XTR Consulting: A SOHO Network with Dedicated Servers Chapter 1b Panko’s Business Data Networks...
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Transcript of XTR Consulting: A SOHO Network with Dedicated Servers Chapter 1b Panko’s Business Data Networks...
XTR Consulting: A SOHO Network with Dedicated Servers
Chapter 1b
Panko’sBusiness Data Networks and Telecommunications, 5th editionCopyright 2005 Prentice-Hall
2Figure 1b-1: XTR Consulting’s Network Versus Pat Lee’s Network
Pat Lee’s HomeNetwork
XTR Consulting’sSmall Office Network
Number of Client PCs 2 PCs Plus aNotebook PC
17 User PCs
File Service Peer-to-Peer Dedicated Server Systems Administration
Access Router andEthernet Switch
Combined Separate BoxesAccess Router Has Firewall
Print Service Peer-to-Peer Print Servers
3Figure 1b-2: Peer-to-Peer Service Versus Dedicated Servers
Peer-to-Peer Networks Clients serving other clients
Inexpensive--no need to purchase a dedicated server
Operational problems for other users if a user PC is turned off or crashes
Poor security: No password or shared password for shared directories
4Figure 1b-2: Peer-to-Peer Service Versus Dedicated Servers, Continued
Server Technology
PC Servers and Network Operating Systems (NOSs)
Standard PC architectures but
More RAM
Large and fast hard disk drives
Redundant power supplies andfans
Multiple processors(multiprocessing) PC Server
5Figure 1b-2: Peer-to-Peer Service Versus Dedicated Servers, Continued
Server Technology PC Servers and Network
Operating Systems (NOSs)
Network operating systems (NOSs) are server operating systems that have more functions and reliability than client operating systems
NOS forPC Server
6Figure 1b-2: Peer-to-Peer Service Versus Dedicated Servers, Continued
Server Technology Workstation Servers
Fast (and expensive) custom microprocessors for an expensive computer
Unix Extremely reliable Difficult to learn Not standardized
Unix
Sun Workstations Server
7Figure 1b-2: Peer-to-Peer Service Versus Dedicated Servers, Continued
Server Technology Mainframe Servers
Faster, more reliable, and more expensive than workstation servers
Require a large systems programming staff
SystemsProgrammers
Mainframe
8Figure 1b-2: Peer-to-Peer Service Versus Dedicated Servers, Continued
Server Technology Server Farms
Group of PC servers or workstation servers
HTTP-1 HTTP-2 HTTP-3 FTP-1
9Figure 1b-3: Server Farm with Load-Balancing Router
Load-BalancingRouter
HTTP-1 HTTP-2 HTTP-3 FTP-1
Load-balancingrouter selectshost on the
basis ofload and
applicationssupportedby the host
10Figure 1b-3: Server Farm with Load-Balancing Router, Continued
Benefits of Server Farms
ScalabilityAdd server capacity as needed
Reliability If one server fails, system continues to work with
slightly less processing power
11Figure 1b-4: Popular PC Server Network Operating Systems (NOSs)
MicrosoftWindows Server
LINUX Novell NetWare
Ease of Learning
Very Good Poor Good
Ease of Use Very Good Poor Good
ReliabilityVery Good in
recent versionsExcellent Very Good
Standardization
Availability ofDevice Drivers
Purchase Price
Excellent
Excellent
Moderate
Poor (ManyDistributions)
Poor
Low or Free
Excellent
Very Good
Higher thanWindows
ManagementLabor
Moderate HighHigher than
Windows
12Figure 1b-5: Microsoft Windows 2003 Server User Interface
3.Explorer,Recycle
Bin
4. Can Run Client Windows Programs
1.Start
Button2.
All Programs
13Figure 1b-5: Microsoft Windows 2003 Server User Interface, Continued
1.Most Administrative Tools
Are Accessed Via
Start / Administrative Tools(Individual Tools)
2.Or Via
Start / Manage Your Server(Wizard)
14Figure 1b-6: Microsoft Management Console
3. 4.
