Yamuna river front

CITY LEVEL PROJECTS

YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENTIndraprastha Zone

Senior ConsultantSamir Mathur

ConsultantsRanu Farooqui

Monika Soota (3D Visulizer)

Nikhil Pandey (3D Visulizer)

Delhi Urban Art Commission

Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao Chairman

Sonali Bhagwati Member

Samir Mathur Member

Sonali Rastogi Member

Durga Shanker Mishra Member & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development

Vinod Kumar Secretary

DUAC Staf

Rajeev Kumar Gaur, Raghvendra Singh, Amit Mukherji, V. K.Tyagi, Uma Bhati, Nishi Sachdeva, Manju Anjali,

Siddharth Sagar, Indu Rawat, Nihal Chand

(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certiied Organisation)

Preface

The city of Delhi, capital of this vast land of diversities, is a city laden with layers of history,

a place where civilizations have lived, prospered and perished over centuries. The modern

city today, built over and around a rich tapestry of heritage, presents an opportunity

at every turn, to allow for co-existence of the past, present and the future. In order to

understand this multidimensional urban spectrum and attempt to plan the future, various

city level studies have been initiated by the DUAC. I hope that these studies will help

the planners of modern day Delhi to carefully articulate urban space, structure, form and

environment and sensitively address future requirements.

I convey my thanks to all the Consultants and Members of the Commission who have

tirelessly worked on this research project to bring out this document. I also take this

opportunity to place on record my sincere appreciation of the efforts of Secretary and

other staff of DUAC for providing the necessary administrative support to make this

happen.

I fondly hope that the authorities of the local, state and national government take these

studies seriously and implement, in right earnest, the suggestions given herein.

March, 2015 Sd/-

Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao Chairman, DUAC

DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION with gratitude duly acknowledges the valuable contributions of the

following in making this report:

Raj Rewal Former Chairman, DUACSatish Khanna Former Member, DUAC

Eric P. Mall Former Member, DUAC

D. Diptivilasa Former Member DUAC & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development

Organisations/Others

Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India

Delhi Development Authority

Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi

North Delhi Municipal Corporation

East Delhi Municipal Corporation

South Delhi Municipal Corporation

New Delhi Municipal Council

Geospatial Delhi Limited

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation

Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board

BSES Rajdhani Power Limited

BSES Yamuna Power Limited

RWA

Aim and Objectives

CONNECTING the City back to its River using Landscape

Creating PHYSICAL ACCESS to the River

Improve quality of ENVIRONMENT, opportunity for RECREATION.

CONSERVE places of historic signiicance.

Summary

Rivers are an inherent part of the development of the human settlement. They have been fundamentally

involved in the process of settlement location and its continuous formation. The greatest civilizations of the

world have formed and lourished along the banks of rivers. Whether it was the Egyptian civilization along the

Nile River or the Indus valley civilization, rivers have been vital as the providers of water for sustaining life as

well as the agrarian societies. Thus strong relationships existed between man and rivers, the later often being

revered as Gods, not only in ancient times but till date. From daily activities to religious ceremonies, fairs and

festivals, the river formed an integral part of human life.

Monuments developed along the banks of river. Delhi’s oldest city, Indraprastha, dating to the Mahabharata

era (circa 1450 BC), to the great Mughal city of Shahjahanabad (1638–1649), all were set with the Yamuna

and other water bodies as their backdrop. The major monuments of the city of Delhi present strong

evidences of the relationship of the past cities with the river. However with the 20th century and modernist

city planning paradigms, the river was considered more as a functional component rather than recreational,

with which the masses had no everyday connection. The city faced its back to the river.

Today, with the abysmal state of drainage and solid-waste management of the city, the Yamuna has become a

huge drain carrying the waste of this mega city. Millions of rupees have been spent by successive governments

in order to clean the river, but to no signiicant change in the situation. The spaces around the river are also

rather ‘lost spaces’ with either agricultural ields, derelict power stations, stadiums and memorials.

With very high densities in the residential areas, it has to be realized that Delhi is in dire need of a large

public open space. The study aims at reconnecting the city to the river not only metaphorically, but to

establish physical linkages and improve the quality of the environment and create opportunities to activate

the riverfront.

Contents1 Section 1 6

1.1 River Yamuna 6

1.2 River Yamuna - In Delhi 8

1.3 Delhi - Metro Routes 10

1.4 Delhi - Planning Zones 11

1.5 Zone ‘O’ - Land Use 12

1.6 Zone ‘O’ – Sub Zones 14

1.7 Recommendations For Zone ‘O’ 16

1.8 Delhi - Evolution of A City 18

2 Section 2 22

2.1 Proposed Area of Development 24

2.2 Site Potential 25

2.3 Site Challenges 26

2.4 Immediate Context 28

2.5 Potential Entrance Nodes 30

2.6 Land Use: Institutional 32

2.7 Road Network : Circulation 42

2.8 Activity Pattern 45

2.9 Density Study: West Bank vs East Bank 46

2.10 Comparitive Site Study 49

2.11 Historical Significance 50

3 Section 3 52

3.1 Design Concept 52

3.2 Design Study : Entrance Nodes 54

3.3 Case Study 62

3.4 Existing Landscape Character 66

3.5 Proposed Policy for Landscape Design 69

3.6 Design Proposal - Plan 76

4 Annexure 98

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6 7CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

1.1 River Yamuna

Yamuna: in Allahabad

Her conluence with the Ganges and the mythical Saraswati rivers at Triveni Sangam is a very holy pilgrimage spot.

Yamuna: at Yamunotri, its source

Yamunotri Temple and Ashram

Yamuna near the Himalayas

Yamuna River Map

Yamuna River: Delhi Stretch (Image Source: Google)

Yamuna: in AgraIn Agra, the Yamuna forms the backdrop to one of the world’s seven wonders, the Taj Mahal.

Yamunotri

Agra

Allahabad

New Delhi

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Mythological HistoryAccording to legend, the Yamuna is

the daughter of Surya (the Sun God)

and his wife Saranya, and the twin

sister of Yama (the God of Death).

A dip in the Yamuna is believed to

free a person from all past sins and

contaminations of the material world.

As a part of timeless civilization,

the River Yamuna, other than being

a traditional water source, is also a

cultural icon and is worshipped as a

Goddess in Indian culture.

Many temple towns are situated

along her banks and their characters

are based on the river.

The Mahabharata also mentions

Yamuna as being one of the seven

tributaries of the Ganges. Bathing

in and drinking Yamuna’s waters is

believed to remove sin since time

immemorial.

Later, Yamuna is associated with

the God Krishna. Krishna’s association

with the river began right from his

birth, when he let her surging waters

touch his feet. Folklore and stories

about his childhood and youth are

told and retold today with a pure and

beautiful Yamuna as the backdrop; this

is further reinforced through most of

our traditional and folk poetry and

dance forms. According to legend,

Krishna jumped into the river to

tame the poisonous Kaliya snake,

who was polluting the river with his

noxious fumes.

Mythology is a complex science.

Century-old tales and stories

can be interpreted by generation

after generation with their ever

complicated contexts and changing

ethos. Kaliya’s modern day

equivalents are the industrial units

that release efluents into the river.

OriginThe Yamuna begins at Yamunotri, north of Haridwar, in the Himalayas. The source of the Yamuna technically is Saptrishi

Kund, a glacial lake. At Tajewala, 75 km upstream of Wazirabad, there is a barrage for the waters of the river to low

into the Western and the Eastern Yamuna Canal. The Yamuna enters Delhi from Palla Village, at a height of 211 metres

above sea level. It exits the city at 197 metres above sea level, thus lowing along a very gentle gradient of 1 in 3000.

Yamuna: in MathuraGhats located on the River Yamuna in Mathura. There are total number of 25 ghats in Mathura.

(Image Source: Google)

Location of Major Cities

River monitoring stations

WYC Western Yamuna Canal

EYC Eastern Yamuna Canal

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The Delhi stretch of River Yamuna is barely 22 kms of

its entire 1,370-km long journey from Yamunotri (its

birthplace) to the ocean. Although barely 2 per cent of

the length of the river basin, it contributes to over 80

per cent of the pollution load in the entire stretch of

the river. There is no water in the river for virtually nine

months of the year. Delhi impounds water at the barrage

constructed at Wazirabad where the river enters the city.

What lows in the river subsequently is only sewage and

waste from Delhi’s 22 drains. In other words, the river

ceases to exist at Wazirabad.

22 K

MS

Wazirabad Barrage

ITO Barrage

Increasing pollution load is deteriorating the water quality

of River Yamuna. Domestic wastewater, agricultural

runoffs, mass bathing, offering of religious materials, clay

idols, etc., increases the pollution.

Due to the presence of large numbers of towns and

cities along the banks of the Yamuna, which use the

river to dump waste makes its condition even worse.

Therefore, it is now imperative to identify viable remedial

methods to clean the River Yamuna.

