BapJw k\m-X-\-[À½-̄ nse hnhn[ hnj-b-§sf sNdnb ]pkvX-I-§-fn-embn

{]kn-²o-I-cn-¡m-\m-bn-cp¶p ap¼v AssZzX {KÙm-hen Bcw-̀ n-̈ -Xv. 1993 \hw-_À amk-̄ n Bcw-`n¨ ]²Xn A\p-k-cn¨v 1999 P\p-hcn hsc-bpÅ Ime-b-f-hn Ccp-]-̄ n-aq¶v ]pkvXI§Ä {]kn-²o-I-cn-̈ p. Ch-sbÃmw s]s«-¶p-Xs¶ hnX-cWw sNbvXp Xocp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ch-bn Nne-sXÃmw ]p\x-{]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡s¸«n-«p-ap-−v. Cu ]pkvX-I-§-sfÃmw kaq-l-̄ n {]N-cn-t¡-−-h- X-s¶-sb-¦nepw km¼-̄ nI hnj-a-X-I-fm bYmkabw Ah ]p\x-{]-Im-in-̧ n-¡m³ km[n-̈ n-«n-Ã. Ch-bp-sS-sbÃmw {]kn-²o-I-cWw \mw hyàn-]-c-am-bn-«m-bn-cp¶p ap¼v \nÀÆ-ln-̈ -Xv. F¶m- Ct¸mÄ CuhI ]pkvXI {]Im-i\ hnj-b-§-sfÃmw k\m-X-\-[À½ tkhm {SÌv F¶ cPn-kvt{SUv {SÌm-Wv

t\m¡n \S-̄ p-¶-Xv. ap¼v AssZz-X-{K-Ùm-h-en-bn Ccp-]-Xm-as¯ ]pkvX-I-ambn1995þUn-kw-

_À amk¯n {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡-s¸-«-Xm-Wv PohnXcY-bm-{X F¶ eLp{KÙw. ItTm-]-\n-j-̄ n Acp-fp¶ ico-c-c-Y-cq-]-I-ev]-\bpw AXnsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n-epÅ PohnX-ho-£-W-hp-amWv CXnse {]Xn-]m-Zyw. CXnsâ ]T-\-a-\-\-§Ä PohnXs¯ kw_-Ôn¨ icn-bmb Hcp ho£Ww k¼m-Zn-¡m³ \s½

klm-bn-¡pw. Cu ]pkvXIw Ct¸mÄ ]p\x-{]-Im-in-̧ n-¡m³ Ign-ªXv {io. {io\n-hm-

k³, tImb-¼-̄ qÀ F¶ `àsâ km¼-̄ n-I-k-lm-bw -sIm-−m-Wv. Cu eLp-{K-Ù¯nsâ ]pXn-b-]-Xn¸v kk-t´mjw kÖ-\-§Ä¡p-ap-¼msI

kaÀ¸n-¡-s«.

kzman NnZm-\µ ]pcn AssZz-Xm-{i-aw, sImf-̄ qÀ. 24-þ01þ03.

Pohn-X-c-Y-bm{X

D]-{I-aw:þ PohnXw Hcp bm{X-bm-Ip-¶p. e£y-̄ n-te¡pÅ bm{Xn-Isâ bm{X.

F¶m CsXmcp bm{XbmsW ¶dnbmsX Ign-bp-¶-XmWv \ap¡v h¶p-tN-cp¶ ]e- ]e {]iv\-§Ä¡pw aqe-tl-Xp. AXn-\m¯s¶ CsXmcp bm{X-bm-sW¶p Xncn-̈ -dn-ªv, Bb-Xnsâ \m\mhi-§sf {i²n-̈ v, _p²n-]qÀÆw hkn-t¡-−-Xm-Ip-¶p. Cu hnj-b-s¯-¡p-dn-̈ pÅ Hcp Nn´-bmWv ChnsS

\mw \S-̄ p-¶-Xv. ASn-]-X-dp¶ At\Iw Pohn-X-§-fpsS Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-̈ m Pohn-X-bm-

{X-sb-̧ -än-bpÅ hyà-amb [mc-W-bpsS A`m-h-amWv PohnX]cm-P-b-§Ä¡v

ImcWw F¶p ImWm³ km[n-¡pw. Hcp bm{X F¶p ]dbpt¼mÄ Ah-iyw-Xs¶ Hcp e£y-ap-−m-bn-cn-¡Ww. IqSmsX B e£y-̄ n-te¡p k©-cn-¡m-\pÅ amÀ¤-hpw, amÀ¤-̄ n Ncn-¡p-hm-\pÅ D]m-[nbpw IqSn-thWw. Ch-bpsS bYm-X-Y-amb Adnhpw D]-tbm-Khpw \s½ Pohn-X-hn-P-b-̄ n-te¡v \bn-¡p-¶p. F¶m e£yhpw AXn-te-¡pÅ amÀ¤hpw Ghsb¶pw amÀ¤-K-a-\-̄ n-\pÅ D]m-[nsb F§s\ D]tbm-Kn-¡-W-sa-¶p-ap-Å Adn-hn-Ãm-bva-

bm-Is« Pohn-Xs¯ ZpcnX]qÀ®am-¡p-¶p. CuhIhnj-b-§-fn-tebv¡v ]qÀ®-ambpw shfn¨whoin \ap¡v icn-bmb Hcp Pohn-X-ho£-W-s¯bpw KXn-sbbpw \evIp¶ D-]-tZ-i-am-Wv i-co-c-c-Y-cq]I-ev]\bneqsS ItTm-]-\n-jXv Acp-fp¶Xv. CXnsâ icn-bmb ]T-\hpw a\-\hpw AXn-a-l-̄ mb Hcp Pohn-X-ZÀi-\s¯ \ap¡v \ÂIp-sa-¶-Xn-\mÂ

AXn-hnsS sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶p. ItTm-]-\n-j-̄ nse ico-c-c-Y-cq-]-I-ev]\:þ

IrjvW-b-PpÀtÆZm-́ ÀK-X-amb ImTIimJ-bnse D]-\n-j-̄ mWv ItTm-]-\n-j-Xv. D]-\n-j-̄ p-I-fnÂsh¨v Gsd {]mam-Wn-I-§-fmb ]¯p-]-\n-j-̄ p-¡-fn-sem-¶m-Wn-Xv. c−-²ym-b§-fnembn Bdp hÃn-I-fn-eqsS Bß-X-̄ z-ap-]-tZ-in-¡p¶ Cu D]-\n-j-¯nsâ H¶m-a-²ym-b-¯nse aq¶mwhÃn-bn aq¶p apX H¼Xp IqSn-bpÅ a{ -́§-fnem-bmWv \man-hnsS {i²n-¡m-\p-t±-in-¡p¶ ico-c-c-Y-cq-]-I-ev]-\bpw AXnsâ Xmev]-cyhpw AS-§n-bn-«p-Å-Xv. {i²-bpsS aqÀ¯n-bmb \Nn-tI-X-Êns\ {_Ò-hn-Zym-Nm-cy-\mb ba³ FÃm

{]Im-chpw ]co-£n¨v injy-Kp-W-bp-à-s\-¶-dn-ª-tijw kÀÆ-th-Zm-́ -km-c-am-b -{]-W-h-ap-]-tZ-in-¨p. A\-́ cw ]e-{]-Im-c-§fn Bß-bm-Ym-ßy s¯ D]-tZ-in-̈ -tijw B Hcp Úm\-X-e-̄ n-te¡v injys\ DbÀ¯p-hm³ th−n-bpÅ D]tZiw\ÂIp¶ `m-K¯mWv icn-bmb Pohn-X-ho-£-Ws¯ {]Zm\w sN¿p¶ cY-cq-]-I-ev]\ hcp-¶-Xv. CXn BZys¯ c−p a{ -́§-fm cY-cq-]-I-ev]-\sbbpw XpSÀ¶pÅ a{´-§-fm AXn \n¶pw \mw DÄs¡mtÅ− ]mT-§-sf-bpamWv ]d-bp-¶-Xv. Cu a{´-§sf \ap¡p {Ia-

ambn ]Tn-¡mw. Bßm\w cYn\w hn²n icocw cY-tah Xp I _p²nw Xp kmcYnw hn²n a\x {]{K-l-tah N II(1þ3þ3) C{µn-bmWn lbm-\mlpx hnj-bm³ tXjp tKmN-cm³ I Btß-{µnbat\m-bpàw

t`mtàXym-lpÀa-\o-jnWx II (1þ3þ4)

A\z-bmÀ°-§Ä:þ

Bßm\w = Bßm-hns\

cYn\w = cYn-(sb-¶v) hn²n = (\o) Adnbq

icocw Xp -= ico-cs¯ BIs« cYw Gh = cYwXs¶ (F¶v)

_p²nw Xp = _p²nsb BIs« kmcYnw = kmc-Yn(-F-¶v) hn²n = (\o)-A-dnbq a\x = a\Êv

{]{Klw Gh N = {]{Klw Xs¶-bm-Ip¶p C{µn-bmWn=C{µn-b-§Ä (-C-{µn-b-§sf)

lbm³=IpXn-c-IÄ (F¶v) Blpx=]d-bp¶p

tXjp tKmN-cm³=Ahbv¡p tKmN-c-§-fm-b-hsb hnj-bm³=hnj-b-§Ä (F-¶v)

C{µn-b-a-t\m-bpàw = C{µn-b-a-t\m-bp-à-amb Bßm=Bßmhv

t`màm CXn=t`màmhv F¶n-{]-Imcw a\o-jnWx Blpx= a\o-jn-amÀ ]d-bp-¶p.

Bßm-hns\ cYn-sb-¶-dn-bq. icocwXs¶ cYw. _p²nsb kmc-Yn-sb-¶-dn-bq. a\-Êp-X-s¶ ISn-ªm¬. C{µn-b-§sf IpXn-c-IÄ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. Ahbv¡p tKmN-c-§-fmbhXs¶ hnj-b-§Ä. C{µn-b-a-t\m-bp-à-amb

Bßmhv t`màm-hm-sW¶p a\o-jn-IÄ ]d-bp-¶p.

Bi-b-hn-i-Zo-I-cWw:þ kzbw Bsc¶ Adn-hm-WtÃm BZyw D−mth−-Xv. AXmWnhnsS H¶m-a-Xm-bn Acp-fp-¶-Xv ""Bßm-hns\ cYn-sb-¶dnbq'' F¶v. "cYn'-sb-¶m cYw

BÀ¡pt−m AbmÄ. cY-kzmanXs¶ cYn. Hcmsf cYn-sb¶p ]dbpt¼mÄ AXnÂ\n¶pw \ap¡p a\-Ên-em-¡m-\m-

hp¶ hnj-b-§Ä Fs -́Ãm-amWv? AbmÄ¡v Hcp bm{X-sN-¿m-\p-−v. am{X-aà B bm{X-bv¡p-th− hml-\w-þ-cYwþ kz -́am-bp-−pXm-\pw. \msaÃmw Pohn-X-am-Ip¶ bm{X sN¿m-\p-Å-h-cm-sW¶pw, AXn-\m-h-iy-apÅ hml-\w \½psS ]¡-ep-s−¶pw "kzbw cYnsb¶dnbq' F¶ D]-tZ-i-̄ n-eqsS a\-Ên-em-hp-

¶p.

‘bm{X’ F¶p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ BZy-ambn \ap¡p-−m-th-−Xp e£y-t_m-[amWv. e£yw Dd-̧ n¨-ti-jw B e£y-̄ n-te¡pÅ \½psS

{]bmWs¯bm-Ip¶p bm{X-sb¶-Xn\meÀ°-am-¡p-¶-Xv. PohnXw Hcp bm{XbmsW¶p ]dbp-t¼mÄ \nÝb-ambpw CXns\mcp e£y-ap-s−¶pw, B e£y-s¯ {]m]n-¡m-\mWv Cu Pohn-Xbm{X F¶pw kv]jvS-am-Ip-¶p. Ae-£y-amb bm{X Ae-̈ n-em-Wv. Ae-̈ nem-bn-cn-¡-cpXv \½psS Pohn-Xw; AXp \nÝn-X-e-£y-¯n-te-¡pÅ \nb-an-X-{]-bm-W-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww. ]e-hn[ ]X-\-§-fp-ta-äp-hm§n hgn-bn-e-e-bp-¶-h-sc tNmZyw-sN-bvXmÂ

Ah-cnÂ\n¶pw ]e-t¸mgpw a\-Ên-em-¡m-\m-hp-¶X,v hyà-amb e£y-t_m-[-¯nsâ A`m-h-am-Wv Cu ]X-\-§Ä¡p-Im-cWw F¶m-bn-cn¡pw.

