. Besides keeping its members well informed on EU legislation and standardisation, the aim of the association is to provide a forum for the discussion of key technical and policy issues. This is done by organizing international conferences, workshops and meetings, through special working groups for experts and publications. Through this exchange of knowledge the association intends to contribute to a sustainable water management: a safe water supply and the protection of water and soil. The EWA has established close contacts to the European Commission (DG Environment), the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the European Parliament. Today, the EWA consists of about 22 European national associations representing professionals and technicians for wastewater and water utilities as well as consultants, and 14 firms and enterprises as corporate members. The association thus represents about 55,000 professional individuals working in their national associations in a broad field of water management.

Organisation and Structure The highest authority of the EWA is the Council. Each member country is represented on the Council and these representatives meet annually to discuss and plan the activities of the association. The Management Committee is responsible for the daily work of the association and is supported by the Secretariat. In addition, Standing Committees and Working Groups support the work of the Association.

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Organisation & Structure

Structure of the Management Committee At the Council meeting in Lucerne on 23 May 2002 some new members for the EWA Management Committee (MC) were elected. The following is an overview of the current and future positions within the MC:

EWA Management Committee May 2003 - May 2005 May 2005-May 2007 President Haakon Thaulow, N Jiri Wanner, CZ Past President Raymond Pinoit, F Haakon Thaulow, N Honorary Treasurer Jörg Londong, D Johannes Pinnekamp D MC member Peter Cook, UK Peter Cook, UK MC member Jana Zagorc-Koncan, SLO Jean-Philipe Torterotot, F MC member Jiri Wanner, CZ Pertti Seuna, FIN MC member Jürg Meyer, CH Jürg Meyer, CH

Chairpersons of the Committees (without fixed term of office)

European Technical and Scientific Committee (ETSC) Bojan Zmaic, HR Bojan Zmaic, HR

Communication Committee (CC) Helena Marecos do Monte, P Helena Marecos do Monte, P Corporate Members Committee Peter Mathews, UK Peter Mathews, UK European Affairs Committee (EUC)

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EWA National Member Associations

The Work of the Standing Committees From the very beginning the Association laid emphasis on the exchange of information and knowledge between professional experts. Through this exchange of knowledge, the EWA contributes to a sustainable water management: safe water supply and the protection of water and soil. This was achieved by the organisation of more than 50 conferences and workshops taking place all over Europe and covering a very broad range of water related topics such as European legislation (Water Framework Directive, Sewage Sludge Directive etc.), technical questions, for example the significance of small wastewater treatment plants in rural areas and integrated approaches. The European Water Association organizes conferences and symposia at regular events like the International Trade Fair for Wastewater and Waste Disposal (IFAT) in Munich and Aquatech in Amsterdam. An increase in the number of members from Central and Eastern Europe (accession countries), has raised the interest for events dealing with water protection issues. However, not only conferences and the reports thereof were and are the output of the Association's work, but also publications such as the study "The Comparability of Quantitative Data on Waste Water Collection and Treatment" and the study "Urban Wastewater Projects – A Layperson's Guide" which was realised together with the European Environment Agency (EEA). It met with very high interest and was translated into various European languages.

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All this work is achieved through the different Committees and Working Groups that were established from the very beginning. They are based on the voluntary work of experts coming from the different National Member Associations and working together on various subjects of current interest in the water field. The Communication Committee (CC) Communication Committee (CC) is the new name of the former Editorial Committee (EdC) whose main job was the production of the printed journal “European Water Management Online”. The committee changed its name due to a restructuring of the Association’s communication strategy. Its main task is now the coordination of the newly established online journal “European Water Management Online” which is directly accessible via EWA’s homepage at www.EWAonline.de at no extra cost. The committee also co-ordinates a further means of communication, the European Water Pollution Control Network and the weekly newsletter European Water Management News (EWMN) which ensures a coherent communication of both organizational and technical information to members and the public.

European Affairs Committee (EUC) The committee follows the work of the European Commission and arranges regular meetings with officials in the Commission, responsible for activities of relevance to water management. The committee gives comments and advice to official European institutions on behalf of its members. Special working groups within the EUC deal with the topics "Water Framework Directive" and “Central and Eastern European Countries”.

European Technical and Scientific Committee (ETSC) The ETSC provides a focal point for communication and co-operation between European practitioners and researchers concerned with subjects including Sludge, TOC/BOD/COD, and Groundwater. The work results in technical and scientific papers and documents. The committee is also responsible for the organisation and sponsorship of workshops, seminars, conferences and symposia. The Network of Experts Although the Working Groups already present a focal point for the exchange of information, they only involve a limited number of persons out of the approximately 55,000 members assembled in the EWA National Member Associations. Additionally, the Working Groups cover only specific topics and are not able to answer immediate requests.

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THE EWA CODE OF ETHICS – THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL

ETHICS IN WATER MANAGEMENT Claus Hagebro and Peter Matthews The European Water Association (EWA)

Ethics in society

The legal case between the State of South Africa and 39 international medical companies producing AIDS medicine gave cause for a lot of publicity and discussion on moral and ethics. This suddenly became a problem for many people, as these companies acting within a free market economy would not allow production of cheap copy-medicine. Because it was a question of seriously sick people who could not afford to buy the expensive medicine, the companies were supposed to act according to moral principles and accept an income loss. The reason for this change in attitude towards companies and institutions may be the result of the situation after the collapse of communism in Europe. Marxism was opposed to the free market economy/capitalism and provided criticism. After its disappearance the market economy was left alone and after some time many people found out that market economy also have some negative side effects. In this way a New Criticism of the market economy has developed. At the same time society has become very complicated. It is difficult to identify or understand all conditions in relation to e.g. a medical production. The public relates to simple messages. Therefore ethical principles are becoming increasingly important. We judge the company by its image and the way it introduces itself and on how it is presented in the press. Some time ago an article by William Warner1) discussed the influence of religion on wastewater treatment. The article described by means of examples how religious beliefs can direct behaviour relating to health and hygiene. The author stated that the number of people infected by faecal-related diseases continues to grow and he asked if hygiene is controlled better by the myths of religion than the facts of science. His own answer was: probably not – but he added that if all religions commanded: wash your hands after being in the toilet such a single disciplining taboo would have a major positive impact.

Trust of experts

Communities at large no longer automatically trust experts as they used to do. Environmental professionals are no exception. There is a general trend that organisations have to become environmentally certified and demonstrate responsible governance, indeed ethical governance. Environmental ethics is not just the subject of academic study, it is the stuff of newspaper editorials as demonstrated above. Most people have an instinctive view that water is a human right and that its supply should probably be free. However, it is recognised that water service charges can be levied for the cost of treatment and carriage of water and wastewater. There is a powerful element of trust, when these policies are provided by utilities. When the service fails or the resources are misused, not only do customers suffer, but also they feel that the trust has been broken. From the above it seems that there is an increasing demand for simple messages or rules to guide our general behaviour in relation to e.g. water management. Such rules could help to make the statement “make water everybody’s business” from the World Water Vision come true. It seems that one success factor would be ethical behaviour at corporate and personal level in water management.

1) William S. Warner (2000): The influence of religion on wastewater treatment: a consideration for experts. WATER 21,

August 2000

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The concept

At the Water Associations Worldwide seminar at the World Water Forum in The Hague, the European Water Association (EWA) introduced the idea of ethical behaviour of water professionals. At the seminar we presented some generally accepted basic principles formulated as “Ten Commandments” which could serve as the foundation on which new water ethics could be developed. Furthermore, it was suggested to introduce an oath to be taken by individual members when they enter the water management profession. Finally EWA offered to take the lead on behalf of the Water Associations Worldwide for the further development of these ethical principles. Since The Hague, a small task group developed the idea of a Code of Ethics for the European Water Association and its National Member Associations. It worked in conjunction with a similar working group in the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM) which serves UK and Eire. A number of changes have been made: • The Code is now one which can be adopted by a professional body and its individual members which

would be expected to comply with it • It is less evangelical and more practical • There is the possibility to broaden the issue to include all environmental activities to allow for the diversity

of our organisations and to state the commitment of water professionals to the wider environment. However, the Code is very easily expressible in water terms and that version will be presented here.

There is some merit in adopting the same wording throughout all organisations to ensure harmony across Europe but it is recognised that, in practice, there may be variations. For example, some may wish to express the principles in a paragraph rather than ten bullet points; others may wish to choose a slightly different form of words to aid understanding – for example, the words ‘ensure’ and ‘promote’ may replace each other just like some may wish to replace ‘water’ with ‘environment’ to emphasise the focus of their organisation. So, the heart of the acceptance of the Code of Ethics by the water associations is acceptance of the principles.

The Code of Ethics

Individual Members of the Professional Association will be expected to use their influence to the fullest extent and to behave to the best of their ability to maintain a sustainable environment in the following way: • Ensure that the use of environmental resources is fair and equitable and sustainable and

takes account of the needs of a diverse environment. • Never knowingly or deliberately over-exploit environmental resources. • Never knowingly or deliberately cause the environment to be damaged or nuisance to be

created by the discharge of unacceptable quantities of any substance or energy in any form.

• Recognise that in contributing to the provision of environmental services they provide an important contribution to human well-being.

• Ensure that the uses of the environment do it no harm or to the life within it and wherever possible enhance it.

• Embrace the needs of the community. • Promote the concepts of integration of the management of the wider environment. • Use their wisdom in serving the community and constantly strive to learn more. • Serve as an example to others for responsible environmental behaviour. • Never engage in corrupt practice and maintain a high standard of professional behaviour

which will serve as an example to others.

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The national implementation

Since the adoption of the Code by the EWA Council for the Association itself, the National Member Associations have deliberated on its implementation. The UK member association CIWEM (The Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management) has adopted the Code in its original wording. With slight changes the code was translated into French and adopted by ASTEE (Association Scientifique et Technique pour l’Eau et l’Environnement) which recommended its adoption to its members in all their professional activities. The German Association DWA (German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste) adopted a shorter version together with two other big German water related associations, thus reaching a wider community than only its own members. All three associations expended huge efforts to make the code known to the public and to their individual members, e.g. through press releases, articles in the associations’ journals and publication on their homepages. Other associations have accepted the code as a guideline without formally adopting it, others are still reflecting on a possible adoption.

The EWA Code of Ethics – National implementation

Country EWA National Member Association Activities to implement the Code of Ethics

A Österreichischer Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaftsverband (ÖWAV) – Austrian Water and Waste Management Association

Discussion of the Code within the association

CH Verband Schweizer Abwasser- und Gewässerschutzfachleute (VSA)

Discussion and acknowledgement of the Code within the association

D DWA Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall e.V. – German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste

Discussion of the Code, adoption in an own wording, publication in the association's journal

DK The Water Pollution Committee of the Society of Danish Engineers (Ingeniørforeningen i Danmark, IDA)

Discussion and acknowledgement of the Code within the association

F Association Scientifique et Technique pour l’Eau et l’Environnement (ASTEE)

Discussion of the Code, adoption in an own wording, recommended to the association's members

L Association luxembourgeoise des services d’eau (ALUSEAU)

Discussion of the Code, accepted as guideline for the association.

N Norwegian Water Association (NWA) Discussed and accepted as guideline for the association

NL Netherlands Association for Water Management (NVA)

Discussed and accepted as guideline for the association

UK The Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM)

Discussion of the Code, adoption in its original wording, publication in the association's journal

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EUROPEAN WATER POLICY Dr. Helmut Blöch European Commission

1 Abstract

The European Union has a tradition of water protection legislation dating back to the 1970s, with true success stories such as the Drinking Water Directive or the Bathing Water Directive. Building on past experience and looking at the challenges of the future, it has just thoroughly expanded and restructured its water policy by the EU Water Framework Directive1. The key objectives of the new policy are: • all waters to be protected – groundwaters, rivers, lakes and coastal waters, and all waters to achieve

good quality (‘good status’) by 2015 • one coherent management frame based on river basins and involving all water-related legislation • citizens to be involved: participation of citizens, stakeholders and NGOs as mandatory principle • economic instruments supporting environmental objectives • ambitious and binding on objectives, whilst flexible on tools to achieve them. Implementation of the new European Water Policy will be a challenge for all involved parties. In an unprecedented way, a Common Implementation Strategy with all partners has been set in plan, delivering guidance documents and testing/validating them in pilot river basins across Europe, thus providing a living example of Good European Governance.

2 Building on past experience and initiatives in European water policy

Early European water legislation focused, in a "first wave" in the 1970s and 1980s, mainly on quality standards for certain types of waters – bathing waters, fish and shellfish waters and waters used for drinking water abstraction. Success stories of this period are, inter alia, the 1980 Drinking Water Directive and the 1976 Bathing Water Directive. The Bathing Water Directive2 is one of the first elements of European water policy, and probably the best known to citizens as well as media, as reconfirmed every year when the European Commission published its annual Bathing Water Report – providing quality data and maps for all beaches in the EU. Key elements of the Directive are • setting of quality standards for bathing water quality EU Bathing Water Directive: microbiological quality standards (outline)

Parameter I-value (mandatory) G-value (recommendation) Total coliforms 10.000 / ml 500 / ml

Faecal coliforms 2.000 / ml 100 / ml • measures to achieve compliance with quality standards where there still are problems • regular sampling and monitoring of beaches • annual report on bathing water quality

1 Council Directive 80/778/EEC of 15.7.1980 relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption, OJ L229

of 30.8.1980, replaced by Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3.11.1998, OJ L330 of 5.12.1998 2 Council Directive 76/160/EEC of 8.12.1975 concerning the quality of bathing water, OJ L31 of 5.2.1976

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The Drinking Water Directive3 has ensured security for consumers, residents as well as tourist on the quality of their drinking water. Following experience gained and based on latest scientific evidence, the Drinking Water Directive has been revised in 1998. Key elements of the Directive in its present form are • quality standards for bacteriological and chemical parameters • regular sampling and monitoring • regular information of consumers on water quality Bacteriological and chemical quality standards for drinking water (outline)

Parameter parametric value Escherichia coli 0 /100 ml Enterococci 0 /100 ml Arsenic 10 µg/l Benzene 1,0 µg/l Copper 2,0 mg/l Fluoride 1,5 mg/l Lead 10 µg/l Nitrate 50 mg/l Pesticides -each substance 0,10 µg/l Pesticides – total 0,50 µg/l

In the 1990s a "second wave" of European water legislation addressed pollution from urban waste water, from agriculture and from large industries: The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive4 of 1991 provides for waste water collection and treatment for all settlements and agglomerations but the very small ones. Its deadlines are phased for 1998, 2000 and 2005, depending on the size of the settlement and the characteristics of the affected water, thus providing a sound basis for planning processes within the involved bodies and industries. Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive: standard provisions (24−hour average; either concentration or percentage of reduction shall apply)

Parameter Value (concentration) Value (% reduction) Biological Oxygen Demand BOD5 25 mg/l 70 − 90 % Chemical Oxygen Demand COD 125 mg/l 75 % Mandatory design rules for sewerage systems as well as treatment plants (minimum design requirement = highest maximum weekly average load throughout the year).

Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive: additional provisions for sensitive areas (annual averages, either concentration or percentage of reduction shall apply)

Parameter Value (concentration) Value (% reduction)Total nitrogen Plants of 10 000 −100 000 p.e. Plants >100 000 p.e.

15 mg/l 10 mg/l

70 − 80 %

Total phosphorus Plants of 10 000 −100 000 p.e. Plants >100 000 p.e.

2 mg/l 1 mg/l

80 %

The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive has already contributed to an improvement of the quality of our big rivers. However, there are delays, in some cases even scandalous delays, with still prevailing discharges

3 Council Directive 80/778/EEC of 15.7.1980 relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption, OJ L229

of 30.8.1980, replaced by Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3.11.1998, OJ L330 of 5.12.1998 4 Council Directive 91/271/EEC of 15.5.1991 concerning urban waste water treatment, OJ L 135 of 30.05.1991,

amended by Commission Directive 98/15/EC of 27.02.1998, OJ L 67 of 07.03.1998

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of untreated or insufficiently treated waste water; Brussels and Milan are only two ‘highlights’ of this negative hit list. The Nitrates Directive5 sets out clear rules for nitrates pollution from agriculture, one the main sources of groundwater pollution as well as of eutrophication of surface waters in many regions of Europe. There is a two level approach: Within nitrate vulnerable zones (i.e. regions with elevated nitrates concentrations in groundwater or surface water >50 mg/l, and/or with eutrophicated waters, or in danger of become eutrophic) legally binding measures are required, such as minimum manure storage capacities coherent with the nitrogen demand of soil and crop; restrictions for manure application in terms of time, location and nitrogen load per hectare and year etc. Outside vulnerable zones codes of good agricultural practice have to be promoted on a voluntary basis. Pollution to water, air and soil by large industrial installations has been addressed by the Directive for Integrated Pollution and Prevention Control (IPPC)6. Emission controls for installations covered have to be based on best available technique. Requirements apply to new installations as well as, after a transition period until 2007, to existing installations.

3 A new European water policy: Good European Governance

Water problems throughout Europe have a lot in common, e.g. pollution from waste water and agricultural sources. However, local and regional water problems can present a quite diverse pattern, both as regards quality and quantity, in the North and in the South of the EU, in the present Member States and in countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean soon to join the EU. This is true for the quality of our groundwaters, lakes and rivers, for flood events in some regions, for local and regional scarcity in water in others, and for the protection of our waters as a resource, be them fresh waters or marine waters. Based on experience gained but also gaps identified, mid-1995 saw pressure for a fundamental rethink of EU water policy coming to a head, and agreement achieved between the Commission, the European Parliament's Environment Committee and the Council of Environment Ministers on the need for a fundamental reform. The Water Framework Directive presents a breakthrough in European Water Policy, not only as regards the scope of water protection, but also as regards its development and its implementation. The Commission has, right from the start, developed this new policy in an open and transparent way involving all stakeholders, NGOs and the scientific community. Only based on a broad consultation exercise including a two-day Water Conference with all interested and involved parties did the Commission come forward with its legislative proposals7, with the following key elements: • all waters to be protected, groundwaters and surface waters including coastal waters • all waters to achieve good quality (‘good status’) by 2015 • water management based on river basins • "combined approach" of emission limit values and quality standards, plus phasing out particularly

hazardous substances • economic instruments (economic analysis; water pricing) • mandatory participation by citizens, stakeholders and NGOs. • streamlining legislation, and ensuring one coherent managerial frame.

Expanding the scope of water protection All of Europe's waters will be protected under the Water Framework Directive, surface waters and ground water (in the past only a limited number of water for specific human use, such as fish waters, shellfish

5 Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12.12.1991 concerning nitrates pollution from agriculture, OJ L375 of 31.12.1991 6 Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24.09.1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control, OJ L257 of

10.10.1996 7 Commission Proposal for a Water Framework Directive of 26.02.1997, COM(97)49, OJ C 184 of 17.06.1997, of

26.11.1997, COM(97)614, OJ C 16 of 20.01.1998, and of 17.02.1998, COM(98)76, OJ C 108 of 07.04.1998

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waters, bathing waters are protected under European legislation). Unlike previous water legislation, the Water Framework Directive covers surface water and groundwater together, as well as estuaries and marine waters. Its purpose is threefold: to prevent further deterioration; to promote sustainable water consumption based on the long-term protection of available water resources; and to contribute to the provision of a supply of water in the qualities and quantities needed for its sustainable use.

“Good status” for all waters by a set deadline Under the Directive Member States will have to ensure that ‘good status’ is achieved or kept in all waters by a set deadline, 15 years after coming into force, i.e. 2015. Certain limited derogations will be possible, but linked to a clear set of conditions. For groundwater, good status is measured in terms of both quantity and chemical purity; for surface waters ecological quality and chemical quality are the criteria. A Daughter Directive on Groundwater will – as set out in the Water Framework Directive – detail on monitoring, criteria for chemical status, reversion of upwards trends and prevention measures to protect groundwater8.

Water management based on river basins One of the Framework Directive’s innovations is that rivers and lakes will need to be managed by river basin – the natural geographical and hydrological unit – instead of only administrative or political boundaries. Several EU Member States already took a river basin approach in the past but this was not the case everywhere. For each river basin district – many of which will transcend national frontiers – a river basin management plan will need to be established and updated every six years. This plan will have to include an analysis of the river basin’s characteristics, a review of the impact of human activity on the status of waters in the basin, and an economic analysis of water use in the district. Groundwater and coastal waters would be assigned to the nearest or most appropriate river basin district. Regions and river basins like those in the Rhine or Elbe/Labe basins have served as a positive example for this approach to water management, with their cooperation and joint setting of objectives across Member States borders and even beyond the borders of the EU.

The Danube: The EU’s largest river basin, and the most international basin world-wide:

size 817.000 km2, shared between 18 countries;

8 Commission Proposal for a Directive on the protection of groundwater against pollution, COM(2003)550

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Programme of measures, emission limit values and water quality standards Central to each river basin management plan will be the requirement to establish a programme of measures to ensure that all waters in the river basin achieve the objective of good water status. Our waters do not know political or administrative borders. Therefore wherever Member States share a river basin, they are under obligation to jointly develop and establish the necessary assessment and the necessary programme of measures. The starting point for this programme is the full implementation of any relevant national or local legislation as well as of a range of Community legislation on water and related issues.

Bathing WaterDirective

Birds ProtectionDirective

Habitats Directive

Seveso Directive

PesticidesDirective

IPPCDirective

NitratesDirective

Urban Waste Water Directive

Env. Impact

Assessment Directive Sewage Sludge

Directive

Drinking WaterDirective

WFDobjectives

andprogramme of

measures

If this basic set of measures is not enough to ensure that the goal of good water status is reached, the programme must be supplemented with whatever further measures are necessary. These might include stricter controls on polluting emissions from industry or agriculture as well as from urban waste water sources. By establishing one single managerial frame for all water-related legislation, the Water Framework Directive will ensure coherence, and will rationalise EU water legislation by absorbing the operative provisions of 7 old directives9, and repealing them at a later stage. On pollution control, the Directive takes a “combined approach” • firstly, limiting pollution at the source by setting emission controls (e.g. waste water, agricultural

fertilisers) and • secondly, establishing water quality objectives for water bodies (to ensure that those reduced emissions

fit into the local or regional environment). In each case, the more stringent approach will apply. Thus Member States will have to set down in their programmes of measures both limit values to control emissions from individual point sources and environmental quality standards to limit the cumulative impact of such emissions as well as of diffuse sources of pollution. The emissions limit values will as a minimum have to be set in line with Community, national and regional legislation, inter alia, with the Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) and the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive for installations and discharges covered by these Directives.

9 1975 Surface Water Directive and its 1979 Daughter Directive on Sampling and Analysis, 1976 Dangerous

Substances Directive, 1977 Decision on Exchange of Information on Surface Waters, 1978 Fishwater Directive, 1979 Shellfish Water Directive, 1980 Groundwater Directive

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For relevant pollutants and pollution sources the Water Framework Directive foresees EU Daughter Directives for emission controls and water quality standards. A (first) List of Priority Substances has already been agreed in 200110. For particularly hazardous substances (“priority hazardous substances”) a mechanism for their phasing out (cessation of emissions, discharges and losses to or via the aquatic environment) is a legal obligation. The List of Priority Substances agreed in 2001 lists also those substances foreseen for ‘phasing out’. Daughter Directives will now have to address the emission controls, the phasing out and the water quality standards. As for waters used for drinking water abstraction, they will be subject to particular protection, Member States being required to set environmental quality standards for each significant body of water that is used for abstraction or may be in future. The quality standards must be designed to ensure that under the expected water treatment regime the abstracted water will meet the requirements of the Drinking Water Directive.

Water quantity addressed The Water Framework Directive is the first piece of Community water legislation to address the issue of water quantity. It stipulates that the programme of measures established for each river basin must aim to ensure a balance between the abstraction and recharge of groundwater. This will without doubt entail considerable challenges in several regions, depending whether past practices were sustainable or not; groundwater over-abstraction poses a serious problem in several regions. Complementing this environmental objective, all abstraction of surface water or groundwater will require prior authorisation except in areas where it can be demonstrated that this will have no significant impact on the status of the water. These provisions, together with the full cost-recovery pricing, will contribute towards protecting water as a resource.

Getting the prices right The need to conserve adequate supplies of a resource for which demand is continuously increasing is also one of the drivers behind what is arguably one of the Directive’s most important innovations – the introduction of pricing. Member States will be required to ensure that the price charged to water consumers – such as for the abstraction and distribution of fresh water and the collection and treatment of waste water – contribute to the wise use of this limited resource. However, the principle of affordability to the citizens may also be taken into account when fixing water charges, e.g. in less-favoured areas or to provide basic services at an affordable price.

Getting the citizen involved: participation of the public Caring for Europe's waters will require more involvement of citizens, interested parties, non-governmental organisations (NGOs). To that aim the Water Framework Directive will require information and consultation of all interested and involved parties when river basin management plans are established.

Implementing the Water Framework Directive − a common challenge to all In implementing the Water Framework Directive, all parties – Member States, European Commission, Candidate Countries and all other involved parties – face considerable challenges, in terms of substance as well as deadlines.

10 European Parliament and Council Decision 2455/2001/EC of 20.11. 2001 establishing a List of Priority Substances,

OJ L331 OF 15.12.2001

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Time schedule under the Water Framework Directive

Transposition into national legislation December 2003 Analysis of impacts and pressures December 2004 Economic analysis of water use December 2004 Inter-calibration of quality classification December 2004 Monitoring programmes operational December 2006 Latest date for starting public participation December 2006 River basin management plans, programme of measures December 2009 Environmental objective achieved December 2015

Further, the majority of our river basins in Europe are shared between countries. A common understanding of the Directive and common approaches are therefore of crucial importance for a successful implementation. This is why, in an unprecedented effort, Member States and European Commission have agreed on a Common Implementation Strategy. Key activities within the Strategy are • exchange of information • development of guidance documents • management of information and data • application, testing and validation in pilot river basins During summer and autumn of 2001 a range of working groups have taken up work, with the specific task of developing guidance documents for selected target areas. Those groups are led by various Member States, the Commission and the European Environment Agency. A Strategic Coordination Group guides and coordinates the process. Immediately after start of the work, full integration of Candidate Countries, stakeholders and NGOs has been ensured. Detailed information is available on the Internet, as is the full text of the Common Implementation Strategy, its partners, working structure and deliverables11.

Guidance documents A range of documents has been delivered by the Common Implementation Strategy, in line with the work programme and the priorities set: • Economics aspects • Groundwater – assessment and classification tools • Identification of river basin districts • Identification of water bodies • Analysis of pressures and impacts • Monitoring • Intercalibration

• Transitional and coastal waters • Public participation • Heavily modified water bodies • Geographical information systems (GIS) • Role of wetlands in the WFD • Best practices for flood prevention and

flood protection All the guidance documents are publicly available on the European Commission’s information exchange platform12.

Pilot river basins across Europe During 2003 and 2004, the guidance documents developed have been tested and validated in selected pilot river basins across Europe, to ensure their finalised version in time for the practical work of developing the river basin management plans.

11 European Commission, Member States and Norway: Common Implementation Strategy for the EU Water Framework 12 http://forum.europa.eu.int/Public/irc/env/wfd/home

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• Odense Fjord (Denmark) • Oulujoki (Finland) • Moselle/Mosel – Saar/Sarre (France, Germany,

Luxemburg and Belgium) • Marne (France) • Neisse/Nysa (Czech Republic, Germany, Poland) • Somes (Hungary, Romania) • Schelde/Escaut (France, Belgium, Netherlands) • Pinios (Greece) • Shannon (Ireland) • Guadiana (Portugal)

• Jucar (Spain) • Tevere (Italy) • Cecina (Italy) • Harju (Estonia) • Ribble (United Kingdom) • Krka (Slovenia) • Nitra (Slovakia) • Daugava (Latvia) • Arges (Romania) • Zagyva-Tarna (Hungary)

4 Conclusions

The Water Framework Directive commences with the words

“Water is not a commercial product like any other but, rather, a heritage which must be protected …”

In many fields progress has been achieved, however Europe's waters are in need of more protection, in need of increased efforts to get them clean or to keep them clean, as emphasised by reports recently published by the European Environment Agency13 14 15. After 25 years of European water legislation this is a demand not only by the scientific community and other experts, but also to an ever increasing extent by citizens and environmental organisations. The Water Framework Directive sets ambitious objectives for the protection of our water resources across Europe • binding on environmental objectives, • flexible on tools to achieve these objective, as well as on organisation and property ownership and

financing, open to innovation, • providing a sound basis for long-term planning at a technical, financial and political level, • involving the civil society, and thus • providing a living example of Good European Governance. Let us take up the challenge of water protection, one of the great challenges for the European Union in the new millennium. Let us seize the initiative generated by the present political process on the Water Framework Directive, for the benefit of all Europe’s citizens and our waters. Helmut Blöch MSc, PhD European Commission Deputy Head of Unit Water, Marine and Soil Rue de la Loi / Wetstraat 200, BU-9 03/158 B-1049 Brussel / Bruxelles Phone 0032 229 90672 Fax 0032 229 68825 e-mail [email protected] Internet: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/water This contribution reflects the views of the author and not necessarily those of the European Commission.