Okhla Barrage

The Main Sources of Pollution in the Yamuna

1. Industrial wastewaters

3. Immersion of idols2. Dumping of garbage

4. Unauthorized settlements on riverbed 5. Bathing cattle

6. Domestic sewage

1.2 River Yamuna - In Delhi

Barrages on River Yamuna

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Zonal Plan ‘O’As per MPD 2021 notiied on 07.02.2007, the National Capital Territory of Delhi is divided into 15 Planning Zones

(divisions) designated ‘A’ to ‘P’ (except zone ‘I’), eight in urban Delhi (‘A’ to ‘H’), six in Urban Extension (‘J’ to ‘N’ and ‘P’)

and one for the River Yamuna Riverfront which has been designated as Zone ‘O’.

The River Yamuna enters from Palla (north side), traverses a length of 48 kms (22 kms in the urban area) through

the National Capital Territory of Delhi and leaves the city at Jaitpur (south side). The Zone ‘O’ covers an area of about

9700 ha (as per MPD 2001), and 8070 ha (as per MPD 2021).

The site is well connected by Metro

routes. The nearest Metro station is

Indraprastha Metro Station which

falls on the Blue Line.

In the Metro Phase III proposal

there will be a Metro station on

Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg which will

also provide access to the site and

the historically signiicant monument

of Feroz Shah Kotla.

Indraprastha Metro Station

1.3 Delhi - Metro Routes

Delhi Metro Routes (Map 01)

Delhi Planning Zones (Map 02)

1.4 Delhi - Planning Zones

Line-1 (Dilshad Garden to Rithala)

Line-2 (Huda City Centre to Jahangirpuri)

Line-3 (Noida City Centre to Dwarka Sector 9)

Line-4 (Yamuna Bank to Anand Vihar ISBT)

Line-5 (Inderlok to Mundka)

Line-6 (Central Secretariat to Badarpur)

Airport Express Line

Metro Phase-III (Proposed)

Metro Stations

Study Area (Site)

Operational Network

Zone Boundary

National Highway

Ring Roads

River Yamuna

Zone “O”

Study Area (Site)

Legend

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1

2

3

6

5

410

7

8

9

Site

S. No.

Land Parcel to be Excluded From Current Zone ‘O’

Area to be Excluded (ha) from Current Zone ‘O’

Excluded Areas to be Included in Adjacent Zones

1 Rajghat 213 A (Walled City)

2 IP Power Station 112 D

3 Millennium Bus Depot 33 D

4 Sonia Vihar Area 718 E

5 Shastri Park DMRC Land 104 E

6 Akshardham Temple, CWG Village

109 E

7 Yamuna Bank, DMRC Land 40 E

8 Batla House Area 73 F

9 Jaitpur, Meethapur, Okhla 1310 F

10 Jagatpur 385 P-II

11 Area under Circulation 12 D & F

Planning Zone

Name of the

Zone

Zone Area According to MPD 2021

(ha)

Proposed to be Deducted from Current Zone ‘O’ (ha) and added

to Adjacent Zones

Proposed area in

MPD 2021

ORiver

Yamuna/Riverfront

8,070 (-) 3,109 4,961

(Refer Map 04)

Source : Delhi Development Authority

Source : DDA Zone ‘O’ Land Use (Map 03) Zone ‘O’ Land Use – Updated (Map 04)Source : DDA

The spread of the Yamuna varies

from 1.5 kms to 3.0 kms.

Nine road bridges and two railway

bridges and three fair-weather

pontoon bridges cross River Yamuna.

Nineteen major drains discharge

untreated efluents into the river.

The river bed gently slopes from 210

MSL in the north to 199 MSL in the

south.

The area has an assortment of

authorized and unauthorized uses

like Delhi Secretariat, samadhis,

cremation grounds, sports

complexes, and thermal and gas

power stations.

The River Yamuna/Riverfront, Zone

‘O’, is bounded as under:

North : NCTD Boundary

South : NCTD Boundary

East : Marginal Bund and NCTD

Boundary

West : Marginal Bund, Ring Road and

proposed NH 2 bypass along Agra

Canal

1.5 Zone ‘O’ - Land Use

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SUB-ZONE 4

SUB-ZONE 5

SUB-ZONE 6

SUB-ZONE 7

SUB-ZONE 3

SUB-ZONE 2

SUB-ZONE 1

Sub zone 4 extends from Old Yamuna Bridge to ITO BarrageDevelopment in and along Sub zone 4 includes:

West: Red Fort Electric Crematorium, Vijay Ghat, Shanti Van, Shakti Sthal, IG Stadium, Power Plant and Delhi Secretariat

East: Unauthorized encroachments, agriculture and cremation grounds

Proposed Predominant Use

West: RecreationEast: Recreation, Pondage (water harvesting)

Sub Zone 4 (Map 06)

Sub zone 5 extends from ITO Barrage to New Railway Bridge Development in and along Sub zone 5 includesWest: Indraprastha Power Plant, Indraprastha Metro Station, Bus DepotEast: Unauthorized encroachment, agriculture, Yamuna Bank Metro Station

Proposed Predominant Use

East : Recreation, Public and Semi-public facilities. Metro DepotWest: Utilities, Recreation, Ghats

Sub Zone Reach Approx. Area (ha)

01 UP Border – Wazirabad Barrage 3620

02 Wazirabad Barrage - ISBT Bridge 1100

03 ISBT Bridge – Old Bridge 225

04 Old Rly bridge – IP Barrage (Refer Map 06) 800

05 IP Barrage – New Bridge (Refer Map 07) 365

06 New Rly Bridge – NH 24 Bridge 390

07 NH 24 Bridge – Okhla Barrage 1300

08 Okhla Barrage – Haryana Border 1900

Total River Yamuna area (NCTD) 9700

Proposed Site

1.6 Zone ‘O’ – Sub Zones

Sub Zone 5 (Map 07)Zone ‘O’ – Sub-zones (Map 05)

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The River Yamuna/Riverfront, Zone ‘O’ has special characterstics and ecological signiicance for which various studies

have been conducted from time to time. As such, the Zonal Development Plan for Zone ‘O’ has been conceived to set

the strategies for the rejuvenation of the River Yamuna and ecofriendly development.

MPD 2001River Yamuna is to be made pollution free through various measures. On the vast expanse of its banks, large

recreational areas are to be developed and integrated with other urban developments so that the river is an integral

part of the city, physically and visually.

DUAC Conceptual Plan 2001Landscape potential to be explored

Promote recreational activities, cultural centre, bird sanctuary, botanical gardens, water sports etc.

NCR Regional Plan 2011River channelization, pollution control and riverfront developments

Steering Committee Recommendation on MPD-2001Intercept all drains discharging sewage in the Yamuna

Comprehensive review and suitable change in land use

SPA – Planning & Development of Yamuna River BedAugmenting Water Recharge Potential

Reducing Pollution

Conservation of Natural Areas

Recreation to be limited to ecotourism

Higher level of recreational facilities

Adoption of integrated development model

NEERI – Environmental Management Plan•LowDevelopment,NoBuiltUp Botanical gardens, nurseries, forest and picnic spots, special parks

•ModerateDevelopment,LowBuiltUp Open-air stadium, amphitheatre, theme park, gardens, water sports, camping grounds, recreational clubs,

congregation grounds

•ExtensiveDevelopment,ModerateBuiltUp Convention Centres, Secretariat and Assembly, museums and inancial district, cultural centre

Yamuna Action Plan for NCTDUnder the Yamuna Action Plan of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, the following components are

funded by the Central Govt:

i) Low Cost Toilets

ii) Sewage Treatment Plants

iii) Electric Crematoria

iv) Bathing Ghats

v) Plantation

Conclusion from the StudiesKeeping in view the recommendation made in the various statutory plans, studies undertaken and the conclusions

arrived at, the Zonal Development Plan for River Yamuna will have to address the following objectives:

a) Water Supply Augmentation

b) Pollution Abatement

c) Land Utilization/Management

d) Eco-friendly Development

•ThedevelopmentshouldnotincreasethepollutionwithintheRiverYamunaarea,ratheritshouldregenerateahealthy environment.

•Anykindofdevelopmentshouldbesafefromlooddamageevenatpeakloodlevel.•Identifyingthestretcheswhichcanbe/shouldbedevelopedonprioritybasisandwhichdonotrequirelargeinancial

resources and are not prone to encroachments.

Strategies for riverfront development (8.3 ZONAL PLAN 2021):

•Toestablishriverfrontwalkway,trails,parks.•Tocreatevisuallypleasingordertotheriver’sedge.•Toattractpeopleandinvestmenttotheriverfront.•Todevelopanarts/entertainment/culturaldistrict.•Toexpandleisureandrecreationaluseoftheriverandriverfront.•Toemphasizepedestrianstreetsthatconnecttotheriverfront.•Toprovideoutdooractivitiesforthepeople.