F´n\mWo PohnXw F¶p tNmZn-̈ m hyà-amb Hcp adp-]Sn Xcm³ _lp-`q-cn-]£wt]À¡pw km[n¡p¶n-Ã. `uXnIhnZym-̀ ym-k-saÃmw [mcm-f-ambn kn²n¨p F¶`n-am-\n¡p¶hÀ¡pt]mepw hyà-amb e£y-t_m[w ImWp-

¶n-Ã. F§-s\-bmWp Pohn-t¡-−Xv F¶v Ghcpw Nn´n-¡p-¶p-−v. F§s\ Znh-k-§fpw amk-§fpw aäpw Ign-̈ p-Iq«pw, F§s\ Abm-sf-t¸m-sebpw Cbm-sf-t¸m-sebpw Hs¡-bmhpw Fs¶Ãmw Gsd-t¸cpw Nn´n-¡p-¶p-−v. F¶m Cu Pohn-X-¯nsâ F§-s\-I-sf-¡p-dn¨p Nn´n-¡p-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ ap¼p \mw Nn´n-t¡-−Xv F´n\v F¶-Xn-s\-¡p-dn-̈ tÃ? F§s\ bm{X-sN-¿Ww F¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ apt¼ Ft§m«p bm{X sN¿Ww F¶m-WtÃm \mw

\nÝ-bn-t¡-−Xv bm{X-sN-¿m-\mbn hml-\-̄ n Ib-dp-¶-h¶v Gähpw {]Ya-ambn th−Xp e£y-t_m-[-am-Wv. AsÃ-¦n hml\w sIms−-̄ n-¡p-¶ CSwXs¶ e£y-sa¶p Icp-tX-−-Xm-bn-hcpw. AXv hnth-In-IÄ¡p tbmKy-a-Ã. A{]-Im-cw-Xs¶ Cu Pohn-X-bm-{Xbpw k -̂e-am-bn-̄ o-cm³ Gähpw {][m-\ambn

th−Xp hyà-amb e£y-t_m-[-am-Wv. e£y-t_m-[-an-Ãm-bva-bmWv kÀÆ-hn-[-t¢-i-§Ä¡pw Pohn-X-]-cm-P-b-§Ä¡pw apJyImc-Ww. X\n¡v Cu Pohn-Xw-sIm−v Hcp e£yw \nÝ-b-ambpw thWsa¶p hcp-¶p. B e£ys¯

BZyta Dd-̧ n-̈ n-cn-¡-Ww. Dd¨ e£y-t_m-[-w C-Ãm-̄ -Xp-X-s¶-bmWv kÀÆ-Pohn-X-]-cm-P-b-§Ä¡pw Imc-Ww.

kaq-l-̄ nsâ ]e Xe-§-fnepw hkn-¡p¶ ]e {]mb-§-fn-epw taJ-e-I-fnepapÅ-h-tcmSv Pohn-X-̄ nsâ e£ysa´msW¶p \mw tNmZn-̈ pt\m¡p-I ]ecpw A§-s\-sbmcp hnjbw Nn´n-̈ n-t«-bn-söp ImWm-\m-Ipw. am{X-a-Ã, Xm³ Nn´n-¡m-̄ -h-sbms¡bpw A\m-h-iy-§-sf¶pw aqV-̄ -c-§-sf¶pw IcpXn, tNmZys¯ Bt£-]n-¡p-¶-hcpw A]-l-kn-¡p-¶-hcpw D−mhmw. C\n-sbm-cp-Iq-«À, P\n-¨p-t]m-b-Xn-\m Pohn-¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv. BI-kvan-I-X-bnÂ\n-¶m-cw-̀ n-¡p¶, Ae-£y-amb bm{X-bmWv AhÀ¡p Pohn-Xw. aäp NneÀ, acn-¡pw-hsc Pohn-¡Ww F¶ kn²m-́ -¡mcmWv. kzbw hnj-a-§-sfm¶pw A\p-̀ -hn-¡m-sXbpw aäpÅ Bscbpw hnj-an-̧ n-¡m-sXbpw acn-̈ p-t]m-Ip-¶-XmWp e£yw F¶p Icp-Xp-¶-hcpw D−v. AhÀ¡p e£yw ac-Ww Xs¶! Hmtlm, e£yw ac-W-tam, F¦n AXn-t¸mįs¶ BI-cptXm F¶p tNmZn-̈ mÂ, {]iv\w Ipg-ª-Xp-X-s¶. temI-̄ n-se-Ãm-hcpw P\n-̈ -t]mse Rm\pw P\n¨p, FÃm-hcpw hkn-¡pw-t]m-se-̄ s¶ D−p-ap-d-§nbpw, D®m-\mbn ]WnXpw, {]Xyp-Xv]m-Z\w \S¯n k´Xn]c-¼-csb \ne-\nÀ¯nbpw, AhÀ¡mbn kz¯p k¼m-Zn-̈ p-sams¡ A§s\ Ign-bWw F¶p ]d-bp¶ _lp-̀ q-cn-]£w t]À¡pw Pohn-X-e-£y-s¯-¡p-dn¨v hyà-amb Hcp ImgvN-̧ m-Sn-söp ImWmw. temI-km-[m-c-W-amb Hcp coXnsb A\p-k-cn¨pw A\p-I-cn¨pw A§s\ PohnXw \bn-¡Ww F¶pam-{Xsa Ahsc kw_-Ôn-̈ p-Åq. aäp-Å-h-cpsS \ne-bp-ambn Xmc-X-ayw-sNbvXv Ah-cmÀÖn-̈ -Xn-t\-¡mÄ [\tam Øm\tam {]i-kvXntbm {]Xm-]tam Hs¡ t\S-W-sa¶p Icp-Xp-¶Xpw AXn-\mbn _²-s¸t«mSp-¶Xpw Pohn-X-e-£y-sa-¶pI-cp-Xp-¶-hÀ hmkvX-h-̄ n e£y-sas´-¶-dn-ªn-«n-söpw Ah-cpsS PohnXw Ima-t{Im-

[-a-Z-am-Õ-cymZnIfm t{]cnXw am{X-am-sW¶pw a\-Ên-emIpw. e£yw {]m]n-̈ m¸ns¶ bm{X-bnà F¶Xp kmam\y bpàn-bm Adn-bm-hp-¶-Xm-W-tÃm. AXp-sIm-−p-Xs¶ Pohn-X-bm-{X-bpsS e£yw C\n CXv XpS-tc-−-Xn-Ãm¯ ]Zs¯ {]m]n-¡pI F¶Xp am{X-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww. GsXm-¶ns\ {]m]n-̈ m-emtWm ]ns¶ Cu Pohn-X-KXn XpS-tc-−-Xn-Ãm-̄ Xv, GsXm-cp-X-¯zs¯ Adn-ªm-emtWm Xm³ ]qÀ®-s\-¶-dnªv kzØ-\m-hp-¶Xv, B Hcp ]cw [mata a\p-jys\ kw_-Ôn¨v BXy-́ n-I-Po-hn-X-e-£y-am-hm³ Xc-

ap-Åq. GXmWm ]c-a-[maw? “bZvKXzm \ \nhÀ¯t´ X²ma ]caw aa”( -̀K-h-ZvKo-X-þ15-þ6= GsXm-¶ns\ {]m]n-̈ m (]n-s¶) \nhÀ¯n-¡p-¶nÃtbm B ]c-a[m-a-amWv Fsâ kzcq]w)-F¶p `K-hm³ KoX-bnecp-fp-¶p. Cu PohnX bm{X ]cn-k-am-]n-¡p¶ ]cw [maw Cuiz-csâ kzcq-]-am-Wv. At¸mÄ ]c-

amß-km-£m-XvIm-c-am-Wv P·-e£yw F¶p-d-̧ n-¡m-\m-hpw. CXp-Xs¶ \ap¡p asämcp coXn-bnepw Nn´n-¡mw. Hmtcm Pohn-bp-sSbpw

LS-\-bnse {]tXyI sshin-jvSy-ta-tXm, B Hcp sshin-jvSys¯ km[q-I-cn-¡p-¶Xpam{Xta B Pohnsb kw_-Ôn¨v e£y-am-Im³ Xc-ap-Åq. a\p-jys\ kw_-Ôn¨v GsXm-¶mtWm Ahsâ krjvSn-bnse {]tXy-I-kn²n, B Hcp {]tXy-I-Xsb km[q-I-cn-¡p-¶tX P·-e-£y-am-hq. F¦n F´mWv {]tXyI kn²n? Cu {]]-©-¯n Pohn-¡p¶ At\-I-e£w Poh-Pm-e-§-fnÂsh¨v Gähpw DbÀ¶ krjvSn-bmWv a\p-jy-krjvSn F¶p \mw ]d-bm-dp-−v. F´mWv a\p-jys\ CX-c-kr-jvSn-I-fnÂ\n-¶p-ap-bÀ¯p¶ ssh`hw F¶p Nn´n-̈ m AXv Cu tZl-̄ n-sâtbm C{µn-b-§-fp-sStbm H¶pw- {]tXyIX-b-Ã, adn¨v hnti-j-_p-²n-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv F¶p Im-Wm-\m-Ipw. BXy-´n-I-amb {]]-©-c-l-kys¯ Is−¯m-\p-Å, Imcy-{]-]-©-̄ n-eqsS Imc-Ws¯ Adn-bm-\pÅ tijn Cu hnti-j-_p-²n-bm a\p-jy\v kn²n-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. AXp-sIm-−p-Xs¶ kÀÆ-Im-c-W-kz-cq-]s¯ Adn-bpI F¶-XmWv am\-h-P-·-e-£yw F¶p ImWmw. CXp-X-s¶-bmWv apàn, tam£w Fs¶m

s¡ ]d-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. ChnsS kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Hcp kwibw hcmw. Adn-sh-§s\ apàn-bmIpw? AÚm-\-amWv _Ô-\w. AXn-\m hnÚm\wXs¶ apàn. CXmWo kwi-b-̄ n-\pÅ adp-]-Sn. kzkz-cq-]-a-dn-bm-bvI-bm Xm³ A]qÀ®-s\¶pw

aäp-apÅ Iev]-\-I-fn Ign-bp¶Xn\m-emWv hnhn[ ‘Fsâ’IfmÂþIÀ½-_-Ô-\-§-fmÂ-þ-am-\-h³ _Ôn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. kz]qÀ®m-ß-cq-]-a-dn-ªm Gj-W-I-fnÂ\n-s¶ms¡ apà-\m-hp-¶p, ]qÀ®mß-Úm-\m-\-µ-̄ n-e-a-cp-¶p. CXp-

X-s¶-bmWp P·-e-£yw. Cuizc km£m-XvImcw, Bß-Úm\w, tam£w XpS-§nb imkv{Xob]Z-

§-sf-sbms¡ X¡mew \ap¡p amän-sh-¡mw. tZi-Im-em-Zn-t -̀Z-§Äs¡Ãmw D]cn GhÀ¡pw kzoIm-cy-am-Ip¶ e£y-sa-s´¶p Nn´n-̈ m BbXp

k¼qÀ® ZpxJ-\n-hr-¯n-bm-sW-¶Xv kÀÆ-k-½-X-am-bn-cn-¡pw. ZpxJ-§-sfÃmw CÃm-Xm-hWw F¶v Ghcpw CÑn-¡p-¶p. F´mWv ZpxJ-\n-hr-¯n-¡pÅ imiz-X-amÀ¤w? kpJ-t`m-K-km-a-{Kn-Isf Bthmfw k©-bn-̈ -Xp-sIm-s−m¶pw BXy-́ n-I-Zpx-J-\n-hr-¯n-bp-−m-hn-Ã. k¼qÀ®-Zpx-J-Im-c-W-§-sfbpw

thtcmsS \o¡w sN¿m³ Ign-ªmte BXy-́ nI ZpxJ-\n-hr-̄ n-bp-−m-hq. CXm-Is« \nXy-amb kXys¯ km£m-XvI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS am{XamIp-¶p. CsX-§-s\-sb-¶mÂ, A\n-Xy-am-b-h-bn-epÅ \nXy-Xz-{ -̀a-amWv ZpxJ-

§Äs¡Ãmw aqe-Im-c-Ww. \nXy-sa¶p Icp-X-s¸-«-sXms¡ hn«p-t]m-Ip-t¼mÄ ZpxJ-ap-−m-Ip-¶p-h-tÃm? AXp-sIm−v \nXy-sa-s´-¶-dn-bp-¶-Xp-am-{X-amWv A\n-Xys¯ \nXy-ambn Icp-Xm-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ZpxJ-\n-hr-̄ n-¡p-apÅ GI-amÀ¤w. \nXym-ß-km-£m-XvIm-c-amWv e£y-sa¶v C{]-Im-chpw \ap¡v {Kln-

¡mw. BßhnÚm-\-hpw, hnÚm\-̄ m-epÅ apànbpw Xs¶-bmWv P·-e-

£yw. bpàn-kn-²-amb Cu hkvXp-Xsb _lp-iXw {ipXn-kvar-Xn-Ifpw GI-

kz-c-̄ n-e-cpfp¶p−v: “Cl tNZ-th-Zo-ZY kXyakvXn \ tNZn-lm-th-Zo-·-lXo hn\jvSnx” [tIt\m-]-\n-j-Zv-þ2-þ5= ChnsS(a-\pjyP-· ¯nÂ, Cu temI-¯nÂ) Adn-ªp-sh-¦nÂ(-Po-hn-Xw) kXyam-bn(kmÀ°-I-am-bn,- k-̂ -e-am-bn). ChnsS Adn-ªn-sÃ-¦nÂ(-X-̄ z-Úm-\-ap-−m-bn-sÃ-¦nÂ) al-̄ mb hn\-jvSw-

X-s¶(-hn-\m-iw-X-s¶,)] F¶ {ipXn DZm-l-c-W-am-Ip-¶p. Xm³ cYn-bm-sW¶ hnj-bs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v C{Xbpw Nn´n¨XnÂ\n¶pw PohnXw Hcp bm{X-bm-sW-¶pw, Bb-Xn\p th− cYw-þ-hm-l\wþ\½psS IqsSbp-s−¶pw, bm{Xbv¡v Ah-iyw-Xs¶ e£yap−m-bn-cn-¡-W-sa¶pw h¶p-IqSp-¶p. \nÝn-X-amb e£y-̄ n-te-bv¡pÅ amÀ¤-̄ n-eqsS Xs¶ thWw bm{X sN¿m-s\¶Xvv {]tXyIw ]dtb−-Xn-Ã-tÃm. \½-psS e£y-ta-tXm, AXn-te-¡pÅþ AXnte¡v \s½ \bn-¡p¶þamÀ¤-̄ neqsSthWw Ncn-¡pI F¶Xp apJyamWv. A]-Y-k-©mcw e£y¯n-se¯n-¡n-Ã, \nÝn-X-amb PohnX-e-£y-̄ n-te¡v \nb-an-X-amb hgn-bn-eqsS Pohn-X-bm{X \S-t¯− cYkzman-bmWv Rm³-F¶v Hmtcm-cp-̄ cpw Adn-b-Ww. "cY-kzman' F¶p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ, \ap¡v k©-cn-¡p-hm-\pÅ cYw GXm-sW¶ PnÚmk hcp-¶p.

