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APPENDIX J

. PHASE I RI ANALYTICAL DATAi " . - • ' . • - . '

Table Is REM III Monitoring Well Analyses\ j Table 2s Rohm & Haas Monitoring Well Analyses" Table 3: Residential Well Analyses

Table 4: Surface Water AnalysesTable 5s Sediment AnalysesTable 6s Soil Analyses

QUALIFIERS

INORGANIC ANALYSES

B - Indicates that the reported value is less than theContract Required Detection Limit (CRDL) but greaterthan the Instrument Detection Limit (IDL).

E - The reported value is estimated because of thepresence of interference.

M -Duplicate injection precision not met.

N - Spiked sample recovery not within control limits.S - The reported value was determined by the Method of

Standard Additions (MSA).

U or ND - Analyte was analyzed for but not detected above theIDL.

NA - Analyte was not analyzed for.

W - Post-digestion spike for Furnace AA analysis is outof control limits (85 to 115%), while sampleabsorbance is less than 50% of spike absorbance. ' ,

* - Duplicate analysis'not within control limits. ' '+ - Correlation coefficient for the MSA is less than

0.995.

ORGANIC ANALYSES

U or ND - Indicates compound was analyzed for but not detectedabove the IDL.

J - Indicates an.estimated value. The actual value maybe higher or lower.

C - This flag applies : to pesticide results where theidentification has been confirmed by GC/MS. Singlecomponent pesticides £10 ng/yl in the final extractshall be confirmed by GC/MS.

B - This flat is used when the analyte is found in theassociated blank as well as in the sample. Itindicates possible/probable blank contamination andwarns the data user to take appropriate action.

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APPENDIX K

MODELS USED TO CALCULATE EXPOSURES

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APPENDIX K

MODELS USED TO C&LCUIATE EXPOSURE5

(U AR30I018

r»0" I!* INC. fT.jE)93. U.'IJ J2t26 NO.

K.I

Volatile organic chemical a (VOCa) , dissolved in household vatar supplies can.b* released into the indoor air as a rasule of activities such a* shovering.bathing and dishwashing. Of particular concern to human heal eh is thepotential for elevated exposures to occur in the confined apace of a shover.The ahover model developed by Foater and Chrostovski (1937) . was used toasses* the possible inhalation exposures to VOCs froa ground water at the SandCreek site. In the shower modal inhalation exposures are modeled byeetiaating the rate of chemical release into the air (generation rate), thebuildup (shover on) and decay (ahover off) of VOCs in ahover room air. and thequantity of airborne VOCs inhaled while the ahover is both on and off.

Estimation of the rate of VOC release into the air is baaed upon Lisa andSlater's adaptation of the era-layer fila aodel of gas-liquid aass transfer.The two- fila boundary theory provides the basis for estimating the overallaass transfer coefficient (R, ) for each VOC of interest according to the*•following equation:

whereX, - (l/k. * RT/Hk )'1 (1)

*

K, - overall mass transfer coefficient (ca/hr),

H » Henry's Lav Constant (ata«a /nol-K)

RT - 2.4xlO"2 ata-a3/»ol« ($aa constant of 8.2x10"' ata<SJ5/aol-K tlaasabsolute temperature of 293 R),

kS * 4*»-fila BASS transfer coefficient (ca/hr), end- liquid* fila sass transfer coefficient (em/hr). .

.Equation 1 describe* the mass transfer rate of a compound at an eir«vat*rinterface vhere diffusion aay be limited by both liquid- and gas>phasetsaiatanca*.

The chaaieal-apeoifio resistancee to aass transport for both the liquid andgaa phase* vere calculated from eapirical expression* suggested by Us* and

I K-l

AR30I019

_ Slater (1974). Typical valuea of kj (20 ca/hr) and k (3,000 cm/hr). whichi . have been measured for COj and K.O, respectively, were used to estimate

VOC-apeclfic values for these parameters:

ki - 20(cm/hrH<.4/iW]l/2 (2)

kg - 3000(ca/hr)Iifl/l»Jl/2 (3)

where:kl « liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient, (ca/hr)kg • gas-phase mass transfer coefficient, (ca/hr)Ktf * molecular weight of the cheoical._

The mass transfer coefficient, K,, is adjusted to the shover vatertemperature, Zg. according to a seai-eepirieal equation developed to estimatethe effect of teaperature on oxygen mass-eransfer rate:

KaL - VV 'V"0'5 C4>vhere:

\ ' K . - adjusted overall mass transfer coefficient (ca/hr),

i Tj, • calibration vater teaperature of 1 (K),

Tg » ehover vater teapcrature (K),

au - vater viscosity at T. (cp), and

mg - vater viscosity at t( (cp).

The concentration leaving the shower droplet. C , is obtained froa'anintegrated rate equation based .on e mass-balance approach:

- - .

Cvd" Wl- H V60dl) (5)

vhere

Cvd * concentration leaving ahover droplet after time t( (ug/1),« CyQ - shover vater concentration (ug/1),

K-2

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, d shover droplet diameter (ma), and )

tg - ahower droplet drop time (sec).

The tera X /SOd cbobinea both the rate transfer and the available intarfaeialarea across which volatilization can occur. The value l/60d equals thespecific inter facial area, 6/d, for a sparical shover droplet of diameter d

i multiplied by conversion factors (hr/3,600 aec and 10 aa/ca).

, The VOC generation rate in the ahover room, S, can then be calculated by theequation:

S - Cwd(Fr)/SV (6)

, vhere .