DDA Zonal Development Plan for River Yamuna Area (May 2006)Two levels of urban design inputs are envisaged:

Riverfront Development: At present the width of the river bed varies between 1.5 kms to 3.0 kms and at most sections

neither the water course nor the opposite banks are visible. In order to integrate the river within the larger framework

of the city and to bring the river closer to the citizens, at certain stretches, ‘aesthetic’ and ‘active’ riverfront development

is desirable. These stretches may comprise the following activities/uses with full complement of recreational activities for

all sections of citizens:

•BathingGhats•PedestrianBoulevards•LandscapedVenues

1.7 Recommendations For Zone ‘O’

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1.8 Delhi - Evolution of A City

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Lalkotcirca 736 – 1060 AD

Indraprasthacirca 1450 BC

Siricirca 1297 – 1307 AD

Tuglaqabad1321–1325

Jahanpanah1325 –1351

Ferozabad1351–1388

Dinpanah1538 –1545

Shahajahanbad1638 –1649

Lutyens’ Delhi1931 AD

Present Delhi

Chronological Evoloution of the City of Delhi

Lack of Identity. City reduced to a continuous sprawl.

No Connection to the River.

Medieval City between the Ridge and the River. Imperial City between the Ridge and the River ; Cantonment beyond the Ridge.

Contemporary City beyond the Ridge and the River. Future City will eat the Ridge and the River.

Expansion aimed at the reduction of natural resources within the city.

Transformation of the city, the urban form changed from solid to void to scattered.

Creation of impervious surface. Loss of open space.

Collective realm is restricted to the movement corridors, detached from the ground.

Natural resources become mere components of urbanization.

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2.1 Proposed Area of Development 2.2 Site Potential

Religious Active During Weekdays: Work Hours Potential for Pedestrian Connections and Walking

Rich History and CultureNatural Feature: River National Signiicance Monuments

The site has a magniicent setting. The river forms an excellent opportunity to provide for an active public space.

The historical monument of Feroz Shah Kotla is in close proximity to the site. It is well connected to adjoining historically signiicant monuments like Purana Qila, Red Fort, India Gate, etc.

The site has memorials of signiicant Indian leaders situated in close proximity.The vehicular road connecting the ghats to the site has very low trafic density and can serve as good connection to the site.

The site has an existing ‘Chhath Ghat’, which is extensively used during the ‘Chhath’ festival and people gather here in large numbers during the festival.

The site has many institutional buildings and commercial newspaper ofices, making this a very active area during weekdays.

Few of the roads like, Indraprastha Marg already have a wide, well-connected pedestrian pathway and foot overbridge, providing safe and convenient access for the pedestrians.

Primary

Site

Adaptive

Re-Use

300 Acre

66 Acre

21 Acre

32 Acre

70..25%

28.18%

1.57%

Neighbouring

Inluence Zone

Immediate

Context

Proposed Area of Development (Percentage)

Adaptive Re-Use (28.18%)

Intensive Development (1.57%)(Railway Corridor)

Ecologically Sensitive(70.25%)

Riverfront at

Rajghat Powerplant

As Future Development

In Another Phase

Rajghat

Powerplant

(Future Development)

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Disconnected Waterfront Weak Public Life Pattern Minimal Open Space Identity

ChallengeThe site has a beautiful setting at the

water’s edge that has not been fully

embraced.

ConsequencesThe riverfront is poorly connected in

terms of pedestrian links, functions,

views and vistas,

The waterfront itself could be

much more vibrant and interesting,

The waterfront’s potential has been

underutilized.

Absence of Visual Linkages,

Physical Linkages with Riverfront

Challenge The site is well connected, yet there

is a fragile pattern of urban life with

few informal recreational activities

taking place.

Most of the activities taking place

are considered necessary activities,

such as ofices and commercial

operations.

ConsequencesThe site does not have a distinct

character, and is poorly deined.

There are a great deal of important

destinations on-site, but they are

poorly connected and fail to generate

public life activities. It is not a place

that succeeds in inviting people to

go to for informal activities such as

strolling, biking or hanging out.

ChallengeThe public space network is unclear,

since the site lacks interesting, inviting

and varied public spaces. The public

space hierarchy is unclear – where

is the heart of the city? Where are

the places for quiet relection or the

places for physical activities and play?

ConsequencesThe poor public spaces and the

ofice/institution focused activities in

this area cause fragile user patterns. A

strong public life culture demands a

place that is more inviting throughout

the day, week and the year.

Fragile Urban Culture Unbalanced Trafic System Institutional and Ofice Focused Area

ChallengeThere are several historically and

culturally signiicant monuments in

and in close proximity to the site.

But it does not translate into a place

where you just spend time in the

public spaces. The open space has

lost its important role as a preferred

meeting place.

ConsequencesThe public spaces seem underutilized.

Few public spaces in and around the

site manage to invite people to spend

time for informal recreational

purposes and leisure.

The outdoor city culture is

generally underdeveloped and the

city needs more instantly appealing

and inviting public spaces. Lack of

public life is a self-perpetuating

process. Higher levels of public life

tend to generate more life while lack

of public life has the opposite effect.

ChallengeThe site has Ring Road running on

the west and Indraprastha Marg/

Bridge to the north.

These highways create barriers and

limit access to the site.

ConsequencesNot only has the area around the

site, but in general the city too, has

become ‘car centric’. The car tends to

be ‘king,’ meaning that the vehicular

trafic lows are highly prioritized,

compromising pedestrian and bicycle

low most of the times.

Lack of Quick Accessibility

Options to Metro and

Various Civic Destinations for

Pedestrians

Absence of Mix of Functions and

Safe Walking Condition

ChallengeOverall, the site is dominated by

ofices and institutions.

ConsequencesThe lack of diversity and mix in

functions has a number of side

effects. There are generally fewer

attractions and unique experiences in

each area leading to a lack of mixed-

user groups.

In terms of public life, the site is only

highly active during ofice and college

hours. This leads to a perceived

lack of safety in the evenings and

weekends, and also impacts the use

of public spaces.

Precincts Deserted after

Business Hours

2.3 Site Challenges

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The site precinct has number of mixed-uses. The predominant ones being professional

institutes and ofices. It has numerous nationally signiicant monuments (Refer Annexure)

located in close proximity. Four major sports activity buildings, namely IG Indoor Stadium,

Yamuna Velodrome, Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium and Ambedkar Stadium. Two parks –

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Park and Jai Prakash Narayan Park. Two major power stations, Rajghat

Power Plant and Indraprastha Power Plant, and historically signiicant monuments Feroz

Shah Kotla and Khooni Darwaza. As such there is no residential area in the site precinct

other than Vinod Nagar located close to the Feroz Shah Monument. Daryaganj, one of the

oldest residential areas of the city, is located nearby but is not part of the study area.

Rajghat

Gandhi Ashram

Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium

Feroz Shah Kotla

Jai Prakash Narayan Park

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Park

Shanti Van

Rajghat Power Plant

Yamuna Velodrome

Indraprastha Power Plant Chhath Puja Ghat

Institutional

Industrial

Historic

Residential

Sports

Greens

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2

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3

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2.4 Immediate Context

Existing Riverfront/Greens

Indraprastha Mixed-UseRiverfront Site(74 Acre)

Vikas Marg/Old ITO Bridge

Sach

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Road

Gra

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runk

Road

/Rin

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oad

2.5 Potential Entrance NodesS

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11

22

33

44

55

Potential Node 2: From Vikas Marg/Old ITO Bridge

2

Potential Node 3 : From Sachivalaya Road (Opp. Delhi Secretariat)

33

Potential Node 4 : Under Grand Trunk Road/Ring Road

44

Potential Node 5 : From Grand Trunk Road/ Ring Road

5

Potential Node 1: From Mahatma Gandhi Marg adjacent to Indraprastha Metro Station

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InstitutionalImportant government and semi-

government institutional buildings

are located in this area. The most

important being the Secretariat,

Vikas Minar, Police Headquarters,

ITO. Educational institutions like SPA

and IIPM are also located in close

proximity to the site

Potential

These institutions should have a

better access to the riverfront site.

IndustrialThree main power plants are

located in close proximity to the site.

Indraprastha Power Plant, Rajghat

Power Plant and Pragati Maidan

Power Plant.

Potential

The site is located between

Indraprastha Power Plant and River

Yamuna. Adaptive Reuse of the IP

Power Plant and the railway line are

suggested.

Rajghat Power Station

Indraprastha Power Plant

Rajghat Power Plant

SecretariatSchool of Planning and Architecture

Police HeadquartersDDA (on RT) from the ITO FOB

DDA Ofice Building

2.6 Land Use: Institutional

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Shanti Van

Land Use : National Signiicance Land Use : Religious Signiicance

Religious Signiicance

Chhath Puja Ghat which is located

on-site is used extensively during the

Chhath Puja festival.

Potential

Chhath Puja is an annual event and

the site remains un-utilized for the

rest of the year. Thus, there is need

to create activity to bring people to

the site.

Historic/National Signiicance

The heritage monuments Feroz

Shah Kotla and Khooni Darwaza are


Other places of national signiicance

close to site are: Rajghat, Shanti Van,

Gandhi Smarak. (For a complete list

of samadhis located close to site

refer Annexure page 100-101)

Potential

A shuttle service along with

provisions for bike/pedestrian

connections from the historically

signiicant monuments to the site

can/should be created.

