X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS)...
-
Upload
elfreda-ford -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
0
Transcript of X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS)...
![Page 1: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
X-ray tube
![Page 2: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR
METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING (LEAD+ METAL
SHIELDING)
![Page 3: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
TUBE OPERATION
![Page 7: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
THE CATHODE IS A COMPLEX DEVICE AND CAN BE REFFERED TO AS THE CATHODE ASSEMBLY. THIS
ASSEMBLY CONSISTS OF THE FILAMENTS, FOCUSING CUP, AND
ASSOCIATED WIRING.
![Page 8: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
THE FILAMENT IS A SMALL COIL OF THIN THORIATED TUNGSTEN WIRE. 1%-2% OF
THORIUM INCREASES EFFICIENCY OF THERMIONIC EMISSION. THE WIRE IS
ABOUT 0.1 - 0.2mm THICK AND 7-15 mm LONG. TUNGSTEN IS A MATERIAL OF
CHOICE BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH MELTING POINT-3410 C . RHENIUM
( 3170C) AND MOLYBDENUM (2,620 C) CAN ALSO BE USED.
![Page 9: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
TUNGSTEN
Z # 74
MELTING POINT- 3,410 DEG. CELSIUS
![Page 10: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
THORIUM
Z # 90
![Page 11: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
DUAL FILAMENT
![Page 12: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FILAMENT
![Page 13: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
SCHEMATIC OF DUAL FILAMENT
![Page 14: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
SELECTION OF COLD FILAMENT TUBES
![Page 15: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MOST DIAGNOSTIC TUBES HAVE DUAL FILAMENT
![Page 16: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
A TUNGSTEN FILAMENT WILL NOT EXHIBIT SIGNIFICANT
THERMIONIC EMISSION BELOW
2,200 C
![Page 17: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NOT ALL OF THE ELECTRONS THERMIONICALLY EMITTED FROM
THE FILAMENT ARE ATTRACTED TO ANODE. SMALL % WILL EVAPORATE AND CAUSE THE TUBE ARCING. AS A RESULT OF THIS, THE TUBE BREAKS
DOWN.
![Page 19: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ANOTHER MAJOR CAUSE OF TUBE FAILURE IS THE BRAKING OF THE
FILAMENT ITSELF. FILAMENTS BECOME INCREASINGLY THIN AS
VAPORIZATION TAKES PLACE. WHEN ABOUT 10% OF THE DIAMETER HAS VAPORIZED, FILAMENT BECOMES
SUBJECT TO BREAKING.
![Page 20: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
AN AVERAGE DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY TUBE LIFE IS ONLY ABOUT 6-9 HOURS (10,000-20,000 EXPOSURE) AT NORMAL
FILAMENT HEATING LEVEL. ROUTINELY DELAYED EXPOSURES
WHILE THE FILAMENT IS ENDURING MAX. CURRENT SHORTEN TUBE LIFE
BY 50-60% ( DOWN TO 5,000-6,000 EXPOSURES)
![Page 21: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
THE FOCUSING CUP IS THE SHALLOW DEPRESSION IN THE
CATHODE ASSEMBLY DESIGNED TO HOUSE THE FILAMENT
![Page 22: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
MOST X-RAY TUBES HAVE THE FOCUSING CUP AT THE SAME
NEGATIVE POTENTIAL AS THE FILAMENT
![Page 23: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE TO USE HIGHER NEGATIVE POTENTIAL ON
THE CUP TO EVEN FURTHER DECREASE THE SIZE OF
ELECTRON BEAM. THIS TYPE OF FOCUSING CUP IS CALLED
BIASED
![Page 24: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
AS MORE AND MORE ELECTRONS BUILD UP IN THE AREA OF THE FILAMENT, THEIR NEGATIVE
CHARGES BEGIN TO OPPOSE THE EMISSION OF ADDITIONAL
ELECTRONS. THIS PHENOMENON IS CALLED THE SPACE CHARGE EFFECT
AND LIMITS X-RAY TUBES TO MAXIMUM mA ranges of 1,000-1,200 mA
![Page 25: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
FOCUSING CUP
![Page 26: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
THE ANODE IS THE +++++
SIDE OF THE X-RAY TUBE
![Page 27: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
FUNCTIONS OF ANODE:
• TARGET FOR PROJECTILE ELECTRONS• CONDUCTOR OF HIGH VOLTAGE FROM
THE CATHODE BACK TO X-RAY GENERATOR.