S7 - indoor VOC generation ret* (ug/m -Bin),

j Ftt - ahover vater flov rate (1/aia), and• 3

SV • ahover room air volume (a ) .

t| A simple one-box indoor air pollution aodel va* used to estimate VOC air .! concentrations in the shover room. This aodel can be expreased a* *

differential equation describing the rate of change of the indoor pollutantconcentration vith time:

dC /dt - »Ca + S (7)

, vhere

C - Indoor VOC air concentration (ug/a ) , andt ft - air exchange rate (min* ).

Vhen equation 7 is integrated, the time -dependent indoor concentration can beestimated M follows:

Cft(t) - (S/&)(1 - exp(-at]) for C$D§ (I)

and

AR30I02I )- - ^~S

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vhere

Ca(t) - indoor air VOC concentration at tiae t (mg/n ) ,

D - shower duration (ain), and

t » tiae (min).

• • • " . ' . •The inhalation expeaure pee ahevee can than be calculated according to theequation:

Einh

where- • '•> inhalation exposure per shower (s /kg/ahover) ,

2 VR - ventilation rate (1/ain),

BH * body weight (kg) , and

j &t - total duration in shower room (ain).o • - • • ..•This equation can be> solved as: •

Einh" <Vr)(S>/t(ltf)(R)(106)J [ - 1/R exp(-RDg)/RJ (11)

for the duration of the ahover, and as:

Einh" (Vr)(8)/[(BV)(R)(10*)J x

t»§ * exp(-PJ>t)/R - exp[R(D- • De

for both the duration of the shover and the duration in the reoa after theehover i* turned off.

.fable K-l liata the input parameter* to the ahover aodel.

AR30I022'

I III'II 11 Mil II! Ill I I III I I I II Hi i|| I || I ||

TABU K-l

INPUT PARAMETERS TO THE SHOVES MODEL

Parameter Value

Znhalacion Factor 0.49Shover Vater Teaperature 318 KVater Viscocity at Shover Teaperature 0.596 epShower Droplet Drop Tiae * 2 seeShower Droplet Diameter 1 maShover Vater Plow Rate 10 liter/sinAir Plow Rate 0 a /ainAir Xxchange Rate in Shover Rooa 0.5 hr-1Ventilizstion Rate 15 Uter/aiaShover Duration . 15 ainDuration in Shover Rooa After Shover Stops 5 ainBody Veight 70 kg

r«o* icr IKC (Tuoes.ie.-tt 12121 NO.I* »eoe

K ? Kftfoi ff...ft*ifiti*f.* TfoniAl Ahuorption frca fisthincw ' • . • •

Eatiaatea of chronic daily intake a resulting from exposure via dermalabsorption of volatile organic chemicals of potentiei concern in thegroundvater are based on the vork of Wester et al. (1987). Vaster et el.

• measured the *n>ftimt» of hftnfftrwi tr»\n«f erred into human skin (5.7 em?) from *dilute (21.7 ug/ml) solution in vater (1.5 ml) over a 30 minute period.

The amount of benzene vhich could be transferred into the skin during A bath' vas conservatively assumed to be the sum of the amount* of benzene Absorbed

through the various layer* of the skin (epidermis, derais. And etratuacorneua). Thic cum, vhich vac Adjusted for the total skin surf AC* Areaexpected to be expoaed during A bath (assumed to be Approximately 801 of the19,400 cm2 Adult body surface Area (EFA 1985d)J amounted to 0.151 of the doae-to vhich the akin vas exposed. Therefore , the amount of benzene (in ug) thatvould be Absorbed during: A 30 minute bath can be estimated from the Vaster At

! Al. study AS follovs:

Benzene Absorbed (ug) 21.7 ug 1.5 al . N- -- - ——————— Z. . —— __- x - x 0.0015 x 15,520 cm2\ : Event m l 5 . 7 c m *

vhere:j 21.7 ug/ml - Concnetration of benzene in the Vester et al. study.

1.5 ml - Volume of aolution covering the skin in the Wester et al. *tudy.5.7 cm* • Amount of *kin covered by the 1.5 ml of solution in the Vester

•t Al. study.0.0015 • Proportion of benzene abaorbed in the Vester At Al. study.

> 15,520 cm2 - Surface Are A of skin exposed to water while bathinjt.

Because dermal Absorption of organic eheaieal* from A dilute *olution i*. toA first order epproxiaation, proportional to the lipophilleity of eh*chemicAl* (Poster And Chrostovski, 1986), dosss for each organic chemical werederived relative to the Amount of benzene Abaorbed in the Veater At Al. studybased on (1) the ratio of the Aqueous concentration of each chemical ofconcern in the bath vater to eh* Aqueous concentration of benzene uaed in th*Vester et A!, study, and (2) eh* ratio of the octAnol-vater partition

flR30l02J»

no* tcr INC ~ «ruf >es.ie.'ii ma* ie

f(

I

coefficient (*„„) of benzene (K - 132) to that of each organic chaaieal ofOV Ow wconcern in the groundwater. Baaed on these ratio*, the maaa of each chaaieal jof concern transferred into the skin during A 30 minute bath were estimated asfollows:

Benzene Absorbed (ug) Xov i cheaieal Cx of i chemical (ug/1)• —^— x ——_____^^_^_^ x _« . _ —_ __ __ _ __—.Bath Kov benzene C\ of benzene (ug/1)

Cabs i • Concentration of i chemical absorbed to skin during bath, (ug/bath)Ci of i chemical - Concetration of 1 chemical in groundwater, (ug/1)Ci benzene - Concentration of benzene in Veater et al. study. (21.700 ug/1).Chronic daily intake*, (CDZs), vere then celculeted froa the followingequation, assuaing that an average 70 kg adult take* on* bath per day for A 70year lifetime.

CDZ (ag/k|/day) * Cabsday 70 kg ug

1-7{ AR301-025