Aim

To understand the working of XOR (Exclusive or gate) using p-n junction diodes and to design a circuit of XOR gate using diodes, LED and suitable resistances.

Introduction and principle of a XOR gate

The gates like OR, AND and NOT gates can not be used in making of ICs. So we need some gates which can work as different mathematical operators and can perform desired functions. XOR, XNOR, NAND and NOR are used to design ICs.

Apparatus used

p-n junction diode (IN 4007)

Circuit board

Wires

9V battery and battery connector

LED (5mm, 1.5V)

Resistors

Push button type toggle switch

Theory and working

1.)Working of p-n junction diode in forward and reverse biasing

2.)XOR gate and its working

Uses of XOR gate

Used in making ICs applied in calculators, counters

Conclusion

The output of XOR gate according to the logic table.

Sources of errors

Write yourself

Precautions

Keep away from high voltage current.

Bibliography

NCERT textbook of class 12

Physics by S.L.Arora

Circuits available on internet