Feroz Shah Kotla

Shakti SthalRajghat

Veer Bhumi

Gandhi Smarak

Chhath Puja Ghat

Chhath Puja Ghat

Mosque

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Doll MuseumOfices at Maharao Krishna Rao Marg Vikram Nagar Anna Nagar

View of Maharao Krishna Rao Marg

Ofices at Maharao Krishna Rao Marg Times of India Ofice Express Building

Commercial

Most newspaper ofices are situated

in close proximity of the site.

Potential

As the newspaper industry is such

that it remains open for 365 days a

year, irrespective of holidays, there is

an opportunity to give the people

working here a breathing space on

the riverfront where they can unwind

and relax.

Residential

The residential area of Vikram Nagar

is located adjacent to Feroz Shah

Kotla Monument. Daryaganj, one of

the oldest residential settlements

of Delhi City, is also located in the

immediate context of the site. Anna

Nagar, which is an unauthorized

colony is situated along the railway

and Metro line.

Issues

Few of the residences in Vikram

Nagar share the wall of the

historically signiicant Feroz Shah

Kotla Monument.

Guideline

There should be a setback from the

historic façade.

Land Use: Commercial Land Use: Residential

Daryaganj

Vikram Nagar

Vikram Nagar Vikram Nagar Daryaganj

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Yamuna Velodrome Yamuna Velodrome

Yamuna Velodrome from elevated roadIndira Gandhi Indoor Stadium Feroz Shah Kotla

Railway Line

Sports Facility

Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium and

Yamuna Velodrome are located within

5–10 minutes walking distance from

the site. Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium

and Dr Ambedkar Stadium are also


Potential

The stadiums act as activity

generators and this activity can be

dispersed to the riverfront site,

creating an active area. Also, the

parking lots for IG Indoor Stadium

and Yamuna Velodrome can be used

for the proposed site.

Open Spaces

Most of the public ‘open spaces’

are located around the heritage

monuments and other places of

interest – Rajghat, Feroz Shah Kotla

and also Yamuna Riverfront behind

Indraprastha Power Plant.

Potential:

The open spaces are not easily

accessible. They need to be well

connected to the adjoining areas and

Metro station and roads.

Land Use : Sports Facility Land Use : Open Spaces

Dr Ambedkar Stadium

Near Rajghat Power Station

Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium Near Chhath Ghat

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Character

of the

Land Use

Urbanscape

Open Spaces

Most of the public ‘open spaces’ are located around the heritage monuments and other places

of interest: Rajghat, Feroz Shah Kotla and also Yamuna Riverfront behind Indraprastha Power

Plant.

The open spaces are not easily accessible. They need to be well connected to the adjoining

areas and Metro station and roads.

Institutional

Important government and semi-government institutional buildings are located in this area. Most

important being Secretariat, Vikas Minar, Police Headquarters, ITO. Educational institutions like

SPA and IIPM are also located in close proximity to the site

These institutions should have a better access to the Riverfront Site.

Industrial

Three main power plants are located in close proximity to the site. Indraprastha Power Plant,

Rajghat Power Plant and Pragati Maidan Power Plant.

The site is located between Indraprastha Power Plant and River Yamuna. Adaptive-Reuse of

the IP Power Plant and the railway line are suggested.

Land Use : Analysis - Conclusion

Historic/National Signiicance

The heritage monuments of Feroz Shah Kotla and Khooni Darwaza are located in close

proximity to the site. Other places of national signiicance close to site are: Rajghat, Shanti Van,

Gandhi Smarak.

A visual link along with providing bike/pedestrian connections from the historically signiicant

monuments to the site can/should be created.

Religious Signiicance

‘Chhath Puja Ghat’ which is located on-site is used extensively during the Chhath Puja festival.

Chhath puja is a once in a year event, and the site remains un-utilized for rest of the year and

lacks activity. Need to create activity to bring people to the site.

Commercial

Most newspaper ofices are situated in close proximity of the site.

As the newspaper industry is such that it remains open for 365 days a year irrespective of

holidays, there is an opportunity to give the people working there a breathing space on the

riverfront where they can unwind and relax.

Residential

The residential area of Vikram Nagar is located adjacent to Feroz Shah Kotla Monument.

Daryaganj, one of the oldest residential settlements of Delhi City, is also located in the

immediate context of the site. Anna Nagar, which is an unauthorized colony is situated along the

railway and Metro line.

Few of the residences in Vikram Nagar share the wall of the historically signiicant Feroz Shah

Kotla Monument.

Sports Facility

Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, and Yamuna Velodrome are located within 5-10 minutes walking

distance from the site. Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium and Dr Ambedkar Stadium are also located in

close proximity to the site.

The stadiums act as activity generators and this activity can be dispersed to the riverfront site,

creating an active area. Also, the parking lots for IG Indoor Stadium and Yamuna Velodrome can

be used for the proposed site.

Final Land Use Map

2 3

54

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Bus Stops

Metro Stops

Blue Metro Line

Phase III Metro Line

CirculationThe main ‘Circulation Nodes’ include, Indraprastha Metro Station, Pragati Maidan and Yamuna Bank on the East Bank.

1 2

4

3

5

66

77

88

99

Indraprastha Marg

Vikas Marg

Mahatma Gandhi Marg Ring Road

Sachivalaya Road

Sachivalaya Road

Velodrome Road

Maharao Krishna Rao Marg

Satyagraha Marg

2.7 Road Network : Circulation

High Intensity Road

Mid Intensity Road

Low Intensity Road

Metro Route

8

3

5

41

2

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6

6

8

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Activity Pattern:•IndraprasthaMarghasmostlyinstitutionalbuildingsonbothsides(referpage32)andishighlyactiveonweekdays.•BahadurShahZafarMarghasmostlynewspaperoficesandisactivesevendaysaweek.•ChhathPujaGhatisactiveonlyseasonallyduringChhathPujaFestivalonceayear.IndiraGandhiIndoorStadium,

Yamuna Velodrome, Ambedkar Stadium and Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium are active only when a sports activity is taking

place. Thus the site is active only seasonally.

Reclaiming Public Space for Parking

Public spaces that need to be reclaimed as parking spaces.

•ParkinglotinIGStadiumandDelhiSecretariatareunderutilizedandcanbeused for parking for the proposed site.

•SpaceundertheelevatedRingRoadbypasscanalsobereclaimedforparking.

Space under the elevated Ring Road

On-street parking in front of WHO, near Vikas Bhawan & ITO and Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg

Vikas MargIndraprastha Marg

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Bah

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Shah

Zaf

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Rin

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AmbedkarStadium

YamunaVelodrome

Chhath PujaGhat

Proposed Connections

2.8 Activity Pattern

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Density Study of the West and East BankBuilding a footprint study of the East and West Bank along the river for the site precinct shows that the East Bank

is more densely populated than the West Bank. And is in dire need of an open space that provides respite and a

breathing lung space for the residents. The riverfront has a high potential open space available in the heart of the city.

•Peopleinhigherdensitydwellingsneedgreateraccessandqualityopenspaceandpublicrealm–theirbackyardisthe public domain.

•ConnectivityisalsoanimportantconsiderationThereisaneedtoimprovetheconnectivitybetweenthedenselypopulated areas and the open spaces. Recreation facilities and open spaces should be well connected by means of

public transport, walking tracks and bike paths.

2.9 Density Study: West Bank vs East Bank

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Open Space and Land Use Study for East and West BankThe West Bank has numerous open spaces, while the East Bank clearly lacks open green spaces.

The West Bank has mostly institutional buildings and the East Bank mainly residential.

By creating an active Riverside Green Space, we will provide an area for the residents of the East Bank to visit during

weekends. Due to the commercial and professional nature of land use on the West Bank, the site will remain active

during weekdays and provide a respite from hectic work schedules.

Building Footprint

Greens

Land Use

Existing Vegetation/Trees

Open Space Study

Roads and Nullahs

Land Use Study

2.10 Comparitive Site Study

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The precinct of Feroz Shah Kotla has tremendous heritage value.

•ThesiteincludesarchaeologicalruinsofFerozShahKotlaandthesurvivingremainsofKhooniDarwaza.•TheKotlaofFerozShahalsoincludesoneoftheAshokanstonepillars,removedfromitsoriginallocationandre-

erected here by Feroz Shah Tughlaq.

•Historicallyspeaking,thissiteisanensembleofstructuresbelongingtothereignsofthreesigniicantemperorsofIndia: Ashoka (BC 273 – 232), Feroz Shah (AD 1351 – 88) and Sher Shah Suri (AD 1540 – 55).

•Thesitecontributestotheexperienceofarchitectural,artisticandculturalhistoryofculturesthatlourishedinthehistorical timescape of Delhi.

•KhooniDarwazaestablishesthephysicalextentofSherShah’sDilli,andsuggestsanoverlappingrelationshipbetweenthe two cities – Firozabad (14th C) and Dilli Sher Shahi (16th C) – founded within a time gap of two centuries.

