X-NANO

X-ray Waveguiding in Nanochannels: Fabrication, Experimental Proof of Concept, and Analysis of X-ray Propagation

The aim of this research project is to demonstrate experimentally X-ray waveguiding in nanochannels of various origins, such as carbon nanotubes and anodic porous alumina membranes, and to design new elements of X-ray optics for forming nanosized beams and beams of a large-aperture and small divergence.

S. Dabagov, G. Cappuccio, G. Cibin, D. Hampai, L. Terranova, V. Sessa

CollaborationCollaboration

The project is formed by the groups of the following Institutes and Universities:

• Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (Rome)

• University of Rome II “Tor Vergata”

• P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow)

• A.V. Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk)

• Institute of Applied Physics Problems, Belarus State University (Minsk)

• Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Newcastle• Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge

• Department of Electronic, Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Birmingham

Evolution of optics: from micro- down to nanoEvolution of optics: from micro- down to nano

GenerationGeneration Kind of opticsKind of optics Sizes: length&channel&energySizes: length&channel&energy

• 1st Assembled lens made of single capillaries 1 m & 1 mm & ≤ 10 keV

• 2nd Monolithic lens made of single capillaries 10-30 cm & 0.1-1 mm & ≤ 10 keV

• 3rd Assembled lens made of polycapillaries 10 cm & 10-50 m & ≤ 20 keV

• 4th Monolihic lens made of polycapillaries 4-10 cm & 1-10 m & ≤ 50 keV

• 5th Monolithic integral micro lens 1-3 cm & 0.3-1 m & ≤ 100 keV

Micro capillariesMicro capillaries NanotubesNanotubes

MicroMicro X-raysX-rays

NanoNano -rays (?)-rays (?)

Samples of X-Ray Nano-OpticsSamples of X-Ray Nano-Optics

Polycapillary technology

Ordered alumina pore arrays

Samples of X-Ray Nano-OpticsSamples of X-Ray Nano-Optics

(a) Molecular model and transmission electron image of single wall CNT and its growth bridging metal patterns; (b) Curly multiwall CNT; (c) vertically aligned multiwall CNT; (d) arrays of multiwall CNT; and (e) CNT-based electron sources fabricated with Thales Research and Tech.

Basics: down to bulk photon and neutron Basics: down to bulk photon and neutron channelingchanneling

mm

00

3

:101~

)10~(1

dmmd

c

<<÷>>→

<<

⊥

⊥

−

θθ : grazing incidence optics: grazing incidence optics

: from nm to : from nm to mm

: : surface channelingsurface channeling

nmnm

1~

~

0

0

d

d cd

⊥

=

θθ : diffraction angle approaches Fresnel angle: diffraction angle approaches Fresnel angle

: : bulk channelingbulk channeling

* * ChannelingChanneling: charged particles : charged particles crystals crystalsExample: eExample: e- captured by the string potential (smeared captured by the string potential (smeared atomic)atomic)

)~(1 angleLindhardEU

L −<<< ϕϕϕ

averaged potentialaveraged potential

Divergence – surface channelingDivergence – surface channeling

X-Ray channeling in nanotubesX-Ray channeling in nanotubes

TasksTasks

@1. Synthesis Synthesis of films of aligned carbon nanotubes of various diameters and

arrangement, and the multi-channel X-ray waveguides with large effective aperture (Queens University, Belfast; Cambridge University; Nikolaev Institute)

@ 2. Characterization of SamplesElemental and structural analysis of the probe samples(Belarus and Cambridge Universities, Novosibirsk and Frascati Institutes)

@ 3. TheoryTheoretical analysis of the nano-channel X-ray waveguides operating(Moscow, Newcastle, Birmingham and Frascati)

@ 4. MeasurementsExperimental analysis of X-ray radiation transmission by nanochannels(Daresbury, Frascati, Novosibirsk)

Starting & BudgetStarting & Budget

@ Intended starting date: 1 February 2007

@ Duration: 24 months

@ Total cost: k€ 105 (k€ 50)

@ Researchers:

S. Dabagov – 40%G. Cappuccio – 20%G. Cibin – 30%A. Esposito – 20%A. Grilli – 20%

D. Hampai – 40%L. Terranova – 30%V. Sessa – 30%