Bb-Xn\v kam-[m-\-a-cp-fp-I-bm-Wv: “icocw cY-ta-h Xp”--þi-co-c-am-Is« cYw-X-s¶(-A-Yhm cY-am-Is« ico-cw-X-s¶) F¶v.

Chn-sS icocw cY-am-Ip¶p F¶p ]d-bp-¶n-S¯v \ap¡v a\-Ên-em-¡m-\p-Å-sXs´Ãmw? \ap¡v ]cw-e-£y-̄ n-te¡v bm{X sN¿m-\pÅ hml-\-amWp

icocw F¶v H¶m-a-Xmbpw a\-Ên-em-¡mw. icocw F¶m ‘iocytX CXn' \in-̈ p-t]m-Ip-¶Xv F¶À°wþ\in-¡p-¶Xp Xs¶ ico-cw. At¸mÄ \in-̈ p-t]m-Ip¶ Cu `uXn-I-kw-Lm-X-̄ n Rms\¶pw aäp-apÅ Al¦mchpw CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp-¶-h-bn Fsâ-sX-¶pÅ A`n-am-\hpw ths−-¶pw, adn¨v Xsâ Pohn-X-bm-{X-bv¡pÅ Hcp hml\w am{X-am-WnsX¶pw Nn´n¡q

F¶-Xp-Xs¶ apJy ktµiw. t\ct¯ \mw am\-h-P-·-̄ nsâ BXy-́ n-I-e£yw Úm\wXs¶-þ-

apànXs¶-þ-F-¶p-d-̧ n-̈ p. F¶m Hmtcm Pohn-X-̄ n-sâbpw Xmev¡m-enIe£yw F¶Xv AXXv Poh³ F¯n-t¨À¶n-cn-¡p¶ kwkvIm-c-hn-ti-j-§Ä¡-\p-k-cn¨v ]eXm-bn-cn¡pw F¶p a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. C{]-Im-cw, Hmtcm-cp-¯-cpw Pohn-X-e£yambn IW-¡m-¡p-¶Xv F´p-Xs¶tbm Bbn-s¡m-Ås«, Bb-Xn-s\-sbms¡ {]m]n-¡p-hm³ Cu icoc-am-Ip¶ hml\w IqSntb Xocq.

Fsâ icocw F¶-ÃmsX Rm³ icocw F¶v aqV·mtcm _me³amtcmt]mepw ]d-bm-dn-Ã. AXm-bXv CXv Rm\-söpw Fsâ-Xm-

sW¶pw GhÀ¡p-a-dn-bmw. F¦nepw AÚm-\m-h-c-W-§-fn Ign-bp¶ ka-b¯v \ma-dn-bmsXXs¶ tZlm-Zyp-]-m-[n-I-fn Rms\-¶-̀ n-am-\n¨p him-Ip-¶p,

CXp _Ô-tl-Xp-hm-Wv. ChnsS ‘icocw cYw’ F¶pÅ {ipXn {]tXyIw {it²-b-am-Ip-¶p. \in-̈ p-t]m-Ip¶ Cu `uXn-I-kw-LmXw \nsâ cYw-þ-hm-l-

\w-þ-am-{X-amWv AÃmsX \ob-Ã. cY-̄ n Bcpw Rms\-¶-̀ n-am-\n-¡mdn-Ã, adn¨v AXns\ icn-bmw-h®w

Xsâ bm{X-bn-ep-]-tbm-Kn¨v kpJ-ambn bm{X-bpsS e£y-̄ n-te-s¡-̄ p-I-bmWv sN¿p-I. A{]-Im-cw-Xs¶ Cu ico-c-c-Y-̄ n Rms\-¶-̀ n-am-\n¡msX Xsâ ]cw-P-·-e-£y-{]m-]vXn-¡mbn CXns\ D]-tbm-Kn-¡pIbmWv \mw sNt¿-−-Xv. icn-bm-bp-]-tbm-Kn¨v bm{X sN¿p-hm³th−n \mw bYm-k-abw \½psS

hml-\-̄ n\p \evtI-−Xp \evIn ]cn-c-£n-¡p¶ IWt¡ Cu tZl-s¯bpw IrXy-ambn ]cn-c-£n-t¡-−-Xm-Ip-¶p. bYm-k-abw `£Whpw aäpw \evIn-bpw, tcmKmZnt¢i-§Ä hcp-t¼mÄ ]Yyw, Huj-[-tkh XpS-§n-b-h-bm NnIn-Õn¨pw ico-cs¯ ]men-t¡-−-Xm-Ip-¶p. F¶m CXp-Xs¶ Xm³ F¶ a«n ]qÀ®-ambpw CXns\ t]mjn-̧ n-¡m³ kabw If-b-cpXv. Ccn-¡p-hm-\p-®-Ww, D®m-\m-bn-cn-¡-cpXv F¶ \m«p-samgn ChnsS {]k-à-am-Wv. CXnsâ KXn¡v hnLv\-am-Ip-¶-Xcw BN-c-W-§Ä Acp-sX¶pIqSn ChnsS

a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. C{]-Imcw Bßm-hns\ cYnbmbpw ico-cs¯ cY-ambpw Iev]n-̈ p. hmkvX-

h-̄ n ]m©-̀ u-Xn-I-kw-Lm-X-amb tZl-s¯bpw tZlm-Zyp-]m-[n-I-fnÂ\n¶p hne-£-W-\mb Bßm-hns\bpw thÀXn-cn-̈ -dn-bm-̄ -XmWv kÀÆ-hn[ t¢i-§Ä¡pw tlXp. AXn-hnsS ImWn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p; Cu tZlw shdpw cYw,

AXnsâ bP-am-\-\m-bn-«p-ÅXv Bßm-hpw. Cu t`Zw th−pw-h®w {Kln-¡p-I-bpw, kzbm-{Xbv¡v cYs¯ icn-bmw-h®w D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw thWw. XpSÀ¶v _p²nsb kmc-Yn-tbmSv D]-an-¡p-¶pþ "_p²nw Xp kmcYnw hn²n'þ _p²nsb kmc-Yn-sb-¶-dn-bq F¶v. _p-²n-bmWv ico-c-am-Ip¶ cYw \bn-¡p¶ kmc-Yn, _p²n-bm-bn-cn-¡Ww ico-c-c-Ys¯ \bn-t¡-−-Xv. F´mWv

\ap-¡n-hn-sS-\n¶pw ]Tn-¡m-\pÅ ]mTw? A´x-I-c-W-̄ nsâ \nÝ-bm-ßnI hr¯n¡mWv _p²n F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv. GsXmcp Imcyhpw Dd-̧ n-¡p-¶Xv _p²n-bm-Wv. Dd-̧ n-¡pI-þ-A-²y-h-km-bw, \nÝbw sN¿p-IþF-¶-Xn-t\m-sSm-̧ w-Xs¶ {Kmly-Xym-Py-i-àn-þ-Im-cym-Im-cy-hn-th-N-\-i-ànbpw _p²n-Xs¶ F¶-dn-b-Ww. Cusbmcp _p²n-bmWv ico-c-c-Y-¯nsâ kmcYn F¶p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ F´p ImcyhpwXs¶ \nÝ-bn-̈ p-d-̧ n-̈ nt« {]hÀ¯n-¡mhq F¶pw B \nÝbw sN¿p¶Xn Imcym-Im-cy-hn-th-N\w \S¯n-bn-cn-¡Ww F¶pw hcp-¶p. AÃmsX C{µn-b-§Ä HmSpw-t]msetbm, a\Êv {]tem-̀ n-̧ n-¡pw-t]m-setbm hnth-I-c-ln-X-ambn H¶pw {]hÀ¯n-̈ p-Iq-sS¶pw kn²-am-hp-¶p. _p-²n-sb kmc-Yn-bmbn Iev]n-̈ -Xnsâ {]m[m-\ym-[n-Iys¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ \mw a\Ên-sâbpw, C{µn-b-§-fp-sSbpw Hs¡

Øm\s¯ Adn-tb−nbn-cn-¡p-¶p. \ap¡p Nn´n-¡mw. _p²nsb kmc-Yn-bm-bp-]-an¨ tijw a\-Êns\ ISn-ªm-Wmbn Iev]n-¡p-I-bmWv D]-\n-jXv sN¿p-¶-Xvþ ""a\x {]{K-l-tah N''þa-\Êv ISn-

ªm¬Xs¶sb¶-dnbq F¶v. _mlym-́ x-I-c-W-§-fmWv \ap-¡pÅ D]m-[n-IÄ. A´x-I-cWw F¶Xv hr¯n-t -̀Z-̄ m apJy-am-bpw a\-sÊ-¶pw, _p²n-sb¶pw c−p-{]-Im-c-̄ n-se-¶-dn-ªp-sIm-Å-Ww. A´x-I-c-W-̄ nsâ \nÝ-bm-ßnIhr¯n-¡mWv _p²n-sb¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv. AXp-t]mse k¦-ev]-hn-Iev]w sN¿p¶ hr¯n-bmWv a\Êv. GXp hnj-b-s¯¡p-dn¨pw, A§-s\tbm C§-s\-tbm, icntbm sXtäm, thWtam th−-tbm, Imcytam AIm-cytam F¶n-{]-Imcw k¦-ev]-hn-I-ev]-§Ä sN¿p-¶Xv a\-Êm-Wv. a\Êv k¦-ev]-hn-Iev]w sN¿p-¶-Xn \n¶v H¶ns\ \nÝ-bn-̈ p-d-̧ n-¡p-¶Xv _p²n-bm-Wv. k¦-ev]-hn-I-ev]m-ß-I-hr-̄ n-bmb a\Êv C{µn-b-§-fp-ambn t\cn«p _Ô-s¸«v ]¯v C{µn-

b-§-fp-sSbpw A²y-£-Øm-\-̄ m-Wp-Å-Xv. ChnsS, a\-Êns\ ISn-ªm-Wmbpw _p²nsb kmc-Yn-bmbpw Iev]n-

¨XnÂ\n¶pw a\Êv {]tem-̀ n-̧ n-¡pw t]msetbm, k¦-ev]-hn-Iev]w sN¿pw-t]m-setbm H¶pw {]hÀ¯n-̈ p-Iq-sS¶pw, \nÝ-bm-ßn-Ibpw Imcym-Im-cy-hn-th-N-\m-ßn-I-bp-amb _p²n-bm thWw ico-c-cYw Pohn-X-bm-{Xm-]-Y-̄ n \bn-

¡-s¸-tS-−-sX-¶pw, _p²n-bpsS ]nSn-bnepw \nb-{´W-̄ nepw thWw a\-sʶpw {Knln¡mw.

XpSÀ¶v C{µn-b-§sf IpXn-c-I-Ä F¶p Iev]n-¡p-I-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv.

“C{µn-bmWn lbm³ Blpx”þC-{µn-b-§sf IpXn-c-I-sf¶p ]d-bp-¶p. "]d-bp¶p' F¶-Xn\v ico-c-c-Y-I-ev]-\m-Ip-i-e-·m-cmb ]qÀÆ Ejo-iz-cÀ ]d-bp¶p F¶p [cn-¡-Ww. t\m¡q, D]-\n-j-±r-jn-t]mepw ]qÀÆÀjn-Isf D²-cn-¡p-¶Xv! AsX, A\m-Zn-bmb Kpcp-]-c-¼-c-bn-ep-d¨ D]-tZ-i-{I-a-amWv k\m-X-\-

[À½-̄ nsâ alna!! cYs¯ hen-̈ p-sIm-−p-t]m-Ip-¶Xv IpXn-c-I-fm-sW-¶-t]mse Cu ico-c-c-

Ys¯ hen-¡p-¶Xv C{µn-b-¡p-Xn-c-I-fm-Wv. C{µn-b-§Ä F¶p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ A©p Úmt\-{µn-b-§-sfbpw A©p IÀt½-{µn-b-§-sfbpw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. t{imt{X-{µn-bw, XzKn-{µn-bw, t\t{X-{µn-bw, ck-t\-{µn-bw, {LmtW-{µnbw F¶o As©-®-amWv ]©-kq-£va-̀ q-X-§-fpsS kXz-Im-cy-§fpw kzkz-Im-c-W-amb ]©-̀ q-X-Kp-W-§sf Adn-bp¶hbp-amb Úmt\-{µn-b-§-Ä F¶-dn-b-Ww. BIm-iw, hmbp, Aán, Pew, `qan F¶o ]©-̀ q-X-§-fpsS kq£va-X-·m-{X-I-fn \n¶p-ap-−mb Úmt\-{µn-b-§Ä bYm-{Iaw AXXp `qX-Kp-Ws¯ Adn-bp¶p. i_vZ-kv]Ài-cq-]-c-k-K-Ô-§sf Adn-bp-¶p.

hmKn-{µn-bw, ]mWo-{µn-bw, ]mtZ-{µn-bw, ]mbzn-{µn-bw, D]-tØ-{µnbw F¶o As©-®-amWv ]©-kq-£va-̀ q-X-§fpsS cPx-Im-cy-§-fmb IÀt½-{µn-b-§Ä. Ch-bpsS {Inb-IÄ bYm-{Iaw ]d-bp-I, FSp-¡p-I, Kan-¡p-I, hnkÀ Ön-¡p-I, B\-µn-¡pI (-{]-Xyp-Xv]m-Z\w \S-̄ p-I) F¶n-h-bmWv. euIn-I-§-fmb

kÀÆ{Inb-Ifpw Ch-bn-e-́ À -̀hn-¡p¶p. tZlwsIm−pÅ kIe {Inb-I-sfbpw sN¿p-¶-h IÀ t½{µn-b-§-fm-sW-