The city of Delhi has enormous numbers and varieties of historic sites like the Qutub Minar, Humayun’s Tomb and, most recently, the Red Fort, that have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Others, like the Old Fort and Jama Masjid, are part of popular tourist circuits. There are many more sites of equal signiicance; however, they lie ‘buried’ within the modern city, neglected and forgotten

Linking Heritage on the SiteDelhi’s heritage can be integrated

and linked to transform the cognitive

image of the city:

•Througharchitecturalconservationand urban design interventions to

create experience and awareness

towards heritage. These will cover

street furniture, lighting, special

transportation system, treatment

to footpaths, roads and intersection

nodes, public places, etc.

•Bymakingthecognitiveexperienceof Delhi as a Heritage City more

manifest for both local inhabitants

and visitors.

•Thesitecontinuestopossesshistorical,archaeological,architecturalandartistic value as the walls of the ruins merge with the newer constructions

around. The signiicance of this site, needs to be protected, preserved

and enhanced for the experience of people who visit or live in Delhi.

The constituent structures hold the potential to continue the original

design intention or suggest interventions for adaptive reuse or new use,

consequently reinstating the cultural relevance of the site, whilst making it a

place for people to enjoy and experience their own heritage.

Khooni Darwaza

An aerial view of the Feroze Shah Kotla Node shows location of those

structures that are signiicant to the project:

N

TOWARDS

RIVER

(Source: Intach, Delhi Heritage Route, Detailed

Project Report, June 2009)

1. Feroz Shah Kotla

2. Khooni Darwaza

3. Lok Nayak Jaiprakash Smriti Udyan (Smriti Udyan)

4. Shaheed Bhagat Singh Park (Shahidi Park)

Kotla Feroz Shah

2.11 Historical Signiicance

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Religious Zone (Chhath Puja Ghat):

The Chhath Puja Ghat is massively usedonly once a year during the Chhath Puja festival.

Entrance/Welcome Zone:

Create Activity Zone for the Entry Zone

Entrance/Welcome Zone

Nullah :

Development along the Nullah

Development Zone (Existing Railtrack):

Proposal for Development along the Rail Track

Adaptive Reuse of Indraprastha Power Plant

Green Ecozone

Riverfront ZoneSolar Farm

Improve Existing Pedestrian Paths

Provide seating enclosures and benches along the PathHave Avenue plantation along the pathways

Existing Site Conditions

Chhath Ghat

Green Ecozone

Existing Pedestrian Pathways

Existing Railway Line

Indraprastha Power Plant Structure

Existing Nullah

Existing Open Area

Rin

g R

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Vikas Marg / Old ITO Bridge

Metro Line (Blue)Welcome

Zone

Welcome

Zone

Adaptive

Re-Use

Zone

Solar Park

Chhath

Ghat

Link To

River

Ped

estr

ian

Pat

hw

ays

Visual

Connection

Embankment

River Overlook

Connection to Rajghat Power Plant

Connection to Pragati Maidan Power Plant

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Strategy tools relating to walking and cycling speciically include:

1. Re-allocation of road space with an emphasis on sustainable modes, including walking and cycling.

2. Aligning usage with policy agenda which looks to increase walking and cycling mode splits.

3. Increase opportunities to rest (pedestrian) and increase the provision of safe, secure and sheltered parking (cycling).

Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6

Pedestrian/Battery Operated ShuttleAccess

Vehicular & Pedestrian Access

Parking:195 Cars

Vehicular Access Only

Parking:220 Cars


Parking:75 Cars


Parking:175 Cars


Parking:100 Cars

Entrance Nodes and Parking Vehicular Movement On-siteVehicular movement on the site is restricted to the outer periphery only.

1

2

3

4

5

6

To Rajghat Power Plant

RIN

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D

VIKAS MARG/OLD ITO BRIDGE

1

2

3

4

5

6

3.2 Design Study : Entrance Nodes

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Existing - Yamuna River - Nullah

The functioning of a pedestrian route largely depends on the resting spaces provided for the users.

Shade and proper street furnishings improve the quality of the pedestrian environment.

Comfort and shelter are essential characteristics of pedestrian needs and these should be proiciently catered to.

Seating places provide support for people to colonize the centre of the space, thus these should be located parallel to

the pedestrian lows.

The walkways have multiple interjections to create a sense of pause and provide seating spaces. This will be a well

designed open space which is part of an interconnected network to promote pedestrian and bicycle trips between

open space and destinations.

Proposed - Pond in the boardwalk area - Train entrance plaza - Kids Activity Zone- Water Fountain

Pedestrian Movement On-site

Possible Future Pedestrian

Connection

(Refer ‘Vision of Delhi’ Report)

Visual Connections

to The River

Connection To Pragati Maidan

Power Plant

Connection To Rajghat Powerplant

Existing Water Bodies

Proposed Water Bodies

Water Bodies On-site

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Issues

•Environmentallyunsound•Coal-basedplantleadingtomassiveemissions•Nocontroloverparticulatematteremissions•Fly-ashgeneration•Fly-ashsludgeoftenmakingitswaytotheYamuna•Coalhastracesofheavymetalthatishazardousto

health

•Usinga2-MWdieselset,powerwasgeneratedfortheirst time in Delhi in 1903

Potential

•AdaptiveReuseofthePowerPlantonthelinesofinternational industrial examples such as Tate Modern,

Gasometer City, The Silos, Battersea Power Plant and

many others. (Refer page no. 62 for case-study)

Existing Guiding Features On-site

Use existing mega structures for

leisure/amusement related activities

Use existing open space as green

connectors/parks/public spaces

Indraprastha Power Plant Indraprastha Power Plant

The development of this area would transform a derelict space and create something which everyone can appreciate;

it will also introduce an accessible green space into the city.

Buildings are meant to evolve and change; they are constantly changing. While they may be designed for a particular

use, they eventually adapt due to ‘usages in and around them constantly changing’.


Railway Line

Chhath Puja Ghat

Indra

pra

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Pow

er P

lant

Existing

Railwayline

Chhat

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G

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Existing Scenario

The railway line connects the IP Power Plant and the

Rajghat Power Plant to the main railway line. And, is

used to supply coal to both these power plants. With

Indraprastha Power Plant closed and Rajghat Power Plant

proposed to be shutdown in 2014, the railway line would

be defunct.

Signiicance of Chhath Puja

Chhath Puja is an ancient Hindu festival and the only Vedic festival dedicated to the Hindu Sun God, Surya, and Chhathi

Maiya (ancient Vedic goddess, Usha).The Chhath Puja is performed in order to thank Surya for sustaining life on earth

and to request the granting of certain wishes.

Mythology

The rituals inds reference in the epic Mahabharata in which Draupadi is depicted as observing similar rites.

In the Mahabharata, Draupadi and the Pandavas, rulers of Indraprastha (modern Delhi), performed the Chhath

ritual on the advice of the noble sage, Dhaumya. It is also believed that Chhath was started by Karna, the son of Surya

(Surya Putra Karna). Surya Putra Karna ruled over the Anga Desh (present day Bhagalpur district of Bihar) during the

Mahabharata Age.

Ritual

The rituals of the festival are rigorous and are observed over a period of four days. They include holy baths, fasting and

abstaining from drinking water (vratta), standing in water for long periods of time, and offering prashad and arghya to

the setting and rising sun.

Location

Chhath Puja Ghat is located on the western bank of River Yamuna behind the IP Power Plant and is used once a year

during the Chhath Puja festival.

Issues

The area remains isloated for the rest of the year. When it is used once a year, there is lack of proper parking facilities

and a proper planned open space where such an event can be organized.

Potential

•Provideadequateparkingspace.•Create/designalargeopenspacewheretheeventcantakeplace,aspeopletendtostayovernightonthegrounds

there is need for a large space to provide temporary shelter during the festival.

Potential:

Conversion of the existing Railway line into a pedestrian

friendly corridor such as done in New York City for the

Highline Park. (Refer Page no. 63 for Case-Study) Re-use

of railway line as part of the landscape feature.

Railway Line Chhath Puja Ghat

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Originally: Opened in 1934 as an

elevated railway, the High Line was

established to provide greater safety

by separating rail and street trafic.

Adapted To: Extremely successful

elevated public park stretching over

one mile, running through the heart

of Manhattan.

Reuse of existing rail lines (currently used for coal trains to the power plants)

for continuous transit connections

•pedestrianpaths,biketrails,•electricshuttlesalongriverfrontdistrictsites

(Source: Google)

(Source: AdaptiveReuse.info, Brooklyn, NY)

Tate Modern, London

Originally: Bankside Power Station

Adapted To: Tate Modern is

Britain’s national gallery for modern

art with 4.7 million visitors/year.

It has transformed a previously

underdeveloped area of London and

has helped give the city a new image

as a leading centre of contemporary

culture.

The remains of industry include dramatic buildings, landscapes, sites and

precincts as well as everyday structures and spaces that work together to give

our cities, towns and regions their character. All offer opportunity for reuse.

