Yaws and Other Endemic Treponematoses Jack McCarrick.
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Transcript of Yaws and Other Endemic Treponematoses Jack McCarrick.
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Yaws and Other Endemic Treponematoses
Jack McCarrick
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Yaws and its relativesare caused by spirochete bacteria
Treponema pallidum
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The endemic treponematoses are mainly transmitted by human-to-
human contact
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Yaws is typically found in tropical areas of Africa, South America, and Asia
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The first sign of yaws is a primary lesion known as a “mother yaw”
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Without treatment, secondary widespread lesions form
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After years without treatment, larger problems may develop
Gangosa Sabre Tibia
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Endemic syphilis (bejel) is usually found in dry, hot climates (mainly in West Africa)
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Endemic syphilis starts with primary white ulcers in the mouth and can end
up like late yaws
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Pinta is primarily found in arid climates in Central and South America
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Pinta starts out similar to yaws but can eventually lead to hyperpigmentation or
depigmentation
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What do we understand about the pathogenesis of these diseases?
Not much
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These diseases can be diagnosed in two ways
Dark field microscopy
Serological Tests
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Benzathine penicillin is the main drug of choice for treatment
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Between 1950 and 1970, WHO and UNICEF led a campaign to treat people in 46 countries
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It worked, but these diseases now receive little attention
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References• Antel, George M., et al. “The Endemic Treponematoses.” Microbes
and Infection 4.1 (January 2002): 83-94.• Desrosiers, Daniel C. and Radolf, Justin D. “Treponema pallidum,
the stealth pathogen, changes, but how?” Molecular Microbiology 72.5 (May 2009): 1081-1086.
• Perine, Peter L. Handbook of Endemic Treponematoses : Yaws, Endemic Syphilis, and Pinta. Geneva: World Health Organization ;, 1984. Print.
• Schell, Ronald F., and Daniel M. Musher. Pathogenesis and Immunology of Treponemal Infection. New York: M. Dekker, c1983. Print.
• Yaws: A forgotten disease. World Health Organization., January 2007. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs316/en/index.html.