13 European Environment Agency: Sustainable use of Europe’s waters? Copenhagen 2000 (part 1); Copenhagen 2001

(part 2), Copenhagen 2002 (part 3); http://www.eea.eu.int 14 Environment Agency: Europe’s waters: An indicator-based assessment, Copenhagen 2003; http://www.eea.eu.int 15 European Environment Agency Signals 2002, Copenhagen 2004, ; http://www.eea.eu.int

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EWA – COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF EUROPEAN STANDARDIZATION ON WASTEWATER ENGINEERING

Hans-Joachim Kropf Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (NAW)

1 General

EWA holds close liaison to the Technical Committee CEN/TC 165 "Waste water engineering" of the European Committee for Standardization CEN. With increasing requirements of the various authorities of the EU but also of national bodies to the protection of peoples' health and the surrounding environment waste water engineering gains an increasing importance. There is an increasing demand for European Standards drafted by consent that are supporting the secure meeting of the environmental requirements. Furthermore Standards promote world wide trade, encouraging rationalization, quality assurance and contribute to environmental protection. In the implementation of the European Directives the European Standardization also plays an important part. The "Single European Act" of 1986 demands that within the single European market the free exchange of goods, personnel, services and capital is ensured. Already at that time it could be foreseen that especially the free trade of goods and services would cause considerable difficulties due to various national regulations and technical standards in European countries. These different technical rules would be technical barriers and trade barriers which had to be eliminated in the single European market. To ensure that products correspond to legal requirements, valid in Europe, with regard to health and safety, the reference to standards in a legal text is considered to be more effective than the elaboration of detailed laws. The so-called "New Approach" to technical harmonization and standards' is seen as an essential condition for improving the competitiveness of European industry. Member States' regulations shall refer to European Standards in order to use their content of expertise, flexibility and adaptability to technical alterations for the creation of the EU single market. The European Commission asked the European Committee for Standardization CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation) via "mandates" to provide the necessary technical details and to formulate them in European Standards. The free trade of goods and the freedom of movement for persons, services and capital has become reality. By common European Standards, barriers to trade are cut back. Consumers, manufacturers and authorities profit equally from standardization by increased safety and quality of products or plants. With a common standard, valid in 28 European states, a product can be put more easily on the market. Customers rather demand products or services which can be relied on. From the free participation of all interested parties in standardization work, comprising of representatives from industry, trade, science and authorities, European standardization derives its acceptance. Until today about 9600 European Standards have been elaborated by "Technical Committees (TC)" within CEN.

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2 The European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

Up to now 28 standards organisations of as many European states are members of CEN (see http://www.cenorm.be/cenorm/members). CEN is an international non-profit association governed by the co-ordinated laws on non-profit associations, international non-profit associations and foundations. CEN was not founded by governments but by National Standards Bodies. The aim of CEN is the implementation of standardization throughout Europe to facilitate the development of the exchange of goods and services, by the elimination of the barriers set by provisions of a technical nature. Basic principles of work are: • openness and transparency; • consensus; • voluntary agreement between all parties when standards are developed; • national commitment and technical coherence; • integration with other international work. Anybody can submit proposals for new standards. In general, proposals for new standards projects are submitted by National Standards Bodies or by Working Groups under a technical committee. With respect to European law, new standards projects are required by the European Commission or the EFTA secretariat. Once accepted, a standardization project involves all the interested parties such as designers, manufacturers, consumers, operators, the state and testing bodies via national standards bodies. National Standards Bodies are an elementary part of the European Standardization to represent the national points of view. National Standards Bodies delegate experts to plenary meetings of CEN/TCs and nominate experts for Working Groups under the TC. Standards are consensus based. Once discussion has reached the stage of initial agreement, the results are published as draft standards and made available to the interested public for comments, in case of European Standards in all of the 28 member states. Comments received are discussed by the committee and a final draft is made available to National Standards Bodies (NSB) which are requested to decide by a weighted voting on the approval of the final draft to become a European Standard (EN). Once the European Standard is approved, CEN members have the obligation to implement EN as national standards without any modification either in one of the 3 official CEN languages or as translation. Furthermore, they have to withdraw any conflicting national standard. This means that one European Standard is implemented into 28 national standards. National Standards Bodies may only become a member of CEN if they have already implemented 80 % of the published European Standards unchanged as national standard.

3 European Standardization in the field of wastewater engineering ...

CEN/TC 165 is responsible for waste water engineering, which has up to now, since its foundation in 1989, developed about 90 European Standards for this field. In CEN/TC 165 these standards were mainly developed from requests of the industry, which actively supports their elaboration and finances the work. Standards drafted in CEN/TC 165 mainly belong to the so-called horizontal standards. They specify general requirements to sewers and drains, products for the waste water engineering, the design, laying and structural design of sewers and waste water treatment plants. They are used in design, calculation and performance of processing and plant engineering as well as in construction, operation and maintenance of waste water plants. For communicative purposes standards to terms and definitions are elaborated. Standards drafted in CEN/TC 165 include the whole field of waste water engineering from the point where the waste water arises, including surface water run-off, to the discharge into rivers or lakes.

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Products for which in material related TCs standards are drafted, such as CEN/TC 155 "Plastic piping systems" and CEN/TC 203 "Cast iron pipes" the product standards also have to meet the standards of TC 165 for general requirements from which an important element of the market situation of TC 165 has an effect on other TCs and affects them directly. Therefore a multitude of standards of TC 165 was given a mandate on the basis of the Public Procurement Directive (Sektorenrichtlinie)(93/38/EEC), now replaced by Directive 2004/17/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004, co-ordinating the procurement procedures of entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors. Products such as vitrified clay pipes and manholes, pipes and manholes made from concrete, fibre-cement pipes and manholes, steel pipes, gullies, manhole covers and gratings, separators and small and large sewage treatment plants are used everywhere in Europe in waste water engineering systems. They are in the scope of the Construction Products Directive (EU-Directive 89/106/EEC). That is why for these products harmonized standards (hEN) were drafted and others are still under preparation. They have to fulfil the given requirements of the Mandate M/118 "Wastewater Engineering Products" and of the Mandate M131 for "Pipes, Tanks and Ancillaries not in contact with water for human consumption". Harmonized standards according to the Directive 89/106/EEC are the prerequisite for the CE-Marking of these products and thus the basis for the circulation on the European market. By the use of standards in the field of waste water engineering, the state of the art for those who construct waste water systems, components and treatment plants and the operators is ensured. Between designers on the one hand and suppliers on the other hand the clarity of the contract is increased by referring to standardized requirements to the quality of the products which are as a rule secured by standardized test methods and standardized procedures for the assessment of quality. European Standards facilitate the access of products on the market and support a better acceptance of these products in the EU-countries and world-wide. The very rationalizing and thus cost saving effect of product standards in the field of waste water engineering, e. g. by standardization of dimensions, use of pre-fabricated parts, security of a high quality and by standardized clarification procedures becomes noticeable in a long durability of the products and in lower production costs as well as in a decrease of costs in operation and maintenance. All the national CEN members are entitled to nominate delegates to CEN TC 165 and experts to Working Groups, ensuring a balance of all interested parties. Participation as observers of recognized European or international organizations is also possible under certain conditions. Especially representatives of the operators (users), the manufacturers, design engineers and other consulting engineers, public institutions and test laboratories belong to the interested parties of CEN/TC 165. Due to the structure of the CEN/TC 165 participants in plenary meetings consist of three delegates each of the National Standards Bodies, the convenors of the Working Groups, representatives of the Liaison partners and close European Associations, such as the EWA. Responsible for drafting European Standards in their scope are Working Groups, which are composed in the right balance between different interests like manufacturers, users, testing laboratories a.s.o. Most of the secretariats are held by National Standardization Bodies. To participate in the activities of CEN/TC 165, please contact the National Standards Organization in your country. For drafting European Standards in the field of waste water engineering TC 165 has established 16 Working Groups (WGs) which are shown in Annex 1. A scheme including European Standards resp. draft standards in the field of wastewater engineering is shown in Annex 2.

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Annex 1

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Annex 2

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DIRECTORY OF MEMBERS

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AUSTRIA

Water supply and sewerage systems

Data

General statistical information (2004)

Total population in million inhabitants 8.1

Population density in inhabitants per km² 96.2

Drinking water sector (2004)

Percentage of inhabitants served 87

Specific household consumption in litre per person and day 125

Origin of drinking water:

% Surface water –

% Groundwater 50

% Spring water 50

Wastewater sector (2001)

Annual wastewater quantity in million m³ 1,068

Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents (1,000) 20,084

Percentage of total population connected to public sewer systems 86.6

Percentage of total population connected to public treatment plants 86.6

Wastewater treatment plants

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary treatment only < 1

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary and secondary treatment only 6.7

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary, secondary and tertiary treatment 93.3

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AUSTRIA National EWA Member Association ÖWAV Österreichischer Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaftsverband Austrian Water and Waste Management Association

President DI Dr. Werner Flögl Managing Director DI Manfred Assmann Secretariat Marc-Aurel-Str. 5 1010 Wien Austria Phone: +43 1 535 57 20 Fax: +43 1 535 40 64 Internet: http://www.oewav.at Email: [email protected] EWA Council representative Mr. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Werner Flögl FLOEGL HYDRO CONSULTING ENGINEERS FHCE Haus der Technik Stockhofstraße 32 A-4020 LINZ Phone: + 43 732 660325 Fax: + 43 732 652162 Email: [email protected]

Description The Austrian Water and Waste Management Association (ÖWAV) represents a voluntary federation of all the parties interested in water and waste management in Austria. ÖWAV has seven main committees, and about 50 expert working groups. The expert working groups are producing the elaboration of recommendations, guidelines, rules, working instructions and studies for special fields of water and waste management. The ÖWAV provides advisory services for members; publishes information papers; is documentation center for Austrian publications in the field of water and waste manageent; public information services. ÖWAV organises about 20-30 congresses, symposiums, semi-ars and conferences per year. Furthermore ÖWAV provides trainings for operating personal of water and waste treatment plants. Every member receives a bimonthly magazine and the monthly ÖWAV-newsletter per email.

Membership Total number of members: about 1850, including public and private bodies directly involved in water and waste management: government and state authorities, cities, departments, engineering companies, professional associations, institutions, technical colleges and universities, scientists, lawyers, companies and industry.

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BELGIUM

Water supply and sewerage systems Flanders Wallonia Brux Cap Total

DataGeneral statistical information

Total population in million inhabitants (2002) 6.016 3.380 1 10.396

Population density in inhabitants per km² 445 201 6.199 341

Drinking water sector

Percentage of inhabitants served 99 99 100 99

Specific household consumption in litre per person and day 108 105 119 107

Total production of drinking water in million m³ [local production (+ import – export)] 256+87 396-(87+69) 2.5 + 69 660


% Surface water 46 20 29 34

% Ground water 54 80 71 66

% Spring water 0 0 0 0

Wastewater sector

Annual wastewater quantity in million m³ ? 261 79 ?

Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents (1.000 ) ? 3,970 1,200 ?

Percentage of total population connected to public sewer systems 84.57 73 90 ?

Percentage of total population connected to public treatment plants 55.11 ? 20 ?


% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary treatment only 0 0 0 0

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary and secondary treatment only 1.12 28.1 20 ?

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary, secondary and tertiary treatment 53.98 10.8 0 ?

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BELGIUM

National EWA Member Association Belgian Committee of IWA (B-IWA)

President Prof. Willy VERSTRAETE Universiteit Gent – Faculteit L&TBW Coupure Links 653 BE - 9000 GENT Tel: +32 9 264 59 76 Fax: +32 9 264 62 48 Email: [email protected] Secretariat Belgian Committee of IWA (B-IWA) Nicole Van EYLEN rue Colonel Bourg 127-129 BE 1140 BRUXELLES Phone: + 32 2 706 40 93 Fax: + 32 2 706 40 99 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.b-iwa.be/ EWA Council representative Prof. Willy VERSTRAETE

Description B-IWA is the Belgian National Committee of IWA representing Belgian specialists in the field of drinking water and wastewater from the whole sector (firms, universities, government institutions, individuals). It mainly ensures the link with IWA and EWA and organizes information sessions (Happy Hours) for its members three times a year.

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CROATIA


Data

General statistical information*

Total population in million inhabitants (2001) 4.381

Population density in inhabitants per km² 50

Drinking water sector*

Percentage of inhabitants served


Total production of drinking water in million litre


% Surface water

% Groundwater 86

% Spring water

Wastewater sector*

Annual wastewater quantity in million m³

Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents (1,000) 2,230*

Percentage of total population connected to public sewer systems 40-50

Percentage of total population connected to public treatment plants

Wastewater treatment plants 67

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary treatment only

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary and secondary treatment only

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary, secondary and tertiary treatment

*(2000)

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CROATIA

National EWA Member Organisation Croatian Water Pollution Control Society (Hrvatsko društvo za zaštitu voda)

Chairman Alfred Obranic, B.Sc., geology engineer Secretary Milica Opacic, B.Sc., chemistry engineer Phone: 00385 44 811 203 Email: [email protected] Secretariat Ulica grada Vukovara 220, HR-10000 Zagreb, CROATIA Phone: 385 98 209 393 Fax: 385 01 6307 686 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.voda.hr/hdzv EWA Council representative Dr.sc. Sinisa Sirac Croatian Waters, chemical technology engineer (Manager of the Water Resources Protection Sector) Member of the Great Council

Description The Croatian Water Pollution Control Society was founded in 1979 as an independent non-govern-mental association of citizens with the primary objectives to develop, improve, and increase general awareness of the necessity to protect water resources, and also to assemble scientists, experts, and all other interested citizens and corporations involved in water resources protection who wish to further develop and improve this activity. The Society deals with the issues of water resource protection in order to promote importance of all water – related problems, questions and dilemmas. The Society informs the scientist, or expert, and also the general public about the current problems, measures, and accomplishments in the domain of water resources' protection; both in Croatia and worldwide;

encouraging the investment of best efforts to preserve the good state of the water resources and to prevent degradation and to provide remedy upon occurrence of problematic conditions. The Society carries out technical trainings and organizes workshops and water resource protection conferences, deemed to improve the expertise of Society's members who deal with disposal and treatment of wastewaters. The Society sets up professional training sessions based upon the specific requirements of its members. Technical training on methods and experiences in wastewater treatment are especially popular among the Society members, and so far as many as seven such trainings have been successfully carried out.