Individual toolsare organizedas MicrosoftManagement
Consoles (MMCs),which havea fixed basic
organization, togive ease of
learning
15Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions
Accounts
Have usernames and passwords
Accounts are assigned permissions in directories
Whether the account holder can go to a directory at all
What the account holder can do in the directory if permitted to go there
16Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions, Continued
Microsoft Windows Permissions
No PermissionsCannot even see the directory
List Folder ContentsAllows the account owner to see the contents of a
folder (directory)
ReadRead-only access. Without further permissions,
the account owner cannot change the files
17Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions, Continued
Microsoft Windows Permissions Write
Edit the contents of files
ModifyGives additional permissions to act upon files, for
example the permission to delete a file, which is not included in Write
Read and ExecuteAccount can run a program
18Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions, Continued
Microsoft Windows Permissions Full Control
Is an omnibus permission. It is equal to all of the above permissions
19Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions, Continued
Unix Permissions Read (only)
Write
Execute (run programs)
20Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions, Continued
Windows List folder contents
Read
Write
Modify
Read and Execute
Full Control
Granular for precise access control
Unix Read
Write
Execute
Crude access control
21Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions, Continued
Windows can assign different permissions for a file or directory to Many different individual
accounts
Many different group accounts
Unix can only assign different permissions for a file or directory to The owner
One group
Everyone else
Flexible access control Inflexible access control
22Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions, Continued: Recap
Windows
6 major permissions
Can assign different permissions to many individuals and groups
Highly flexible
Unix
Only 3 major permissions
Can only assign different permissions to the owner, one group, and the rest of the world
Highly inflexible
23Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions, Continued
Administrator Account in Windows Necessary for systems administration
Systems administration is the management of one or more servers
Not necessarily all servers
Dangerous in terms of securityHas all permissions in all directories
Comparable account in Unix is root
24Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions, Continued
Reducing the Work of Assigning Permissions to All Accounts in All Directories Groups
Assign permissions to groups; all group members receive the permission
Faster than assigning permission to individuals
Group:Marketing
WriteIn Marketing
Directory
Ochoa
Chen
Williams
WriteIn Marketing
Directory
25Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions, Continued
Reducing the Work of Assigning Permissions Inheritance: permissions are inherited by
subdirectories to reduce permission assignment work
Public Directory
TrainingMapsPolicies
Personnel Discipline
Group Everyone Gets Read
ReadRead Read
ReadNo Inheritance
26Figure 1b-8: Assigning Directory Permissions in Windows Server 2003
1.SelectedDirectory
3. User or Group(Power Users)
4. PowerUser
Permissions
5.
2. 6.
27Figure 1b-9: File Service for Data Files
Save
Retrieve
User A User B User C
No Access
File Server with Programand Data Files
28Figure 1b-10: File Server Program Access
1.ProgramStored onFile Server File
Server
2.Program
Downloadedto Client PCWhen Called
3.ProgramExecuted
onClient PC
Client PC
29Figure 1b-11: File Server Program Access and Program Installation
2. Programdownloaded to
Client PCswhen called
1. Programis installedonly once,on a fileserver
FileServer
Client PC
Client PC
3. No needto installon eachclient PC
3. No needto installon eachclient PC
4.This process greatly reduces
software installation andupgrading costs
30Figure 1b-12: Print Server Operation
Hub orSwitch
Client PC
UTP up to100 m Print
Server Printer
Parallel or USB Cable1-2 meters
Print server feeds print jobs to the printer
Print server connects to printer viaparallel or USB cable,so only 1-2 meters from the printer
Print server connects to port on switch via UTP,so maximum distance to switch is 100 meters
31Figure 1b-12: Print Server Operation, Continued
Hub orSwitch
Client PC
Network-CapablePrinter
(with built-inprint server)
UTP up to 100 m
UTP up to100 m Print
Server Printer
Parallel Cable1-2 meters
Some high-end printersare network-capable,with built-in print servers
Connect directly to the switch
32Figure 1b-12: Print Server Operation, Continued
Hub orSwitch
UTP upto 100 m
Client PC
Printer
File Server acting as Print Server
UTP up to100 m Print
Server Printer
1-2m
Parallel Cable1-2 meters
File servers can act as print servers;But file servers are rarely near users
33Figure 1b-13: Print Server (Photo)
RJ-45Port
Parallelor USB
Port
PowerSupply
Port
Parallel or USBCable to PrinterRJ-45 Cord
to Switch Port
34Topics Covered
Dedicated Servers
PC servers, workstation servers, and mainframes
Server farms and load-balancing routers
NOSs for PC servers: Windows Server, Linux (a version of Unix), and NetWare
35Topics Covered
Accounts, usernames, and permissions
Windows versus Unix permissions
Server farms and load-balancing routers
NOSs for PC servers: Windows Server, Linux, and NetWare
Groups and automatic inheritance
36Topics Covered
File Servers Sharing data files
File server program access
Print Servers Between the switch and the printer