¶-Xn-\m-epw, AXn\pth−Xmb hnj-b-t_m[w D−m-¡p-¶h Úmt\-{µn-b-§-fm-sW-¶-Xn-\mepw Cu tZls¯ apt¶m«p \bn-¡p¶ IpXn-c-IÄ

Úmt\{µnb-§ÄXs¶ F¶p-d-̧ n-¡p-¶p. Chn-sS, C{µn-b-§Ä IpXn-c-I-sf-¶pw, a\Êv ISn-ªm-sW-¶pw, _p²n

kmcYnsb¶pw {ipXnbm D]-an¡s¸«phtÃm. XpSÀ¶v “hnj-bm³ tXjp

tKmN-cm³” (hn-²n)C{µn-b-§Ä¡v tKmN-c§-fm-bh hnj-b-§fmIp¶p F¶mWv {ipXn Acp-fp-¶Xvþ ChnsS Hcev]w hnNn-́ \w A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. cY-kzman Bßm-sh¶pw cYw tZl-sa¶pw ]d-ª-ti-j-am-WtÃm kmc-Yn, ISn-ªm¬, IpXn-c-IÄ F¶n-hsb ]d-ª-Xv? AXn\m cY-kzm-an-bpsS e£y-

¯n-te¡pÅ bm{X-Xs¶ apJysa¶pw, AXn-\p-th-−n-am-{X-amWv asäÃmwXs¶-sb¶pw hcp-¶p. cY-hpw, cYw \bn-¡p¶ IpXn-c-I-fpw, Ahsb \bn-t¡-−p¶ kmc-Yn-bpw, AXn-\-bmÄ¡pÅ ISn-ªmWpw FÃmw cY-kzman-bpsS bm{X-bv¡p-th−n am{Xw;-e-£y-{]m-]vXn-¡p-th-−n-am-{Xw.

C{µn-b-¡p-Xn-c-Isfbpw C{µn-b-hn-j-b-§-sfbpw ]d-bp-¶n-S¯v “hnj-bm³

tXjp tKmN-cm³” F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xn-\m ChnsS Úmt\-{µn-b-§Ä¡p-Xs¶ apJyXzw F¶p [cn-t¡-−-Xm-Wv. t\m¡q, IpXn-c-IÄ¡v CjvS hnjb-§-fn tabp-I-bm-Wn-jvSw. C{µn-b-¡p-Xn-c-IÄ¡v i_vZ-kv]Ài-cq-]-c-k-K-Ô-§-fm-Ip¶ hnj-b-§Ä t`mKn-¡p-I-bm-Wn-jvSw. F¶m bm{Xmat²y IpXn-c-IÄ A{]-Imcw tabp-¶Xv cY-kzm-an¡v A\n-jvS-am-Ip-¶p-þ-A-ln-X-am-Ip-¶p. A©p IpXn-c-Isf ]q«nb cY-̄ n HcmÄ bm{X-bvs¡m-cp-§p-t¼mÄ B

A©p IpXn-c-Ifpw A©phgn¡v HmSpIbm-sW-¦n F´mhpw cY-̄ nsâ ØnXn? Ahn-sS-̄ s¶ adn-ªp-ho-gp--sa¶pw, e£y-{]m-]vXnbp−m-Ip-¶-X-söpw {]tXy-In¨v ]d-tb-−-Xn-ÃtÃm. AXn-\m Ft¸mgpw C{µn-b-¡p-Xn-c-Isf a\-Êm-Ip¶ ISn-ªm-Wp-]-tbm-Kn¨v _p²n-km-cYn \nb-{´n¨p

\bn¡Ww. C{µn-b-§-fp-ambn a\-Ên-\m-Wv t\cn«p _ÔapÅXv. AXn-\m¯s¶

C{µn-b-§Ä ImWn-¡p¶ hnj-b-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v a\Êv k¦-ev]-hn-I-ev]-§sf sN¿pw. At¸mÄ \nÝ-bm-ßn-I-bmb _p²n a\-Ên¶p-]cn Xsâ A[o-iXzw Øm-]n-t¡-−Xpw a\-Êp-sIm−v C{µnb\nb-{´Ww sNt¿-−-Xp-am-Ip-¶p-sh¶p a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. C{µn-b- -a-t\m-\n-b-{´-W-§-fpsSþia-Za§-fpsSþapJy-Xz-amWv ChnsS {i²n-t¡-−-Xv-.- Z-ahpw ia-hpw ]c-kv]cw A\p-]q-c-I-§-fm-Wv. C{µn-b-\n-b-{´-W-am-Ip¶ Zaw at\m-\n-b-a-\-am-Ip¶ ia-̄ n\v hgn-sh-¡p-¶p. ia-̄ mte Zaw ]qÀ®-am-Iq. AXpsIm−v Ft¸mgpw hnthI{]Ú a\-Ên¶p]cn thW-sa¶pw hnth-I-c-ln-X-ambn Hcp \nan-jw-t]mepw \bn-¡-cp-

sX¶pw hcp-¶p. C{µn-b-¡p-Xn-c-Isf a\-Êm-Ip¶ ISn-ªm-Wn-\m _p²n-kmcYn \nb-an-¡-

Ww, \bn-¡-Ww. C{µn-b-§Ä AX-Xn-jvS-hnj-bs¯ ImWn-¡p-t¼mÄ _p²n k¦-ev]-hn-I-ev]m-ßIhr¯n-bmb a\-Êns\s¡m−v B hnj-b-§-fpsS

KpW-tZmjNn´\w \S-̄ n-¡-Ww. hnj-b-¯n tZmj-ZrjvSn ZrV-ambn shfn-s¸-«m¸ns¶ Ahbnte¡v t`mK-Nn-́ tbmsS C{µn-bs¯ XÅn-hn-Sn-Ã. AXn-\mbn hnj-b-§-fpsS bYm-X-Y-amb Nn´\w A´x-I-c-W-̄ n-ep-−m-bn-cn-¡-Ww. DZm-l-c-W-̄ n\v kv{Xo]p-cp-jmZnt`Zw Iev]n¨v, A-Xn Úmt\{µn-b-§-sf-s¡m-−-dnª i_vZ-kv]Ài-cq-]-c-k-KÔ-§-fm-Ip¶ hnj-b-§-sfbpw Ah-bnse kpJ-Xz-s¯bpw ]cn-I-ev]n¨v a\-Êv-þ-IÀt½-{µn-b-§-fn-eqsS -þ-B-b-Xnsâ t`mK-̄ n-te¡v \s½ {]tem-̀ n-̧ n-¡p-¶p-sh-¶n-cn-¡-s«, B Ah-k-c-¯n hnj-b-̄ nsâ hmkvX-hn-I-amb cq]-̄ n bmsXm-cm-I-Àj-Wo-b-X-bp-an-söpw BIÀj-Wo-bX Úmt\-{µn-b-§-fm-e-dn-ª-Xn a\Êp Iev]n-̈ p-−m-¡n-b-Xm-sW¶pw hmkvX-h-̄ n tZl-sa-¶Xv aÖm-Øn-amw-k-a-e-aq-{X-c-àmZn hkvXp-¡Ä Xzt{Km-a-\-Jm-Zn-bm- aqS-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶ ZpÀK-Ô-Zp-jvS-am-b -kw-Lm-X-am-sW¶papÅ hnNmcw AtX a\-Êns\s¡m−p- sN¿n-¡p-¶-Xm-In C{µn-b-§Ä \nhÀ¯n-¡p-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. C{]-Imcw hnth-I-̄ m C{µn-b-§sf \nb-{´n-¡-Ww. C{µn-b-\n-b-{´-W-̄ m at\m-\n-b-{´-W-hpw- km-[nXam-Ip-¶p. hnth-I-P-\y-amb C{µn-b-\n-b-{´Ww kzm[o-\-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\p-ap¼v C{µn-b-Z-a\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. F¶m hnth-I-P-\n-X-amb C{µn-b-\n-b-{´Ww kzm[o-\-am-bm¸ns¶ Za\w Bh-iy-an-Ã. DZm-l-c-W-̄ n-\v, NpäpapÅ ]pÃpw aäpw t\m¡p-¶Xp XS-bp-¶Xn\pw t\sc am{Xw ImWp-¶-Xn-\p-ambn IpXn-c-I-fpsS apJ¯vþI®n-\v hi-§-fn-te¡p ImWm-\m-hm¯ Xc-̄ nÂþHcp N« sI«m-dp-−v. F¶m CtX- Ip-Xn-c-IÄ A`ym-k-h-im kzbw \nb-{´n-X-§-fm-bm C{]Imcw N« sIt«-−-Xnà F¶pam{X-a-Ã, kmcYntbm ISn-ªmtWm t]mepw Bh-iy-anà F¶ ØnXnbpw hcmw. {Kma-§-fnÂ\n¶pw km[-\hpwsIm−v ZqscbpÅ N -́I-fnÂt¸mbn Xncn-̈ p-t]m-Ip¶ ]e IpXn-c-h−n-I-fnepw Imf-h-−nIfnepw, HmSn-¡p-¶-bmÄ kpJ-ambn InS-¶p-d-§p-¶Xpw bmsXmcp Ipg-̧ hpw hc-p-̄ msX h−n e£y-̄ nte¡v t]mIp-¶Xpw {Kma-§-fn Øncw ImgvN-bm-Wv. F¶m kzbw \nb-{´n-X-am-bn-«n-Ãm¯

Ah-Ø-bn CXp ]d-ªn«pw Imcy-an-Ã.

a\-Êm-Ip¶ ISn-ªm¬ Ft¸mgpw _p²n-bpsS hiw thW-sa-¶p ]d-ªp-htÃm. AÃm-̄ -]£w AXv C{µn-b-§Ä {]tem-̀ n-̧ n-¡pw-t]mse hnj-b-§-fn-te¡p ]c-¡w-]m-bpw. Cu ØnXn \½psS kÀÆ-\m-i-̄ n-\p-Xs¶ tlXp-hm-

Ipw.

“C{µn-bmWmw ln NcXmw b·-t\mf-\p-hn-[o-btXI

XZky lcXn {]Úmw hmbpÀ\m-h-an-hmw-̀ knII” ( -̀K-hZv-Ko-X-þ2-þ67 = hnj-b-§-fn Ncn-¡p¶ C{µn-b-§sf bmsXmcp a\-ÊmtWm A\p-[m-h\w sN¿p-¶Xv, AXvþ ISen Imäv tXmWn-sb-sb-¶-h®w {]Úsb lcn-

¡p¶p) F¶p `K-hm\pw Acp-fp-¶p. th−pw-h-®-apÅ C{µn-b-a-t\m-\n-b-{´-Whpw Dd¨ e£y-t_m-[hpw _p²n-bpsS kmc-Yyhpw Pohn-X-c-Y-bm-{X-bn A\n-hm-cy-amIp-¶q F¶Xt{X

C{Xbpwt\cs¯ Nn´-bnÂ\n¶pw kn²-am-hp-¶-Xv. XpSÀ¶v ‘Btß-{µn-b-a-

t\m-bpàw t`màm’ F¶mWv {ipXn Acp-fp-¶-Xv. C{µn-b-a-t\m-bp-à-amb Bßm-hmWv t`màm-hv. C{µn-b-§-tfmSpw A´x-I-cWt¯mSpw IqSp¶

AhØ-bnte Bßm-hnÂþF-¶nÂ-þ-t`m-àr-Xz-ap-Åq-sh¶pw Fsâ kzXx-kz-cq-]-̄ n IÀXr-Xztam t`màr-Xztam Csöpw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. IÀXr-Xz-t`m-àr-Xz-§-sfÃmw F¶n D]m-[n-I-ev]n-X-§fmIp¶p! AXp-t]m-se Bßm-hm-Ip¶ ssNX-\y-tPym-Xn-Ên-\m tNX-\m-bp-à-§-fm-¡-s¸-«mte C{µn-b-a-\-Êp-I-sf-Ãmw-Xs¶ kzkz-hym-]m-c-̄ n\v kaÀ°-§-fm-Ip-¶pÅq F¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. Cusbmcp Nn´-bnÂ\n¶pw kz´w Akw-K-kz-cq-]-a-dn-bm-dm-hpw. Bb-

X-dn-ªm-em-hs« kzØ-\p-am-hp-¶p. hmkvX-h-̄ n P·-e-£ys¯ t_m[n-̧ n¡pIbpw, B Hcp e£y-{]m-]vXn-¡mbn D]-I-c-W-§sf D]-tbm-Kn-t¡-−p¶Xnsâ- hn-[m\s¯ D]-tZ-in-¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ AXn-a-l-̄ mb a{ -́§-fmWv Ch F¶p ImWmw.

