Year 10 GCSE Year 10 GCSE

Body Systems.Body Systems.

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The Cardiovascular System or The Cardiovascular System or Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

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We will aim to learn to:We will aim to learn to:

1.1. Identify what the cardiovascular system is,Identify what the cardiovascular system is,

2.2. What makes up the CV systemWhat makes up the CV system

3.3. The different elements and functions of The different elements and functions of the CV system,the CV system,

4.4. And how they work during exercise. And how they work during exercise.

The Circulatory SystemThe Circulatory System

What is the Cardiovascular or circulatory system?What is the Cardiovascular or circulatory system?

It is the blood, which is pumped round the body by the It is the blood, which is pumped round the body by the heart, which flows along tubes called blood vessels. heart, which flows along tubes called blood vessels.

So what makes up the Circulatory system?So what makes up the Circulatory system? The HeartThe Heart The BloodThe Blood The Blood VesselsThe Blood Vessels

Functions of the CV systemFunctions of the CV system

The circulatory system The circulatory system has several functions has several functions these are:these are:

It is the body’s transport It is the body’s transport system. system.

1.1. Takes Takes O2O2 and and foodfood to to every cell in the body. every cell in the body.

2.2. Removes Removes CO2 CO2 and other and other waste products from waste products from every cell. every cell.

3.3. Carries Carries HormonesHormones to to different parts of the different parts of the body. body.

4.4. Maintains Maintains TemperatureTemperature and fluid levels in the and fluid levels in the body. body.

5.5. Prevents Prevents infectionsinfections from from invading organism and invading organism and germs. germs.

The circulatory systemThe circulatory system

Opposite is a simple Opposite is a simple plan of the plan of the Cardiovascular Cardiovascular system. It shows the system. It shows the heart and 4 main blood heart and 4 main blood vessels. vessels.

Can you identify what Can you identify what is what?is what?

The circulatory systemThe circulatory system

What do you notice What do you notice about the circulatory about the circulatory system?system?

The heart is divided The heart is divided into 2 parts. Each part into 2 parts. Each part is a pump, so the heart is a pump, so the heart is a double pump in a is a double pump in a double circulatory double circulatory systemsystem. .

The circulatory systemThe circulatory system

The The right sideright side of the heart of the heart pumps the blood (pumps the blood (de-de-oxygenatedoxygenated blood) to the blood) to the lungs to pick up oxygen. lungs to pick up oxygen.

The The left sideleft side of the heart of the heart pumps the pumps the oxygenatedoxygenated blood around the rest of blood around the rest of the body. the body.

The circulatory systemThe circulatory system

The heart has large The heart has large tubes to carry blood tubes to carry blood from the heart to lungs from the heart to lungs and body and vice and body and vice versa. versa.

These are called:These are called: Blood vesselsBlood vessels

How Blood is carried around How Blood is carried around your bodyyour body

Your heart pumps Your heart pumps blood at blood at HIGHHIGH pressure into your pressure into your body. body.

The blood carries The blood carries OXYGENOXYGEN to your to your cells and eventually cells and eventually back to your back to your HEARTHEART through various through various different sized blood different sized blood vessels. vessels.

These blood vessels These blood vessels also vary in function also vary in function and are divided into 3 and are divided into 3 types. types.

These 3 types are:These 3 types are: ArteriesArteries CapillariesCapillaries VeinsVeins

How is blood carried around How is blood carried around your bodyyour body

Every time your heart Every time your heart beats, it pumps blood beats, it pumps blood at high pressure into:at high pressure into:

1.1. ArteriesArteries – These – These push blood into …..push blood into …..

2.2. ArteriolesArterioles -Which -Which are smaller than are smaller than arteries. These arteries. These branch into…… branch into……

Blood around the bodyBlood around the body

3.3. CapillariesCapillaries – Which are – Which are tiny tubes that allow the tiny tubes that allow the transfer of food and transfer of food and oxygen to our cells. oxygen to our cells.

4.4. VenulesVenules – Which are – Which are larger than capillaries larger than capillaries and carry de-oxygenated and carry de-oxygenated blood from our cells. blood from our cells.

5.5. VeinsVeins – These are larger – These are larger than venules and carry than venules and carry all de-oxygenated blood all de-oxygenated blood back to the heart. back to the heart.

Structure of blood vesselsStructure of blood vessels

There are three types:There are three types:

1.1. ArteriesArteries Carry Carry Oxygenated Oxygenated blood blood

away from our heart under away from our heart under high pressure. high pressure.

The The walls are the thickestwalls are the thickest of of all 3 blood vessels. all 3 blood vessels.

Inner walls are smoothInner walls are smooth and and elasticelastic, made of involuntary , made of involuntary muscle. muscle.

The bloods The bloods high pressure high pressure stretchesstretches the inner walls as it the inner walls as it is forced through. is forced through.