• PRIMARY THERMAL CONDUCTOR
![Page 28: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
THE ENTIRE ANODE IS COMPLEX DEVICE AND IS REFFERED TO AS ANODE ASSEMBLY. IT CONSISTS
OF:1. ANODE 2. STATOR 3. ROTOR
![Page 29: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
ANODE ASSEMBLY
![Page 30: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
TWO TYPES OF ANODES
STATIONARY
ROTATING
![Page 31: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
ANODES:
![Page 32: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ANODES:
![Page 33: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ANODE +++++
TUNGSTENTARGET
![Page 34: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
ANODE ANGLES: 5 – 15°
![Page 36: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
ANODE ANGLES:
![Page 37: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
LINE FOCUS PRINCIPLE
![Page 38: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
TUNGSTEN IS THE MATERIAL OF CHOICE FOR THE TARGET OF GENERAL USE X-RAY TUBES.
REASONS ARE:
• HIGH ATOMIC NUMBER ( Z#) 74. HIGH Z# INCREASED EFFICIENCY OF X-RAY PRODUCTION.
• HIGH MELTING POINT 3410 C • HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
![Page 39: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
SPECIALTY X-RAY TUBES FOR MAMMO. HAVE MOLYBDENUM & RHODIUM TARGETS BECAUSE OF
THEIR LOW K-SHELL CHARACTERISTIC X-RAY ENERGY
![Page 40: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
DURING NORMAL USE FOCAL TRACK REACHES TEMP. BETWEEN
1,000-2000 C
![Page 41: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
BECAUSE OF TUNGSTEN HIGH MELTING POINT, IT CAN
WITHSTAND NORMAL OPERATING TEMPS.RHENIUM PROVIDES MECHANICAL STRENGTH &
THERMAL ELASTICITY IN ROTATING ANODES
![Page 42: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
INDUCTION MOTOR ROTATES THE ANODE
![Page 43: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
INDUCTION MOTOR
ROTORSTATOR
![Page 44: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
ROTATION SPEED OF ANODES
• REGULAR TUBES 3,000-4,000 RPM
• HIGH PERFORMANCE 10,000-12,000 RPM
![Page 46: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
EFFECT OF THE FAILURE OF THE INDUCTION MOTOR
![Page 47: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
WHEN FIRST ACTIVATING AN X-RAY UNIT USE AN ANODE WARM
UP PROCEDURE.
![Page 48: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
FAILURE TO FOLLOW THE WARM-UP PROCEDURE CAN CAUSE THE
WHOLE ANODE TO CRACK.
![Page 49: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
MANY NEWER ANODES ARE
STRESS RELIEVED
• THEY DISSIPATE HEAT MORE EFFICIENTLY
• THEY DO NOT REQUIRE ELABORATE WARM-UP PROCEDURE
![Page 50: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
PITTING OF THE ANODE FROM EXTENDED USE
![Page 51: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
X-RAY PRODUCTION PROCESS IS VERY INEFFICIENT IN THE
DIAGNOSTIC RANGE. >99% OF ELECTRONS KINETIC ENERGY IS
CONVERTED TO HEAT & ONLY <1% RESULTS IN X-RAYS IN
MEDIUM RANGE KVP.
![Page 52: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
ELECTRONS TRAVEL FROM CATHODE TO ANODE WITH APPROX. ½ SPEED OF
LIGHT IN MEDIUM RANGE KVP ( 70-80KVP)
![Page 53: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
X-RAY BEAM FILTRATION
![Page 54: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
X-RAY BEAM IS FILTERED TO INCREASE ITS QUALITY AND
DECREASE THE PATIENT DOSE
![Page 55: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
FILTRATION TYPES
• INHERENT
• ADDED
![Page 56: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
INHERENT FILTERS ARE: TUBE WINDOW, OIL, HOUSING
PORT. APPROX. 0.5 mm OF Al equiv.
![Page 57: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
ADDED FILTERS ARE: Al PLATE, COLLIMATOR MIRROR, PLASTIC COVER. APPROX. 1-2 mm
Al equiv.
![Page 58: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
INHERENT
![Page 59: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
ADDED
![Page 60: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
TOTAL FILTRATION= INHERENT + ADDED
AT LEAST 2.5 mm AL equiv. FOR TUBES OPERATING
ABOVE 70 kVp
![Page 61: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
LEAKAGE RADIATION
RADIATION COMING THROUGH THE HOUSING. NO MORE THAN
100mR/ Hr AT 1m
![Page 62: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
X-RAY TUBE AND COLLIMATOR
![Page 63: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
COLLIMATION
• PBL
• CONES
• CYLINDERS
• DIAPHRAGMS
![Page 64: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
CONE
![Page 65: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
CYLINDER
![Page 66: X-ray tube THE TUBE CONSISTS OF CATHODE AND ANODE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GLASS ENVELOPE (PYREX GLASS) OR METAL ENVELOPE ENCASED IN A PROTECTIVE HOUSING.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b309/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
DIAPHRAGM