Done well, such adaptive reuse can contribute to the building of a social and

cultural capital, environmental sustainability and urban regeneration.

The case studies that accompany this report highlight a range of successful

international projects, across scale and building types.

Xintiandi Factory, Hangzhou, China

Originally: Machine Factory

Adapted To: The Xintiandi old factory will be renovated into a high quality

building with a combination of functions including ofices, retail, hotel and

multipurpose areas.

(Source: Google)

Manhattan’s acclaimed High Line – a

relic of urban history and imaginative

example of adaptive reuse – has

inspired a generation of linear urban

parks occupying abandoned railway

lines

The success of these projects provides the inspiration to look at innovative and environmentally friendly ways to reinvent the disused railways of the industrial past.

Throughout history, the main reason for reuse has been economic. Previously it was done ‘without regard for history

or “character”.’ This shifted in the late 20th century when adaptive reuse evolved more speciically into historic

preservation. We now have shifted to a balance between historic and economic reasons for adaptive reuse. Recent

adaptive reuse projects have generated ‘some of the most innovative and intelligent work’ in the architectural ield. It

is not just a sentimental or historic approach but a desire to create ‘new form out of old fabric’. The rediscovery and

reuse of old buildings and areas is more signiicant for the twenty-irst century urban life.

Originally: The Gasometers were built from 1896 to

1899. The containers were used to help supply Vienna

with town gas facilities. Each is 70 metres tall and 60

metres in diameter. The Gasometers were retired in 1984

due to new technologies in gasometer construction

Gasometer City, Vienna, Austria

Adapted To: Each gasometer is divided into several

zones for living (apartments at the top), working (ofices

on the middle loors) and entertainment and shopping

(shopping malls on the ground loors). The shopping mall

levels in each gasometer are connected to the others by

skybridges.

The Gasometers have developed a village character all

of their own and are a city within a city.

Gasometer A (Inside) Gasometer B (Outside)

(Source: Wikipedia)

(Source: Google)

Adaptive Reuse of Railway LineAdaptive Reuse of Industrial Building

3.3 Case Study

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•Multipleusesandedgetreatmentshavetobeallowed.

•Creatingadestinationratherthanjustathoroughfare.

•Addresstheconcernofoccasionalloodingandhowthedesignwillevolveandrespondtotheseasonalchangesofthe river.

•Thedesignvisioncallsfordesignstrategies,anddeliberateplanningofopenspaces,whichstrikeabalancebetweeninnovation and historic preservation as opposed to a single solution. This will give the riverfront the lexibility to

evolve over time

•Greenspacesthatareconnectedwithothergreenoropenspacesthroughwalkingandcyclingtrailsorgreenwayspromote higher levels of physical activity and encourage more visits and longer stays.

•TheexistingIndraprasthaPowerPlantandtherailwaylineserveasexcellentopportunitiesfordevelopmentoflandmark architecture features on the site.

•Restoringecology,improvingwaterquality,buildingwithnature,partofhistory.

•Supplementingexistingvegetation–agreenfertilemilieuwithanurbanparkcharacterwillbecreated.

The open agricultural character of the grassland/agriculture land on the riverbank

should be preserved as the landscape image for both its natural dimension as well

as its ecological importance for the surrounding Yamuna riverfront.

University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Learning from Case Study Design Philosophy

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Issues and Potential

There is no visual and physical access to the river from the main roads adjoining the site, namely Mahatma Gandhi

Marg and Vikas Marg.

The railway line has the potential to be reused as part of the landscape element, but the heavy plantation blocks the

access to the railway line from/to the river.

There are numerous native varieties of trees, plants, shrubs and grass which need to be retained.

Existing Vegetation On-site

3.4 Existing Landscape Character

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Forest (>50% canopy cover): Plant wherever possible; provides shade, recreation, riparian habitat, stormwater and erosion control, lood mitigation and water quality treatment.

Woodland (<50% canopy cover): Plant wherever views are desired through trees; provides most beneits of forest and may be more acceptable in developed areas.

Shrubland: Plant to protect steep slopes and as natural fences for pedestrian/bicycle trafic control.

Meadow: Plant as a means of managing large open areas; provides riparian buffers and habitat for small mammals, insects and birds.

Lawn: Plant on relatively lat slopes only and active recreation zones; separate lawns from river edges with riparian buffer.

Common Name: RanawaraBotanical Name: Cassia auriculata

Common Name: Babul/KikarBotanical Name: Vachellia nilotica

Common Name: KhairBotanical Name: Senegalia catechu

Common Name: EucalyptusBotanical Name: Eucalyptus obliqua

Common Name: Dhau/DhakBotanical Name: Anogeissus latifolia

Common Name: Yellow OleanderBotanical Name: Cascabela thevetia

Common Name: AshokBotanical Name: Polyalthia longifolia

Common Name: BanyanBotanical Name: Ficus benghalensis

Common Name: PeepalBotanical Name: Ficus religiosa

Common Name: NeemBotanical Name: Azadirachta indica

Common Name: Bottle BrushBotanical Name: Callistemon viminalis

Common Name: Vetiver GrassBotanical Name: Chrysopogon zizanioides

Common Name: BushgrassBotanical Name: Calamagrostis epigejos

Common Name: Blady Grass/Kunai GrassBotanical Name: Imperata cylindrica

Common Name: KansBotanical Name: Saccharum spontaneum

3.5 Proposed Policy for Landscape Design

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Avenue Trees

Mosquito/Insect Repellant Plants

Trees as Focal Point

Flowering Trees

Aquatic Plants

Flowering Plants

Plant native or non-invasive species throughout the river

corridors.

Native species are preferred for the river edge landscapes

because of their adaptation to the local environment,

response to lood conditions and biodiversity

enhancement.

Develop a diverse hierarchy of landscape cover typesThe goal of every planting restoration design should be

to restore as much forest as is feasible to each riverfront

site. A diverse mix of forest, woodland, shrubland and

meadow will give signiicant beneits – maximum shade,

oxygen production, carbon sequestration, biodiversity

habitat and pollution and stormwater mitigation – to the

urban environment.

Replace paved surfaces and lawn with plants and porous materialsWith a large percentage of the urban environment paved

with impervious surfaces, plants can play a signiicant role

in decreasing stormwater runoff and improving water

quality. Tree canopies intercept precipitation as it falls and

decrease the amount of runoff leaving a site, even when

the understorey is paved beneath the drip line of a tree.

Where the ground is pervious, plantings help maintain

less compact soil with the growth and death of roots. Soil

that is less compact will absorb more precipitation and

therefore create less runoff. Plants along a riverbank not

only reduce the velocity of surface runoff but also purify

the groundwater before it reaches the river by absorbing

nutrients.

Policy for Planting DesignMaintain canopy trees along the entire riverbank to the

fullest extent possible


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Intent Imagery for Proposed Vegetation

Aquat

ic P

lants

Tre

e a

s fo

cal poin

t

Untouched Forest Walk

Tree Avenue

Tree Avenue

Entrance

Entrance

Boar

dw

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Flowering Shrubs

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Ecological ZoneSolar Park

Adaptive ReuseIndraprastha Power Plant

Ecological ZoneBoardwalk/Birdwatch Trail

Welcome Zone IIWeekly Haat

Cultural/ReligiousChhath Maidan

Welcome Zone ITrain Entrance Plaza

Adaptive ReuseRailway Line

Adaptive Reuse Zone

Welcome Zone

Cultural/Religious Zone

Ecological ZoneKey Plan - Conceptual Zones

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1. Entrance

2. Parking

3. Welcome Zone (Weekly Haat)

4. Mela Ground For Chhath Puja

5. Chhath Puja Ghat (Existing)

6. Solar Farm

7. Eco Area – Boardwalk/Birdwatch Trail

8. Pond

9. Viewing Platform (Existing Embankments)

10. Plaza

11. Grand Lawn – Open Exhibition Space

12. Amphitheatre

13. Exhibition Centre

14. Cafés

15. Railwaytrack

16. Entrance Court

17. Pedestrian/Bike Trail along Nullah

18. Adaptive Reuse IP Powerplant

•TheRiverfrontisenvisionedtobeaplaceofgreatdiversity,offeringactivitiesthroughouttheseasonsforpeopleofall ages.

•ConnectionofexistingtrailstotheRiverfront;creationofnewtrailsthatleaduserstotheRiverfront.•Recognizingloodplainsasecologicallyfragileareas;maintainingtheopenagriculturalcharacteroftheriverbank.•Promotedevelopmentofvegetationalbeltsintheloodplainareaforimprovingwaterqualityandenhancementof

biodiversity

•Useofloodplainareatoaugmenttreatmentofpollutionfromdiffusedsources.

The site is divided into three distinct zones (Refer page 24).