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CZECH REPUBLIC


Data

General statistical information


Population density in inhabitants per km² (1999) 129.30


Percentage of inhabitants served 89.8


Total annual production of drinking water (public water supply) 753 mil. m3


% Surface water 65

% Groundwater 30

% Spring water 3

% Others 2


Annual wastewater quantity in million m³ 576





% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary treatment only 2

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary and secondary treatment only 31

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary, secondary and tertiary treatment (nutrient removal plants) 67

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CZECH REPUBLIC National EWA Member Association Asociace čistírenských expertů České republiky (ACE CR) Association of Wastewater Treatment Experts (AWWTE)

Secretariat Masná 5 CZ-602 00 Brno Czech Republic Phone: +420 543 235 303 Mobile phone: +420 737 508 640 Fax: +420 543 235 303 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.ace-cr.cz/ EWA Council representative Jiri Wanner VSCHT Dept. Of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering Technická 5 CZ-166 28 Prague 6 Phone: +420 220 443 149 Fax: +420 224 310 770 Email: [email protected]

Description The ACE CR is the association representing Czech specialists and companies working in the fields of wastewater, waste and water management and quality control of surface waters. The main activities of the association cover both technical-scientific subjects and the economic and legal aspects of water environment protection. The association provides consultancy to the state and local authorities and to private subjects. The ACE CR organizes professional seminars and conferences on both national and international level and provides training courses on different levels. The membership consists of engineers, scientists, lawyers,

businessmen, operating personnel and technicians as well as of university students. Besides EWA, the ACE CR cooperates closely with similar associations in all neighbouring countries and with IWA, the International Water Association.

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ESTONIA

Water supply and sewage systems

General statistical information 2004 Data

Total population in million inhabitants (1998) 1,36


Drinking water sector 2003




% Surface water 35

% Groundwater 65

% Spring water -

Wastewater sector 2003

Annual wastewater quantity in million m³ 119 1)

Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents (1,000) 980

Percentage of total population connected to public sewer systems 72

Percentage of total population connected to public treatment plants 71




% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary, secondary and tertiary treatment 71 1) wastewater requiring treatment

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ESTONIA

National EWA Member Association Eesti Veeühing Estonian Water Association

Chairman Mr. Ain Lääne Mustamäe tee 33 116, 10616 Tallinn ESTONIA Email: [email protected] Secretary Maret Merisaar Phone: +372 656 5414 Fax: +372 656 5442 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.veeyhing.ee EWA Council representative Ain Lääne

Description Estonian Water Association was founded on 2 October 1999 as a voluntary union of private persons dealing with water management problems. The goal of the association is to enhance water management and protection, supply of drinking water, treatment of wastewater, water hygiene and related natural sciences in Estonia. In addition much attention is paid to improving the usage of professional terminology in Estonian, to comment draft legislation and to distribute water related information. There is a tradition to hold at least 5 conferences/ seminars per year, from which at least two are held outside the capital, discussing regional water problems together with local stakeholders. A lot of information sharing is going on via electronic mail and homepage (www.veeyhing.ee). In 2005, the total number of members is 147, of them, 3 are honorary members and 6 are students. The members represent various groups; there are water authorities from the Ministry of Environment and from the Regional Environmental Services, scientists from academic institutions and universities, business sector people dealing

with selling water treatment chemicals or water supply devices or constructing enterprises and private consultancy companies. During the last 5 years most of the international cooperation has been carried out within the framework of various programs funded by the Global Water Partnership (www.gwpcee.org). GWP has provided more than half of the budget for Estonian Water Association. The topics of the common activities with other new EU member states have been: Public Private Partnership, water protection in Common Agricultural Policies, better financial flows in water management, water and education, public participation in the preparing of river basin management plans. As the international cooperation around the Baltic Sea countries has also been a long tradition in Estonia, at least one seminar for the grass root water protection organizations is held too, in cooperation with the network Coalition Clean Baltic (www.ccb.se), to discuss the work under EU Water Framework Directive.

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FINLAND

Water supply and sewage systems

General statistical information 2004 Data

Total population in million inhabitants 5,2






% Surface water 40

% Groundwater 60

% Spring water -



Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents (1,000) -






% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary, secondary and tertiary treatment 90

EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 39

FINLAND National Member Association Suomen Vesiyhdistys ry Water Association Finland

President Pertti Seuna President Water Association Finland Seutulantie 11 FIN – 04350 Nahkela Finland Phone: +358 9 27 52 634 Email: [email protected] Secretary General Markku Korhonen Secretary General Water Association Finland P.O.Box 721 00101 Helsinki Finland Phone: +358 9 403 00405 Fax: +358 9 403 00490 Email: [email protected] Secretariat P.O. Box 721 FIN-00101 Helsinki Finland Phone: +358 9 403 00405 Fax: +358 9 403 00490 Homepage: www.vesiyhdistys.fi EWA Council representative Pertti Seuna

Description: A non-governmental body with some 600 individual members and 16 corporate members, founded in 1969. The purpose of this body is to improve and distribute knowledge and promote professional networking in Finland and abroad. Scope: Standing committees for hydrology, limnology, water supply and waste water treatment, water legislation, river basin management, water ecology and water pollution control, fisheries, hydraulic engineering. Activities: bringing together water professionals, participation in international water bodies (IWA, EWA, WEF) organizing seminars, among them the World Water Day celebration and Junior Water Prize, publications, study tours at home and abroad, etc.

EWA – YEARBOOK

40 EWA 2005

FRANCE


General statistical information Data

Total population in million inhabitants 61

Population density in inhabitants per km2 110



Specific household consumption in litre per person and day (1995) 164 l

Origin of drinking water

% surface water 60

% groundwater 40

% spring water

Wastewater sector

Annual wastewater quantity in million m3 16,3

Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents (1,000) 53,400and 81,500



Wastewater treatment plants 15,435

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary treatment only ≠ 15

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with (primary) and secondary treatment only 70

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary, secondary and tertiary treatment ≠ 15

Data from year 2000

EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 41

FRANCE National Member Association Association Scientifique et Technique pour l’Eau et l’Environnement-ASTEE Scientific Technical Water Environment Association

President Pierre ROUSSEL CGGREF 251, rue de Vaugirard 75732 PARIS CEDEX 15 Tel. : (+ 33) 1 49 55 84 93 Fax : (+ 33) 1 49 55 81 69 Managing Director Alain LASALMONIE ASTEE 83, avenue Foch 75116 Paris Tel. : (+ 33) 1 53 70 13 56 Fax : (+33) 1 53 70 13 40 Secretariat ASTEE 83, avenue Foch 75116 Paris Tel. : (+ 33) 01.53.70.13.53 Fax : (+ 33) 01.53.70.13.40 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.astee.org EWA Council Representative Jean-Philippe TORTEROTOT Cemagref-Engees 1, Quai Koch BP 1039F 67070 Strsbourg Cedex

Description The Scientific Technical Water Environment Association (ASTEE), formerly AGHTM, was established in 1905 to promote and circulate knowledge on municipal techniques affecting public hygiene and health, i.e. drinking water, waste water, solid waste disposal, etc. It now has regional sections, standing technical committees, and working groups, and also organises congresses, symposiums, seminars and conferences. It publishes a monthly magazine and reports on various studies. Membership Total number of members: about 4,000, including public and private bodies directly involved in environmental management: municipal and regional corporations (municipalities, cities, departments, specialist organizations), government and state authorities, , engineering companies, professional associations, institutions, institutes of technology,

technical colleges and universities. Activities • Gathering, processing and

dissemination of information on environmental management including distribution of the Association's monthly review: "Techniques, Sciences, Méthodes (TSM)".

• Holding seminars and study

groups • Presentation of research

papers disseminating the results of research in the field of water, carried out by IWA members and research organizations

• Presenting requests and

petitions to the government; presenting requests for government environmental assistance for water, waste water and working to resolve problems with solid waste treatment.

EWA – YEARBOOK

42 EWA 2005

GERMANY

Water supply and sewerage systems General statistical information [2] Data



Drinking water sector 2001 [1]




% Surface water 20.7***

% Groundwater 64.7

% Spring water 9.4

% Others 5.2

Wastewater sector 2001 [1]

Annual wastewater quantity in million m³ 10,473*





% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary treatment only 0.2**



[1] Statistisches Bundesamt, Fachserie 19 Reihe 2.1, Ausgabe 2001 (veröffentlicht. 2003) [2] www.statistik-portal.de

EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 43

GERMANY

National EWA Member Association DWA Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste

President Prof. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Hermann H. Hahn, Ph. D. University of Karlsruhe 76128 Karlsruhe Phone: +49 (0)721 608-2457 Fax: +49 (0)721 661214 Managing Director, acting Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Lohaus DWA 53773 Hennef Phone: +49 (0)2242 872-0 Fax: +49 (0)2242 872-135 Email: [email protected] Secretariat Theodor-Heuss-Allee 17 53773 Hennef Phone: +49-(0)2242 872-0 Fax: +49-(0)2242 872-135 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.dwa.de EWA Council representative Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Londong Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Coudraystr. 7 99423 Weimar Phone: +49 3643 58 46 17 Fax: +49 3643 58 46 48 Email: joerg.londong@ bauing.uni-weimar.de

Description The DWA – German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste – is in Germany spokesman for all general water questions and supports the development of a safe and lasting water-supply and distribution intensively. It works as a politically and economically independent organization technically in the fields water-supply and distribution, of sewage, waste and floor protection. The DWA is the member strongest union in Europe in this field and one takes a special position in the public eye by its technical competence regarding standardization, professional education and information. About 16,000 members represent the experts and executives from communes, universities, engineering offices, authorities and enterprise.

The main emphasis of its activities is on the acquirement and update of a uniform technical set of rules and standards as well as the cooperation on the list of technical norms at a national and international level. Not only the technical scientific topics but also the economic and legal interests of the environment and prevention of water pollution are included.

EWA – YEARBOOK

44 EWA 2005

HUNGARY


General statistical information Data (2003)


Population density in inhabitants per km2 109



Specific household consumption in litre per person and day 151 l


% Surface water 6

% Groundwater 43

% Karstic water 11

% Bankfiltered water 40

Wastewater sector

Annual wastewater quantity in million m3 514,1

Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents 14.2 / 106




% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary treatment only 2,6

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary and secondary treatment only 68,3

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary, secondary and tertiary treatment 29,1

EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 45

HUNGARY National Member Association Hungarian Waste Water Treatment Association

The Hungarian Waste Water Treatment Association is celebrating its fifth birthday this year. At present, the association represents more than 300 members and this number is steadily increasing. This association, which works as a civilian organisation, has the following main objectives: • Combination of experts and

organisations of canalisation, waste water treatment, sludge processing and re-utilisation of treated waste water and sludge in a single association with a mutual interest in assistance and support,

• Development of corporations

between professional and official organisations,

• Co-operation and exchange

of information, knowledge and experiences between local and foreign experts and expert-organisations

interested in the development and modernisation of canalisation and waste water treatment,

• Participation in processes of

EU legal harmonisation and in the elaboration of technical directives,

• Organisation of symposiums,

events and advanced training,

• Provision for the protection of

member’s interests, assistance of the professional level and compliance with professional ethics.

The association brings out a bimonthly journal (HÍRCSA-TORNA), in which the associations’ activities are presented.

EWA – YEARBOOK

46 EWA 2005

LATVIA


Data



Population density in inhabitants per km² 36,8



Specific household consumption in litre per person and day 64 – 200

Total production of drinking water in million litre 290 219 900 litres per day


% Surface water 33

% Groundwater 67

% Spring water 0

Wastewater sector*

Annual wastewater quantity in million m³ 0,284685 litre per day

Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents (1,000) no data


Percentage of total population connected to public treatment plants no data


% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary treatment only no data

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary and secondary treatment only no data

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary, secondary and tertiary treatment no data

* Year of data: 2003

EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 47

LATVIA National Member Association Latvia Water and Waste Water Works Association

President: Mr. Andis Dejus Director of ‘’Liepaja Water’’ Ltd Address: Str. Kr. Valdemara 12, Liepaja, LV-3400, LATVIA T./Fax: +371 34 23417 e-mail: [email protected] Managing director: Mr. Edgars Tauriņš Address: Str. Liepājas 80b, Rīga, LV 1002, LATVIA T: +371 7607390 Fax: +371 7607395 e-mail: [email protected]

Description 21 enterprises are members of the Latvia Water and Waste Water Works Association. The target program of the Association is to ensure provision of stable high quality water supply and wastewater services to the residents. General tasks and methods: Co-operating with government and administrative institutions working at elaboration and improvement of laws and regulative enactments in the field of water supply and

wastewater; co-operating with municipalities in the fields related to the operation of water supply and wastewater companies, improvement of the structure of such companies and the problems that in all cities and towns of Latvia shall be solved jointly; organising systematic and purposeful training of employees working in water supply and wastewater sector by using existing and establishing new training centres, meeting contemporary requirements etc.

EWA – YEARBOOK

48 EWA 2005

LITHUANIA


Data







Total production of drinking water in million litre -


% Surface water 0

% Groundwater 100

% Spring water 0

Wastewater sector*










EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 49

LITHUANIA National EWA Member Organization Vandenų švaros asociacija (VŠA) Clean Water Association (CWA)

President Dr. Edmundas Levitas A. Gustaičio 6-217 LT-46260 Kaunas, Lithuania Phone/Fax: +370 37 291828 E-mail: [email protected] EWA Council representative Dr. Edmundas Levitas A. Gustaičio 6-217 LT-46260 Kaunas, Lithuania Phone/Fax: +370 37 291828 E-mail: [email protected]

Description The Clean Water Association (CWA) is a non-governmental environmental organization. CWA was founded on May 31, 1996. Registered on September 25, 1996. Registration No.529 The CWA’s mission is the reduction of pollution of surface and ground water by engineering, organizational, educational, legal, and economical means. The main goals of Association’s activities are: • Environmental education

aimed at the formation of the right comprehension by the population of the problems of water resources.

