Year 12 Physical Education

PHYSIOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF REQUIREMENTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITYPHYSICAL ACTIVITY

FoodsFoods

Fuel andFuel and

Energy SystemsEnergy Systems

AREA OF STUDY 2

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW AT THE END OF CHPT 4:

The Conversion of food to energy

Food fuels at rest and during exercise

The Glycemic Index

Energy for Muscular Contraction

The Aerobic and Anaerobic energy systems

The contribution of energy systems to various activities

The Energy System Interplay

Where does this energy come from?

A Maria Sharapova serve takes 1-2 A Maria Sharapova serve takes 1-2 seconds to perform. It’s fast & explosive. seconds to perform. It’s fast & explosive. She might do this hundreds of time over She might do this hundreds of time over a game. Plus she has to run fwd, bkwd a game. Plus she has to run fwd, bkwd and sideways for 1-2 hours. Her Muscles and sideways for 1-2 hours. Her Muscles requires ENERGY to do this. requires ENERGY to do this.

In the Tour De France, Alexander In the Tour De France, Alexander Vinokourov rides 220km a dayVinokourov rides 220km a day

Like Sharapova’s serve, Vino’s Like Sharapova’s serve, Vino’s muscles require energy to ride for muscles require energy to ride for this amount of time. And then do this amount of time. And then do it again tomorrow, and the next it again tomorrow, and the next day…etc…day…etc…

It takes 6 + hours, it’s It takes 6 + hours, it’s slower & less intense.slower & less intense.

Where does this energy come from?

Food Fuels our BodyFood Fuels our Body

1. CARBOHYDRATES 1. CARBOHYDRATES (Glycogen)(Glycogen)

2. PROTEIN2. PROTEIN

3. FATS3. FATS

CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES

CerealsCereals

BreadsBreads

PastasPastas

RiceRice

SugarSugar

Carbohydrates are stored as Glycogen in Muscle & LiverCarbohydrates are stored as Glycogen in Muscle & Liver

CHO is the body’s preferred fuel during Exercise CHO is the body’s preferred fuel during Exercise – breaks down easily, uses little oxygen– breaks down easily, uses little oxygen

Fruit/Veges

PROTEINPROTEINRed MeatRed Meat

EggsEggs

Dairy Dairy productsproducts

FishFish

PoultryPoultry

Protein is stored as MUSCLE and AMINO ACIDS around the body.Protein is stored as MUSCLE and AMINO ACIDS around the body.

GRAINSGRAINS

5-10% contribution to endurance events: 5-10% contribution to endurance events: Mainly used for growth/repairMainly used for growth/repair

FATSFATS

ButterButter

MargarineMargarineOilsOils

CheeseCheeseNutsNuts

Food that we ingest is stored and burnt to fuel Food that we ingest is stored and burnt to fuel our musclesour muscles

This food must be converted This food must be converted into a chemical compound into a chemical compound called called ATPATP

WithoutWithout ATPATP, , Muscles Muscles cannot contractcannot contract

ATP

Adeonsine Triphosphate

A P P P

The energy for muscle contraction is derived when one of the 3 phosphate bonds is broken

Every muscle contraction Ben Cousins performs must have ATP available to it…

ATP ADP + P + ENERGY

We end up with:

ATP is a very heavy compound, so we cannot ATP is a very heavy compound, so we cannot store much of it in our muscles. store much of it in our muscles.

Can only store about 1 SECOND Can only store about 1 SECOND worth in muscle (allows 1 or 2 worth in muscle (allows 1 or 2 contractions to occur – eg Start contractions to occur – eg Start of 100m or a Netball shot)of 100m or a Netball shot)

For further contraction For further contraction to occur ATP must be to occur ATP must be REMADE or producedREMADE or produced

ATP ADP + P + ENERGY

How is ATP remade?How is ATP remade?

The Body uses THREE DIFFERENT The Body uses THREE DIFFERENT ENEGRY SYSTEMS to do this.ENEGRY SYSTEMS to do this.

For activity lasting:For activity lasting: 0-10 SEC0-10 SEC ATP-PC ATP-PC SYSTEMSYSTEM

10-30/40 SEC10-30/40 SEC

LACTIC LACTIC ACID ACID SYSTEMSYSTEM

30 + SEC- 2MINS30 + SEC- 2MINS

AEROBIC AEROBIC SYSTEMSYSTEM

ATP-PC & LACTIC ACID ATP-PC & LACTIC ACID SYSTEM ARE BOTH SYSTEM ARE BOTH CLASSIFIED AS ‘ANAEROBIC’ CLASSIFIED AS ‘ANAEROBIC’ ENERGY SYSTEMENERGY SYSTEM

This means that This means that the muscles the muscles dodo not not need OXYGENneed OXYGEN to to produce ATP produce ATP Energy. They use Energy. They use STORED ENERGY.STORED ENERGY.

The AEROBIC system takes ‘Time’ to become involved. It cannot provide Oxygen quick enough for short, fast activities.

ATP-PC ATP-PC SYSTEMSYSTEM

Uses stores of CP (Creatine Phosphate) to REMAKE ATP

Only have 10 Only have 10 seconds of CP seconds of CP in musclesin muscles

CP instantly CP instantly available, but available, but runs out runs out quicklyquickly

Used for high Used for high intensity intensity Jumps, Throws, Jumps, Throws, SprintsSprints

If activity lasts longer than 10 sec, ATP must be If activity lasts longer than 10 sec, ATP must be REMADE by some other means…..REMADE by some other means…..

LACTIC ACID SYSTEMLACTIC ACID SYSTEM Body uses stored fuel of GLYCOGEN to REMAKE ATP

Downside – by-product called Lactate. Hydrogen Ions also released which inhibit muscle contraction

Need Oxygen to Need Oxygen to do this properlydo this properly

Happens because of lack Happens because of lack of enough Oxygen to of enough Oxygen to break down Glycogenbreak down Glycogen

400m run, 800m at high intensity400m run, 800m at high intensity

About 2-3 About 2-3 hours of hours of glycogen glycogen stored in stored in body.body.

AEROBIC SYSTEMAEROBIC SYSTEMUsed in Used in longer, sub-longer, sub-max max activities. activities. Long run, Long run, swim, cycle.swim, cycle.

Plenty of Oxygen available to remake ATP . So no LA or H+ is accumulated

Oxygen supply Oxygen supply meets demandmeets demand

Will keep suppling ATP Will keep suppling ATP for as long as Fitness for as long as Fitness levels allowlevels allow

We use this We use this system at REST system at REST (Now!) – except we (Now!) – except we burn…burn…

FAT!!!!FAT!!!!

Like the LA Like the LA system, the system, the Aerobic uses Aerobic uses Glycogen to Glycogen to remake ATP.remake ATP.

During RESTDuring REST

Any rest, short Any rest, short OR Long, CP is OR Long, CP is being being replenished, replenished, so we can so we can ‘sprint’ again.‘sprint’ again.

BUT, need 3 BUT, need 3 minutes rest minutes rest to get all CP to get all CP back! back!

Any Lactate and Hydrogen Ions are Any Lactate and Hydrogen Ions are removed from muscles & blood stream removed from muscles & blood stream too.too.

Things to remember:Things to remember:

The 3 Energy The 3 Energy Systems are not like Systems are not like TRAFFIC LIGHTS. TRAFFIC LIGHTS. One does not switch One does not switch off and another goes off and another goes on.on.

All 3 turn on at All 3 turn on at once no matter once no matter what the what the activity. activity.

However, depending on intensity and duration of the activity, ONE system will contribute more than the other TWO.