• EcologicallySensitiveZone(70.25%)• IntensiveDevelopment(28.18%)• AdaptiveReuse(1.5%)

Initial sketch looking at entrance from the road

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3.6 Design Proposal - Plan

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Section AA’ Through Nullah View B: Looking at the Food Kiosks

Pedestrian Entrance Plaza (Welcome Zone)

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View A: View of the Entrance Plaza with the Railway Track

Entrance from the Road

Train Entrance PlazaThis area would have direct access – only pedestrian – from the Ring Road from Node 1(refer 3.2: Entrance Nodes,

page 54). There would be electronic trams running from the parking lot to the Entrance Plaza. It can also be accessed

via the pedestrian connection created along the Nullah running parallel to IP Metro station. Another close parking

location is the existing IP Metro station parking lot. A bridge created over the Nullah will provide access to the

Entrance Plaza from this location.

Activities in this area include a ticket counter for the train ride, food kiosks and seating plaza.

Electronic Trams – Running from Parking Lot to the Entrance Plaza(Source: Disney Theme Park)

Key Plan

Toy Train Reference Images (Source: Disney Theme Park)

Welcome Zone One: Train Entrance Plaza’

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Weekly Haat View

Weekly Haat Plan

Entrance Plaza (Weekly Haat)

There are lots of vegetable and fruit vendors on the Old ITO Bridge. All these vendors can be accommodated in the

weekly ‘haat’ market, where they would be provided space to sell their produce once a week like a weekly farmers’

market.

For the rest of the days the space could be utilized by artists and craftsmen as exhibition space.

This space has access from node 5 directly (page 54) and has an adjacent parking lot (page 55) for ease of carrying

purchased goods.

Chhath Maidan View

Chhath Maidan Plan

Pictures of existing maidan during Festival

Chhath Maidan

The preferred use proposed for this area is for more

passive activities such as picnicking, biking, walking and the

like. There are two other suggested active uses for this

location. First, it was felt that the large open space would

adapt well to use as a concert and festival venue during

Chhath Puja. It could also be used during other festivals like

Durga Puja, Ganesh Visarjan, Dussehra.

There will be good pedestrian and bicycle access, with

limited vehicular movement. This area is accessible from

entrance node 5 & 6 (page 54).

Religious/Cultural Zone : ‘Chhath Maidan’ Intensive Development: Welcome Zone Two: Weekly ‘Haat’

Key Plan

Initial Concept SketchKey Plan

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Initial Design Study – IP Metro Station Crossover

Initial Design Study – Section

Study Section showing railway track, pedestrian & bike pathways and board overlooking the river

Initial Design Study – Decorative Paving Pattern

(Source: NILA Architecture Firm)View Integrating river edge and rail corridor

Intensive Development: Railway Line Corridor

Birds eye view of site from Indraprastha Marg

Key Plan

Adaptive Reuse – Railway Line

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Bird’s-eye View

Initial Study: Intensive Development Corridor

The Intensive Development Corridor would be designed along the existing railway line. It will have a mix of on-street cafés and art shops.


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Eye-level view of the street

Initial Study – Intensive Development Corridor

Intensive Development Corridor is envisioned as a space with cafés along the pedestrian pathway

and sidewalks with kiosks


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Observation Platform – Initial Study

Boardwalk/Birdwatch TrailMuch of the Yamuna Riverfront has been envisioned

to remain as natural preserve area. This will require a

signiicant commitment to the removal of noxious and

invasive plants and a revegetation and management plan.

Areas such as the existing ly-ash pond are the primary

candidates for this effort, so that these areas can be

revived ecologically.

It is proposed to have a boardwalk system that

meanders though the wetland and extends to an

overlook on the lake.

This boardwalk will provide an accessible route from

the entrance node 4 and 5 (Refer Section 3.2 Entrance

Node, Page 54).

In addition to the boardwalk, overlooks and benches,

a learning pavilion is also proposed to create a shade

canopy within the wetland and allow for outdoor

classroom space. During invasive plant removal and

revegetation there will be opportunities to educate the

public about invasive plants and how they destroy native

habitats, the advantages of a healthy wetland and the lora

and fauna that can exist within a wetland.

This walk is proposed to allow for enjoyment of the

river birdlife and associated vegetation.

The at-grade boardwalk will provide daily access to this

portion of the site regardless of weather conditions, while

limiting the pedestrian impact to this ecosystem.

Boardwalk/Birdwatch Trail

Boardwalk Reference Image

Initial Study – Section through the proposed Lake and the Forest Trail

Reference Images for the Forest Trail, Boardwalk and water edge

Boardwalk Plan

Bloomingdale Line in Chicago

Ecological Zone : Boardwalk

Key Plan

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Initial Design Study

Adaptive Reuse – Solar ParkA Solar Park has been proposed where the existing

power grid is located.

The development of affordable, inexhaustible and

clean solar energy technologies will have huge long-

term beneits. It will increase the country’s energy

security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible

and mostly import-independent resource, enhance

sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of

mitigating climate change, and keep fossil fuel prices lower

than otherwise.

This area is directly accessible from Node 4 (page 54).

Image Source: Google

AmphitheatreThe Amphitheatre extends the adaptive reuse function

(Art Exhibition Space at ground loor, see page 94) of the

IP Power Plant building and forming an interactive space

for the public.

The grand lawn serves as an open exhibition space and

provides a link between the IP Power Plant building and

the amphithetre.

Nodes 2, 3 (page 54) provide direct access to this area.

Solar panels:

1. The sun’s rays do not cost money

2. Fast and eficient way to collect energy

3. No CO2 emissions

4. No harm to the environment

5. Reduce electricity Aerial View of Grand Lawn and Amphitheatre

Ecological Zone : Solar Park Grand Lawn and Amphitheatre

Key Plan AmphitheatreSolar ParkKey Plan

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Status of Thermal Power StationAt present the Thermal Power Station has an outer

envelope building near the Ring Road. Steel sheds, various

sheds, hoppers, training centre building, tanks and various

other permanent and semi-permanent structures exist

behind the front envelope. It is proposed to develop the

front envelope building into the oficial complex (without

dismantling it) by making the suitable changes within the

envelope, while the rest of the buildings, semi-permanent

structures etc., will be demolished.

By doing the above proposed renovation we may get the

following tangible and intangible beneits:

• The government will get the additional space

for subordinate ofices, various commissions and

corporations etc.

• By renovating the front envelope and demolishing the

other small structures from the premises, the ground

coverage will be reduced.

• It is proposed to landscape the area by creating plazas

and plantation of suitable species of trees by which the

greenery and aesthetics of the area will be enhanced.

Ofice Atrium

PublicAtrium

Pedestrian ConnectionsTo The Park

Site Entry And Connections

IP Power Plant Connectivity

(Image Source: NILA Architecture Firm) Approximate Floor Area = 20000 sq m

There is an opportunity to revitalize a part of the site by redeining the function through form of the built mass.

Creating connection to the River

Existing Building Envelope

Evolution of the Building

Existing Edge Condition

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Towards Ring Rd.

Towards River

Existing Building Elevation

Adaptive Reuse: IP Power Plant

Key Plan

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(Source: NILA Architecture Firm)

Before After

(Source: NILA Architecture Firm)

WORK ZONE + ATRIUM + CULTURAL ZONE + GREEN CONNECTIONS

Existing Space Proposed Space

TowardsRing Road

TowardsRiver

Revised Urban Typology (Ofice overlapped with Cultural and Landscape Interface)

Adaptive Reuse: IP Power Plant

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Rivers provide critically important

ecosystem services to society, and

play an essential role in maintaining

the structure, function, and integrity

of landscapes in which the rivers

reside.

Better understanding of the

patterns and processes in river

systems requires a broader landscape

approach that goes beyond the

traditional linear and longitudinal

focus.

Such a landscape approach is

especially important for effectively

restoring and managing damaged

and/or degraded rivers.

Elemental reverence for water

as a basis for life, and the deep

cultural and experiential bonds

that water evokes. The site will

blend recreational space and

industrial incubator spaces, marrying

environmental sustainability and

economic redevelopment, with

ecologically restorative water

management and loodplain

restoration as the main concern.

This place will be ‘the’ place for all

families to spend their weekends or

evenings.

Create Identity: Educate the City

Using cultural landscape as an opportunity to increase public awareness about

the natural and cultural history of the river, thereby creating identity for the

region.

Yamuna River at present is the city’s backyard.

It is an asset to enjoy not avoid.

Restore the original ecological

integrity of the area.

Design Conclusion

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A loodplain is an area near a river or a stream which loods when the water

level reaches lood stage.

Floodplains can support particularly rich ecosystems, both in quantity and

diversity.

Floodplains in Delhi

Floodplain is a narrow strip braided by bunds extending to 94.84 sq km

(including river channel 19.31 sq km).

Forests and agriculture are the dominant land uses covering more than 90%

of the areas

45 water bodies including lakes, pools, ponds and puddles etc., identiied play

important roles in biodiversity.

Aquatic vegetation spread all across the loodplain, particularly in Okhla is of

signiicant ecological importance.

(Source: Slideshare, Ritesh Kumar, Wetland International-South Asia)

A barrage is a type of low-head diversion dam which consists of a number

of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water

passing through the structure, and thus regulate and stabilize river water

elevations upstream for use in irrigation and other systems.