• The improvement of the

design, construction, operation, and maintenance of facilities for the prevention of pollution of water bodies, primarily, of the plants for the treatment of the wastewater.

• The rise of professional

qualifications of specialists and organizations working in

the field of water pollution control.

• The quest for and support of the right and effective governmental strategies and policy in the sphere of protection of water bodies.

• The assistance in the

creation and development of the production of technological equipment for the treatment of wastewater in Lithuania.

• The build up and

strengthening of the ties of Lithuania’s environmentalists with the counterpart organizations, associations, and specialists of other countries.

• The support for the global

efforts aimed at the protection of water against pollution.

Members of CWA are: Lithuanian municipalities, universities, water supply enterprises, design bureaus.

EWA – YEARBOOK

50 EWA 2005

LUXEMBOURG


Data


Total population in million inhabitants 0.450*




Annual quantity in million m3 37



% Surface water 35

% Groundwater 20

% Spring water 45

Wastewater sector





Wastewater treatment plants:




* not included 0.100 border labour Year of data: 2003

EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 51

LUXEMBOURG National EWA Member Organization ALUSEAU Association luxembourgeoise des services d’eau Association of Water Services in Luxembourg

President Mr. Fred LANG c/o SIDERO P. B. 129 L-7502 Mersch Luxembourg Phone: +352 32 58 60 Fax: +352 32 58 63 e-mail: [email protected] Secretariat Mr. Marc BERNA, Secretary-treasurer c/o SIDERO P. B. 129 L-7502 Mersch Luxembourg Phone: +352 32 58 60-24 Fax: +352 32 58 63 e-mail: [email protected] Web : www.aluseau.lu EWA Council Representative Mr. Nico HOFFMANN Ingénieur Administration des travaux et des services techniques de la Ville de Luxembourg Centre E. Hamilius, 51, bd. Royal L-2429 Luxembourg Phone : +352 4796-2831 Fax : +352 46 37 49 e-mail : [email protected]

Description ALUSEAU is the national association of water services in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, regrouping members of the drinking-water sector and of the wastewater area. ALUSEAU is a politically independent and non-profit making association. The main objectives of the association are to promote the common interests of all authorities and public services dealing with water management. To that effect ALUSEAU aims at advocating the study of all scientific, technical, economic and administrative problems relating to drinking-water supply and sewage collection and treatment, promoting a suitable management of the water resources of the country. ALUSEAU is also representing its members in international associations dealing with the same objectives than described.

Fred Lang

Marc Berna

EWA – YEARBOOK

52 EWA 2005

NETHERLANDS


Data

General Statistical Information


Population density in inhabitants per km2 (2005) 481

Drinking Water Sector

Percentage of inhabitants served (2003) 96

Specific household consumption in litre per person and day (2001) 126,2

Origin of drinking water: (2003)

% surface water 38,1

% groundwater 58,4

% spring water 3,5


Annual wastewater quantity in million m3 1346,6 million m3

Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents 15804 thousand inh./23400 thousand p.e.





% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary and secondary treatment only 19,8

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary, secondary and tertiary treatment 80,2

EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 53

NETHERLANDS National EWA Member Organization Nederlandse Vereniging voor Waterbeheer NVA (Netherlands Association for Water management)

President Drs. C. Roos C/o Bureau KVWN/NVA Postbus 70 2280 AB Rijswijk The Netherlands Phone: + 31 70 41 44 778 Email: [email protected] Secretariat M.C. van Houten Association executive Bureau KVWN/NVA Postbus 70 2280 AB Rijswijk The Netherlands Phone: + 31 70 41 44 778 Fax + 31 70 41 44 420 Email: [email protected] EWA Council Representative Mr. drs. Peter C.G. Glas Waterschap De Dommel P.O. Box 10.001 5280 DA Boxtel Niederlande Phone: +31 411 618 200 Fax: +31 411 618 678 E-mail: [email protected]

Description Founded on 18th September 1958, the Netherlands Association for Water Management, NVA, is a multidisciplinary group of people. In 2001 the association’s membership numbered over 3000. The association’s aim is to enhance the knowledge and art of multidisciplinary integrated water management and the collection, transport and treatment of wastewater. This is achieved by providing a platform to allow its members to exchange and test their knowledge and experience. The profile of the association reflects the integrated approach to water quantity and water quality management, river management and pollution control, as well as the relationship with surface water management, groundwater management, sewerage, sewage and industrial wastewater and sewerage treatment. The NVA aims to reach its goals by: • organising scientific and

technical conferences

• publishing periodicals and journals

• maintaining contacts with

organisations and institutions, national and international, which pursue similar objectives

• organising and promoting

education, training and study • organising meetings and

excursions both at home and abroad

• presenting awards to

stimulate publications and research

NVA membership NVA brings together people engaged in management, planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance, monitoring, research and education concerning sewerage, domestic and industrial sewage and wastewater treatment, river management, pollution control, flood and bank protection, i.e. all aspects of integrated water management. The association recognises individual members and (financial) contributors.

EWA – YEARBOOK

54 EWA 2005

NORWAY


Data




Drinking water sector (data from 2002 )


No of litres delivered from waterworks per person and day 550

Total production of drinking water in million litre 808


% Surface water 90

% Groundwater 10

% Spring water 0

Wastewater sector*









*Year of data: 2000

EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 55

NORWAY National EWA Member Organization Norwegian Water Association (NWA)

EWA Council representative Senior Advisor Haakon Thaulow Norwegian Institute for Water Research PO box 173 Kjelsås N-0411 Norway Phone: 004722185100 Fax: 004722185200 E-mail: [email protected]

Description The Norwegian Water Association (NWA) is an independent non-governmental and non-profit organisation dealing with the management and improvement of the water environment. The NWA provides a forum for discussion of key technical, scientific and policy issues on water covering both water resources

and water quality. NWA publicise its own journal “VANN” (“WATER”). Through this exchange of knowledge ,the NWA significantly contributes to sustainable water management in Norway The NWA has 1050 individual and 530 as corporate members in Norway.

EWA – YEARBOOK

56 EWA 2005

PORTUGAL


Data


Total population in million inhabitants 9712154






% Surface water 55

% Groundwater 45

% Spring water

Wastewater sector*






Number of inhabitants in the cities (x1,000) 4028

Percentage of population connected to public sewer systems in the cities 71

Percentage of population connected to public treatment plants in the cities 50

Wastewater treatment plants in the cities 1312





EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 57

PORTUGAL National EWA Member Organization Associação Portuguesa de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental (APESB)

Secretariat Associação Portuguesa de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental (APESB) c/o Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil Av. do Brasil, 101 P-1700-066 Lisboa Codex Phone: +351 21 844 38 49 Fax: +351 21 844 30 32 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.apesb.pt EWA Council representative Joaquim Poças Martins Presidente do Conselho de Admin. AGUAS DE GAIA EM Rua 14 de Outubro P-4400 Villa Nova de Gaia Phone: +35 12 20 41 909 Fax: +35 12 37 72 089 Email: [email protected] Description:

The Associação Portuguesa de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental – Portuguese Association for Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (APESB) is a Portuguese non-profit, scientific and technical association, founded in 1980, for an indeterminate period of time, recognised as a corporate body of public interest since March 1990. APESB has the following objectives: • To be a national body

especially oriented to the study, analysis and discussion of aspects related with water supply, drainage, treatment and final disposal of wastewater and the collection, treatment and final disposal of solid waste, in

order to contribute to the implementation of better, feasible and sustainable solutions.

• To foster the technical and

scientific exchange, including technology transfer and training, in the fields of water supply, drainage and treatment of wastewater as well as solid waste, at national level and in the Portuguese-speaking countries.

• To contribute to the scientific

and technological development of subjects related to water supply, drainage, treatment and final disposal of wastewater and collection, treatment and final disposal of solid waste.

EWA – YEARBOOK

58 EWA 2005

SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO

Water supply and sewerage systems Data


Total population in million inhabitants (2002) 10,400,000

Population density in inhabitants per km² (2002) 102



Specific household consumption in litre per person and day (1997) 250 (urban)120 (rural)

Total production of drinking water in million litre (1997) 1,400,000

Origin of drinking water (1997):

% Surface water 22

% Groundwater

% Spring water 78

Wastewater sector

Annual wastewater quantity in million m³ (1995) 1,275

Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents (1,000) (1995) 13,798

Percentage of total population connected to public sewer systems (1995) 35

Percentage of total population connected to public treatment plants (1998) 10


% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary treatment only (1998) 17

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary and secondary treatment only (1998) 83

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary, secondary and tertiary treatment (1998) 0

EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 59

SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO National EWA Member Organization Yugoslav Water Pollution Control Society (YUWPCS)

Secretariat Yugoslav Water Pollution Control Society (YUWPCS) Kneza Milosa St. 9/I 11000 Belgrade Serbia and Montenegro Phone: +381 11 3241 656 Fax: +381 11 3241 656 EWA Council representative Prof. Stanka Filipovic Biotechnical Institute University of Montenegro Trg Kralja Nicole BB 81000 Podgorica Serbia and Montenegro Phone/Fax: +381 81 224 999 Email: [email protected]

Description YUWPCS is an independent organisation of experts in the water sector, established in 1966. The Society has a total of 140 individual and 50 corporate members from Serbia and Montenegro. Activities of the Society include organization of scientific and technical Conferences and Workshops, providing information services for society’s members, as well as cooperation and exchange of information with other similar national or international associations. So far, the society has organized 33 national conferences, 4 international conferences and a number of workshops and seminars related to water quality and water pollution control. YUWPCS is a country representative and governing Member of

International Water Association since 1980.

EWA – YEARBOOK

60 EWA 2005

SLOVAK REPUBLIC


Data






Specific household consumption in litre per person and day 109.2

Total production of drinking water in million m3 377.8


% Surface water 16.9

% Groundwater 83.1

% Spring water 0

Wastewater sector*

Annual municipal wastewater quantity in million m³ 131.2

Total number of population equivalents (municipal ww) (1,000) 3,006




% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary treatment only 9.7




EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 61

SLOVAK REPUBLIC National EWA Member Organization Asociácia čistiarenských expertov SR (AČE SR) Association of Wastewater Treatment Experts of the Slovak Republic (AČE SR)

President Assoc. Prof. Miloslav Drtil, PhD. Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology SUT Bratislava Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovak Republic Phone: 00421 2 59325387 Fax: 00421 2 52 493 198 Email: [email protected] Vice-president Assoc. Prof. Juraj Námer, PhD. AD Consult, a.s. Strojnícka 34 821 05 Bratislava Slovak Republic Phone : 00421 2 43 42 23 91 Fax : 00421 2 43 63 61 55 Email : [email protected] Secretary Nábr. arm. gen. Svobodu 5 812 49 Bratislava Slovak Republic Phone: 00421 2 59343405 Fax: 00421 2 54411941 Email: [email protected] EWA Council representative Assoc. Prof. Ján Derco, PhD. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology SUT, Bratislava Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovak Republic Phone: 00421 2 59325231 Fax: 00421 2 52 493 198 Email: [email protected]

Description ACE SR, as the leading Slovakian membership association, aims its effort to the improvement of water and wastewater management in an environmentally sustainable way. Specifically, ACE’s coverage includes all aspects of wastewater collection, treatment and disposal and overall management of water quality and quantity including environmental and public health issues. ACE’s mission is to achieve its vision by promoting best practice and exchange of the latest skills, techniques and knowledge on these aspects of water management. Then to disseminate this by means of specialised meetings, publications, expert networks and electronic media. Also, to engage in advocacy and exchange of ideas with major agencies and promote public awareness. And, to provide a means whereby all the different types of organisations and professions in the water sector can exchange information. ACE’s intention is to promote integrated urban water management with special attention to wastewater management as the best strategy for securing safe and adequate sanitation for communities.

EWA – YEARBOOK

62 EWA 2005

SLOVENIA


Data





Percentage of inhabitants served (2002) 97.4

Specific household consumption in litre per person and day (1997) 146

Total production of drinking water in million m3 (2003) 178.7


% Surface water 2.6

% Groundwater 56.9

% Spring water 40.5

Wastewater sector

Annual wastewater quantity in million m³ (2004) 775.7

Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents (1,000) (1995) 2,000


Percentage of total population connected to public treatment plants (2002) 35.5

Wastewater treatment plants (2002)

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with pre-treatment only 42.3




EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 63

SLOVENIA National EWA Member Organization SDZV Slovensko društvo za zaščito voda Slovenian Water Pollution Control Assocciation

President Prof.Dr. Milenko Roš National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 SI-1000 Ljubljana Phone: +386 1 476 02 00 Fax: +386 1 476 03 00 E-mail: [email protected] Managing Director Prof. Dr. Boris Kompare University of Ljubljana Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering Jamova 2 SI-1000 Ljubljana Phone: +386 1 421 74 80 Fax: +386 1 24 19 144 E-mail: [email protected] Secretariat Address: Hajdrihova 19 SI-1000 Ljubljna Phone: +386 1 476 02 00 Fax: +386 1 476 03 00 Homepage: www.sdzv-drustvo.si EWA Council representative Prof.Dr. Jana Zagorc-Končan University of Ljubljana Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Aškerčeva 5 SI-1000 Ljubljana Phone: +386 1 24 19 100 Fax: +386 1 24 19 530 E-mail: [email protected]

Description In 1991, Slovensko društvo za zaščito voda (SDZV) – Slovenian Water Pollution Control Association was established with the objective of promoting the advancement of water pollution control technology and of providing a forum for discussion of key policy issues. SDZV is a scientific, professional, non-governmental and non-profit association. The benefits of membership are numerous. The SDZV provides a unique forum for promotion of technical and policy views as well as for the exchange of views between professional and commercial interests. Membership enables attendance at seminars and conferences organised by the association at significantly reduced fees. All members of the association have a significant discount when buying any of the association’s publications. The main activity of our national Association is organisation of professional conferences, seminars, meetings and excursions as well as publication of professional literature.