Cusbmcp ico-c-c-Y-cq-]-I-ev]-\-bn \n¶pw \njv]-¶-am-hp¶ Nn´sb {ipXn kzb-tah Acp-fp-I-bmWv XpSÀ¶pÅ A©p- a-{´-§-fn-eqsS sN¿p-¶-Xv.

bkvXz-hn-Úm-\-hm³ `h-Xy-bp-tà\ a\km kZm I Xtky-{µn-bm-Wy-h-iym\n

ZpjvSmizm Ch kmctYx II(1þ3þ5)

A\z-bmÀ°-§Ä:þ

bx Xp=bmsXm-cm-fmtWm Ahn-Úm-\-hm³ = hnÚm-\ (-ss\-]p-Wy)cln-X³ Abp-tà\ a\km = Ak-am-ln-X-amb a\-tÊmsS

kZm =Ft¸mgpw `hXn = `hn-¡p-¶p(-thm) Xky = Abm-fpsS

C{µn-bmWn = C{µn-b-§Ä kmctYx = kmc-Yn-bpsS

ZpjvSmizmx Ch = ZpjvSm-iz-§Ä IW-t¡

Ah-iym\n = Ahiy-§-fm-bn-cn-¡pw(-h-i-¯n-em-hn-Ã) Bcm-tWm A\n-]p-W-\mbpw Ak-am-lnXa\-kvI \mbpw Ign-bp-¶-Xv,

Abm-fpsS C{µn-b-§Ä kmc-Yn¡v ZpjvSm-iz-§-sf-¶-t]mse Ah-iy-§-fm-bn-cn-¡pw.

Bi-b-hn-i-Zo-I-cWw:-þ t\ct¯ \mw ]Tn¨ ico-c-c-Y-cq-]-I-ev]-\-bn \n¶pw hnth-I-¯nsâ Bh-iy-I-X-sbbpw, _p²n a\-Ên-s\-s¡m−v C{µn-b-§sf XoÀ¯pw\nb-{´n-̈ n-cn-t¡-−Xns\bpw ]d-ªp. C{]-Imcw AsÃ-¦nepÅ `hn-jy-̄ mWv ChnsS ]d-

bp-¶Xv-. Ahn-Úm-\-hm-\mb kmcYn F¶-Xn-\m A\n-]p-W-\m-b-þ-c-Y-N-cy-bn \n-]p-W-\Ãm¯ -km-cYn AÀ°-am-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. cYw HmSn-¡p¶ kmcYn F{]-Imcw AXy-́ -\n-]p-W-\m-bn-cn-t¡Wtam, A{]-Imcw ico-c-c-Ys¯ \bn-t¡− _p²n-km-cYnbpw AXy-́ -\n-]pW\m-h-Ww. AÃm-̄ -]£w PohnX-KXn XI-cm-dn-em-b-Xp-Xs¶. kZm hnth-I-hm-\mb kmc-Yn¡v IpXn-c-I-fn Ft¸mgpw \nb-{´Ww thWw F¶t]mse a\Êv Ft¸mgpw _p²n-¡-[o-

\ambncn-¡-Ww. A§-s\-b-Ãm¯ Ah-Øsb ImWn-̧ m-\mWv ‘Abp-tà\

a\km’ F¶p {]tbm-Kn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. AXm-bXv GsXm-cm-fmtWm A\n-]p-W-\mbpw Ak-am-ln-X-a-\-kvI-\mbpw Pohn-X-am-Ip¶ bm{X-bn tZl-am-Ip¶ cYs¯ \bn-¡p-¶-Xv, \nÝ-b-ambpw Abm-fpsS C{µn-b-¡p-Xn-c-IÄ Ah-iy-§fmbn-cn-¡pw. hiy-§Ä F¶m X\n¡v hio-I-cn-¡m-\m-hp-¶-h. A{]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-¡n-söp ]d-ªm Ah Ah-bpsS CjvS-hn-j-b-§-fn ]c-¡w-]m-bp-¶-h-bm-bpw, kay-¡mbn \nb-{´n-¡-s¸-Sm¯hbm-bp-an-cn-¡pw F¶À°w.

At¸mÄ \½psS Pohn-X-bm{X icn-bmbn \S-¡p-I-bn-Ã. Chn-sS, A\n]p-Wsâ C{µn-b-§sf kmcYnbpsS ZpjvSm-iz-§-tfm-Sp-]-an-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. ZpjvSm-iz-§Ä F¶m ZpjvS-§-fmb, Zaw ioen-̧ n¡s¸-«n«n-

Ãm¯, \nb-{ -́W-̄ n hcm¯ IpXn-c-IÄ F¶À°w. A{]-Im-c-a-mbn-cn¡pw Ahn-th-In-bpsS C{µn-b-§-fpw. hnhn[ hnj-b-Pm-e-§fnte¡p t`mKmÀ°w HmSp¶ Ah cYnbpsS bm{X-sb-̄ s¶ A]-I-S-̄ nÂs¸Sp¯pw. XpSÀ¶v hnth-In-bmb kmc-Yn-bpsS kZ-iz-§Ä IW-s¡bpÅ hnth-In-

bpsS C{µn-b-§-sf ]d-bp¶p:

bkvXp hnÚm-\-hm³ `hXn bptà\ a\km kZm I Xtky-{µn-bmWn hiym\n

kZizmx Ch kmctYx II (1þ3þ6)

A\z-bmÀ°-§Ä:þ

bx Xp = bmsXm-cm-fmtWm hnÚm-\-hm³ = hnÚm-\-t¯m-sSm-̄ -h³

kZm= Ft¸mgpw bptà\ a\km = bpàamb a\-tÊm-Sp-IqsS

`hXn = `hn-¡p-¶(-Xv) Xky = Abm-fpsS

C{µn-bmWn= C{µn-b-§Ä kmctYx = kmc-Yn-bpsS

kZizmx Ch=kZ-iz-§Ä F¶-t]mse hiym\n=hiy-§Ä (-B-bn-cn-¡pw)

BcmtWm \n]p-W-\mbpw kZm kam-ln-X-amb a\-tÊm-Sp IqSn-b-h-\mbpw Ccn-¡p-¶-Xv, Abm-fpsS C{µn-b-§Ä kmc-Yn-bpsS kZ-iz-§Ä IWt¡ hiy-

§fmbn-cn-¡pw.

Bi-b-hn-i-Zo-I-cWw:þ

Ignª a{ -́̄ n ]d-ª-Xn\p t\sc hn]-co-X-amb Ah-Ø-bmWv ChnsS ]d-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. hnÚm-\n-bm-b-h³ F¶-Xn-\m kZm \n]p-W-\m-bn-, Imcym-Im-cy-hn-th-I-bp-à-\m-bn-cn-¡p-¶-bmsf ]d-bp-¶p. A§s\-bp-Å-h\pw kZm ka-\-kvI-\p-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-h\v, AXm-bX,v kzh-i-̄ n \nb-{´n-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶ at\m-hr-̄ n-I-tfm-sSm-̄ -h\v kZm \nb-{´-Wm-[o-\-§-fmb C{µn-b-§Ä kZ-iz-§Ä IWt¡ hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p. C{]-Im-c-apÅ _p²n-¡-[o-\-§-fm-bn-cn¡pw kZm C{µn-b-§Ä F¶À°w. Ah cY-bm-{Xbv¡v A\n-jvS-§-fmb KXn-bn Nen-¡p-¶n-Ã. C{µnbat\m-_p-²n-I-fpsS kay-¡mb tNÀ -̈sIm−v

Pohn-X--bm{X kpK-a-am-Ip-¶p. C§s\ hnth-In-bmb kmc-Yn¡v Aiz-§Ä hiy-§fmIp¶p F¶pw A\n]p-W\mIs« Ah-iy-§fmbn-cn¡pw F¶pw]dªv Bb-Xns\

ZmÀjvSm´n-Ihp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp¯n kam-ln-X-a-\-kvI-\mbhsâ _p²n¡v A[o-\-§fmbncn¡pw C{µn-b-§Ä F¶pw A{]-Im-c-a-Ãm-̄ -bmÄ¡v C{µn-b-§Ä A[o\§-fm-bn-cn-¡n-söpw ]d-bp-I-bmWv {ipXn sN¿p-¶-Xv. e£y-{]m]vXn F¶Xv hnth-In-¡p-Å-Xm-sW¶p ImWn-̧ m³ XpSÀ¶v Acp-fp¶p:

bkvXz-hn-Úm-\-hm³ `hþ -Xy-a-\kvIx kZmipNnx I \ k XXv]-Z-am-]vt\mXn

kwkmcw Nm[n-K-ÑXn II (1þ3þ7)

A\z-bmÀ°-§Ä:þ

bx Xp = bmsXm-cm-fmtWm Ahn-Úm-\-hm³ = A\n]pW³

Aa-\kvIx = Ak-am-ln-X-a-\-tÊm-sSm-̄ -h³ kZm AipNnx = Ft¸mgpw Aip-Nn-bm-b-h³

`hXn=`hn-¡p-¶p(-thm) kx= Ah³

XXv]Zw= B ]Zs¯ \ B]vt\mXn = {]m]n-¡p-¶nà kwkmcw N = kwkm-cs¯¯s¶ A[n-K-ÑXn =- {]m]n-¡p-¶p, sN¶p-tN-cp¶p

bmsXm-cm-fmtWm A\n-]p-W-\m-bpw, Ak-am-ln-X-a-\-kvI-\mbpw (AXn-\m¯-s¶) Aip-Nn-bmbpw Ign-bp-¶Xv A§-s\-bp-Å-bmÄ B ]Zs¯

{]m]n-¡p-¶n-Ã. kwkm-cs¯ {]m]n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

Bi-b-hn-i-Zo-I-cWw:þ ap³ a{ -́̄ n A\n-]p-W\pw Ak-am-ln-X-a-\-kvI-\p-am-b-hsâ C{µn-b-

§Ä kmc-Yn-bpsS ZpjvSm-iz-§Ä t]mse Ah-iy-§-fm-bn-cn¡pw F¶p ]d-ªp. A§-s\-bpÅhcpsS Pohn-X-K-Xn-sb-bmWv ChnsS ]d-bp-¶-Xv.

ChnsS ‘hnÚm-\-hm³’ F¶p-ÅXv hnÚm-\n-bmbþ cY-N-cy-bn \n]p-W-\mbþkm-c-Yn(-_p-²n)-þ-F¶ AÀ°-̄ nepw A{]-Im-c-apÅ kmc-Yn-tbm-sSm-̄ - cYn(B-ßm-hv) F¶ AÀ°-̄ nepw a\-Ên-em-¡mw. h-iy-§-fÃm¯ C{µn-b-§-tfmsSm¯pw, Ak-am-ln-X-amb a\-tÊm-sSm-̄ pw, AhnthIm-ß-I-amb A´x-I-c-W-t¯m-sSm-̄ p-apÅ Poh³ P·-e-£ys¯ {]m]n-¡p-¶n-söpam{X-

a-Ã, kwkm-cs¯ {]m]n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p.

XXv]Zw F¶-Xn-\m ChnsS Pohn-X-e-£y-s¯-bmWv ]dbp-¶-Xv. “bkvamZv

`qtbm \ PmbtX” (bmsXm¶ns\ {]m]n-¨m ]ns¶ ho−pw P\n-¡p-¶n-Ã-tbm)-F¶v XpSÀ¶pÅ a{ -́̄ nepw ]d-bm³t]mIp-¶p. KXn Xocp-¶Xv e£y-{]m-]vXn-bn-em-sW-¶-Xn-\m ]p\-cm-hr-̄ n-c-ln-X-]Zw F¶m ]cw-e-£yw-X-

s¶.

F´mWo XXv]-Z-sa-¶mÂ? ‘XXv’ F¶Xn\v ‘AXv’ F ¶mWv `mj-bn-eÀ°-sa-¦nepw thZm-́ -̄ n ]camßmhv F¶m-WÀ°w. At¸mÄ XXv]Z-{]m]vXn F¶m ]c-am-ß-]-Z-{]m]vXn. AXm-b-Xv, AhnZym-h-c-W-§-fpsS hne-b-̄ n Xm³Xs¶ ]c-am-ßmhv F¶ t_m[m-hm-]vXn-bmWv hm-kvX-h-̄ n XXv]-Z-{]m-

]vXn. CXp-Xs¶ apàn-bpw. C{µn-b-a-t\m-\n-b-{´Ww ]qÀ®ambpw kn²n-̈ -h¶pw hnth-In-bm-bh¶pw

am{Xta AÚm\m-h-c-W-§sf hne-bn-̧ n-¡m\mhq. AXn-\m P·-e£yw {]m]n-¡-W-sa-¦n CuhI A`ym-k-§Ä sN¿q F¶n-hnsS DZvt_m-[n-̧ n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. Cusbmcp ]cw-]-Z-{]m-]vXn-bmWv XpSÀ¶pÅ a{ -́̄ n-e-cp-fp-¶-Xv.

