Yasushi Sato Japan Science and Technology Agency · - Yasushi Sato, Hirokazu Koi, and Tateo...
Transcript of Yasushi Sato Japan Science and Technology Agency · - Yasushi Sato, Hirokazu Koi, and Tateo...
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The 2nd International Network for Government Science Advice (INGSA) Conference
30 September 2016
Yasushi Sato Japan Science and Technology Agency
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Growing attention to scientific advice in post-Fukushima Japan coincided with expanding international exchange on this topic.
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OECD
International
Scientific Unions National
Academies
ESOF
International Organizations
International Societies /Academies
Network of Funding Agencies
UN and related bodies
UNESCO
WHO WMO FAO ITU
WIPO UNEP IAEA
High Level Groups Carnegie Group
International Forums
GRC
NESTI TIP
CSTP
Regional Bodies
Science Europe
APEC
ASEAN
AAAS
ICSU IAP IAC
IUPAP
IUPAC IAU
NAS (USA) RS
(UK)
SCJ (JP)
G7, G20
IPCC
EU
Belmont Forum
Universities, Research Institutes, and Think Tanks
ESFRI JRC
ISSC
CSA’s network INGSA
Future Earth
Global Young Academy
TWAS
Agora
CAST WSF
Africa
STS Forum
IEA NEA
IPBES
EASAC SDGs-STI Forum UN-SAB
GSF
International Development Banks
ADB AfDB
World Bank
KOFAC
International mechanisms related to scientific advice
Surge of attention to scientific advice in the last five years - to address global issues - to learn from each other
2012 2013 2014 2015 Developing
networks and system of systems
SAM
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The earthquake, tsunami, and the nuclear accident
Serious discussion on scientific advice in Japan was triggered by the triple disasters of March 11, 2011.
- The Great East Japan Earthquake, the largest earthquake ever recorded in Japan
- Tsunami, which was caused by the earthquake and resulting in the loss of 18,500 lives
- The Fukushima nuclear disaster, which evacuated people within 20km from the site
“The absence of a strong and independent scientific voice to advice the government.” – Nature 480, 291 (15 December 2011)
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Loss of public trust in science
Survey results. Question: Should the direction of research and development be decided by experts who are well-versed in the subject? Source: adapted from Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Summary of a White Paper on science and technology, 2011, July 2012.
Failed expectations for seismic science, fall of the nuclear safety myth, attention to the closed nuclear community, poor mobilization of science in emergency situations, all contributed to the loss of public trust in science.
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Chief Scientific Advisor in Japan?
Sir John Beddington bestowed an order by the Japanese government, 26 June 2014.
Creating the position of Chief Science Advisor to the Prime Minister was seriously considered in Japan.
- Great attention paid to the role played by Sir John Beddington, then U.K. Government Chief Scientific Advisor, who advised not to evacuate U.K. nationals in Japan, reassuring not only the British but also Japanese people.
- A series of international symposia were held in Tokyo.
A Cabinet Office’s study group in late 2011 recommended creating such a position, but the proposal did not materialize.
But in September 2015, the first Science and Technology Advisor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs was appointed.
A “one-size-fits-all” model of scientific advice would not work.
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Codes of conduct in Japan
Basic concepts shown in UK Department of Business, Innovation, and Skills, "Principles of Scientific Advice to Government"( March 24, 2010).
respect & value academic freedom
professional status & expertise
respect & value
When the policy is not consistent with scientific advice, the government shall ・publicly explain the reasons ・accurately represent the evidence
Independence
prejudice and political interference
Scientific advisers
Government
Transparency and openness
Principles, guidelines, and codes of conduct overseas was studied, and original codes of conduct was developed in Japan.
Maintaining mutual trust by prescribing the roles and responsibilities of both sides
Democratic mandate of the government
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Dialogue between policy fields, and that between the risk analysis community and the scientific advice community, are needed.
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Food safety
Advice for regulation
Based on Risk Assessment
Advice for strategy making
Based on Benefit Assessment
Medical drug
Nuclear regulation
Labor regulation
Global environment
Earthquake prediction
Care and nursing Education
Social Infrastructure
Science and technology
Scientific advice in diverse policy areas
Conception of the structure of advice for regulation and advice for strategy
It is important to note the diversity of policy areas that are subject to scientific advice.
- In many cases, risk assessment is expected of scientific advice. - Risk assessment is always accompanied by benefit assessment, which is more important
than risk assessment in some policy areas. - Social science plays a particularly large role with regard to advice for strategy making,
where assessment of the effects of public expenditure is critical.
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Comparing scientific advice in diverse policy areas
For example, realms of responsibility of scientific advisory bodies in Japan differ from one policy area to another.
the “Honest Broker” model
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Thank you for your attention –
Yasushi Sato Japan Science and Technology Agency
For more information on this topic, please refer to - Tateo Arimoto and Yasushi Sato, "Rebuilding Public Trust in Science for Policy-
Making," Science 337 (7 September 2012), pp. 1176-1177. - Tateo Arimoto and Yasushi Sato, "Crisis, renewal and the prospects for science
advice in Japan, Guardian," 28 August 2014, The Guardian. - Yasushi Sato, Hirokazu Koi, and Tateo Arimoto, "Building the Foundations for
Scientific Advice in the International Context," Science & Diplomacy 3:3 (September 2014).
- Yasushi Sato and Tateo Arimoto, "Five years after Fukushima: scientific advice in Japan," Palgrave Communications 2:16025 (7 June 2016).
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