EWA – YEARBOOK

64 EWA 2005

SPAIN


Data


Total population in million inhabitants (1998) 40






% Surface water 76

% Groundwater 17

% Spring water 3

% Desalted water 4

Wastewater sector

Annual wastewater quantity in million m³ --

Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents (1,000) --







EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 65

SPAIN National EWA Member Organization Asociación para la defensa de la calidad de las aguas (ADECAGUA)

President Angel Cajigas Dirección General de Obras Hidráulicas y Calidad de las Aguas Ministerio de Medio Ambiente Plaza San Juan de la Cruz 28003 MADRID Phone: +34 91.597.6344 Fax: +34 91.597.61.96 Email: [email protected] Managing Director Gamaliel Martínez de Bascarán Dr. Ingeniero Industrial C/ Río Rosas,44 – 5ºB 28003 MADRID Phone: +34 91.554.49.38 Fax: +34 91.553.11.24 Email: is [email protected] Secretariat ADECAGUA Vía Laietana, 39 08008 BARCELONA Phone: +34 93.319.23.00 Fax: +34 93.310.06.81 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.adecagua.org EWA Council representative Gamaliel Martínez de Bascarán Dr. Ingeniero Industrial C/ Río Rosas,44 – 5ºB 28003 MADRID Phone: +34 91.554.49.38 Fax: +34 91.553.11.24 Email: [email protected]

Description ADECAGUA is non profit educational and technical association independent politically and economically of water quality experts. It is the Spanish member of the Water Environment Federation. It is formed by some 300 members working with the administration or private water companies, engineering firms, universities, consulting etc. Mostly are active private members. We developed and disseminate information concerning the nature, collection and treatment of domestic and industrial water. ADECAGUA organises regularly technical seminars and meetings and hold a webpage www.adecagua.org. We collaborate regularly with two specialised journals in Spain.

EWA – YEARBOOK

66 EWA 2005

SWITZERLAND


Data






Specific household consumption in litre per person and day (2000) 160 l


% Surface water 20

% Groundwater 40

% Spring water 40

Wastewater sector

Annual wastewater quantity in million m³ (2004) 1,442

Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents in 1'000 eq. (2004) 20,250




% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary treatment only (2004) 0

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary and secondary treatment only (2004) 15

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary, secondary and tertiary treatment (2004) 85

EWA – YEARBOOK

EWA 2005 67

SWITZERLAND National EWA Member Organization Verband Schweizer Abwasser- und Gewässerschutzfachleute (VSA) Association suisse des professionnels de la protection des eaux Associazione svizzera dei professionisti della protezione delle acque Swiss Water Pollution Control Association

President Jürg Meyer, Dipl. Ing. ETH Gemeindeverband für Abwasserreinigung Region Luzern (GALU) CH-6021 Emmenbrücke Phone: +41 (0)41 429 12 20 Fax: +41 (0)41 429 12 13 Email: [email protected] Managing Director Urs Kupper, Dr. VSA CH-8026 Zürich Phone: +41-(0) 43 343 7070 Fax: +41-(0) 43 343 7071 Email: [email protected] Secretariat Strassburgstrasse 10 Postfach 2443 CH-8026 Zürich Phone: +41-(0) 43 343 7070 Fax: +41-(0) 43 343 7071 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.vsa.ch EWA Council representative Jürg Meyer, dipl. Ing. ETH Gemeindeverband für Abwasserreinigung Region Luzern (GALU) CH-6021 Emmenbrücke Phone: +41 (0)41 429 12 20 Fax: +41 (0)41 429 12 13 Email: [email protected]

Description The VSA is the association representing Swiss specialists working in the fields of wastewater and water pollution control management. The main activities of the association cover technical, scientific, economic and legal aspects of water pollution control. The politically and economically independent association operates on a national level. The some 2,400 members work for public authorities, engineering consultants, companies, associations and also in universities. Central tasks of the association are the preparation and updating of technical standards and guidelines and professional training of members and staffs of sewage treatment plants. Corresponding to the official languages of Switzerland, VSA offers services in German, French and Italian.

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UKRAINE


Data

General statistical informatio




Percentage of inhabitants served (2003) ~70

Specific household consumption in litre per person and day (2000) 320

Total production of drinking water in million litre (2000) 3112


% Surface water (2000) ~70

% Groundwater (2000) ~30

% Spring water n.a.

Wastewater sector

Annual wastewater quantity in million m³ (2000)

Produced by drinking water sector in million m3 (2000) 10517

3306

Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents (1,000) n.a.

Percentage of total population connected to public sewer systems n.a.



% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary treatment only (2000) 2,6

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary and secondary treatment only (2000) 69,3

% of annual wastewater quantity treated with primary, secondary and tertiary treatment n.a.

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UKRAINE National EWA Member Organization Ukrainian Water Association

President Dr. Leonid L. Dobryansky Phone: 380 44 424-80-42; Fax: 380 44424-69-84 Address: 32, Palladina avenue Kiev-142, 03680, Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] Managing Director Yaroslav V. Druchenko Phone/Fax: 380 44 452-51-12 Address: 32, Palladina avenue Kiev-142, 03680, Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] Secretariat 32, Palladina avenue Kiev-142, 03680, Phone: 380 44 424-80-42; Fax: 380 44 424-69-84 E-mail: [email protected] Homepage: www.cleanwater.org.ua EWA Council representative Valeriy G. Malyarenko Vice-President of the Ukrainian Water Association Phone: +380 44 452-33-85; Fax: +38044 452-51-12 Email: [email protected]

Description The Ukrainian Water Association is a non-governmental organization, which was founded in 1999 in order to improve the mechanisms used for the supply of high quality drinking water to people, and render organizational and methodological support to companies and organizations producing water purifying equipment and drinking water. The Ukrainian Water Associ-ation consolidates 54 companies, organizations and about 5000 professionals who works in the fields of water and wastewater treatment, water management etc. Serving the needs of its members, the Ukrainian Water Association is engaged in the following set of activities, including: • publication of the Ukrainian

Scientific-and-Practical • magazine "Water and Water

Purifying Technologies" on a regular basis (quarterly)

• organizing and carrying out of International Water Forum “Aqua Ukraine” annually in Kiev, Ukraine.

• holding of biannual scientific

and practical conferences on pressing problems related to water treatment, purification, supply and quality control;

• provision on a regular basis

of methodological and specific materials for members of the Association, specialists of relevant institutions and organizations

• participation in drafting

regulations to meet the demands of today

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United Kingdom

Water supply and sewerage systems Data


Total population in million inhabitants (2000) 59,755,700

Population density in inhabitants per km² (2000) 241/km2


Percentage of inhabitants served



% Surface water 67

% Groundwater 33

% Spring water 0

Wastewater sector*


Total number of inhabitants and population equivalents in 1'000 eq. 56,730,000








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UNITED KINGDOM National EWA Member Organization CIWEM The Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management

President Geoff Bateman OBE Executive Director Nick Reeves Email: [email protected] Secretariat The Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM) 15 John Street London WC1N 2EB United Kingdom Phone: +44 (0) 20 7831 31 10 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7405 49 67 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.ciwem.org EWA Council representative Peter Cook Peter Cook Consultancy Ltd. 4 Farriers Close Codicote, Hitchin Hertfordshire SG4 8DU UK Phone: +44 (01438) 821594 Fax: +44 (01438) 821897 Email: [email protected]

Description The Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM) is an independent professional body representing managers, and other professionals who are responsible for the stewardship of environmental assets. Benefits of CIWEM Membership • Unlimited access to the key

players in environmental management across all sectors;

• Over 250 conferences, events, social functions and technical meetings each year;

• Access to a wide variety of environmental policy papers and consultation responses to governments and other bodies;

• A strong network of environmental professionals in all areas working in many disciplines in all sectors;

• Branch meetings, events and conferences on environmental and related issues;

• Special Interest Group meetings concentrating on the Environment, Scientific, and Rivers & Coastal matters;

• Access to a New Members Forum;

• A website discussion forum enabling you to air your views on the hot topics of the day;

• A magazine “Water and Environment Manager” which

deals with topical issues you need to know about;

• A widely recognised and authoritative Journal;

• An electronic Newsletter; • A wide range of publications

covering many environmental subjects;

• Training and professional development opportunities through CIWEM’s own postgraduate Certificate and Diploma. These are unique and highly respected environmental qualifications;

• A range of professional and non-professional grades of membership, including Environmental Partner and Industry Affiliate;

• Registration for suitably qualified members with the Engineering Council as Chartered Engineer (CEng), Incorporated Engineer (IEng) and Engineering Technician (EngTech);

• European Registration for CEng and IEng members;

• Registration for suitably qualified members with The Science Council as Chartered Scientist (CSci);

• Registration for suitably qualified environmental practitioners with the Society for the Environment as Chartered Environmentalist (CEnv).

If you want to know more about us please visit our website on www.ciwem.org.uk or email [email protected]. Alternatively, Fon: 44 (0) 20 7831 31210 or Fax: 44 (0) 20 7831 2830.

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CORPORATE AND SUPPORTING MEMBERS The European Water Association includes several Corporate Members, presented on the following pages. The Corporate Membership within the EWA is open to commercial companies, organizations, utilities and research organizations operating in the European water management sector. Corporate Members have the following benefits from their membership: • They obtain a forum for establishing a dialogue with their customer base throughout Europe - 55,000

individual professional and technician members of the EWA National Member Associations. • Access to the Network of Experts. • Involvement in and information on European standards through EWA membership in the CEN technical

committees TC 164 (drinking water), TC 165 (wastewater) and TC 308 (sewage sludge). • Technical notes and papers, especially from the European Commission. • Contacts to the European Commission (DG Environment and Research) and the European Environment

Agency. • European water information: Weekly email news service and access to the European Water Pollution

Control Network, established in co-operation with the European Environment Agency. • Direct link from the EWA homepage to the Member's homepage. • Minutes of Council meetings. For further information about the committees or membership, please contact the EWA Secretariat.

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AGGERVERBAND

Aggerverband Michael Richter Sonnenstr. 40 51645 Gummersbach Germany Phone: +49 (0) 22 61/36-0 Fax: +49 (0) 22 61/36-8 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.aggerverband.de

Description The Aggerverband is a water association according to the regulations of the German federal state North-Rhine-Westphalia. It works in the following areas: Reservoirs and drinking water supply The Aggerverband operates two drinking water reservoirs that supply about 500.000 people per year with approximately 25 Mio. m³ drinking water. A third reservoir provides 12 Mio. m³ raw water annually. The service area covers 1620 km². Running waters The protection of habitats at creeks and rivers is important to the Aggerverband. Flood protection is ensured by combining natural and integrated artificial systems. Design and construction The Aggerverband conducts design and operation in relation to its fields of activity. This covers waste water systems (sewage works, sewers), water supply (reservoirs, water works), flood protection and maintenance of water bodies. Laboratory To ensure the good drinking water quality the water works and the pipe network are monitored as well as the reservoirs and the waters that

flow to the reservoirs. The control also covers the compliance with the limits in the outlets of the wastewater treatment plants and the monitoring of the quality of the running waters. Wastewater The Aggerverband runs 38 sewage treatment plants, 10 pumping installations, 150 storm water overflow tanks and 100 km sewers. The rural structure and the topography account for the high number of small and medium-sized facilities. The aim of the association is to ensure a high water pollution control at bearable costs. Sewers and pipe network Sewer cleaning was originally done for the association only, but is today also offered to municipalities as service. The Aggerverband has at its command the most modern vehicles for the cleaning of sewers and gullies and for TV inspection. Perspectives The Aggerverband wants to meet the challenge of competition in the course of the liberalisation of the water services. Its aim is to keep the high quality while reducing the costs. One tool for achieving this goal is the quality management that is currently established.

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AMSTERDAM RAI

Amsterdam RAI Aquatech project team P.O. Box 77777 1070 MS Amsterdam The Netherlands Phone: +31 20 549 12 12 Fax: +31 20 549 18 43 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.rai.nl www.aquatechtrade.com

Description Research has shown that the visitors to Amsterdam RAI attach greater importance to high quality facilities and pleasant surroundings than to extra exhibition halls. Both visitors and organisers of exhibitions, trade fairs and conferences believe that a visit to the RAI should be an inspiring experience.In short, quality before quantity. This is why Amsterdam RAI has chosen to continue to develop the Exhibition and Conference Centre in Amsterdam into Europe ’s most: • attractive (inviting ambience,

feel-good factor and memorable experience)

• and innovative (innovative in terms of buildings, ICT, logistics, catering and hosting)

• compact (continuous upgrading of the complex –there ’s always something new to experience at the RAI)

• international venue (our products and services satisfy the highest international standards)

• with strong titles,maximum economic spin-off and adequate yield.

Amsterdam RAI aims to ensure that all its facilities and services are of ‘star level ’.To this end it is making substantial annual investments in people, technology and physical infrastructure and in making the interior of the complex as comfortable and pleasant as possible. Another factor that greatly enhances the

attractiveness of the venue is that it is easily accessible,yet also very close to the centre of Amsterdam. The restructuring of the relationship with the Municipality of Amsterdam has been virtually completed. The activities of Amsterdam RAI have been placed under a holding company (RAI Holding B.V.), in which the RAI Association has a 75%interest and the Municipality of Amsterdam holds the remaining 25%. As part of the restructuringarrangement, Amsterdam RAI will acquire the Congress Centre from the Municipality of Amsterdam at the start of 2004. In addition to the investments in upgrading the buildings,many measures have been taken in the past year to continue the development of Amsterdam RAI as Europe ’s ‘most attractive and innovative compact international venue’. Examples are the refurbishment of the Amsterdam RAI Theatre (Auditorium), the new Diamond Lounge and the upgrading of the service desks.Much energy was also devoted to improving internal communication and training,and preparations were made for innovati ons in the ICT field, including the provision of wireless ICT services to exhibitors.In addition, an Innovation Board was established to provide systematic follow-up – through a network of 70 RAI employees – for ideas generated both internally and externally.