Walls Walls contractcontract forcing forcing blood towards the blood towards the Capillaries. Capillaries.

Largest Artery is the Largest Artery is the AORTAAORTA, coming straight , coming straight from the heart.from the heart.

Structure of blood vesselsStructure of blood vessels

2.2. Arterioles:Arterioles: Arteries Arteries branch intobranch into smaller smaller

tubes called tubes called arteriolesarterioles. . These These connectconnect arteries to arteries to

capillaries. capillaries.

3.3. Capillaries:Capillaries: Arterioles branch into Arterioles branch into

these. these. Walls are so Walls are so thin (1 cell thin (1 cell

thick)thick) so so foodfood and and O2O2 can can pass into pass into body cellsbody cells and and tissues. tissues.

So So CO2CO2 and and waste productswaste products

can pass into can pass into Blood StreamBlood Stream..

Structure of blood vesselsStructure of blood vessels

4.4. Venules:Venules: Blood then flows into these Blood then flows into these

vessels after it has vessels after it has given up given up it’s oxygenit’s oxygen (it is now dull (it is now dull red / de-oxygenated). red / de-oxygenated).

VenulesVenules connect connect capillaries to capillaries to veins. veins.

5.5. Veins:Veins: Carry Carry De-oxygenated bloodDe-oxygenated blood

back to the heart, back to the heart, muscle muscle contractions / valvescontractions / valves prevent prevent backflow of bloodbackflow of blood

Largest Vein is the Largest Vein is the VENA VENA CAVACAVA. .

Larger than arteriesLarger than arteries, so BP is , so BP is lower. lower.

Look Look similar to arteriessimilar to arteries, but , but larger inner tubelarger inner tube to get blood to get blood back to heart as fast as possible. back to heart as fast as possible. BP is lower so blood is flowing BP is lower so blood is flowing

slower.slower.

Valves and VeinsValves and Veins

Why do Veins have Valves?Why do Veins have Valves?1.1. To keep blood flowing To keep blood flowing

in one direction. in one direction. 2.2. To stop blood flowing To stop blood flowing

backwards. backwards. Many Veins are near Many Veins are near

muscles of your arms muscles of your arms and legs. and legs.

As muscles contract it As muscles contract it pushes the blood towards pushes the blood towards the heart through next the heart through next valve. valve.

Arteries and VeinsArteries and Veins

If the Aorta and Vena cava carry blood to and from If the Aorta and Vena cava carry blood to and from the heart from the body, what do we call the tubes the heart from the body, what do we call the tubes that carry the blood to and from the lungs?that carry the blood to and from the lungs?

The Pulmonary arteryThe Pulmonary artery – carries blood from the – carries blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen, it’s the only heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen, it’s the only artery that carries de-oxygenated blood. artery that carries de-oxygenated blood.

The Pulmonary veinThe Pulmonary vein – carries oxygenated blood – carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. from the lungs to the heart.

Arteries and VeinsArteries and Veins

The circulatory system and The circulatory system and exerciseexercise

During exercise there During exercise there are certain changes are certain changes that the circulatory that the circulatory system goes through system goes through to adapt to exercise. to adapt to exercise.

Can you guess what Can you guess what changes the changes the circulatory system circulatory system goes through?goes through?

The circulatory system and The circulatory system and exerciseexercise

The changes that occur The changes that occur are:are:

1.1. During exercise During exercise cell cell respiration increasesrespiration increases, so , so CO2 levelsCO2 levels in the blood in the blood increaseincrease. .

2.2. More More CO2 passes outCO2 passes out of of the blood and more the blood and more O2 O2 passes intopasses into it. it.

3.3. Blood flow increasesBlood flow increases, so , so more O2 reaches the more O2 reaches the working musclesworking muscles..

The circulatory system and The circulatory system and exerciseexercise

4.4. Blood gets shuntedBlood gets shunted from from where it is less needed to where it is less needed to where the action is. E.g. from where the action is. E.g. from the stomach to the legs. the stomach to the legs.

This happens by This happens by blood vessels blood vessels widening (Vasodilation)widening (Vasodilation) and and constricting (Vasoconstriction)constricting (Vasoconstriction) at different points. at different points.

5.5. Exercise Exercise generates heatgenerates heat. So the . So the blood gets hotter. More blood gets hotter. More blood blood is shunted close to the skin to is shunted close to the skin to cool downcool down. This makes the . This makes the skin redden. skin redden.

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We have learnt:We have learnt:

What the Cardiovascular system is made up What the Cardiovascular system is made up off.off.

The functions of the CV system.The functions of the CV system. The name of the major blood vessels.The name of the major blood vessels. How blood is transported around the body. How blood is transported around the body. How the CV system responds with exercise. How the CV system responds with exercise.