WY MSHA State Grant WY MSHA State Grant ProgramProgram

BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENSBLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS

AND UNIVERSAL AND UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS TRAININGPRECAUTIONS TRAINING

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

Blocks entry of an organism into the Blocks entry of an organism into the bodybody– Gloves are most commonGloves are most common

Make sure all first aid kits contain Make sure all first aid kits contain several pairs of vinyl, laytex, or Nitrile several pairs of vinyl, laytex, or Nitrile glovesgloves

Protective eyewear, standard surgical Protective eyewear, standard surgical masks, and/or respirators may be masks, and/or respirators may be necessarynecessary

Mouth to barrier (breathing masks) Mouth to barrier (breathing masks) are also recommendedare also recommended

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

No case of disease transmission to No case of disease transmission to a rescuer as a result of performing a rescuer as a result of performing unprotected CPR in an infected unprotected CPR in an infected victim has been documented (only victim has been documented (only 15 cases of infection reported in 15 cases of infection reported in last 30 years!) . last 30 years!) . HoweverHowever, mouth , mouth to barrier devices are still to barrier devices are still strongly recommended!strongly recommended!

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONSUNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

Individuals infected with HBV or Individuals infected with HBV or HIV may not show symptoms and HIV may not show symptoms and may not even know they are may not even know they are infectious.infectious.

All human blood and body fluids All human blood and body fluids should be considered infectious, should be considered infectious, and precautions should be taken to and precautions should be taken to avoid contact.avoid contact.

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONSUNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

The Body Substance Isolation (BSI) The Body Substance Isolation (BSI) technique assumes that all body technique assumes that all body fluids are a potential risk.fluids are a potential risk.

Follow BSI procedures even when Follow BSI procedures even when blood and/or body fluids are not blood and/or body fluids are not visiblevisible

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONSUNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

Wear appropriate PPE, such as glovesWear appropriate PPE, such as gloves Use absorbent barriers to soak up blood Use absorbent barriers to soak up blood

or other infectious materialsor other infectious materials Clean the spill area with an appropriate Clean the spill area with an appropriate

disinfecting solution, such as bleachdisinfecting solution, such as bleach Discard contaminated materials in an Discard contaminated materials in an

appropriate waste disposal containerappropriate waste disposal container

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONSUNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

If you have been exposed to blood or If you have been exposed to blood or body fluids:body fluids:

Use soap and water to wash the parts Use soap and water to wash the parts of your body that have been of your body that have been contaminatedcontaminated

If exposure happens at work, report the If exposure happens at work, report the incident to your supervisorincident to your supervisor

OR contact your physician (non work OR contact your physician (non work related)related)

AIRBORNE DISEASEAIRBORNE DISEASE

Bacteria or viruses are introduced Bacteria or viruses are introduced into the air by coughing or sneezinginto the air by coughing or sneezing

Carried by droplets of mucusCarried by droplets of mucus Can be inhaled by other individualsCan be inhaled by other individuals TB (tuberculosis) infection rate has TB (tuberculosis) infection rate has

been increasing in recent years - it been increasing in recent years - it settles in the lungs and can be fatalsettles in the lungs and can be fatal

AIDS/HIVAIDS/HIV

APPROXIMATELY 900,000 CASES APPROXIMATELY 900,000 CASES REPORTED TO CDC (total)REPORTED TO CDC (total)– Approximately 100+ Health Care Approximately 100+ Health Care

WorkersWorkers Virus is Very Fragile Outside Host and Virus is Very Fragile Outside Host and

Dies in a Few to Several MinutesDies in a Few to Several Minutes No known Cure - Almost Always FatalNo known Cure - Almost Always Fatal

HBVHBV

APPROXIMATELY 300,000 NEW CASES APPROXIMATELY 300,000 NEW CASES ANNUALLYANNUALLY– 8,000-9,000 Health Care Workers8,000-9,000 Health Care Workers

HBV Has Been Documented to HBV Has Been Documented to Survive Two Weeks in Dried BloodSurvive Two Weeks in Dried Blood

Can Be Vaccinated for HBVCan Be Vaccinated for HBV May Not Express Outward SymptomsMay Not Express Outward Symptoms May Carry Disease for LifeMay Carry Disease for Life

OTHER DISEASESOTHER DISEASES

HerpesHerpes HCV…HHV.HCV…HHV. InfluenzaInfluenza Infectious mononucleosisInfectious mononucleosis Microbacterium tuberculosisMicrobacterium tuberculosis ??????????