-bkvXp hnÚm-\-hm³ `hXn ka-\kvIx kZm ipNnx I k Xp XXv]-Z-am-]vt\mXn

bkvamZv `qtbm \ PmbtX II (1þ3þ8) A\z-bmÀ°§Ä:þ bx Xp = bmsXm-cm-fmtWm

hnÚm-\-hm³ = hnthI-hm-\m-bn ka-\kvIx = kam-ln-X-a-\-kvI-\mbn kZm ipNnx = Ft¸mgpw ipNn-bmbn `hXn = `hn-¡p-¶(-Xv), Ccn-¡p-¶Xv

k Xp= Ah-\m-I-s« XXv]Zw= XXv]-Zs¯ B]v-t\mXn= {]m]n-¡p¶p bkvamZv = bmsXm-¶nÂ\n¶pw

`qbx = ]n¶oSv \ PmbtX = P\n-¡p-¶nÃ

hnth-In-bpw, kam-lnXa\-kvI-\pw, ipNn-bp-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ bmsXm-cm-fpt−m AbmÄ, bmsXm-¶n-s\ {]m]n-̈ m ho−pw P-\n-t¡-−-Xn-Ã-tbm. B Hcp

]Zs¯ {]m]n-¡p¶p: Bi-b-hn-i-Zo-I-cWw:þ

kZm hnth-I-bp-à-\mbpw kam-ln-X-a-\-kvI-\mbpw ipNn-bmbpancn-¡p-¶-bm-sf-bmWv ChnsS ]d-bp-¶-Xv. ChnsS hnÚm-\-hm³-þhnth-I-bp-

à³þF¶p ]d-bp-¶-XnÂ\n¶pw kZm hnth-I-bp-à-amb _p²n-tbm-sSm-̄ -h³ Ft¶m, A{]-Im-c-apÅ _p²n- Ft¶m AÀ°-sa-Sp-¡mw. F¦nepw,

Pohsâ ]c-a-]-Z-{]m-]vXn-sb-bmWv ChnsS D]-\y-kn-¡p-¶Xv F¶-Xn-\m A-{]-Im-c-apÅ kmc-Yn-tbm-sSm-̄ -h³-þ-c-Yn-þ-F¶ AÀ°saSp-¡p-¶-Xmhpw IqSp-

XÂ bpàw. Imcym-Im-cy-hn-th-N-\iànbpw \nÝ-bm-ßnI hr¯n-bpamb _p²nsb

kZm ap³\nÀ¯p-¶-h³, B Hcp _p²n-sIm−v Nn´n-̈ p-d-̧ n-̈ p-am{Xw FÃm Imcy-§tfbpw sN¿p-¶-h³ F¶mWv hnÚm-\-hm³ F¶pÅ-Xn\v ChnsS AÀ°w. bm{X-bpsS e£y-ap-d-̧ n-̈ -h\pw B Hcp ]cw-e£y-̄ n-te¡v ico-c-am-Ip¶ kwLm-Xs¯ \nÝ-bm-ßnI_p²n-bm \bn-¡p-¶-h\pam-W-h³. Dd¨ e£y-t_m-[-ap-Å-h-\m-b-Xn-\m Ah\v amÀ¤-NypXn hcp-¶-Xà F¶p ImWn-̧ m-\mWv hnÚm-\-hm³ F¶ i_vZw {]tbm-Kn-̈ n-cn¡p-¶Xv.

C§-s\-bp-Å-bmÄ a\-Êm-Ip¶ ISn-ªm-Wn-t\m-sSm-̄ -h-\p-am-Wv. ‘ka-

\kvIx’ i_vZ-̄ m AXmWv ImWn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. AXm-bXv k¦-ev]-hn-I-ev]m-ß-I-amb a\-Êns\ kZm \nÝ-bm-ßn-I-bmb _p²n-bpsS A[o-\-X-bnepw \nb-{´-W-̄ nepw kq£n-¡p-¶-h-\pw, a\Êns\ ISn-ªm-Wmbn D]-tbm-Kn¨v C{µn-b-§sf kZm \nb-{´n-¡p-¶-h\pw BsW-¶À°w. C{]-Im-c-ap-Å-h\v Hcn-¡-epw hnj-b-§-fn-te¡v BIÀjn-¡-s¸«v amÀ¤-NypXn hcp-¶X-Ã. C§-s\-bpÅ hnÚm-\-hm-\pw, kam-ln-X-a-\-kvI-\p-amb BfpsS e£y-

{]m-]vXn-sbbmWv XpSÀ¶-cp-fp-¶-Xvþ ‘AbmÄ ]p\-cm-hr-̄ n-c-ln-X-amb B

]Zs¯ {]m]n-¡p¶p’ F¶v. CXp-Xs¶ P·-e-£yw. GXmWo ]p\-cm-hr-̄ n-c-ln-X-]Zw F¶Xv Aev]-ambn ASp¯ a{´-̄ n Nn´n-¡mw. GXm-bmepw P·-e-£y-{]m]vXn C{]-Im-c-apÅ hnth-Int¡ DÅq-sh¶pw AÃm¯bmÄ

kwkm-c-̄ n¯s¶ Ign-tb-−n-h-cp-¶p-sh¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡mw. XpSÀ¶v CXp-hsc ]dª Bi-b-§sf sam¯w kw{K-ln-̈ v, ico-c-c-Y-cq-]-

I-ev]-\sb D]-kw-l-cn-¡pIbmWv {ipXn. hnÚm-\-km-c-Yn-ÀbkvXp a\x {]{K-l-hm-¶cx I tkmf[z\x ]mc-am-]vt\mXn

XZznjvtWmx ]caw ]Zw II 1þ3þ9)

A\z-bmÀ°-§Ä:þ bx Xp = bmsXmcmfmtWm

hnÚm-\-km-cYnx = hnÚm-\-km-c-Yn-tbm-sSm-̄ -h³ a\x {]{K-l-hm³ = a\-Êm-Ip¶ ISn-ªm-tWmsSm-̄ h³

kx \cx = B(-A-§-s\-bp-Å) a\p-jy³ A[z\x = hgn-bpsS

]mcw = Aä-̄ nÂ, e£y-̄ n B]vt\mXn = {]m]n-¡p¶p

XZv = AXv hnjvtWm-x = hnjvWp-hnsâ

]caw ]Zw = ]c-a-amb ]Z-am-Ip¶p bmsXm-cm-fmtWm hnÚm-\-km-c-Yn-tbm-sSm-̄ pw, a\-Êm-Ip¶ ISn-ªm-

tWmsSm¯pw DÅXvþA§-s\-bpÅ BÄ hgn-bpsS Aä-̄ n sN¶p-tN-cp-¶p. BbXv hnjvWp-hnsâ ]c-a-]-Z-am-Ip-¶p.

Bi-b-hn-i-Zo-I-cWw:þ ChnsS CXp-hsc ]dª sam¯w Bi-b-§sf D]-kw-l-cn-̈ psIm−v am\-h-P-·-e-£y-{]m-]vXn BÀs¡¶pw AsX-s´¶pw Acp-fp-I-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv. hnÚm-\-km-cYn F¶-Xn\v hnÚm-\-i-àn-tbm-sSm¯ kmcYn F¶À°w ]dbmsa-¦nepw bm{X-bp-sS e£y¯nse-̄ p-¶p-sh¶ ^e-̄ nsâ A\p-tcm-[w-sIm−v ChnsS ]d-bp-¶Xv bm{Xn-I-s\-¸-än¯s¶-bm-sW-¶p-d-̧ n ¡mw. AXm-bXv cYnsb kw_-Ôn-̈ mWv ChnsS ]d-bp-¶-Xv. At¸mÄ hnÚm-\-km-cYn F¶Xn\v hnth-I-hn-Úm-\-hm-\mb _p²n-bmIp¶ kmc-Yn-tbm-sSm-̄ -h³ F¶pXs¶ AÀ°w FSp-¡-Ww. GsXm-cm-fmtWm Ft¸mgpw hnth-I-_p-²n-tbm-sSm-̄ n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, GsXmcp {]hr-̄ nbpw Imcym-Im-cy-hn-th-N\w sNbvXp-am{Xw A\p-jvTn-¡p-¶Xv Abmsf hnÚm-\-km-cYn F¶p ]d-bmw. A§-s\-bpÅ hnÚm-\-hm-\m-bn-cn-¡p¶ kmc-Yn¡v þ_p-²n¡vþXoÀ¯pw

A[o-\-amb a\-tÊm-sSm-̄ -h\pw, B a\-Êns\ C{µn-b-§Ä¡p-]-cn-bpÅ ISn-ªm-Wmbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-h-\pw F¶XmWv a\x-{]-{K-l-hm³ F¶-Xn-eqsS ]d-bs¸Sp-¶Xv. a\-Êns\ kZm ISn-ªm-Wm¡n C{µn-b-§-sf \nb-an-¡p-¶-h³, C{µn-b-§Ä hen-¡p¶t]mse hnj-b-§-fn-te¡v sN¶p ]Xn-¡m-̄ -h³, C{]-Im-c-apÅ a\p-jy³ Pohn-X-e-£y-¯n-se-̄ p¶p F¶mWv XpSÀ¶-cp-

fp-¶-Xv. kx \cx (B a\p-jy³) F¶m- ChnsS ]db-s¸« {]Im-c-apÅ BÄ F¶À°w. AbmÄ A[z\x ]mcw B]vt\m-Xn [hgn-bpsS Aä-

s¯(e£ys¯) {]m]n-¡p¶p]. hgn-bpsS Aä-sa-s´¶v ap³a{´-̄ n kqNn-̧ n-̈ ph-tÃm? AXm-bXv bmsXm-¶ns\ {]m]n-̈ m ]p\ÀÖ-\n-t¡-−-Xn-Ãtbm B ]p\-cm-hr-̄ n-c-ln-X-amb ]Z-amWv ]cwe£yw. \nc-Xn-i-b-am-btX ]c-am-hq. Bt]-£n-I-X-bpÅ GsXm-¶ns\ {]m]n-̈ mepw AXn-\p-]-cn-bpÅ asäm¶v tijn¡pw. kÀÆm-Xn-i-b-c-ln-Xhpw k¨n-Zm-\-µ-hp-am-b-Xn ]ns¶ Xmc-X-ay-̄ n\p asäm¶p tijn-¡m-bvI-bm AXp-Xs¶ ]cw ]mcw. \½nÂ\n-¶-\y-amb GsXm-cp-Øm-\s¯ {]m]n-̈ m-epw AhnsSsbÃmw AXn-

i-b-km-²y-X-bp-Å-Xn-\m AsXm-¶pw ]c-a-Ã. ]ns¶-bpw {]m]n-¡-s¸-tS-−-Xm-bn -a-säm-¶p-−m-hmw. Cu tem-Iw, ]nXrtemIw, tZh-temIw F¶n-§s\ GsXm-¶ns\ {]m]n-̈ mepw ]p\-cm--hr-̄ n-bp-−mIp-¶p. F¶m F´mWv kzkz-cq-]-sa-¶-dnªv Bb-Xn ØnX-\m-bm AXp-Xs¶ ]c-a-amb apàn. kÀÆ-hn-[- A-hn-Zym-h--c-W-§Ä¡p-ap-]-cn-bpÅ Xsâ ]qÀ®-kz-cq-]-s¯-b-

dnªmep-−m-hp¶ kzØ-X-Xs¶bmWv ]c-a-e£yw. ChnsS almßmhv IrX-Ir-Xy\pw Poh-·p-à-\p-am-Ip-¶p.

kzcq-]m-h-Øn-Xn-bm-Ip¶ hnÚm\wXs¶ apàn. AXp-Xs¶ P·-e-£y-

hpw. Bb-Xns\ {ipXn Acp-fp-I-bmWv: “XZznjvtWmx ]c-aw -]Zw” (AXv hnjvWp-hnsâ ]c-a]-Z-am-Ip-¶p). hgn-bpsS Aä-sa-¶Xv hnjvWp-hnsâ ]c-a-

ambþkÀtÆm]cn-bp-Å-þ ]Z-am-Ip-¶p. ChnsS {]Xy-Km-ßm-hp-Xs¶ hnjvWp F¶pÅ AssZzX-Úm-\-amWv ]d-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. hnjvWp F¶m kÀÆ-hym]n F¶À°w. kÀÆ-hym]n GI\pw AZzn-Xo-b-\p-am-bn-cn-¡-W-a-tÃm. GIhpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-amb kzkz-cq-]s¯

A]-tcm-£-ambn Adn-bp-¶-Xn-eqsS kÀÆ-hn[ AÚm-\m-h-c-W-§Ä¡p-ap-]cn kzkz-cq-]m-h-Øn-X-\m-hp¶q hnÚm-\n. AhnsS FÃmhgn-Ifpw Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶p. CXp-Xs¶ apàn. AhnsS kÀÆ-hn[ IÀ½-hm-k-\-Ifpw Zln-̈ p-t]m-

Ip-¶-Xn-\m ]ns¶ ]p\ÀÖ\n-¡p-¶n-Ã. ‘]c-a-’i_vZ-̄ m Cusbmcp hnjvWp-]-Z-{]m-]vXn-¡p-]cn asäm-¶n-söpw CXm-Ip¶p ]cwe£ysa¶pw Dd-

¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. ChnsS Hcp kwibw hcmw. GIhpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-amb ]cw]Zw

Xm³Xs¶ F¶m-sW-¦n ]ns¶ {]m]n-¡p¶q F¶ ]Z-{]-tbmKw A\À°-am-Ip-a-tÃm.F´p-sIms− ¶m A\y-am-b-Xn-s\-bm-WtÃm {]m]n-t¡−Xv. Cu kwibw bpàw-Xs¶. F¶m Bßmhv kzkz-cq-]-sa-¦nepw At\-I-hn[ AÚm-\m-h-c-W-§-fm ad-bv¡-s¸« Ah-Ø-bn D]m-[n-I-fn Rms\¶pw FsâsX¶p-apÅ A`n-am-\-§-fn Ign-ªt¸mÄ kzkz-cq]w Adn-b-s¸-«n-Ã. Bßmhv A\y-sa-¶-t]mse `mh\ sN¿-s¸-«p. X¯z-hn-Úm-\-Z-i-bnemhs« AXp Xm³Xs¶ F¶-dnªp. hmkvX-h-̄ n {]m]n-̈ X-sÃ-¦nepw ap¼v A\y-ambn Icp-Xn-b-Xns\ Adn-ªXm-b-Xn-\m {]m]n-¡pI F¶ ]Z-{]-tbmKw kwK-X-am-Wv.CXn-\p-a-̧ pdw hm¡n-\m ]db-s¸-Smhp-¶-XÃ.