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In October 2003 Amsterdam RAI welcomed its 80 millionth visitor since the exhibition and conference centre opened in 1961. Further steps to implement the plans to develop the RAI complex into Europe ’s most attractive and innovative compact international venue were taken in 2004, and the corporate activities continued to be assessed in the light of the company ’s new course. Amsterdam RAI expected to invest some € 18 million in buildings, ICT and exhibition titles in 2004. As regards the expenditure on buildings, the emphasis was once again on major maintenance, but

part of the expenditure was also on things that heighten people ’s experience of the exhibition and conference complex. Owing to past construction plans, which were ultimately abandoned, fewer events were planned for 2003 and 2004 and the level of empty space was therefore higher than needed.In view of the exhibition calendar, expectations are to achieve a better result this year from the exhibitions and trade fairs organised by Amsterdam RAI itself. The Aquatec project group organises international water technology and water

management trade events in the Netherlands, Brazil and Asia. The main event is Aquatech Amsterdam. It attracts some 25,000 highly qualified visitors from the international water industry. Range of Products The following products are available at the Aquatech trade events: • Potable water treatment • Industrial effluent treatment • Waste water treatment • Sewerage, transport,

distribution and storage • Process control technology

and process automation • Research and consultancy • Utilities

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CANAL DE ISABEL II

Canal de Isabel II Santa Engracia, 125 28003 Madrid Spain Phone: +34 914 451 000 Fax: +34 914 479 393 Email: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.cyii.es/

Description Canal de Isabel II is a Public Sector Company depending on the Government of the autonomous region of Madrid. It tackles the comprehensive water cycle management throughout the region. It deals with all the processes intending to provide an appropriate management of water resources. Quality and Environment Loyal to its commitment to the customer, Canal de Isabel II has a certified Quality Management System according to the international UNE-EN ISO 9002 regulation. This guarantees both product and service quality to its customers. Likewise, in order to ensure the quality of its water supply to the population living within the autonomous region of Madrid, the company got another important certification. In July, 2001, it was awarded the water analysis laboratories certificate based on the EN-45001. Earlier, in December 2000, the company adopted the new EN-17025 regulation. On the other hand, Canal de Isabel has meant to extend its commitment to the whole society, by establishing an Environmental Management System certificated according to the UNE-EN-ISO 14001. This System, sanctioned by the company in July, 2002, serves environment protection reflected in all decisions made by the company; viz: to control and reduce its impact; to guarantee the fulfilment of the suggested environmental policy and to prove it in front of third parties.

Canal de Isabel II has a Quality Management System certified according to the UNE-EN-ISO 9002:1994 regulation. Environmental Quality Management Canal de Isabel II has an Environmental Quality System certified according to the UNE-EN ISO 14001 regulation. This certification of this System by an external body represents a guarantee for the people of Madrid about the behaviour of this company towards the environment. Besides, it provides an instrument to take even more care over environmental issues in their service. The reason for this is, that the managed resource, namely water, has an intrinsic environmental relevance. Water Quality In order to guarantee the quality of water, Canal de Isabel II has established a strict surveillance program from the very origin of water supply to its arrival at the customer. This program is designed in such a way that it surpasses the standard of the laws currently in force for water for public use, both in Europe and Spain. The analyses for this program are carried out by the Canal technicians at a main laboratory in Madrid and eight peripheral ones located in Valmayor, La Jarosa, Navacerrada, Torrelaguna, Pinilla, Móstoles, San Fernando de Henares and La Poveda. These analyses are complemented by a real time vigilance station network.

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EMEX EURO GROUP AG

EMEX EURO AG Finkenweg 6 D-53604 Bad Honnef Germany Telephone: +49 (0)2224 - 989410 Fax: +49 (0)2224 – 989401 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.emexeuro.com EMEX EURO LTD./PLC. UK Beechfield House 38 West Bar Banbury, OX16 9RX, UK EMEX EURO AMERICA INC., USA 25 Greystone Manor Lewes, DE 19958 USA EMEX EURO ASIA/ PACIFIC LTD./PLC, ASIEN 2725 Salisbury Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR

Description The following is an overview of the products of the EMEX EURO GROUP:

• Gravel-filter units

• Biologic water reclamation units

• Ozone-filter plants/units; flotation plants/units for emulsion decomposition

• Batch decomposition plants/units for emulsion decomposition

• Micro-filtration plants; ultra-filtration plants

• Reverse osmosis plants; water softener plants

• UV-sterilisation plants/units; ozone activation plants/units

• compression increasing plants/units; weighing-hopper plants/units

• rainwater utilisation plants/units; sludge holding plants/units

• sludge drying plants/units; neutralization plants/units; mobile and built-in drinking water purification/treatment units; mobile and built-in waste-water purification/ treatment units

• small water clarification/purification/ treatment units; mobile and built-in water clarification/ purification/treatment plants

• Water filters; magnet filters; magnet rods; magnet bars; magnet grid; magnet drum , drum separators; magnet bullets; over band magnets; suspension magnets; eddy current separators; high speed doors for storage and cold storage houses

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EMSCHERGENOSSENSCHAFT AND LIPPEVERBAND

Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband Kronprinzenstr. 24 45128 Essen Germany Phone: +49 (0)201/104-0 Fax: +49 (0)201/104-2277 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.emschergenossenschaft.de www.lippeverband.de

Description The Emschergenossenschaft and Lipperverband is a water company for the catchment area of the Emscher River and the Lippe River and its tributaries. Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband is the largest Association for the disposal of wastewater in Germany. Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband is a non-profit company in the form of a self-managed corporation under public law, controlled by its members. Range of Products • Regulation of the water

drainage and compensation of the water flow

• Flood protection • Wastewater purification

• Maintenance of the bodies of water and natural landscaping of improved water courses

• Regulation of the groundwater level

The Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband plans, constructs and operates wastewater treatment plants, pumping stations, dikes, sewers and rain reservoirs and maintains the bodies of water in its catchment area. The Association co-ordinates planning closely with its members. River Basin Management as required by the EU Water Framework Directive has already been implemented on the Emscher and the Lippe river.

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GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FÖRDERUNG DER

ABWASSERTECHNIK E. V. (GFA)

(Organisation for the Advancement of Wastewater Technology)

Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Abwassertechnik e. V. (GFA) (Organisation for the Advancement of Wastewater Technology) Theodor-Heuss-Allee 17, 53773 Hennef, Germany Phone ++49 22 42 872-0 Fax ++49 22 42 872-151 E-mail: [email protected] Homepage: www.gfa-ka.de,

www.dwa.de

Description GFA is a service company of the German Association for Water Management, Wastewater and Waste (DWA). It publishes the professional journals of DWA: monthly KA – Abwasser, Abfall (KA – Wastewater, Waste) and every three months KA-Betriebs-Info (KA – Info for Operators) and cooperates on behalf of DWA with publishers of other journals on water management in general. In addition, GFA publishes the DWA – Industry Guide (DWA-Branchen-führer), a directory of addresses of companies in the environmental industries, focussing on water and waste. GFA cooperates, on behalf of DWA, with important trade exhibitions concerning water and waste.

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KOCKS CONSULT GMBH

Kocks Consult GmbH Stegemannstr. 32-38 D-56068 Koblenz, Germany Phone: +49 261-1302 -0 Fax: +49 261- 1302-152 Email: [email protected] Homepage : www.kocks-ing.de

Description Kocks Consult GmbH is an independent firm of planners and consultants founded in 1946 by Friedrich Kocks, Dr. Ing., Dr. Ing.h.c. The firm employs 190 engineers, architects, planners and environmental experts, collaborating to offer clients a wide range of services. Fields of expertise The range of services offered by Kocks Consult GmbH include studies and surveys, ecological, economic and engineering expertise, cost and quantity calculations as well as feasibility studies, preliminary and final design. After successful conclusion of the actual planning work, the Kocks team draws up the necessary tender documents, carries out bid evaluations and supervises construction work and equipment installation. Kocks Consult GmbH can if required, also take over the entire project management including the financial transactions involved. We can offer technical consultancy work during commissioning and train the client’s staff to carry out operation and maintenance. In more than 55 years of successful work, Kocks Consult GmbH’s engineers have gathered a wealth of experience in the following areas: • Transportation and traffic

planning • Environmental assets • Structural engineering

• Industrial engineering • Civil engineering • Technical training and

technology transfer • Water management • Waste management Kocks Consult’s foreign activities began in the early fifties with work on a project in Luxembourg. Now we have a number of projects world wide, spread over Europe, Africa, Near and Middle East, Asia, Central and South America. Kocks Consult GmbH has its head office in Koblenz with registered offices in Frankfurt/Rhine-Main and in Cologne Area. Intraplan Consult GmbH (ITP), Umwelt Technik Saarbrücken (UTS), Vologda Kocks Consult and IK Consulting Engineers are its affiliated companies. Though professional capability is linked to financial interest, Kocks Consult’s engineers assure the client of utmost accuracy in project execution. Other Memberships: VUBI – Association of Independent Consulting Engineering Firms VSVI – Association of Road Construction and Traffic Engineers ATV – Abwassertechnische Vereinigung VDEI – Verband deutscher Eisenbahningenieure Chamber of Consulting Engineers in Rhineland-Palatinate

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MESSE MÜNCHEN GMBH

Messe München GmbH Messegelände 81823 München Phone: +49 (0)89 949 0 20720 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.messe-muenchen.de

Description Messe München is one of the world's leading trade fair companies. The programme of events with some 40 trade fairs and exhibitions includes international trade fairs that focus on capital goods, new technologies, high-quality consumer goods and the crafts. In addition around 280 guest events and more than 130 congresses and conferences are held in Munich each year. From April 25th – 29th, IFAT 2005, the 14th International Trade Fair for Water, Sewage Waste Disposal and Recycling in Munich will focus on sector-specific solutions and state-of-the-art technology for implementing practical and efficient solutions as well as a wide range of first rate services in the water, sewage and waste-disposal sectors. Range of Products of IFAT Water and sewage: Water extraction, Water and sewage treatment, Mechanical-physical processes, Chemical-physical processes, Biochemical processes, Treatment of sludge and residues, Water pipes and drains, Pipes, manholes, Pipe laying and repair, Sewer inspection, cleaning, maintenance, Pumps and lifting tackle, Outlets and fittings. Refuse disposal and recycling: Refuse collection and transport, Containers, Vehicles and superstructures, Transfer equipment and plant, Refuse treatment and recycling,

Mechanical-biological treatment, Thermal utilization, Composting/fermentation, Tipping, Recycling and reuse of materials , Waste disposal services , Safety at work. Public cleansing and winter road services: Street cleansing and services, Winter road services. Decontamination of old sites: Registration, assessment, monitoring, Decontamination. Measurement, control and laboratory technology: Laboratory equipment, Measuring equipment, Analysis equipment, Control equipment, Process control for water, sewage, refuse and air. Flue-gas scrubbing and air extraction Services: Disposal services, Water supply and sewage disposal, Consultancy, environmental management, eco-auditing, Financing, Computer hardware and software, Analysis laboratories. Education and research: Associations and institutions, Research institutes, Specialist publishers, trade literatur, Training and education Work in the EWA IFAT promotes the integration of the various fields of operation, allowing visitors and exhibitors alike to gain an up-to-date view of what is happening on the international market. The IFAT

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advisory board is made up of representatives from the exhibitors, the most important German and international associations and institutions like EWA, European Water Association, and Messe München. The fair provides a meeting location for qualified exhibitors and interested visitors to

share knowledge and engage in a lively exchange of experiences, supported by a programme of national and international trade conferences and symposia. Important event in the congress programme is the 13th European Symposium on Solid and Liquid Waters

presenting new methods in the water, wastewater and refuse management industries. Further information: www.ifat.de

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NETHERLANDS WATER PARTNERSHIP

Netherlands Water Partnership P.O.Box 3015 2601 DA DELFT Phone: +31 (0)15 2151728 Fax: +31 (0)15 2151759 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.nwp.nl

Description The Netherlands Water Partnership (NWP) is an independent body set up jointly by the Dutch private and public sector to act as a national coordination and information point in relation to water activities overseas. The main aims of the NWP are to harmonize the activities and initiatives of the Dutch water sector overseas and to undertake worldwide promotion of Dutch expertise related to water. The organization is a focal point for the exchange of information related to activities and services of government bodies, knowledge and research institutes and businesses involved in the water sector. International Partner The purpose of this joint initiative is to strive for full exploitation of existing Dutch capacity in the water sector. The NWP provides a single means of access to the entire range of products and services offered by the Dutch water sector.

The Netherlands has vast experience in water management issues, conflicts and projects worldwide, acquired over its many years of international involvement in the field. The NWP provides a collective means of further strengthening this established global reputation. The NWP is the 'national' discussion partner for bodies like the World Water Council (WWC) and the Global Water Partnership (GWP). Independent Non-Profit Organization The NWP is an independent non-profit organization. Its board includes representatives of the public sector (central, provincial and municipal governments; knowledge and research institutes; water boards and non-governmental organizations); and the private sector, including water supply companies, consultancy firms, contractors, manufacturing industry and the banking sector.

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PAINEHUUHTELU OY PTV

Painehuuhtelu Oy PTV Mr. Sakari Kuikka Managing Director Alhonniituntie 6 FIN-01900 Nurmijärvi, Finland phone +358 9 290 2230 telefax + 358 9 290 223 33 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.painehuuhteluptv.fi

Description Painehuuhtelu Oy PTV is an expertise company with a keen focus on survey and maintenance of urban and industrial water supply and sewerage systems. The company applies state-of-the-art methods matched with local, national needs in Europe, the Baltic States, Russian Federation, Ukraine etc. The expertise and know-how are built on long-term R & D work, qualified staff and a long project experience in different domestic and international work sites. Painehuuhtelu Oy PTV is a privately owned Finnish company active in condition assessment and evaluation of water and waste water networks and maintenance of these assets with different methods according to the requirements of the work site. Besides the Finnish market the main markets are the Russian Federation and the Baltic States where the company has worked in several different multi – or bilaterally financed water and sanitation projects since the beginning of 1990´s (the World Bank, EBRD, PHARE, Tacis, Finnish Ministry of Environment, local budgetary financing). Painehuuhtelu employs a professional staff of 20 people. The annual net sales is EUR 2,5 million. International activities Painehuuhtelu Oy PTV takes an active role in international markets. The company has

been working in Russian Federation and the Baltic States since beginning of 1990´s in locally financed projects as well as contracts financed by the World Bank, EBRD, European Commission, Ministry of Environment etc. Today, through the activities of DigiSewer™, Painehuuhtelu Oy PTV also has international operations in Europe, Japan and North America. Painehuuhtelu is also active in R & D projects with international partnerships. One of the most significant projects is the next generation digital condition evaluation of pipeline systems called “Sewer Scanner and Evaluation Technology”. This system provides most accurate data of the condition of the pipeline. There is an automatic interpretation system to determine the defects, damages etc (no human eye evaluation) and the reporting is made in digital form immediately at the work site and transferred instantly e.g. to the waterworks emergency call office. Also the data from surveys from different times from the same work site are comparable and the changes can be measured. Memberships Painehuuhtelu Oy PTV is a member of the main international and national organizations in water sector.

