XML & Library Applications

ELAG 2001

Poul Henrik Jørgensen, phj@dbc.dk

Danish Bibliographic Centre, www.dbc.dk

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Objective

To identify family of relevant XML standards

To describe existing use of XML standards within important Bibliographic IT standards

To identify future development of Bibliographic IT standards based on XML standards

Not an introductory course in the XML standards themselves!

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Content

XML Standards OverviewMajor benefits of XMLMARC formats and XMLZ39.50 and XML formatsInterlibrary Loan transactions in XMLNISO Circulation Interchange Protocol and XMLZML: Z39.50 as XML ProtocolRDF: Semantic Web and Metadata

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XML Standards Overview

Family of related standards from W3C

XML: Representation of hierarchical data

XML Schema: Specification of XML structure

XHTML: Presentation/display of data

DOM: Internal representation of XML

XSLT/XPath: Transformation of XML

RDF: Relationships between Objects and Classes

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Major benefits of XML

Easy to understand by humans – as well as by computers

Supported by all mainstream IT vendors

Handles hierarchical information well

Can be edited by simple tools

Many IT people knows XML

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OAI MARC XML Schema

Developed for Open Archives InitiativeSimilar to limited ISO 2709 structureSingle Field element type containing single Subfield element typeField- and Subfield instances identified by attribute valuesSuitable for exchange and conversionshttp://www.openarchives.org/OAI/oai_marc.xsd

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MARC XML Schemas

Developed for VisualCat and ONE-2 projectSimilar to LC MARC DTDEach possible combination of Field and Subfield specified as separate XML Element TypesdanMARC2: 164 MARC Fields and 1189 SubfieldsSuitable for automatic syntax validationSchemas for MARC21 (British Library), UNIMARC (Italian SBN) and danMARC2 (DBC)

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VisualCat MARC21 Schema

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Z39.50 and XML formats

CompSpec option may specify Record Syntax, Schema, and Element Specification: recordSyntax identifies format, e.g. XML (OID= 1.2.840.10003.5.109.10)Schema identifies structure e.g. Holdings (OID=1.2.840.10003.13.7.1) elementSpec identifies subset, e.g. Level B-1: Minimal Bibliographic Level Holdings (ESN=”B1”)

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XML Schemas in Z39.50

Dublin Core XML format http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/bath/bp-app-d.htm http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/dc.xsd

ExplainLite XML DTD http://www.one-2.org/technical/ONE-ICONE-DTD-0001.dtd

Holdings XML Schema http://www.portia.dk/zholdings

/Holdings6a/HoldingsSchema6a_xsd/HoldingsSchema6a.htm

ES Task Package XML format

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Dublin Core (Bath Profile)

<record-list><dc-record>

<creator>some author</creator><creator>some author</creator><title>some title</title>

</dc-record><dc-record>

.....</dc-record>

</record-list>

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ExplainLite (VisualCat)

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Holdings XML (danZIG)<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!-- ZIG XML Holdings B-2/A danZIG example   --><!-- Produced by Poul Henrik Jorgensen 2001-05-21   --><holdingsStructure xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema-

instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://www.portia.dk/zholdings/Holdings6a/HoldingsSchema6a.xsd"><bibItemInfo-1 targetItemId-3="001 field in DanBib" /><!-- holdingsStatement repeated for each location   --><holdingsStatement-4 unionCatShelfMark-9="Local Shelf Mark" holdingsNotes-25="Holdings of serials">

<holdingsSiteLocation-6 targetLocationId-26="Identificator in local system" institutionOrSiteId-27="Library Number" networkAddress-33="Z39.50URL" siteNotes-34="Availability" />

<unionCatLendingInfo-19 servicePolicy-109="1 eller 2 cf. danZIG note" />

</holdingsStatement-4></holdingsStructure>

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ILL transactions in XML

ICCU/SBN system offers XML Item-Order request messages (APDU) via E-mailONE-2 Profile of all ILL messages in XML http://www.portia.dk/pubs/ill/schema/illv2/

illv2.htm

New danZIG Profile using XML for Z39.50/ILL Profile 1

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Circulation Interchange Protocol

NISO Circulation Interchange Protocolhttp://www.niso.org/commitat.html

NCIP Data specified by XML DTD/Schema http://www.portia.dk/pubs/NCIP/NCIP_v0_1a.xsd

Adapted to SOAP/WSDL http://www.portia.dk/pubs/NCIP/

PortTypes.wsdl

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ZML Objectives

Initiative by Library of Congress and others

Leverage investments in existing Z39.50 Services and specifications

Simplify Z39.50 implementation

Facilitate interoperability with other relevant standards

Foster migration of Z39.50 functionality to mainstream IT technologies

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ZML: Z39.50 over SOAP

Protocol elements encoded as XML StructuresRelevant Z39.50 Services mapped to SOAP Request/Response functions over HTTPSearch/Present and other services simplifiedExisting Web-to-Z gateways may be enhanced with SOAP-to-Z gatewaysDraft specifications to be presented at ZIG in October 2001 at British Library in York

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Semantic Web and RDF

RDF is part of W3C Semantic Web Activity http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Activity

Defines relationships and attributes of electronic resourcesCan represent any metadata schema, e.g. Dublin Core or IFLA FRBR metadataRDF is expressed by directed graphs or XMLRDF is used to represent Authority Data and other metadata

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FRBR RDF graph (VisualCat)

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Summary

XML offers many inherent advantages as data format

XML standards are already implemented in relation to MARC, Z39.50, ILL and NCIP

Next generation of Z39.50 (i.e. ZML) will most likely be based on XML standards

”Digital Libraries may be the killer application for RDF”