D]-kw-lmcw C{]-Imcw ItTm-]-\n-j-̄ nse ico-c-c-Y-cq-]-IÂ]-\bpw AXn \n¶p

{Kln-t¡-−p¶ ]mT-§fpw AS-§p-¶-̀ mKw shdpw Ggpa{´-§-fn ]d-b-s¸-«-Xm-sW-¦nepw Pohn-X-¯nsâ amÀ¤-s¯bpw e£y-s¯bpw amÀ¤k-©m-c-s¯bpw ]än icn-bmb Hc-h-t_m[w \ap¡v \evIp-¶-XmWv. GIhpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-amb BßÚm\-̄ n-¶m-bn-s¡m-−pÅ bm{X-bn Cu D]m-[n-Isf F§s\-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-t¡-−Xv F¶n-hnsS D]-tZ-in-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. CXp-IqSmsX km[m-cW euIn-I-Po-hn-X-̄ nepw Cu sbmcp cq]-I-ev]-\-bn \n¶v ]eXpw DÄs¡m-Åm\pw ]Tn-¡m\pw Ds−¶p ImWm-\m-Ipw. C{µn-b-\nb-a-\¯nsâ B-hiyw, a\Êns\ _p²n-bpsS Iogn \nb-{´n-t¡−Xnsâ Bh-iy-IX, GXp-Imcyw sN¿p-t¼mgpw _p²n-sIm-−p-d-̧ n-t¡-−-Xnsâ Bh-iy-IX, C{]-Imcw sNbvXn-sÃ-¦n-epÅ A]-ISw XpS§n A\-h[n hnj-b-§Ä kZm kvac-Wo-b-§Ä Xs¶. IqSmsX tZlw \ap¡v P·-e-£y-̄ n-te-¡pÅ hml-\-am-sW¶pw CXns\ icn-bm-bp-]-tbm-Kn-¡-W-sa¶pw sXämbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡-cp-sX-¶pw CXn Rms\-¶ A-̀ n-am\w ths−¶pw aäp-apÅ At\-I-hn-j-b-§Ä {it²-b-§-fm-Wv. Hmtcm-cp-̄ -cp-sSbpw _p²n-_-e-¯n-\-\p-k-cn¨v Cusbmcp cq]I-̄ nÂ\n¶pw At\-ImÀ°-§sf {Kln-¡m-hp-¶Xpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-Po-hn-X-X-e-̄ n D]-tbm-K-̄ n hcp-̄ m-hp-¶-Xp-amWv.

A\p-_Ôw

ItTm-]-\n-j-̄ nse cY-cq-]-I-ev]-\sb {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p¶ a{´-§-fpsS icn-bmb Hcp DÄ¡mgvN In«p-¶-Xn-\pth−n `K-hm³ `mjy-Im-c³ {ioaѦ-cm-Nmcy `K-hZv ]mZ-§Ä Chsb hymJym\n¨-Xns\ Xmsg-¡pdn-¡p-¶p.

-̀ mjyw bx D]m-[n-IrXx kwkm-co -hn-Zym-hn-Zy-tbm-c-[n-IrtXm1 tam£-K-a-\mb kwkm-c-K-a-\mb N Xky XXp-̀ -b-Kat\ km[t\m cYx2 Iev]ytXþ

A\p-hmZw tZtlm]m[ntbmsSm¯-bm-sXmcp kwkm-cn-bp-t−m, tam£-K-a-\-¯n-\m-bn-

s¡m−pw kwkm-c-K-a-\-̄ n-\m-bn-s¡m−pw hnZym-hn-Zy-I-fn A[n-Im-cn-bmb1 Ah\v B c−p KXn-IÄ¡mbpapÅ km[\-am-b- cYw2 Iev]n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.

a{´w Bßm\w cYn\w hn²n icocw cY-ta-h Xp I _p²nw Xp kmcYnw hn²n a\x- {]-{K-l-ta-h N II

`mjyw X{X Xw Bßm\w EX-]w3 kwkm-cnWw4 cYn\w cY-kzm-an\w hn²n

Pm\oln I icocw cY-ta-h Xp cY-_² lb-Øm-\ossbx C{µnssbx BIr-jy-am-W-XzmXv ico-cky I _p²nw Xp A²y-h-kmbe£Wmw kmcYnw hn²n _p²nt\Xr-{]-[m-\-XzmXv ico-cky kmcYnt\Xr-{]-[m\ Ch cYx I kÀÆw ln tZlKXw Imcyw _p²n-IÀ -̄hy-tah {]mtbW I a\x

k¦ev]hnI-ev]mZn e£-Ww5 {]{Klw ci\mw hn²n I a\km ln {]Kr-lo-Xm\n t{im{Xm-Zo\n6 Ic-Wm\n7 {]hÀ¯t´ ci-\bm Ch Aizmx II 3

II A\p-hmZw

AXn IÀ½-̂ ew A\p-̀ -hn-¡p¶3 kwkm-cn-bmb4 Bßm-hns\ cYn-sb¶v, cY-kzm-an-sb¶v \o Adn-bq. cY-̄ n ]q«nb IpXn-c-I-fpsS Øm\-̄ p-Å-h-bmb C{µn-b-§-fm hen-¡-s¸-Sp¶XmIp¶q icocw F¶-XpsIm−v ico-cs¯bmIs« cYwXs¶-sb-¶v (\o Adnbq). kmcYnt\Xr-{]-[m-\-am-Wv cY-sa-¶-Xp-t]mse _p²n-t\-Xr-{]-[m-\-amWv icocw F¶-XpsIm−v A²y-h-kmb e£-W-bmb _p²nsb \o kmc-Yn-sb-¶-dn-bq. (\n-Ý-bn-¨p-d-̧ n-¡p¶ A´x-I-c-W-hr-̄ n-bmWv _p²n). \nÝ-b-ambpw (F´p-sIm-s−-¶mÂ) tZl-K-X-amb FÃm Im-cy-§fpw Xs¶ {]mtbW _p²n-bm sN¿-s¸-tS-−-Xm-Ip-¶p. k¦-ev]-hn-I-ev]mZne£-W-amb5 a\Êv {]{K-lwþ ISn-ªm¬þ F¶p \o a\-Ên-em¡q. F´p-sIm-s−-¶m ISn-ªm-Wn-\m {Kln¡-s¸« IpXn-c-I-sf-¶ -I-Wt¡ a\-Ên-\m \Ã-t]mse {Kln¡-s¸-Sp-¶-h-bmb t{im{Xw XpS-§n-

b6 Ic-W-§-fmWv7{]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xv II 3 II Ipdn-̧ p-IÄ:þ

1. hnZy F¶-Xn\v Bß-Úm\w F¶ AÀ°hpw Ahn-Zybv¡v Úm\-hn-e-£-W-am-bXvþIÀ½w-þF¶ AÀ°hpw im¦-c-th-Zm-́ -̄ n Dd-¸n-¡-s¸-«-Xm-Ip-¶p. Cu c−p amÀ¤§fnepw A[n-Im-cn-bmWv Poh³ F¶-Xn-\m Úm\-IÀ½amÀ¤-§Ä Hcp-t]mse Ah\v kzoI-cn-¡m-\mhpw F¶pw Ch-bn \nxt{i-b-k-aÀ°n-¡p-¶-h³ Úm\-amÀ¤s¯ kzoI-cn¨psImÅ-W-

sa¶pw kqNn-̧ n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.

2. e£y-{]m-]vXn¡v hml-\-sa-¶-t]m-se -Úm\IÀ½- amÀ¤-§-fn Kan-¡p-hm-\pÅ hml-\-amWv Cu ico-cw.

3. "EXw' F¶m kXyw F¶À°w. ChnsS Ahiyw`mhn-bmb IÀ½-̂ -es¯ ImWn-̧ m-\mWv "EX'i_vZw D]-tbm-Kn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Bb-Xns\ A\p- -̀hn-¡p-¶-h³ F¶mWv "EX]x' F¶-Xn¶À°w. ""EXw ]n_-Xo-Xn "EX]x' '' IÀ½-̂ -e-§sf A\p- -̀hn-¡p¶ Poh-̀ m-h-¯n-ep-Å- B-ßm-hns\ F¶v EX]w

F¶-Xn-\À°w. 4. IÀ½-̂ -e-§sf A\p- -̀hn-¡p¶h\m-bXn\m¯s¶ kwkm-cn-bmWv Cu Bßmhv. IÀ½wþ kwkm-cw-þ-hm-k-\-þ-IÀ½w F¶ -cq-]-̄ n IÀ½-̄ m _Ôn-¡-s¸«v ho−pw ho−pw ico-c-kzo-I-cWw th−n-h-cp-¶-Xn-\m EX-]³

kwkm-cn-bp-am-Ip-¶p. 5. Zti-{µn-bm-²y-£Xzhpw kqNn-̧ n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.

6. C{µn-b-§Ä. ]©-̀ q-X-§-fn H¶m-as¯ BIm-i¯nsâ -ImcyamsW¶-Xn-\m t{im{Xw BZyw ]d-ªp.

7. GsXm-¶n-s\-s¡m−v {Inb-sN-¿m-\m-hp-¶pthm BbXv Ic-Ww. \ap¡v _mly-I-c-W-§fpw A´x-I-c-W-§-fp-ap-−v. ChnsS apJy-ambpw C{µn-b-§Ä

AÀ°-am-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. a{´w

C{µn-bmWn lbm-\m-lpÀhn-j-bmw-kvtXjptKmNcm³I Btß-{µn-b-a-t\m-bpàwt`mtà-Xym-lpÀa-\o-jnWxI I

-̀ mjyw C{µn-bmWn N£p-cm-Zo\n lbm³ Blpx cY-I-ev]-\m-Ip-iemx ico-c-c-Ym-IÀjW kmam-\ymXv I tXjp Gh C{µn-tbjp lb-tXz\ ]cn-I-ev]n-tXjp tKmN-cm³ amÀ¤m³ cq]m-Zo³ hnj-bm³ hn²n I Btß-{µn-b-a-t\m-bpàw ico-tc-{µn-b-a-t\m`nx klnXw kwbp-à-am-ßm\w t`màm1 CXn kwkm-co-Xn Blpx a\o-jntWm hnth-In\xI \ ln tIh-e-kym-ß\x2 t`màr-Xz-akvXn _p²ym-Zyp-]m-[n-Ir-Xtah Xky t`màrXzw3 I XYm N {ipXy-́ cw tIh-e-

kym-t`m-àr-Xz-tah ZÀi-bXn “[ymb-Xoh teem-b-Xoh”4 CXymZn I Ghw N kXn5 h£y-am-W-c-Y-I-ev]-\bm sshjvW-hky ]Z-kym-ß-Xbm {]Xn-

]¯nx D]-]-ZytX \m\yYm kz`m-hm-\Xn{I-am-Xv6 II 4 II A\p-hmZw

I®v XpS-§nb C{µn-b-§sf IpXn-c-I-sf¶v cY-I-ev]-\m-Ip-i-e-·mÀ ]d-bp-¶p. cY-s¯(-Ip-Xn-c-IÄ) hen-¡p¶ IWt¡ Ch tZls¯ \bn-¡p¶p F¶ kam\-X-bm-emWv C§s\ ]d-bp-¶-Xv.(C-{]-Im-c-ap-Å)-Ip-Xn-c-I-sf-t¶mWw Iev]n-¡-s¸« C{µnb-§-fn tKmN-c-§-fmb cq]w XpS-§nbhsb hnj-b-§Ä F¶-dn-bq. C{µn-b-a-t\m-bp-à-amb Bßm-hns\þi-co-cw, -C-{µnbw, a\Êv XpS-§n-b-h-tbm-sSm¯ Bßm-hns\þt`màmhv1 F¶v--, kwkmcn F¶v,

hnth-In-IÄ (a\o-jn-IÄ) ]d-bp-¶p. tIh-em-ßm-hn\v2 t`màrXzw CÃ-X-s¶. _p²n XpS-§nb D]m-[n-I-fmÂ

sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶-Xp-X-s¶-bmWv AXnsâ t`màr-Xzw.3 A{]-Im-cw-Xs¶ tIh-

eamb-Xnsâ At`m-àr-Xzs¯ “[ym\n-¡p-¶-t]m-se, tNjvS-sN-¿p-¶-t]mse”4 F¶n-§s\ CXc {ipXnbpw (Acp-fp-¶p). C{]-Im-c-am-bn-cnt¡5, ]d-bm³ t]m-Ip¶ cYI-ev]-\-sIm-−pÅ sshjvW-h-]-Z-̄ nsâ Bß-tXz-\-bpÅ {]Xn-

]¯n kn²am-hpw; asämcp {]Im-c-̄ nepw Bhp-¶n-Ã. F´p-sIm-s−¶m kz`m-hs¯ AXn-{I-an-¡m-\m-hp-¶n-sÃ-¶-Xn-\mÂ6 I I 4 II

Ipdn-̧ p-IÄ:þ 1. IÀ½-̂ -e-t`m-àmhv F¶À°w.

2. \ncp-]m-[n-I-amb Bß-kz-cq-]s¯ ‘tIhe’i_vZ-̄ m ]d-bp-¶p. \ncp-]m-[n-I\v t`màr-Xz-an-Ã.

3. _p²n, a\-Êv, C{µn-b-§Ä, tZlw F¶n-h-bm-emWv t`màrXzw D−m-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.