The Yamuna in Delhi has three major barrages leading to delineation of four

zones within the river stretch:

Wazirabad Barrage

ITO Barrage

Okhla Barrage

It begins by deining open space as space within the urban environment which

is readily available to the community regardless of its size, design or physical

features and which is primarily intended for amenities or physical recreation,

whether active or passive.

‘Landscape’ is deined as a zone or area as perceived by local people or

visitors, whose visual features and character are the result of the action of

natural and/or cultural (that is, human) factors. This deinition relects the idea

that landscapes evolve through time, as a result of being acted upon by natural

forces and human beings. It also underlines that a landscape forms a whole,

whose natural and cultural components are taken together, and not separately.

The distinct and recognizable pattern of elements that occurs consistently in a

particular type of landscape.

The individual components which make up the landscape, including, for

example, hills, valleys, rivers, woods, trees, hedges, buildings and roads. Because

they are physical and visible, they can be measured and quantiied, and they

can be described in an objective way

The term ‘sense of place’ captures the identity of places we recognize. It

embraces natural and cultural features, the distinctive sights, sounds and

experiences rooted to that place, its atmosphere and people. Places with a

strong ‘sense of place’ have a clear identity and character that is recognizable

by inhabitants and visitors alike.

A boardwalk (board walk, boarded path, promenade) is a constructed

pedestrian walkway designed as walking paths and trails over bogs and

wetlands and above fragile ecosystems; it is usually built with wood.

Urban density is a term used in urban planning and urban design to refer to

the number of people inhabiting a given urbanized area. As such it is to be

distinguished from other measures of population density. Urban density is

considered an important factor in understanding how cities function. Research

related to urban density occurs across diverse areas, including economics,

health, innovation, psychology and geography as well as sustainability.

The MPD emphasizes on rejuvenation of the Yamuna River and its

conservation as an important resource for the city of Delhi.

The Riverfront Development provides a unique opportunity for developing

a strong city image. Keeping this in view, broad urban design guidelines have

been formulated.

Two levels of urban design inputs are envisaged:

i) Riverfront Development: At present the width of the river bed varies

between 1.5 kms to 3.0 kms and at most sections neither the water

course nor the opposite banks are visible. In order to integrate the river

within the larger framework of the city and to bring the river closer to the

citizens, at certain stretches, ‘aesthetic’ and ‘active’ riverfront development is

desirable. These stretches may comprise the following activities/uses with full

complement of recreational activities for all sections of citizens:

a) Bathing Ghats

b) Pedestrian Boulevards

c) Landscaped Venues

ii) Wherever feasible, for short stretches of 2.3 kms, light motorways may

be developed, suitably grade separated from the pedestrian corridors to

provide exclusively for pleasure drives. Strong emphasis needs to given to

selection and design of appropriate hard and soft landscapes, signage system

and outdoor furniture. Outdoor publicity in the form of large hoardings

should be totally discouraged. Restricted three-dimensional development

is envisaged in the central areas which have good locational potential and

are either comparatively free from inundation or can be made free from

inundation expeditiously and/or at low cost.

Terms & Deinitions

Floodplain

Barrage

Open Space

Landscape

Landscape

Character

Landscape

Elements

Sense of Place

Boardwalk

Urban Density

Master Plan Delhi 2021

Zonal Development Plan

Zone ‘O’

8.8 Urban Design

Terms and Deinitions

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Name Title Memorial name Meaning Area Feature

Mahatma Gandhi Father of the Nation Rajghat Royal Steps 44.35 Acres Black marble platform

Jawaharlal Nehru Prime Minister of India Shanti Van Garden of Peace 52.6 Acres A large plinth covered by a lawn

Lal Bahadur Shastri Prime Minister of India Vijay Ghat Victory Platform 40 Acres The victory alluded to in the name of the memorial is India’s performance under his leadership in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Sanjay Gandhi Member of Parliament - - - Located adjacent to Shanti Van

Indira Gandhi Prime Minister of India Shakti Sthal Place of Power 45 Acres A huge greyish-red monolithic stone

Jagjivan Ram Deputy Prime Minister of India Samta Sthal Place of Equality 12.5 Acres -

Choudhary Charan Singh Prime Minister of India Kisan Ghat Farmer’s Platform 19 Acres -

Rajiv Gandhi Prime Minister of India Veer Bhumi Land of Brave 15 Acres A large lotus in full bloom carved out of stone, surrounded by 46 small lotuses to signify the years he lived; rocks from all the states of India are spread around.

Giani Zail Singh President of India Ekta Sthal Place of Unity 22.56 Acres -

Shankar Dayal Sharma President of India Karma Bhumi Land of Duty - Located near Vijay Ghat

Chandra Shekhar Prime Minister of India Smiriti Sthal Place of Remembrance - -

IK Gujral Prime Minister of India Smiriti Sthal Place of Remembrance - -

Devi Lal Deputy Prime Minister of India Sangharsh Sthal Place of Struggle - Located near Kisan Ghat

(Source: Wikipedia)

List of Memorials at Rajghat Area

The complete list of Rajghat and associated memorials is as follows (mentioned in the chronological order of death):

Rajghat Inscription At Rajghat Shakti Sthal Veer Bhumi Memorial of Sanjay Gandhi

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(http://www.livemint.com/Politics/vEzME2yPlKhH1lJQz63EN/Clean-Yamuna-a-mission-impossible.html)

(http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/yamuna-river-vegetables-fecal-

coliform-bacteria-sewage-intestinal-problems/1/250623.html)

(http://timesoindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Hope-loats-as-work-on-Yamuna-

picks-up/articleshow/19210909.cms)

The Yamuna might soon get a new lease of life with

Delhi Development Authority’s ambitious riverfront

development project being put on fast track. The project

will include creation of recreational spaces, revival of the

river’s lora and fauna and development of green spaces.

(March 27, 2013; Times of India; Richi Verma)

DO - Dissolve oxygen in water

BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand

FC - Indicates that the water is contaminated with human

or animal waste

TC - Total Coliform (http://www.livemint.com/Politics/RfuDIpUF3JBDEnf75m3GoK/Yamunas-sewage-burden.html)

Numerous studies have been done and articles written

on the state of River Yamuna’s quality of water and how

it in turn affects the quality of urban life in the capital

city.

According to an expert committee appointed by the SC,

the total installed sewage treatment capacity in Delhi is

2,460 million litres per day (MLD) as against the sewage

generation of about 3,800 MLD.

According to the committee’s report, 1,360 million

litres of sewage water low into the river each day mainly

from Najafgarh drain. Much of the 850 million gallons

of water that Delhi needs every day comes from the

Yamuna River. In return, the city cleans up about 544.72

million gallons of the wastewater it generates and allows

the rest to low into the river untreated. A Central

Pollution Control Board report pointed out that 45% of

the homes in Delhi are not even connected to a sewage

network, making the national capital one of the biggest

contributors to the river’s pollution.(source: livemint.com and indiatoday.com)

(source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk)

The multi-crore Yamuna Action Plan – the core project aimed at cleaning the 22 km stretch of the river along the

capital – has not yet shown any sign of improving the quality of the river, even years after its conception.

The Yamuna Action Plan at Delhi Phase I had a sanctioned project cost of Rs 152.21 crore. The Phase II of the

programme was formulated from January 2007 onwards. The total cost sanctioned was Rs 387.17 crore.

It was multilayered project under which facilities were to be created to ensure polluted water is kept away from the river.(source: dailymail.co.uk, By Mail Today Bureau in New Delhi)

Newspaper Articles on River Yamuna

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104 CITY LEVEL PROJECT

DDA Public Notice

Newspaper Articles on Yamuna

There has been a tremendous amount of work done for River Yamuna and several websites are dedicated to the

present plight of the river.

Here is a list of few such sites:

http://www.saveyamuna.org/

http://yamunakatha.blogspot.com/

http://dda.org.in/greens/biodiv/yamuna-biodiversity-park.html

http://www.azadindia.org/save-yamuna-campaign.html

http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/iles/NRCD/index.html

http://www.artoliving.org/meri-dilli-meri-yamuna

http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/crisis/River-yamuna.htm

http://www.brajfoundation.org/yamuna_revitalisation.html

http://www.yamunawaterkeeper.org/subject-tags/yamuna-action-plan

http://fore.research.yale.edu/iles/Sharma_and_Kansal-Yamuna_Action_Plan.pdf

http://www.rowfoundation.org/row/gysummary.html

http://moef.gov.in/report/0102/chap06.html#rd_nrcpgapry

Delhi Urban Art Commission

The Delhi Urban Art Commission was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1973

to “advise the Government of India in the matter of preserving, developing

and maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design within

Delhi and to provide advice and guidance to any local body in respect of any

project of building operations or engineering operations or any development

proposal which affects or is like to affect the skyline or the aesthetic quality of

the surroundings or any public amenity provided therein”.


fnYyh uxj dyk vk;ksxDelhi Urban Art Commission

Tel: 24619593, 24618607, 24690821, 24636191, Fax: 24648970

Email: [email protected] Website: www.duac.org


Yamuna river front

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