Year 6 Geography Revision Notes

Mapping Symbols

http://geographyfieldwork.com/MapSymbolsGeneral.htm

16 point compass

Four figure grid referencesLet’s find grid square 21 31

To read a 4 figure grid reference go along to the line number of the first 2 numbers and then go up to the line with the second 2 numbers.

In order to give something a six-figure grid reference, imagine the larger square split into one hundred smaller squares.

26

25

77 78

Then add numbers 1 to 10 between the main lines.

To work out the six-figure grid reference, first go along the bottom line and calculate the first three figures.

26

25

77 78

1

3

2

5

4

7

6

9

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

773

253

So, the six-figure grid

reference for the church

is .....

773253

Next, work out the last three figures by going up the side of the square.

Try to remember this phrase:‘Go along the corridor,

then up the stairs’.

Can’t remember which lines to use first?

c. R. Langley

Step 2Repeat this process until you reachyour destination.Step 3You should be left with a series ofmarks along the edge of your paper.You can now place the sheet againstthe scale bar on your map.The last mark you made will tell youthe real distance you need to travel.

On the paper's edgeOne method of measuring distance is to take a sheet of paper and placethe corner of a straight edge on your starting point. Now pivot the paper untilthe edge follows the route that you want to take.Step 1Every time the route disappears ormoves away from the straight edge ofyour paper, make a small mark on theedge and pivot the paper so the edgeis back on course.

Measuring distance on a map

Contour Patterns

Contour lines are used to show height on a map. The closer the contours are together, the steeper the slope. The further apart they are the gentler the slope. By looking at contour patterns, we are able to work out the landscape

MOUNTAIN RANGES

A CLIFF OR WATERFALL

A FLAT-TOPPED MOUNTAIN

Britain’s Climate• Temperatures are higher in summer

than in winter• Temperature are warmer in the south

and colder further north.• In winter, temperatures tend to be warmer in the west

and cooler in the east• Britain’s climate is a maritime climate ie it is affected by

the sea.• The North Atlantic Drift is a warm ocean current, which

raises the temperatures in the west, in the winter.

Weather & Climate

• Different parts of the UK experience slightly different regional climates.

• Northwest - cool summers, mild winters, heavy rain all year • Northeast - cool summers, cool winters, steady rain all year • Southeast - warm summers, mild winters, light rain all year,

especially summer • Southwest - warm summers, mild winters, heavy rain all year,

especially winter

WEATHER SYMBOLS

Clear sky

Sunny

Partly cloudy

Sunny intervals

Clear and BrightBlack, low level cloud

DrizzleLight rain (day and night

Light rain shower

Heavy rain

Temperature Thundery shower

Heavy snow shower Hail

Types of Rainfall

Stage 1.Warm wet air is forced to riseover high land. Stage 2.As the air rises it cools andcondenses. Clouds form and precipitation occurs. Stage 3.The drier air descends andwarms. Stage 4.Any moisture in the air (e.g. cloud) evaporates.

Stage 1.An area of warm air meets and area of cold air. Stage 2.The warm air is forced over the cold air Stage 3.Where the air meets the warm air is cooled and water vapour condenses. Stage 4.Clouds form and precipitation occurs

Stage 1.The sun heats the ground andwarm air rises.Stage 2.As the air rises it cools andcondenses to form clouds. Stage 3.Large cumulonimbusclouds are formed. Stage 4. Heavy rain storms occur. Theseusually include thunder andlightening

MICROCLIMATES - CLIMATE CONDITIONS IN A

SMALL AREA which are different to the

surrounding area

BUILDINGS

SURFACE

SHELTER

ASPECT

PHYSICAL FEATURES

BUILDINGS• Man made surfaces absorb heat (tar, concrete, bricks)•Natural surfaces like grass are cooler

• Buildings, Fences, hedges, trees can all provide shelter from the wind, making the it slightly warmer

• The direction of an object in relation to the sun•Directly facing the sun makes it hotter, in shadow makes it colder

• Mountains = colder temperatures because of the altitude•Water features lower temperatures

• Absorb heat & Reflect sunlight •Provide shelter form the wind•Can create shadows which lowers the temp.

Coastal erosionErosion works in four ways:

• Hydraulic action - this results from the force of the water hitting the cliffs. Air, trapped in cracks, is compressed under high pressure, which breaks the rocks apart.

• Corrasion - this is caused by the waves picking up stones and hurling them at the cliffs.

• Corrosion [solution] - the dissolving of rocks by sea water. (Chalk and limestone)• Attrition - any material carried by the waves will become rounder and smaller over

time.

Headlands and bays

The shape of a coastline is often determined by its geology.(the rocks which make up the coastline)

Some coastlines are very dramatic, with tall, vertical cliffs whilst others are straight for miles and miles whilst others are indented with many headlands and bays.

When there are different rock-types along the coast, they may vary in their resistance to erosion. Some rock is harder and erodes more slowly forming headlands. Other rock is softer and erodes more easily forming bays .

                                                                  

         

Coastal features

Groynes Sediment builds updue to Longshore Drift

Waves approach beach at an angle

Longshore Drift

If the wind blows so that waves come in at a sharp angle to the coast, the swash carries the pebbles at an angle up the beach. When the backwash moves by gravity back down the beach, the pebbles end up at a different position. This process is repeated and pebbles gradually shift along the beach, a process called longshore drift.

Formation of a Spit