4. _rl-Zm-c-Wy-tIm-]-\n-j-Xv-þ4-þ3-þ7. 5. \ncp-]m-[n-I-amb Bßm-hn t`màr-Xz-an-söpw Bßm-hn _p²ym-Zyp-]m-[n-I-fm Iev]n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-XmWv t`màrXzw F¶pw Bbn-cn-s¡þ

6. AYhm t`màrXzw kz`mhamsW¦n sshjvW-h-]-Z-{]-Xn-]¯n D−m-hn-Ã. kz`mhw amdp-¶n-sÃ-¶-Xn-\mÂ.

a{´w bkvXz-hn-Úm-\-hm³ `h-Xy-bp-tà\ a\km kZmI Xtky-{µn-bm-Wyh-

iym\n ZpjvSmizmx Ch kmctYxII -̀ mjyw

Xss{Xhw kXn1 bx Xp _p²ym-Jyx kmcYnx Ahn Úm\hm³ A\n-]ptWm Ahn-thIo {]hr¯u N \nhr¯u N `hXn btY-Xcx cY-N-cym-bm-w Abp-tà\ A{]-Kr-lo-tX\ Ak-am-ln-tX\ a\km {]{K-l-Øm-\o-tb-\ kZm bptàm `hXn Xky AIp-i-eky _p²n-km-ctYx C{µn-bmWn Aiz-Øm-\o-bm\n bm\n Ah-iym\n Ai-Iy-\n-hm-c-Wm\n ZpjvSmizmx AZm-

´mizm2 Ch CXckmctYx `h´n II 5 II

A\phmZw C{]-Im-c-am-bn-cns¡1 bmsXmcp _p²n-bm-Ip¶ kmcYnbmtWm Ahn-Úm-\-hm-\m-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv-þ-A-\n-]p-W-\m-bn, cY-¯n ]q«nb IpXn-c-I-fpsS {]hr-¯n-bnepw \nhr-̄ n-bnepw Ahn-th-In-bm-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, bmsXm-cm-fmtWm cY-N-cy-bn Abp-àambþ kz´w \nb-{´-W-̄ n-e-Ãm¯, Ak-am-ln-X-amb a\-tÊm-sSm-̄ v-þ-I-Sn-ªm-Wnsâ Øm\-apÅ a\-tÊm-sSm¯v Ccn-¡p-¶-Xv- A§-s\-bpÅ A\n-]p-W-\mb _p²n-km-c-Yn¡v IpXncIfpsS Øm\-̄ pÅ C{µn-b-§Ä Ah-iy-§Ä AXm-bXv \nhm-cWw sN¿m³ Ai-Iy-§Ä Bbn-

cn¡pw, kmc-Yn-bpsS AZm-́ m-iz-§Ä2 F¶-t]mse II 5 II

Ipdn¸pIÄ:þ 1.- c-Y-cq-]-I-ev]-\-bn icocw cY-hpw, Bßmhv cYnbpw, _p²n kmc-Yn-bpw,

a\Êv ISn-ªm-Wpw, C{µn-b-§Ä IpXn-c-I-fp-am-bn-cn-s¡. 2. Za\w sN¿-s¸« IpXn-c-I-fmWv Zm´miz§Ä. A§-s\-b-Ãm¯h AZm-́ m-

iz-§Ä.

a{´w bkvXp hnÚm-\-hm³ `hXn bptà\ a\km kZm I Xtky-{µn-bmWn hiym\n kZizmx Ch kmctYx I I

-̀ mjyw

bkvXp ]p\x ]qÀtÆmàhn]-coXx kmcYnx `hXn hnÚm-\-hm³ {]Kr-lo-X-a\mx kam-ln-X-Nn¯x kZm Xky Aiz-Øm-\o-bm-\n C-{µn-bmWn {]hÀX-bnXpw \nhÀX-bnXpw hm iIym\n hiym\n Zm´mx kZizm Ch

CXckmctYx II 6 II

A\p-hmZw (F-¶mÂ) t\cs¯ ]d-ª-XnÂ\n¶pw hn]-co-X-am(\m)-bn-«pÅ bmsXmcp kmc-Yn-bp-t−m, Ft¸mgpw hnÚm-\-hm-\mbpw {]KrloX-a-\-kvI-\mbpw kam-ln-X-Nn-̄ -\mbpw DÅXv A§-s\-bpÅ kmc-Yn-bpsS Aiz-Øm-\o-b-§-fmb C{µn-b-§Ä {]hÀ¯n-¡-s¸-Sm\pw \nhÀ¯n-¡-s¸-Sm\pw iIy-§-fm-bn-þ-h-iy-§-fm-bn-þ-Z-a\w sN¿-s¸« kZ-iz-§Ä IW-s¡-bm-bn-cn¡pw II 6 II

-̀ mjyw Xky ]qÀtÆm-à-kym-hn-Úm-\-hXx _p²n-km-ctYx CZw ^e-aml-þ

A\p-hmZw t\cs¯ ]dª Ahn-Úm-\-hm-\mb _p²n-km-c-Yn-bpsS ^ew C{]-Im-c-

sa-¶-cp-fp-¶p.

a{´w

bkvXz-hn-Úm-\-hm³ `h-Xy-a-\kvIx kZm-ipNnx I \ k XXv]-Z-am-]vt\mXn kwkmcw Nm[n-K-Ñ-Xn II

`mjyw bx Xp Ahn-Úm-\-hm³ `hXn Aa-\kvIx A{]-Kr-lo-X-a-\kvIx1 k XXx Gh AipNnx2 kZm Gh \ k cYo3 XXv]qÀtÆm-à-a-£cw4 bXv]cw ]Zw B]vt\mXn tX\ kmc-Yn\m5 I \ tIhew ssIheyw \m]vt\mXn kwkmcw N P·-a-c-W-e-£Ww A[n-K-ÑXn II 7 II

A\p-hmZw bmsXm-cm-fmtWm Ahn-Úm-\-hm-\mbpw Aa-\-kvI-\mbpw, AXmbXv

A{]Krlo-X-a-\-kvI-\mbpw1 Ccn-¡p-¶Xv AXn-\m¯s¶ Ft¸mgpw Aip-Nn-bm-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv2; AbmÄ, A§-s\-bpÅ cY-kzman3 ap¼p ]d-ª-Xmb B A£-cs¯ bmsXm-¶mtWm ]c-a-amb ]Zw AXns\, A{]-Im-c-apÅ

kmc-Yn-sb-s¡m−v {]m]n-¡p-¶n-Ã. tIhew ssIheyw {]m]n¡p-¶n-sÃ-¶p- am-{X-a-Ã, P·-a-cWe£-W-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ kwkm-cs¯ {]m]n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p.

II 7 II

Ipdn-̧ p-IÄ:þ 1. kz\nb-{´-W-̄ n-e-Ãm¯ a\-tÊm-sSm-̄ -h³ F¶pw a\-Êns\ icn-bmb

ISn-ªm-Wm-bn-«p-]-tbm-Kn-¡m-̄ -h³ F¶pw AÀ°w hcmw. 2. A{]-Kr-lo-X-a-\-kvIXzw sIm−p-Xs¶ Aip-Nn. {Kmly-Xym-Py-hn-th-Icln-X-\mbn hnj-b-§-fn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-h³, ]d-bp-¶Xp {]hÀ¯n-¡m-̄ -h³

Fs¶-Ãm-aÀ°w. 3. e£y-{]m]vXnsb kw_-Ôn-̈ m-Wv ChnsS ]d-b-s¸-Sp-¶-sX-¶-Xn-\m cY-

kzman, cYn F¶p Xs¶-bÀ°w. 4. ap³ a{ -́§-fn-eqsS bmsXm-cm-ß-kz-cq]w D]-\y-kn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶pthm BbXv

F¶À°w.

5. Ahn-Úm-\-hm-\mb kmc-Yn-tbm-sSm-̄ h³ e£yw {]m]n-¡p-¶n-Ã. {Kmly-Xym-Py-hn-th-N-\hpw \nÝ-bm-ß-I-X-bp-apÅ _p²n-bm a\-Êm-Ip¶ ISn-

ªmWn\m C{µn-b-¡p-Xn-c-IÄ \nb-{´n-¡-s¸«ncn¡Ww.

a{´w bkvXp hnÚm-\-hm³ `hXn ka-\kvIx kZm ipNnxI k Xp XXv]-Z-am-

]vt\mXn bkvam-Zv`qtbm \ PmbtX II

`mjyw bx Xp ZznXobx1 hnÚm-\-hm³ hnÚm-\-hXv kmc-Yyp-t]Xx cYo hnZzm³ CtXy-XXv bpà-a\mx ka-\kvIx2 k XX Gh kZm ipNnx k Xp XXv]Zw B ]vt\mXn bkvamXv B]vXmXv ]ZmXv A{]-NypXx k³ `qbx

]p\x \ PmbtX kwkm-tc II 8 II

A\p-hmZw (C-\n) A\y-\mb1 bmsXm-cm-fpt−m hnÚm-\-hm-\m-bn«,v AXmbXv

hnÚm-\n-bmb kmcYntbmsSm-̄ -h-\m-bn«v (C-{]-Im-c-ap-Å) cYn, hnZzm³ (A-§-s\bpÅ) bpà-a-\-kvI-\m-bþka-\-kvI-\mbþBÄ AXp-sIm-−p-Xs¶ Ft¸mgpw ipNn-bm-bn-cn-¡-p-¶-bmÄ, Abmfm-Is« bmsXm-¶ns\ {]m]n-̈ m ]ns¶ {]Nyp-X-\m-hp-¶n-Ã-tbm, ho−pw kwkm-c-̄ n P\n-¡p-¶nÃtbm A{]-

Im-c-apÅ ]cw-]-Zs¯ {]m]n-¡p-¶p.

Ipdn-̧ p-IÄ:þ 1. ap³ a{´-̄ n ]d-ª-XnÂ\n¶pw thÀXn-cn¨p ImWn-̧ m-\m-bn-s¡m−v Xp,

ZzoXobx F¶o i_vZ-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-̈ n-cn¡p-¶p. 2. kam-ln-X-a-\-kvI³.

`mjyw Inw XXv]-Z-an-Xyml A\p-h-mZw

B ]Z-sa-s´¶p ]d-bp¶p:

a{´w

hnÚm-\-km-c-YnÀbkvXp a\x {]{K-lhm-¶cx I

tkmf[z\x ]mc-am-]vt\mXn XZz-njvtWmx ]caw ]Zw-- II

`mjyw hnÚm-\-km-cYnx bkvXp bx hnth-I-_p-²n-km-cYnx1 ]qÀtÆmàx a\x-{]-{K-l-hm³ {]Kr-lo-X-a\mx kam-ln-X-Nn¯x k³ ipNnx \cx hnZzm³ kx A[z\x kwkm-c-KtXx ]mcw2 ]c-tah A[n-K-́ -hy-3an-tXy-XXv B]vt\mXn apNytX kÀÆ-kw-km-c-_-Ôss\x I XZv hnjvtWmx4 hym]-\-io-eky {_ÒWx-5 ]c-am-ßt\m-6 hmkp-tZ-hm-Jyky-7 ]caw {]IrjvSw ]Zw Øm\w

kX¯zw CtXyXZv bZku B]vt\mXn hnZzm³ II 9 II

A\p-hmZw bmsXm-cm-fmtWm hnÚm-\-km-c-Yn-tbm-sSm-̄ n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv(-A-Xm-b-Xv) ap¼p ]dª hnth-I-am-Ip¶ _p²n-km-c-Yn-tbm-sSm¯pw1 a\-Êm-Ip¶ {]{K-l-

t¯m-sSm-̄ pw-þ-{]-Kr-lo-X-a-\-kvI-\m-bn, kam-ln-X-Nn-̄ -\m-bn-þ-I-gn-bp-¶-Xv, A{]-Im-c-apÅ ipNn-bmb hnZzm³ hgn-bpsSþkwkm-c-K-Xn-bpsSþAäs¯2 ]c-am-b-Xns\, sN¶p {]m]n-t¡-−p-¶-Xns\3 {]m]n-¡p-¶p. (A-Xm-b-Xv) kÀÆ-kw-km-c-_-Ô-\-§-fnÂ\n¶pw apà-\m-hp-¶p. AXv hym]-\-io-e-\mb {_Ò-¯nsâ-5, ]c-am-ßm-hn-sâ-6, hmkp-tZ-hm-̀ n-Zsâ -7, hnjvWp-hnsâ4 ]c-ahpw {]Ir-jvShpamb ]Zw-þ-Øm-\w,kzcq]w BIp-¶p, bmsXm-¶ns\ hnZzm³

{]m]n-¡p¶p II 9 II

Ipdn-̧ p-IÄ:þ 1. kmc-Ynsb kw_-Ôn-̈ -Ã, adn¨v tXcm-fnsb kw_-Ôn-̈ mWv e£y-{]m]vXn ]d-tb-−Xv F¶-Xn-\m-epw, ChnsS e£y-{]m]vXn ]d-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-\mepw Chn-sS ]d-b-s¸-Sp-¶Xv cYn-bm-sW¶pw AXn-\m hnÚm-\-km-cYn F¶-Xn\v A{]-Im-c-apÅ kmc-Yn-tbm-sSm¯ cYn F¶À°-sa-Sp-¡-W-sa¶pw a\-Ên-em-

¡-Ww. 2. -h-gn-bpsS Aäw e£yw. ChnsS ]c-a]pcp-jmÀ°--amb tam£w.

3. CXm-Ip-¶p am\-h-P-·-e£yw F¶p kqNn-̧ n-¡p¶p ‘A[n-K-́ hy’ i_vZ-¯mÂ. A[n-K-an-¡-s¸-tS-−Xv, {]m]n-¡-s¸-tS-−Xv ]pcp-jmÀ°wXs¶.

4. kÀÆ-̄ nepw hym]n-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶-h³, kÀÆ-̄ nepw {]th-in-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶-h³, kÀÆhpw Bcn-tebv¡p {]th-in-¡p-¶pthm Ah³ F¶n-{]-Im-c-saÃmw

hnjvWp-i-_vZmÀ°w. ‘hniv {]th-it\’ [mXp. ]c-am-ßm-sh-¶À°w. 5. kÀÆm-[n-jvTm-\-amb k¨n-Zm-\-µ-kz-cq-]w- Xs¶ {_Òw.

6. ]c-am-ßm-hp-X-s¶-bm-Ip¶p hyXy-kvX-\m-a-§-fm hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. Bßmhpw {_Ò-hp-saÃmw H¶p-X-s¶.

7. kÀÆ-Zn¡pw hym]n¨p {]Im-in-¡p-¶-h³ F¶À°w.