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R. SPÄNE GMBH PRODUKTION

Contact information Schafmatt 5 D – 79618 Rheinfelden Phone: +49 (0) 7623/7224-0 Fax: +49 (0) 7623/7224-88 E-mail: [email protected] Homepage: www.carela.com

Description For more than 30 years the R.Späne GmbH has been manufacturing and promoting cleaning and disinfection agents for potable water installations, for the disinfection of pipelines and rehabilitation of boreholes, wells and filters. In 1998 we introduced new products and service for the in-situ cleaning and rehabilitation of industrial water systems, such as cooling circuits, heat exchangers, pipe networks etc. Our products are distributed under the brand name CARELA® and exported to all continents. A worldwide network of experts assists our customers in all applications of our patented products. Our customers are water supply companies, well rehabilitation companies, municipalities, hospitals, schools etc., as well as industrial companies. CARELA® offers a complete range of products and services, including consulting and solutions to individual problems. CARELA® service works carried out by our local partners are the choice of those amongst our customers who prefer a

turnkey service in the field of cleaning and disinfection. Range of Products CARELA® Potable Water Range: Cleaning and disinfecting potable water installations, such as water storage tanks, boreholes, wells, filter installations, pipelines etc. in one working cycle. Removing iron, lime, manganese, ocherous and sintered deposits as well as biofilms from all kinds of surfaces. CARELA® Industrial Range: Wherever lime, corrosion products and other deposits give your pipelines, heat exchangers, cooling circuits and other systems a hard time, CARELA® products provide for clean surfaces. CARELA® Equipment: Application equipment, such as low pressure spray units, dosing and circulation pumps and accessories, completes the range of CARELA® products. Work in the EWA Corporate Member of the EWA

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SANEST –

SANEAMENTO DA COSTA DO ESTORIL, S. A.

Contact information Rua Flor da Murta, 2770-064 Paço de Arcos, Portugal Phone: +351-21-446 21 00 Fax: +351-21-446 22 70 E-mail: [email protected] Homepage: www.sanest.pt

Description SANEST is a private company whose capital is shared by Águas de Portugal, sgps (a governmental holding) and four municipalities near Lisbon (Amadora, Cascais, Oeiras and Sintra).

Range of Products SANEST is the operator company responsible for the wastewater collection, treatment and disposal in the ocean by a long sea outfall of an agglomeration of about 720 thousand p.e. in the neighbourhood of Lisbon. Work in the EWA Corporate Member

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TUTTAHS & MEYER

INGENIEURGESELLSCHAFT MBH

Tuttahs & Meyer Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH Bismarckstrasse 2-8, D-52066 Aachen, Germany Phone: +49 / (0)241 / 50 00 05 Fax: +49 / (0)241 / 53 54 88 Homepage: www.tuttahs-meyer.de Email: [email protected]

Description TUTTAHS & MEYER Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH provides Engineering and Consulting Services for the entire Water Management Cycle, from planning, design and construction supervision to site management and operation. Our customers are associations, municipalities, water works, public authorities as well as local and international enterprises. The elaboration of comprehensive research and development measures and the participation in various professional groups are the basis for TUTTAHS & MEYER’s implementation of innovative, future oriented solutions. Since our establishment in 1948, the company developed into an efficient, internationally operating consulting firm with 75 highly qualified employees. Fields of Expertise 1. Surface and Underground

Water Management With the introduction of the new European Union Water Framework Directive, the importance of careful management and the need for a long-term strategy, with focus on the amelioration of surface water conditions, becomes apparent. With their implementation of this directive, TUTTAHS & MEYER support their clients with traditional and innovative engineering concepts and services.

2. Water Supply TUTTAHS & MEYER, Consulting Engineers, began their activities in the field of water management during the post-war period. Our scope of expertise ranges from initial conception works to complex re-investment projects for major German water works and also includes the reconstruction and rehabilitation of water supply networks abroad. We offer the highest professional standards in design and implementation as well as economically feasible solutions in all of our projects.

3. Wastewater Engineering

As a specialised engineering firm for waste management in the water sector, we develop and perform tailor-made concepts for the treatment and discharge of both storm- and wastewater. TUTTAHS & MEYER‘s team of engineers has a substantial level of expertise, which covers the entire wastewater cycle enabling the development of optimised solutions for discharge, treatment and purification.

4. Natural Resources

Management TUTTAHS & MEYER develop solutions specifically for the energy sector, which not only prove to be technically and economically feasible but

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also ecologically sustainable. In close co-operation with European Universities and Research Institutes, TUTTAHS & MEYER undertake the management of ecological R&D initiatives in the water sector, which are funded by the German Government and the European Union.

5. Consulting Services As an independent and experienced firm of Consultant Engineers, TUTTAHS & MEYER is in the position to offer a wide range of consultancy services, covering the entire technical and economical environment of international projects and programmes. We design, implement and monitor projects related to urban and rural water supply, water management, wastewater treatment, waste management and the energy sector.

Work in the EWA As Corporate Member of the EWA our Managing Director Dr. Markus Schroeder is member of the Task Group Central and Eastern European Countries.

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UNIE VAN WATERSCHAPPEN - ASSOCIATION OF WATER BOARDS

Contact information Rob Uijterlinde Koningskade 40 2596 AA Den Haag or PO Box 93218 2509 AE Den Haag Phone: +31 70 3519751 Fax: +31 70 3544642 E-mail: [email protected] Homepage: www.uvw.nl

Description Water Boards in the Netherlands The Netherlands: 34,000 square kilometres where land meets water. A substantial part is created by man. Without dunes and water barriers, more than half of the Netherlands would be under water. The many dykes, locks, pumping stations, flood barriers, canals and ditches keep the Netherlands habitable. Local and regional water management in the Netherlands is in the hands of water boards. Water boards are decentralised public authorities with legal tasks and a self-supporting financial system. Water boards are responsible for flood control, water quantity, water quality and treatment of urban wastewater. Operational task include the management of pumping stations, waste water treatment plants, maintenance of waterways and flood defence structures. Water boards are embedded in the general democratic structures. In 1950 there were about 2.500 Water Boards. Mergers soon reduced this number. Since 1 January 2005 exist 26 water boards. Approximately 9,000 people work at the Water Boards. Unie van Waterschappen The Dutch water boards are united in the Association of Water Boards (Unie van Waterschappen) which takes care of the interests of the water boards at national and international level. On behalf of the water boards the Association is spokesperson to the parliament, public

authorities and other organisations. The Association is a partner in issues of strategic water management and legislation. Together with the water boards, the Association looks for solutions to common problems. International policy The Association is member of European organisations, like EWA, EUREAU and EUWMA. EUREAU is the European Union of drinking water and waste-water treatment organisations. The EUWMA unites the regional and local Water Management Authorities in Europe. The international policy of the Unie van Waterschappen is mainly directed to the European Union, transboundary river basins and to partner organisations abroad. In international cooperation projects, focus is merely put on institutional development. The Association supports individual water boards in international activities and serves as a window for external institutions. Range of Products • Success factors in Self

financing local water management

• Water governance – the Dutch water board model

Both booklets can be ordered at the Unie van Waterschappen, or downloaded from our website. Work in the EWA The role of the Unie van Waterschappen in EWA is rather passive at the moment.

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WUPPERVERBAND

Wupperverband Dr.-Ing. Volker Erbe Bereich T2 – Wasserwirtschaft/Abwasser Untere Lichtenplatzer Straße 100, D-42289 Wuppertal phone: +49 202 583 285 fax: +49 202 583 282 Email: [email protected];

[email protected] Homepage: www.wupperverband.de

Description The Wupperverband is a corporation under public law, managing an area of jurisdiction of 813 km² with a population of about 975,000. The corporation is responsible for run-off control, management and conservation of water bodies, water supply as well as sewage disposal and sludge treatment by means of most modern plants in the catchment area of the river Wupper. The long-standing co-operation with municipal and industrial dischargers ensures a high competence in rehabilitation and modernisation of existing and construction of new water treatment and handling facilities. Wupperverband's about 350 employees personify comprehensive experience in engineering, construction and operation. The Wupper River Association is responsible for the water and wastewater management in the Wupper catchment area, including flood protection, low water augmentation, wastewater treatment, river engineering, and reservoir building/reservoir management.

Range of Products • Design, building and

operation of wastewater treatment plants

• Design, building and operation of sewers and storm water tanks

• Design, building and operation of reservoirs

• River engineering/river rehabilitation

• Water quality monitoring • Water and wastewater

management • Research and development • GIS (ARC-IMS) • Advisory service for

industrial and municipal institutions

The Wupperverband attaches great importance to use of state-of-the-art and cost-effective technologies for sewage and sludge treatment, also in the interest of environmental protection. To further develop the required know-how, the Wupperverband is actively involved in technical committees and working groups of several trade associations (e.g. ATV, DVGW, EWA, IWA). In the field of research and development, the association has successfully co-operated with municipal waste water institutes of several universities over a period of several years. The technical competence of Wupperverband is confirmed by numerous presentations and publications both on a national and international scale.

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DID YOU KNOW ... ? Industrial water use

Water withdrawals for industry - World: 22% of total water use. - High-income countries: 59% of

total water use. - Low-income countries: 8% of

total water use.

The annual water volume used by industry will rise from 752 km3/year in 1995 to an estimated 1,170 km3/year in 2025.

In 2025, the industrial component is expected to represent about 24% of total freshwater withdrawal. Water pollutants from industry

Some 300-500 million tons of heavy metals, solvents, toxic sludge, and other wastes accumulate each year from industry.

Industries based on organic raw materials are the most significant contributors to the organic pollutant load with the food sector being the most important polluter.

Contribution of the food sector to the production of organic water pollutant: - High income countries: 40% - Low-income countries: 54%

More than 80% of the world's hazardous waste is produced in the United States and other industrial countries.

In developing countries, 70% of industrial wastes are dumped untreated into waters where they pollute the usable water supply. Most of this information is based on figures provided by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).

Urban population

The average size of the world's 100 largest cities grew from around 0.2 million in 1800 to 0.7 million in 1900 to 6.2 million in 2000.

Sixteen cities became 'mega-cities' (10 or more million inhabitants) in 2000, comprising 4% of the population.

Proportion of the population living in urban settlements: - World: 38% in 1975 47% in 2000 54% in 2015 60% in 2030 (almost 5 billion

people) - More developed regions: 70% in 1975 75.5% in 2000 78.5% in 2015 - Less developed regions: 27% in 1975 40.5% in 2000 48.5% in 2015 Urban water supply and sanitation

Proportion of households in major cities connected to piped water (house or yard connection): - World: 94% - Africa: 43% - Asia: 77% - Europe: 92% - Latin America and the

Caribbean: 77% - North America: 100% - Oceania: 73% -

Proportion of households in major cities connected to sewers: - World: 86% - Africa: 18% - Asia: 45% - Europe: 92% - Latin America & the Caribbean:

35% - North America: 96% - Oceania: 15%

Urban child mortality

In the urban areas of low-income countries, 1 child in 6 dies before the age of five.

In areas poorly served with water and sanitation, the child mortality rate is multiplied by 10 or 20 compared to areas with adequate water and sanitation services. The world 10 largest cities: Tokyo (Japan) Mexico City (Mexico) Sao Paulo (Brazil) New York (United States) Bombay (India) Los Angeles (United States) Calcutta (India) Shanghai (China) Dhaka (Bangladesh) Dehli (India) Most of this information is based on figures provided by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat).

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DID YOU KNOW ... ? Main threats to ecosystems from human activities

Population and consumption growth.

Infrastructure development (dams, urban growth, highways).

Land conversion (deforestation, agriculture, urban growth).

Overharvesting and overexploitation (overfishing, wasteful irrigation).

Release of pollutants (human waste, agricultural and industrial chemicals).

Introduction of exotic species (replacing and overwhelming indigenous species) River pollution

Every day, 2 million tons of human waste are disposed of in water courses.

40% of water bodies assessed in 1998 in the United States were not deemed fit for World distribution of hydropower recreational use due to nutrient, metal and agricultural pollution.

5 out of 55 rivers in Europe are considered pristine, and only the upper sections of the 14 largest rivers retain 'good ecological status'.

In Asia, all rivers running through cities are badly polluted.

Impacts of waterways diversion and fragmentation

60% of the world's 227 largest rivers are severely fragmented by dams, diversions and canals, leading to the degradation of ecosystems.

In 1998, the Aral Sea had lost 75% of its total volume. Its demise was caused primarily by the diversion of the inflowing Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers Access to energy and basic needs - Some 2 billion people have

no access to electricity at all.

- Some 1 billion people use electricity from uneconomic sources.

- Some 2.5 billion people in developing countries, mainly in rural areas, have little access to commercial energy services.

- More than 2 million children died from acute respiratory disease in 2000; 60% of these deaths were associated with indoor air pollution and other environmental factors.

Biomass fuels and coal 3 billion people worldwide rely on biomass fuels and coal for cooking and heating. - Biomass accounts for 80%

of all household consumption in developing countries.

- 800 million people depend on biomass as their source of fuel.

Distribution of energy in rural areas

- 85% of energy used by households (cooking and heating)

- to 8% of energy used for agriculture (to power mechanical equipment and irrigation pump-sets)

- to 10% of commercial energy (electricity and kerosene) used for lighting.

World distribution of hydropower - Hydropower is the most

important and widely-used renewable source of energy.

- Hydropower represents 19% of total electricity production.

- Canada is the largest producer of hydroelectricity, followed by the United States and Brazil.

- Approximately two-thirds of the economically feasible potential remains to be developed. Untapped hydro resources are still abundant in Latin America, Central Africa, India and China.

Almost all information compiled on the Did you know…? pages have been reproduced from the UN site: www.unesco.org/water/wwap/ facts_figures/index.shtml WWDR credit: UN/WWAP (United Nations/World Water Assessment Programme). 2003. UN World Water Development Report: Water for People, Water for Life. Paris, New York and Oxford, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) and Berghahn Books.

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Yearbook 2005 Consumo Na Europa

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