xs Zx  gzZw DZ - NIHCR

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Z D w Z z g  x Z s x * g f * * This article deals with Allama Iqbal's perception of Islam as a moving force for the Muslims. He presents Islam as a complete code of life. The author throws light on the progressive aspects of Islam which is not in conflict with modernity and modern day world's system. Being a great scholar and philosopher, Iqbal finds the solution of each and every problem which the world is facing in general and Muslim world in particular. According to him it is only the religion Islam which provides a simple and more beneficial solution to the problem of every society if its implementation is ensured. Š * ä # b Z ¨ K + M Ð 0 ¹ Ð Š " n X Ó # Ö / g e $ Ô ú Z è Ô W % e $ p Z y ~ Ð Ã ð Š / Ì Z ¨ K + M Æ Š g Š » Š g â V : 0 e X Z ¨ K + M Z z g i c * Š { i 1 V q à » D g ƒ C ˆ X ´ ) Z D w ë ÷ ā Z y Š 1 V Æ ´ z { Š * W ` Ð a Š { Î ' , k ¬ Z q - Z z g Š / Ì _ ì X Z s ò  x Z q - ¹ ¿ Ï æ ] Æ a Š * Æ Z q - ¸ ~ / Ç Ü Ä g Z { * * Ç ƒ Z å Z z g Z k  x ä Z ¨ K + M » C Ù Š Ä Š z g Š c * Z z g z { Z k Æ C Ù i n » % ë 0 Š H X Z D w Æ Z ° g Z z g ì Ñ ] » Z ¤ / t H Y ñ  ¥ x ƒ Ç ā Z y Æ ì w ~ Z s x 4 + Ÿ § ] ì X Z D w » à t t å ā Z ¨ K + M Æ g z v » z Z u i Z s x Z z g Ü s Z s x ì X t Z ¸ Z x z ^ Å Ô t g 8 - z ± Å W z m , l Ô t F Z z g { 0 + Z y Å k B Z z g t o z ¸ x Å Ö ¯ g U » ƒ $ Ë ì X Z ¤ / Z s x Z ¨ K y Å ¸ è Z z g z ƒ 4 3 ï E G G 0 Y ñ i 0 + Ï ½ z { Z k 6 , z W Ô Í g ¯ » Ò ' , Z ñ p Z & » g { : ! * i Z g Ô ß W ! * Š X *

Transcript of xs Zx  gzZw DZ - NIHCR

Page 1: xs Zx  gzZw DZ - NIHCR

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This article deals with Allama Iqbal's perception of Islam as a

moving force for the Muslims. He presents Islam as a complete code of life.

The author throws light on the progressive aspects of Islam which is not in

conflict with modernity and modern day world's system. Being a great

scholar and philosopher, Iqbal finds the solution of each and every

problem which the world is facing in general and Muslim world in

particular. According to him it is only the religion Islam which provides a

simple and more beneficial solution to the problem of every society if its

implementation is ensured.

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Page 9: xs Zx  gzZw DZ - NIHCR

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Page 10: xs Zx  gzZw DZ - NIHCR

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Page 12: xs Zx  gzZw DZ - NIHCR

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Page 14: xs Zx  gzZw DZ - NIHCR

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Page 16: xs Zx  gzZw DZ - NIHCR

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5. K.G Saiydian, Iqbal's Educatioal Philosophy, Bombay, p. 75.

6. Syed Ameer Ali, The Spirit of Islam , Karachi, Pakistan Publishing House, 1982,

p. 288.

7. H. A. R Gibb, Islam, New York, OUP, 1987, p. 3.

8. Franz Rosenthal, (tr.) Muqaddimah, Vol I, Bollingen Series, New York, 1958, p.

91.

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11. Seymour Gonne Vessey Fitzgerald, Muhammaden Law, Scientia Verleg,

Washington, 1979, p. 90.

12. Shaltout Mahmud, edited by Kenneth. W. Margan, Islam-The Straight Path, New

York 1958. p. 89.

13. W.A Punning, New York 1930, p. 298.

14. Abul'alla Maududi, Islamic Law and Constitution, (tr.) Khurshid Ahmad,

Lahore,1960, p. 79.

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18. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, The Reconstruction of Religions Thought in Islam,

Lahore, She. Muhammad Ashraf, 1982, p. 148.

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