DECONTAMINATIONDECONTAMINATION

““The use of physical or chemical The use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or means to remove, inactivate, or destroy blood borne pathogens on destroy blood borne pathogens on a surface or item to the point a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal.”safe for handling, use, or disposal.”

DECONTAMINATION DECONTAMINATION CHEMICALSCHEMICALS

Not recommended for decontamination Not recommended for decontamination of possible AIDS/HIV, HBV and Herpes of possible AIDS/HIV, HBV and Herpes exposures:exposures:– Alcohols, quaternary ammonium Alcohols, quaternary ammonium

compounds, phenolicscompounds, phenolics Recommended:Recommended:

– sodium hypochlorate solution having at sodium hypochlorate solution having at least 500 ppm free available chlorine (1/4 least 500 ppm free available chlorine (1/4 cup liquid household bleach per gallon of cup liquid household bleach per gallon of tap water.tap water.

– Iodine, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde Iodine, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde (may cause toxic fumes in certain (may cause toxic fumes in certain circumstances)circumstances)

DECONTAMINATION DECONTAMINATION METHODSMETHODS

ALWAYS wear gloves, face shields, ALWAYS wear gloves, face shields, protective smocks, etc. as indicated by protective smocks, etc. as indicated by the hazard(s) involvedthe hazard(s) involved

REMEMBER blood or other body fluids REMEMBER blood or other body fluids may be present even when you don’t may be present even when you don’t see itsee it

Use a strong bleach solution to wash Use a strong bleach solution to wash down contaminated areasdown contaminated areas

Keep surfaces wet with Keep surfaces wet with decontamination fluids for at least 10 decontamination fluids for at least 10 minutes.minutes.

WHO IS CANTAMINATED WHO IS CANTAMINATED OR INFECTED?OR INFECTED?

You can not determine who does and You can not determine who does and who does not pose a bacterial or viral who does not pose a bacterial or viral threat just by looking at themthreat just by looking at them

People from all walks of life, socio-People from all walks of life, socio-economic backgrounds and races are economic backgrounds and races are contaminated with diseases like AIDS, contaminated with diseases like AIDS, HBV, Herpes, etc.HBV, Herpes, etc.

Some do not even exhibit any outward Some do not even exhibit any outward signs of the disease they carry. signs of the disease they carry.

Some do not even know they are Some do not even know they are infectious or carry a serious disease infectious or carry a serious disease

WILL I BE CONTAMINATED WILL I BE CONTAMINATED BY:BY:

Working with someone who is infected Working with someone who is infected with AIDS or HBV? with AIDS or HBV? NO! as long as you NO! as long as you are not in contact with body fluids, are not in contact with body fluids, there is no known transmission there is no known transmission through casual contact.through casual contact.

If I come in contact with blood, vaginal If I come in contact with blood, vaginal secretions, semen, etc. secretions, semen, etc. THE THE POTENTIAL EXISTS IF YOU DO NOT POTENTIAL EXISTS IF YOU DO NOT PROTECT YOURSELF!PROTECT YOURSELF!

HOW DO I GET HOW DO I GET CONTAMINATED/EXPOSEDCONTAMINATED/EXPOSED

??

To infect you, HBV, Aids, etc. must get To infect you, HBV, Aids, etc. must get inside your body through a break in inside your body through a break in your skin, or through your eyes, nose, your skin, or through your eyes, nose, mouth, or other mucous membranesmouth, or other mucous membranes

Don’t forget to decontaminate an Don’t forget to decontaminate an exposed work area or toolexposed work area or tool

Don’t forget to decontaminate your Don’t forget to decontaminate your first aid or jump kit after treating a first aid or jump kit after treating a patient!patient!

HOW DO YOU PROTECT HOW DO YOU PROTECT YOURSELF ON THE JOB?YOURSELF ON THE JOB?

Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions Scrubbing with soap and waterScrubbing with soap and water

– anti bacterial scrubs where soap and anti bacterial scrubs where soap and water are not readily available - followed water are not readily available - followed by soap and water at earliest convenienceby soap and water at earliest convenience

Careful and thorough decontamination Careful and thorough decontamination of exposed or suspected exposed of exposed or suspected exposed surfaces, areas, and tools, etc.surfaces, areas, and tools, etc.